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Liu J, Rehm CD, Onopa J, Mozaffarian D. Trends in Diet Quality Among Youth in the United States, 1999-2016. JAMA 2020; 323:1161-1174. [PMID: 32207798 PMCID: PMC7093765 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Prior studies of dietary trends among US youth have evaluated major macronutrients or only a few foods or have used older data. Objective To characterize trends in diet quality among US youth. Design, Setting, and Participants Serial cross-sectional investigation using 24-hour dietary recalls from youth aged 2 to 19 years from 9 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (1999-2016). Exposures Calendar year and population sociodemographic characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the survey-weighted, energy-adjusted mean consumption of dietary components and proportion meeting targets of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 continuous diet score (range, 0-50; based on total fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fish and shellfish, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sodium). Additional outcomes were the AHA secondary score (range, 0-80; adding nuts, seeds, and legumes; processed meat; and saturated fat) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 score (range, 0-100). Poor diet was defined as less than 40% adherence (scores, <20 for primary and <32 for secondary AHA scores); intermediate as 40% to 79.9% adherence (scores, 20-39.9 and 32-63.9, respectively); and ideal, as at least 80% adherence (scores, ≥40 and ≥64, respectively). Higher diet scores indicate better diet quality; a minimal clinically important difference has not been quantified. Results Of 31 420 youth aged 2 to 19 years included, the mean age was 10.6 years; 49.1% were female. From 1999 to 2016, the estimated AHA primary diet score significantly increased from 14.8 (95% CI, 14.1-15.4) to 18.8 (95% CI, 18.1-19.6) (27.0% improvement), the estimated AHA secondary diet score from 29.2 (95% CI, 28.1-30.4) to 33.0 (95% CI, 32.0-33.9) (13.0% improvement), and the estimated HEI-2015 score from 44.6 (95% CI, 43.5-45.8) to 49.6 (95% CI, 48.5-50.8) (11.2% improvement) (P < .001 for trend for each). Based on the AHA primary diet score, the estimated proportion of youth with poor diets significantly declined from 76.8% (95% CI, 72.9%-80.2%) to 56.1% (95% CI, 51.4%-60.7%) and with intermediate diets significantly increased from 23.2% (95% CI, 19.8%-26.9%) to 43.7% (95% CI, 39.1%-48.3%) (P < .001 for trend for each). The estimated proportion meeting ideal quality significantly increased but remained low, from 0.07% (95% CI, 0.01%-0.49%) to 0.25% (95% CI, 0.10%-0.62%) (P = .03 for trend). Persistent dietary variations were identified across multiple sociodemographic groups. The estimated proportion of youth with a poor diet in 2015-2016 was 39.8% (95% CI, 35.1%-44.5%) for ages 2 to 5 years (unweighted n = 666), 52.5% (95% CI, 46.4%-58.5%) for ages 6 to 11 years (unweighted n = 1040), and 66.6% (95% CI, 61.4%-71.4%) for ages 12 to 19 years (unweighted n = 1195), with persistent differences across levels of parental education, household income, and household food security status. Conclusions and Relevance Based on serial NHANES surveys from 1999 to 2016, the estimated overall diet quality of US youth showed modest improvement, but more than half of youth still had poor-quality diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colin D. Rehm
- Office of Community and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jennifer Onopa
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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de Ferranti SD, Steinberger J, Ameduri R, Baker A, Gooding H, Kelly AS, Mietus-Snyder M, Mitsnefes MM, Peterson AL, St-Pierre J, Urbina EM, Zachariah JP, Zaidi AN. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in High-Risk Pediatric Patients: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e603-e634. [PMID: 30798614 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This scientific statement presents considerations for clinical management regarding the assessment and risk reduction of select pediatric populations at high risk for premature cardiovascular disease, including acquired arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis. For each topic, the evidence for accelerated acquired coronary artery disease and stroke in childhood and adolescence and the evidence for benefit of interventions in youth will be reviewed. Children and adolescents may be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease because of significant atherosclerotic or arteriosclerotic risk factors, high-risk conditions that promote atherosclerosis, or coronary artery or other cardiac or vascular abnormalities that make the individual more vulnerable to the adverse effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Existing scientific statements and guidelines will be referenced when applicable, and suggestions for risk identification and reduction specific to each setting will be described. This statement is directed toward pediatric cardiologists, primary care providers, and subspecialists who provide clinical care for these young patients. The focus will be on management and justification for management, minimizing information on pathophysiology and epidemiology.
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53
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Said L, Gubbels JS, Kremers SPJ. Development of Dietary Knowledge and Adherence Questionnaires for Lebanese Adolescents and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010147. [PMID: 31878200 PMCID: PMC6982025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The availability of practical tools to assess dietary knowledge and adherence is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary interventions. The aims of this paper were to develop reliable dietary knowledge and adherence questionnaires, suitable for Lebanese adolescents and their parents, and to estimate the feasibility of conducting studies involving such participants in the school-based setting. Eight Lebanese high schools participated in this study (involving 220 adolescents aged 15–18 years). Self-administered dietary knowledge and adherence questionnaires (the Dietary Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) and the Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (DAQ), respectively) were completed by the high school students and their parents. A 24 h recall was additionally administered for the adolescents by a dietitian and a trained interviewer at school, in order to validate the adolescents’ answers in the DAQ. The cognitive interview method was used to qualitatively evaluate the questionnaires. The resulting Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 for the adolescent questionnaires and from 0.46 to 0.89 for the parental ones. In addition, 23 items (out of 25) of the adolescent DAQ matched with the administered 24 h recall. A significant negative correlation was found between the knowledge score (DKQ) and the unhealthy items of the adolescent DAQ. There was a significant positive correlation between the DKQ of the parents and the knowledge score of their children. This is the first study of dietary questionnaires involving Lebanese high school students from different regions, while also including their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Said
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands; (J.S.G.); (S.P.J.K.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jessica S. Gubbels
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands; (J.S.G.); (S.P.J.K.)
| | - Stef P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands; (J.S.G.); (S.P.J.K.)
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54
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Baker-Smith CM, de Ferranti SD, Cochran WJ. The Use of Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Children. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2019-2765. [PMID: 31659005 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) in the food supply has increased over time. Not only are more children and adolescents consuming NNSs, but they are also consuming a larger quantity of NNSs in the absence of strong scientific evidence to refute or support the safety of these agents. This policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics is intended to provide the pediatric provider with a review of (1) previous steps taken for approved use of NNSs, (2) existing data regarding the safety of NNS use in the general pediatric population, (3) what is known regarding the potential benefits and/or adverse effects of NNS use in children and adolescents, (4) identified gaps in existing knowledge and potential areas of future research, and (5) suggested talking points that pediatricians may use when discussing NNS use with families.
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55
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The Association of Unhealthy Diet with Socioeconomic Inequality in Children: A Study in Kurdistan, West of Iran. HEALTH SCOPE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.58336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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56
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Odar Stough C, McCullough MB, Robson SL, Bolling C, Spear Filigno S, Kichler JC, Zion C, Clifford LM, Simon SL, Ittenbach RF, Stark LJ. Are Preschoolers Meeting the Mark? Comparing the Dietary, Activity, and Sleep Behaviors of Preschoolers With Obesity to National Recommendations. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:452-463. [PMID: 29048553 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective National health organizations and expert committees have issued recommendations for health behaviors related to obesity risk. Behavioral and family-based weight management interventions for preschoolers often target improving adherence to these recommendations, but it is unknown how the health behaviors of preschoolers with obesity enrolled in weight control treatments (WCTs) compare with these guidelines. In this study, the dietary intake, activity, and sleep behaviors of preschoolers with obesity enrolled in a family-based behavioral WCT are described and compared with national health behavior recommendations. Methods Health behaviors of 151 preschoolers with obesity (M age = 4.60, SD = 0.93) enrolled in a clinical trial of a weight management program were measured at baseline through caregiver-report questionnaires, three 24-hr dietary recalls, and accelerometers. Results In total, 70% of the sample exceeded daily caloric recommendations, only 10 and 5% met recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, respectively, and only 30% met the recommendation of consuming no sugar-sweetened beverages. The majority of the sample met the daily recommendations for 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity (80%), < 2 hr of screen time (68%), and sleep duration (70%). Conclusions Behavioral weight management interventions for preschoolers with obesity should target the health behaviors where children are not meeting recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Beth McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Hasbro Children's Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Shannon L Robson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware
| | | | - Stephanie Spear Filigno
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Jessica C Kichler
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Cynthia Zion
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Lisa M Clifford
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Lori J Stark
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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57
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Güneş FE, Bekiroglu N, Imeryuz N, Agirbasli M. Awareness of cardiovascular risk factors among university students in Turkey. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e127. [PMID: 31477189 PMCID: PMC6728931 DOI: 10.1017/s146342361900063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the awareness of cardiovascular risk factors among university students in Turkey. BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. The use of tobacco products and unhealthy diet are prominent habits that increase the risk of CVD. METHODS Healthy university students (n = 2450) aged between 18 and 22 years in Istanbul filled out the questionnaire about the awareness of CVD risk factors and participated in this cross-sectional study. They were asked several questions with regard to the importance of CVD risk factors. FINDINGS The leading responses for men and women were, respectively, high cholesterol (58.3; 72.3%), stress (58.8; 71.8%), hypertension (50; 64.2%), smoking (53.1; 58.7%), obesity (46.8; 64.3%), diabetes (41.7; 52.7%), inactivity (43.3; 47.8%), and CVD in family history (31.8; 44.4%). Unhealthy diet (9.7; 15.3%), exposure to second-hand cigarette smoking (24.4; 34%), and poor socioeconomic status (22.6; 22.3%) were also considered to be important. The study also revealed that men disregard the risk factors more frequently. Another comparison between body mass index groups revealed that obese subjects gave significantly lower importance to cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Observations indicate that awareness levels of CVD risk factors have to be improved among university students. It is emphasized that primary healthcare workers are very important in the screening of CVD risk factors in an opportunistic and systematic way and in providing consultancy on changing risky behaviors (diet, smoking, etc.). Therefore, it is of utmost importance that primary healthcare workers make interventions to reduce the risk level by determining the CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Esra Güneş
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nural Bekiroglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Imeryuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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58
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Plavsic L, Knezevic OM, Sovtic A, Minic P, Vukovic R, Mazibrada I, Stanojlovic O, Hrncic D, Rasic-Markovic A, Macut D. Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:294-300. [PMID: 31386826 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic biomarkers, hormonal parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Adolescent girls with obesity (n = 44, aged 13-19 years) were randomized into a 12-week intervention as follows: (i) dietary advice and HIIT (n = 22), and (ii) dietary advice only (n = 22). The concentration of biomarkers of inflammation, biochemical and hormonal testing, oral glucose tolerance test, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, and nutrition were assessed. After a 3-month intervention, the diet+HIIT group significantly increased insulin sensitivity index (-0.34 ± 1.52 vs. 1.05 ± 3.21; p = 0.001) and work load (0.6 ± 11.3 W vs. 14.6 ± 20.2 W; p = 0.024) and decreased glucose area under the curve (-0.29 ± 4.69 vs. -0.98 ± 4.06; p = 0.040), insulin area under the curve (-9.65 ± 117.9 vs. -98.7 ± 201.8; p = 0.003), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (0.12 ± 1.92 mg/L vs. -1.47 ± 3.67 mg/L; p = 0.039) in comparison with the diet group. Regarding within-group changes, both groups had significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), BMI-standard deviation score, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure. Positive impact on waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP, work load, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate was observed only after the diet+HIIT intervention. No significant change was noted in peak oxygen uptake, lipid profile, and hormonal parameters between groups after intervention. Novelty HIIT and nutrition advice increased insulin sensitivity and decreased BMI, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Nutrition advice decreased BMI, body fat, and systolic blood pressure in adolescent girls with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Plavsic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Sovtic
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Minic
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rade Vukovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilijana Mazibrada
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoja Dakica 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrncic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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59
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Wang ML, Otis M, Rosal MC, Griecci CF, Lemon SC. Reducing sugary drink intake through youth empowerment: results from a pilot-site randomized study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:58. [PMID: 31362753 PMCID: PMC6668134 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacious strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among youth are needed. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community-based youth empowerment intervention to reduce SSB consumption and obesity risk among a low-income, ethnically diverse sample of youth. METHODS The H2GO! intervention was pilot-tested in an afterschool setting (Boys and Girls Clubs (BGC)) in Massachusetts, USA. One site was randomized to receive the intervention; the other site received standard programming. Youth ages 9-12 years and their parents/caregivers were eligible to participate. A total of N = 110 parent-child pairs (N = 55 parent-child pairs per site) were recruited. The 6-week intervention consisted of group-based weekly sessions delivered by trained BGC staff and youth-led activities that engaged parents. Child outcomes included self-reported SSB and water intake and measured body mass index z scores (zBMI). Parent outcomes included self-reported SSB and water intake, SSB purchasing, and availability of SSBs at home. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate intervention effects over time. RESULTS The final analytic study sample consisted of 100 child participants (38% Black, 20% Hispanic, 13% White, 12% Multiracial, 11% Asian) and 87 parent participants (78.2% female; 78.2% reporting eligibility for the free-or-reduced price lunch program). 6-month retention rates were ≥ 82%. Intervention attendance rates among intervention child participants (N = 51) averaged 78.1% (SD = 10.3). Over half (56.0%) of child participants were overweight or obese at baseline. Relative to the comparison site, intervention site child participants had decreased SSB intake (β = - 1.64; 95% CI: 2.52, - 0.76), increased water intake (β = 1.31; 95% CI: 0.38, 2.23), and decreased zBMI (- 0.23 units; 95% CI: - 0.31, - 0.14) over 6 months (p < 0.001). Intervention parent participants also reported decreased SSB intake (β = - 1.76; 95% CI: - 2.56, - 0.96) and increased water intake (β = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.40) than comparison parent participants at 6 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the potential of a youth empowerment intervention on reducing SSB intake and zBMI among a diverse sample. Findings will guide a larger cluster-randomized controlled trial to test intervention efficacy on preventing childhood obesity, as well as inform future interventions that aim to target additional diet and physical activity behaviors through youth empowerment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02890056 . Registered 31 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 4th floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Marisa Otis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 4th floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Department of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Christina F. Griecci
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Stephenie C. Lemon
- Department of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
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Iqbal MJ, Butt MS, Saeed I, Suleria HA. Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pizza Dough-base Enriched with Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extracts. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180427161658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Changing lifestyles have paved the way towards various physiological dysfunctions.
Phytochemicals derived from spices are being widely utilized in diet from ancient times to
fight against these physiological dysfunctions owing to their therapeutic potential and high pharmacological
activities.
Methods:
Methods: The current investigation was an attempt to explore the antioxidant potential, physicochemical,
and sensory properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa) enriched pizza base that was developed by
using conventional and supercritical extracts.
Results:
It was observed that the texture of product becomes harder during storage from 4.36±0.16 to
4.71±0.17 kg force. Nonetheless, supercritical extract pizza base got better hedonic scores compared
to other treatments. Antioxidant potential of pizza base enriched with supercritical extracts (Total
Phenolic Content 108.08±4.88 mg GAE/100g) was also better than control and conventional solvent
extract enriched treatment as 63.24±3.03 and 95.34±3.66 mg GAE/100g, respectively.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, the results depicted that pizza base containing supercritical extract exhibited
superior physiochemical, hedonic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad J. Iqbal
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood S. Butt
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Boomhower SR, Newland MC. d-Amphetamine and methylmercury exposure during adolescence alters sensitivity to monoamine uptake inhibitors in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 2019; 72:61-73. [PMID: 30769003 PMCID: PMC6527454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental neurotoxicant, and adolescent administration of d-amphetamine (d-AMP) disrupt dopamine neurotransmission and alter voluntary behavior in adult rodents. We determined the impact of adolescent exposure to MeHg and d-AMP on monoamine neurotransmission in mice by assessing sensitivity to acute d-AMP, desipramine, and clomipramine, drugs that target dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin reuptake, respectively. Male C57Bl/6n mice were given 0 (control) or 3 ppm MeHg via drinking water from postnatal day 21 to 60 (murine adolescence). Within each group, mice were given once-daily injections of d-AMP or saline (i.p.) from postnatal day 28 to 42. This exposure regimen produced four treatment groups (n = 10-12/group): control, d-AMP, MeHg, and d-AMP + MeHg. As adults, the mice lever pressed under fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement (FR 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120). Acute i.p. injections of d-AMP (.3-1.7 mg/kg), desipramine (5.6-30 mg/kg), and clomipramine (5.6-30 mg/kg) were administered in adulthood after a stable behavioral baseline was established. Adolescent MeHg exposure increased saturation rate and minimum response time, an effect that was mitigated by chronic administration of d-AMP in adolescence. In unexposed mice, the three monoamine reuptake inhibitors had separable behavioral effects. Adolescent d-AMP increased sensitivity to acute d-AMP, desipramine, and clomipramine. Adolescent MeHg exposure alone did not alter drug sensitivity. Combined adolescent d-AMP + MeHg exposure enhanced sensitivity to acute d-AMP's and desipramine's effects on minimum response time. Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental period during which exposure to chemicals can have lasting effects on monoamine function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Boomhower
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Bldg 1, Boston, MA, United States.
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Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, Bloomgarden ZT, Fonseca VA, Garber AJ, Grunberger G, Guerin CK, Bell DSH, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Wyne K, Smith D, Brinton EA, Fazio S, Davidson M. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Endocr Pract 2019; 23:1-87. [PMID: 28437620 DOI: 10.4158/ep171764.appgl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of these guidelines is mandated by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) Board of Trustees and adheres with published AACE protocols for the standardized production of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). METHODS Recommendations are based on diligent reviews of the clinical evidence with transparent incorporation of subjective factors, according to established AACE/ACE guidelines for guidelines protocols. RESULTS The Executive Summary of this document contains 87 recommendations of which 45 are Grade A (51.7%), 18 are Grade B (20.7%), 15 are Grade C (17.2%), and 9 (10.3%) are Grade D. These detailed, evidence-based recommendations allow for nuance-based clinical decision-making that addresses multiple aspects of real-world medical care. The evidence base presented in the subsequent Appendix provides relevant supporting information for Executive Summary Recommendations. This update contains 695 citations of which 203 (29.2 %) are EL 1 (strong), 137 (19.7%) are EL 2 (intermediate), 119 (17.1%) are EL 3 (weak), and 236 (34.0%) are EL 4 (no clinical evidence). CONCLUSION This CPG is a practical tool that endocrinologists, other health care professionals, health-related organizations, and regulatory bodies can use to reduce the risks and consequences of dyslipidemia. It provides guidance on screening, risk assessment, and treatment recommendations for a range of individuals with various lipid disorders. The recommendations emphasize the importance of treating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in some individuals to lower goals than previously endorsed and support the measurement of coronary artery calcium scores and inflammatory markers to help stratify risk. Special consideration is given to individuals with diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia, women, and youth with dyslipidemia. Both clinical and cost-effectiveness data are provided to support treatment decisions. ABBREVIATIONS 4S = Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study A1C = glycated hemoglobin AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists AAP = American Academy of Pediatrics ACC = American College of Cardiology ACE = American College of Endocrinology ACS = acute coronary syndrome ADMIT = Arterial Disease Multiple Intervention Trial ADVENT = Assessment of Diabetes Control and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Niaspan Trial AFCAPS/TexCAPS = Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study AHA = American Heart Association AHRQ = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AIM-HIGH = Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides trial ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ATP = Adult Treatment Panel apo = apolipoprotein BEL = best evidence level BIP = Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention trial BMI = body mass index CABG = coronary artery bypass graft CAC = coronary artery calcification CARDS = Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study CDP = Coronary Drug Project trial CI = confidence interval CIMT = carotid intimal media thickness CKD = chronic kidney disease CPG(s) = clinical practice guideline(s) CRP = C-reactive protein CTT = Cholesterol Treatment Trialists CV = cerebrovascular CVA = cerebrovascular accident EL = evidence level FH = familial hypercholesterolemia FIELD = Secondary Endpoints from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes trial FOURIER = Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk trial HATS = HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HeFH = heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia HHS = Helsinki Heart Study HIV = human immunodeficiency virus HoFH = homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia HPS = Heart Protection Study HPS2-THRIVE = Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events trial HR = hazard ratio HRT = hormone replacement therapy hsCRP = high-sensitivity CRP IMPROVE-IT = Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial IRAS = Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study JUPITER = Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol Lp-PLA2 = lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 MACE = major cardiovascular events MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis MetS = metabolic syndrome MI = myocardial infarction MRFIT = Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial NCEP = National Cholesterol Education Program NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Post CABG = Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft trial PROSPER = Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk trial QALY = quality-adjusted life-year ROC = receiver-operator characteristic SOC = standard of care SHARP = Study of Heart and Renal Protection T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus TG = triglycerides TNT = Treating to New Targets trial VA-HIT = Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial VLDL-C = very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol WHI = Women's Health Initiative.
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Towner EK, Robson SM, Stark LJ. Secondary Impact of a Behavioral Intervention on Dietary Quality in Preschoolers with Obesity. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2019; 48:75-89. [PMID: 30828123 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2018.1463532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Towner
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 6135 Woodward Avenue H206, Detroit, MI 48202.
| | - Shannon M Robson
- Department of Behavioral Health & Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 308 McDowell Hall, Newark, DE 19716.
| | - Lori J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
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Chu L, Timmons BW. Nutritional Considerations for Sport Participation in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:129-137. [PMID: 30800016 PMCID: PMC6378498 DOI: 10.1177/1559827617751684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of children with obesity who are participating in sports. Appropriate nutritional considerations are important to optimize health and training adaptations. This review focuses on macronutrient recommendations and their effect on weight management and/or benefits for athletic training for children ages 5 to 18 years. Equal distribution of protein intake throughout the day (~25-30 g/meal) and during postexercise recovery is recommended. Special attention should be given to increasing protein intake during breakfast because it is often the meal with the least protein intake. Both postexercise recommendations for protein (~0.3 g/kg of body weight) and carbohydrate (~1.0-1.2 g/kg/h) were not determined in children with obesity, and require future verification. Individual carbohydrate needs of training to meet fuel costs are recommended, but ~200 to 500 g/day of carbohydrate may be required depending on a child's level of sport participation and competition. Fat intake should follow general recommendations to meet the accepted macronutrient distribution range in children (25% to 35%) and reduce saturated fat intake. No evidence suggests that additional dietary fat modifications would improve training adaptations in children. Longitudinal studies are required to further our understanding of age and sex effects and confirm the appropriate quantity of macronutrients for active children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chu
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Druker S, Meleo-Meyer F, Frisard C, Crawford S, Pbert L. Beneficial Effects of School-based Mindfulness Training On Impulsivity in Healthy Adolescents: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Explore (NY) 2019; 15:160-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Robson SM, Ziegler ML, McCullough MB, Stough CO, Zion C, Simon SL, Ittenbach RF, Stark LJ. Changes in diet quality and home food environment in preschool children following weight management. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:16. [PMID: 30717746 PMCID: PMC6360745 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family-based obesity treatment interventions can successfully reduce energy intake in preschoolers. An implicit goal of obesity treatment interventions is to improve diet quality, but diet quality has been less examined as a treatment outcome in studies of preschoolers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis comparing the change in diet quality and home food environment in preschoolers assigned to a behavioral family-based obesity intervention (LAUNCH), motivational interviewing (MI) condition, or standard care (STC) condition. Methods Three 24-h dietary recalls were completed at baseline and 6-months and were analyzed using NDS-R software; diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Availability of foods and beverages in the home was assessed through direct observation using the Home Health Environment tool that classifies foods and beverages as ‘red’ or ‘green’ based upon fat and sugar content. Repeated measures linear mixed effects models were used to examine changes in diet quality and home food environment between conditions (LAUNCH, MI, STC). Results At 6-months, preschoolers in the LAUNCH condition had a higher HEI-2010 total score (62.8 ± 13.7) compared to preschoolers in the MI (54.7 ± 13.4, P = 0.022) and STC (55.8 ± 11.6, P = 0.046) conditions. Regarding the home food environment, families in LAUNCH had significantly less ‘red’ foods in their home at 6-months (12.5 ± 3.4 ‘red’ foods) compared to families in MI (14.0 ± 3.7 ‘red’ foods, P = 0.030), and STC (14.3 ± 3.4 ‘red’ foods, P = 0.006). There were no statistically significant differences across home food environments for number of ‘green’ foods. Conclusion Family-based obesity treatment interventions for preschoolers can improve overall diet quality and alter the home food environment through reductions in ‘red’ foods. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01546727. Registered March 7, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Robson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, 26 N College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Melissa L Ziegler
- Biostatistics Core, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Mary Beth McCullough
- Psychology Department, Suffolk University, 73 Tremont Street, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Cathleen Odar Stough
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 47 W Corry Blvd Edwards 1 Bldg Suite 4130, P.O. Box 210376, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Cynthia Zion
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 E 16th Ave B395 Aurora, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 5041, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lori J Stark
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Masoomi H, Taheri M, Irandoust K, H’Mida C, Chtourou H. The relationship of breakfast and snack foods with cognitive and academic performance and physical activity levels of adolescent students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1566994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Masoomi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Cyrine H’Mida
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique: Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisie
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Conesa M, Llauradó E, Aceves-Martins M, Moriña D, de Solà-Morales O, Giralt M, Tarro L, Solà R. Cost-Effectiveness of the EdAl (Educació en Alimentació) Program: A Primary School-Based Study to Prevent Childhood Obesity. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:477-481. [PMID: 30058612 PMCID: PMC6242786 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cost-effectiveness of childhood obesity prevention interventions is critical for their sustained implementation. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the Educació en Alimentació (EdAl) program, a school-based intervention for reducing obesity. Methods Total EdAl program implementation costs and per-child costs were estimated. Cost-effectiveness, defined using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), was estimated as the difference between the intervention and control group costs divided by the obesity-related outcome effects for boys (avoided cases of obesity, obesity prevalence, body mass index [BMI], and BMI z-score units) for each group. As a significant difference (4.39%) in the reduction of obesity prevalence between the intervention and control groups was observed for boys in the EdAl program, the data were calculated only for boys. Results The intervention cost was 24,246.53 € for 1,550 children (15.64 €/child/3 years) or 5.21 €/child/year. The ICERs/boy were 968.66 € to avoid one case of obesity, 3.6 € to reduce the obesity prevalence by 1%, 44.68 € to decrease BMI by one unit, and 65.16 € to reduce the BMI z-score by one unit. Conclusions The cost of reducing the obesity prevalence in boys by 4.39% was 5.21 €/child/year, half the cost proposed by the Spanish Health Ministry, indicating that the EdAl program is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Conesa
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion
| | - Magaly Aceves-Martins
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion
| | - David Moriña
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC - I&I), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| | - Oriol de Solà-Morales
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Health Institute for Technology Transfer (HITT)
| | - Montse Giralt
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Unit of Pharmacobiology, Health Education and Promotion
| | - Lucia Tarro
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus
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Panera N, Barbaro B, Della Corte C, Mosca A, Nobili V, Alisi A. A review of the pathogenic and therapeutic role of nutrition in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res 2018; 58:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dello Russo M, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Eiben G, Hebestreit A, Kourides Y, Lissner L, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Pala V, Veidebaum T, Siani A, Russo P. The Impact of Adding Sugars to Milk and Fruit on Adiposity and Diet Quality in Children: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS) Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1350. [PMID: 30248889 PMCID: PMC6213151 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar, particularly as free sugars or sugar-sweetened beverages, significantly contributes to total energy intake, and, possibly, to increased body weight. Excessive consumption may be considered as a proxy of poor diet quality. However, no previous studies evaluated the association between the habit of adding sugars to "healthy" foods, such as plain milk and fresh fruit, and indicators of adiposity and/or dietary quality in children. To answer to these research questions, we Panalysed the European cohort of children participating in the IDEFICS study. Anthropometric variables, frequency of consumption of sugars added to milk and fruit (SAMF), and scores of adherence to healthy dietary pattern (HDAS) were assessed at baseline in 9829 children stratified according to age and sex. From this cohort, 6929 children were investigated again after two years follow-up. At baseline, a direct association between SAMF categories and adiposity indexes was observed only in children aged 6⁻<10 years, while the lower frequency of SAMF consumption was significantly associated with a higher HDAS. At the two year follow-up, children with higher baseline SAMF consumption showed significantly higher increases in all the anthropometric variables measured, with the exception of girls 6⁻<10 years old. The inverse association between SAMF categories and HDAS was still present at the two years follow-up in all age and sex groups. Our results suggest that the habit to adding sugars to foods that are commonly perceived as healthy may impact the adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and increase in adiposity risk as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, 54128 Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Yannis Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 2040 Strovolos, Cyprus.
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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Ali Z, Abizari AR. Ramadan fasting alters food patterns, dietary diversity and body weight among Ghanaian adolescents. Nutr J 2018; 17:75. [PMID: 30098591 PMCID: PMC6086999 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan is a monthlong fast for healthy adolescents and adult Muslims. The quality of foods eaten and eating patterns in Ramadan may be different from other months of the year. Food intake of adolescents is a concern as energy and nutrient requirements are higher and needed to support the growth spurt of this stage. The objective of the present study was to describe the food patterns, dietary diversity and body weight changes among adolescents during Ramadan. METHODS A prospective cohort study design with four measurement points (baseline, midline, endline and post endline) was conducted among 366 adolescents in Junior High Schools. Food pattern was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, a 24-h dietary recall was used to assess dietary diversity and body weight was measured using an electronic scale. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare changes in dietary diversity scores (DDS) and weight of pupils. RESULTS Half of the pupils (50.3%) were female and average age was 15.9 ± 1.8 years. Pupils fasted for an average of 28.3 ± 4.0 days and 14.3 ± 0.5 h a day (dawn to dusk) during Ramadan. The number and types of dishes taken at meal times differed substantially between Ramadan periods and outside Ramadan. Consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and milk and milk products increased markedly during Ramadan. However, fasting came with a reduction in consumption of foods from roots and tubers, legumes and nuts, and dark green leafy vegetables while other food groups remained unchanged. Mean DDS increased significantly during Ramadan (F (2.933, 1070.573) = 7.152, p < 0.001) while mean daily meal frequency decreased (F (2.936, 1071.623) = 51.653, p < 0.001). There was significant body weight loss (-1.5 kg (95% CI: -1.1 kg to -1.6 kg)) among adolescents (F (2.656, 958.95) = 304.90, p < 0.001). Weight loss was short-lived; regained one month after Ramadan. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study among schooling Ghanaian adolescents who fast during Ramadan, fasting was characterised by marked changes in usual food patterns, increased dietary diversity and significant body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakari Ali
- grid.442305.4Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P O Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Razak Abizari
- grid.442305.4Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P O Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
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Deon V, Del Bo' C, Guaraldi F, Abello F, Belviso S, Porrini M, Riso P, Guardamagna O. Effect of hazelnut on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1193-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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VanFrank BK, Park S, Foltz JL, McGuire LC, Harris DM. Physician Characteristics Associated With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Counseling Practices. Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:1365-1374. [PMID: 27956472 PMCID: PMC5612916 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116680472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Frequent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with chronic disease. Although physician counseling can positively affect patient behavior, physicians' personal characteristics may influence counseling practices. We explored SSB-related topics physicians discuss when counseling overweight/obese patients and examined associations between physicians' SSB-related counseling practices and their personal and medical practice characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING DocStyles survey, 2014. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1510 practicing US physicians. MEASURES Physician's SSB counseling on calories, added sugars, obesity/weight gain, health effects, consumption frequency, water substitution, and referral. ANALYSIS Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated with multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for physician's personal and medical practice characteristics. RESULTS Most physicians (98.5%) reported SSB-related counseling. The most reported topic was obesity/weight gain (81.4%); the least reported were added sugars (53.1%) and referral (35.0%). Physicians in adult-focused specialties had lower odds than pediatricians of counseling on several topics (aOR range: 0.26-0.64). Outpatient physicians had higher odds than inpatient physicians of counseling on consumption frequency and water substitution (aOR range: 1.60-2.01). Physicians consuming SSBs ≥1 time/day (15.7%) had lower odds than nonconsumers of counseling on most topics (aOR range: 0.58-0.68). CONCLUSION Most physicians reported SSB-related counseling; obesity/weight gain was discussed most frequently. Counseling opportunities remain in other topic areas. Opportunities also exist to strengthen SSB counseling practices in adult-focused specialties, inpatient settings, and among physicians who consume SSBs daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna K. VanFrank
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Foltz
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, USA
| | - Lisa C. McGuire
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane M. Harris
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Champ M. Devrions-nous manger plus de céréales complètes ? CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Druker S, Frisard C, Dunsiger SI, Crawford S, Meleo-Meyer F, Bock B, Pbert L. Integrating mindfulness training in school health education to promote healthy behaviors in adolescents: Feasibility and preliminary effects on exercise and dietary habits. Prev Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29527459 PMCID: PMC5840835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether mindfulness training (MT) could improve healthy behaviors is unknown. This study sought to determine feasibility and acceptability of integrating MT into school-based health education (primary outcomes) and to explore its possible effects on healthy behaviors (exploratory outcomes). Two high schools in Massachusetts (2014–2015) were randomized to health education plus MT (HE-MT) (one session/week for 8 weeks) or to health education plus attention control (HE-AC). Dietary habits (24-h dietary recalls) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA/7-day recalls) were assessed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and 6 months thereafter. Quantile regression and linear mixed models were used, respectively, to estimate effects on MVPA and dietary outcomes adjusting for confounders. We recruited 53 9th graders (30 HEM, 23 HEAC; average age 14.5, 60% white, 59% female). Retention was 100% (EOT) and 96% (6 months); attendance was 96% (both conditions), with moderate-to-high satisfaction ratings. Among students with higher MVPA at baseline, MVPA was higher in HE-MT vs. HE-AC at both EOT (median difference = 81 min/week, p = 0.005) and at 6 months (p = 0.004). Among males, median MVPA was higher (median difference = 99 min/week) in HE-MT vs. HEAC at both EOT (p = 0.056) and at 6 months (p = 0.04). No differences were noted in dietary habits. In sum, integrating school-based MT into health education was feasible and acceptable and had promising effects on MVPA among male and more active adolescents. These findings suggest that MT may improve healthy behaviors in adolescents and deserve to be reproduced in larger, rigorous studies. Integrating mindfulness training into high school health education is feasible. The program is scalable because health education is commonly taught in US schools. Larger studies are needed to establish its efficacy on health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Druker
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
| | | | - Shira I Dunsiger
- The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States
| | - Sybil Crawford
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
| | | | - Beth Bock
- The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States
| | - Lori Pbert
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
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da Silva SGL, Terreri MT, Abad TTO, Machado D, Fonseca FLA, Hix S, Suano-Souza FI, Sarni ROS, Len CA. The effect of nutritional intervention on the lipid profile and dietary intake of adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, controlled trial. Lupus 2018; 27:820-827. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317751851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S G L da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M T Terreri
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T T O Abad
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D Machado
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F L A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, School of Medicine of ABC and Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Hix
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, School of Medicine of ABC (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC), SP, Brazil
| | - F I Suano-Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R O S Sarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Len
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Braun HA, Kay CM, Cheung P, Weiss PS, Gazmararian JA. Impact of an Elementary School-Based Intervention on Physical Activity Time and Aerobic Capacity, Georgia, 2013-2014. Public Health Rep 2017; 132:24S-32S. [PMID: 29136482 DOI: 10.1177/0033354917719701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the impact of a 1-year elementary school physical activity intervention on changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and (2) assess the relationship between these changes and changes in student aerobic capacity. METHODS HealthMPowers, a nonprofit organization, provided a multicomponent physical activity intervention to 3479 students in 39 schools in Georgia during 2013-2014. HealthMPowers administered a survey to faculty members before (August 2013) and after (May 2014) the intervention to measure student physical activity times. The organization collected pre- and post-intervention Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) laps (a measure of aerobic capacity that awards 1 lap for each completed 20-meter lap) for 2342 fourth-grade students. We performed linear regression to determine the relationship between school-level changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and student aerobic capacity. RESULTS The weekly estimated teacher-reported time in physical activity increased by 39 minutes from pre- to post-intervention: 21 minutes for recess, 17 minutes for classroom, and 1 minute for physical education. The mean number of student PACER laps increased by 3 laps from pre- to post-intervention, and 1515 of 2342 (65%) students increased the number of PACER laps completed. We observed a positive association between school-level changes in school-based physical activity time and school-level changes in PACER laps ( r = 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.46). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need for more prospective research into multicomponent physical activity interventions. Rigorous testing, including randomized controlled trials of large-scale implementations, is needed to examine how these school-based interventions might be used to improve the physical activity and fitness of larger populations of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A Braun
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Patricia Cheung
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Reply to the comment to our article titled: «Association of metabolic syndrome with low birth weight of birth, intake hypercaloric diets and acanthosis nigricans in childhood and teens with overweight and obesity». ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:568-569. [PMID: 29179858 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Barrett-Williams SL, Franks P, Kay C, Meyer A, Cornett K, Mosier B. Bridging Public Health and Education: Results of a School-Based Physical Activity Program to Increase Student Fitness. Public Health Rep 2017; 132:81S-87S. [PMID: 29136492 DOI: 10.1177/0033354917726328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Power Up for 30 (PU30) is a schoolwide intervention that encourages schools to provide an additional 30 minutes of physical activity during the school day, beyond physical education. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PU30 on Georgia public elementary schools and their students. METHODS A total of 719 of 1320 public elementary schools in Georgia that were sent a baseline survey about school physical activity during October 2013 to September 2014 completed the survey, 160 of which were asked to complete a second survey. In the interim (March to June 2015), half (80) of these schools implemented the PU30 program. The interim surveys, which were completed during March to June 2015, assessed opportunities for student physical activity and staff member professional development focused on student physical activity. RESULTS Compared with schools that had not implemented the program, more schools using the PU30 program reported offering before- and after-school physical activity programs. Forty-four of 78 (57%) PU30 schools compared with 20 of 53 (38%) non-PU30 schools offered before-school physical activity programs. Likewise, more PU30 schools than non-PU30 schools offered after-school physical activity programs (35% vs 16%), and a greater proportion of students at PU30 schools compared with non-PU30 schools met fitness benchmarks: recess 5 days per week (91% [288 of 323] vs 80% [273 of 341]), offering ≥11 minutes per day of classroom-based physical activity (39% [53 of 136] vs 25% [47 of 189] for kindergarten through second grade; 20% [37 of 187] vs 6% [9 of 152] for grades 3 through 5), and receiving physical activity-related professional development time (42% [136 of 323] vs 14% [48 of 341]). CONCLUSIONS The surveys provided a statewide picture of the physical activity opportunities offered to students and staff members in Georgia elementary schools and demonstrated the effective use of a comprehensive, multicomponent program to offer more school-based physical activity opportunities and to improve student fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Cornett
- 2 Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Mosier
- 3 Department of Sport Management, Wellness, and Physical Education, College of Education, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA
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Collese TS, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, de Moraes ACF, Rendo-Urteaga T, Bel-Serrat S, Moreno LA, Carvalho HB. Role of fruits and vegetables in adolescent cardiovascular health: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:339-349. [PMID: 28475799 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Levels of fruit and vegetable consumption are low among adolescents, and the possible effect of this on cardiovascular health in this age group is undefined. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the potential role of fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescent cardiovascular health. Data Sources Six electronic databases (BioMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO) were searched from database inception to December 2015. Study Selection The search strategy used the following sets of descriptors: adolescents; fruits and vegetables; cardiovascular risk indicators; cross-sectional and cohort studies. Data Extraction Potentially eligible articles were selected independently by 2 reviewers. Results Eleven articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included (10 cross-sectional, 1 cohort). The main reasons for study exclusion (n = 71) were misclassification of individuals as adolescents, an unspecified outcome that was incongruent with the definitions provided, and assessment of fruits and vegetables as part of a food pattern. Articles evaluated fruit and vegetable intake (separately, together, only vegetables, or with fruit juice) in diverse units, using food frequency questionnaires, 24-hour dietary recalls, and food records. One-third of the studies showed significant inverse associations of fruit and vegetable intake with systolic blood pressure, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions The associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and indicators of cardiovascular risk in adolescents are inconsistent, likely because of heterogeneity in the methods used to assess and classify consumption and to define cardiovascular risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sadalla Collese
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tara Rendo-Urteaga
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis A Moreno
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Mortality rates among children with CHD have significantly declined, although the incidence of neurological abnormalities and neurodevelopmental impairment has increased. Research has focussed on outcomes, with limited attention on prevention and intervention. Although some developmental differences and challenges seen in children with CHD are explained by the cumulative effect of medical complications associated with CHD, many sequelae are not easily explained by medical complications alone. Although cardiac intensive care is lifesaving, it creates high levels of environmental and tactile stimulation, which potentially contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The therapeutic method of individualised developmental care, such as the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program, provides early support and preventive intervention based on each child's behavioural signals of stress, comfort, and strength. Implementing developmental care practices in a cardiac ICU requires a thoughtful and well-planned approach to ensure successful adoption of practice changes. This paper reviews how developmental care was introduced in a paediatric inpatient cardiac service through multidisciplinary collaborative staff education, clinician support, child neurodevelopment assessment, parent support, and research initiatives. Given the known risk for children with CHD, cardiac medical professionals must shift their focus to not only assuring the child's survival but also optimising development through individualised developmental care in the cardiac ICU.
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Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a fish protein isolate in the nutrition of children under 36 months of age. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2819-2826. [PMID: 28805177 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700163x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a fish protein isolate (FPi), administered over 6 months, on the growth of children aged 6-36 months, measured by Z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ), compared with the standard meal without FPi; and to determine the safety and acceptability of FPi daily consumption. DESIGN Cluster-randomized community-based controlled trial. For 6 months, the centres received either FPi replacing 50 % of total proteins in the diet or standard protein. HAZ and WHZ were used to determine the effect on growth. Acceptability was determined by daily consumption, measured by weighing the servings before and after consumption. SETTING Day care centres and community nutritional centres in northern Lima, Peru. SUBJECTS Children (n 441) aged 6-36 months. RESULTS Four centres were randomized to the intervention with FPi, five centres were randomized to the standard control diet. More than 36 900 meals were prepared and administered in a supervised manner. Both groups received the same amounts of energy and proteins daily (proteins about 12-15 % of total energy). Growth of children who received the FPi diet was similar to that of children with the standard diet. Consumption was similar in the FPi and control groups (70 v. 80 % of amount offered, respectively). The protein was safe and well tolerated. No adverse events were reported. However, the cost of the intervention with FPi was 20-40 % lower v. the standard diet with animal protein derived from beef, chicken, eggs or liver. CONCLUSIONS The FPi was well accepted and there was no significant difference in growth between both groups. FPi is a potential source of animal protein at lower cost.
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Lassi ZS, Mansoor T, Salam RA, Bhutta SZ, Das JK, Bhutta ZA. Review of nutrition guidelines relevant for adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1393:51-60. [PMID: 28436099 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The economic and social well-being of any country will one day depend on its current adolescent population. To provide a good foundation for healthy adolescent development, healthy diet, along with physical activity and adequate nutrients, is necessary. Therefore, addressing the nutrition needs of adolescents could be an important step toward breaking the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition, chronic diseases, and poverty. These problems could be addressed with timely recognition and appropriately delivered interventions. Our aim here is to review the existing guidelines on various aspects of nutrition interventions for adolescents and young women. We review all of the major existing guidelines on adolescent nutrition. We were able to find 18 guideline bodies that covered some form of nutritional advice in guidelines that targeted adolescents. Although the guidelines that focus specifically on this age group are limited in scope, we also extrapolated recommendations from guidelines focused on adults, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women, which were based on evidence that included populations of adolescent girls. We were able to extract and synthesize specific directives for nutrition in adolescents, macro- and micronutrient supplementation, exercise, obesity, and nutrition during preconception, pregnancy, and the postconception period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra S Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarab Mansoor
- Division of Women and Child Health, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Division of Women and Child Health, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shereen Z Bhutta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Division of Women and Child Health, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Division of Women and Child Health, Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Centre for Global Child Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Beck AL, Heyman M, Chao C, Wojcicki J. Full fat milk consumption protects against severe childhood obesity in Latinos. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:1-5. [PMID: 28856083 PMCID: PMC5552381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of non- or low-fat dairy products is recommended as a strategy to lower the risk of childhood obesity. However, recent evidence suggests that consumption of whole fat dairy products may, in fact, be protective against obesity. Our objective was to determine the association between milk fat consumption and severe obesity among three-year-old Latino children, a population with a disproportionate burden of obesity and severe obesity. 24-hour-dietary recalls were conducted to determine child intake in San Francisco based cohort recruited in 2006–7. Mother-child dyads were weighed and measured. The 24-hour recall data was analyzed to determine participants' consumption of whole milk, 2% milk, and 1% milk. The milk consumption data was used to calculate grams of milk fat consumed. The cross-sectional association between milk fat intake and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 99th percentile) was determined using multivariable logistic regression. Data were available for 145 children, of whom 17% were severely obese. Severely obese children had a lower mean intake of milk fat (5.3 g vs. 8.9 g) and fewer drank any milk (79% versus 95% for not severely obese children (p < 0.01)). Among the potential confounders assessed, maternal BMI and maternal marital status were associated with severe obesity and were included in a multivariate model. In the multivariate model, higher milk fat consumption was associated with lower odds of severe obesity (OR 0.88 CI 0.80–0.97). Higher milk fat consumption is associated with lower odds of severe obesity among Latino preschoolers. These results call into question recommendations that promote consumption of lower fat milk. Current guidelines recommend that children consume low-fat milk. Prior literature suggests that full fat milk may protect against obesity. We evaluated how milk fat consumption relates to weight in Latino children. We found that milk fat consumption was protective against severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Beck
- University of California San Francisco, 3333 California St. Suite 245, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94118, United States
| | - Melvin Heyman
- University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street 5th Floor, Mail Stop 0136, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Cewin Chao
- University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Janet Wojcicki
- University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street 5th Floor, Mail Stop 0136, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
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Holmberg Fagerlund B, Helseth S, Owe J, Glavin K. Counselling parents on young children's healthy diet: A modified scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:4039-4052. [PMID: 28543936 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To map and describe key information in existing research about counselling of parents of children aged 0-2 years on the child's healthy diet in preventive healthcare settings, particularly in public health nursing. BACKGROUND Many parents are likely to be concerned with their infant's food-related happiness "here and now," disregarding the child's long-term health and development related to feeding practices. Hence, a focus on counselling parents in considering young children's healthy diet is important. DESIGN A modified scoping review with an inductive qualitative content analysis of selected empirical studies. METHODS Systematic searches in EMBASE (1996-2015 Week 46), Ovid Nursing Database (1946-2015 November Week 1), Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid OLDMEDLINE (2000-18 November 2015) and CINAHL (2000-22 December 2015), using search terms based on aims. RESULTS Eight included studies, with participants per sample ranging from 19->500. Research designs were focus group discussions and/or interview study (n = 2), cluster-randomised trials (n = 2), randomised controlled trials (n = 2), a follow-up interview study (n = 1) to a previous randomised controlled trial and a cross-sectional electronic questionnaire study (n = 1). The studies included a total sample of 2,025 participants, 42 of them in interview studies. Findings indicate parents' perceptions of inconsistency, misconceptions and uncertainty related to the recommendations on child feeding from the authorities. Thus, adapted advice could impact healthier child diet. Maternal knowledge on child feeding and reduced use of food as a reward are mediators for improved diet quality in children. CONCLUSIONS Counselling on young children's healthy diet should be anticipatory, consistent and adapted to the family. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Due to inconsistent recommendations and omitted focus on anticipatory counselling on child feeding, parents might perceive pressure and uncertainty related to the child's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Holmberg Fagerlund
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Owe
- Department of Nursing, Diakonova University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Glavin
- Department of Nursing, Diakonova University College, Oslo, Norway
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86
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Vos MB, Kaar JL, Welsh JA, Van Horn LV, Feig DI, Anderson CAM, Patel MJ, Cruz Munos J, Krebs NF, Xanthakos SA, Johnson RK. Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e1017-e1034. [PMID: 27550974 PMCID: PMC5365373 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors are leading causes of preventable diseases globally. Added sugars contribute to a diet that is energy dense but nutrient poor and increase risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity-related cancers, and dental caries. METHODS AND RESULTS For this American Heart Association scientific statement, the writing group reviewed and graded the current scientific evidence for studies examining the cardiovascular health effects of added sugars on children. The available literature was subdivided into 5 broad subareas: effects on blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Associations between added sugars and increased cardiovascular disease risk factors among US children are present at levels far below current consumption levels. Strong evidence supports the association of added sugars with increased cardiovascular disease risk in children through increased energy intake, increased adiposity, and dyslipidemia. The committee found that it is reasonable to recommend that children consume ≤25 g (100 cal or ≈6 teaspoons) of added sugars per day and to avoid added sugars for children <2 years of age. Although added sugars most likely can be safely consumed in low amounts as part of a healthy diet, few children achieve such levels, making this an important public health target.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nondairy beverages are advertised as a healthy alternative to cow's milk. There is an increased availability and consumption of nondairy beverages and a decrease in consumption of cow's milk. The aim of the present study is to review and compare the contents and nutritional value of nondairy beverages to cow's milk. METHODS Information about the nondairy beverages on the shelves at stores in Buffalo, New York was collected. The Web pages of several manufacturers were assessed for product contents. The nutrient contents including the protein quality of the nondairy beverages and cow's milk were compared. The nutrient contents of nondairy beverages and cow's milk were also compared to recommended dietary allowance or adequate intake for toddlers and young children. RESULTS Commonly available nondairy beverages are derived from almond, cashew, coconut, hazelnut, hemp, oat, rice, and soy. Cow's milk has higher protein content and quality compared with most of these products. It was noted that most of these beverages are fortified with calcium and vitamin D. The bioavailability of these substances after fortification is, however, not available. CONCLUSIONS Nondairy milk beverages vary in their nutritional profiles. These should not be considered nutritional substitutes for cow's milk until nutrient quality and bioavailability are established.
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88
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Lappe JM, McMahon DJ, Laughlin A, Hanson C, Desmangles JC, Begley M, Schwartz M. The effect of increasing dairy calcium intake of adolescent girls on changes in body fat and weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1046-1053. [PMID: 28298396 PMCID: PMC5402032 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight is epidemic in adolescents and is a major concern because it tracks into adulthood. Evidence supports the efficacy of high-calcium, high-dairy diets in achieving healthy weight in adults. However, no randomized controlled trials of the effect of dairy food on weight and body fat in adolescents have been reported to our knowledge.Objective: The aim was to determine whether increasing calcium intake to recommended amounts with dairy foods in adolescent girls with habitually low calcium intakes would decrease body fat gain compared with girls who continued their low calcium intake. Participants had above-the-median body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2).Design: We enrolled 274 healthy postmenarcheal 13- to 14-y-old overweight girls who had calcium intakes of ≤600 mg/d in a 12-mo randomized controlled trial. Girls were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 groups within each of 3 BMI percentiles: 50th to <70th, 70th to <85th, and 85th to <98th. The assignments were 1) dairy, which included low-fat milk or yogurt servings providing ≥1200 mg Ca/d or 2) control, which included the usual diet of ≤600 mg Ca/d.Results: We failed to detect a statistically significant difference between groups in percentage of body fat gain over 12 mo (mean ± SEM: dairy 0.40% ± 0.53% > control; P < 0.45). The effect of the intervention did not differ by BMI percentile stratum. There was no difference in weight change between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Our findings that the dairy group gained body fat similar to the control group provide no support for dairy food as a stratagem to decrease body fat or weight gain in overweight adolescent girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01066806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE; .,College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Donald J McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ann Laughlin
- College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
| | | | - Margaret Begley
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
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89
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Boomhower SR, Newland MC. Effects of adolescent exposure to methylmercury and d-amphetamine on reversal learning and an extradimensional shift in male mice. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:64-73. [PMID: 28287789 PMCID: PMC5367946 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is associated with the continued maturation of dopamine neurotransmission and is implicated in the etiology of many psychiatric illnesses. Adolescent exposure to neurotoxicants that distort dopamine neurotransmission, such as methylmercury (MeHg), may modify the effects of chronic d-amphetamine (d-AMP) administration on reversal learning and attentional-set shifting. Male C57Bl/6n mice were randomly assigned to two MeHg-exposure groups (0 ppm and 3 ppm) and two d-AMP-exposure groups (saline and 1 mg/kg/day), producing four treatment groups (n = 10-12/group): control, MeHg, d-AMP, and MeHg + d-AMP. MeHg exposure (via drinking water) spanned postnatal days 21-59 (the murine adolescent period), and once daily intraperitoneal injections of d-AMP or saline spanned postnatal days 28-42. As adults, mice were trained on a spatial-discrimination-reversal (SDR) task in which the spatial location of a lever press predicted reinforcement. Following 2 SDRs, a visual-discrimination task (extradimensional shift) was instated in which the presence of a stimulus light above a lever predicted reinforcement. Responding was modeled using a logistic function, which estimated the rate (slope) of a behavioral transition and trials required to complete half a transition (half-max). MeHg, d-AMP, and MeHg + d-AMP exposure increased estimates of half-max on the second reversal. MeHg exposure increased half-max and decreased the slope term following the extradimensional shift, but these effects did not occur following MeHg + d-AMP exposure. MeHg + d-AMP exposure produced more perseverative errors and omissions following a reversal. Adolescent exposure to MeHg can modify the behavioral effects of chronic d-AMP administration. (PsycINFO Database Record
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90
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Rampersaud GC, Valim MF. 100% citrus juice: Nutritional contribution, dietary benefits, and association with anthropometric measures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:129-140. [PMID: 25831042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.862611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus juices such as 100% orange (OJ) and grapefruit juice (GJ) are commonly consumed throughout the world. This review examines the contributions of OJ and GJ to nutrient intake, diet quality, and fruit intake, and supports citrus juices as nutrient-dense beverages. This review also explores the research examining associations between OJ and GJ intake and anthropometric measures. Citrus juices are excellent sources of vitamin C and contribute other key nutrients such as potassium, folate, magnesium, and vitamin A. OJ intake has been associated with better diet quality in children and adults. OJ intake has not been associated with adverse effects on weight or other body measures in observational studies in children and adults. In adults, some observational studies report more favorable body mass index or body measure parameters in OJ consumers compared to nonconsumers. Intervention studies in adults report no negative impacts of OJ or GJ consumption on anthropometric measures, although these measures were typically not the primary outcomes examined in the studies. Moderate consumption of citrus juices may provide meaningful nutritional and dietary benefits and do not appear to negatively impact body weight, body composition, or other anthropometric measures in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail C Rampersaud
- a Food Science and Human Nutrition Department , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
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91
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Nutritional adequacy of diets for adolescents with overweight and obesity: considerations for dietetic practice. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:646-651. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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92
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Asociación del síndrome metabólico con bajo peso al nacimiento, consumo de dietas hipercalóricas y acantosis nigricans en escolares y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2017; 64:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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93
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Eidson-Ton WS. Health Care of the Adolescent. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and by 2012, more than one third of American children were overweight or obese. As a result, increasingly, children are developing complications of obesity including liver disease. In fact, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease seen in children today. Recently, there has been a burgeoning literature examining the pathogenesis, genetic markers, and role of the microbiome in this disease. On the clinical front, new modalities of diagnosing hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis are being developed to provide non-invasive methods of surveillance in children. Lastly, the mainstay of treatment of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been largely through lifestyle interventions, namely, dieting and exercise. Currently, there are a number of clinical trials examining novel lifestyle and drug therapies for NAFLD that are registered with the US National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov website.
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95
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Mudryj AN, Aukema HM, Fieldhouse P, Yu BN. Nutrient and Food Group Intakes of Manitoba Children and Youth: A Population-Based Analysis by Pulse and Soy Consumption Status. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2016; 77:189-194. [PMID: 27744734 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2016-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor eating habits among children are associated with negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to use pulse/soy consumption as an indicator to evaluate the eating profile of young Manitobans. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 were used for analysis and restricted to Manitoba residents aged 2 to 18 years (n = 1840). Consumers were identified as individuals who reported eating at least 1 pulse/soy product during their recall. On any given day, 8.2% of Manitobans reported consumption of pulses/soy. Intakes of fibre, protein, magnesium, and zinc were higher in consumers only when expressed relative to total caloric intake. Consumers also reported increased intakes of meat and alternatives. Total intakes of vitamin D, fibre, and fruit and vegetable consumption were low among all groups. Sodium intakes in both groups were high when compared with levels recommended by health professionals. These results indicate that there are many dietary issues affecting Manitoba children, suggesting the need for more research targeting dietary habits of children and youth, the quality of the food supply, and effective strategies in nutrition education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana N Mudryj
- a Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Harold M Aukema
- a Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Paul Fieldhouse
- a Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
- b Manitoba Healthy Living, Seniors and Consumer Affairs, Winnipeg, MB
| | - B Nancy Yu
- a Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
- b Manitoba Healthy Living, Seniors and Consumer Affairs, Winnipeg, MB
- c Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
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96
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Wang ML, Lemon SC, Clausen K, Whyte J, Rosal MC. Design and methods for a community-based intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among youth: H 2GO! study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1150. [PMID: 27829397 PMCID: PMC5103444 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is an important dietary target among underserved children at high risk for obesity and associated morbidities. Community-based approaches to reduce SSB intake are needed. The use of narrative-based approaches (presenting messages within the context of a story) can facilitate connection with target health messages and empower children as behavior change agents within their families. The H2GO! program is a community-based behavioral intervention that integrates narrative-based strategies to reduce SSB consumption and promote water intake among school-age youth and parents. Methods Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory and the Social Ecological Model, the H2GO! intervention consists of 6 weekly sessions that target beverage knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors through youth-produced messages and narratives to reduce SSB intake and encourage water intake and parent–child activities. To reach underserved youth and families, we identified Boys & Girls Clubs (B&GC) (youth-based community centers that serve an ethnically diverse and predominantly low socioeconomic status population) as a community partner and study setting. Participants (children ages 9–12 years and their parents) will be recruited from B&GC sites in Massachusetts, USA. Intervention efficacy will be assessed through a site-randomized trial (N = 2 youth-based community sites, pair-matched for size and racial/ethnic composition) with 54 parent–child pairs (N = 108) enrolled per site (N = 216 total). The comparison site will carry on with usual practice. Child and parental SSB and water consumption (primary outcomes) and parent and child beverage knowledge and attitudes (secondary outcomes) will be measured via self-report surveys. Additional outcomes include children’s anthropometric data, additional dietary behaviors, and physical activity. Measures will be collected at baseline, 2 and 6 months follow-up. With an estimated 20 % dropout rate, the study will have 80 % power to detect a group difference of 3.9 servings of SSBs per week. Discussion Community-based approaches hold potential for decreasing SSB consumption among youth and families, particularly among underserved populations who are at greater obesity risk. This article describes the design and methods of a community-based behavioral intervention designed to reduce SSB consumption among youth and parents/caregivers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02890056. Date of Registration: August 31, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 4th floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- UMass Worcester Prevention Research Center, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Julie Whyte
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Center 4th floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- UMass Worcester Prevention Research Center, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Hearst MO, Harnack LJ, Wang Q, Nanney MS. Dietary Quality of Diverse, Rural Adolescents Using the Healthy Eating Index - 2010. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2016; 3:519-527. [PMID: 30271808 PMCID: PMC6161826 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.3.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report baseline dietary intake using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) - 2010 in rural, diverse adolescents from Minnesota. METHODS In 2013-2014, 9th-10th graders who reported eating breakfast less than 3 or fewer times per week were recruited from 16 rural schools. Data included computer-based survey results, measured height and weight, and 24-hour dietary recalls. Schools provided student data on free/reduced meal status. The HEI-2010 was calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls. Regression models assessed demographic differences in HEI-2010. RESULTS The sample mean HEI-2010 score was 52 out of 100 (N = 732 adolescents). Boys (mean HEI-2010=50.1) were statistically significantly lower than girls (mean HEI-2010=53.4). There was no significant difference by free/reduced price lunch or white versus students of color. CONCLUSION Rural adolescent breakfast skippers report poor dietary intake quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O Hearst
- Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Lisa J Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marilyn S Nanney
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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98
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Corkins MR, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD, Golden NH, Kim JH, Magge SN, Schwarzenberg SJ. Nutrition in Children and Adolescents. Med Clin North Am 2016; 100:1217-1235. [PMID: 27745591 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is a critical factor for appropriate child and adolescent development. Appropriate nutrition changes according to age. Nutrition is an important element for prevention of disease development, especially for chronic diseases. Many children and adolescents live in environments that do not promote optimum nutrition. Families must work to provide improved food environments to encourage optimum nutrition. Early primordial prevention of risk factors for chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, is important, and dietary habits established early may be carried through adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Corkins
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 49 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B065, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Preventive Cardiology Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard University Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neville H Golden
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jae H Kim
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship, Supporting Premature Infant Nutrition Program, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California San Diego Health, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center for Translational Science, Patient and Clinical Interactions (formerly CRC), CTSI, Children's National Health System, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Pediatric Ambulatory Services East Building, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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99
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Haller DM, Pfarrwaller E, Cerutti B, Gaspoz JM. Primary care interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk behaviours in adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011936. [PMID: 27798001 PMCID: PMC5073488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-compromising behaviours are often acquired in adolescence. Alongside broader public health interventions, preventive interventions within primary care have the potential to encourage long-lasting behaviour change by tailoring messages to each individual. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of primary care interventions in reducing the 3 main cardiovascular risk behaviours (smoking, low physical activity and unhealthy diet) in adolescents aged 10-19 years. It is also to identify successful initiatives and ingredients for such success that could be replicated in primary care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The following databases will be searched for articles published between January 1990 and December 2016: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN registry. Our search will focus on randomised and cluster randomised controlled trials of interventions conducted in primary care practices to reduce the 3 main cardiovascular risk behaviours in adolescents aged 10-19 years, compared with active (information leaflet, etc) or passive (usual care, etc) control conditions. The primary outcomes will be smoking, physical activity and diet, measured either objectively or by self-report. Secondary outcomes such as body mass index or insulin resistance will also be examined. 2 reviewers will independently screen articles, extract relevant data and assess study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis will be considered if the number of studies is sufficient and outcomes are sufficiently homogeneous. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria will be used to assess the quality of the evidence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will add to our knowledge on the prevention of cardiovascular disease early in life and these findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42016028045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar M Haller
- Primary Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eva Pfarrwaller
- Primary Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School Health Service, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Cerutti
- Faculty of Medicine, UDREM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Gaspoz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Primary Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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100
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Howard G, Safford MM, Moy CS, Howard VJ, Kleindorfer DO, Unverzagt FW, Soliman EZ, Flaherty ML, McClure LA, Lackland DT, Wadley VG, Pulley L, Cushman M. Racial Differences in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Black and White Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:83-90. [PMID: 27666895 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, or race-related disparities in incidence, across the age spectrum in adults. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort. SETTING National sample. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling black and white adults recruited between 2003 and 2007. MEASUREMENTS Incident hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation over 10 years of follow-up in 10,801 adults, stratified according to age (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75). RESULTS There was no evidence (P ≥ .68) of an age-related difference in the incidence of hypertension for white men (average incidence 38%), black men (48%), or black women (54%), although for white women incidence increased with age (45-54, 27%; ≥75, 40%). Incidence of diabetes mellitus was lower at older ages for white men (45-54, 15%; ≥75, 8%), black men (45-54, 29%; ≥75, 13%), and white women (45-54, 11%; ≥75, 4%), although there was no evidence (P = .11) of age-related changes for black women (average incidence 21%). For dyslipidemia, incidence for all race-sex groups was approximately 20% for aged 45 to 54 but approximately 30% for aged 54 to 64 and 65 to 74 and approximately 22% for aged 75 and older. Incidence of atrial fibrillation was low at age 45 to 54 (<5%) but for aged 75 and older was approximately 20% for whites and 11% for blacks. The incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia was higher in blacks across the age spectrum but lower for atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION Incidence of risk factors remains high in older adults. Blacks have a higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia after age 45, underscoring the ongoing importance of prevention of all three conditions in mid- to later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Monika M Safford
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Claudia S Moy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel T Lackland
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - LeaVonne Pulley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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