51
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Santhanam L, Liu G, Jandu S, Su W, Wodu BP, Savage W, Poe A, Liu X, Alexander LM, Cao X, Wan M. Skeleton-secreted PDGF-BB mediates arterial stiffening. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e147116. [PMID: 34437300 PMCID: PMC8516464 DOI: 10.1172/jci147116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence links osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here we identify skeleton-secreted platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as a key mediator of arterial stiffening in response to aging and metabolic stress. Aged mice and those fed high-fat diet (HFD), relative to young mice and those fed normal chow food diet, respectively, had higher serum PDGF-BB and developed bone loss and arterial stiffening. Bone/bone marrow preosteoclasts in aged mice and HFD mice secrete an excessive amount of PDGF-BB, contributing to the elevated PDGF-BB in blood circulation. Conditioned medium prepared from preosteoclasts stimulated proliferation and migration of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Conditional transgenic mice, in which PDGF-BB is overexpressed in preosteoclasts, had 3-fold higher serum PDGF-BB concentration and developed simultaneous bone loss and arterial stiffening spontaneously at a young age. Conversely, in conditional knockout mice, in which PDGF-BB is deleted selectively in preosteoclasts, HFD did not affect serum PDGF-BB concentration; as a result, HFD-induced bone loss and arterial stiffening were attenuated. These studies confirm that preosteoclasts are a main source of excessive PDGF-BB in blood circulation during aging and metabolic stress and establish the role of skeleton-derived PDGF-BB as an important mediator of vascular stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sandeep Jandu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bulouere P. Wodu
- Department of Biotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Savage
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan Poe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lacy M. Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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52
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Climent E, Oliveras A, Pedro-Botet J, Goday A, Benaiges D. Bariatric Surgery and Hypertension. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184049. [PMID: 34575161 PMCID: PMC8467380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A clear pathogenetic association exists between obesity and arterial hypertension, becoming even more evident in subjects with severe obesity. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the most effective treatment for severe obesity, with its benefits going beyond weight loss. The present review aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on arterial hypertension evident in short- and long-term follow-ups. Moreover, the differences between surgical techniques regarding hypertension remission are described as well as the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. In addition, the effects of bariatric surgery beyond blood pressure normalization are also analyzed, including those on target organs and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Climent
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (J.P.-B.); (A.G.)
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08139 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Oliveras
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Area of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (J.P.-B.); (A.G.)
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08139 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (J.P.-B.); (A.G.)
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08139 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBERobn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Benaiges
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (J.P.-B.); (A.G.)
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08139 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorci Sanitari de l’Alt Penedès i Garraf, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-248-3902; Fax: +34-93-248-3254
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53
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De Clerck EEB, Schouten JSAG, Berendschot TTJM, Goezinne F, Liesenborghs I, Dagnelie PC, Schaper NC, Kroon AA, Henry RMA, Reesink KD, Schram MT, Stehouwer CDA, Webers CAB. Vascular risk factors for optical coherence tomography-detected macular cysts: The Maastricht Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e860-e868. [PMID: 33258290 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether higher blood pressure and greater arterial stiffness are associated with the presence of macular cysts and whether this association is already present in the absence of micro-aneurysms in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), we performed a macular volume scan in 2647 individuals (mean age 60 ± 8 years, 50% men, 27% type 2 diabetes). The association between macular cysts and 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid distensibility was assessed by use of logistic regression. RESULTS Twenty-four hours systolic blood pressure was associated with the presence of macular cysts [OR = 1.03 (95% CI 1.00-1.05) per 1 mmHg, p = 0.03]. 24 hr pulse pressure [OR = 1.61 (95% CI 1.11-2.34) per 10 mmHg, p = 0.01] and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [OR = 1.16 (95% CI 1.02-1.32) per 1 m/s, p = 0.02] were associated with macular cysts, while carotid distensibility was not [OR = 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.11) per 1.0*10-3 /kPa, p = 0.45]. Associations were similar in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and were already present in the absence of micro-aneurysms. CONCLUSION Twenty-four hours systolic blood pressure, 24 hr pulse pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity are associated with the presence of OCT-detected macular cysts in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of micro-aneurysms. Therefore, blood pressure and aortic stiffness are potential factors contributing to macular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E. B. De Clerck
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jan S. A. G. Schouten
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Tos T. J. M. Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Goezinne
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Liesenborghs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. Dagnelie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C. Schaper
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Abraham A. Kroon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. A. Henry
- Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Miranda T. Schram
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Center Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A. B. Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
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54
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Brinkley TE, Leng I, Bailey MJ, Houston DK, Hugenschmidt CE, Nicklas BJ, Hundley WG. Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Proximal Aortic Stiffness in Older Adults With Obesity. Circulation 2021; 144:684-693. [PMID: 34333991 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may accelerate age-related increases in aortic stiffness. Although aerobic exercise training generally has favorable effects on aortic structure and function, exercise alone may not be sufficient to improve aortic stiffness in older adults with obesity. We determined the effects of aerobic exercise training with and without moderate- to high-caloric restriction (CR) on the structure and function of the proximal aorta in 160 older (65-79 years) men and women with obesity (body mass index=30-45 kg/m2). METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: aerobic exercise training only (treadmill 4 days/week for 30 minutes at 65% to 70% of heart rate reserve; n=56), aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (n=55), or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (n=49) for 20 weeks. Aortic pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, and other measures of aortic structure and function were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson correlation coefficients were examined to assess associations between changes in proximal aortic stiffness and changes in fitness, fatness, and other potential confounders. RESULTS Weight loss in the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (-8.0 kg [95% CI, -9.17 to -6.87]) and aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (-8.98 kg [95% CI, -10.23 to -7.73) groups was significantly greater compared with the aerobic exercise training-only group (-1.66 kg [95% CI, -2.94 to -0.38]; P<0.017 for both). There were significant treatment effects for descending aorta distensibility (P=0.008) and strain (P=0.004) and aortic arch pulse wave velocity (P=0.01) with the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR group having a 21% increase in distensibility (P=0.016) and an 8% decrease in pulse wave velocity (P=0.058). None of the aortic stiffness measures changed significantly in the aerobic exercise training-only or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR groups, and there were no significant changes in any other measure of aortic structure or function in these groups. Overall, increases in aortic distensibility were correlated with improvements in body weight and body fat distribution, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS In older adults with obesity, combining aerobic exercise with moderate CR leads to greater improvements in proximal aortic stiffness than exercise alone. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01048736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.E.B., D.K.H., C.E.H., B.J.N.)
| | - Iris Leng
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science (I.L.)
| | - Margie J Bailey
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center (M.J.B.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.E.B., D.K.H., C.E.H., B.J.N.)
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.E.B., D.K.H., C.E.H., B.J.N.)
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine (T.E.B., D.K.H., C.E.H., B.J.N.)
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (W.G.H.)
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55
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Reho JJ, Guo DF, Beyer AM, Wegman-Points L, Pierce GL, Rahmouni K. Vascular effects of disrupting endothelial mTORC1 signaling in obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R228-R237. [PMID: 34189960 PMCID: PMC8409911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00113.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling complex is emerging as a critical regulator of cardiovascular function with alterations in this pathway implicated in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we used animal models and human tissues to examine the role of vascular mTORC1 signaling in the endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. In mice, obesity induced by high-fat/high-sucrose diet feeding for ∼2 mo resulted in aortic endothelial dysfunction without appreciable changes in vascular mTORC1 signaling. On the other hand, chronic high-fat diet feeding (45% or 60% kcal: ∼9 mo) in mice resulted in endothelial dysfunction associated with elevated vascular mTORC1 signaling. Endothelial cells and visceral adipose vessels isolated from obese humans display a trend toward elevated mTORC1 signaling. Surprisingly, genetic disruption of endothelial mTORC1 signaling through constitutive or tamoxifen inducible deletion of endothelial Raptor (critical subunit of mTORC1) did not prevent or rescue the endothelial dysfunction associated with high-fat diet feeding in mice. Endothelial mTORC1 deficiency also failed to reverse the endothelial dysfunction evoked by a high-fat/high-sucrose diet in mice. Taken together, these data show increased vascular mTORC1 signaling in obesity, but this vascular mTORC1 activation appears not to be required for the development of endothelial impairment in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Reho
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
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56
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Ramirez-Perez FI, Woodford ML, Morales-Quinones M, Grunewald ZI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Yoshida T, Brenner DA, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Chandrasekar B, Padilla J. Mutation of the 5'-untranslated region stem-loop mRNA structure reduces type I collagen deposition and arterial stiffness in male obese mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H435-H445. [PMID: 34242094 PMCID: PMC8526337 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00076.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffening, a characteristic feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, no effective prophylaxis or therapeutics is available to prevent or treat arterial stiffening. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening is vital to identify newer targets and strategies to reduce CVD burden. A major contributor to arterial stiffening is increased collagen deposition. In the 5'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding for type I collagen, an evolutionally conserved stem-loop (SL) structure plays an essential role in its stability and post-transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that feeding a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 28 wk increases adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in male wild-type littermates. Moreover, arterial stiffness, assessed in vivo via aortic pulse wave velocity, and ex vivo using atomic force microscopy in aortic explants or pressure myography in isolated femoral and mesenteric arteries, was also increased in those mice. Notably, all these indices of arterial stiffness, along with collagen type I levels in the vasculature, were reduced in HFHS-fed mice harboring a mutation in the 5'SL structure, relative to wild-type littermates. This protective vascular phenotype in 5'SL-mutant mice did not associate with a reduction in insulin resistance or blood pressure. These findings implicate the 5'SL structure as a putative therapeutic target to prevent or reverse arterial stiffening and CVD associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the 5'-untranslated (UTR) regions of mRNAs encoding for type I collagen, an evolutionally conserved SL structure plays an essential role in its stability and posttranscriptional regulation. We demonstrate that a mutation of the SL mRNA structure in the 5'-UTR decreases collagen type I deposition and arterial stiffness in obese mice. Targeting this evolutionarily conserved SL structure may hold promise in the management of arterial stiffening and CVD associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David A Brenner
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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57
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Zimmerman B, Rypma B, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Age-related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13796. [PMID: 33728712 PMCID: PMC8244108 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging includes changes in cellular biology that affect local interactions between cells and their environments and eventually propagate to systemic levels. In the brain, where neurons critically depend on an efficient and dynamic supply of oxygen and glucose, age-related changes in the complex interaction between the brain parenchyma and the cerebrovasculature have effects on health and functioning that negatively impact cognition and play a role in pathology. Thus, cerebrovascular health is considered one of the main mechanisms by which a healthy lifestyle, such as habitual cardiorespiratory exercise and a healthful diet, could lead to improved cognitive outcomes with aging. This review aims at detailing how the physiology of the cerebral vascular system changes with age and how these changes lead to differential trajectories of cognitive maintenance or decline. This provides a framework for generating specific mechanistic hypotheses about the efficacy of proposed interventions and lifestyle covariates that contribute to enhanced cognitive well-being. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature for human cognitive neuroscience research and propose directions for future experiments aimed at investigating age-related changes in the relationship between physiology and cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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58
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Ogola BO, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Harris NR, Gentry KL, Gunda SS, Kilanowski-Doroh I, Wong TJ, Visniauskas B, Lawrence DJ, Zimmerman MA, Bayer CL, Groban L, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. Sex and the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Impact Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2021; 78:e1-e14. [PMID: 34024124 PMCID: PMC8192475 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard O. Ogola
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabrielle L. Clark
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caleb M. Abshire
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Kaylee L. Gentry
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shreya S. Gunda
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Tristen J. Wong
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dylan J. Lawrence
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn L. Bayer
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kristin S. Miller
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
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59
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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60
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Brunt VE, Casso AG, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Sapinsley ZJ, Ziemba BP, Clayton ZS, Bazzoni AE, VanDongen NS, Richey JJ, Hutton DA, Zigler MC, Neilson AP, Davy KP, Seals DR. Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Induces Aortic Stiffening and Increases Systolic Blood Pressure With Aging in Mice and Humans. Hypertension 2021; 78:499-511. [PMID: 33966451 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Abigail G Casso
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Zachary J Sapinsley
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Brian P Ziemba
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Amy E Bazzoni
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Nicholas S VanDongen
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - James J Richey
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - David A Hutton
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology (A.P.N.).,Now with Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis (A.P.N.)
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise (K.P.D.), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
| | - Douglas R Seals
- From the Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder (V.E.B., A.G.C., R.A.G.-R., Z.J.S., B.P.Z., Z.S.C., A.E.B., N.S.V., J.J.R., D.A.H., M.C.Z., D.R.S.)
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61
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Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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62
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Hsiao CS, Hsiao SH, Ho YH. Correlation between left atrial expansion index and stroke subtype: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Echocardiography 2021; 38:861-870. [PMID: 33929760 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although left atrial (LA) expansion index predicts cardiovascular events, its efficacy for predicting cerebral events is unknown. METHODS This study enrolled 2205 patients who had sinus rhythm after echocardiography in their first visit. LA expansion index was calculated as (Volmax -Volmin ) x100%/Volmin , where Volmax was defined as maximal LA volume and Volmin as minimal LA volume. The study endpoint was ischemic stroke. Stroke subtype was classified as cardioembolic stroke (CE), noncardioembolic stroke with determined mechanism (NCE), or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). RESULTS Over a 10-year (mean 9.7 years) follow-up period, 128 (5.8%) participants reached endpoint, including 46 with CE, 33 with NCE, and 49 with ESUS. Regardless of stroke subtype, LA expansion index was lower in the event groups compared to the nonevent group. The lowest quartile of LA expansion index was associated with high CHA2 DS2 -VASc score at enrollment and more events, including CE, ESUS, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, and all-cause mortality, relative to other quartiles. The LA expansion index was an independent predictor of CE (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.723-0.912, per 10% increase in LA expansion index; P < .0001) and ESUS (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.881-0.976, per 10% increase in LA expansion index; p 0.003). An LA expansion index <68% predicts the presence of AF after ESUS with 84% sensitivity and 70% specificity. CONCLUSION LA expansion index is useful for predicting CE and ESUS. It is also associated with AF, heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ying-Hao Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC
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63
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Wang Y, Gharahi H, Grobbel MR, Rao A, Roccabianca S, Baek S. Potential damage in pulmonary arterial hypertension: An experimental study of pressure-induced damage of pulmonary artery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:579-589. [PMID: 32589778 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. PAH prognosis remains poor with a 15% mortality rate within 1 year, even with modern clinical management. Previous clinical studies proposed wall shear stress (WSS) to be an important hemodynamic factor affecting cell mechanotransduction, growth and remodeling, and disease progress in PAH. However, WSS in vivo is typically at most 2.5 Pa and a doubt has been cast whether WSS alone can drive disease progress. Furthermore, our current understanding of PAH pathology largely comes from small animals' studies in which caliber enlargement, a hallmark of PAH in humans, is rarely reported. Therefore, a large-animal experiment on pulmonary arteries (PAs) is needed to validate whether increased pressure can induce enlargement of PAs caliber. In this study, we use an inflation testing device to characterize the mechanical behavior, both nonlinear elastic behavior and irreversible damage of porcine arteries. The parameters of elastic behavior are estimated from the inflation test at a low-pressure range before and after over-pressurization. Then, histological images are qualitatively examined for medial and adventitial layers. This study sheds light on the relevance of pressure-induced damage mechanism in human PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hamidreza Gharahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marissa R Grobbel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Roccabianca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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64
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Li J, Cui L, Zhang X, Hou J, Wang A, Wu Y, Huang J, Zhou J, Ma Y, Gao J, Wu S. Longitudinal Study of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate among Chinese Adults. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:266-274. [PMID: 33902026 DOI: 10.1159/000510611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies on the association between arterial stiffness and kidney function have generated inconsistent results. Whether arterial stiffness is linked to decline in renal function warrants further study. This study aimed to investigate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and longitudinal change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among Chinese adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, 8,264 participants in a community-based cohort had baPWV measured in 2010-2011 and were followed in subsequent surveys through to 2016. During each survey visit, fasting blood samples were collected for serum creatinine and eGFR was calculated. Participants were divided into 5 groups (Q1-Q5) by baPWV quintile. The association between baPWV and longitudinal changes in eGFR was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS A total of 8,045 participants were included in the final analysis. The average age was 54 ± 12 years (age range 24-97 years), and mean eGFR was 93.0 ± 18.6 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was an inverse linear association between baseline baPWV and eGFR change rate (p < 0.001). Compared with Q1 (lowest) group, the mean differences and 95% CI in eGFR decrease rate among Q2-Q5 groups were -0.23 (-0.62, 0.16), -0.67 (-1.06, -0.28), -1.11 (-1.50, -0.72), and -1.30 (-1.69, -0.92) mL/min/1.73 m2 per year, respectively, after adjustment for age, gender, and other potential confounders (p trend < 0.0001). For each 100 cm/s increase in baPWV at baseline, the fully adjusted mean difference in eGFR decrease rate was -0.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (95% CI -0.18, -0.10; p < 0.0001). Compared with participants with baPWV < 1,400 cm/s, the fully adjusted mean difference in eGFR decrease rate was -0.92 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (95% CI -1.18, -0.66) for those with baPWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Participants with a higher baPWV at baseline had a greater decrease in eGFR over time. Future studies could examine the relationship between baPWV and decline in renal function in higher risk cohorts, and its potential role in targeting reno-protective interventions to those who may benefit from them most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Liufu Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinhong Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Aitian Wang
- Department of Intensive medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinjie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingli Gao
- Department of Intensive medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Liu G, Wu F, Wu H, Wang Y, Jiang X, Hu P, Tong X. Inactivation of cysteine 674 in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 causes retinopathy in the mouse. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108559. [PMID: 33848522 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial microvascular complication, and its pathogenesis hasn't been fully elucidated. The irreversible oxidation of cysteine 674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was increased in the type 1 diabetic retinal vasculature. SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mouse line that half of C674 was replaced by serine 674 (S674) was used to study the effect of C674 inactivation on retinopathy. Compared with wild type (WT) mice, SKI mice had increased number of acellular capillaries and pericyte loss similar to those in type 1 diabetic WT mice. In the retina of SKI mice, pro-apoptotic proteins and intracellular Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways increased, while anti-apoptotic proteins and vessel density decreased. In endothelial cells, C674 inactivation increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, damaged mitochondria, and induced cell apoptosis. These results suggest that a possible mechanism of retinopathy induced by type 1 diabetes is the interruption of calcium homeostasis in the retina by oxidation of C674. C674 is a key to maintain retinal health. Its inactivation can cause retinopathy similar to type 1 diabetes by promoting apoptosis. SERCA2 might be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Fuhua Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Abstract
Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end-organ damage. Over the years, Dr Page modified his paradigm, and new concepts regarding oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, sodium homeostasis, and the microbiome have arisen that allow further refinements of the Mosaic Theory. A constant feature of this approach to understanding hypertension is that the various nodes are interdependent and that these almost certainly vary between experimental models and between individuals with hypertension. This review discusses these new concepts and provides an introduction to other reviews in this compendium of Circulation Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School
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67
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Heiston EM, Gilbertson NM, Eichner NZM, Malin SK. A Low-Calorie Diet with or without Exercise Reduces Postprandial Aortic Waveform in Females with Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:796-803. [PMID: 32925495 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arterial stiffness is considered a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Females have higher values of arterial stiffness than males, suggesting a greater risk of heart-related complications. Although a low-calorie diet (LCD) reduces fasting arterial stiffness, in part through weight loss, it is unknown if interval exercise (INT) adds to the benefit of LCD on fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness in females with obesity. METHODS Twenty-five females (47 ± 2.6 yr, 37.6 ± 1.3 kg·m-2) were randomized to 13 d of LCD (n = 12; mixed meals of ~1200 kcal·d-1) or LCD + INT (n = 13; 60 min·d-1 of supervised 3-min intervals at 90% HRpeak and 50% HRpeak). Arterial stiffness (augmentation index [AIx] and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and blood biochemistries were measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test before and after the intervention to determine fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness as well as insulin sensitivity (simple index of insulin sensitivity [SIIS]) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). RESULTS Although LCD + INT increased V˙O2peak and HDL compared with LCD (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively), both interventions decreased body fat, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (all P < 0.01) and increased SIIS (P = 0.03). Despite no effect on fasting AIx (P = 0.27), LCD and LCD + INT decreased AIx60min (-7.4% ± 4.3% vs -7.0% ± 5.0%, P = 0.04) and tAUC120min (-663 ± 263 vs -457 ± 406, P = 0.03). There were no changes in fasting cfPWV (P = 0.91) or cfPWV120min (P = 0.62). Increased SIIS and decreased interleukin 8 were associated with reduced fasting AIx (r = -0.44, P = 0.03, and r = 0.40, P = 0.055), whereas decreased C-reactive protein correlated with reduced postprandial AIx60min (r = 0.43, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Independent of exercise, 13 d of LCD reduces postprandial AIx in females with obesity. Insulin sensitivity and inflammation correlated with improved arterial stiffness, suggesting unique mechanisms regulate fasted versus postprandial arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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68
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Wexler Y, Avivi I, Barak Lanciano S, Haber Kaptsenel E, Bishara H, Palacci H, Chaiat C, Nussinovitch U. Familial tendency for hypertension is associated with increased vascular stiffness. J Hypertens 2021; 39:627-632. [PMID: 33186318 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death. New methods for early detection of hypertension and its consequences can reduce complications arising from uncontrolled hypertension. Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, has been recognized as a valuable tool in assessing risk for cardiovascular complications, although its use in clinical practice is currently limited. Here we examine whether brachial--ankle PWV (baPWV) and femoral--ankle PWV (faPWV) are elevated in nonhypertensive volunteers, with and without a history of familial hypertension. METHODS Volunteers were recruited and questioned as to their medical background and family history. Participants were divided into two groups based on history of familial hypertension and were measured for baPWV and faPWV. Carotid--femoral PWV was computed from these measurements. RESULTS A total of 82 healthy nonhypertensive volunteers (mean age 31.4 ± 9.6) were recruited. Among the study cohort, 43.7% had a history of familial hypertension. There were no between-group differences in any other clinical or demographic characteristics. Both baPWV and faPWV were significantly elevated in volunteers with a history of familial hypertension (10.86 ± 1.69 vs. 9.68 ± 1.52 m/s, P < 0.004, and 7.01 ± 1.65 vs. 6.28 ± 1.26 m/s, P < 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION Volunteers with a history of familial hypertension present with elevated baPWV and faPWV. This is suggestive of increased central and peripheral arterial stiffness in susceptible individuals before the onset of hypertension. Routine measurement of these parameters may allow for early intervention and risk stratification, especially in persons with a history of familial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Wexler
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Haifa
| | - Ishay Avivi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | | | | | - Hana Bishara
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Hagar Palacci
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Chen Chaiat
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Udi Nussinovitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
- Applicative Cardiovascular Research Center (ACRC) and Department of Cardiology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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69
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Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Naz H, Woodford ML, Ghiarone T, Aroor AR, Hulse JL, Cabral-Amador FJ, Martinez-Diaz V, Hans CP, Whaley-Connell A, Martinez-Lemus LA, Lastra G. Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Myeloid Cells Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Female Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:588358. [PMID: 33854438 PMCID: PMC8039313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.588358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling is critical to the development of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of MR-induced adipose tissue inflammation in the genesis of vascular dysfunction in women. In this study, we hypothesize that MR activation in myeloid cells contributes to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in females via increased pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophage polarization. Female mice lacking MR in myeloid cells (MyMRKO) were infused with Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. This was followed by determinations of aortic stiffness and vasomotor responses, as well as measurements of markers of inflammation and macrophage infiltration/polarization in different adipose tissue compartments. MyMRKO mice were protected against Ang II-induced aortic endothelial stiffening, as assessed via atomic force microscopy in aortic explants, and vasorelaxation dysfunction, as measured by aortic wire myography. In alignment, MyMRKO mice were protected against Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT). Collectively, this study demonstrates a critical role of MR activation in myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in females associated with pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in VAT and tPVAT. Our data have potential clinical implications for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in women, who are disproportionally at higher risk for poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Huma Naz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jack L Hulse
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Vanesa Martinez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chetan P Hans
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Guido Lastra
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
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70
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Wu O, Leng JH, Yang FF, Zhang H, Zhang XY, Li JJ, Lu X. The paradox of the role of resistin in early-onset obesity hypertension: A comparative study among four Chinese adult subgroups. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:385-391. [PMID: 33749466 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1883049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of resistin in the onset and development of obesity-related hypertension.Methods: Resistin serum levels were tested by ELISA in 153 adult subjects among four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), diastolic blood pressure (DB), and other clinical laboratory data were collected. Following, correlations between research index and differences between groups were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Serum resistin levels statistically significantly negatively correlated with SB, DB and BMI, but statistically significantly positively correlated with serum creatinine (SCR) and serum albumin (ALB), even after adjustment for age and/or gender. The serum level of resistin in the normal healthy subject group (NH) was higher than in other groups.Conclusions: Resistin's role in the onset of obesity-related hypertension may be more important than what has been previously assumed. More pathway substances in the early onset of obesity-related hypertension should be tested.Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; GGT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALB, Albumin; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; LDL, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; HDLC, High density lipoprotein cholesterol; FA Fructosamine; SCR, serum creatinine; IB, Indirect bilirubin; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; CB, Conjugated bilirubin; UREA, Urea; Ua, Uric acid; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, Total cholesterol; TB, Total bilirubin; TP, Total protein; TC/HDLC, TC/HDLC ratio; SB, systolic blood pressure; DB, diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fen Fang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yu Zhang
- Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jia Jia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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71
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Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031003. [PMID: 33808927 PMCID: PMC8003613 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.
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72
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The Progress of Advanced Ultrasonography in Assessing Aortic Stiffness and the Application Discrepancy between Humans and Rodents. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030454. [PMID: 33800855 PMCID: PMC8001300 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffening is a fundamental pathological alteration of atherosclerosis and other various aging-associated vascular diseases, and it is also an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography is a critical non-invasive method widely used in assessing aortic structure, function, and hemodynamics in humans, playing a crucial role in predicting the pathogenesis and adverse outcomes of vascular diseases. However, its applications in rodent models remain relatively limited, hindering the progress of the research. Here, we summarized the progress of the advanced ultrasonographic techniques applied in evaluating aortic stiffness. With multiple illustrative images, we mainly characterized various ultrasound techniques in assessing aortic stiffness based on the alterations of aortic structure, hemodynamics, and tissue motion. We also discussed the discrepancy of their applications in humans and rodents and explored the potential optimized strategies in the experimental research with animal models. This updated information would help to better understand the nature of ultrasound techniques and provide a valuable prospect for their applications in assessing aortic stiffness in basic science research, particularly with small animals.
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73
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Horton WB, Jahn LA, Hartline LM, Aylor KW, Patrie JT, Barrett EJ. Insulin increases central aortic stiffness in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans: A randomized four-arm study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021; 18:14791641211011009. [PMID: 33908285 PMCID: PMC8481749 DOI: 10.1177/14791641211011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults. RESULTS Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p = 0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p > 0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p = 0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p = 0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p = 0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p = 0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia acutely increased cfPWV, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in healthy humans, perhaps reflecting enhanced sympathetic tone. Whether repeated bouts of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia contribute to chronically-enhanced arterial stiffness remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Horton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- William B Horton, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Box 800136; Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Linda A Jahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lee M Hartline
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James T Patrie
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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74
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Barroso WKS, Rodrigues CIS, Bortolotto LA, Mota-Gomes MA, Brandão AA, Feitosa ADDM, Machado CA, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, Amodeo C, Mion Júnior D, Barbosa ECD, Nobre F, Guimarães ICB, Vilela-Martin JF, Yugar-Toledo JC, Magalhães MEC, Neves MFT, Jardim PCBV, Miranda RD, Póvoa RMDS, Fuchs SC, Alessi A, Lucena AJGD, Avezum A, Sousa ALL, Pio-Abreu A, Sposito AC, Pierin AMG, Paiva AMGD, Spinelli ACDS, Nogueira ADR, Dinamarco N, Eibel B, Forjaz CLDM, Zanini CRDO, Souza CBD, Souza DDSMD, Nilson EAF, Costa EFDA, Freitas EVD, Duarte EDR, Muxfeldt ES, Lima Júnior E, Campana EMG, Cesarino EJ, Marques F, Argenta F, Consolim-Colombo FM, Baptista FS, Almeida FAD, Borelli FADO, Fuchs FD, Plavnik FL, Salles GF, Feitosa GS, Silva GVD, Guerra GM, Moreno Júnior H, Finimundi HC, Back IDC, Oliveira Filho JBD, Gemelli JR, Mill JG, Ribeiro JM, Lotaif LAD, Costa LSD, Magalhães LBNC, Drager LF, Martin LC, Scala LCN, Almeida MQ, Gowdak MMG, Klein MRST, Malachias MVB, Kuschnir MCC, Pinheiro ME, Borba MHED, Moreira Filho O, Passarelli Júnior O, Coelho OR, Vitorino PVDO, Ribeiro Junior RM, Esporcatte R, Franco R, Pedrosa R, Mulinari RA, Paula RBD, Okawa RTP, Rosa RF, Amaral SLD, Ferreira-Filho SR, Kaiser SE, Jardim TDSV, Guimarães V, Koch VH, Oigman W, Nadruz W. Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:516-658. [PMID: 33909761 PMCID: PMC9949730 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso
- Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
- Liga de Hipertensão Arterial , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
| | - Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo , Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde , Sorocaba , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Andréa Araujo Brandão
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Celso Amodeo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Décio Mion Júnior
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Nobre
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
- Hospital São Francisco , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Eliane Campos Magalhães
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Mário Fritsch Toros Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Sandra C Fuchs
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
| | | | | | - Alvaro Avezum
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
- Liga de Hipertensão Arterial , Goiânia , GO - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Eibel
- Instituto de Cardiologia , Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Caxias do Sul , RS - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabete Viana de Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Departamento de Cardiogeriatria da Sociedade Brazileira de Cardiologia , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Emilton Lima Júnior
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC/UFPR), Curitiba , PR - Brasil
| | - Erika Maria Gonçalves Campana
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Evandro José Cesarino
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
- Associação Ribeirãopretana de Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência ao Hipertenso (AREPAH), Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | - Fabiana Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Antonio de Almeida
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo , Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde , Sorocaba , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Frida Liane Plavnik
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Grazia Maria Guerra
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Geraldo Mill
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória , ES - Brasil
| | - José Marcio Ribeiro
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG - Brasil
- Hospital Felício Rocho , Belo Horizonte , MG - Brasil
| | - Leda A Daud Lotaif
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Madson Q Almeida
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Esporcatte
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Pró-Cradíaco , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Roberto Franco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru , SP - Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Pedrosa
- Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Recife , PE - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Emanuel Kaiser
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Vera H Koch
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Wille Oigman
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP - Brasil
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75
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Improvement of Arterial Stiffness One Month after Bariatric Surgery and Potential Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040691. [PMID: 33578924 PMCID: PMC7916665 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to analyze changes (Δ) in AS 1-month post-bariatric surgery (BS) and search for possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients with severe obesity (43% hypertensives) were prospectively evaluated before and 1-month post-BS, with AS assessed by pulse-wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75) and pulse pressure (PP). Ambulatory 24 h blood pressure (BP), anthropometric data, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components and several adipokines and inflammatory markers were also analyzed. Overall reduction in body weight was mean (interquartile range (IQR)) = 11.0% (9.6–13.1). A decrease in PWV, AIx@75 and PP was observed 1-month post-BS (all, p < 0.01). There were also significant Δ in BP, RAAS components, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers. Multiple linear regression adjusted models showed that Δaldosterone was an independent variable (B coeff.95%CI) for final PWV (B = −0.003, −0.005 to 0.000; p = 0.022). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/ACE2 and ACE were independent variables for final AIx@75 (B = 0.036, 0.005 to 0.066; p = 0.024) and PP (B = 0.010, 0.003 to 0.017; p = 0.01), respectively. There was no correlation between ΔAS and anthropometric changes nor with Δ of adipokines or inflammatory markers except high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Patients with PWV below median decreased PWV (mean, 95%CI = −0.18, −0.25 to −0.10; p < 0.001) and both AIx@75 and PP at 1-month, but not those with PWV above median. In conclusion, there is an improvement in AS 1-month post-BS that correlates with ΔBP and Δrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone components. The benefit is reduced in those with higher PWV.
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76
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Valisno JAC, May J, Singh K, Helm EY, Venegas L, Budbazar E, Goodman JB, Nicholson CJ, Avram D, Cohen RA, Mitchell GF, Morgan KG, Seta F. BCL11B Regulates Arterial Stiffness and Related Target Organ Damage. Circ Res 2021; 128:755-768. [PMID: 33530702 PMCID: PMC7969164 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. BCL11B (B-cell leukemia 11b) is a transcription factor known as an essential regulator of T lymphocytes and neuronal development during embryogenesis. A genome-wide association study showed that a gene desert region downstream of BCL11B, known to function as a BCL11B enhancer, harbors single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, a role for BCL11B in the adult cardiovascular system is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Arni C Valisno
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Joel May
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (E.Y.H., D.A.)
| | - Lisia Venegas
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Enkhjargal Budbazar
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Jena B Goodman
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Christopher J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (E.Y.H., D.A.).,Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (D.A.)
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | | | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
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77
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Ayo-Martin O, García-García J, Hernández-Fernández F, Gómez-Hontanilla M, Gómez-Fernández I, Andrés-Fernández C, Lamas C, Alfaro-Martínez JJ, Botella F, Segura T. Cerebral hemodynamics in obesity: relationship with sex, age, and adipokines in a cohort-based study. GeroScience 2021; 43:1465-1479. [PMID: 33449308 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are well-known independent risk factors for stroke in the general population although uncertain in the case of the elderly, according to the obesity paradox. Little is known about underlying mechanisms. Our study aims to assess whether there is a relationship between excess body weight (measured as waist circumference) and poor cerebral hemodynamics (measured by transcranial Doppler parameters: basal, mean flow velocity (MFV), and dynamic, cerebrovascular reserve (CvR) in the right middle cerebral artery (RMCA)). A possible underlying molecular mechanism was analyzed via plasma leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM, and CRP levels. One hundred sixty-five subjects were included. Bivariate and multivariate regression showed a linear correlation between waist circumference and hemodynamics in RMCA, with clear gender effects: MFV (global NS, men β - 0.26 p < 0.01; women NS), CvR (global: β - 0.15 p < 0.01; men: β - 0.29 p < 0.01, women: β - 0.19 p < 0.09). For subjects above 65 years, there is no significant relationship between AbP and cerebral hemodynamics. In multivariate regression models, only leptin correlated independently with MFV in RMCA (β 7.24, p < 0.01) and CvR (β - 0.30, p < 0.01). In both cases, waist circumference remains significantly related to both parameters. There is an inverse linear correlation between excess body weight and cerebral hemodynamics, independent of other vascular risk factors and clearly influenced by gender. This relation disappears in the elderly population. Leptin might play a role in this relationship. Nevertheless, there must be another associated mechanism, not identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ayo-Martin
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Hermanos Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Jorge García-García
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Hermanos Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Fernández
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Hermanos Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Lamas
- Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Alfaro-Martínez
- Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Tomás Segura
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Hermanos Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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78
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Chen H, Chen Y, Wu W, Cai Z, Chen Z, Yan X, Wu S. Total cholesterol, arterial stiffness, and systolic blood pressure: a mediation analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1330. [PMID: 33446746 PMCID: PMC7809132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of 45,092 participants (mean age of 54.04 ± 13.09 years) from the Kailuan study, this study was performed to explore the relationships among total cholesterol (TC), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and quantify their separate effects. The correlations among TC, SBP, and BaPWV were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models. Mediation analysis was performed to determine whether the effect of TC on SBP can be explained by arterial stiffness. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that for every one standard deviation increase in TC and BaPWV, SBP increased by 0.33 mmHg and 0.044 mmHg, respectively; for every one standard deviation increase in TC, BaPWV increased by 5.34 cm/s. Mediation analysis showed that the TC-induced SBP elevation was mediated by arterial stiffness in more than half of the whole cohort (indirect effect, 0.73; percent mediated, 54.5%). Furthermore, the TC-induced SBP elevation was mediated by arterial stiffness in less than half of the males (indirect effect, 0.70; percent mediated, 47.9%); however, the results were not statistically significant in females. In conclusion, TC and BaPWV are positively correlated with SBP, whereas TC is positively correlated with BaPWV. Almost half of the increase in SBP contributed to TC is mediated by arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Youren Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiqiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Cai
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuzhu Yan
- School of Foreign Language, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063001, China.
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79
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Pathways for Sensing and Responding to Hydrogen Peroxide at the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102314. [PMID: 33080949 PMCID: PMC7603117 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a hub for peroxide-based signaling events. Here we outline cellular sources of ER-localized peroxide, including sources within and near the ER. Focusing on three ER-localized proteins-the molecular chaperone BiP, the transmembrane stress-sensor IRE1, and the calcium pump SERCA2-we discuss how post-translational modification of protein cysteines by H2O2 can alter ER activities. We review how changed activities for these three proteins upon oxidation can modulate signaling events, and also how cysteine oxidation can serve to limit the cellular damage that is most often associated with elevated peroxide levels.
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80
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Abstract
: Hypertension is a worldwide known cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal complications and heart failure. Although the mechanisms of hypertension remain largely unknown, a recent new concept is that aortic stiffening is a cause of hypertension in middle-aged and older individuals, which highlighted the importance of aortic stiffening in the development of age-related hypertension. Understanding the pathogenesis of aortic stiffness therefore became one of the important approaches to preventing and controlling hypertension. This review discusses the recent progress of the potential causes of aortic stiffening and its implication on the pathogenesis of hypertension, in terms of aging, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, neuroendocrine and the interaction among these causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. ONUH
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Hongyu QIU
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
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81
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Effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102484. [PMID: 32951734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness is a major cardiovascular (CV) risk and an independent strong predictor of CV morbidity and mortality. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical or interventional studies that assessed the effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness in participants of any age or sex, healthy or with any conditions. DESIGN Systematic review of clinical trials or interventional studies. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. REVIEW METHODS Databases were searched till July 2019 for clinical trials or interventional studies whether controlled or uncontrolled, randomized or non-randomized studies assessing the effects of yoga on arterial stiffness. Quality of the studies was assessed by using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. RESULTS Seven full-text articles (total number of participants = 362) that evaluated the effect of yoga on arterial stiffness were included in this review. There were three randomized controlled studies and four were non-controlled studies (single group studies). Four studies have shown significant reduction in arterial stiffness, while three studies did not find any significant change in arterial stiffness. The beneficial effects of yoga intervention on arterial stiffness in young adults and elderly hypertensive patients are encouraging. Methodological quality was good for one study, moderate for two studies and poor for four studies. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that yoga practice is effective in preventing or reducing the arterial stiffness in young healthy and obese, and elderly hypertensive patients. As the methodology of many studies is of low quality and safety measures were not reported, there is a need of quality randomized controlled trials of yoga effects on arterial stiffness among high risk individuals.
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82
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VanderBurgh JA, Potharazu AV, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. A discrete interface in matrix stiffness creates an oscillatory pattern of endothelial monolayer disruption. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs244533. [PMID: 32878941 PMCID: PMC7520461 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimal stiffening upregulates endothelial cell contractility, disrupting barrier integrity; however, intimal stiffening is non-uniform. The impact of local changes in intimal stiffness on proximal and distal cell-cell interactions is unknown. To investigate the range at which matrix stiffness heterogeneities impact neighboring endothelial cells within a monolayer, we built a micropillar system with adjacent regions of stiff and compliant matrix. The stiffness interface results in an oscillatory pattern of neutrophil transendothelial migration, symmetrical about the interface and well-fit by a sinusoid function. 'Peaks' of the sinusoid were found to have increased cellular contractility and decreased barrier function relative to 'troughs' of the sinusoid. Pharmacological modulation of contractility was observed to break symmetry, altering the amplitude and wavelength of the sinusoid, indicating that contractility may regulate this effect. This work illuminates a novel biophysical phenomenon of the role of stiffness-mediated cell-matrix interactions on cell-cell interactions at a distance. Additionally, it provides insight into the range at which intimal matrix stiffness heterogeneities will impact endothelial barrier function and potentially contribute to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A VanderBurgh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Archit V Potharazu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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83
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Plante TB, Koh I, Judd SE, Howard G, Howard VJ, Zakai NA, Booth JN, Safford MM, Muntner P, Cushman M. Life's Simple 7 and Incident Hypertension: The REGARDS Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016482. [PMID: 32928039 PMCID: PMC7792383 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metric incorporates health behaviors (body mass index, diet, smoking, physical activity) and health factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose) to estimate an individual's level of cardiovascular health. The association between cardiovascular health and incident hypertension is unresolved. Hypertension's threshold was recently lowered and it is unclear if better cardiovascular health is associated with lower risk of incident hypertension with the updated threshold or in a multirace cohort. We sought to assess the association between better LS7 score and risk of incident hypertension among Black and White adults using a 130/80 mm Hg hypertension threshold. Methods and Results We determined the association between LS7 metric and incident hypertension in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) study, including participants free of baseline hypertension (2003-2007) who completed a second visit between 2013 and 2016. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use. Each LS7 component was assigned 0 (poor), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (ideal) points. We generated a 14-point score by summing points. Among 2930 normotensive participants (20% Black, 80% White), the median (25th-75th percentiles) LS7 total score was 9 (8-10) points. Over a median follow-up of 9 years, 42% developed hypertension. In the fully adjusted model, each 1-point higher LS7 score had a 6% lower risk of incident hypertension (risk ratio, 0.94 per 1 point; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). Conclusions Better cardiovascular health was associated with lower risk of incident hypertension using a 130/80 mm Hg hypertension threshold among Black and White adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Plante
- Department of Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT
| | - Insu Koh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | | | - Neil A Zakai
- Department of Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT
| | - John N Booth
- Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham AL.,CTI Clinical Trials and Consulting Services, Inc. Covington KY
| | - Monika M Safford
- Department of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont Burlington VT
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84
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Grunewald ZI, Ramirez-Perez FI, Woodford ML, Morales-Quinones M, Mejia S, Manrique-Acevedo C, Siebenlist U, Martinez-Lemus LA, Chandrasekar B, Padilla J. TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2) Mediates Obesity-Associated Vascular Insulin Resistance and Dysfunction in Male Mice. Hypertension 2020; 76:1319-1329. [PMID: 32829657 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in the vasculature is a characteristic feature of obesity and contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-associated vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 interacting protein 2), a proinflammatory adaptor molecule known to activate pathological stress pathways and implicated in cardiovascular diseases, plays a causal role in obesity-associated vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis by employing genetic-manipulation in endothelial cells in vitro, in isolated arteries ex vivo, and diet-induced obesity in a mouse model of TRAF3IP2 ablation in vivo. We show that ectopic expression of TRAF3IP2 blunts insulin signaling in endothelial cells and diminishes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated aortic rings. Further, 16 weeks of high fat/high sucrose feeding impaired glucose tolerance, aortic insulin-induced vasorelaxation, and hindlimb postocclusive reactive hyperemia, while increasing blood pressure and arterial stiffness in wild-type male mice. Notably, TRAF3IP2 ablation protected mice from such high fat/high sucrose feeding-induced metabolic and vascular defects. Interestingly, wild-type female mice expressed markedly reduced levels of TRAF3IP2 mRNA independent of diet and were protected against high fat/high sucrose diet-induced vascular dysfunction. These data indicate that TRAF3IP2 plays a causal role in vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction. Specifically, the present findings highlight a sexual dimorphic role of TRAF3IP2 in vascular control and identify it as a promising therapeutic target in vasculometabolic derangements associated with obesity, particularly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Grunewald
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Mariana Morales-Quinones
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Salvador Mejia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (C.M.-A.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (C.M.-A., B.C.)
| | | | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (C.M.-A., B.C.)
| | - Jaume Padilla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
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Steppan J, Jandu S, Savage W, Wang H, Kang S, Narayanan R, Nyhan D, Santhanam L. Restoring Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Mice Fails to Fully Reverse Vascular Stiffness. Front Physiol 2020; 11:824. [PMID: 32792976 PMCID: PMC7385310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a well-established driver of vascular remodeling and stiffening. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether restoring normal blood pressure (BP) fully restores vascular stiffness toward that of normotensive controls. Methods C57Bl6/J male mice received angiotensin II (angII; 1 μg/kg/min) via infusion pump for 8 weeks (hypertension group: HH), angII for 4 weeks (hypertension group: H4), angII for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of recovery (reversal group: HN), or sham treatment (normotensive group: NN). BP, heart rate, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured longitudinally. At the end of the study period, aortas were harvested for testing of vasoreactivity, passive mechanical properties, and vessel structure. Results The HH group exhibited a sustained increase in BP and PWV over the 8-week period (p < 0.01). In the HN group, BP and PWV increased during the 4-week angII infusion, and, though BP was restored during the 4-week recovery, PWV exhibited only partial restoration (p < 0.05). Heart rate was similar in all cohorts. Compared to NN controls, both HH and HN groups had significantly increased wall thickness (p < 0.05 HH vs. NN, p < 0.01 HN vs. NN), mucosal extracellular matrix accumulation (p < 0.0001 HH vs. NN, p < 0.05 HN vs. NN), and intralamellar distance (p < 0.001 HH vs. NN, p < 0.01 HN vs. NN). Both intact and decellularized vessels were noted to have significantly higher passive stiffness in the HH and H4 cohorts than in NN controls (p < 0.0001). However, in the HN cohort, intact vessels were only modestly stiffer than those of NN controls, and decellularized HN vessels were identical to those from the NN controls. Compared to NN controls, the HH and HN cohorts exhibited significantly diminished phenylephrine-induced contraction (p < 0.0001) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hypertension causes a significant increase in in vivo aortic stiffness that is only partially reversible after BP normalization. Although hypertension does lead to matrix stiffening, restoration of BP restores matrix mechanics to levels similar to those of normotensive controls. Nevertheless, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction persist after restoration of normotension. This dysfunction is, in part, responsible for augmented PWV after restoration of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sandeep Jandu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William Savage
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sara Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roshini Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Nyhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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86
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Mahanes TM, Murphy MO, Ouyang A, Yiannikouris FB, Fleenor BS, Loria AS. Maternal separation-induced increases in vascular stiffness are independent of circulating angiotensinogen levels. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:58-65. [PMID: 32407243 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00703.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) precursor angiotensinogen (AGT) has been implicated in the functional and mechanical alterations of the vascular wall in response to high-fat diet (HFD). Previously, we showed that HFD exacerbates angiotensin II-induced constriction in isolated aortic rings from male rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep), a model of early-life stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether MatSep increases AGT secretion promoting vascular stiffness in rats fed a HFD. Male Wistar-Kyoto MatSep offspring were separated (3 h/day, postnatal days 2-14), and undisturbed littermates were used as controls. At weaning, rats were fed for 17 wk a normal diet (ND) or a HFD, 18% or 60% kcal from fat, respectively. In plasma, there was a main effect of MatSep reducing AGT concentration (P < 0.05) but no effect due to diet. In urine, ND-fed MatSep rats displayed higher AGT concentrations that were further increased by HFD (P < 0.05 vs. control). AGT mRNA abundance and protein expression were increased in adipose tissue from HFD-fed MatSep rats compared with control rats (P < 0.05). No significant differences in liver and kidney AGT levels were found between groups. In addition, MatSep augmented vascular stiffness assessed on freshly isolated aortic rings from ND-fed rats (P < 0.05), yet HFD did not worsen vascular stiffness in either MatSep or control rats. There was no correlation between plasma AGT and vascular stiffness in ND-fed rats; however, this relationship was negative in HFD-fed MatSep rats only (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study shows that MatSep-induced increases in vascular stiffness are independent of diet or plasma AGT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that there was no correlation between circulating levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) and the development of vascular stiffness in rats exposed to early-life stress and fed a normal diet. This study also shows that early-life stress-induced hypersensitive vascular contractility to angiotensin II in rats fed a high-fat diet is independent of circulating levels of AGT and occurs without further progression of vascular stiffness. Our data show that early-life stress primes the adipose tissue to secrete AGT in a sex- and species-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Mahanes
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Margaret O Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - An Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Morales-Quinones M, Ramirez-Perez FI, Foote CA, Ghiarone T, Ferreira-Santos L, Bloksgaard M, Spencer N, Kimchi ET, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. LIMK (LIM Kinase) Inhibition Prevents Vasoconstriction- and Hypertension-Induced Arterial Stiffening and Remodeling. Hypertension 2020; 76:393-403. [PMID: 32594801 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling precede and are consequences of hypertension. They also contribute to the development and progression of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Yet, there are currently no agents specifically aimed at preventing or treating arterial stiffening and remodeling. Previous research indicates that vascular smooth muscle actin polymerization participates in the initial stages of arterial stiffening and remodeling and that LIMK (LIM kinase) promotes F-actin formation and stabilization via cofilin phosphorylation and consequent inactivation. Herein, we hypothesize that LIMK inhibition is able to prevent vasoconstriction- and hypertension-associated arterial stiffening and inward remodeling. We found that small visceral arteries isolated from hypertensive subjects are stiffer and have greater cofilin phosphorylation than those from nonhypertensives. We also show that LIMK inhibition prevents arterial stiffening and inward remodeling in isolated human small visceral arteries exposed to prolonged vasoconstriction. Using cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, we determined that LIMK inhibition prevents vasoconstrictor agonists from increasing cofilin phosphorylation, F-actin volume, and cell cortex stiffness. We further show that localized LIMK inhibition prevents arteriolar inward remodeling in hypertensive mice. This indicates that hypertension is associated with increased vascular smooth muscle cofilin phosphorylation, cytoskeletal stress fiber formation, and heightened arterial stiffness. Our data further suggest that pharmacological inhibition of LIMK prevents vasoconstriction-induced arterial stiffening, in part, via reductions in vascular smooth muscle F-actin content and cellular stiffness. Accordingly, LIMK inhibition should represent a promising therapeutic means to stop the progression of arterial stiffening and remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morales-Quinones
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Christopher A Foote
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Larissa Ferreira-Santos
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (L.F.-S.)
| | - Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (M.B.)
| | | | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery (E.T.K.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (E.T.K., C.M.-A.)
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (C.M.-A.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (E.T.K., C.M.-A.)
| | - Jaume Padilla
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (M.M.-Q., F.I.R.-P., C.A.F., T.G., L.F.-S., C.M.-A., J.P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Changes in Central 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics 12 Months After Bariatric Surgery: the BARIHTA Study. Obes Surg 2020; 30:195-205. [PMID: 31346932 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is associated to blood pressure (BP) reduction in obese patients. There is no information on central 24-h BP changes after bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we analyzed changes in 24-h BP 12 months following BS, with intermediate evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months, in severely obese adults. The primary endpoint was aortic (central) 24-h systolic BP changes. Circadian BP patterns and hypertension resolution were also assessed. As secondary endpoints, we analyze changes in central 24-h diastolic BP as well as in all office and ambulatory peripheral BP parameters. Obese adults scheduled for BS as routine clinical care were recruited. We included 62 patients (39% with hypertension, 77% women, body mass index, 42.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2). Reduction in body weight was mean (IQR) 30.5% (26.2-34.4) 1 year after BS. Mean (95% CI) change in central 24-h systolic BP was - 3.1 mmHg (- 5.5 to - 0.7), p = 0.01 after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline hypertensive status. BP parameter changes were different between normotensives and hypertensives. Mean (95% CI) change in central 24-h systolic BP was - 5.2 mmHg (- 7.7 to - 2.7), p < 0.001, in normotensives and - 0.5 mmHg (- 5.1 to 4.0), p = 0.818, in hypertensives. There was a remission of hypertension in 48% of patients. Most patients had a reduced dipping pattern, similarly at baseline and 12 months after BS. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with severe obesity, there was a substantial central 24-h systolic BP decrease 12 months following BS. Importantly, this change was observed in those patients with normal BP at baseline. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03115502.
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89
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Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, De Moudt S, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Ex vivo aortic stiffness in mice with different eNOS activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1233-H1244. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function and NO bioavailability are important determinants of aortic biomechanics and function. With a new technique we investigated the ex vivo aortic segment biomechanics of different mouse models with altered NO signaling. Our experiments clearly show that chronic distortion of NO signaling triggered several compensatory mechanisms that reflect the organism’s attempt to maintain optimal central hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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90
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Arterial Stiffness: A Focus on Vascular Calcification and Its Link to Bone Mineralization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1078-1093. [PMID: 32237904 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the association between vascular calcification and arterial stiffness, highlighting the important genetic factors, systemic and local microenvironmental signals, and underlying signaling pathways and molecular regulators of vascular calcification. Elevated oxidative stress appears to be a common procalcification factor that induces osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular cells in a variety of disease conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Thus, the role of oxidative stress and oxidative stress-regulated signals in vascular smooth muscle cells and their contributions to vascular calcification are highlighted. In relation to diabetes mellitus, the regulation of both hyperglycemia and increased protein glycosylation, by AGEs (advanced glycation end products) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, and its role in enhancing intracellular pathophysiological signaling that promotes osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells are discussed. In the context of chronic kidney disease, this review details the role of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, parathyroid hormone, and specific calcification inhibitors in regulating vascular calcification. In addition, the impact of the systemic and microenvironmental factors on respective intrinsic signaling pathways that promote osteogenic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts are compared and contrasted, aiming to dissect the commonalities and distinctions that underlie the paradoxical vascular-bone mineralization disorders in aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- From the Departments of Pathology (Y.C.), The University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Department, AL (Y.C.)
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Biochemistry (X.Z.), The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), The University of Alabama at Birmingham
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91
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Favero G, Franco C, Stacchiotti A, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Sirtuin1 Role in the Melatonin Protective Effects Against Obesity-Related Heart Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:103. [PMID: 32218740 PMCID: PMC7078333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease that induces important structural and functional changes to the heart and predisposes a patient to devastating cardiac complications. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) has been found to have roles in regulating cardiac function, but whether it can help in cardioprotection is not clear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether melatonin, by modulating SIRT1 and in turn mitochondria signaling, may alleviate obesity-induced cardiac injuries. We investigated 10 lean control mice and 10 leptin-deficient obese mice (ob/ob) orally supplemented with melatonin for 8 weeks, as well as equal numbers of age-matched lean and ob/ob mice that did not receive melatonin. Hearts were evaluated using multiple parameters, including biometric values, morphology, SIRT1 activity and expression of markers of mitochondria biogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We observed that ob/ob mice experienced significant heart hypertrophy, infiltration by inflammatory cells, reduced SIRT1 activity, altered mitochondrial signaling and oxidative balance, and overexpression of inflammatory markers. Notably, melatonin supplementation in ob/ob mice reverted these obesogenic heart alterations. Melatonin prevented heart remodeling caused by obesity through SIRT1 activation, which, together with mitochondrial pathways, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Franco
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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92
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Abstract
See Article Fan et al.
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93
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Nwabuo CC, Vasan RS. Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Heart Disease: Beyond Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:11. [PMID: 32016791 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given that the life expectancy and the burden of hypertension are projected to increase over the next decade, hypertensive heart disease (HHD) may be expected to play an even more central role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A broader understanding of the features and underlying mechanisms that constitute HHD therefore is of paramount importance. RECENT FINDINGS HHD is a condition that arises as a result of elevated blood pressure and constitutes a key underlying mechanism for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Historically, studies investigating HHD have primarily focused on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), but it is increasingly apparent that HHD encompasses a range of target-organ damage beyond LVH, including other cardiovascular structural and functional adaptations that may occur separately or concomitantly. HHD is characterized by micro- and macroscopic myocardial alterations, structural phenotypic adaptations, and functional changes that include cardiac fibrosis, and the remodeling of the atria and ventricles and the arterial system. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional alterations in the cardiac and vascular system that constitute HHD and underscore their underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. .,Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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94
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Liu G, Wu F, Jiang X, Que Y, Qin Z, Hu P, Lee KSS, Yang J, Zeng C, Hammock BD, Tong X. Inactivation of Cys 674 in SERCA2 increases BP by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1793-1805. [PMID: 31758704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The kidney is essential in regulating sodium homeostasis and BP. The irreversible oxidation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is increased in the renal cortex of hypertensive mice. Whether inactivation of C674 promotes hypertension is unclear. Here we have investigated the effects on BP of the inactivation of C674, and its role in the kidney. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to represent partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The BP, urine volume, and urine composition of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were measured. The kidneys were collected for cell culture, Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity, protein expression, and immunohistological analysis. KEY RESULTS Compared with WT mice, SKI mice had higher BP, lower urine volume and sodium excretion, up-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and down-regulated dopamine D1 receptors in renal cortex and cells from renal proximal tubule. ER stress and sEH were mutually regulated, and both upstream of D1 receptors. Inhibition of ER stress or sEH up-regulated expression of D1 receptors, decreased the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, increased sodium excretion, and lowered BP in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of hypertension by inducing ER stress and sEH. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in BP control and the contribution of SERCA2 to sodium homeostasis and BP in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuhua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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95
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Yu B, Sladojevic N, Blair JE, Liao JK. Targeting Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) in cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:47-62. [PMID: 31906742 PMCID: PMC7662835 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1712593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological cardiac fibrosis, through excessive extracellular matrix protein deposition from fibroblasts and pro-fibrotic immune responses and vascular stiffening is associated with most forms of cardiovascular disease. Pathological cardiac fibrosis and stiffening can lead to heart failure and arrythmias and vascular stiffening may lead to hypertension. ROCK, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of the Rho-family of GTPases, may regulate many pro-fibrotic and pro-stiffening signaling pathways in numerous cell types.Areas covered: This article outlines the molecular mechanisms by which ROCK in fibroblasts, T helper cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages mediate fibrosis and stiffening. We speculate on how ROCK could be targeted to inhibit cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening.Expert opinion: Critical gaps in knowledge must be addressed if ROCK inhibitors are to be used in the clinic. Numerous studies indicate that each ROCK isoform may play differential roles in regulating fibrosis and may have opposing roles in specific tissues. Future work needs to highlight the isoform- and tissue-specific contributions of ROCK in fibrosis, and how isoform-specific ROCK inhibitors in murine models and in clinical trials affect the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis and stiffening. This could progress knowledge regarding new treatments for heart failure, arrythmias and hypertension and the repair processes after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John E Blair
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James K Liao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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96
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Bhedi CD, Nasirova S, Toksoz D, Warburton RR, Morine KJ, Kapur NK, Galper JB, Preston IR, Hill NS, Fanburg BL, Penumatsa KC. Glycolysis regulated transglutaminase 2 activation in cardiopulmonary fibrogenic remodeling. FASEB J 2020; 34:930-944. [PMID: 31914588 PMCID: PMC6956703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure (HF) includes fibrogenic remodeling associated with the loss of pulmonary arterial (PA) and cardiac compliance. We and others have previously identified transglutaminase 2 (TG2) as a participant in adverse fibrogenic remodeling. However, little is known about the biologic mechanisms that regulate TG2 function. We examined physiological mouse models of experimental PH, HF, and type 1 diabetes that are associated with altered glucose metabolism/glycolysis and report here that TG2 expression and activity are elevated in pulmonary and cardiac tissues under all these conditions. We additionally used PA adventitial fibroblasts to test the hypothesis that TG2 is an intermediary between enhanced tissue glycolysis and fibrogenesis. Our in vitro results show that glycolytic enzymes and TG2 are upregulated in fibroblasts exposed to high glucose, which stimulates cellular glycolysis as measured by Seahorse analysis. We examined the relationship of TG2 to a terminal glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and found that PKM2 regulates glucose-induced TG2 expression and activity as well as fibrogenesis. Our studies further show that TG2 inhibition blocks glucose-induced fibrogenesis and cell proliferation. Our findings support a novel role for glycolysis-mediated TG2 induction and tissue fibrosis associated with experimental PH, HF, and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee D. Bhedi
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Nasirova
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Toksoz
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod R. Warburton
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Morine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navin K. Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas B. Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioana R. Preston
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Hill
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry L. Fanburg
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna C. Penumatsa
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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97
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Kruszyńska E, Łoboz-Rudnicka M, Palombo C, Vriz O, Kozakova M, Ołpińska B, Morizzo C, Łoboz-Grudzień K, Jaroch J. Carotid Artery Stiffness in Metabolic Syndrome: Sex Differences. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3359-3369. [PMID: 33061497 PMCID: PMC7524178 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s262192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of metabolic syndrome (MS) on carotid stiffness (CS) in the context of gender is under research. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between the MS and CS in men (M) and women (W) and investigated if the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on CS is modulated by gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 419 subjects (mean age 54.3 years): 215 (51%) with MS (109 W and 106 M) and 204 (49%) without MS (98 W and 106 M). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and CS parameters (beta stiffness index (beta), Peterson's elastic modulus (Ep), arterial compliance (AC) and one-point pulse wave velocity (PWV-beta)) were measured with the echo-tracking (eT) system. RESULTS ANCOVA demonstrated that MS was associated with elevated CS indices (p = 0.003 for beta and 0.025 for PWV-beta), although further sex-specific analysis revealed that this relationship was significant only in W (p = 0.021 for beta). Age was associated with CS in both M and W, pulse pressure (PP) and body mass index turned out to be determinants of CS solely in W, while the effect of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate was more pronounced in M. MANOVA performed in subjects with MS revealed that age and diabetes mellitus type 2 were determinants of CS in both sexes, diastolic blood pressure and MAP - solely in M and systolic blood pressure, PP and waist circumference - solely in W (the relationship between the waist circumference and AC was paradoxical). CONCLUSION The relationship between MS and CS is stronger in W than in M. In subjects with MS, various components of arterial pressure exert different sex-specific effects on CS - with the impact of the pulsative component of arterial pressure (PP) observed in W and the impact of the steady component (MAP) observed in M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kruszyńska
- Cardiology Department, T. Marciniak Hospital, Emergency Medicine Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Łoboz-Rudnicka
- Cardiology Department, T. Marciniak Hospital, Emergency Medicine Center, Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: Maria Łoboz-Rudnicka Email
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olga Vriz
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency, San Antonio Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bogusława Ołpińska
- Cardiology Department, T. Marciniak Hospital, Emergency Medicine Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carmela Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień
- Cardiology Department, T. Marciniak Hospital, Emergency Medicine Center, Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaroch
- Cardiology Department, T. Marciniak Hospital, Emergency Medicine Center, Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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98
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Climie RE, Gallo A, Picone DS, Di Lascio N, van Sloten TT, Guala A, Mayer CC, Hametner B, Bruno RM. Measuring the Interaction Between the Macro- and Micro-Vasculature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:169. [PMID: 31824963 PMCID: PMC6882776 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional dysfunction in both the macro- and microvasculature are a feature of essential hypertension. In a healthy cardiovascular system, the elastic properties of the large arteries ensure that pulsations in pressure and flow generated by cyclic left ventricular contraction are dampened, so that less pulsatile pressure and flow are delivered at the microvascular level. However, in response to aging, hypertension, and other disease states, arterial stiffening limits the buffering capacity of the elastic arteries, thus exposing the microvasculature to increased pulsatile stress. This is thought to be particularly pertinent to high flow/low resistance organs such as the brain and kidney, which may be sensitive to excess pressure and flow pulsatility, damaging capillary networks, and resulting in target organ damage. In this review, we describe the clinical relevance of the pulsatile interaction between the macro- and microvasculature and summarize current methods for measuring the transmission of pulsatility between the two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Climie
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmanian, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'imagerie Biomédicale, INSERM 1146 - CNRS 7371, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Dean S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmanian, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas T van Sloten
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Guala
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher C Mayer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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99
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Abstract
Physical stimuli are essential for the function of eukaryotic cells, and changes in physical signals are important elements in normal tissue development as well as in disease initiation and progression. The complexity of physical stimuli and the cellular signals they initiate are as complex as those triggered by chemical signals. One of the most important, and the focus of this review, is the effect of substrate mechanical properties on cell structure and function. The past decade has produced a nearly exponentially increasing number of mechanobiological studies to define how substrate stiffness alters cell biology using both purified systems and intact tissues. Here we attempt to identify common features of mechanosensing in different systems while also highlighting the numerous informative exceptions to what in early studies appeared to be simple rules by which cells respond to mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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100
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Wu S, Jin C, Li S, Zheng X, Zhang X, Cui L, Gao X. Aging, Arterial Stiffness, and Blood Pressure Association in Chinese Adults. Hypertension 2019; 73:893-899. [PMID: 30776974 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) both increase with aging synchronously. Whether elevated BP results from thickening of arterial wall or vice versa is controversial in previous studies. This study included 17 862 participants without history of myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation or flutter, or cancer and with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and BP measurements during 2010 to 2016. Age was calculated from the self-reported birthdate to the first date of baPWV examination. Mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediation effect by baPWV in the association between age and BP. Temporal relation between baPWV and BP was assessed by cross-lagged analyses among 1508 participants with repeated assessment of baPWV. We found that systolic BP increased 0.47 (95% CI, 0.45-0.49) mm Hg per 1 year older by the mediation effect of baPWV and that the direct effect of aging on systolic BP was -0.07 (95% CI, -0.09 to -0.05) mm Hg per 1 year older. The standard regression coefficient from baseline baPWV to follow-up systolic BP was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.04-0.15), which was greater than the standard regression coefficient from baseline systolic BP to follow-up baPWV (0.01; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.06). Arterial stiffness mediated the positive association between aging and BP, and arterial stiffness might precede elevated BP. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouling Wu
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.W., C.J., X. Zheng, X. Zhang), Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jin
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.W., C.J., X. Zheng, X. Zhang), Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (S.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.W., C.J., X. Zheng, X. Zhang), Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology (S.W., C.J., X. Zheng, X. Zhang), Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College (X. Zhang, X.G.)
| | - Liufu Cui
- Department of Rheumatic Disease (L.C.), Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College (X. Zhang, X.G.)
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