51
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Goldstein BI. Bipolar Disorder and the Vascular System: Mechanisms and New Prevention Opportunities. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1565-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Perricos A, Ashjaei K, Husslein H, Proestling K, Kuessel L, Obwegeser R, Wenzl R, Yotova I. Increased serum levels of mBDNF in women with minimal and mild endometriosis have no predictive power for the disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:50-56. [PMID: 29141456 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217742600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our pilot clinical, prospective study was to determine the serum levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in of women with endometriosis and controls and explore whether mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a potential biomarker for the disease. The patients were selected from the Endometriosis Marker Austria prospective cohort study conducted at the tertiary referral certified Endometriosis Center of the Medical University of Vienna. All women underwent laparoscopic surgery because there was a suspicion of endometriosis, or the women had pelvic pain, adnexal cysts, unexplained infertility, or uterine fibroids. Our main outcome parameter was total levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum, measured using ELISA. Our results show that serum levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor are significantly higher in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. The mean serum protein levels are significantly higher in women with rAFS stage I and II endometriosis, whereas no difference was found in women with stage III and IV endometriosis and controls. Postoperative follow-up at 6-10 weeks revealed that surgical intervention leads to equilibration of the levels of secreted mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor between women with and without endometriosis. The difference between serum mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels of women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis is independent of menstrual cycle phase and overall self-reported pelvic pain. ROC-curve analysis showed that, the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor is not a useful biomarker for endometriosis. In conclusion, although women with stage I and II endometriosis have increased levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum compared to controls, the difference is not predictive for the disease. Impact statement Endometriosis is a disease that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected women. The gold standard for diagnosis to this day remains visualization through laparoscopic surgery with histological verification. Current studies are attempting to find a biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity, which would bypass the surgery-associated risks and would significantly reduce costs. In an attempt to elucidate whether mature serum BDNF can serve as diagnostic marker for the disease, we compared the levels of the protein in women with endometriosis to endometriosis-free controls. While our results showed that serum concentrations of the mature protein were significantly higher in women with endometriosis, we did not find this marker to have the sensitivity or specificity needed in order to allow a reliable diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perricos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Kazem Ashjaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Heinrich Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Proestling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kuessel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Reinhard Obwegeser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Rene Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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53
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Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B. BDNF - A key player in cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:54-60. [PMID: 28736262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) were first identified as target-derived survival factors for neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS). They are known to control neural cell fate, development and function. Independently of their neuronal properties, NTs exert unique cardiovascular activity. The heart is innervated by sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, which require NTs during early development and in the establishment of mature properties, contributing to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. The identification of molecular mechanisms regulated by NTs and involved in the crosstalk between cardiac sympathetic nerves, cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and vascular cells, has a fundamental importance in both normal heart function and disease. The article aims to review the recent data on the effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on various cardiovascular neuronal and non-neuronal functions such as the modulation of synaptic properties of autonomic neurons, axonal outgrowth and sprouting, formation of the vascular and neural networks, smooth muscle migration, and control of endothelial cell survival and cardiomyocytes. Understanding these mechanisms may be crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies, including stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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54
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Su YW, Zhou XF, Foster BK, Grills BL, Xu J, Xian CJ. Roles of neurotrophins in skeletal tissue formation and healing. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2133-2145. [PMID: 28370021 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins and their receptors are key molecules that are known to be critical in regulating nervous system development and maintenance and have been recognized to be also involved in regulating tissue formation and healing in skeletal tissues. Studies have shown that neurotrophins and their receptors are widely expressed in skeletal tissues, implicated in chondrogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis, and are also involved in regulating tissue formation and healing events in skeletal tissue. Increased mRNA expression for neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, and their Trk receptors has been observed in injured bone tissues, and NT-3 and its receptor, TrkC, have been identified to have the highest induction at the injury site in a drill-hole injury repair model in both bone and the growth plate. In addition, NT-3 has also recently been shown to be both an osteogenic and angiogenic factor, and this neurotrophin can also enhance expression of the key osteogenic factor, BMP-2, as well as the major angiogenic factor, VEGF, to promote bone formation, vascularization, and healing of the injury site. Further studies, however, are needed to investigate if different neurotrophins have differential roles in skeletal repair, and if NT-3 can be a potential target of intervention for promoting bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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55
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Tajbakhsh A, Mokhtari-Zaer A, Rezaee M, Afzaljavan F, Rivandi M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Pasdar A, Avan A. Therapeutic Potentials of BDNF/TrkB in Breast Cancer; Current Status and Perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2502-2515. [PMID: 28230291 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to stimulate breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB, and the p75NTR death receptor. The aberrant activation of BDNF/TrkB pathways can modulate several signaling pathways, including Akt/PI3K, Jak/STAT, NF-kB, UPAR/UPA, Wnt/β-catenin, and VEGF pathways as well as the ER receptor. Several microRNAs have been identified that are involved in the modulation of BDNF/TrkB pathways. These include miR-206, miR-204, MiR-200a/c, MiR-210, MiR-134, and MiR-191; and these may be of value as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for detecting patients at high risk of developing breast cancer. It has been also been demonstrated that a high expression of genes involved in the BDNF pathway in breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome and reduced survival of patients. Several approaches have been developed for targeting this pathway, for example TKr inhibitors (AZD6918, CEP-701) and RNA interference. The aim of the current review was to provide an overview of the role of BDNF/TrkB pathways in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its value as a potential therapeutic target. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2502-2515, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mokhtari-Zaer
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzaljavan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rivandi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhao H, Alam A, San CY, Eguchi S, Chen Q, Lian Q, Ma D. Molecular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuro-protection: Recent developments. Brain Res 2017; 1665:1-21. [PMID: 28396009 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell injury, as a consequence of acute or chronic neurological trauma, is a significant cause of mortality around the world. On a molecular level, the condition is characterized by widespread cell death and poor regeneration, which can result in severe morbidity in survivors. Potential therapeutics are of major interest, with a promising candidate being brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a ubiquitous agent in the brain which has been associated with neural development and may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury. This review summarizes the available information on the potential benefits of BDNF and the molecular mechanisms involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It further explores the methods in which BDNF can be applied in clinical and therapeutic settings, and the potential challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chun-Yin San
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Furukawa K, Fuse I, Iwakura Y, Sotoyama H, Hanyu O, Nawa H, Sone H, Takei N. Advanced glycation end products induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from human platelets through the Src-family kinase activation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:20. [PMID: 28178976 PMCID: PMC5299653 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts beneficial effects not only on diabetic neuropathies but also on cardiovascular injury. There is argument regarding the levels of serum BDNF in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Because BDNF in peripheral blood is rich in platelets, this may represent dysregulation of BDNF release from platelets. Here we focused on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are elevated in patients with DM and have adverse effects on cardiovascular functions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of AGEs in the regulation of BDNF release from human platelets. Methods Platelets collected from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were incubated with various concentrations of AGE (glycated-BSA) at 37 °C for 5 min with or without BAPTA-AM, a cell permeable Ca2+ chelator, or PP2, a potent inhibitor of Src family kinases (SFKs). Released and cellular BDNF were measured by ELISA and calculated. Phosphorylation of Src and Syk, a downstream kinase of SFKs, in stimulated platelets was examined by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Results AGE induced BDNF release from human platelets in a dose-dependent manner, which was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ and SFKs. We found that AGE induced phosphorylation of Src and Syk. Conclusions AGE induces BDNF release from human platelets through the activation of the Src-Syk-(possibly phospholipase C)-Ca2+ pathway. Considering the toxic action of AGEs and the protective roles of BDNF, it can be hypothesized that AGE-induced BDNF release is a biological defense system in the early phase of diabetes. Chronic elevation of AGEs may induce depletion or downregulation of BDNF in platelets during the progression of DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0505-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiro Fuse
- Japanese Red Cross Niigata Blood Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuriko Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Hanyu
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
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58
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Hang P, Zhao J, Sun L, Li M, Han Y, Du Z, Li Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction through activating Akt signalling in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:685-696. [PMID: 28098423 PMCID: PMC5345637 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited by its adverse effect of cardiotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested the cardioprotective effect of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We hypothesize that BDNF could protect against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Sprague Dawley rats were injected with Dox (2.5 mg/kg, 3 times/week, i.p.), in the presence or absence of recombinant BDNF (0.4 μg/kg, i.v.) for 2 weeks. H9c2 cells were treated with Dox (1 μM) and/or BDNF (400 ng/ml) for 24 hrs. Functional roles of BDNF against Dox‐induced cardiac injury were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Protein level of BDNF was reduced in Dox‐treated rat ventricles, whereas BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) were markedly up‐regulated after BDNF administration. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor significantly inhibited Dox‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in rats. Meanwhile, BDNF increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis and DNA damage of Dox‐treated H9c2 cells. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that BDNF activated Akt and preserved phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and Bad without affecting p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of BDNF was abolished by BDNF scavenger TrkB‐Fc or Akt inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings reveal a potent protective role of BDNF against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by activating Akt signalling, which may facilitate the safe use of Dox in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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59
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Jin W. Induction of metastatic potential by TrkB via activation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40158-71. [PMID: 26515594 PMCID: PMC4741886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancers, the acquisition of metastatic ability, which leads to clinically incurable disease and poor survival, has been associated with acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and self-renewing trait (CSCs) via activation of PI3K/AKT and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. We found that TrkB is a key regulator of PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signal pathway-mediated tumor metastasis and EMT program. Here, we demonstrated that TrkB activates AKT by directly binding to c-Src, leading to increased proliferation. Also, TrkB increases Twist-1 and Twist-2 expression through activation of JAK2/STAT3 by inducing c-Src-JAK2 complex formation. Furthermore, TrkB in the absence of c-Src binds directly to JAK2 and inhibits SOCS3-mediated JAK2 degradation, resulting in increased total JAK2 and STAT3 levels, which subsequently leads to JAK2/STAT3 activation and Twist-1 upregulation. Additionally, activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway via induction of IL-6 secretion by TrkB enables induction of activation of the EMT program via induction of STAT3 nuclear translocation. These observations suggest that TrkB is a promising target for future intervention strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, EMT program and self-renewing trait in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Kangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Kangnam, Seoul 146-92, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Korea
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Yuzugullu H, Von T, Thorpe LM, Walker SR, Roberts TM, Frank DA, Zhao JJ. NTRK2 activation cooperates with PTEN deficiency in T-ALL through activation of both the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 pathways. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16030. [PMID: 27672444 PMCID: PMC5029543 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of PTEN, a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway, is a frequent event in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, suggesting the importance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in this disease. Indeed, hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway is associated with the disease aggressiveness, poor prognosis and resistance to current therapies. To identify a molecular pathway capable of cooperating with PTEN deficiency to drive oncogenic transformation of leukocytes, we performed an unbiased transformation screen with a library of tyrosine kinases. We found that activation of NTRK2 is able to confer a full growth phenotype of Ba/F3 cells in an IL3-independent manner in the PTEN-null setting. NTRK2 activation cooperates with PTEN deficiency through engaging both phosphoinositide3-kinase/AKT and JAK/STAT3 pathway activation in leukocytes. Notably, pharmacological inhibition demonstrated that p110α and p110δ are the major isoforms mediating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling driven by NTRK2 activation in PTEN-deficient leukemia cells. Furthermore, combined inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and STAT3 significantly suppressed proliferation of PTEN-mutant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia both in culture and in mouse xenografts. Together, our data suggest that a unique conjunction of PTEN deficiency and NTRK2 activation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and combined pharmacologic inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and STAT3 signaling may serve as an effective and durable therapeutic strategy for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Yuzugullu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thanh Von
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren M Thorpe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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61
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Chiu DKC, Xu IMJ, Lai RKH, Tse APW, Wei LL, Koh HY, Li LL, Lee D, Lo RCL, Wong CM, Ng IOL, Wong CCL. Hypoxia induces myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment to hepatocellular carcinoma through chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26. Hepatology 2016; 64:797-813. [PMID: 27228567 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A population of stromal cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is present in tumors. Though studies have gradually revealed the protumorigenic functions of MDSCs, the molecular mechanisms guiding MDSC recruitment remain largely elusive. Hypoxia, O2 deprivation, is an important factor in the tumor microenvironment of solid cancers, whose growth often exceeds the growth of functional blood vessels. Here, using hepatocellular carcinoma as the cancer model, we show that hypoxia is an important driver of MDSC recruitment. We observed that MDSCs preferentially infiltrate into hypoxic regions in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and that hypoxia-induced MDSC infiltration is dependent on hypoxia-inducible factors. We further found that hypoxia-inducible factors activate the transcription of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells to recruit chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1-expressing MDSCs to the primary tumor. Knockdown of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells profoundly reduces MDSC recruitment, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therapeutically, blockade of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 production in cancer cells by the hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor digoxin or blockade of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 in MDSCs by chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 neutralizing antibody could substantially suppress MDSC recruitment and tumor growth. CONCLUSION This study unprecedentedly reveals a novel molecular mechanism by which cancer cells direct MDSC homing to primary tumor and suggests that targeting MDSC recruitment represents an attractive therapeutic approach against solid cancers. (Hepatology 2016;64:797-813).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aki Pui-Wah Tse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yu Koh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lynna Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Amadio P, Baldassarre D, Sandrini L, Weksler BB, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Effect of cigarette smoke on monocyte procoagulant activity: Focus on platelet-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Platelets 2016; 28:60-65. [PMID: 27494459 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) activates platelets, promotes vascular dysfunction, and enhances Tissue Factor (TF) expression in blood monocytes favoring pro-thrombotic states. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the family of neurotrophins involved in survival, growth, and maturation of neurons, is released by activated platelets (APLTs) and plays a role in the cardiovascular system. The effect of CS on circulating levels of BDNF is controversial and the function of circulating BDNF in atherothrombosis is not fully understood. Here, we have shown that human platelets, treated with an aqueous extract of CS (CSE), released BDNF in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, incubation of human monocytes with BDNF or with the supernatant of platelets activated with CSE increased TF activity by a Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)-dependent mechanism. Finally, comparing serum and plasma samples of 12 male never smokers (NS) and 29 male active smokers (AS) we observed a significant increase in microparticle-associated TF activity (MP-TF) as well as BDNF in AS, while in serum, BDNF behaved oppositely. Taken together these findings suggest that platelet-derived BDNF is involved in the regulation of TF activity and that CS plays a role in this pathway by favoring a pro-atherothrombotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- a Centro Cardiologico Monzino , IRCCS , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Babette B Weksler
- c Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- a Centro Cardiologico Monzino , IRCCS , Milan , Italy
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Zhou JY, Zhang Z, Qian GS. Mesenchymal stem cells to treat diabetic neuropathy: a long and strenuous way from bench to the clinic. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16055. [PMID: 27551543 PMCID: PMC4979500 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common complications of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy often causes foot ulcers and even limb amputations. Inspite of continuous development in antidiabetic drugs, there is still no efficient therapy to cure diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy shows declined vascularity in peripheral nerves and lack of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been indicated as a novel emerging regenerative therapy for diabetic neuropathy because of their multipotency. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, characteristic of MSCs, effects of MSC therapies for diabetic neuropathy and its related mechanisms. In order to treat diabetic neuropathy, neurotrophic or angiogenic factors in the form of protein or gene therapy are delivered to diabetic neuropathy, but therapeutic efficiencies are very modest if not ineffective. MSC treatment reverses manifestations of diabetic neuropathy. MSCs have an important role to repair tissue and to lower blood glucose level. MSCs even paracrinely secrete neurotrophic factors, angiogenic factors, cytokines, and immunomodulatory substances to ameliorate diabetic neuropathy. There are still several challenges in the clinical translation of MSC therapy, such as safety, optimal dose of administration, optimal mode of cell delivery, issues of MSC heterogeneity, clinically meaningful engraftment, autologous or allogeneic approach, challenges with cell manufacture, and further mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Z Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037, China
| | - G S Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, 400037, China
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64
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Zembron-Lacny A, Dziubek W, Rynkiewicz M, Morawin B, Woźniewski M. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related to cardiovascular risk factors in active and inactive elderly men. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:S0100-879X2016000700603. [PMID: 27332774 PMCID: PMC4918790 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise plays an important preventive and therapeutic role in heart and vascular diseases, and beneficially affects brain function. In blood, the effects of exercise appear to be very complex and could include protection of vascular endothelial cells via neurotrophic factors and decreased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the age-related changes in peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its relationship to oxidative damage and conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, such as atherogenic index, C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL), in active and inactive men. Seventeen elderly males (61-80 years) and 17 young males (20-24 years) participated in this study. According to the 6-min Åstrand-Rhyming bike test, the subjects were classified into active and inactive groups. The young and elderly active men had a significantly better lipoprotein profile and antioxidant status, as well as reduced oxidative damage and inflammatory state. The active young and elderly men had significantly higher plasma BDNF levels compared to their inactive peers. BDNF was correlated with VO2max (r=0.765, P<0.001). In addition, we observed a significant inverse correlation of BDNF with atherogenic index (TC/HDL), hsCRP and oxLDL. The findings demonstrate that a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness reflected in VO2max was associated with a higher level of circulating BDNF, which in turn was related to common CVD risk factors and oxidative damage markers in young and elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - W. Dziubek
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Diseases, Faculty of
Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw,
Poland
| | - M. Rynkiewicz
- Department of Biological Basis of Sport, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - B. Morawin
- Department of Biological Basis of Sport, Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - M. Woźniewski
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Diseases, Faculty of
Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw,
Poland
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65
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Su YW, Chung R, Ruan CS, Chim SM, Kuek V, Dwivedi PP, Hassanshahi M, Chen KM, Xie Y, Chen L, Foster BK, Rosen V, Zhou XF, Xu J, Xian CJ. Neurotrophin-3 Induces BMP-2 and VEGF Activities and Promotes the Bony Repair of Injured Growth Plate Cartilage and Bone in Rats. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1258-74. [PMID: 26763079 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injured growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue causing bone growth defects, for which the mechanisms remain unclear. Because neurotrophins have been implicated in bone fracture repair, here we investigated their potential roles in growth plate bony repair in rats. After a drill-hole injury was made in the tibial growth plate and bone, increased injury site mRNA expression was observed for neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 and their Trk receptors. NT-3 and its receptor TrkC showed the highest induction. NT-3 was localized to repairing cells, whereas TrkC was observed in stromal cells, osteoblasts, and blood vessel cells at the injury site. Moreover, systemic NT-3 immunoneutralization reduced bone volume at injury sites and also reduced vascularization at the injured growth plate, whereas recombinant NT-3 treatment promoted bony repair with elevated levels of mRNA for osteogenic markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and increased vascularization and mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell marker CD31 at the injured growth plate. When examined in vitro, NT-3 promoted osteogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells, induced Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced expression of BMPs (particularly BMP-2) and VEGF in the mineralizing cells. It also induced CD31 and VEGF mRNA in rat primary endothelial cell culture. BMP activity appears critical for NT-3 osteogenic effect in vitro because it can be almost completely abrogated by co-addition of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Consistent with its angiogenic effect in vivo, NT-3 promoted angiogenesis in metatarsal bone explants, an effect abolished by co-treatment with anti-VEGF. This study suggests that NT-3 may be an osteogenic and angiogenic factor upstream of BMP-2 and VEGF in bony repair, and further studies are required to investigate whether NT-3 may be a potential target for preventing growth plate faulty bony repair or for promoting bone fracture healing. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shek Man Chim
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Prem P Dwivedi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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66
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Chopin V, Lagadec C, Toillon RA, Le Bourhis X. Neurotrophin signaling in cancer stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1859-70. [PMID: 26883804 PMCID: PMC11108437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be at the origin of tumor development and resistance to therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of CSC stemness is essential to the design of more effective therapies for cancer patients. Cancer cell stemness and the subsequent expansion of CSCs are regulated by micro-environmental signals including neurotrophins. Over the years, the roles of neurotrophins in tumor development have been well established and regularly reviewed. Especially, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reported to stimulate tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and/or invasion, and favors tumor angiogenesis. More recently, neurotrophins have been reported to regulate CSCs. This review briefly presents neurotrophins and their receptors, summarizes their roles in different cancers, and discusses the emerging evidence of neurotrophins-induced enrichment of CSCs as well as the involved signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chopin
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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67
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Bowling H, Bhattacharya A, Klann E, Chao MV. Deconstructing brain-derived neurotrophic factor actions in adult brain circuits to bridge an existing informational gap in neuro-cell biology. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:363-7. [PMID: 27127458 PMCID: PMC4828984 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and in preventing neurodegeneration. Despite decades of investigations into downstream signaling cascades and changes in cellular processes, the mechanisms of how BDNF reshapes circuits in vivo remain unclear. This informational gap partly arises from the fact that the bulk of studies into the molecular actions of BDNF have been performed in dissociated neuronal cultures, while the majority of studies on synaptic plasticity, learning and memory were performed in acute brain slices or in vivo. A recent study by Bowling-Bhattacharya et al., measured the proteomic changes in acute adult hippocampal slices following treatment and reported changes in proteins of neuronal and non-neuronal origin that may in concert modulate synaptic release and secretion in the slice. In this paper, we place these findings into the context of existing literature and discuss how they impact our understanding of how BDNF can reshape the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Bowling
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditi Bhattacharya
- Center for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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68
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Serra-Millàs M. Are the changes in the peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels due to platelet activation? World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:84-101. [PMID: 27014600 PMCID: PMC4804271 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in central nervous system development, neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity. BDNF is also expressed in several non-neuronal tissues, and it could play an important role in other processes, such as cancer, angiogenesis, etc. Platelets are the major source of peripheral BDNF. However, platelets also contain high amounts of serotonin; they express specific surface receptors during activation, and a multitude of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory bioactive compounds are secreted from the granules. Until recently, there was insufficient knowledge regarding the relationship between BDNF and platelets. Recent studies showed that BDNF is present in two distinct pools in platelets, in α-granules and in the cytoplasm, and only the BDNF in the granules is secreted following stimulation, representing 30% of the total BDNF in platelets. BDNF has an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Low levels of serum BDNF have been described in patients with major depressive disorder, and BDNF levels increased with chronic antidepressant treatment. Interestingly, there is an association between depression and platelet function. This review analyzed studies that evaluated the relationship between BDNF and platelet activation and the effect of treatments on both parameters. Only a few studies consider this possible confounding factor, and it could be very important in diseases such as depression, which show changes in both parameters.
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Silencing of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, inhibits retinal neovascularization via the downregulation of BDNF in oxygen-induced ischaemic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:877-87. [PMID: 26987588 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the underlying mechanism of S100A4 function and whether it has a role in retinal neovascularization (RNV) in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).MethodsRetinas from a mouse model of OIR were treated with and without an intravitreous injection of adenoviral-S100A4-RNAi or adenoviral green fluorescence protein (GFP) at postnatal day 12 (P12). At P17, the efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis. RNV was evaluated by whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of the mouse retina and by counting the number of pre-retinal neovascular cells. Protein and mRNA expression levels of S100A4, brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using western blot analysis and real-time PCR.ResultsRetinal S100A4 levels were positively correlated with the progression of RNV. In the OIR-S100A4-RNAi group, both protein and mRNA expression levels of S100A4 in the retina significantly decreased at P17 compared with those in the OIR group. Ad-S100A4-RNAi transfer was clearly demonstrated by GFP fluorescence in many layers of the retina 5 days after the Ad-S100A4-RNAi transfer. Whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of the retina and quantification of the pre-retinal neovascular cells demonstrated that RNV was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, the levels of the transcription and translation of BDNF, VEGF, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) significantly decreased in the OIR-S100A4-RNAi group.ConclusionsAd-S100A4-RNAi transfer ameliorates RNV. The related mechanism may involve silencing S100A4 to decrease the activation of BDNF, which downregulates VEGF expression via HIF-1α. This finding could provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular neovascularization diseases.
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BDNF methylation and depressive disorder in acute coronary syndrome: The K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:159-65. [PMID: 26313133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic regulation investigated by methylation tests has been associated with pathogenesis and treatment response in depressive disorders. However, these hypotheses have rarely been tested in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) vulnerable to depression. This study aimed to investigate whether brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) methylation status is associated with occurrence and treatment response of depressive disorder in ACS. METHODS Of 969 patients with recently developed ACS were recruited at baseline, 711 were followed 1 year thereafter. Depressive disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, and classified as baseline prevalent, and follow-up incident or persistent depressive disorder according to status at the two examinations. In addition, of 378 baseline participants with depressive disorder, 255 were randomized to a 24-week double blind trial of escitalopram (N=127) or placebo (N=128), while the remaining 123 received conventional medical treatment for ACS. BDNF methylation percentages were estimated using leukocyte DNA, and a range of demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated as covariates. RESULTS In logistic regression models, higher BDNF methylation status was independently associated with prevalent depressive disorder at baseline and with its persistence at follow-up. Escitalopram was more effective than placebo for treating depressive disorder in those with a higher methylation, and this effects lead to prevent persistent depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS ACS patients with higher BDNF methylation were susceptible to early depressive disorder, and to its persistence one year later. Adequate antidepressants treatment may effective particularly in those with higher BDNF methylation and then can overcome epigenetic vulnerability for depression persistence in ACS patients. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier for the 24 week drug trial, NCT00419471.
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71
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Ergul A, Valenzuela JP, Fouda AY, Fagan SC. Cellular connections, microenvironment and brain angiogenesis in diabetes: Lost communication signals in the post-stroke period. Brain Res 2015; 1623:81-96. [PMID: 25749094 PMCID: PMC4743654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes not only increases the risk but also worsens the motor and cognitive recovery after stroke, which is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Repair after stroke requires coordinated communication among various cell types in the central nervous system as well as circulating cells. Vascular restoration is critical for the enhancement of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Given that vascular disease is a major component of all complications associated with diabetes including stroke, this review will focus on cellular communications that are important for vascular restoration in the context of diabetes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviye Ergul
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - John Paul Valenzuela
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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72
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Protective Effects of BDNF against C-Reactive Protein-Induced Inflammation in Women. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:516783. [PMID: 26161003 PMCID: PMC4460236 DOI: 10.1155/2015/516783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Since high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is predictive of cardiovascular events, it is important to examine the relationship between hsCRP and other inflammatory and oxidative stress markers linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) etiology. Previously, we reported that hsCRP induces the oxidative stress adduct 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and that these markers are significantly associated in women. Recent data indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may have a role in CVD. Methods and Results. We examined BDNF levels in 3 groups of women that were age- and race-matched with low (<3 mg/L), mid (>3–20 mg/L), and high (>20 mg/L) hsCRP (n = 39 per group) and found a significant association between hsCRP, BDNF, and 8-oxodG. In African American females with high hsCRP, increases in BDNF were associated with decreased serum 8-oxodG. This was not the case in white women where high hsCRP was associated with high levels of BDNF and high levels of 8-oxodG. BDNF treatment of cells reduced CRP levels and inhibited CRP-induced DNA damage. Conclusion. We discovered an important relationship between hsCRP, 8-oxodG, and BDNF in women at hsCRP levels >3 mg/L. These data suggest that BDNF may have a protective role in counteracting the inflammatory effects of hsCRP.
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73
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Han JW, Choi D, Lee MY, Huh YH, Yoon YS. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Diabetic Neuropathy by Direct Modulation of Both Angiogenesis and Myelination in Peripheral Nerves. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:313-26. [PMID: 25975801 PMCID: PMC4889908 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that diabetic neuropathy (DN) is pathophysiologically related to both impaired angiogenesis and a deficiency of neurotrophic factors in the nerves. It is widely known that vascular and neural growths are intimately associated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote angiogenesis in ischemic diseases and have neuroprotective effects, particularly on Schwann cells. Accordingly, we investigated whether DN could be improved by local transplantation of MSCs by augmenting angiogenesis and neural regeneration such as remyelination. In sciatic nerves of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) and capillary density were reduced, and axonal atrophy and demyelination were observed. After injection of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) into hindlimb muscles, NCVs were restored to near-normal levels. Histological examination demonstrated that injected MSCs were preferentially and durably engrafted in the sciatic nerves, and a portion of the engrafted MSCs were distinctively localized close to vasa nervora of sciatic nerves. Furthermore, vasa nervora increased in density, and the ultrastructure of myelinated fibers in nerves was observed to be restored. Real-time RT-PCR experiments showed that gene expression of multiple factors involved in angiogenesis, neural function, and myelination were increased in the MSC-injected nerves. These findings suggest that MSC transplantation improved DN through direct peripheral nerve angiogenesis, neurotrophic effects, and restoration of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dabin Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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74
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Samal R, Ameling S, Dhople V, Sappa PK, Wenzel K, Völker U, Felix SB, Hammer E, Könemann S. Brain derived neurotrophic factor contributes to the cardiogenic potential of adult resident progenitor cells in failing murine heart. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120360. [PMID: 25799225 PMCID: PMC4370398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Resident cardiac progenitor cells show homing properties when injected into the injured but not to the healthy myocardium. The molecular background behind this difference in behavior needs to be studied to elucidate how adult progenitor cells can restore cardiac function of the damaged myocardium. Since the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) moderates cardioprotection in injured hearts, we focused on delineating its regulatory role in the damaged myocardium. Methods and Results Comparative gene expression profiling of freshly isolated undifferentiated Sca-1 progenitor cells derived either from heart failure transgenic αMHC-CyclinT1/Gαq overexpressing mice or wildtype littermates revealed transcriptional variations. Bdnf expression was up regulated 5-fold during heart failure which was verified by qRT-PCR and confirmed at protein level. The migratory capacity of Sca-1 cells from transgenic hearts was improved by 15% in the presence of 25ng/ml BDNF. Furthermore, BDNF-mediated effects on Sca-1 cells were studied via pulsed Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell Culture (pSILAC) proteomics approach. After BDNF treatment significant differences between newly synthesized proteins in Sca-1 cells from control and transgenic hearts were observed for CDK1, SRRT, HDGF, and MAP2K3 which are known to regulate cell cycle, survival and differentiation. Moreover BDNF repressed the proliferation of Sca-1 cells from transgenic hearts. Conclusion Comparative profiling of resident Sca-1 cells revealed elevated BDNF levels in the failing heart. Exogenous BDNF (i) stimulated migration, which might improve the homing ability of Sca-1 cells derived from the failing heart and (ii) repressed the cell cycle progression suggesting its potency to ameliorate heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmita Samal
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vishnu Dhople
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Sappa
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Wenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (EH); (SK)
| | - Stephanie Könemann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (EH); (SK)
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75
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Dalton JE, Glover AC, Hoodless L, Lim EK, Beattie L, Kirby A, Kaye PM. The neurotrophic receptor Ntrk2 directs lymphoid tissue neovascularization during Leishmania donovani infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004681. [PMID: 25710496 PMCID: PMC4339582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (Ntrk2, also known as TrkB) and its ligands brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4/5), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are known primarily for their multiple effects on neuronal differentiation and survival. Here, we provide evidence that Ntrk2 plays a role in the pathologic remodeling of the spleen that accompanies chronic infection. We show that in Leishmania donovani-infected mice, Ntrk2 is aberrantly expressed on splenic endothelial cells and that new maturing blood vessels within the white pulp are intimately associated with F4/80(hi)CD11b(lo)CD11c(+) macrophages that express Bdnf and NT-4/5 and have pro-angiogenic potential in vitro. Furthermore, administration of the small molecule Ntrk2 antagonist ANA-12 to infected mice significantly inhibited white pulp neovascularization but had no effect on red pulp vascular remodeling. We believe this to be the first evidence of the Ntrk2/neurotrophin pathway driving pathogen-induced vascular remodeling in lymphoid tissue. These studies highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating this pathway to inhibit pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Dalton
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Amy C. Glover
- Jack Birch Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hoodless
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Eng-Kiat Lim
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Alun Kirby
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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76
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Wessels JM, Leyland NA, Agarwal SK, Foster WG. Estrogen induced changes in uterine brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:925-36. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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77
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Ritfeld GJ, Patel A, Chou A, Novosat TL, Castillo DG, Roos RAC, Oudega M. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone marrow stromal cell-mediated spinal cord repair. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2209-20. [PMID: 25581479 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of intraspinal bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplants to elicit repair is thought to result from paracrine effects by secreted trophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here we used gene therapy to increase or silence BDNF production in BMSCs to investigate the role of BDNF in BMSC-mediated neuroprotection. In a spinal cord organotypic culture, BMSC-conditioned medium significantly enhanced spinal motoneuron survival by 64% compared with culture medium only. Only conditioned medium of BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs sustained this neuroprotective effect. In a rat model of spinal cord contusion, a BDNF-dependent neuroprotective effect was confirmed; only with a subacute transplant of BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs were significantly more spared motoneurons found at 4 weeks postinjury compared with vehicle controls. Spared nervous tissue volume was improved by 68% with both control BMSCs and BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs. In addition, blood vessel density in the contusion with BDNF-hypersecreting BMSCs was 35% higher compared with BMSC controls and sixfold higher compared with vehicle controls. BDNF-silenced BMSCs did not survive the first week of transplantation, and no neuroprotective effect was found at 4 weeks after transplantation. Together, our data broaden our understanding of the role of BDNF in BMSC-mediated neuroprotection and successfully exploit BDNF dependency to enhance anatomical spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby J Ritfeld
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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78
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He S, Shen L, Wu Y, Li L, Chen W, Hou C, Yang M, Zeng W, Zhu C. Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on mesenchymal stem cell-seeded electrospinning biomaterial for treating ischemic diabetic ulcers via milieu-dependent differentiation mechanism. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:928-38. [PMID: 25316594 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Great challenges in transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating ischemic diabetic ulcers (IDUs) are to find a suitable carrier and create a beneficial microenvironment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of neurotrophin family, is considered angiogenic and neuroprotective. Given that IDUs are caused by vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy, we used BDNF as a stimulant, and intended to explore the role of new biomaterials complex with MSCs in wound healing. BDNF promoted the proliferation and migration of MSCs using MTT, transwell, and cell scratch assays. The activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was also enhanced by the MSC-conditioned medium in the presence of BDNF, via a vascular endothelial growth factor-independent pathway. Since proliferated HUVECs in the BDNF group made the microenvironment more conducive to endothelial differentiation of MSCs, by establishing co-culture systems with the two cell types, endothelial cells derived from MSCs increased significantly. A new biomaterial made of polylactic acid, silk and collagen was used as the carrier dressing. After transplantation of the BDNF-stimulated MSC/biomaterial complex, the ulcers in hindlimb ischemic mice healed prominently. More blood vessel formation was observed in the wound tissue, and more MSCs were co-stained with some endothelial-specific markers such as cluster of differentiation (CD)31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in the treatment group than in the control group. These results demonstrated that BDNF could improve microenvironment in the new biomaterial, and induce MSCs to differentiate into endothelial cells indirectly, thus accelerating ischemic ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi He
- 1 Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Key Lab for Biomechanics of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
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79
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LIU YONGQIANG, SU GUOBAO, DUAN CHANGHONG, WANG JUNHUA, LIU HAIMEI, FENG NAN, WANG QINGXI, LIU XUEN, ZHANG JIE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease-related depression and antidepressant response. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3247-53. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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80
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Mitić T, Caporali A, Floris I, Meloni M, Marchetti M, Urrutia R, Angelini GD, Emanueli C. EZH2 modulates angiogenesis in vitro and in a mouse model of limb ischemia. Mol Ther 2014; 23:32-42. [PMID: 25189741 PMCID: PMC4426795 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may regulate the expression of pro-angiogenic genes, thus affecting reparative angiogenesis in ischemic limbs. The enhancer of zest homolog-2 (EZH2) induces thtrimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), which represses gene transcription. We explored (i) if EZH2 expression is regulated by hypoxia and ischemia; (ii) the impact of EZH2 on the expression of two pro-angiogenic genes: eNOS and BDNF; (iii) the functional effect of EZH2 inhibition on cultured endothelial cells (ECs); (iv) the therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibition in a mouse model of limb ischemia (LI). EZH2 expression was increased in cultured ECs exposed to hypoxia (control: normoxia) and in ECs extracted from mouse ischemic limb muscles (control: absence of ischemia). EZH2 increased the H3K27me3 abundance onto regulatory regions of eNOS and BDNF promoters. In vitro RNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition by 3-deazaneplanocin (DZNep) of EZH2 increased eNOS and BDNF mRNA and protein levels and enhanced functional capacities (migration, angiogenesis) of ECs under either normoxia or hypoxia. In mice with experimentally induced LI, DZNep increased angiogenesis in ischaemic muscles, the circulating levels of pro-angiogenic hematopoietic cells and blood flow recovery. Targeting EZH2 for inhibition may open new therapeutic avenues for patients with limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Mitić
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- 1] Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK [2] Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Micol Marchetti
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- 1] Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK [2] National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College of London, London, England, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- 1] Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK [2] National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College of London, London, England, UK
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81
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BDNF and its TrkB receptor in human fracture healing. Ann Anat 2014; 196:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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82
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Emanueli C, Meloni M, Hasan W, Habecker BA. The biology of neurotrophins: cardiovascular function. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 220:309-28. [PMID: 24668478 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-45106-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter addresses the role of neurotrophins in the development of the heart, blood vessels, and neural circuits that control cardiovascular function, as well as the role of neurotrophins in the mature cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and vasculature whose functions are tightly controlled by the nervous system. Neurons, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes are all targets for neurotrophin action during development. Neurotrophin expression continues throughout life, and several common pathologies that impact cardiovascular function involve changes in the expression or activity of neurotrophins. These include atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many of these conditions, altered expression of neurotrophins and/or neurotrophin receptors has direct effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in addition to effects on nerves that modulate vascular resistance and cardiac function. This chapter summarizes the effects of neurotrophins in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Emanueli
- Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,
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83
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity in the developed world and results in chronic disability in many cases. The literature related to the critical factors that regulate tissue self-regeneration in stroke is still limited, which restricts effective therapy. However, optimism in this area has been provided by recent research. The mechanisms involved in tissue regeneration and the mode of the participation of stem/progenitor cells and soluble protein neurotrophic factors in this process may yield a more complete understanding of the nature of stroke. This review summarizes the current understanding of both cellular and humoral issues with a particular emphasis on how these issues contribute to tissue regeneration in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Machalinski
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
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84
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Levels of brain derived neurotrophic factors across gestation in women with preeclampsia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 37:36-40. [PMID: 24955870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy complication of placental origin which leads to adverse pregnancy outcome. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to promote trophoblast growth and regulate placental and fetal development. This study for the first time examines the levels of maternal plasma BDNF at various time points during gestation, cord plasma and placental BDNF levels and their association with birth outcome in women with PE. Normotensive control (NC) women (n=89) and women with PE (n=61) were followed at three different time points [16-20 weeks (T1), 26-30 weeks (T2) and at delivery (T3)]. Maternal blood at all time points and cord blood was collected. Results indicate that maternal BDNF levels at T1 (p=0.050) and T3 (p=0.025) were lower in women with PE than in NC women. Cord BDNF levels at delivery in women with PE were lower (p=0.032) than those in NC women. Placental BDNF gene expression was also lower (p=0.0082) in women with PE than in NC women. Our data suggests that BDNF plays an important role in the development of the materno-fetal-placental unit during pregnancy. Alteration in the levels of BDNF during pregnancy may be associated with an abnormal development of the placenta resulting in PE.
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85
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Ghim J, Moon JS, Lee CS, Lee J, Song P, Lee A, Jang JH, Kim D, Yoon JH, Koh YJ, Chelakkot C, Kang BJ, Kim JM, Kim KL, Yang YR, Kim Y, Kim SH, Hwang D, Suh PG, Koh GY, Kong YY, Ryu SH. Endothelial deletion of phospholipase D2 reduces hypoxic response and pathological angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1697-703. [PMID: 24947526 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant regulation of the proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) is closely related to the abnormal angiogenesis that occurs in hypoxia-induced pathological situations, such as cancer and vascular retinopathy. Hypoxic conditions and the subsequent upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and target genes are important for the angiogenic functions of ECs. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is a crucial signaling mediator that stimulates the production of the second messenger phosphatidic acid. PLD2 is involved in various cellular functions; however, its specific roles in ECs under hypoxia and in vivo angiogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential roles of PLD2 in ECs under hypoxia and in hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Pld2 knockout ECs exhibited decreased hypoxia-induced cellular responses in survival, migration, and thus vessel sprouting. Analysis of hypoxia-induced gene expression revealed that PLD2 deficiency disrupted the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α target genes, including VEGF, PFKFB3, HMOX-1, and NTRK2. Consistent with this, PLD2 contributed to hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression at the translational level. The roles of PLD2 in hypoxia-induced in vivo pathological angiogenesis were assessed using oxygen-induced retinopathy and tumor implantation models in endothelial-specific Pld2 knockout mice. Pld2 endothelial-specific knockout retinae showed decreased neovascular tuft formation, despite a larger avascular region. Tumor growth and tumor blood vessel formation were also reduced in Pld2 endothelial-specific knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel role for endothelial PLD2 in the survival and migration of ECs under hypoxia via the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and in pathological retinal angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Ghim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Jin-Sook Moon
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Junyeop Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Parkyong Song
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Areum Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Dayea Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Young Jun Koh
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Chaithanya Chelakkot
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Byung Jun Kang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Kyung Lock Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Youngmi Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Daehee Hwang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Gou Young Koh
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.)
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- From the Department of Life Sciences (J.G., J.-S.M., C.S.L., P.S., A.L., D.K., J.H.Y., B.J.K, J.-M.K., K.L.K., Y.R.Y., Y.K., S.-H.K., P.-G.S., Y.-Y.K., S.H.R.), School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (J.-H.J., D.H., S.H.R.), Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (C.C., S.H.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.H.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea; and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea (J.L., Y.J.K, G.Y.K.).
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86
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Usui T, Naruo A, Okada M, Hayabe Y, Yamawaki H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes angiogenic tube formation through generation of oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:385-94. [PMID: 24612679 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major type of neurotrophins, plays a role in the regulation of synaptic function. Recent studies suggest that BDNF promotes angiogenesis through its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). However, the detailed mechanisms for this still remain to be determined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms by which BDNF regulates angiogenesis with focusing on ROS in cultured human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS In human umbilical vein ECs, BDNF increased ROS generation as measured fluorometrically using 2' 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as well as NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity as measured by lucigenin assay. BDNF-induced ROS generation and NOX activity were inhibited by K252a, a TrkB receptor inhibitor. BDNF induced phosphorylation of p47 phox, a regulatory component of NOX, which was inhibited by K252a as measured by Western blotting. BDNF increased angiogenic tube formation in ECs, which was completely inhibited by K252a or gp91ds-tat, a NOX inhibitor. BDNF caused Akt phosphorylation in ECs, which was inhibited by K252a or gp91ds-tat. CONCLUSION The present results for the first time demonstrate that BDNF induces NOX-derived ROS generation through activation of p47 phox in a TrkB receptor-dependent manner, which leads to the promotion of angiogenic tube formation possibly via Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - A. Naruo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - Y. Hayabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Aomori Japan
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87
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Deindl E. Mechanistic insights into the functional role of vascular endothelial growth factor and its signalling partner brain-derived neurotrophic factor in angiogenic tube formation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:268-70. [PMID: 24720532 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
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88
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Wessels JM, Wu L, Leyland NA, Wang H, Foster WG. The brain-uterus connection: brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor (Ntrk2) are conserved in the mammalian uterus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94036. [PMID: 24714156 PMCID: PMC3979719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophins are neuropeptides that are potent regulators of neurite growth and survival. Although mainly studied in the brain and nervous system, recent reports have shown that neurotrophins are expressed in multiple target tissues and cell types throughout the body. Additionally, dysregulation of neurotrophins has been linked to several disease conditions including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, psychiatric disorders, and cancer. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family that elicits its actions through the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase type 2 (Ntrk2). Together BDNF and Ntrk2 are capable of activating the adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation pathways. These pathways are prominently involved in reproductive physiology, yet a cross-species examination of BDNF and Ntrk2 expression in the mammalian uterus is lacking. Herein we demonstrated the conserved nature of BDNF and Ntrk2 across several mammalian species by mRNA and protein sequence alignment, isolated BDNF and Ntrk2 transcripts in the uterus by Real-Time PCR, localized both proteins to the glandular and luminal epithelium, vascular smooth muscle, and myometrium of the uterus, determined that the major isoforms expressed in the human endometrium were pro-BDNF, and truncated Ntrk2, and finally demonstrated antibody specificity. Our findings suggest that BDNF and Ntrk2 are transcribed, translated, and conserved across mammalian species including human, mouse, rat, pig, horse, and the bat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Wessels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas A Leyland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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89
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Li YJ, Yang CS, Lei L, Wu KF, Yang PT, Xiao WG. Serum nerve grow factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor profiles in Sjögren's syndrome concomitant with interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:1161-4. [PMID: 24691584 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the serum levels and clinical significance of nerve grow factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Fifty two untreated patients with SS were enrolled in the study. Of them, 25 patients only displayed salivary glands damage and/or lacrimal gland injury (simple SS group). The other 27 patients were lacrimal and/or salivary gland involvement as well as being concomitant only with intestinal lung disease (ILD group). Twenty-five serum samples from healthy volunteers were examined as controls. We measure serum NGF and BDNF levels by ELISA and correlate them with clinical data. Serum NGF levels were significantly higher in ILD patients (372 ± 129 pg/ml) and simple SS patients (293 ± 72 pg/ml) when compared with healthy controls (187 ± 47 pg/ml) (both p < 0.01). Significant difference were also found between the two patient groups (p < 0.01). In contrast, BDNF were significantly decreased in ILD patients (1,005 ± 143 pg/ml) when compared with either simple SS patients (1,204 ± 176 pg/ml, p < 0.01) or healthy controls (1,217 ± 155 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed NGF levels in ILD patient were positively correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein and IgG (both p < 0.05). The abnormal NGF and BDNF in sera may be a potential character of ILD secondary to pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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90
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Mysona BA, Shanab AY, Elshaer SL, El-Remessy AB. Nerve growth factor in diabetic retinopathy: beyond neurons. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 9:99-107. [PMID: 25031607 PMCID: PMC4096131 DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2014.903157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major ocular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness in US working age adults with limited treatments. Neurotrophins (NTs), a family of proteins essential for growth, differentiation and survival of retinal neurons, have emerged as potential players in the pathogenesis of DR. NTs can signal through their corresponding tropomyosin kinase related receptor to mediate cell survival or through the p75 neurotrophin receptor with the co-receptor, sortilin, to mediate cell death. This review focuses on the role of NGF, the first discovered NT, in the development of DR. Impaired processing of proNGF has been found in ocular fluids from diabetic patients as well as experimental models. Evidence from literature and our studies support the notion that NTs appear to play multiple potential roles in DR, hence, understanding their contribution to DR may lead to promising therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Mysona
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmed Y Shanab
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sally L Elshaer
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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91
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Jonczyk MS, Simon M, Kumar S, Fernandes VE, Sylvius N, Mallon AM, Denny P, Andrew PW. Genetic factors regulating lung vasculature and immune cell functions associate with resistance to pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89831. [PMID: 24594938 PMCID: PMC3940657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The susceptibility to pneumococcal infections is controlled by as yet unknown genetic factors. To elucidate these factors could help to develop new medical treatments and tools to identify those most at risk. In recent years genome wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and humans have proved successful in identification of causal genes involved in many complex diseases for example diabetes, systemic lupus or cholesterol metabolism. In this study a GWAS approach was used to map genetic loci associated with susceptibility to pneumococcal infection in 26 inbred mouse strains. As a result four candidate QTLs were identified on chromosomes 7, 13, 18 and 19. Interestingly, the QTL on chromosome 7 was located within S. pneumoniae resistance QTL (Spir1) identified previously in a linkage study of BALB/cOlaHsd and CBA/CaOlaHsd F2 intercrosses. We showed that only a limited number of genes encoded within the QTLs carried phenotype-associated polymorphisms (22 genes out of several hundred located within the QTLs). These candidate genes are known to regulate TGFβ signalling, smooth muscle and immune cells functions. Interestingly, our pulmonary histopathology and gene expression data demonstrated, lung vasculature plays an important role in resistance to pneumococcal infection. Therefore we concluded that the cumulative effect of these candidate genes on vasculature and immune cells functions as contributory factors in the observed differences in susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We also propose that TGFβ-mediated regulation of fibroblast differentiation plays an important role in development of invasive pneumococcal disease. Gene expression data submitted to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus Accession No: GSE49533 SNP data submitted to NCBI dbSNP Short Genetic Variation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_viewTable.cgi?handle=MUSPNEUMONIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda S. Jonczyk
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saumya Kumar
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor E. Fernandes
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Denny
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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92
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Cao L, Zhang L, Chen S, Yuan Z, Liu S, Shen X, Zheng X, Qi X, Lee KKH, Chan JYH, Cai D. BDNF-mediated migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells is impaired during ageing. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:3105-15. [PMID: 22925160 PMCID: PMC4393738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote young cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) to migrate via the activation of the BDNF-TrkB-FL-PI3K/Akt pathway, which may benefit angiogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the ageing of CMECs led to changes in the expression of receptor Trk isoforms in that among the three isoforms (TrkB-FL, TrkB-T1 and TrkB-T2), only one of its truncated isoforms, TrkB-T1, continued to be expressed, which leads to the dysfunction of its ligand, a decrease in the migration of CMECs and increased injury in ageing hearts. This shift in receptor isoforms in aged CMECs, together with changes in the ageing microenvironment, might predispose ageing hearts to decreased angiogenic potential and increased cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, China
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93
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Chaitanya GV, Minagar A, Alexander JS. Neuronal and astrocytic interactions modulate brain endothelial properties during metabolic stresses of in vitro cerebral ischemia. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24438487 PMCID: PMC3927849 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular and gliovascular interactions significantly affect endothelial phenotype. Physiologically, brain endothelium attains several of its properties by its intimate association with neurons and astrocytes. However, during cerebrovascular pathologies such as cerebral ischemia, the uncoupling of neurovascular and gliovascular units can result in several phenotypical changes in brain endothelium. The role of neurovascular and gliovascular uncoupling in modulating brain endothelial properties during cerebral ischemia is not clear. Specifically, the roles of metabolic stresses involved in cerebral ischemia, including aglycemia, hypoxia and combined aglycemia and hypoxia (oxygen glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation, OGDR) in modulating neurovascular and gliovascular interactions are not known. The complex intimate interactions in neurovascular and gliovascular units are highly difficult to recapitulate in vitro. However, in the present study, we used a 3D co-culture model of brain endothelium with neurons and astrocytes in vitro reflecting an intimate neurovascular and gliovascular interactions in vivo. While the cellular signaling interactions in neurovascular and gliovascular units in vivo are much more complex than the 3D co-culture models in vitro, we were still able to observe several important phenotypical changes in brain endothelial properties by metabolically stressed neurons and astrocytes including changes in barrier, lymphocyte adhesive properties, endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and in vitro angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA.
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94
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Goldstein JM, Handa RJ, Tobet SA. Disruption of fetal hormonal programming (prenatal stress) implicates shared risk for sex differences in depression and cardiovascular disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:140-58. [PMID: 24355523 PMCID: PMC3917309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and women have a two times greater risk than men. Thus understanding the pathophysiology has widespread implications for attenuation and prevention of disease burden. We suggest that sex-dependent MDD-CVD comorbidity may result from alterations in fetal programming consequent to the prenatal maternal environments that produce excess glucocorticoids, which then drive sex-dependent developmental alterations of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis circuitry impacting mood, stress regulation, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the vasculature in adulthood. Evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that disruptions of pathways associated with gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neuronal and vascular development and growth factors have critical roles in key developmental periods and adult responses to injury in heart and brain. Understanding the potential fetal origins of these sex differences will contribute to development of novel sex-dependent therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Connors Center for Women's Health & Gender Biology, 1620 Tremont St. BC-3-34, Boston, MA 02120, USA; BWH, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, 1620 Tremont St. BC-3-34, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | - R J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - S A Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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95
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Toward clinically applicable biomarkers in bipolar disorder: focus on BDNF, inflammatory markers, and endothelial function. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2013; 15:425. [PMID: 24243532 PMCID: PMC3926699 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-013-0425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of biomarkers to many branches of medicine is illustrated by their utility in diagnosis and monitoring treatment response and outcome. There is much enthusiasm in the field of mood disorders on the emergence of clinically relevant biomarkers with several potential targets. While there are generally accepted criteria to establish a biomarker, such approaches are premature for our field as we acquire evidence on the most relevant candidates. A number of components of the inflammatory pathway are supported by published data together with an increasing focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These markers may have measurable impacts on endothelial function, which may be particularly amenable to study in clinical samples. The adolescent population is a key focus as identifying biomarkers before the onset of comorbid medical conditions and which may help direct early intervention seem especially promising. A systematic approach to biomarker development in mood disorders is clearly warranted.
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96
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Whiteman AS, Young DE, He X, Chen TC, Wagenaar RC, Stern CE, Schon K. Interaction between serum BDNF and aerobic fitness predicts recognition memory in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2013; 259:302-12. [PMID: 24269495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence from human and non-human animal studies suggests aerobic exercise and increased aerobic capacity may be beneficial for brain health and cognition. It is thought growth factors may mediate this putative relationship, particularly by augmenting plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for learning and memory. Among these factors, glucocorticoids, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hormones that have considerable and diverse physiological importance, are thought to effect normal and exercise-induced hippocampal plasticity. Despite these predictions, relatively few published human studies have tested hypotheses that relate exercise and fitness to the hippocampus, and none have considered the potential links to all of these hormonal components. Here we present cross-sectional data from a study of recognition memory; serum BDNF, cortisol, IGF-1, and VEGF levels; and aerobic capacity in healthy young adults. We measured circulating levels of these hormones together with performance on a recognition memory task, and a standard graded treadmill test of aerobic fitness. Regression analyses demonstrated BDNF and aerobic fitness predict recognition memory in an interactive manner. In addition, IGF-1 was positively associated with aerobic fitness, but not with recognition memory. Our results may suggest an exercise adaptation-related change in the BDNF dose-response curve that relates to hippocampal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Whiteman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Memory & Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel E Young
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xuemei He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tai C Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Robert C Wagenaar
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Department of Psychology and Center for Memory & Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Karin Schon
- Department of Psychology and Center for Memory & Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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97
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Kawamura K, Kawamura N, Okamoto N, Manabe M. Suppression of choriocarcinoma invasion and metastasis following blockade of BDNF/TrkB signaling. Cancer Med 2013; 2:849-61. [PMID: 24403258 PMCID: PMC3892389 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts through its cognate receptor tyrosine kinase-B (TrkB) to regulate diverse physiological functions in reproductive and other tissues. In normal and malignant trophoblastic cells, the BDNF/TrkB signaling promotes cell growth. Due to the highly malignant nature of choriocarcinoma, we investigated possible involvement of this system in choriocarcinoma cell invasion and metastasis. We demonstrated that treatment of cultured choriocarcinoma cells, known to express both BDNF and TrkB, with a soluble TrkB ectodomain or a Trk receptor inhibitor K252a suppressed cell invasion accompanied with decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, a cell invasion marker. In vivo studies using a tumor xenograft model in athymic nude mice further showed inhibition of cell invasion from tumors to surrounding tissues following the suppression of endogenous TrkB signaling. For an in vivo model of choriocarcinoma metastasis, we performed intravenous injections of JAR cells expressing firefly luciferase into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Treatment with K252a inhibited metastasis of tumors to distant organs. In vivo K252a treatment also suppressed metastatic tumor growth as reflected by decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis and caspases-3/7 activities, together with reduced tissue levels of a tumor marker, human chorionic gonadotropin-β. In vivo suppression of TrkB signaling also led to decreased expression of angiogenic markers in metastatic tumor, including cluster of differentiation 31 and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Our findings suggested essential autocrine/paracrine roles of the BDNF/TrkB signaling system in choriocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of this signaling could serve as the basis to develop a novel therapy for patients with choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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98
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Halade GV, Ma Y, Ramirez TA, Zhang J, Dai Q, Hensler JG, Lopez EF, Ghasemi O, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Reduced BDNF attenuates inflammation and angiogenesis to improve survival and cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1830-42. [PMID: 24142413 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases in failing hearts, but BDNF roles in cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) are unclear. Male BDNF(+/+) [wild-type (WT)] and BDNF(+/-) heterozygous (HET) mice at 6-9 mo of age were subjected to MI and evaluated at days 1, 3, 5, 7, or 28 post-MI. At day 28 post-MI, 76% of HET versus 40% of WT survived, whereas fractional shortening improved and neovascularization levels were reduced in the HET (all, P < 0.05). At day 1, post-MI, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased in WT, but not in HET. Concomitantly, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and -5 levels increased and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A decreased in HET. Neutrophil infiltration peaked at days 1-3 in WT mice, and this increase was blunted in HET. To determine if MPO administration could rescue the HET phenotype, MPO was injected at 3 h post-MI. MPO restored VEGF-A levels without altering matrix metalloproteinase-9 or neutrophil content. In conclusion, reduced BDNF levels modulated the early inflammatory and neovascularization responses, leading to improved survival and reduced cardiac remodeling at day 28 post-MI. Thus reduced BDNF attenuates early inflammation following MI by modulating MPO and angiogenic response through VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, Texas
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99
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Philippart P, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, Najar M, Pieters K, De Bruyn C, Bron D, Lagneaux L. In vivo production of mesenchymal stromal cells after injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma activated by recombinant human soluble tissue factor in the bone marrow of healthy volunteers. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:160-70. [PMID: 23924315 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies offer one of the most promising and safe methods for regeneration or reconstruction of tissues and organs. Routine procedures to obtain adequate amount of autologous stem cells need their expansion through culture, with risks of contamination and cell differentiation, leading to the loss of cell ability for therapies. We suggest the use of human bone marrow (BM) as a physiological bioreactor to produce autologous MSC by injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma activated by recombinant human soluble tissue factor (rhsTF) in iliac crest. A trial on 13 healthy volunteers showed the feasibility and harmlessness of the procedure. The phenotype and cellularity of BM cells were not modified, on day 3 after injection. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were mobilized to the bloodstream, without stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). MSC level in BM increased with a specific commitment to preosteoblastic cell population both in vivo and in vitro. This self-stimulation system of BM seems thus to be a promising feasible process 3 days before clinical cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philippart
- 1 Department of Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, HIS Site Bracops , Brussels, Belgium
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100
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A ‘tête-à tête’ between cancer stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:115-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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