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Douglas G, Hale AB, Patel J, Chuaiphichai S, Al Haj Zen A, Rashbrook VS, Trelfa L, Crabtree MJ, McNeill E, Channon KM. Roles for endothelial cell and macrophage Gch1 and tetrahydrobiopterin in atherosclerosis progression. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1385-1399. [PMID: 29596571 PMCID: PMC6054219 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims GTP cyclohydrolase I catalyses the first and rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Both eNOS and iNOS have been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis, with opposing effects in eNOS and iNOS knockout mice. However, the pathophysiologic requirement for BH4 in regulating both eNOS and iNOS function, and the effects of loss of BH4 on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Methods and results Hyperlipidemic mice deficient in Gch1 in endothelial cells and leucocytes were generated by crossing Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice with ApoE-/- mice. Deficiency of Gch1 and BH4 in endothelial cells and myeloid cells was associated with mildly increased blood pressure. High fat feeding for 6 weeks in Gch1fl/flTie2CreApoE-/- mice resulted in significantly decreased circulating BH4 levels, increased atherosclerosis burden and increased plaque macrophage content. Gch1fl/flTie2CreApoE-/- mice showed hallmarks of endothelial cell dysfunction, with increased aortic VCAM-1 expression and decreased endothelial cell dependent vasodilation. Furthermore, loss of BH4 from pro-inflammatory macrophages resulted in increased foam cell formation and altered cellular redox signalling, with decreased expression of antioxidant genes and increased reactive oxygen species. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that loss of Gch1 in both endothelial cells and leucocytes is required to accelerate atherosclerosis. Conclusion Both endothelial cell and macrophage BH4 play important roles in the regulation of NOS function and cellular redox signalling in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ashley B Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Victoria S Rashbrook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lucy Trelfa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Khosravi M, Hosseini-Fard R, Najafi M. Circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL). Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0024/hmbci-2018-0024.xml. [PMID: 30059347 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are known as atherogenic agents in coronary artery diseases. They modify to other electronegative forms and may be the subject for improvement of inflammatory events in vessel subendothelial spaces. The circulating LDL value is associated with the plasma PCSK-9 level. They internalize into macrophages using the lysosomal receptor-mediated pathways. LDL uptake is related to the membrane scavenger receptors, modifications of lipid and protein components of LDL particles, vesicular maturation and lipid stores of cells. Furthermore, LDL vesicular trafficking is involved with the function of some proteins such as Rab and Lamp families. These proteins also help in the transportation of free cholesterol from lysosome into the cytosol. The aggregation of lipids in the cytosol is a starting point for the formation of foam cells so that they may participate in the primary core of atherosclerosis plaques. The effects of macrophage subclasses are different in the formation and remodeling of plaques. This review is focused on the cellular and molecular events involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Biochemistry Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09155192401
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Wang X, Gray Z, Willette-Brown J, Zhu F, Shi G, Jiang Q, Song NY, Dong L, Hu Y. Macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase circulates inflammation and promotes lung carcinogenesis. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:46. [PMID: 29844930 PMCID: PMC5967330 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is highly associated with increased pulmonary macrophage infiltration. Previously, we showed that marked pulmonary infiltrating macrophages were required for spontaneous lung SCC development in a mouse model (L-IkkαKA/KA, KA/KA) that resembles human lung SCC. Interestingly the lung SCC-associated macrophages specifically express elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). However, the role of macrophage NOS2 in lung carcinogenesis has not been explored. Here, we show that NOS2 ablation inhibits macrophage infiltration, fibrosis, and SCC development in the lungs of KA/KA mice. Macrophage NOS2 was found to circulate inflammation and enhance macrophage migration and survival. NOS2 promotes foamy macrophage formation characterized with impaired lipid metabolism. NOS2 null bone marrow transplantation reduces foamy macrophage numbers and carcinogenesis in KA/KA chimaeras. This finding sheds light on a new mechanism by which macrophage NOS2 increases pulmonary inflammatory responses and macrophage survival and impairs macrophage lipid metabolism, thereby promoting lung SCC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA.,4The Respiratory Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013 China
| | - Zane Gray
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
| | - Jami Willette-Brown
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
| | - Gongping Shi
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- 2Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Na-Young Song
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
| | - Liang Dong
- 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Yinling Hu
- 1Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA 21701 USA
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Wang Z, Shi H, Zhao H, Dong Z, Zhao B, Weng X, Liu R, Hu K, Zou Y, Sun A, Ge J. Naoxintong Retards Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Foam Cell Formation Through Activating Pparα Pathway. Curr Mol Med 2018; 18:698-710. [PMID: 30734676 PMCID: PMC6463403 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190207143207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS We recently reported that Naoxintong (NXT), a China Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cardiac medicine, could reduce the plaque size, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive now. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of NXT on foam cell accumulation both in vivo and in vitro and explored related mechanisms. METHOD THP-1 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) with/without Naoxintong. ApoE-/- mice fed an atherogenic diet were administered to receive NXT for eight weeks. Macrophage-derived foam cell formation in plaques was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of proteins was evaluated by Western blot. Lentivirus was used to knockdown PPARα in THP-1 cells. RESULTS After NXT treatment, foam cell accumulation was significantly reduced in atherosclerotic plaques. Further investigation revealed that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake was significantly decreased and expression of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and class B (SR-B and CD36) was significantly downregulated post-NXT treatment. On the other hand, NXT increased cholesterol efflux and upregulated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCA-1 and ABCG-1) in macrophages. Above beneficial effects of NXT were partly abolished after lentiviral knockdown of PPARα. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NXT could retard atherosclerosis by inhibiting foam cell formation through reducing ox-LDL uptake and enhancing cholesterol efflux and above beneficial effects are partly mediated through PPARα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, ZheJiang, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Buchang Zhao
- Shandong Buchang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiao lia
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, LiShui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, ZheJiang, China
- Shandong Buchang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
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von Hundelshausen P, Duchene J. Platelet-derived chemokines in atherosclerosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:137-41. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryIn atherosclerosis, activated platelets have been recently recognised not only to participate in thrombotic events but also to play an essential role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Upon their activation, platelets release several pro-inflammatory mediators including chemokines. Chemokines are key molecules in inflammation as they are able to recruit leukocytes, modulate their activation/differentiation and control their proliferation/apoptosis.In this review we will discuss recent findings regarding the specific roles of chemokines released by platelets on leukocytes and their effects on atherosclerosis.
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Layhadi JA, Turner J, Crossman D, Fountain SJ. ATP Evokes Ca 2+ Responses and CXCL5 Secretion via P2X 4 Receptor Activation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1159-1168. [PMID: 29255078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes sense extracellular ATP, a danger-associated molecular pattern, released during cellular stress and death, via activation of cell surface P2X and P2Y receptors. Here, we investigate P2 receptor expression in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and receptors that mediate ATP-evoked intracellular [Ca2+]i signals and cytokine production in response to ATP concentrations that exclude P2X7 receptor activation. Expression of P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, and P2Y13 was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. ATP elicited intracellular Ca2+ responses in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 = 11.4 ± 2.9 μM, n = 3). P2Y11 and P2Y13 activations mediated the amplitude of [Ca2+]i response, whereas P2X4 activation, but not P2X1 or P2X7, determined the duration of Ca2+ response during a sustained phase. ATP mediated gene induction of CXCL5, a proinflammatory chemokine. P2X4 antagonism (PSB-12062 or BX430) inhibited ATP-mediated induction of CXCL5 gene expression and secretion of CXCL5 by primary macrophage. Inhibition of CXCL5 secretion by P2X4 antagonists was lost in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ Reciprocally, positive allosteric modulation of P2X4 (ivermectin) augmented ATP-mediated CXCL5 secretion. P2X7, P2Y11, or P2Y13 receptor did not contribute to CXCL5 secretion. Together, the data reveals a role for P2X4 in determining the duration of ATP-evoked Ca2+ responses and CXCL5 secretion in human primary macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Layhadi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Turner
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Crossman
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;
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Ravi S, Schuck RN, Hilliard E, Lee CR, Dai X, Lenhart K, Willis MS, Jensen BC, Stouffer GA, Patterson C, Schisler JC. Clinical Evidence Supports a Protective Role for CXCL5 in Coronary Artery Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2895-2911. [PMID: 29153655 PMCID: PMC5718092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to measure the association of CXCL5 and molecular phenotypes associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients at least 65 years old. CXCL5 is classically defined as a proinflammatory chemokine, but its role in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis, is not well defined. We enrolled individuals who were at least 65 years old and undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Coronary artery disease (CAD) severity was quantified in each subject via coronary angiography by calculating a CAD score. Circulating CXCL5 levels were measured from plasma, and both DNA genotyping and mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified via microarray gene chips. We observed a negative association of CXCL5 levels with CAD at an odds ratio (OR) of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27-0.75). Controlling for covariates, including sex, statin use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, self-reported race, smoking, and diabetes, the OR was not significantly affected [OR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31-0.96)], consistent with a protective role for CXCL5 in coronary atherosclerosis. We also identified 18 genomic regions with expression quantitative trait loci of genes correlated with both CAD severity and circulating CXCL5 levels. Our clinical findings are consistent with the emerging link between chemokines and atherosclerosis and suggest new therapeutic targets for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ravi
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert N Schuck
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eleanor Hilliard
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Craig R Lee
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xuming Dai
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kaitlin Lenhart
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - George A Stouffer
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cam Patterson
- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Escate R, Mata P, Cepeda JM, Padreó T, Badimon L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2017; 32:601-612. [PMID: 32172543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) conveys a high risk of premature atherosclerosis as a result of lifelong exposure to high LDL cholesterol levels that are not fully reduced by standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment. Inflammatory mediators have played a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated whether innate immunity cells in patients with FH have a specific proinflammatory phenotype that is distinct from that of cells in normal participants. To this end, miR-505-3p-a microRNA related to chronic inflammation-and its target genes were investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs) of patients with FH (FH-MACs) and non-FH controls (co-MACs). On the basis of the profiler PCR array analysis of agomiR-505-3p-transfected MACs, we identified the chemokine receptors, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1, as genes that are regulated by miR-505-3p via the transcription factor, RUNX1. miR-505-3p was significantly down-regulated, whereas CCR3, CCR4, CXCR, and RUNX1 were increased in FH-MAC compared with co-MAC, with the increase being more evident in the proinflammatory M1-like FH-MAC. Chemokine receptor levels were unrelated to LDL plasma levels at entry, but correlated with age in patients with FH, not in controls. In summary, we demonstrate for first time to our knowledge that MACs from FH-MACs have an inflammatory phenotype that is characterized by the up-regulation of CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1 under the control of miR-505-3p. These results suggest a chronic inflammatory condition in FH innate immunity cells that is not reverted by standard lipid-lowering treatment.-Escate, R., Mata, P., Cepeda, J.M., Padró, T., Badimon, L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J. 32, 601-612 (2018). www.fasebj.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundacion Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Cepeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Teresa Padreó
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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López-Cotarelo P, Gómez-Moreira C, Criado-García O, Sánchez L, Rodríguez-Fernández JL. Beyond Chemoattraction: Multifunctionality of Chemokine Receptors in Leukocytes. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:927-941. [PMID: 28935522 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The word chemokine is a combination of the words chemotactic and cytokine, in other words cytokines that promote chemotaxis. Hence, the term chemokine receptor refers largely to the ability to regulate chemoattraction. However, these receptors can modulate additional leukocyte functions, as exemplified by the case of CCR7 which, apart from chemotaxis, regulates survival, migratory speed, endocytosis, differentiation and cytoarchitecture. We present evidence highlighting that multifunctionality is a common feature of chemokine receptors. Based on the activities that they regulate, we suggest that chemokine receptors can be classified into inflammatory (which control both inflammatory and homeostatic functions) and homeostatic families. The information accrued also suggests that the non-chemotactic functions controlled by chemokine receptors may contribute to optimizing leukocyte functioning under normal physiological conditions and during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Carolina Gómez-Moreira
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Olga Criado-García
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Equal first authors
| | - Lucas Sánchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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60
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Lunn TH, Dawes JM, Denk F, Bennett DL, Husted H, Kehlet H, McMahon SB. Preoperative ultraviolet B inflammation in skin: Modelling individual differences in acute postoperative pain and neuro-immune interactions. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:170-180. [PMID: 28913854 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimmune interactions play a vital role in many of the most common pain conditions, such as arthritis. There have been many attempts to derive clinically predictive information from an individual's inflammatory response in order to gauge subsequent pain perception. OBJECTIVES Here, we wanted to test whether this effort could be enhanced and complemented by the use of a model system which takes into account the function of not just circulating, but also tissue-resident immune cells: ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin. METHODS We conducted psychophysical and transcriptional analysis of hyperalgesia arising as a result of UVB-induced inflammation in patients before total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 23). Levels of acute postoperative pain were assessed and correlated with preoperative data. RESULTS Cytokine and chemokine responses after UVB irradiation were found to be inversely correlated with the level of pain experienced after surgery (Spearman's ρ = -0.498). CONCLUSION It may be possible to use this simple model to study and predict the nature of neuro-immune responses at more remote, clinically relevant sites. SIGNIFICANCE A simple model of UVB inflammation in the skin might predict the degree of a patient's neuro-immune response and the extent of their postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lunn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - F Denk
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - D L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - H Husted
- The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - H Kehlet
- The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Surgical Pathophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - S B McMahon
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
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The atopic dermatitis blood signature is characterized by increases in inflammatory and cardiovascular risk proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8707. [PMID: 28821884 PMCID: PMC5562859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond classic “allergic”/atopic comorbidities, atopic dermatitis (AD) emerges as systemic disease with increased cardiovascular risk. To better define serum inflammatory and cardiovascular risk proteins, we used an OLINK high-throughput proteomic assay to analyze moderate-to-severe AD (n = 59) compared to psoriasis (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 18). Compared to controls, 10 proteins were increased in serum of both diseases, including Th1 (IFN-γ, CXCL9, TNF-β) and Th17 (CCL20) markers. 48 proteins each were uniquely upregulated in AD and psoriasis. Consistent with skin expression, AD serum showed up-regulation of Th2 (IL-13, CCL17, eotaxin-1/CCL11, CCL13, CCL4, IL-10), Th1 (CXCL10, CXCL11) and Th1/Th17/Th22 (IL-12/IL-23p40) responses. Surprisingly, some markers of atherosclerosis (fractalkine/CX3CL1, CCL8, M-CSF, HGF), T-cell development/activation (CD40L, IL-7, CCL25, IL-2RB, IL-15RA, CD6) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) were significantly increased only in AD. Multiple inflammatory pathways showed stronger enrichment in AD than psoriasis. Several atherosclerosis mediators in serum (e.g. E-selectin, PI3/elafin, CCL7, IL-16) correlated with SCORAD, but not BMI. Also, AD inflammatory mediators (e.g. MMP12, IL-12/IL-23p40, CXCL9, CCL22, PI3/Elafin) correlated between blood and lesional as well as non-lesional skin. Overall, the AD blood signature was largely different compared to psoriasis, with dysregulation of inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers, strongly supporting its systemic nature beyond atopic/allergic association.
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1153-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Larssen P, Wik L, Czarnewski P, Eldh M, Löf L, Ronquist KG, Dubois L, Freyhult E, Gallant CJ, Oelrich J, Larsson A, Ronquist G, Villablanca EJ, Landegren U, Gabrielsson S, Kamali-Moghaddam M. Tracing Cellular Origin of Human Exosomes Using Multiplex Proximity Extension Assays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:502-511. [PMID: 28111361 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated objects such as exosomes and microvesicles, released by many cell-types. Their presence in body fluids and the variable surface composition and content render them attractive potential biomarkers. The ability to determine their cellular origin could greatly move the field forward. We used multiplex proximity extension assays (PEA) to identify with high specificity and sensitivity the protein profiles of exosomes of different origins, including seven cell lines and two different body fluids. By comparing cells and exosomes, we successfully identified the cells originating the exosomes. Furthermore, by principal component analysis of protein patterns human milk EVs and prostasomes released from prostate acinar cells clustered with cell lines from breast and prostate tissues, respectively. Milk exosomes uniquely expressed CXCL5, MIA, and KLK6, whereas prostasomes carried NKX31, GSTP1, and SRC, highlighting that EVs originating from different origins express distinct proteins. In conclusion, PEA provides a powerful protein screening tool in exosome research, for purposes of identifying the cell source of exosomes, or new biomarkers in diseases such as cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Larssen
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Wik
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- ¶Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eldh
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liza Löf
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Göran Ronquist
- ‖Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise Dubois
- ‖Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- **Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline J Gallant
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Oelrich
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- ‖Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Ronquist
- ‖Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- ¶Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, Unit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- §Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Abe A, Nagatsuma AK, Higuchi Y, Nakamura Y, Yanagihara K, Ochiai A. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:92-103. [PMID: 26694715 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are the commonest type of cancer stromal cells. Inflammation occurs in cancer tissue, and the inflammatory process has been suggested to be caused by interactions between immune cells and cancer cells. In this study, we clarified that site-specific fibroblasts regulate the formation of a site-specific inflammatory niche according to the depth of gastric cancer cell invasion. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded tissues. The numbers of immune cells and the fibroblast area were calculated according to the cancer depth. The gene expression patterns of submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts stimulated with HSC44PE-conditioned medium were analyzed with a microarray. To examine the effects on the cancer microenvironment of differences in gene expressions between HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts, assays of HSC44PE proliferation, T cell migration, and M2-like macrophage differentiation were performed. RESULTS The distributions of immune cells differed between the submucosal layer and the subserosal layer. The number of M2 macrophages was significantly higher and the fibroblast area was significantly larger in the subserosal layer compared with the submucosal layer. High expression levels of IL1B, TNFSF15, and CCL13 were observed in HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts, and higher expression levels of TGFB2, CSF1, CCL8, and CXCL5 were found in HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblasts. HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblast medium promoted the differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages, whereas HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts significantly induced the migration of Jurkat cells and the growth of HSC44PE cells. CONCLUSION The dynamic states of immune cells differ between the submucosal and subserosal layers in cancer tissues. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation according to the depth of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abe
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Provinciali M, Maggio MG, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F. Different transcriptional profiling between senescent and non-senescent human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) by Omeprazole and Lansoprazole treatment. Biogerontology 2016; 18:217-236. [PMID: 28039570 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that high dose and/or long term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in older patients, but mechanisms underlying these detrimental effects are not known. Taking into account that the senescent endothelial cells have been implicated in the genesis or promotion of age-related cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized an active role of PPIs in senescent cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in gene expression occurring in senescent and non-senescent human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) following Omeprazole (OPZ) or Lansoprazole (LPZ) treatment. Here, we show that atherogenic response is among the most regulated processes in PPI-treated HCAECs. PPIs induced down-regulation of anti-atherogenic chemokines (CXCL11, CXCL12 and CX3CL1) in senescent but not in non-senescent cells, while the same chemokines were up-regulated in untreated senescent cells. These findings support the hypothesis that up-regulated anti-atherogenic chemokines may represent a defensive mechanism against atherosclerosis during cellular senescence, and suggest that PPIs could activate pro-atherogenic pathways by changing the secretory phenotype of senescent HCAECs. Moreover, the genes coding for fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2) were modulated by PPIs treatment with respect to untreated cells. In conclusions, our results show that long-term and high dose use of PPI could change the secretory phenotype of senescent cells, suggesting one of the potential mechanisms by which use of PPI can increase adverse outcomes in older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costarelli
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS-Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello G Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Geriatric Clinic, University of Parma and University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, Research Hospital of Cosenza, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Scientific Direction, Ancona, Italy
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Shen ZX, Chen XQ, Sun XN, Sun JY, Zhang WC, Zheng XJ, Zhang YY, Shi HJ, Zhang JW, Li C, Wang J, Liu X, Duan SZ. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Deficiency in Macrophages Inhibits Atherosclerosis by Affecting Foam Cell Formation and Efferocytosis. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:925-935. [PMID: 27881672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been considered as a potential target for treating atherosclerosis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. We aim to explore the functions and mechanisms of macrophage MR in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis-susceptible LDLRKO chimeric mice with bone marrow cells from floxed control mice or from myeloid MR knock-out (MRKO) mice were generated and fed with high cholesterol diet. Oil red O staining showed that MRKO decreased atherosclerotic lesion area in LDLRKO mice. In another mouse model of atherosclerosis, MRKO/APOEKO mice and floxed control/APOEKO mice were generated and treated with angiotensin II. Similarly, MRKO inhibited the atherosclerotic lesion area in APOEKO mice. Histological analysis showed that MRKO increased collagen coverage and decreased necrosis and macrophage accumulation in the lesions. In vitro results demonstrated that MRKO suppressed macrophage foam cell formation and up-regulated the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, MRKO decreased accumulation of apoptotic cells and increased effective efferocytosis in atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro study further revealed that MRKO increased the phagocytic index of macrophages without affecting their apoptosis. In conclusion, MRKO reduces high cholesterol- or angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis and favorably changes plaque composition, likely improving plaque stability. Mechanistically, MR deficiency suppresses macrophage foam cell formation and up-regulates expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux, as well as increases effective efferocytosis and phagocytic capacity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xia Shen
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,the Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Huashan Hospital Jing'an Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Huan-Jing Shi
- the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Chao Li
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Jun Wang
- the Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Huashan Hospital Jing'an Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xu Liu
- the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China,
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Rackov G, Hernández-Jiménez E, Shokri R, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Mañes S, Álvarez-Mon M, López-Collazo E, Martínez-A C, Balomenos D. p21 mediates macrophage reprogramming through regulation of p50-p50 NF-κB and IFN-β. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3089-103. [PMID: 27427981 DOI: 10.1172/jci83404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, which mediate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory functions, respectively, represent the extremes of immunoregulatory plasticity in the macrophage population. This plasticity can also result in intermediate macrophage states that support a balance between these opposing functions. In sepsis, M1 macrophages can compensate for hyperinflammation by acquiring an M2-like immunosuppressed status that increases the risk of secondary infection and death. The M1 to M2 macrophage reprogramming that develops during LPS tolerance resembles the pathological antiinflammatory response to sepsis. Here, we determined that p21 regulates macrophage reprogramming by shifting the balance between active p65-p50 and inhibitory p50-p50 NF-κB pathways. p21 deficiency reduced the DNA-binding affinity of the p50-p50 homodimer in LPS-primed and -rechallenged macrophages, impairing their ability to attenuate IFN-β production and acquire an M2-like hyporesponsive status. High p21 levels in sepsis patients correlated with low IFN-β expression, and p21 knockdown in human monocytes corroborated its role in IFN-β regulation. The data demonstrate that p21 adjusts the equilibrium between p65-p50 and p50-p50 NF-κB pathways to mediate macrophage plasticity in LPS tolerance. Identifying p21-related pathways involved in monocyte reprogramming may lead to potential targets for sepsis treatment.
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Abstract
The remarkable plasticity and plethora of biological functions performed by macrophages have enticed scientists to study these cells in relation to atherosclerosis for >50 years, and major discoveries continue to be made today. It is now understood that macrophages play important roles in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation of lesions and lesion expansion, to necrosis leading to rupture and the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, to resolution and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Lesional macrophages are derived primarily from blood monocytes, although recent research has shown that lesional macrophage-like cells can also be derived from smooth muscle cells. Lesional macrophages take on different phenotypes depending on their environment and which intracellular signaling pathways are activated. Rather than a few distinct populations of macrophages, the phenotype of the lesional macrophage is more complex and likely changes during the different phases of atherosclerosis and with the extent of lipid and cholesterol loading, activation by a plethora of receptors, and metabolic state of the cells. These different phenotypes allow the macrophage to engulf lipids, dead cells, and other substances perceived as danger signals; efflux cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein; proliferate and migrate; undergo apoptosis and death; and secrete a large number of inflammatory and proresolving molecules. This review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, discusses recent advances in our understanding of lesional macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of lesional macrophages, new research areas and treatment strategies are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- From the Departments of Medicine (I.T.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (I.T.), and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics (I.T.), Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (K.E.B.) and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Departments of Medicine (I.T.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (I.T.), and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics (I.T.), Columbia University, New York; and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (K.E.B.) and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
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Unruh D, Srinivasan R, Benson T, Haigh S, Coyle D, Batra N, Keil R, Sturm R, Blanco V, Palascak M, Franco RS, Tong W, Chatterjee T, Hui DY, Davidson WS, Aronow BJ, Kalfa T, Manka D, Peairs A, Blomkalns A, Fulton DJ, Brittain JE, Weintraub NL, Bogdanov VY. Red Blood Cell Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet: Potential Implications for Obesity-Related Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2015; 132:1898-908. [PMID: 26467254 PMCID: PMC4772773 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.017313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diet (HFD) promotes endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory monocyte activation, which contribute to atherosclerosis in obesity. We investigated whether HFD also induces the dysfunction of red blood cells (RBCs), which serve as a reservoir for chemokines via binding to Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). METHODS AND RESULTS A 60% HFD for 12 weeks, which produced only minor changes in lipid profile in C57/BL6 mice, markedly augmented the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 bound to RBCs, which in turn stimulated macrophage migration through an endothelial monolayer. Levels of RBC-bound KC were also increased by HFD. These effects of HFD were abolished in DARC(-/-) mice. In RBCs from HFD-fed wild-type and DARC(-/-) mice, levels of membrane cholesterol and phosphatidylserine externalization were increased, fostering RBC-macrophage inflammatory interactions and promoting macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. When labeled ex vivo and injected into wild-type mice, RBCs from HFD-fed mice exhibited ≈3-fold increase in splenic uptake. Finally, RBCs from HFD-fed mice induced increased macrophage adhesion to the endothelium when they were incubated with isolated aortic segments, indicating endothelial activation. CONCLUSIONS RBC dysfunction, analogous to endothelial dysfunction, occurs early during diet-induced obesity and may serve as a mediator of atherosclerosis. These findings may have implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in obesity, a worldwide epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Ramprasad Srinivasan
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Tyler Benson
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Stephen Haigh
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Danielle Coyle
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Neil Batra
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Ryan Keil
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Robert Sturm
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Victor Blanco
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Mary Palascak
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Robert S Franco
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Wilson Tong
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Tapan Chatterjee
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - David Y Hui
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Theodosia Kalfa
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - David Manka
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Abigail Peairs
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Andra Blomkalns
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - David J Fulton
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Julia E Brittain
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Y Bogdanov
- From Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.U., R.S., R.K., R.S., V.B., M.P., R.S.F., V.Y.B.); Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (T.B., S.H., T.C., D.J.F., N.L.W.); Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., N.B., W.T., D.M.); Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.C., A.P.); Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (D.Y.H., W.S.D.); Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (B.J.A.); Experimental Hematology / Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, OH (T.K.); Hemoshear LLC, Charlottesville, VA (D.M.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.B.).
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She ZG, Chang Y, Pang HB, Han W, Chen HZ, Smith JW, Stallcup WB. NG2 Proteoglycan Ablation Reduces Foam Cell Formation and Atherogenesis via Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Retention by Synthetic Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:49-59. [PMID: 26543095 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity and hyperlipidemia are critical risk factors for atherosclerosis. Because ablation of NG2 proteoglycan in mice leads to hyperlipidemia and obesity, we investigated the impact of NG2 ablation on atherosclerosis in apoE null mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Immunostaining indicates that NG2 expression in plaque, primarily by synthetic smooth muscle cells, increases during atherogenesis. NG2 ablation unexpectedly results in decreased (30%) plaque development, despite aggravated obesity and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistic studies reveal that NG2-positive plaque synthetic smooth muscle cells in culture can sequester low-density lipoprotein to enhance foam-cell formation, processes in which NG2 itself plays direct roles. In agreement with these observations, low-density lipoprotein retention and lipid accumulation in the NG2/ApoE knockout aorta is 30% less than that seen in the control aorta. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that synthetic smooth muscle cell-dependent low-density lipoprotein retention and foam cell formation outweigh obesity and hyperlipidemia in promoting mouse atherogenesis. Our study sheds new light on the role of synthetic smooth muscle cells during atherogenesis. Blocking plaque NG2 or altering synthetic smooth muscle cells function may be promising therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang She
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.).
| | - Yunchao Chang
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
| | - Wenlong Han
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
| | - Jeffrey W Smith
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
| | - William B Stallcup
- From the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.-G.S., Y.C., H.-B.P., W.H., J.W.S., W.B.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, Republic of China (H.-Z.C.)
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Abstract
The immune reactions that regulate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation involve chemokines, lipid mediators and costimulatory molecules. Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate immune cell recruitment and control cell homeostasis and activation of different immune cell types and subsets. Chemokine production and activation of chemokine receptors form a positive feedback mechanism to recruit monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes into the atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, chemokine signalling affects immune cell mobilization from the bone marrow. Targeting several of the chemokines and/or chemokine receptors reduces experimental atherosclerosis, whereas specific chemokine pathways appear to be involved in plaque regression. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that are formed locally in atherosclerotic lesions from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes mediate immune cell recruitment and activation within the plaque as well as smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial dysfunction. Antileukotrienes decrease experimental atherosclerosis, and recent observational data suggest beneficial clinical effects of leukotriene receptor antagonism in cardiovascular disease prevention. By contrast, other lipid mediators, such as lipoxins and metabolites of omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with the resolution of inflammation. Costimulatory molecules play a central role in fine-tuning immunological reactions and mediate crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Targeting these interactions is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but immunological side effects are still a concern. In summary, targeting chemokines, leukotriene receptors and costimulatory molecules could represent potential therapeutic strategies to control atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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73
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Liang SN, Xu K, Zhong HS. Establishment of Rabbit Abdominal Aortic Atherosclerosis Model by Pancreatic Elastase Infiltration Associated with High Fat Diet. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2015; 31:406-13. [PMID: 27122900 PMCID: PMC4804804 DOI: 10.6515/acs20141027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a high fat diet (HFD) associated with pancreatic elastase (PE) infiltration, in establishing the rabbit aortic atherosclerosis model. METHODS The HFD+PE method and the HFD+saccule injury (SI) method were simultaneously used to prepare the rabbit atherosclerosis model; the control group was established with the normal diet. Biochemical indicators, radiological imaging, pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the HFD+PE modeling results. RESULTS There were significant changes in the blood lipid contents, as well as the pathomorphological and immunohistochemical results between the two experimental groups and the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the two experimental groups. The rabbit aortic atherosclerosis model prepared by the HFD+PE method had no significant difference in the local vascular pathomorphological and immunohistochemical results with the traditional HFD+SI method. CONCLUSIONS The use of HFD with PE infiltration is feasible in establishing the rabbit aortic atherosclerosis model. KEY WORDS Animal model; Atherosclerosis; Rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Nian Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Hong-Shan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Treatment of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, P.R. China
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74
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Cytokines in atherosclerosis: Key players in all stages of disease and promising therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:673-85. [PMID: 26005197 PMCID: PMC4671520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arteries, is responsible for most deaths in westernized societies with numbers increasing at a marked rate in developing countries. The disease is initiated by the activation of the endothelium by various risk factors leading to chemokine-mediated recruitment of immune cells. The uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages along with defective cholesterol efflux gives rise to foam cells associated with the fatty streak in the early phase of the disease. As the disease progresses, complex fibrotic plaques are produced as a result of lysis of foam cells, migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and continued inflammatory response. Such plaques are stabilized by the extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and destabilized by matrix metalloproteinase from macrophages. Rupture of unstable plaques and subsequent thrombosis leads to clinical complications such as myocardial infarction. Cytokines are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis and have a profound influence on the pathogenesis of this disease. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles of different cytokines in atherosclerosis together with therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating their actions.
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75
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Drechsler M, Duchene J, Soehnlein O. Chemokines Control Mobilization, Recruitment, and Fate of Monocytes in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1050-5. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large arteries and, among others, characterized by continuous influx of monocytes into the subendothelial space, subsequent macrophage accumulation, and foam cell formation. Chemokines and their receptors tightly orchestrate monocyte trafficking and fate from birth to death. This brief review summarizes our current understanding of the interplay between monocytes and chemokines entertaining crucial processes in atherosclerosis development, progression, and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Drechsler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (M.D., J.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (M.D., O.S.)
| | - Johan Duchene
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (M.D., J.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (M.D., O.S.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (M.D., J.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (M.D., O.S.)
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76
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Costales P, Fuentes-Prior P, Castellano J, Revuelta-Lopez E, Corral-Rodríguez MÁ, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortes V. K Domain CR9 of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP1) Is Critical for Aggregated LDL-induced Foam Cell Formation from Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14852-65. [PMID: 25918169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) mediates the internalization of aggregated LDL (AgLDL), which in turn increases the expression of LRP1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). This positive feedback mechanism is thus highly efficient to promote the formation of hVSMC foam cells, a crucial vascular component determining the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque to rupture. Here we have determined the LRP1 domains involved in AgLDL recognition with the aim of specifically blocking AgLDL internalization in hVSMCs. The capacity of fluorescently labeled AgLDL to bind to functional LRP1 clusters was tested in a receptor-ligand fluorometric assay made by immobilizing soluble LRP1 "minireceptors" (sLRP1-II, sLRP1-III, and sLRP1-IV) recombinantly expressed in CHO cells. This assay showed that AgLDL binds to cluster II. We predicted three well exposed and potentially immunogenic peptides in the CR7-CR9 domains of this cluster (termed P1 (Cys(1051)-Glu(1066)), P2 (Asp(1090)-Cys(1104)), and P3 (Gly(1127)-Cys(1140))). AgLDL, but not native LDL, bound specifically and tightly to P3-coated wells. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against P3 prevented AgLDL uptake by hVSMCs and were almost twice as effective as anti-P1 and anti-P2 Abs in reducing intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation. Moreover, anti-P3 Abs efficiently prevented AgLDL-induced LRP1 up-regulation and counteracted the down-regulatory effect of AgLDL on hVSMC migration. In conclusion, domain CR9 appears to be critical for LRP1-mediated AgLDL binding and internalization in hVSMCs. Our results open new avenues for an innovative anti-VSMC foam cell-based strategy for the treatment of vascular lipid deposition in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Costales
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- the Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Castellano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Elena Revuelta-Lopez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Maria Ángeles Corral-Rodríguez
- the Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Lina Badimon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain and
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77
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Fulkerson ND, Nicholas J, St Pierre Schneider B. Estrogen modulates 7/4 antigen distribution within eccentrically contracted injured skeletal muscle. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:294-301. [PMID: 25747047 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.992961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccentric contractions are skeletal muscle stretches with concurrent active force production; these contractions commonly occur during dynamic sports activities and can cause acute muscle injury. Recovery from this injury depends in part on pro-inflammatory processes, such as neutrophil infiltration at the injured site, which is affected by estrogen. This estrogen effect has been examined broadly, but without distinguishing between major compartments within muscle in which neutrophil infiltration can occur. Therefore, we compared neutrophil antigen expression in two compartments of eccentrically contracted muscle of ovariectomized mice with or without estrogen. To quantify neutrophil antigen expression, serial cross sections of muscle were immunolabeled with antibodies that recognize 7/4 or Ly6C/G, then quantified using computer-assisted image analysis. At 48 h post injury, estrogen-positive (E+) mice had more 7/4-positive and Ly6C/G-positive myofibers, increased 7/4 area percentage, and more 7/4-positive cells in the connective tissue. In addition, E+ mice showed more 7/4-positive myofibers that were Ly6C/G-negative and more Ly6C/G-positive myofibers that were 7/4-negative. These data suggest that in injured muscle, estrogen increases 7/4 antigen in connective tissue and myofibers and is associated with more Ly6C/G-positive myofibers when the 7/4 antigen is absent from these myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Fulkerson
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas, Nevada
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78
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Hu HJ, Shi ZY, Lin XL, Chen SM, Wang QY, Tang SY. Upregulation of Sestrin2 expression protects against macrophage apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:296-302. [PMID: 25692450 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 is involved in a different cellular response to stress conditions. However, the function of Sestrin2 in the cardiovascular system remains unknown. In the present study, we tested whether Sestrin2 has a beneficial effect on macrophage cell apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We found that oxLDL induces expression of Sestrin2 in RAW264.7 cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. We also found that knockdown of Sestrin2 using small RNA interference promotes cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production induced by oxLDL. In addition, our results show that the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway is activated by oxLDL. Inhibiting the activity of the JNK pathway abolishes the increase of Sestrin2 induced by oxLDL. These findings suggest that the inductive effect of Sestrin2 is mediated by the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Our results indicate that the induction of Sestrin2 acts as a compensatory response to oxLDL for survival, implying that stimulating expression of Sestrin2 might be an effective pharmacological target for the treatment of lipid-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Hu
- 1 School of Nursing, Central South University , Changsha City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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79
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Kardassis D, Gafencu A, Zannis VI, Davalos A. Regulation of HDL genes: transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:113-179. [PMID: 25522987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HDL regulation is exerted at multiple levels including regulation at the level of transcription initiation by transcription factors and signal transduction cascades; regulation at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs which bind to the coding or noncoding regions of HDL genes regulating mRNA stability and translation; as well as regulation at the posttranslational level by protein modifications, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. The above mechanisms have drastic effects on several HDL-mediated processes including HDL biogenesis, remodeling, cholesterol efflux and uptake, as well as atheroprotective functions on the cells of the arterial wall. The emphasis is on mechanisms that operate in physiologically relevant tissues such as the liver (which accounts for 80% of the total HDL-C levels in the plasma), the macrophages, the adrenals, and the endothelium. Transcription factors that have a significant impact on HDL regulation such as hormone nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factors are extensively discussed both in terms of gene promoter recognition and regulation but also in terms of their impact on plasma HDL levels as was revealed by knockout studies. Understanding the different modes of regulation of this complex lipoprotein may provide useful insights for the development of novel HDL-raising therapies that could be used to fight against atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece,
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80
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IL-17 Induces Inflammation-Associated Gene Products in Blood Monocytes, and Treatment with Ixekizumab Reduces Their Expression in Psoriasis Patient Blood. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2990-2993. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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81
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von Hundelshausen P, Schmitt MMN. Platelets and their chemokines in atherosclerosis-clinical applications. Front Physiol 2014; 5:294. [PMID: 25152735 PMCID: PMC4126210 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of platelets as important players in the process of atherogenesis has become increasingly accepted due to accumulating experimental and clinical evidence. Despite the progress in understanding the molecular details of atherosclerosis, particularly by using animal models, the inflammatory and thrombotic roles of activated platelet s especially in the human system remain difficult to dissect, as often only the complications of atherosclerosis, i.e., stroke and myocardial infarction are definable but not the plaque burden. Platelet indices including platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) and soluble mediators released by activated platelets are associated with atherosclerosis. The chemokine CXCL4 has multiple atherogenic activities, e.g., altering the differentiation of T cells and macrophages by inhibiting neutrophil and monocyte apoptosis and by increasing the uptake of oxLDL and synergizing with CCL5. CCL5 is released and deposited on endothelium by activated platelets thereby triggering atherogenic monocyte recruitment, which can be attenuated by blocking the corresponding chemokine receptor CCR5. Atheroprotective and plaque stabilizing properties are attributed to CXCL12, which plays an important role in regenerative processes by attracting progenitor cells. Its release from luminal attached platelets accelerates endothelial healing after injury. Platelet surface molecules GPIIb/IIIa, GP1bα, P-selectin, JAM-A and the CD40/CD40L dyade are crucially involved in the interaction with endothelial cells, leukocytes and matrix molecules affecting atherogenesis. Beyond the effects on the arterial inflammatory infiltrate, platelets affect cholesterol metabolism by binding, modifying and endocytosing LDL particles via their scavenger receptors and contribute to the formation of lipid laden macrophages. Current medical therapies for the prevention of atherosclerotic therapies enable the elucidation of mechanisms linking platelets to inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Germany
| | - Martin M N Schmitt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
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82
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Abstract
Inflammatory diseases typically display circadian variation in symptom severity. A new study in mice shows how a pulmonary epithelial cell clock controls neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and provides insight into interactions between local and systemic circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Roger Thompson
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah R Walmsley
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Moira K B Whyte
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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83
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Thatcher S. Commentary for Clancy, P et al., ARBs and ERK activation: new insights on human atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:131-2. [PMID: 25036239 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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84
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Koo HJ, Park HJ, Byeon HE, Kwak JH, Um SH, Kwon ST, Rhee DK, Pyo S. Chinese yam extracts containing β-sitosterol and ethyl linoleate protect against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and inhibit muscular expression of VCAM-1 in vitro. J Food Sci 2014; 79:H719-29. [PMID: 24689699 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall. This study evaluated whether hexane extracts from the edible part (DB-H1) or bark region (DB-H2) of Dioscorea. batatas Decne have anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro experiments. We also identified bioactive components in the hexane extracts. Thirty-six apolipoprotein E (ApoE(-/-) ) mice and 12 control (C57BL/6J) mice were given a Western-type diet for 11 or 21 wk. To examine the effects of yam extracts on lesion development, ApoE(-/-) mice were orally administered DB-H1 or DB-H2 for the duration of the study (200 mg/kg b.w./day, 3 times per wk). Both DB-H1 and DB-H2 significantly reduced the total atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root. In addition, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, oxidized-low-density lipoprotein, and c-reactive protein were decreased by administration of DB-H1 and DB-H2. Consistent with the in vivo observations, DB-H1 and DB-H2 inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to TNF-α-activated vascular smooth muscle cells. It was also found that treatment with DB-H1 or DB-H2 resulted in the inhibition nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species production and iNOS expression in macrophages. Thus, DB-H1 and DB-H2 seem to influence atherosclerosis by affecting the production of inflammatory mediators in vivo. Our results suggest that yam extracts have the potential to be used in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Koo
- Div. of Immunopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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85
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Fan HC, Fernández-Hernando C, Lai JH. Protein kinase C isoforms in atherosclerosis: Pro- or anti-inflammatory? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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86
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Nouailles G, Dorhoi A, Koch M, Zerrahn J, Weiner J, Faé KC, Arrey F, Kuhlmann S, Bandermann S, Loewe D, Mollenkopf HJ, Vogelzang A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Mittrücker HW, McEwen G, Kaufmann SHE. CXCL5-secreting pulmonary epithelial cells drive destructive neutrophilic inflammation in tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1268-82. [PMID: 24509076 DOI: 10.1172/jci72030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful host defense against numerous pulmonary infections depends on bacterial clearance by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); however, excessive PMN accumulation can result in life-threatening lung injury. Local expression of CXC chemokines is critical for PMN recruitment. The impact of chemokine-dependent PMN recruitment during pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed expression of genes encoding CXC chemokines in M. tuberculosis-infected murine lung tissue and found that M. tuberculosis infection promotes upregulation of Cxcr2 and its ligand Cxcl5. To determine the contribution of CXCL5 in pulmonary PMN recruitment, we generated Cxcl5(-/-) mice and analyzed their immune response against M. tuberculosis. Both Cxcr2(-/-) mice and Cxcl5(-/-) mice, which are deficient for only one of numerous CXCR2 ligands, exhibited enhanced survival compared with that of WT mice following high-dose M. tuberculosis infection. The resistance of Cxcl5(-/-) mice to M. tuberculosis infection was not due to heightened M. tuberculosis clearance but was the result of impaired PMN recruitment, which reduced pulmonary inflammation. Lung epithelial cells were the main source of CXCL5 upon M. tuberculosis infection, and secretion of CXCL5 was reduced by blocking TLR2 signaling. Together, our data indicate that TLR2-induced epithelial-derived CXCL5 is critical for PMN-driven destructive inflammation in pulmonary tuberculosis.
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87
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Dorhoi A, Iannaccone M, Maertzdorf J, Nouailles G, Weiner J, Kaufmann SHE. Reverse translation in tuberculosis: neutrophils provide clues for understanding development of active disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:36. [PMID: 24550920 PMCID: PMC3913996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health issue globally. Although typically the disease can be cured by chemotherapy in all age groups, and prevented in part in newborn by vaccination, general consensus exists that development of novel intervention measures requires better understanding of disease mechanisms. Human TB is characterized by polarity between host resistance as seen in 2 billion individuals with latent TB infection and susceptibility occurring in 9 million individuals who develop active TB disease every year. Experimental animal models often do not reflect this polarity adequately, calling for a reverse translational approach. Gene expression profiling has allowed identification of biomarkers that discriminate between latent infection and active disease. Functional analysis of most relevant markers in experimental animal models can help to better understand mechanisms driving disease progression. We have embarked on in-depth characterization of candidate markers of pathology and protection hereby harnessing mouse mutants with defined gene deficiencies. Analysis of mutants deficient in miR-223 expression and CXCL5 production allowed elucidation of relevant pathogenic mechanisms. Intriguingly, these deficiencies were linked to aberrant neutrophil activities. Our findings point to a detrimental potential of neutrophils in TB. Reciprocally, measures that control neutrophils should be leveraged for amelioration of TB in adjunct to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeroen Maertzdorf
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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88
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Abstract
Chemokines play important roles in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Expressed by not only cells of the vessel wall but also emigrated leukocytes, chemokines were initially discovered to direct leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, chemokines can also exert multiple functions beyond cell recruitment. Here, we discuss novel and recently emerging aspects of chemokines and their involvement in atherosclerosis. While reviewing newly identified roles of chemokines and their receptors in monocyte and neutrophil recruitment during atherogenesis and atheroregression, we also revisit homeostatic functions of chemokines, including their roles in cell homeostasis and foam cell formation. The functional diversity of chemokines in atherosclerosis warrants a clear-cut mechanistic dissection and stage-specific assessment to better appreciate the full scope of their actions in vascular inflammation and to identify pathways that harbor the potential for a therapeutic targeting of chemokines in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany (A.Z.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.Z., C.W.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
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89
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Nenseter MS, Aukrust P, Ose L, Holven KB. Low level of inflammatory marker in hyperhomocysteinemic patients on statin therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 74:1-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.854926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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90
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, Room 249, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, , Phone: 859-323-4639, Fax: 859-257-3235
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91
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Abstract
Key components of atherosclerotic plaque known to drive disease progression are macrophages and cholesterol. It has been widely understood, and bolstered by recent evidence, that the efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells quells disease progression or even to promote regression. Following macrophage cholesterol efflux, cholesterol loaded onto HDL must be removed from the plaque environment. Here, we focus on recent evidence that the lymphatic vasculature is critical for the removal of cholesterol, likely as a component of HDL, from tissues including skin and the artery wall. We discuss the possibility that progression of atherosclerosis might in part be linked to sluggish removal of cholesterol from the plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Martel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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92
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Björkbacka H. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:279-80. [PMID: 23652474 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328361632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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