51
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Liukkonen J, Gürsoy UK, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Metso J, Salminen A, Kopra E, Jauhiainen M, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Paju S, Sorsa T, Nieminen MS, Lokki ML, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Salivary biomarkers in association with periodontal parameters and the periodontitis risk haplotype. Innate Immun 2018; 24:439-447. [PMID: 30176756 PMCID: PMC6830876 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play a role in periodontitis. Here we examined whether the risk
haplotype of MHC class III region BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA and lymphotoxin-α
polymorphisms associate with salivary biomarkers of periodontal disease. A total
of 455 individuals with detailed clinical and radiographic periodontal health
data were included in the study. A 610 K genotyping chip and a Sequenom platform
were used in genotyping analyses. Phospholipid transfer protein activity,
concentrations of lymphotoxin-α, IL-8 and myeloperoxidase, and a cumulative risk
score (combining Porphyromonas gingivalis, IL-1β and matrix
metalloproteinase-8) were examined in saliva samples. Elevated IL-8 and
myeloperoxidase concentrations and cumulative risk scores associated with
advanced tooth loss, deepened periodontal pockets and signs of periodontal
inflammation. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for periodontal
parameters and risk factors, myeloperoxidase concentration (odds ratio (OR);
1.37, P = 0.007) associated with increased odds for having the
risk haplotype and lymphotoxin-α concentration with its genetic variants
rs2857708, rs2009658 and rs2844482. In conclusion, salivary levels of IL-8,
myeloperoxidase and cumulative risk scores associate with periodontal
inflammation and tissue destruction, while those of myeloperoxidase and
lymphotoxin-α associate with genetic factors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulvi K Gürsoy
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.,2 Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- 3 Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- 3 Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,5 Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,6 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,7 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,7 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- 8 HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- 9 Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- 8 HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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52
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Abu Toamih Atamni H, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. The Collaborative Cross mouse model for dissecting genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:471-487. [PMID: 30143822 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, also known as communicable diseases, refer to a full range of maladies caused by pathogen invasion to the host body. Host response towards an infectious pathogen varies between individuals, and can be defined by responses from asymptomatic to lethal. Host response to infectious pathogens is considered as a complex trait controlled by gene-gene (host-pathogen) and gene-environment interactions, leading to the extensive phenotypic variations between individuals. With the advancement of the human genome mapping approaches and tools, various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed, aimed at mapping the genetic basis underlying host susceptibility towards infectious pathogens. In parallel, immense efforts were invested in enhancing the genetic mapping resolution and gene-cloning efficacy, using advanced mouse models including advanced intercross lines; outbred populations; consomic, congenic; and recombinant inbred lines. Notwithstanding the evident advances achieved using these mouse models, the genetic diversity was low and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping resolution was inadequate. Consequently, the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model was established by full-reciprocal mating of eight divergent founder strains of mice (A/J, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/LtJ, NZO/HiLtJ, CAST/Ei, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) generating a next-generation mouse genetic reference population (CC lines). Presently, the CC mouse model population comprises a set of about 200 recombinant inbred CC lines exhibiting a unique high genetic diversity and which are accessible for multidisciplinary studies. The CC mouse model efficacy was validated by various studies in our lab and others, accomplishing high-resolution (< 1 MB) QTL genomic mapping for a variety of complex traits, using about 50 CC lines (3-4 mice per line). Herein, we present a number of studies demonstrating the power of the CC mouse model, which has been utilized in our lab for mapping the genetic basis of host susceptibility to various infectious pathogens. These include Aspergillus fumigatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (causing oral mixed infection), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the bacterial toxins Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa Abu Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental school, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Poria Medical Centre, The Azrieli School of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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53
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de Coo A, Quintela I, Blanco J, Diz P, Carracedo Á. Assessment of genotyping tools applied in genetic susceptibility studies of periodontal disease: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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54
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Yu YH, Doucette-Stamm L, Rogus J, Moss K, Zee RYL, Steffensen B, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Offenbacher S, Kornman K, Chasman DI. Family History of MI, Smoking, and Risk of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1106-1113. [PMID: 29928831 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518782189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Our hypothesis was that having a family history of myocardial infarction (FamHxMI) may be a novel risk factor for PD. Risk assessment based on FamHxMI, conditional on smoking status, was examined given the strong influence of smoking on PD. Exploratory analysis with inflammatory biomarkers and genetic determinants was conducted to understand potential mechanistic links. The Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) is a prospective cohort of US female health care professionals who provided blood samples at baseline in the Women's Health Study, a 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial investigating vitamin E and aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. PD was ascertained via self-report over 12 y of follow-up. Prevalence (3,442 cases), incidence (1,365 cases), and survival analysis of PD were investigated for associations of FamHxMI as well as in strata of FamHxMI by smoking. Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square tests, multivariate regression, and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses. In the WGHS, women with FamHxMI showed higher risk of ever having PD. A particularly high-risk group of having both FamHxMI and smoking at baseline was highlighted in the prevalence and risk of developing PD. PD risk increased according to the following strata: no FamHxMI and nonsmokers (reference), FamHxMI and nonsmokers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.5), smokers without FamHxMI (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.5), and smokers with FamHxMI (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.8). An independent analysis by the dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study ( N = 5,552) identified more severe periodontitis cases among participants in the high-risk group (smokers with FamHxMI). Further examination of interactions among inflammatory biomarkers or genetic exploration with FamHxMI did not explain the risk increase of PD associated with FamHxMI in the WGHS. Future efforts based on an integrative-omics approach may facilitate validation of these findings and suggest a mechanistic link between PD and FamHxMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yu
- 1 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - J Rogus
- 3 Interleukin Genetics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - K Moss
- 4 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Y L Zee
- 2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,5 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Steffensen
- 1 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P M Ridker
- 2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Buring
- 2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Offenbacher
- 4 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kornman
- 3 Interleukin Genetics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - D I Chasman
- 2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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55
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Genetic Association with Subgingival Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Periodontitis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060271. [PMID: 29882907 PMCID: PMC6027454 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of inflammatory destructive bone disease and has been affecting humans since antiquity. Evidence suggest that genetic factors can highly influence periodontitis risk, modulating disease elements such as the susceptibility to microbial colonization and the nature of subsequent host-microbe interaction. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the occurrence of periodontitis, but the full range of genetic influence in periodontitis outcomes remains to be determined. In this context, this study comprises an analysis of possible correlation between periodontitis-related genetic variants with changes in the subgingival microbiological pattern performed in a Brazilian population (n = 167, comprising 76 chronic periodontitis patients and 91 healthy subjects). For the genetic characterization, 19 candidate SNPs were selected based on the top hits of previous large genome wide association studies (GWAS), while the subgingival microbiota was characterized for the presence and relative quantity of 40 bacterial species by DNA-DNA checkerboard. The case/control association test did not demonstrate a significant effect of the target SNPs with the disease phenotype. The polymorphism rs2521634 proved significantly associated with Tannerella forsythia, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Prevotella nigrescens; rs10010758 and rs6667202 were associated with increased counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis; and rs10043775 proved significantly associated with decreased counts of Prevotella intermedia. In conclusion, we present strong evidence supporting a direct connection between the host’s genetic profile, specifically rs2521634, rs10010758, rs6667202, and rs10043775 polymorphisms, and the occurrence of chronic periodontitis-associated bacteria.
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56
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Aarabi G, Zeller T, Heydecke G, Munz M, Schäfer A, Seedorf U. Roles of the Chr.9p21.3 ANRIL Locus in Regulating Inflammation and Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Target Identification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:47. [PMID: 29868613 PMCID: PMC5968182 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common gingival infectious disease caused by an over-aggressive inflammatory reaction to dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. The disease induces a profound systemic inflammatory host response, that triggers endothelial dysfunction and pro-thrombosis and thus may aggravate atherosclerotic vascular disease and its clinical complications. Recently, a risk haplotype at the ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1 locus on chromosome 9p21.3, that is not only associated with coronary artery disease / myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) but also with PD, could be identified by genome-wide association studies. The locus encodes ANRIL - a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which, like other lncRNAs, regulates genome methylation via interacting with specific DNA sequences and proteins, such as DNA methyltranferases and polycomb proteins, thereby affecting expression of multiple genes by cis and trans mechanisms. Here, we describe ANRIL regulated genes and metabolic pathways and discuss implications of the findings for target identification of drugs with potentially anti-inflammatory activity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg (UHZ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Schäfer
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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57
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Jablonski RA, Winstead V, Azuero A, Ptacek T, Jones-Townsend C, Byrd E, Geisinger ML, Morrow C. Feasibility of Providing Safe Mouth Care and Collecting Oral and Fecal Microbiome Samples from Nursing Home Residents with Dysphagia: Proof of Concept Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2018; 43:9-15. [PMID: 28841221 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20170811-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with dysphagia who reside in nursing homes often receive inadequate mouth care and experience poor oral health. From a policy perspective, the combination of absent evidence-based mouth care protocols coupled with insufficient dental coverage create a pool of individuals at great risk for preventable infectious illnesses that contribute to high health care costs. The purpose of the current study was to determine (a) the safety of a mouth care protocol tailored for individuals with dysphagia residing in nursing homes without access to suction equipment, and (b) the feasibility of collecting oral and fecal samples for microbiota analyses. The mouth care protocol resulted in improved oral hygiene without aspiration, and oral and fecal samples were safely collected from participants. Policies supporting ongoing testing of evidence-based mouth care protocols for individuals with dysphagia are important to improve quality, demonstrate efficacy, and save health care costs. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(9), 9-15.].
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58
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Kaur G, Grover V, Bhaskar N, Kaur RK, Jain A. Periodontal Infectogenomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:8. [PMID: 29760828 PMCID: PMC5937045 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic infectious disease in which the pathogenic bacteria initiate the host immune response leading to the destruction of tooth supporting tissue and eventually result in the tooth loss. It has multifactorial etiological factors including local, systemic, environmental and genetic factors. The effect of genetic factors on periodontal disease is already under extensive research and has explained the role of polymorphisms of immune mediators affecting disease response. The role genetic factors in pathogens colonisation is emerged as a new field of research as "infectogenomics". It is a rapidly evolving and high-priority research area now days. It further elaborates the role of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis and help in the treatment, control and early prevention of infection. The aim of this review is to summarise the contemporary evidence available in the field of periodontal infectogenomics to draw some valuable conclusions to further elaborate its role in disease pathogenesis and its application in the clinical practice. This will open up opportunity for more extensive research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
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59
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Nashef A, Qabaja R, Salaymeh Y, Botzman M, Munz M, Dommisch H, Krone B, Hoffmann P, Wellmann J, Laudes M, Berger K, Kocher T, Loos B, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, de Groot LCPGM, Franke A, Offenbacher S, Lieb W, Divaris K, Mott R, Gat-Viks I, Wiess E, Schaefer A, Iraqi FA, Haddad YH. Integration of Murine and Human Studies for Mapping Periodontitis Susceptibility. J Dent Res 2018; 97:537-546. [PMID: 29294296 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517744189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory human diseases with a strong genetic component. Due to the limited sample size of available periodontitis cohorts and the underlying trait heterogeneity, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of chronic periodontitis (CP) have largely been unsuccessful in identifying common susceptibility factors. A combination of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in mice with association studies in humans has the potential to discover novel risk loci. To this end, we assessed alveolar bone loss in response to experimental periodontal infection in 25 lines (286 mice) from the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population using micro-computed tomography (µCT) analysis. The orthologous human chromosomal regions of the significant QTL were analyzed for association using imputed genotype data (OmniExpress BeadChip arrays) derived from case-control samples of aggressive periodontitis (AgP; 896 cases, 7,104 controls) and chronic periodontitis (CP; 2,746 cases, 1,864 controls) of northwest European and European American descent, respectively. In the mouse genome, QTL mapping revealed 2 significant loci (-log P = 5.3; false discovery rate = 0.06) on chromosomes 1 ( Perio3) and 14 ( Perio4). The mapping resolution ranged from ~1.5 to 3 Mb. Perio3 overlaps with a previously reported QTL associated with residual bone volume in F2 cross and includes the murine gene Ccdc121. Its human orthologue showed previously a nominal significant association with CP in humans. Use of variation data from the genomes of the CC founder strains further refined the QTL and suggested 7 candidate genes ( CAPN8, DUSP23, PCDH17, SNORA17, PCDH9, LECT1, and LECT2). We found no evidence of association of these candidates with the human orthologues. In conclusion, the CC populations enabled mapping of confined QTL that confer susceptibility to alveolar bone loss in mice and larger human phenotype-genotype samples and additional expression data from gingival tissues are likely required to identify true positive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nashef
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Qabaja
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Salaymeh
- 2 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Botzman
- 3 Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Munz
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- 5 Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein-Campus, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Dommisch
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Krone
- 6 Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Hoffmann
- 7 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- 8 Germany und Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Wellmann
- 9 Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Laudes
- 10 Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Berger
- 9 Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- 11 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Loos
- 12 Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N van der Velde
- 13 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 14 Department of Internal Medicine Section of Geriatrics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- 13 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L C P G M de Groot
- 15 Department of Epidemiology and the EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Franke
- 16 Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Offenbacher
- 17 School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Lieb
- 18 Institute of Epidemiology, Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Divaris
- 19 Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 20 School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Mott
- 21 Genetics Institute, University Collage of London, London, UK
| | - I Gat-Viks
- 3 Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Wiess
- 22 Maurice and Gabriella Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Schaefer
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F A Iraqi
- 2 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y H Haddad
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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60
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Munz M, Willenborg C, Richter GM, Jockel-Schneider Y, Graetz C, Staufenbiel I, Wellmann J, Berger K, Krone B, Hoffmann P, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, de Groot LCPGM, Sawalha AH, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Guzeldemir-Akcakanat E, Keceli HG, Laudes M, Noack B, Teumer A, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Eickholz P, Meyle J, Doerfer C, Bruckmann C, Lieb W, Franke A, Schreiber S, Nohutcu RM, Erdmann J, Loos BG, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer AS. A genome-wide association study identifies nucleotide variants at SIGLEC5 and DEFA1A3 as risk loci for periodontitis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2577-2588. [PMID: 28449029 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, with a prevalence of 11% worldwide for the severe forms and an estimated heritability of 50%. The disease is characterized by destruction of the alveolar bone due to an aberrant host inflammatory response to a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported several suggestive susceptibility loci. Here, we conducted a GWAS using a German and Dutch case-control sample of aggressive periodontitis (AgP, 896 cases, 7,104 controls), a rare but highly severe and early-onset form of periodontitis, validated the associations in a German sample of severe forms of the more moderate phenotype chronic periodontitis (CP) (993 cases, 1,419 controls). Positive findings were replicated in a Turkish sample of AgP (223 cases, 564 controls). A locus at SIGLEC5 (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 5) and a chromosomal region downstream of the DEFA1A3 locus (defensin alpha 1-3) showed association with both disease phenotypes and were associated with periodontitis at a genome-wide significance level in the pooled samples, with P = 1.09E-08 (rs4284742,-G; OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21-1.48) and P = 5.48E-10 (rs2738058,-T; OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.18-1.38), respectively. SIGLEC5 is expressed in various myeloid immune cells and classified as an inhibitory receptor with the potential to mediate tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/-2 dependent signaling. Alpha defensins are antimicrobial peptides with expression in neutrophils and mucosal surfaces and a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. This study identifies the first shared genetic risk loci of AgP and CP with genome-wide significance and highlights the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the etiology of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Munz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Willenborg
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gesa M Richter
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
- Department of Periodontology, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Krone
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic Essen, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany.,Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Geriatrics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Department of Epidemiology and the EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, USA
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Huseyin Gencay Keceli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Noack
- Clinic of Conservational Dentistry, Center of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, University Medical Center Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Germany
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bruckmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Vienna, School of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Biobank PopGen, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rahime M Nohutcu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Turkey
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soeren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne S Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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61
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Munz M, Chen H, Jockel-Schneider Y, Adam K, Hoffman P, Berger K, Kocher T, Meyle J, Eickholz P, Doerfer C, Laudes M, Uitterlinden A, Lieb W, Franke A, Schreiber S, Offenbacher S, Divaris K, Bruckmann C, Loos BG, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schäefer AS. A haplotype block downstream of plasminogen is associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:962-970. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Munz
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics; University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Stomatology; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
- Department of Periodontology; Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology; University Medical Center of the Julius-Maximilians-University; Würzburg Germany
| | - Knut Adam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Per Hoffman
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group; Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Jörg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology; University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg; Gießen Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Dental, Oral Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I; University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology; Biobank PopGen; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology; UNC School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; UNC School of Dentistry; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Epidemiology; UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Corinna Bruckmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; University Clinic of Dentistry; Vienna Austria
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Søeren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry; Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Arne S. Schäefer
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
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62
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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63
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Liljestrand JM, Paju S, Buhlin K, Persson GR, Sarna S, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Mäntylä P, Pussinen PJ. Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:784-792. [PMID: 28556187 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to study how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva and serum associates with each other, periodontal microbial burden, periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The used Parogene cohort comprised N = 505 Finnish adults. Coronary diagnosis was acquired by coronary angiography, and the main outcomes were as follows: no significant CAD (n = 123), stable CAD (n = 184) and acute coronary syndrome (n = 169). Periodontitis was defined according to clinical and radiographic examinations. Levels for 75 strains of subgingival bacteria were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Saliva and serum LPS activity was analysed by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. RESULTS The level of 11 bacterial strains, which were mainly oral and respiratory Gram-negative species, associated with salivary LPS levels in an age- and gender-adjusted linear regression. A total of 4.9% of the serum LPS, that is endotoxemia, variation was explainable by saliva LPS among patients with periodontitis (n = 247, R2 = .049, Pearson's r = .222, p < .001). Endotoxemia associated with stable CAD in a confounder adjusted multinomial logistic regression model (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.04-3.81, p = .039, 3rd tertile). CONCLUSIONS In particular in periodontitis patients, subgingival microbial burden contributes to endotoxemia. LPS is a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G Rutger Persson
- Departments of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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64
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Shusterman A, Munz M, Richter G, Jepsen S, Lieb W, Krone B, Hoffman P, Laudes M, Wellmann J, Berger K, Kocher T, Offenbacher S, Divaris K, Franke A, Schreiber S, Dommisch H, Weiss E, Schaefer A, Houri-Haddad Y, Iraqi F. The PF4/PPBP/CXCL5 Gene Cluster Is Associated with Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:945-952. [PMID: 28467728 PMCID: PMC5502958 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517706311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common dysbiotic inflammatory disease with an estimated heritability of 50%. Due to the limited sample size of available periodontitis cohorts and the underlying trait heterogeneity, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronic periodontitis (CP) have been unsuccessful in discovering susceptibility factors. A strategy that combines agnostic GWAS with a well-powered candidate-gene approach has the potential to discover novel loci. We combined RNA-seq data from gingival tissues with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that were identified in a F2-cross of mice resistant and susceptible to infection with oral bacterial pathogens. Four genes, which were located within the mapped QTLs, showed differential expression. The chromosomal regions across the human orthologous were interrogated for putative periodontitis-associated variants using existing GWAS data from a German case-control sample of aggressive periodontitis (AgP; 651 cases, 4,001 controls), the most severe and early onset form of periodontitis. Two haplotype blocks, one upstream to the coding region of UGT2A1 (rs146712414, P = 9.1 × 10-5; odds ratio [OR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.56) and one downstream of the genes PF4/PPBP/CXCL5 (rs1595009, P = 1.3 × 10-4; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.52), were associated with AgP. The association of rs1595009 was validated in an independent cohort of CP of European Americans (1,961 cases and 1,864 controls; P = 0.03; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29). This association was further replicated in another sample of 399 German CP cases (disease onset <60 y of age) and 1,633 controls ( P = 0.03; OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.06-2.90). The combined estimates of association from all samples were P = 2.9 × 10-5 (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3). This study shows the strength of combining QTL mapping and RNA-Seq data from a mouse model with association studies in human case-control samples to identify genetic risk variants of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Shusterman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M. Munz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein–Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - G. Richter
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - B. Krone
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P. Hoffman
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Germany und Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - J. Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - K. Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T. Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. Offenbacher
- University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K. Divaris
- University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Schreiber
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Weiss
- Maurice and Gabriella Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Medicine, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - F.A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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65
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Chronic periodontitis predominantly affects adults, but aggressive periodontitis may occasionally occur in children. Periodontal disease initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota (dental plaque), which then interacts with the immune defences of the host, leading to inflammation and disease. This pathophysiological situation persists through bouts of activity and quiescence, until the affected tooth is extracted or the microbial biofilm is therapeutically removed and the inflammation subsides. The severity of the periodontal disease depends on environmental and host risk factors, both modifiable (for example, smoking) and non-modifiable (for example, genetic susceptibility). Prevention is achieved with daily self-performed oral hygiene and professional removal of the microbial biofilm on a quarterly or bi-annual basis. New treatment modalities that are actively explored include antimicrobial therapy, host modulation therapy, laser therapy and tissue engineering for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F Kinane
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panagiota G Stathopoulou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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66
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Marchesan JT, Jiao Y, Moss K, Divaris K, Seaman W, Webster-Cyriaque J, Zhang S, Yu N, Song C, Bencharit S, Teles R, Offenbacher S. Common Polymorphisms in IFI16 and AIM2 Genes Are Associated With Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol 2017; 88:663-672. [PMID: 28387608 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) context of a previously identified periodontitis-associated locus is investigated, and its association with microbial, biologic, and periodontal disease clinical parameters is examined. METHODS A 200-kb spanning region of 1q12 previously highlighted in a genome-wide association scan among 4,766 European American individuals (SNP rs1633266) was annotated. Two haplotype blocks were selected. Association of these polymorphisms with data on microbial plaque composition, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)-interleukin (IL)-1β levels, and clinical parameters of periodontal disease were examined. Descriptive analysis of IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression in gingival tissues from healthy individuals (n = 2) and individuals with chronic periodontitis (n = 2) was done via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The highlighted locus is a 100-kb region containing the interferon γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) genes. Two haplotype blocks, rs6940 and rs1057028, were significantly associated with increased extent bleeding on probing and levels of microorganisms Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Campylobacter rectus (P ≤0.05). Haplotype block rs1057028 was also significantly associated with pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, increased GCF-IL-1β levels, and extent of probing depth ≥4 mm (P ≤0.05). Prevalence of severe periodontitis (biofilm-gingival interface P3 classification) was positively associated with haplotype block rs1057028. Similar trends were observed for haplotype block rs1057028. IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression was observed in multiple cell types of gingival tissues, including inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION This study found IFI16 and AIM2 SNPs associated with higher levels of periodontal microorganisms and an increased percentage of periodontal disease clinical parameters, suggesting the need for functional studies and additional fine-mapping of variants in the 1q12-locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Moss
- General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - William Seaman
- UNC Lineberger, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque
- UNC Lineberger, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catharine Song
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sompop Bencharit
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ricardo Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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67
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Aarabi G, Zeller T, Seedorf H, Reissmann D, Heydecke G, Schaefer A, Seedorf U. Genetic Susceptibility Contributing to Periodontal and Cardiovascular Disease. J Dent Res 2017; 96:610-617. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517699786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common diseases characterized by an overaggressive inflammatory response to diverse stimuli. Whereas PD leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, CAD is a chronic inflammatory condition ultimately causing myocardial infarction via narrowing and occluding of blood vessels. Classical twin studies led to the conclusion that both complex diseases have a similar degree of heritability and that a significant fraction of the genetic factors accounting for this heritability is shared. Recent genome-wide association and large-scale candidate gene studies highlight that variations in >50 genes are associated with premature CAD, while variations in only 4 genes showing nominally significant associations with aggressive periodontitis and/or chronic periodontitis have so far been identified. Remarkably, 3 of the PD loci (75%) show shared associations with CAD ( ANRIL/CDKN2B-AS1, PLG, CAMTA1/VAMP3), suggesting involvement of common pathogenic mechanisms. In this critical review, we highlight recent progress in identifying genetic markers and variants associated with PD, present their overlap with CAD, and discuss functional aspects. In addition, we answer why a significant fraction of the heritability of PD is still missing, and we suggest approaches that may be taken to close the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D.R. Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Research Center ImmunoSciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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68
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Chapple IL, Bouchard P, Cagetti MG, Campus G, Carra MC, Cocco F, Nibali L, Hujoel P, Laine ML, Lingström P, Manton DJ, Montero E, Pitts N, Rangé H, Schlueter N, Teughels W, Twetman S, Van Loveren C, Van der Weijden F, Vieira AR, Schulte AG. Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44 Suppl 18:S39-S51. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L.C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
- EA 2496; Paris 5-Descartes University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | | | - Guglielmo Campus
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry; Milan Italy
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences; School of Dentistry; Universita degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Maria-Clotilde Carra
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
- INSERM; U1018; Villejuif; France
| | - Fabio Cocco
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences; School of Dentistry; Universita degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research; Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Philippe Hujoel
- Public Health Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology; Institute of Odontology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - David J. Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Eduardo Montero
- Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre; Dental Institute; Kings College London; London UK
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
- EA 2496; Paris 5-Descartes University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Division for Cariology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Center for Dental Medicine; University Medical Center; Albert-Ludwig-University; Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Svante Twetman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; School of Dentistry; Section of Cariology and Endodontics; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Cor Van Loveren
- Department of Cariology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas G. Schulte
- Department of Special Care Dentistry; Dental School; Witten/Herdecke University; Witten Germany
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69
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Demmer RT, Breskin A, Rosenbaum M, Zuk A, LeDuc C, Leibel R, Paster B, Desvarieux M, Jacobs DR, Papapanou PN. The subgingival microbiome, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:255-265. [PMID: 27978598 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation might link microbial exposures to insulin resistance. We investigated the cross-sectional association between periodontal microbiota, inflammation and insulin resistance. METHODS The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study (ORIGINS) enrolled 152 diabetes-free adults (77% female) aged 20-55 years (mean = 34 ± 10). Three hundred and four subgingival plaque samples were analysed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray to measure the relative abundances of 379 taxa. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and adiponectin were assessed from venous blood and their z-scores were summed to create an inflammatory score (IS). Insulin resistance was defined via the HOMA-IR. Associations between the microbiota and both inflammation and HOMA-IR were explored using multivariable linear regressions; mediation analyses assessed the proportion of the association explained by inflammation. RESULTS The IS was inversely associated with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and positively associated with Firmicutes and TM7 (p-values < 0.05). Proteobacteria levels were associated with insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Inflammation explained 30-98% of the observed associations between levels of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria or Firmicutes and insulin resistance (p-values < 0.05). Eighteen individual taxa were associated with inflammation (p < 0.05) and 22 with insulin resistance (p < 0.05). No findings for individual taxa met Bonferroni-adjusted statistical significance. CONCLUSION Bacterial measures were related to inflammation and insulin resistance among diabetes-free adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Demmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Breskin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Zuk
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rudolph Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Paster
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moïse Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Centre de recherche Epidémiologies et Biostatistique, INSERM U1153 Equipe: Méthodes en évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques, Paris, France
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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70
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Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, Mendes NS, Freire Oliveira CJ, Ueira-Vieira C. Association between pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-33 and periodontal disease in the elderly: A retrospective study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017; 21:4-9. [PMID: 29386793 PMCID: PMC5767989 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_178_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Senescence is a multifactorial process that in humans may be accompanied by inflammation and immune dysfunction in the oral cavity. Notably, periodontal disease, considered one of the most common inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity, has also been linked to the onset of other chronic inflammatory diseases common in the elderly. Thus, investigating immunity and inflammation during senescence may not only illuminate the pathophysiology of periodontal disease, but also identify new therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: To this end, we retrospectively and systematically reviewed studies of immune molecules associated with periodontal disease. These studies were identified in PubMed from three independent searches based on distinct sets of search terms. Results: The data highlight the need to further investigate inflammatory molecules involved in chronic periodontal disease in the elderly, but strongly suggest that interleukin (IL)-33 is involved. Indeed, various genetic and environmental factors appear to contribute to pathogenesis via IL-33. Conclusion: The IL-33 axis may be promising therapeutic target in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Morphofunctional Laboratory, University Center of Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Mineiros, GO, Brazil
| | - Niege Silva Mendes
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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71
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Al-Ahmad A, Walankiewicz A, Hellwig E, Follo M, Tennert C, Wittmer A, Karygianni L. Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (vis+wIRA) and Chlorine e6 (Ce6) Eradicates Planktonic Periodontal Pathogens and Subgingival Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1900. [PMID: 27965635 PMCID: PMC5124645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatment methods for pathogens and microbial biofilms are required due to the widespread rise in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has recently gained attention as a novel method to eradicate pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a novel aPDT method using visible light (vis) and water infiltrated infrared A (wIRA) in combination with chlorine e6 (Ce6) against different periodontal pathogens in planktonic form and within in situ subgingival oral biofilms. Eight different periodontal pathogens were exposed to aPDT using vis+wIRA and 100 μg/ml Ce6 in planktonic culture. Additionally, pooled subgingival dental biofilm was also treated by aPDT and the number of viable cells determined as colony forming units (CFU). Live/dead staining was used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize and quantify antimicrobial effects within the biofilm samples. Untreated negative controls as well as 0.2% chlorhexidine-treated positive controls were used. All eight tested periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Slackia exigua, and Atopobium rimae and the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm were eliminated over the ranges of 3.43–8.34 and 3.91–4.28 log10 CFU in the log10 scale, respectively. Thus, aPDT showed bactericidal effects on the representative pathogens as well as on the in situ subgingival biofilm. The live/dead staining also revealed a significant reduction (33.45%) of active cells within the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm. Taking the favorable tissue healing effects of vis+wIRA into consideration, the significant antimicrobial effects revealed in this study highlight the potential of aPDT using this light source in combination with Ce6 as an adjunctive method to treat periodontitis as well as periimplantitis. The present results encourage also the evaluation of this method for the treatment of caries and apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Walankiewicz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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72
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Kasbohm E, Holtfreter B, Völker U, Petersmann A, Samietz S, Biffar R, Völzke H, Meisel P, Kacprowski T, Homuth G, Kocher T, Teumer A. Exome Variant Analysis of Chronic Periodontitis in 2 Large Cohort Studies. J Dent Res 2016; 96:73-80. [PMID: 27655622 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516665076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissue. The main risk factors are socioeconomic factors, sex, age, smoking, and diabetes, but periodontal disease has also a genetic background. Previous genome-wide association studies failed to reveal genome-wide significant associations of single common single-nucleotide polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis. Using the Illumina ExomeChip data of 6,576 participants of the German population-based cohort studies Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and SHIP-Trend, the authors performed single variant and also gene-based association studies of rare and common exonic variations on different periodontal case definitions. Although our study comprised the largest sample size to date to assess genetic predisposition for chronic periodontitis, the authors found no significant association. This study emphasizes that for chronic periodontitis, large sample sizes will be necessary to find genetic associations, even when examining rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kasbohm
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Völker
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Petersmann
- 3 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Samietz
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, Gerostomatology and Biomaterials, Center for Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Biffar
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, Gerostomatology and Biomaterials, Center for Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Meisel
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kacprowski
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Homuth
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Teumer
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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73
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Onabolu O, Lin GH. Periodontal infectogenomics: systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:889-900. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Clinical Oral Research Centre; Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | | | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor MI USA
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74
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Razzouk S. Regulatory elements and genetic variations in periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:106-115. [PMID: 27569042 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current evidence suggests that many GWAS and IL1 SNPs are associated with periodontal diseases but their functional role remains ambiguous. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the molecular pathways through which these SNPs might act on the development of the disease. The purpose of this review was to highlight the regulatory elements of noncoding regions of the genome and provide insights on the functional role of periodontitis-associated GWAS and IL1 SNPs. DESIGN A search was performed using ENCODE data available on different browsers. RESULTS GWAS and IL1 SNPs overlap DNase I hypersensitivity sites, histone modifications and transcription binding sites. Some of these noncoding variants influenced the transcription activity of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION SNPs associated with periodontal diseases may contribute to the development of the disorder through their functional roles. Unraveling the character of genetic components might explain the diversity of clinical phenotypes among population groups as well as disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleiman Razzouk
- Adjunct faculty, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States; Private Practice, Beirut, Lebanon.
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75
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Offenbacher S, Divaris K, Barros SP, Moss KL, Marchesan JT, Morelli T, Zhang S, Kim S, Sun L, Beck JD, Laudes M, Munz M, Schaefer AS, North KE. Genome-wide association study of biologically informed periodontal complex traits offers novel insights into the genetic basis of periodontal disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2113-2129. [PMID: 26962152 PMCID: PMC5062586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronic periodontitis (CP) defined by clinical criteria alone have had modest success to-date. Here, we refine the CP phenotype by supplementing clinical data with biological intermediates of microbial burden (levels of eight periodontal pathogens) and local inflammatory response (gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β) and derive periodontal complex traits (PCTs) via principal component analysis. PCTs were carried forward to GWAS (∼2.5 million markers) to identify PCT-associated loci among 975 European American adult participants of the Dental ARIC study. We sought to validate these findings for CP in the larger ARIC cohort (n = 821 participants with severe CP, 2031-moderate CP, 1914-healthy/mild disease) and an independent German sample including 717 aggressive periodontitis cases and 4210 controls. We identified six PCTs with distinct microbial community/IL-1β structures, although with overlapping clinical presentations. PCT1 was characterized by a uniformly high pathogen load, whereas PCT3 and PCT5 were dominated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. We detected genome-wide significant signals for PCT1 (CLEC19A, TRA, GGTA2P, TM9SF2, IFI16, RBMS3), PCT4 (HPVC1) and PCT5 (SLC15A4, PKP2, SNRPN). Overall, the highlighted loci included genes associated with immune response and epithelial barrier function. With the exception of associations of BEGAIN with severe and UBE3D with moderate CP, no other loci were associated with CP in ARIC or aggressive periodontitis in the German sample. Although not associated with current clinically determined periodontal disease taxonomies, upon replication and mechanistic validation these candidate loci may highlight dysbiotic microbial community structures and altered inflammatory/immune responses underlying biological sub-types of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Silvana P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin L Moss
- Department of Dental Ecology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven Kim
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute of Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne S Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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76
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Zhang S, Divaris K, Moss K, Yu N, Barros S, Marchesan J, Morelli T, Agler C, Kim SJ, Wu D, North KE, Beck J, Offenbacher S. The Novel ASIC2 Locus is Associated with Severe Gingival Inflammation. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 1:163-170. [PMID: 28459102 DOI: 10.1177/2380084416645290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests a significant genetic regulation of inflammatory response mechanisms; however, little is known regarding the genetic determinants of severe gingival inflammation (GI). We conducted a genome-wide association study of severe GI among 4077 European American adults, participants in the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities cohort. The severe GI trait was defined dichotomously using the 90th percentile of gingival index ≥2 extent score. Genotyping was performed with the Affymetrix 6.0 array platform and an imputed set of 2.5 million markers, based on HapMap Phase II CEU build 36, was interrogated. Genetic models were based on logistic regression and controlled for ancestry (10 principal components), sex, age, and examination center. One locus on chromosome 17 met genome-wide statistical significance criteria-lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP): rs11652874 [minor allele frequency=0.06, intronic to ASIC2 (acid sensing ionic channel-2, formerly named ACCN1); odds ratio=2.1, 95% confidence interval=1.6-2.7, p=3.9×10-8]. This association persisted among subjects with severe periodontitis and was robust to adjustment for microbial plaque index. Moreover, the minor [G] allele was associated with higher levels of severe GI in stratified analyses among subsets of participants with high load of either "red" or "orange" complex pathogens, although this association was not statistically significant. While these results will require replication in independent samples and confirmation by mechanistic studies, this locus appears as a promising candidate for severe gingival inflammation. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in ASIC2 is significantly associated with severe gingival inflammation and the association is plaque-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kevin Moss
- Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ning Yu
- Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Silvana Barros
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Julie Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Cary Agler
- Center for Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven J Kim
- Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - James Beck
- Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Center for Oral and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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77
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Immune and regulatory functions of neutrophils in inflammatory bone loss. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:146-58. [PMID: 26936034 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although historically viewed as merely anti-microbial effectors in acute infection or injury, neutrophils are now appreciated to be functionally versatile with critical roles also in chronic inflammation. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting gums and bone, is particularly affected by alterations in neutrophil numbers or function, as revealed by observations in monogenic disorders and relevant mouse models. Besides being a significant debilitating disease and health burden in its own right, periodontitis is thus an attractive model to dissect uncharted neutrophil-associated (patho)physiological pathways. Here, we summarize recent evidence that neutrophils can contribute to inflammatory bone loss not only through the typical bystander injury dogma but intriguingly also through their absence from the affected tissue, where they normally perform important immunomodulatory functions. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the interactions of neutrophils with the vascular endothelium and - upon extravasation - with bacteria, and how the dysregulation of these interactions leads to inflammatory tissue damage. Overall, neutrophils have both protective and destructive roles in periodontitis, as they are involved in both the maintenance of periodontal tissue homeostasis and the induction of inflammatory bone loss. This highlights the importance of developing approaches that promote or sustain a fine balance between homeostatic immunity and inflammatory pathology.
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78
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Huang Y, Chain FJJ, Panchal M, Eizaguirre C, Kalbe M, Lenz TL, Samonte IE, Stoll M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Reusch TBH, Milinski M, Feulner PGD. Transcriptome profiling of immune tissues reveals habitat-specific gene expression between lake and river sticklebacks. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:943-58. [PMID: 26749022 PMCID: PMC4790908 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The observation of habitat-specific phenotypes suggests the action of natural selection. The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has repeatedly colonized and adapted to diverse freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere since the last glaciation, while giving rise to recurring phenotypes associated with specific habitats. Parapatric lake and river populations of sticklebacks harbour distinct parasite communities, a factor proposed to contribute to adaptive differentiation between these ecotypes. However, little is known about the transcriptional response to the distinct parasite pressure of those fish in a natural setting. Here, we sampled wild-caught sticklebacks across four geographical locations from lake and river habitats differing in their parasite load. We compared gene expression profiles between lake and river populations using 77 whole-transcriptome libraries from two immune-relevant tissues, the head kidney and the spleen. Differential expression analyses revealed 139 genes with habitat-specific expression patterns across the sampled population pairs. Among the 139 differentially expressed genes, eight are annotated with an immune function and 42 have been identified as differentially expressed in previous experimental studies in which fish have been immune challenged. Together, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that parasites contribute to adaptation of sticklebacks in lake and river habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Frédéric J J Chain
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1B1
| | - Mahesh Panchal
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Bioinformatics Infrastructures for Life Sciences (BILS), Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum (BMC), Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum (BMC), Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, London, UK
| | - Martin Kalbe
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Irene E Samonte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred Milinski
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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79
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Abstract
A paradigm shift several decades ago elucidated that aggressive periodontitis (AgP) was not a degenerative disorder but a rapid progressive form of plaque-induced inflammatory periodontal disease. Ensuing years of research have led to linkage analysis identification of specific genetic defects responsible for AgP in some families and to the finding that subgingival detection of A. actinomycet-emcomitans JP2 clone is a predictive factor for disease onset and progression. However, rather disappointingly, these ‘proven’ risk factors are only detected in a small subset of AgP cases. Recent advances are leading to a new paradigm shift, with the realization that genetically-driven dysbiotic changes in the subgingival microbiota may predispose to a cascade of events leading to the rapid periodontal tissue destruction seen in AgP. This review tries to dissect the existing literature on the host response-microbial axis of AgP and to propose possible pathogenic pathways in line with current theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- a Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research; UCL Eastman Dental Institute ; London , UK
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80
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Sorsa T, Gursoy UK, Nwhator S, Hernandez M, Tervahartiala T, Leppilahti J, Gursoy M, Könönen E, Emingil G, Pussinen PJ, Mäntylä P. Analysis of matrix metalloproteinases, especially MMP-8, in gingival crevicular fluid, mouthrinse and saliva for monitoring periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2015; 70:142-63. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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81
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Two-stage comprehensive evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in FBXO38, AP3B2 and WHAMM to severe chronic periodontitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17882. [PMID: 26643602 PMCID: PMC4672326 DOI: 10.1038/srep17882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is an oral disorder characterized with gingival inflammation and bone destruction. As the sixth-most prevalent condition affecting more than 743 million people around the world, it is classified as one of the seven destructive oral disorders. Early genetic epidemiological evidence indicated a major role for genetics in periodontal disease development. In this study, we conducted a two-stage comprehensive evaluation of the genetic susceptibility of FBXO38, AP3B2 and WHAMM with the diagnosis of severe chronic periodontitis. A total of 5,065 study subjects from the Han Chinese population consisting of 1,264 cases and 3,801 healthy controls were recruited, and 65 single nucleotide markers related to the three candidate genes were genotyped to investigate the susceptibility of patients with these polymorphisms to severe chronic periodontitis. To increase the coverage of genetic markers, we implemented imputation techniques to extend the number of tested makers to 416. Single marker and haplotype-based analyses were performed, and significant results were obtained for FBXO38 (rs10043775, P = 0.0009) and AP3B2 (rs11631963-rs11637433, CA, P = 9.98 × 10(-5); rs1864699-rs2099259-rs2278355, ATC, P = 3.84 × 10(-8)). Our findings provide direct evidence for the association of FBXO38 and AP3B2 with severe chronic periodontitis in the Han Chinese population.
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82
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Winning L, Patterson CC, Cullen KM, Stevenson KA, Lundy FT, Kee F, Linden GJ. The association between subgingival periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:799-806. [PMID: 26309048 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate associations between periodontal disease pathogens and levels of systemic inflammation measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS A representative sample of dentate 60-70-year-old men in Northern Ireland had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Men taking statins were excluded. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed by quantitative real time PCR to identify the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia. High-sensitivity CRP (mg/l) was measured from fasting blood samples. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using log-transformed CRP concentration as the dependent variable, with the presence of each periodontal pathogen as predictor variables, with adjustment for various potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 518 men (mean age 63.6 SD 3.0 years) were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that body mass index (p < 0.001), current smoking (p < 0.01), the detectable presence of P. gingivalis (p < 0.01) and hypertension (p = 0.01), were independently associated with an increased CRP. The detectable presence of P. gingivalis was associated with a 20% (95% confidence interval 4-35%) increase in CRP (mg/l) after adjustment for all other predictor variables. CONCLUSION In these 60-70-year-old dentate men, the presence of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque was significantly associated with a raised level of C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Winning
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kathy M Cullen
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kathryn A Stevenson
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerard J Linden
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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83
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Teeuw WJ, Laine ML, Bizzarro S, Loos BG. A Lead ANRIL Polymorphism Is Associated with Elevated CRP Levels in Periodontitis: A Pilot Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137335. [PMID: 26348353 PMCID: PMC4562619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a marker for systemic inflammation and a risk marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), and has also been associated with periodontitis. Inter-individual variation for hsCRP in periodontitis has been shown. ANRIL is the strongest genetic susceptibility locus for both periodontitis and ACVD, and it is speculated that genetic variation in ANRIL may modulate inflammatory processes. Therefore, we explored the possible association between hsCRP plasma levels and a leading ANRIL single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in periodontitis patients and controls. 171 healthy subjects with North European descent (115 periodontitis and 56 controls) were included in this case-control study. hsCRP levels were determined and subjects were genotyped for the leading ANRIL SNP rs1333048. In a multivariate analysis, periodontitis, female gender, increasing BMI and homozygosity for the major allele (AA-genotype) of rs1333048 were significantly associated with elevated hsCRP plasma levels (p = 0.012, p = 0.004, p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). Periodontitis patients with rs1333048 AA-genotype showed higher levels of hsCRP than those carrying the minor C allele (median: 4.5 mg/L vs. 1.6 mg/L, padjusted = 0.007). This study is the first to show that, in addition to gender and BMI, also a leading SNP in ANRIL is explanatory for inter-individual variation in hsCRP levels in periodontitis patients of North European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand J. Teeuw
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sergio Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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84
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Hong KW, Shin MS, Ahn YB, Lee HJ, Kim HD. Genomewide association study on chronic periodontitis in Korean population: results from the Yangpyeong health cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute; Suwonsi Gyeonggi-do Korea
- Division of Biomedical Informatics; Center for Genome Science; National Institute of Health; KCDC; Cheongju-si Chungbuk Korea
| | - Myung-Seop Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Yoo-Been Ahn
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
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85
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Abstract
This review addresses the multicausal etiology of periodontitis, in which genetic factors play a role. The various proposed causes for periodontitis always work simultaneously, but the relative contribution of each of these varies from case to case. We are still at an early stage to identify the genes involved, in comparison with other chronic diseases. To date, the genetic variations firmly and repeatedly associated with periodontitis in some populations are found within the following genes: ANRIL, COX2, IL1, IL10, DEFB1, whereas many other proposed periodontitis candidate genes have not been firmly proven or replicated.
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86
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Preventing tooth loss with biannual dental visits and genetic testing. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:141-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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87
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Gonzalez OA, Orraca L, Kensler TB, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Maldonado E, Ebersole JL. Familial periodontal disease in the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:143-51. [PMID: 25708960 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substantial ongoing research continues to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease(s). Existing evidence supports that periodontal disease appears to have an increased prevalence in family units with a member having aggressive periodontitis. We have been using the nonhuman primate as a model of periodontal disease for over 25 years with these species demonstrating naturally occurring periodontal disease that increases with age. This report details our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease in skulls from 97 animals (5-31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. Periodontal disease was evaluated by determining the distance from the base of the alveolar bone defect to the cemento-enamel junction on 1st/2nd premolars and 1st/2nd molars from all four quadrants. The results demonstrated an increasing extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across the population of animals beyond only compensatory eruption. Importantly, irrespective of age, extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals. Linking these variations to multi-generational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. As the current generations of animals that are descendants from these matrilines are alive, studies can be conducted to explore an array of underlying factors that could account for susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Luis Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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88
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Yu YH, Chasman DI, Buring JE, Rose L, Ridker PM. Cardiovascular risks associated with incident and prevalent periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:21-8. [PMID: 25385537 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM While prevalent periodontal disease associates with cardiovascular risk, little is known about how incident periodontal disease influences future vascular risk. We compared effects of incident versus prevalent periodontal disease in developing major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic stroke and total CVD. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective cohort of 39,863 predominantly white women, age ≥45 years and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline were followed for an average of 15.7 years. Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying periodontal status [prevalent (18%), incident (7.3%) versus never (74.7%)] were used to assess future cardiovascular risks. RESULTS Incidence rates of all CVD outcomes were higher in women with prevalent or incident periodontal disease. For women with incident periodontal disease, risk factor adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.14-1.77) for major CVD, 1.72 (1.25-2.38) for MI, 1.41 (1.02-1.95) for ischaemic stroke and 1.27 (1.06-1.52) for total CVD. For women with prevalent periodontal disease, adjusted HRs were 1.14 (1.00-1.31) for major CVD, 1.27 (1.04-1.56) for MI, 1.12 (0.91-1.37) for ischaemic stroke and 1.15 (1.03-1.28) for total CVD. CONCLUSION New cases of periodontal disease, not just those that are pre-existing, place women at significantly elevated risks for future cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hua Yu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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89
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90
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Laine ML, Jepsen S, Loos BG. Progress in the Identification of Genetic Factors in Periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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91
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Köseoğlu S, Hatipoğlu M, Sağlam M, Enhoş Ş, Esen HH. Interleukin-33 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:525-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - M. Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - M. Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Ş. Enhoş
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - H. H. Esen
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Necmettin Erbakan University; Konya Turkey
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92
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Rhodin K, Divaris K, North KE, Barros SP, Moss K, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Chronic periodontitis genome-wide association studies: gene-centric and gene set enrichment analyses. J Dent Res 2014; 93:882-90. [PMID: 25056994 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514544506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronic periodontitis (CP) offer rich data sources for the investigation of candidate genes, functional elements, and pathways. We used GWAS data of CP (n = 4,504) and periodontal pathogen colonization (n = 1,020) from a cohort of adult Americans of European descent participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and employed a MAGENTA approach (i.e., meta-analysis gene set enrichment of variant associations) to obtain gene-centric and gene set association results corrected for gene size, number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and local linkage disequilibrium characteristics based on the human genome build 18 (National Center for Biotechnology Information build 36). We used the Gene Ontology, Ingenuity, KEGG, Panther, Reactome, and Biocarta databases for gene set enrichment analyses. Six genes showed evidence of statistically significant association: 4 with severe CP (NIN, p = 1.6 × 10(-7); ABHD12B, p = 3.6 × 10(-7); WHAMM, p = 1.7 × 10(-6); AP3B2, p = 2.2 × 10(-6)) and 2 with high periodontal pathogen colonization (red complex-KCNK1, p = 3.4 × 10(-7); Porphyromonas gingivalis-DAB2IP, p = 1.0 × 10(-6)). Top-ranked genes for moderate CP were HGD (p = 1.4 × 10(-5)), ZNF675 (p = 1.5 × 10(-5)), TNFRSF10C (p = 2.0 × 10(-5)), and EMR1 (p = 2.0 × 10(-5)). Loci containing NIN, EMR1, KCNK1, and DAB2IP had showed suggestive evidence of association in the earlier single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analyses, whereas WHAMM and AP2B2 emerged as novel candidates. The top gene sets included severe CP ("endoplasmic reticulum membrane," "cytochrome P450," "microsome," and "oxidation reduction") and moderate CP ("regulation of gene expression," "zinc ion binding," "BMP signaling pathway," and "ruffle"). Gene-centric analyses offer a promising avenue for efficient interrogation of large-scale GWAS data. These results highlight genes in previously identified loci and new candidate genes and pathways possibly associated with CP, which will need to be validated via replication and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rhodin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Moss
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J D Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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93
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Feng P, Wang X, Casado PL, Küchler EC, Deeley K, Noel J, Kimm H, Kim JH, Haas AN, Quinelato V, Bonato LL, Granjeiro JM, Susin C, Vieira AR. Genome wide association scan for chronic periodontitis implicates novel locus. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:84. [PMID: 25008200 PMCID: PMC4096424 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for a genetic contribution to chronic periodontitis. In this study, we conducted a genome wide association study among 866 participants of the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy (N = 767) to severe chronic periodontitis (N = 99). METHODS Genotypingi of over half-million single nucleotide polymorphisms was determined. Analyses were done twice, first in the complete dataset of all ethnicities, and second including only samples defined as self-reported Whites. From the top 100 results, twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms had consistent results in both analyses (borderline p-values ranging from 1E-05 to 1E-6) and were selected to be tested in two independent datasets derived from 1,460 individuals from Porto Alegre, and 359 from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Meta-analyses of the Single nucleotide polymorphisms showing a trend for association in the independent dataset were performed. RESULTS The rs1477403 marker located on 16q22.3 showed suggestive association in the discovery phase and in the Porto Alegre dataset (p = 0.05). The meta-analysis suggested the less common allele decreases the risk of chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data offer a clear hypothesis to be independently tested regarding the contribution of the 16q22.3 locus to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Importance of Diversity in the Oral Microbiota including Candida Species Revealed by High-Throughput Technologies. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:454391. [PMID: 24864144 PMCID: PMC4016938 DOI: 10.1155/2014/454391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of high-throughput technologies, deep sequencing of the human microbiome has revealed commensal bacteria independent of the ability to culture them. The composition of the commensal microbiome is dependent on bacterial diversity and the state of the host regulated by the immune system. Candida species are well known as components of the commensal oral microbiota. Candida species frequently colonize and develop biofilms on medical devices like dentures and catheters. Therefore, Candida biofilm on dentures leads to a decrease in the bacterial diversity and then to a change in the composition of the oral microbiota. A disturbance in the balance between commensal bacteria and the host immune system results in a switch from a healthy state to a diseased state even in the limited oral niche.
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95
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Abstract
Risk factors play an important role in an individual's response to periodontal infection. Identification of these risk factors helps to target patients for prevention and treatment, with modification of risk factors critical to the control of periodontal disease. Shifts in our understanding of periodontal disease prevalence, and advances in scientific methodology and statistical analysis in the last few decades, have allowed identification of several major systemic risk factors for periodontal disease. The first change in our thinking was the understanding that periodontal disease is not universal, but that severe forms are found only in a portion of the adult population who show abnormal susceptibility. Analysis of risk factors and the ability to statistically adjust and stratify populations to eliminate the effects of confounding factors have allowed identification of independent risk factors. These independent but modifiable, risk factors for periodontal disease include lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. They also include diseases and unhealthy conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and low dietary calcium and vitamin D. These risk factors are modifiable and their management is a major component of the contemporary care of many periodontal patients. Genetic factors also play a role in periodontal disease and allow one to target individuals for prevention and early detection. The role of genetic factors in aggressive periodontitis is clear. However, although genetic factors (i.e., specific genes) are strongly suspected to have an association with chronic adult periodontitis, there is as yet no clear evidence for this in the general population. It is important to pursue efforts to identify genetic factors associated with chronic periodontitis because such factors have potential in identifying patients who have a high susceptibility for development of this disease. Many of the systemic risk factors for periodontal disease, such as smoking, diabetes and obesity, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, are relatively common and can be expected to affect most patients with periodontal disease seen in clinics and dental practices. Hence, risk factor identification and management has become a key component of care for periodontal patients.
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96
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Nibali L, Henderson B, Sadiq ST, Donos N. Genetic dysbiosis: the role of microbial insults in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:22962. [PMID: 24578801 PMCID: PMC3936111 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of bacterial phylotypes colonise the human body and the host response to this bacterial challenge greatly influences our state of health or disease. The concept of infectogenomics highlights the importance of host genetic factors in determining the composition of human microbial biofilms and the response to this microbial challenge. We hereby introduce the term ‘genetic dysbiosis’ to highlight the role of human genetic variants affecting microbial recognition and host response in creating an environment conducive to changes in the normal microbiota. Such changes can, in turn, predispose to, and influence, diseases such as: cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis. This review presents the state of the evidence on host genetic factors affecting dysbiosis and microbial misrecognition (i.e. an aberrant response to the normal microbiota) and highlights the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Henderson
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Tariq Sadiq
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Donos
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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97
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Genetic variation on the BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA region of major histocompatibility complex class III associates with periodontitis. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1939-48. [PMID: 24566624 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01681-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. We investigated whether human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms (6p21.3) are associated with periodontal parameters. Parogene 1 population samples (n = 169) were analyzed with 13,245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC region. Eighteen selected SNPs (P ≤ 0.001) were replicated in Parogene 2 population samples (n = 339) and the Health 2000 Survey (n = 1,420). All subjects had a detailed clinical and radiographic oral health examination. Serum lymphotoxin-α (LTA) concentrations were measured in the Parogene populations, and the protein was detected in inflamed periodontal tissue. In the Parogene 1 population, 10 SNPs were associated with periodontal parameters. The strongest associations emerged from the parameters bleeding on probing (BOP) and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥6 mm with the genes BAT1, NFKBIL1, and LTA. Six SNPs, rs11796, rs3130059, rs2239527, rs2071591, rs909253, and rs1041981 (r(2), ≥0.92), constituted a risk haplotype. In the Parogene 1 population, the haplotype had the strongest association with the parameter BOP, a PPD of ≥6 mm, and severe periodontitis with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.63 (2.21 to 3.20), 2.90 (2.37 to 3.52), and 3.10 (1.63 to 5.98), respectively. These results were replicated in the other two populations. High serum LTA concentrations in the Parogene population were associated with the periodontitis risk alleles of the LTA SNPs (rs909253 and rs1041981) of the haplotype. In addition, the protein was expressed in inflamed gingival connective tissue. We identified a novel BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA haplotype as a significant contributor to the risk of periodontitis. The genetic polymorphisms in the MHC class III region may be functionally important in periodontitis susceptibility.
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Genome-wide association study of periodontal health measured by probing depth in adults ages 18-49 years. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:307-14. [PMID: 24347629 PMCID: PMC3931564 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.008755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of chronic periodontitis clearly includes a heritable component. Our purpose was to perform a small exploratory genome-wide association study in adults ages 18–49 years to nominate genes associated with periodontal disease−related phenotypes for future consideration. Full-mouth periodontal pocket depth probing was performed on participants (N = 673), with affected status defined as two or more sextants with probing depths of 5.5 mm or greater. Two variations of this phenotype that differed in how missing teeth were treated were used in analysis. More than 1.2 million genetic markers across the genome were genotyped or imputed and tested for genetic association. We identified ten suggestive loci (p-value ≤ 1E-5), including genes/loci that have been previously implicated in chronic periodontitis: LAMA2, HAS2, CDH2, ESR1, and the genomic region on chromosome 14q21-22 between SOS2 and NIN. Moreover, we nominated novel loci not previously implicated in chronic periodontitis or related pathways, including the regions 3p22 near OSBPL10 (a lipid receptor implicated in hyperlipidemia), 4p15 near HSP90AB2P (a heat shock pseudogene), 11p15 near GVINP1 (a GTPase pseudogene), 14q31 near SEL1L (an intracellular transporter), and 18q12 in FHOD3 (an actin cytoskeleton regulator). Replication of these results in additional samples is needed. This is one of the first research efforts to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis-related phenotypes by the genome-wide association study approach. Though small, efforts such this are needed in order to nominate novel genes and generate new hypotheses for exploration and testing in future studies.
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Vaithilingam RD, Safii SH, Baharuddin NA, Ng CC, Cheong SC, Bartold PM, Schaefer AS, Loos BG. Moving into a new era of periodontal genetic studies: relevance of large case-control samples using severe phenotypes for genome-wide association studies. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:683-95. [PMID: 24528298 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies to elucidate the role of genetics as a risk factor for periodontal disease have gone through various phases. In the majority of cases, the initial 'hypothesis-dependent' candidate-gene polymorphism studies did not report valid genetic risk loci. Following a large-scale replication study, these initially positive results are believed to be caused by type 1 errors. However, susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2BAS (Cyclin Dependend KiNase 2B AntiSense RNA; alias ANRIL [ANtisense Rna In the Ink locus]), glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), have been reported as conclusive risk loci of periodontitis. The search for genetic risk factors accelerated with the advent of 'hypothesis-free' genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, despite many different GWAS being performed for almost all human diseases, only three GWAS on periodontitis have been published - one reported genome-wide association of GLT6D1 with aggressive periodontitis (a severe phenotype of periodontitis), whereas the remaining two, which were performed on patients with chronic periodontitis, were not able to find significant associations. This review discusses the problems faced and the lessons learned from the search for genetic risk variants of periodontitis. Current and future strategies for identifying genetic variance in periodontitis, and the importance of planning a well-designed genetic study with large and sufficiently powered case-control samples of severe phenotypes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Vaithilingam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zeng Z, Feingold E, Wang X, Weeks DE, Lee M, Cuenco DT, Broffitt B, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil DW, Levy SM, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Genome-wide association study of primary dentition pit-and-fissure and smooth surface caries. Caries Res 2014; 48:330-8. [PMID: 24556642 PMCID: PMC4043868 DOI: 10.1159/000356299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries continues to be the most common chronic disease in children today. Despite the substantial involvement of genetics in the process of caries development, the specific genes contributing to dental caries remain largely unknown. We performed separate genome-wide association studies of smooth and pit-and-fissure tooth surface caries experience in the primary dentitions of self-reported white children in two samples from Iowa and rural Appalachia. In total, 1,006 children (ages 3-12 years) were included for smooth surface analysis, and 979 children (ages 4-14 years) for pit-and-fissure surface analysis. Associations were tested for more than 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, either genotyped or imputed. We detected genome-wide significant signals in KPNA4 (p value = 2.0E-9), and suggestive signals in ITGAL (p value = 2.1E-7) and PLUNC family genes (p value = 2.0E-6), thus nominating these novel loci as putative caries susceptibility genes. We also replicated associations observed in previous studies for MPPED2 (p value = 6.9E-6), AJAP1 (p value = 1.6E-6) and RPS6KA2 (p value = 7.3E-6). Replication of these associations in additional samples, as well as experimental studies to determine the biological functions of associated genetic variants, are warranted. Ultimately, efforts such as this may lead to a better understanding of caries etiology, and could eventually facilitate the development of new interventions and preventive measures.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Appalachian Region
- CD11a Antigen/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- DMF Index
- Dental Caries/genetics
- Dental Fissures/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- Iowa
- Leucine Zippers/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Tooth, Deciduous/pathology
- alpha Karyopherins/genetics
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