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Svob C, Murphy E, Wickramaratne PJ, Gameroff MJ, Talati A, van Dijk MT, Yangchen T, Weissman MM. Pre- and Post-Pandemic Religiosity and Mental Health Outcomes: A Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6002. [PMID: 37297606 PMCID: PMC10252618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Relatively few studies have prospectively examined the effects of known protective factors, such as religion, on pandemic-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre- and post-pandemic trajectories and psychological effects of religious beliefs and religious attendance. Male and female adults (N = 189) reported their beliefs in religious importance (RI) and their religious attendance (RA) both before (T1) and after (T2) the pandemic's onset. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to track RI and RA from T1 to T2 and to test their effects on psychological outcomes at T1 and T2. The participants who reported a decrease in religious importance and attendance were greater in number than those who reported an increase, with RI (36.5% vs. 5.3%) and RA (34.4% vs. 4.8%). The individuals with decreased RI were less likely to know someone who had died from COVID-19 (O.R. =0.4, p = 0.027). The T1 RI predicted overall social adjustment (p < 0.05) and lower suicidal ideation (p = 0.05). The T2 RI was associated with lower suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). The online RA (T2) was associated with lower depression (p < 0.05) and lower anxiety (p < 0.05). Further research is needed to evaluate the mechanisms driving decreases in religiosity during pandemics. Religious beliefs and online religious attendance were beneficial during the pandemic, which bodes well for the use of telemedicine in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eleanor Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Priya J. Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marc J. Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milenna T. van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tenzin Yangchen
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Irak M, Karahan A. Investigating False Memory and Illusory Pattern Perception Bias in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Delusions. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-12. [PMID: 37363747 PMCID: PMC10212733 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Whether the false memory dysfunction in schizophrenia is at the early (encoding, perceptual) or later (retrieval) stages and how delusions affect it remains unclear. Method In this study, we examined the perception and memory biases in schizophrenia patients with (Sch/D; n = 31) and without delusions (Sch/Nd; n = 32) and compared them with healthy controls (HCs; n = 35). We used the Deese Roediger McDermott (DRM) Paradigm and the Noise Task to measure the false memory and illusory pattern perception (IPP) biases, respectively. Results We found that the patient groups performed lower in both the recall and recognition phases for the DRM and the Noise tasks and made more errors compared to the HC group. Additionally, the performance of the Sch/D group was remarkably lower than the Sch/Nd and HC groups. Conclusions Our results indicated that the information-processing problem in schizophrenia exists in both the encoding and retrieval stages. Also found significant relationship between the presence of delusions and the increase in cognitive deficits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10393-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Irak
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition Research Laboratory, Bahcesehir University, Çırağan Cad. No:4 Beşiktaş, Istanbul, 34353 Turkey
| | - Ayşen Karahan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Istanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Dr. Sadık Ahmet Cad. Bağcılar, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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53
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Scheiber F, Nelson PM, Momany A, Ryckman KK, Ece Demir-Lira Ö. Parent mental health and child behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 148:106888. [PMID: 36846210 PMCID: PMC9943737 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Child behavior, which encompasses both internalizing and externalizing behaviors, is associated with many outcomes, including concurrent and future mental health, academic success, and social well-being. Thus, understanding sources of variability in child behavior is crucial for developing strategies aimed at equipping children with necessary resources. Parental mental health (PMH) difficulties and preterm birth may be risk factors for child behavior (CB) problems. Moreover, not only are PMH difficulties more common among parents of preterm children, but preterm children might also be more sensitive than full-term children to environmental stressors. In this study, we examined how PMH and CB changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, how change in PMH related to change in CB, and whether preterm children were more susceptible than full-term children to change in PMH. Methods Parents that participated in a study prior to the pandemic were invited to complete follow-up questionnaires during the pandemic about PMH and CB. Forty-eight parents completed follow-up questionnaires. Results Our results suggested that parental depression symptoms, children's internalizing symptoms, and children's externalizing symptoms significantly increased, and parental well-being significantly decreased during the pandemic. Change in parental depression symptoms, but not change in parental anxiety symptoms or parental well-being, was associated with change in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Prematurity did not moderate change in PMH, change in CB, or the effect of change in PMH on change in CB. Conclusion Our findings have the potential to inform efforts aimed at equipping children with behavioral resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scheiber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paige M Nelson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Allison Momany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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54
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Laifer LM, Maras OR, Sáez G, Gervais SJ, Brock RL. Self-objectification during the perinatal period: The role of body surveillance in maternal and infant wellbeing. SEX ROLES 2023; 88:459-473. [PMID: 37206990 PMCID: PMC10191413 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-023-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique time during which women's bodies undergo significant physical changes (e.g., expanding belly, larger breasts, weight gain) that can elicit increased objectification. Experiences of objectification set the stage for women to view themselves as sexual objects (i.e., self-objectification) and is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Although women may experience heightened self-objectification and behavioral consequences (such as body surveillance) due to the objectification of pregnant bodies in Western cultures, there are remarkably few studies examining objectification theory among women during the perinatal period. The present study investigated the impact of body surveillance, a consequence of self-objectification, on maternal mental health, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional outcomes in a sample of 159 women navigating pregnancy and postpartum. Utilizing a serial mediation model, we found that mothers who endorsed higher levels of body surveillance during pregnancy reported more depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction, which were associated with greater impairments in mother-infant bonding following childbirth and more infant socioemotional dysfunction at 1-year postpartum. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms emerged as a unique mechanism through which body surveillance predicted bonding impairments and subsequent infant outcomes. Results highlight the critical need for early intervention efforts that not only target general depression, but also promote body functionality and acceptance over the Western "thin ideal" of attractiveness among expecting mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Laifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Olivia R. Maras
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gemma Sáez
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sarah J. Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Segre LS, McCabe JE, Davila RC, Carter C, O'Hara MW, Arndt S. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Listening Visits for Mothers of Hospitalized Newborns. Nurs Res 2023; 72:229-235. [PMID: 36920154 PMCID: PMC10329483 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional distress is frequently experienced by mothers whose newborns are hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Among these women, there is a critical need for emotional support conveniently delivered at the newborn's point of care by a trusted and medically knowledgeable professional: a NICU nurse. One promising way to enhance in situ delivery of emotional care is to have a NICU nurse provide Listening Visits (LVs), a brief support intervention developed expressly for delivery by nurses to depressed postpartum women. OBJECTIVES This trial assessed the feasibility of having NICU nurses deliver LVs to emotionally distressed mothers of hospitalized newborns and compared depression outcomes in a small sample of participants randomized to LVs or usual care (UC). METHODS In this pilot randomized controlled trial, emotionally distressed mothers of hospitalized newborns were randomized to receive up to six LVs from a NICU nurse or UC from a NICU social worker. To assess change in depression symptoms, women were invited to complete the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-General Depression Scale at enrollment and 4 and 8 weeks post-enrollment. RESULTS Depression symptoms declined over time for both groups, with no difference between the two groups. A post hoc analysis of reliable change found higher rates of improvement at the 4-week assessment among recipients of LVs than UC. DISCUSSION NICU nurses successfully implemented LVs during this trial. Depression symptom scores did not significantly differ in the two groups posttreatment or at follow-up. Nevertheless, post hoc analyses indicated comparatively higher rates of clinical improvement immediately after LVs, suggesting the intervention can reduce maternal depression early on when women are most distressed.
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56
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McGeary JE, Benca-Bachman CE, Risner VA, Beevers CG, Gibb BE, Palmer RHC. Associating broad and clinically defined polygenic scores for depression with depression-related phenotypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6534. [PMID: 37085695 PMCID: PMC10121555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Twin studies indicate that 30-40% of the disease liability for depression can be attributed to genetic differences. Here, we assess the explanatory ability of polygenic scores (PGS) based on broad- (PGSBD) and clinical- (PGSMDD) depression summary statistics from the UK Biobank in an independent sample of adults (N = 210; 100% European Ancestry) who were extensively phenotyped for depression and related neurocognitive traits (e.g., rumination, emotion regulation, anhedonia, and resting frontal alpha asymmetry). The UK Biobank-derived PGSBD had small associations with MDD, depression severity, anhedonia, cognitive reappraisal, brooding, and suicidal ideation but only the association with suicidal ideation remained statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Similarly small associations were observed for the PGSMDD but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. These findings provide important initial guidance about the expected effect sizes between current UKB PGSs for depression and depression-related neurocognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Victoria A Risner
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Brandon E Gibb
- Department of Psychology State, University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Cooper SE, Hunt C, Stasik-O'Brien SM, Berg H, Lissek S, Watson D, Krueger RF. The Placement of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Within a Five-Factor Model of Maladaptive Personality. Assessment 2023; 30:891-906. [PMID: 35098736 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dimensional models of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, as seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are instrumental in explaining the heterogeneity observed in this condition and for informing cutting-edge assessments. Prior structural work in this area finds that OC symptoms cross-load under both Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism traits within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD). However, tests of OC symptoms in conjunction with assessments of the full AMPD structure and its 25 lower-level facets representing narrower symptom content are lacking. We applied joint exploratory factor analysis to an AMPD measure (Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5) and OC symptom data from two separate samples (total N = 1,506) to locate OC symptoms within AMPD space. OC symptoms cross-loaded on Negative Affectivity, Psychoticism, and on the low end of Disinhibition. We also report exploratory analyses of OC symptom subscales with PID-5 variables. Results are discussed in the context OC symptoms' location in PID-5 space, implications for assessment, and placement of OCD within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hannah Berg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA
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58
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Murphy E, Svob C, Van Dijk M, Gameroff MJ, Skipper J, Abraham E, Yangchen T, Posner J, Shankman SA, Wickramaratne PJ, Weissman MM, Talati A. The effects of the pandemic on mental health in persons with and without a psychiatric history. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2476-2484. [PMID: 34743762 PMCID: PMC8632413 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies are needed to assess the influence of pre-pandemic risk factors on mental health outcomes following the COVID-19 pandemic. From direct interviews prior to (T1), and then in the same individuals after the pandemic onset (T2), we assessed the influence of personal psychiatric history on changes in symptoms and wellbeing. METHODS Two hundred and four (19-69 years/117 female) individuals from a multigenerational family study were followed clinically up to T1. Psychiatric symptom changes (T1-to-T2), their association with lifetime psychiatric history (no, only-past, and recent psychiatric history), and pandemic-specific worries were investigated. RESULTS At T2 relative to T1, participants with recent psychopathology (in the last 2 years) had significantly fewer depressive (mean, M = 41.7 v. 47.6) and traumatic symptoms (M = 6.6 v. 8.1, p < 0.001), while those with no and only-past psychiatric history had decreased wellbeing (M = 22.6 v. 25.0, p < 0.01). Three pandemic-related worry factors were identified: Illness/death, Financial, and Social isolation. Individuals with recent psychiatric history had greater Illness/death and Financial worries than the no/only-past groups, but these worries were unrelated to depression at T2. Among individuals with no/only-past history, Illness/death worries predicted increased T2 depression [B = 0.6(0.3), p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS As recent psychiatric history was not associated with increased depression or anxiety during the pandemic, new groups of previously unaffected persons might contribute to the increased pandemic-related depression and anxiety rates reported. These individuals likely represent incident cases that are first detected in primary care and other non-specialty clinical settings. Such settings may be useful for monitoring future illness among newly at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milenna Van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J. Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Skipper
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eyal Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenzin Yangchen
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priya J. Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Freeman C, Panier L, Schaffer J, Weinberg A. Neural response to social but not monetary reward predicts increases in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14206. [PMID: 36349469 PMCID: PMC9878199 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptoms has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among those with greater pandemic-related stress exposure; however, not all individuals exposed to pandemic stress will develop depression. Determining which individuals are vulnerable to depressive symptoms as a result of this stress could lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of depression. This study sought to determine whether neural sensitivity to monetary and/or social reward prospectively predicts depressive symptoms during periods of high stress. 121 participants attended pre-pandemic laboratory visits where they completed monetary and social reward tasks while electroencephalogram was recorded. Subsequently, from March to August 2020, we sent eight questionnaires probing depressive symptoms and exposure to pandemic-related stressors. Using repeated-measures multilevel models, we evaluated whether neural response to social or monetary reward predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the early course of the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined whether neural response to social or monetary reward moderated the association between pandemic-related episodic stressors and depressive symptoms. Pandemic-related stress exposure was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Additionally, we found that blunted neural response to social but not monetary reward predicted increased depressive symptoms during the pandemic. However, neither neural response to social nor monetary reward moderated the association between episodic stress exposure and depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that neural response to social reward may be a useful predictor of depressive symptomatology under times of chronic stress, particularly stress with a social dimension.
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Laifer LM, O'Hara MW, DiLillo D, Brock RL. Risk for trauma-related distress following difficult childbirth: Trajectories of traumatic intrusions across 2 years postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:191-200. [PMID: 36719513 PMCID: PMC10083078 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is heightened risk for maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the perinatal period. However, it is unclear whether pregnancy and childbirth uniquely contribute to PTSD symptoms above and beyond elevations in negative affectivity that commonly occur among postpartum women (e.g., irritability, fatigue, depressed mood) and past trauma exposure. The present study explored the associations between childbirth stressors and trauma-related distress (TRD; intrusion and avoidance symptoms) across the 2 years following childbirth in a community sample of women (n = 159). Maternal TRD was assessed at pregnancy and four additional timepoints across 2 years postpartum. At pregnancy, mothers completed surveys measuring exposure to trauma and pregnancy-related anxiety. They also reported on pregnancy and childbirth complications across the first 6 months postpartum. Consistent with predictions, labor/delivery complications uniquely predicted increased maternal intrusions during the first 6 months postpartum above and beyond past trauma exposure. Furthermore, growth mixture models identified a subset of women with intrusion symptoms that persisted up to 2 years postpartum and, on average, exceeded the screening threshold for PTSD. Women who experienced greater labor complications were more likely to exhibit this clinical profile relative to low, stable symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of ongoing screening for TRD across the first 2 years postpartum, particularly among women who experience greater labor/delivery complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Laifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
| | - Michael W O'Hara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Rebecca L Brock
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
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Heinrich M, Geiser C, Zagorscak P, Burns GL, Bohn J, Becker SP, Eid M, Beauchaine TP, Knaevelsrud C. On the Meaning of the " P Factor" in Symmetrical Bifactor Models of Psychopathology: Recommendations for Future Research From the Bifactor-( S-1) Perspective. Assessment 2023; 30:487-507. [PMID: 34861784 PMCID: PMC9999288 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Symmetrical bifactor models are frequently applied to diverse symptoms of psychopathology to identify a general P factor. This factor is assumed to mark shared liability across all psychopathology dimensions and mental disorders. Despite their popularity, however, symmetrical bifactor models of P often yield anomalous results, including but not limited to nonsignificant or negative specific factor variances and nonsignificant or negative factor loadings. To date, these anomalies have often been treated as nuisances to be explained away. In this article, we demonstrate why these anomalies alter the substantive meaning of P such that it (a) does not reflect general liability to psychopathology and (b) differs in meaning across studies. We then describe an alternative modeling framework, the bifactor-(S-1) approach. This method avoids anomalous results, provides a framework for explaining unexpected findings in published symmetrical bifactor studies, and yields a well-defined general factor that can be compared across studies when researchers hypothesize what construct they consider "transdiagnostically meaningful" and measure it directly. We present an empirical example to illustrate these points and provide concrete recommendations to help researchers decide for or against specific variants of bifactor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Heinrich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
- Manuel Heinrich, Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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62
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Li LY, Glazer JE, Helgren F, Funkhouser CJ, Auerbach RP, Shankman SA. Electrophysiological evidence of mal-adaptation to error in remitted depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 179:108555. [PMID: 37031811 PMCID: PMC10175186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying risk markers for major depressive disorder (MDD) that persist into remission is key to address MDD's high rate of recurrence. Central to MDD recurrence are the disorder's negative information processing biases, such as heightened responses to errors, which may subsequently impair abilities to monitor performance and adjust behaviors based on environmental demands. However, little is known regarding the neurophysiological correlates of post-error adaptation in depression. The current study investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance following errors from a flanker task in 58 participants with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 118 healthy controls (HC). Specifically, using trial-level data, we tested: (a) the impact of errors on response-locked ERPs of the current and post-error trials (error-related negativity [ERN] and correct response negativity [CRN]) and (b) longer-term adaptation to errors (ERN/CRN) over the course of the task. Compared to HC, rMDD participants showed a larger ERN to the current trial and smaller habituation in ERN over time. On trials immediately following errors, rMDD participants showed slower reaction times that were predicted by the previous-trial ERN amplitude but comparable accuracy to HC, suggesting a deficient ability to disengage from errors and/or a compensatory effort to mitigate accuracy decrements. Critically, this pattern of responding: (a) was concurrently associated with greater levels of anhedonia symptoms, more severe MDD history, and interpersonal impairment (but lower impairment in life activities) and (b) predicted more anhedonia symptoms at one-year follow-up. Collectively, a hyperactive performance monitoring system may be a useful risk marker for future MDD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Y Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James E Glazer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fiona Helgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carter J Funkhouser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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63
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Mu W, Li K, Tian Y, Perlman G, Michelini G, Watson D, Ormel H, Klein DN, Kotov R. Dynamic risk for first onset of depressive disorders in adolescence: does change matter? Psychol Med 2023; 53:2352-2360. [PMID: 34802476 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for depressive disorders (DD) change substantially over time, but the prognostic value of these changes remains unclear. Two basic types of dynamic effects are possible. The 'Risk Escalation hypothesis' posits that worsening of risk levels predicts DD onset above average level of risk factors. Alternatively, the 'Chronic Risk hypothesis' posits that the average level rather than change predicts first-onset DD. METHODS We utilized data from the ADEPT project, a cohort of 496 girls (baseline age 13.5-15.5 years) from the community followed for 3 years. Participants underwent five waves of assessments for risk factors and diagnostic interviews for DD. For illustration purposes, we selected 16 well-established dynamic risk factors for adolescent depression, such as depressive and anxiety symptoms, personality traits, clinical traits, and social risk factors. We conducted Cox regression analyses with time-varying covariates to predict first DD onset. RESULTS Consistently elevated risk factors (i.e. the mean of multiple waves), but not recent escalation, predicted first-onset DD, consistent with the Chronic Risk hypothesis. This hypothesis was supported across all 16 risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Across a range of risk factors, girls who had first-onset DD generally did not experience a sharp increase in risk level shortly before the onset of disorder; rather, for years before onset, they exhibited elevated levels of risk. Our findings suggest that chronicity of risk should be a particular focus in screening high-risk populations to prevent the onset of DDs. In particular, regular monitoring of risk factors in school settings is highly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Mu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqiao Li
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Hans Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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64
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Laifer LM, Maras OR, Sáez G, Gervais SJ, Brock RL. Self-objectification during the perinatal period: The role of body surveillance in maternal and infant wellbeing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2714781. [PMID: 36993503 PMCID: PMC10055659 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2714781/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique time during which women's bodies undergo significant physical changes (e.g., expanding belly, larger breasts, weight gain) that can elicit increased objectification. Experiences of objectification set the stage for women to view themselves as sexual objects (i.e., self-objectification) and is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Although women may experience heightened self-objectification and behavioral consequences (such as body surveillance) due to the objectification of pregnant bodies in Western cultures, there are remarkably few studies examining objectification theory among women during the perinatal period. The present study investigated the impact of body surveillance, a consequence of self-objectification, on maternal mental health, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional outcomes in a sample of 159 women navigating pregnancy and postpartum. Utilizing a serial mediation model, we found that mothers who endorsed higher levels of body surveillance during pregnancy reported more depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction, which were associated with greater impairments in mother-infant bonding following childbirth and more infant socioemotional dysfunction at 1-year postpartum. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms emerged as a unique mechanism through which body surveillance predicted bonding impairments and subsequent infant outcomes. Results highlight the critical need for early intervention efforts that not only target general depression, but also promote body functionality and acceptance over the Western "thin ideal" of attractiveness among expecting mothers.
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65
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Miller ML, O'Hara MW. The structure of mood and anxiety disorder symptoms in the perinatal period. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:231-239. [PMID: 36610596 PMCID: PMC11095580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perinatal period is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable time for the development and exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms. Research has often focused on perinatal depression, with much less information on perinatal anxiety. This study examined the psychometric structure of all internalizing (anxiety and mood disorder symptoms) in the perinatal period. METHODS Participants were primarily community adults receiving prenatal care from an academic medical center (N = 246). Participants completed a structured clinical interview using the Interview for Mood and Anxiety Symptoms (IMAS) during pregnancy (28-32 weeks gestation) and the postpartum (6-8 weeks). Clinical interviews dimensionally assessed all current anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms as well as lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses identified three latent factors onto which psychiatric symptoms loaded: Distress (depression, generalized anxiety, irritability, and panic symptoms), Fear (social anxiety, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms), and Bipolar (mania and obsessive-compulsive symptoms) in both pregnancy and the postpartum. The fit statistics of the models indicated adequate to good fit in both models. LIMITATIONS The IMAS is validated against the DSM-IV-TR rather than the DSM-5 and assessments of psychiatric symptoms were focused only on the current pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS A three-factor model consisting of Distress, Fear and Bipolar latent factors was the best-fitting model in pregnancy and the postpartum period and showed stability across time. The structure of internalizing symptoms has important implications for future perinatal research and can be utilized to guide treatment by highlighting which psychiatric symptoms may be most similar during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Miller
- University of Iowa, United States of America; Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Vittengl JR, Jarrett RB, Ro E, Clark LA. Evaluating a Comprehensive Model of Euthymia. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2023; 92:133-138. [PMID: 36917971 PMCID: PMC10871685 DOI: 10.1159/000529784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In research and treatment of mood disorders, "euthymia" traditionally denotes the absence of clinically significant mood disturbance. A newer, expanded definition of euthymia also includes positive affect and psychological well-being. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test this comprehensive model of euthymia and estimate the coherence and predictive power of each factor in the model. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (N = 601), including both mental health outpatients and non-patients at high risk for personality pathology, completed a battery of interviews and questionnaires at time 1. Most (n = 497) were reassessed on average 8 months later (time 2). We modeled euthymia using standard mood, personality, and psychosocial functioning assessments rather than measures designed specifically for euthymia. RESULTS The hypothesized model of euthymia was supported by confirmatory factor analysis: specific measures loaded on three lower order factors (mood disturbance, positive affect, and psychological well-being) that reflected general euthymia at time 1. Each factor (general euthymia plus lower order factors) demonstrated moderately strong concurrent (time 1) and predictive (time 1-2) correlations with outcomes, including employment status, income, mental health treatment consumption, and disability. Compared to positive affect and psychological well-being, mood disturbance had stronger incremental (i.e., nonoverlapping) relations with these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Support for a comprehensive model of euthymia reinforces efforts to improve assessment and treatment of mood and other disorders. Beyond dampening of psychological distress, euthymia-informed treatment goals encompass full recovery, including enjoyment and meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin B. Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eunyoe Ro
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Kumar SA, Franz MR, DiLillo D, Brock RL. Promoting resilience to depression among couples during pregnancy: The protective functions of intimate relationship satisfaction and self-compassion. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:387-405. [PMID: 35610976 PMCID: PMC9899353 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy, while often marked by joy, may pose considerable risk for depression among parents. Against a backdrop of adverse life events, expectant parents may be even more vulnerable to developing symptoms of depression during the prenatal period. Thus, it is critical to identify sources of resilience that might facilitate a successful transition to parenthood among couples who have a history of adversity. Prior work suggests that interpersonal and intrapersonal factors associated with resilience, such as intimate relationship satisfaction and self-compassion (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness), have the potential to attenuate prenatal depression among couples with a history of stressful life experiences. We tested this possibility in a sample of 159 couples navigating pregnancy. As predicted, a greater number of prior stressful life experiences was associated with increased depression symptom severity for both mothers and fathers. However, moderation analyses revealed the positive link between cumulative stressful life experiences and depression symptom severity was attenuated among mothers who reported greater self-compassion in the form of feelings of common humanity, and fathers who reported higher levels of intimate relationship satisfaction and self-compassion in the form of mindfulness. Findings suggest enhancing intimate relationship satisfaction and self-compassion among expectant couples may be valuable in attenuating prenatal depression among those with a greater history of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly R. Franz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Klumpp H, Bauer BW, Glazer J, Macdonald-Gagnon G, Feurer C, Duffecy J, Medrano GR, Craske MG, Phan KL, Shankman SA. Neural responsiveness to reward and suicidal ideation in social anxiety and major depression before and after psychotherapy. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108520. [PMID: 36801433 PMCID: PMC10106432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicidality is prevalent in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Limited data indicate the reward positivity (RewP), a neurophysiological index of reward responsivity, and subjective capacity for pleasure may serve as brain and behavioral assays for suicide risk though this has yet to be examined in SAD or MDD in the context of psychotherapy. Therefore, the current study tested whether suicidal ideation (SI) relates to RewP and subjective capacity for anticipatory and consummatory pleasure at baseline and whether Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) impacts these measures. Participants with SAD (n = 55) or MDD (n = 54) completed a monetary reward task (gains vs. losses) during electroencephalogram (EEG) before being randomized to CBT or supportive therapy (ST), a comparator common factors arm. EEG and SI data were collected at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment; capacity for pleasure was collected at baseline and post-treatment. Baseline results showed participants with SAD or MDD were comparable in SI, RewP, and capacity for pleasure. When controlling for symptom severity, SI negatively corresponded with RewP following gains and SI positively corresponded with RewP following losses at baseline. Yet, SI did not relate to subjective capacity for pleasure. Evidence of a distinct SI-RewP association suggests RewP may serve as a transdiagnositic brain-based marker of SI. Treatment outcome revealed that among participants with SI at baseline, SI significantly decreased regardless of treatment arm; also, consummatory, but not anticipatory, pleasure increased across participants regardless of treatment arm. RewP was stable following treatment, which has been reported in other clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Brian W Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James Glazer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Duffecy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gustavo R Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Stanton K, Khoo S, McDonnell CG, Villalongo Andino M, Sturgeon T, Aasen L. An Initial Investigation of the Joint Classification of Hypomania- and Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Relevant Dimensions Within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. Assessment 2023; 30:414-432. [PMID: 34747193 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211055670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined hierarchical structural models of psychopathology in samples of (a) adults recruited online and screened based on psychopathology history (N = 429) and (b) undergraduates (N = 529) to inform classification of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD)- and hypomania-relevant dimensions within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Results differed across samples in some ways, but converged to indicate that some NDD- and hypomania-relevant dimensions aligned closely with different HiTOP spectra. For example, some hypomania-relevant dimensions (e.g., affective lability) overlapped strongly with the internalizing spectrum, whereas others (e.g., self-perceived charisma) were reverse-indicators of detachment. Examination of cross-sectional and prospective correlates for emergent factors also was informative in some ways. This included NDD-relevant and disinhibited externalizing dimensions associating robustly with treatment seeking history and recent experiences of distress. These results provide initial insights into classifying NDD- and hypomania-relevant dimensions within the HiTOP and indicate a need for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Stanton
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.,Western University, London, Canada
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Bauer EA, Wilson KA, Phan KL, Shankman SA, MacNamara A. A Neurobiological Profile Underlying Comorbidity Load and Prospective Increases in Dysphoria in a Focal Fear Sample. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:352-361. [PMID: 36280453 PMCID: PMC10866641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying increased disease burden in anxiety disorders that is unaccounted for by individual categorical diagnoses could lead to improved clinical care. Here, we tested the utility of a joint functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography neurobiological profile characterized by overvaluation of negative stimuli (amygdala) in combination with blunted elaborated processing of these same stimuli (the late positive potential [LPP], an event-related potential) in predicting increased psychopathology across a 2-year period in people with anxiety disorders. METHODS One hundred ten participants (64 female, 45 male, 1 other) including 78 participants with phobias who varied in the extent of their internalizing comorbidity and 32 participants who were free from psychopathology viewed negative and neutral pictures during separate functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent and electroencephalogram recordings. Dysphoria was assessed at baseline and 2 years later. RESULTS Participants with both heightened amygdala activation and blunted LPPs to negative pictures showed the greatest increases in dysphoria 2 years later. Cross-sectionally, participants with higher comorbidity load (≥2 additional diagnoses, n = 34) showed increased amygdala activation to negative pictures compared with participants with lower comorbidity load (≤1 additional diagnosis, n = 44) and compared with participants free from psychopathology. In addition, high comorbid participants showed reduced LPPs to negative pictures compared with low comorbid participants. CONCLUSIONS Heightened amygdala in response to negative stimuli in combination with blunted LPPs could indicate overvaluation of threatening stimuli in the absence of elaborated processing that might otherwise help regulate threat responding. This brain profile could underlie the worsening and maintenance of internalizing psychopathology over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Kayla A Wilson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Objective and Subjective Sleep Measures Are Related to Suicidal Ideation and Are Transdiagnostic Features of Major Depressive Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020288. [PMID: 36831831 PMCID: PMC9953840 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem and previous studies in major depression and anxiety show problematic sleep is a risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI). However, less is known about sleep and SI in social anxiety disorder (SAD), despite the pervasiveness of SAD. Therefore, the current study comprised participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) (without comorbid SAD) (n = 26) and participants with SAD (without comorbid MDD) (n = 41). Wrist actigraphy was used to estimate sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency; sleep quality was evaluated with self-report. Self-report was also used to examine SI. These measures were submitted to independent t-tests and multiple regression analysis. t-test results revealed sleep and SI did not differ between MDD and SAD groups. Multiple regression results showed shorter sleep duration and worse sleep quality related to greater SI when taking symptom severity and age into account. Post-hoc partial correlational analysis showed these sleep-SI relationships remained significant after controlling for symptom severity and age. Preliminary findings indicate sleep and SI may be transdiagnostic features of MDD and SAD. Evidence of distinct sleep-SI relationships are consistent with previous reports showing that sleep difficulties contribute to SI. Altogether, improving sleep duration and sleep quality may reduce the risk of SI.
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Jones EE, Kreutzer KA, Manzler CA, Evans EG, Gorka SM. Type of Trauma Exposure Impacts Neural Reactivity to Errors. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kayla A. Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles A. Manzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily G. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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De la Rosa-Cáceres A, Lozano OM, Sanchez-Garcia M, Fernandez-Calderon F, Rossi G, Diaz-Batanero C. Assessing Internalizing Symptoms and Their Relation with Levels of Impairment: Evidence-Based Cutoffs for Interpreting Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) Scores. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2023; 45:170-180. [PMID: 36644288 PMCID: PMC9830132 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-10008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tests and scales measuring psychological disorders should provide information about how scores relate to other constructs such as quality of life or functional impairment. Such information is necessary to allow that their scores contribute to clinical decision making. The current study analyzes the clinical utility of the Spanish version of the Inventory for Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) to discriminate between different levels of functional impairment and identify the IDAS-II scales that contribute most to explaining impairment. The total sample (N = 1390) consists of two subsamples: a community sample of the general population (n = 1072) selected by random sampling; and a sample of patients (n = 318) from public and private mental health services. The Spanish IDAS-II for measuring internalizing symptoms and WHODAS 2.0 for measuring impairment were administered to all participants. All scales show statistically significant higher scores in the patient sample, with Cohen's d effect sizes values greater than 0.30, except for well-being (d = 0.19). The cutoff values and their confidence intervals do not overlap with the means of either the community or patient sample. AUC values for most of the scales are above .70, except for appetite gain, ordering, euphoria, cleaning, and well-being. Multiple linear regression model using IDAS-II scales explain 57.1% of the variance of the WHODAS 2.0 (F 12.1377 = 155.305; p < .001). Cutoff values provided allow us to reliably differentiate between the patients and community samples. Spanish IDAS-II scores show greater sensitivity and specificity in detecting those with greater impairment. General Depression, Lassitude, Panic and Claustrophobia contribute to impairment in a greater extent. Knowledge of which symptoms are most related with impairment, allows healthcare providers to improve treatment planning based on empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. De la Rosa-Cáceres
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - O. M. Lozano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - F. Fernandez-Calderon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - G. Rossi
- Personality and Psychopathology Research Group (PEPS), Department of Psychology (PE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Diaz-Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Vittengl JR, Jarrett RB, Ro E, Clark LA. How can the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders advance understanding of depression? J Affect Disord 2023; 320:254-262. [PMID: 36191644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DSM-5 introduced an alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) that includes personality dysfunction plus maladaptive-range traits. This study clarifies relations of depression diagnoses and symptoms with AMPD personality pathology. METHOD Two samples (Ns 402 and 601) of outpatients and community-dwelling adults completed four depression (criteria met for major depressive disorder and dysthymia; dysphoria and low well-being scales), ten trait (two scales for each of five domains-negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonism, psychoticism), and eight dysfunction (four scales for each of two domains-self- and interpersonal pathology) measures. Diagnoses were made using a semi-structured interview; other measures were self-reports. We quantified cross-sectional relations between depression and personality pathology with correlation and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Collectively (median R2; ps < 0.0001), the trait (0.46) and dysfunction (0.50) scales predicted the depression measures strongly, with most predictive power shared (0.41) between traits and dysfunction. However, trait and dysfunction scales altogether predicted depression (median R2 = 0.54) more strongly than either domain alone, ps < 0.0001. Participants with depression diagnoses showed elevations on all nonadaptive trait and personality dysfunction measures, particularly negative temperament/affectivity and self-pathology measures. LIMITATIONS Generalization of findings to other populations (e.g., adolescents), settings (e.g., primary care), and measures (e.g., traditional personality disorder diagnoses) is uncertain. Cross-sectional analyses did not test changes over time or establish causality. CONCLUSIONS The AMPD is highly relevant to depression. Assessment of personality pathology, including both personality dysfunction and maladaptive-range traits, stands to advance understanding of depression in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunyoe Ro
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA
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75
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Hawes MT, Olino TM, Klein DN. Do State and Trait Affect Measures Retain Their Measurement Properties during a Disaster? An Investigation of Measurement Invariance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:134-142. [PMID: 35319326 PMCID: PMC9500107 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists have begun to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotionality, though such investigations assume that the measurement properties of affect scales have not changed as a function of the pandemic. To our knowledge, no prior study has tested measurement invariance (MI) of an affect scale during a disaster, and very few studies have explored MI of scales administered through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The current study tested invariance of trait and state affect measures across homogenous groups of 18-year-olds assessed prior to and during the first acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Long Island, New York. Trait affect was measured with a single administration of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Youth Version. State affect was assessed with items developed for the EMA portion of this study, which were administered 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days using a smartphone application. A baseline correlated 2-factor (positive and negative affect) model was fit for both measures. Invariances tests established up to strict MI across pre-/COVID-19 groups for both affect measures. These findings suggest that valid comparisons of observed score means and variances can be made between groups assessed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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76
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Stanton K, Watts AL, Levin-Aspenson HF, Carpenter RW, Emery NN, Zimmerman M. Focusing Narrowly on Model Fit in Factor Analysis Can Mask Construct Heterogeneity and Model Misspecification: Applied Demonstrations across Sample and Assessment Types. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:1-13. [PMID: 35286224 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2047060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study builds upon research indicating that focusing narrowly on model fit when evaluating factor analytic models can lead to problematic inferences regarding the nature of item sets, as well as how models should be applied to inform measure development and validation. To advance research in this area, we present concrete examples relevant to researchers in clinical, personality, and related subfields highlighting two specific scenarios when an overreliance on model fit may be problematic. Specifically, we present data analytic examples showing that focusing narrowly on model fit may lead to (a) incorrect conclusions that heterogeneous item sets reflect narrower homogeneous constructs and (b) the retention of potentially problematic items when developing assessment measures. We use both interview data from adult outpatients (N = 2,149) and self-report data from adults recruited online (N = 547) to demonstrate the importance of these issues across sample types and assessment methods. Following demonstrations with these data, we make recommendations focusing on how other model characteristics (e.g., factor loading patterns; carefully considering the content and nature of factor indicators) should be considered in addition to information provided by model fit indices when evaluating factor analytic models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | - Ryan W Carpenter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Noah N Emery
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University
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Eadeh HM, Adamowicz JL, Markon K, Thomas EBK. Using network analysis to examine connections between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) processes, internalizing symptoms, and well-being in a sample of undergraduates. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:701-709. [PMID: 36209776 PMCID: PMC9675720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been shown to be effective in treating internalizing symptoms. Understanding which ACT processes are most closely linked to certain symptoms may help develop targeted treatments. Network analysis an approach to gain insight into the interconnection between processes and the downstream benefits of targeting a particular process. However, limited work to date has explored networks involving ACT processes specifically. METHODS Undergraduate students (N = 447; 76.5 % female; 89.5 % White/Non-Hispanic) completed online questionnaires. The ACT processes assessed included experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), openness, awareness, and engagement (CompACT), and tacting ability (TOF), and internalizing symptoms/well-being (IDAS-II). Zero-order and partial correlation networks were examined as well as resulting communities. RESULTS In the association network, dysphoria and experiential avoidance, and suicidality (in the concentration network only) were central nodes. In community analyses, experiential avoidance had the strongest influence in the association network, whereas well-being had the strongest influence in the concentration network. Auto-detected communities were also evaluated. LIMITATIONS The present study was cross-sectional and included a largely White, female, undergraduate sample. This limits generalizability to more diverse, clinical, or general community populations. Potential concerns about data are also noted including low reliability on the TOF and two skewed domains on the IDAS-II which may impact stability of centrality metrics. CONCLUSIONS Well-being, dysphoria, and suicidality may be important process-based treatment targets. Further work is needed with diverse samples and using longitudinal designs to examine within person change of the associations between ACT processes and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana-May Eadeh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jenna L Adamowicz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Kristian Markon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, IA, USA.
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78
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Rosmarin DH, Kaufman CC, Ford SF, Keshava P, Drury M, Minns S, Marmarosh C, Chowdhury A, Sacchet MD. The neuroscience of spirituality, religion, and mental health: A systematic review and synthesis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:100-113. [PMID: 36244198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior research highlights the importance of spirituality/religion (S/R) as it relates to several aspects of mental health and clinical interventions. This research has been expanded to include the concurrent examination of neurobiological correlates of S/R to elucidate potential biological mechanisms. However, the majority of neurobiological research on S/R has neglected mental health, and the relationship across all three of these domains (S/R, mental health, and neurobiology) remains unclear. This study systematically reviewed research concurrently examining S/R, mental health, and neurobiology, and rated the methodological quality of included studies. Eighteen identified studies were then included in an integrated literature review and discussion, regarding the neurobiological correlates of S/R as it pertains to depression, anxiety, alcohol/substance misuse, and psychosis. The majority of studies demonstrated moderate to high methodological quality. Findings highlight the need for additional studies in this area as well as research that includes validated assessment of S/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Rosmarin
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Caroline C Kaufman
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Friree Ford
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Poorvi Keshava
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia Drury
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sean Minns
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Cheri Marmarosh
- Spirituality & Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Divine Mercy University, USA
| | - Avijit Chowdhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety during the postpartum period moderate infants' neural response to emotional faces of their mother and of female strangers. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1370-1389. [PMID: 35799031 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Affective exchanges between mothers and infants are key to the intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety, possibly via adaptations in neural systems that support infants' attention to facial affect. The current study examined associations between postnatal maternal symptoms of depression, panic and social anxiety, maternal parenting behaviours, and infants' neural responses to emotional facial expressions portrayed by their mother and by female strangers. The Negative Central (Nc), an event-related potential component that indexes attention to salient stimuli and is sensitive to emotional expression, was recorded from 30 infants. Maternal sensitivity, intrusiveness, and warmth, as well as infant's positive engagement with their mothers, were coded from unstructured interactions. Mothers reporting higher levels of postnatal depression symptoms were rated by coders as less sensitive and warm, and their infants exhibited decreased positive engagement with the mothers. In contrast, postnatal maternal symptoms of panic and social anxiety were not significantly associated with experimenter-rated parenting behaviours. Additionally, infants of mothers reporting greater postnatal depression symptoms showed a smaller Nc to their own mother's facial expressions, whereas infants of mothers endorsing greater postnatal symptoms of panic demonstrated a larger Nc to fearful facial expressions posed by both their mother and female strangers. Together, these results suggest that maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety during the postpartum period have distinct effects on infants' neural responses to parent and stranger displays of emotion.
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Granros M, MacNamara A, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Burkhouse KL. Neural reactivity to affective stimuli and internalizing symptom dimensions in a transdiagnostic patient sample. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:770-779. [PMID: 35848494 PMCID: PMC9729372 DOI: 10.1002/da.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) are highly comorbid and exhibit substantial overlap, such as aberrant affective reactivity. Neural reactivity to emotional images, measured via the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component, has been utilized to index affective reactivity in IPs. The LPP is often examined in isolation with a specific disorder, ignoring overlap between IPs. The current study examined how transdiagnostic IP symptom dimensions relate to neural affective reactivity in a highly comorbid patient sample. METHODS Participants (N = 99) completed a battery of IP symptom assessments as well as a target categorization task while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images during electroencephalography recording. ERPs to each image valence were averaged from 400 to 1000 ms following picture onset at pooled centroparietal and occipital electrodes to calculate the LPP. A principal components analysis performed on the IP symptom measures resulted in two factors: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Fear-based anxiety was associated with enhanced LPP reactivity to unpleasant, but not pleasant, images. Distress/misery was related to attenuated average LPP reactivity across images. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed a dissociable effect of IP symptom factors in a transdiagnostic sample such that enhanced reactivity to negative images was specific to enhanced fear-based anxiety symptoms while distress/misery symptoms predicted blunted affective reactivity. Neural affective reactivity may serve as an objective biological marker to elucidate the nature of psychological concerns in individuals with comorbid IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Granros
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L. Burkhouse
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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81
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Geyer RB, Magee JC, Clerkin EM. Anxiety sensitivity and panic symptoms: the moderating influence of distress tolerance. ANXIETY, STRESS, & COPING 2022:1-18. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2146102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise M. Clerkin
- Student Health and Wellness, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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82
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Perez TM, Glue P, Adhia DB, Navid MS, Zeng J, Dillingham P, Smith M, Niazi IK, Young CK, De Ridder D. Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders. Trials 2022; 23:949. [PMID: 36397122 PMCID: PMC9670077 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core intrinsic connectivity networks (core-ICNs), encompassing the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN), have been shown to be dysfunctional in individuals with internalizing disorders (IDs, e.g. major depressive disorder, MDD; generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; social anxiety disorder, SOC). As such, source-localized, closed-loop brain training of electrophysiological signals, also known as standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) neurofeedback (NFB), targeting key cortical nodes within these networks has the potential to reduce symptoms associated with IDs and restore normal core ICN function. We intend to conduct a randomized, double-blind (participant and assessor), sham-controlled, parallel-group (3-arm) trial of sLORETA infraslow (<0.1 Hz) fluctuation neurofeedback (sLORETA ISF-NFB) 3 times per week over 4 weeks in participants (n=60) with IDs. Our primary objectives will be to examine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and neurophysiological measures to (1) compare the potential effects of sham ISF-NFB to either genuine 1-region ISF-NFB or genuine 2-region ISF-NFB, and (2) assess for potential associations between changes in PRO scores and modifications of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity/connectivity within/between the trained regions of interest (ROIs). As part of an exploratory analysis, we will investigate the effects of additional training sessions and the potential for the potentiation of the effects over time. METHODS We will randomly assign participants who meet the criteria for MDD, GAD, and/or SOC per the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5) to one of three groups: (1) 12 sessions of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) ISF-NFB up-training (n=15), (2) 12 sessions of concurrent PCC ISF up-training and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) ISF-NFB down-training (n=15), or (3) 6 sessions of yoked-sham training followed by 6 sessions genuine ISF-NFB (n=30). Transdiagnostic PROs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS; Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms - Second Version, IDAS-II; Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory, MEDI; Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Form, IUS-12; Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire, RTQ-10) as well as resting-state neurophysiological measures (full-band EEG and ECG) will be collected from all subjects during two baseline sessions (approximately 1 week apart) then at post 6 sessions, post 12 sessions, and follow-up (1 month later). We will employ Bayesian methods in R and advanced source-localisation software (i.e. exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography; eLORETA) in our analysis. DISCUSSION This protocol will outline the rationale and research methodology for a clinical pilot trial of sLORETA ISF-NFB targeting key nodes within the core-ICNs in a female ID population with the primary aims being to assess its potential efficacy via transdiagnostic PROs and relevant neurophysiological measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION Our study was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR; Trial ID: ACTRN12619001428156). Registered on October 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson M Perez
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Paul Glue
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Divya B Adhia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad S Navid
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radbout University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxu Zeng
- Department of Preventative & Social Medicine, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Dillingham
- Coastal People Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark Smith
- Neurofeedback Therapy Services of New York, New York, USA
| | - Imran K Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Calvin K Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hasratian AM, Meuret AE, Chmielewski M, Ritz T. An Examination of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems Domain Constructs and the Self-Reports Unit of Analysis. Behav Ther 2022; 53:1092-1108. [PMID: 36229109 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In response to shortcomings with the current diagnostic classification system for mental health disorders, such as poor validity and reliability of categorical diagnoses, the National Institute of Mental Health proposed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to move towards a dimensional approach using translational research. The current study examined associations between measures of behaviors, cognitions, and mental health symptoms and how they overlap in the Negative Valence Systems (NVS) domain. Specifically, we examined how the Self-Reports unit of analysis reflects the RDoC NVS constructs of acute threat, potential threat, sustained threat, frustrative nonreward, and loss. The overall goal was to identify additional self-report measures that reflect these constructs. Participants, two student samples and two community samples (total N = 1,509), completed online self-reported measures. Questionnaire total and subscale scores were submitted to a principal-axis factor analysis with Promax rotation separately for each sample. For both student samples and one community sample six-factor solutions emerged reflecting major aspects of the RDoC NVS and positive valence systems, particularly acute threat (i.e., fear/panic), potential threat (i.e., inhibition/worry), sustained threat (i.e., chronic stress), loss (i.e., low well-being), frustrative nonreward (i.e., reactive aggression), and reduced behavioral activation. The second community sample differed in that fear/panic and frustration/anger was combined in a general distress factor. Recommendations for additional NVS self-report markers are discussed.
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Forbush KT, Richson BN, Swanson TJ, Thomeczek ML, Negi S, Johnson SN, Chapa DAN, Morgan RW, O'Brien CJ, Gould SR, Christensen KA, Chen Y. Screening for eating disorders across genders in college students: Initial validation of the brief assessment of stress and eating. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1553-1564. [PMID: 36135594 PMCID: PMC10044497 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given that eating disorders (EDs) are relatively common in college populations, it is important to have reliable and valid tools to identify students so that they can be referred to evidence-based care. Although research supports the psychometric properties of existing ED screens for identifying cases of EDs, most studies have been conducted in samples of young white-majority women or have not reported the psychometric properties of the screening tool in men. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to validate a brief, 10-item screening tool for the identification of EDs-the brief assessment of stress and eating (BASE). METHOD Participants were college students (N = 596; 68.2% cisgender women) from a large Midwestern university who completed the BASE and SCOFF. The Eating Disorders Diagnostic Survey was used to generate DSM-5 ED diagnoses. We evaluated area under the curve (AUC) for both receiver operating curves (ROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC). RESULTS Both the BASE and SCOFF performed significantly better than chance at identifying probable EDs in cisgender women (BASE AUC: ROC = .787, PRC = .633, sensitivity = .733, specificity = .697; SCOFF AUC: ROC = .810, PRC = .684, sensitivity = .793, specificity = .701). However, the BASE (AUC: ROC = .821, PRC = .605, sensitivity = .966, specificity = .495) significantly outperformed the SCOFF (AUC: ROC = .710, PRC = .354, sensitivity = .828, specificity = .514) for identifying probable EDs in cisgender college men. DISCUSSION The BASE is appropriate for student healthcare and college research settings. Because the BASE outperforms the SCOFF in college men, results from the current study are expected to contribute to improved identification of EDs on college campuses. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The BASE is a new screening tool to identify eating disorders. The BASE performed as well as, if not better than, the SCOFF (particularly in men). Given the need for brief, psychometrically strong, and unbiased ED screening tools in college students, the current study helps address an unmet student healthcare need that we expect will contribute to improved identification of EDs on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Brianne N Richson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Trevor J Swanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Sonakshi Negi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sarah N Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - R William Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Colin J O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sara R Gould
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kara Alise Christensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Las Vegas Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Hoppe JM, Vegelius J, Gingnell M, Björkstrand J, Frick A. Internet-delivered approach-avoidance conflict task shows temporal stability and relation to trait anxiety. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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86
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Watson D, Clark LA, Simms LJ, Kotov R. Classification and assessment of fear and anxiety in personality and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104878. [PMID: 36116575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examine fear and anxiety in the context of structural models of personality (the five-factor model, or FFM) and psychopathology (the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, or HiTOP); we also highlight important issues related to their assessment. Anxiety is a sustained, future-oriented response to potential threat. Trait measures of anxiety represent a core facet within the broader domain of neuroticism in the FFM. Anxiety-related symptoms are indicators of the distress subfactor within the internalizing spectrum in HiTOP. In contrast, fear is a brief, present-focused response to an acute threat. We distinguish between two ways of assessing individual differences in fear. The first type assesses phobic responses to specific stimuli. Phobia measures are moderately correlated with measures of neuroticism in the FFM and define the fear subfactor of internalizing in HiTOP. The second type assesses individual differences in harm avoidance versus risk taking. Measures of risk taking (i.e., low fear) are moderately related to disinhibition/low conscientiousness and antagonism/low agreeableness in the FFM and are indicators of the externalizing superspectrum in HiTOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, United States.
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, United States
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, United States
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
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Monni A, Collison KL, Hill KE, Oumeziane BA, Foti D. The novel frontal alpha asymmetry factor and its association with depression, anxiety, and personality traits. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14109. [PMID: 35616309 PMCID: PMC9532346 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is widely examined in EEG research, yet a procedural consensus on its assessment is lacking. In this study, we tested a latent factorial approach to measure FAA. We assessed resting-state FAA at broad, low, and high alpha bands (8-13; 8-10.5; and 11-13 Hz) using mastoids as reference electrodes and Current Source Density (CSD) transformation (N = 139 non-clinical participants). From mastoid-referenced data, we extracted a frontal alpha asymmetry factor (FAAf) and a parietal factor (PAAf) subjecting all asymmetry indices to a varimax-rotated, principal component analysis. We explored split-half reliability and discriminant validity of the mastoid factors and the mastoid and CSD raw asymmetry indices (F3/4, F7/8, P3/4, and P7/8). Both factor and raw scores reached an excellent split-half reliability (>.99), but only the FAAf reached the maximum discriminant validity from parietal scores. Next, we explored the correlations of latent factor and raw FAA scores with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and personality traits to determine which associations were driven by FAA after variance from parietal activity was removed. After correcting for false discovery rate, only FAAf at the low alpha band was negatively associated with depression symptoms (a latent CES-D factor) and significantly diverged from PAAf's association with depression symptoms. With respect to personality traits, only CSD-transformed F7/8 was positively correlated with Conscientiousness and significantly diverged from the correlations between Conscientiousness and P3/4 and P7/8. Overall, the latent factor approach shows promise for isolating functionally distinct resting-state EEG signatures, although further research is needed to examine construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Belel Ait Oumeziane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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88
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Wood DS, Esplin CR, Hatch SG, Dodini D, Braithwaite SR, Ogles BM. Predicting readiness to change among pornography consumers. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - S. Gabe Hatch
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - David Dodini
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M. Ogles
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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89
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Funkhouser CJ, Katz AC, Meissel EEE, Stevens ES, Weinberg A, Nabb CB, Shankman SA. Associations Between Repetitive Negative Thinking and Habituation of Defensive Responding Within and Between Sessions. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:616-627. [PMID: 36385910 PMCID: PMC9537406 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing psychopathology, and theoretical models suggest that RNT may maintain symptoms by interfering with psychophysiological habituation. The present study therefore examined associations between RNT and habituation within and between study sessions. Community members (N=86) completed a habituation task involving exposure to acoustic probes at up to five sessions spaced 7 days apart on average. Eyeblink startle response was measured using the electromyography startle magnitude. Self-reported anxiety was assessed before and after the habituation task at each session. Multilevel growth curve modeling indicated that RNT was associated with a higher "floor" (i.e., asymptote) of startle responding as evidenced by reduced within-session startle habituation at later sessions. Results suggest that RNT may disrupt startle habituation and are consistent with theoretical models proposing that RNT sustains physiological activation to support avoidance of negative emotional contrasts or perceived future threats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00121-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J. Funkhouser
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Andrea C. Katz
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
| | - Emily E. E. Meissel
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA 92120 USA
| | | | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1 Canada
| | - Carver B. Nabb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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90
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Miller ML, Roche AI, Lemon E, O'Hara MW. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder symptoms in the perinatal period: prevalence and associations with postpartum functioning. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:771-780. [PMID: 35614279 PMCID: PMC11131363 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms are more likely to develop or be exacerbated during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which can cause significant distress and impairment. However, the disorders grouped with OCD in the DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD; e.g., hoarding disorder (HD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (TTM), excoriation disorder (ED)), have rarely been examined in the perinatal period. This study aimed to explore (1) the prevalence of all clinically significant OCRD symptoms in pregnancy and the postpartum period and (2) the correlations between OCRD psychopathology and postpartum functioning. Participants were recruited during their second trimester of pregnancy from a Midwestern medical center. Participants completed an online questionnaire and a semi-structured clinical interview during pregnancy (28-32 weeks' gestation, N = 276) and the postpartum period (6-8 weeks, N = 221). BDD and OCD symptoms were the most prevalent. In pregnancy, 14.9% (N = 41) of participants endorsed clinically significant BDD symptoms and 6.2% (N = 17) endorsed clinically significant OCD symptoms. In the postpartum period, 11.8% (N = 26) endorsed clinically significant BDD symptoms and 14% (N = 31) endorsed clinically significant OCD symptoms. Poorer postpartum functioning was associated with elevated OCRD symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum. OCRD symptoms occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period at rates similar or higher than other life periods. Elevated OCRD symptoms are associated with poorer postpartum functioning across domains. Future research should explore how all OCRD symptoms may affect functioning in the perinatal period, not only OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Miller
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine/IU Health Physicians, Goodman Hall/IU Health Neuroscience Center, Suite 2800, 355 W. 16th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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91
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Cooper SE, van Dis EAM, Hagenaars MA, Krypotos AM, Nemeroff CB, Lissek S, Engelhard IM, Dunsmoor JE. A meta-analysis of conditioned fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1652-1661. [PMID: 35501429 PMCID: PMC9283469 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Generalization of conditioned fear is adaptive in some situations but maladaptive when fear excessively generalizes to innocuous stimuli with incidental resemblance to a genuine threat cue. Recently, empirical interest in fear generalization as a transdiagnostic explanatory mechanism underlying anxiety-related disorders has accelerated. As there are now several studies of fear generalization across multiple types of anxiety-related disorders, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting behavioral measures (subjective ratings and psychophysiological indices) of fear generalization in anxiety-related disorder vs. comparison groups. We conducted systematic searches of electronic databases (conducted from January-October 2020) for fear generalization studies involving anxiety-related disorder groups or subclinical analog groups. A total of 300 records were full-text screened and two unpublished datasets were obtained, yielding 16 studies reporting behavioral fear generalization measures. Random-effects meta-analytic models and meta-regressions were applied to the identified data. Fear generalization was significantly heightened in anxiety-related disorder participants (N = 439) relative to comparison participants (N = 428). We did not identify any significant clinical, sample, or methodological moderators. Heightened fear generalization is quantitatively supported as distinguishing anxiety-related disorder groups from comparison groups. Evidence suggests this effect is transdiagnostic, relatively robust to experimental or sample parameters, and that generalization paradigms are a well-supported framework for neurobehavioral investigations of learning and emotion in anxiety-related disorders. We discuss these findings in the context of prior fear conditioning meta-analyses, past neuroimaging investigations of fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders, and future directions and challenges for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Eva A M van Dis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Hagenaars
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iris M Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph E Dunsmoor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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92
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Letkiewicz AM, Cochran AL, Mittal VA, Walther S, Shankman SA. Reward-based reinforcement learning is altered among individuals with a history of major depressive disorder and psychomotor retardation symptoms. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:175-181. [PMID: 35738160 PMCID: PMC10185002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reward-based reinforcement learning impairments are common in major depressive disorder, but it is unclear which aspects of reward-based reinforcement learning are disrupted in remitted major depression (rMDD). Given that the neurobiological substrates that implement reward-based RL are also strongly implicated in psychomotor retardation (PmR), the present study sought to test whether reward-based reinforcement learning is altered in rMDD individuals with a history of PmR. Three groups of individuals (1) rMDD with past PmR (PmR+, N = 34), (2) rMDD without past PmR (PmR-, N = 44), and (3) healthy controls (N = 90) completed a reward-based reinforcement learning task. Computational modeling was applied to test for group differences in model-derived parameters - specifically, learning rates and reward sensitivity. Compared to controls, rMDD PmR + exhibited lower learning rates, but not reduced reward sensitivity. By contrast, rMDD PmR- did not significantly differ from controls on either of the model-derived parameters. Follow-up analyses indicated that the results were not due to current psychopathology symptoms. Results indicate that a history of PmR predicts altered reward-based reinforcement learning in rMDD. Abnormal reward-related reinforcement learning may reflect a scar of past depressive episodes that contained psychomotor symptoms, or a trait-like deficit that preceded these episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Letkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Amy L Cochran
- Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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93
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Waszczuk MA, Hopwood CJ, Luft BJ, Morey LC, Perlman G, Ruggero CJ, Skodol AE, Kotov R. The prognostic utility of personality traits versus past psychiatric diagnoses: Predicting future mental health and functioning. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:734-751. [PMID: 35967764 PMCID: PMC9366938 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211056596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Past psychiatric diagnoses are central to patient case formulation and prognosis. Recently, alternative classification models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) proposed to assess traits to predict clinically-relevant outcomes. The current study directly compared personality traits and past diagnoses as predictors of future mental health and functioning in three independent, prospective samples. Regression analyses found that personality traits significantly predicted future first onsets of psychiatric disorders (ΔR2=06-.15), symptom chronicity (ΔR2=.03-.06), and functioning (ΔR2=.02-.07), beyond past and current psychiatric diagnoses. Conversely, past psychiatric diagnoses did not provide an incremental prediction of outcomes when personality traits and other concurrent predictors were already included in the model. Overall, personality traits predicted a variety of outcomes in diverse settings, beyond diagnoses. Past diagnoses were generally not informative about future outcomes when personality was considered. Together, these findings support the added value of personality traits assessment in case formulation, consistent with HiTOP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | | | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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94
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Wilson S, Benning SD, Racine SE. Examining relationships among thin-ideal internalization, eating pathology, and motivational reactions to high- and low-calorie food. Appetite 2022; 178:106258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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95
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Vittengl JR, Clark LA, Thase ME, Jarrett RB. Does Symptom Linkage Density Predict Outcomes in Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022; 44:469-480. [PMID: 35937855 PMCID: PMC9354858 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute-phase cognitive therapy (CT) is an efficacious treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but how CT helps patients is incompletely understood. As a potential means to clarify CT mechanisms, we defined "symptom linkage density" (SLD) as a patient's mean time-lagged correlation among nine depressive symptoms across 13 weekly assessments. We hypothesized that patients with higher SLD during CT have better outcomes (treatment response, and fewer symptoms after response), and we explored whether SLD correlated with other possible CT processes (growth in social adjustment and CT skills). Method Data were drawn from two clinical trials of CT for adult outpatients with recurrent MDD (primary sample n = 475, replication sample n = 146). In both samples, patients and clinicians completed measures of depressive symptoms and social adjustment repeatedly during CT. In the primary sample, patients and cognitive therapists rated patients' CT skills. After CT, responders were assessed for 32 (primary sample) or 24 (replication sample) additional months to measure long-term depression outcomes. Results Higher SLD predicted increases in social adjustment (both samples) and CT skills (primary sample) during CT, CT response (both samples), and lower MDD severity for at least 2 years after CT response (both samples). Analyses controlled patient-level symptom means and variability to estimate SLD's incremental predictive validity. Conclusions These novel findings from two independent samples with longitudinal follow-up require further replication and extension. SLD may reflect or facilitate generalization of CT skills, improvement in social functioning, or other processes responsible for CT's shorter and longer term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Vittengl
- Department of Psychology, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael E. Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robin B. Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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96
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Robinson A, Stasik-O'Brien SM, Schneider J, Calamia M. Examination of the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism, harm avoidance and incompleteness in college students. J Cogn Psychother 2022; 37:JCP-2021-0021.R1. [PMID: 35577515 DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between perfectionism, OCD symptom dimensions, harm avoidance, and incompleteness at varying levels (i.e., higher-order/subscale) in college students. College students (n = 548) completed measures of perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, harm avoidance and incompleteness. The results revealed that all five higher-order dimensions of perfectionism were related to incompleteness but only three were related to harm avoidance. Parallel mediation revealed an indirect relationship between concern for mistakes and doubts about actions and checking and cleaning behaviors, respectively, through incompleteness. An indirect relationship between concern for mistakes and doubts about actions with ordering, respectively, through both incompleteness and harm avoidance was found. However, incompleteness played a stronger role than harm avoidance in this relationship. These results suggest that incompleteness might be a stronger motivator than harm avoidance for perfectionistic individuals. Therefore, interventions targeting incompleteness should be implemented to potentially circumvent the development or worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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97
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Esplin CR, Hatch SG, Ogles BM, Wood D, Rasmussen BD, Braithwaite SR. What is Normal Pornography Use in a Highly Religious Area? Exploring Patterns of Pornography Use in Utah. J Sex Med 2022; 19:823-833. [PMID: 35341725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pornography has become mainstream in society, including in the state of Utah, which is a highly religious, conservative state. AIM The purpose of this study is to gather basic descriptive norms for pornography use in the state of Utah (given its unique religious profile), establish clinical cutoffs based on frequency and duration of pornography consumption, and begin to establish a clinical picture of problematic pornography use in a regionally representative sample. METHODS We recruited a representative sample of 892 Utahns via CloudResearch.com. Participants completed the following measures: Consumption of Pornography - General (COPS); Problematic Pornography Use Scale; Clear Lake Addiction to Pornography Scale; The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (Second Version). OUTCOME Documentation of pornography use norms among Utahns. RESULTS In our sample, 79% reported viewing pornography in their lifetime (85% of men, 75% of women). The most common frequency of pornography viewing was weekly or monthly among men, and monthly or every 6 months among women, which is comparable to national averages. Men and women showed significantly different pornography use frequencies. We demonstrate a relationship between higher levels of pornography use and higher perceived levels of pornography use as a problem or "addiction" and depression scores and explore the typical demographics of our highest pornography users. CLINICAL TRANSLATION This study will aid clinicians in using the COPS to derive normal pornography use compared to above average pornography use among pornography users from a religious background, especially for clinicians who seek to provide normative data to clients presenting with problematic pornography use like in motivational interviewing interventions. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Strengths include our measures generally demonstrated strong validity, we provide the beginnings of sound clinical implementation of the COPS for benchmarking pornography use in a clinical setting in Utah, and that our sample was representative of the state of Utah according to current census data. Limitations include those commonly seen in survey-based data collection methods, and that findings from our unique Utah sample may not be as relevant among other religious or cultural samples. CONCLUSION Our findings provide an updated picture of pornography use in the state of Utah and suggest that even those high in religiosity continue to use pornography. Our results can provide a spectrum of pornography use, aiding a pornography user in treatment to be able to compare his or her use to this norm. Esplin CR, Hatch SG, Ogles BM, et al. What is Normal Pornography Use in a Highly Religious Area? Exploring Patterns of Pornography Use in Utah. J Sex Med 2022;19:823-833.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Gabe Hatch
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Forida, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ogles
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David Wood
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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98
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Khoo S, Stasik-O'Brien SM, Ellickson-Larew S, Stanton K, Clark LA, Watson D. The Predictive Validity of Consensual and Unique Facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness in Five Personality Inventories. Assessment 2022; 30:1182-1199. [PMID: 35450454 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221089037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Consensual facet structures help to unify a highly fractured personality literature, but mask information obtained from unique personality facets assessed by individual personality inventories. The current study identifies the consensual and unique facets of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness based on analyses of five widely used personality inventories (Disinhibition Inventory-I [DIS-I], Faceted Inventory for the Five-Factor model [FI-FFM], HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised [HEXACO-PI-R], NEO Personality Inventory-3 [NEO-PI-3], and Temperament and Affectivity Inventory [TAI]) in a community sample (N = 440). Factor analyses revealed that neuroticism consisted of three consensual facets (distress/depression, anger, and sentimental anxiety) and four unique facets (shyness, regret/self-doubt, lassitude, and distractibility); conscientiousness consisted solely of four consensual facets (achievement striving, order, attentiveness, and responsibility); and agreeableness consisted solely of four consensual facets (prosociality, anger, venturesomeness, and trust). Regression analyses indicated that unique neuroticism facets predicted significant incremental variance across a range of psychological disorders. These results have significant implications for how neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness should be modeled at the lower order level in psychopathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kasey Stanton
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
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99
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Thomas PJ, Leow A, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Ajilore O. Network Diffusion Embedding Reveals Transdiagnostic Subnetwork Disruption and Potential Treatment Targets in Internalizing Psychopathologies. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:1823-1839. [PMID: 34521109 PMCID: PMC9070362 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Network diffusion models are a common and powerful way to study the propagation of information through a complex system and they offer straightforward approaches for studying multimodal brain network data. We developed an analytic framework to identify brain subnetworks with perturbed information diffusion capacity using the structural basis that best maps to resting state functional connectivity and applied it towards a heterogeneous dataset of internalizing psychopathologies (IPs), a set of psychiatric conditions in which similar brain network deficits are found across the swath of the disorders, but a unifying neuropathological substrate for transdiagnostic symptom expression is currently unknown. This research provides preliminary evidence of a transdiagnostic brain subnetwork deficit characterized by information diffusion impairment of the right area 8BM, a key brain region involved in organizing a broad spectrum of cognitive tasks, which may underlie previously reported dysfunction of multiple brain circuits in the IPs. We also demonstrate that models of neuromodulation involving targeting this brain region normalize IP diffusion dynamics towards those of healthy controls. These analyses provide a framework for multimodal methods that identify both brain subnetworks with disrupted information diffusion and potential targets of these subnetworks for therapeutic neuromodulatory intervention based on previously well-characterized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alex Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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100
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Andrzejewski T, DeLucia EA, Semones O, Khan S, McDonnell CG. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Autistic Children and Their Caregivers: Examining Intergenerational Continuity. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05551-w. [PMID: 35412212 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although there is an urgent need to develop trauma-informed services for autistic youth, little research has evaluated adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in autistic youth from an intergenerational perspective. 242 caregivers of autistic (n = 117) and non-autistic (n = 125) youth reported on ACEs that they experienced in their own childhoods and ACEs experienced by their children, as well as measures of depression, stress, and child autistic traits and behavioral concerns. Autistic youth and their caregivers both experienced significantly higher rates of ACEs than the non-autistic dyads. Intergenerational continuity, the association between caregiver and child ACEs, was significantly stronger for autistic youth. ACEs showed differential patterns of associations with parent depressive symptoms and child autistic traits across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Andrzejewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A DeLucia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Olivia Semones
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sanaa Khan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christina G McDonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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