51
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Zheng M, Sun H, Tian Z. Natural killer cells in liver diseases. Front Med 2018; 12:269-279. [PMID: 29675689 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been characterized as a frontline lymphoid organ with complex immunological features such as liver immunity and liver tolerance. Liver tolerance plays an important role in liver diseases including acute inflammation, chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and tumors. The liver contains a large proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit heterogeneity in phenotypic and functional characteristics. NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infected cells, depends on the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory signals. In addition to the innate direct "killer" functions, NK cell activity contributes to regulate innate and adaptive immunity (helper or regulator). Under the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immune responses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance. Here, we focus on the relationship between NK cell biology, such as their phenotypic features and functional diversity, and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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52
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Guillerey C, Smyth MJ. Cancer Immunosurveillance by Natural Killer Cells and Other Innate Lymphoid Cells. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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53
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Characteristics of NK cells from leukemic microenvironment in MLL-AF9 induced acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Immunol 2017; 93:68-78. [PMID: 29154208 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are indispensable components of tissue microenvironment and play vital in both innate and adaptive immunity. The activation and function of NK cells are affected by tumor microenvironments. NK cells are also important players in leukemic microenvironment. However, their characteristics in leukemic microenvironment, including maturation status, phenotype, subpopulations and functional roles especially immunoregulatory potential, have not been well established. Here, we studied these characteristics of NK cells in MLL-AF9 induced mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model. Increase of more mature NK cells were detected in the AML spleen. Splenic AML microenvironment promoted NK cell activation in early and middle stages of leukemia. Cytotoxicity molecules and cytokines were up-regulated in activated NK cells. Furthermore, NK cells from AML microenvironment regulated T cell function, not only by maintaining the activation of CD4+ and promoting the degranulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells but also by influencing the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, two NK cell subpopulations marked by DNAM-1 (CD226) had distinct cytokine expression patterns but similar regulatory effects on T cells. Collectively, these findings highlight the significance of immunoregulatory role of NK cells, and suggest novel therapeutic potential for leukemia by manipulating NK cell immunoregulatory activity.
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54
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Liu Y, Zheng J, Liu Y, Wen L, Huang L, Xiang Z, Lam KT, Lv A, Mao H, Lau YL, Tu W. Uncompromised NK cell activation is essential for virus-specific CTL activity during acute influenza virus infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:827-837. [PMID: 28413216 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are indispensable components of both the innate and adaptive immune response. However, their precise roles in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity during influenza virus infection remain controversial. By comparing NK cell dynamics and activity under a sub-lethal dose and high dose of influenza virus infection, we showed that influenza virus PR8 directly infected NK cells during natural infection, which was consistent with our previous findings obtained from an in vitro investigation of human NK cells. The impairments in cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production by spleen NK cells following high-dose infection were accompanied by decreased virus-specific killing mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Importantly, the weakened CTL activity could be reversed by adoptive transfer of spleen NK cells harvested from low-dose-infected mice but not healthy donors. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence supporting the contribution of NK cells to antiviral T-cell responses. This study also indicates that a novel NK-targeted immune evasion strategy is used by influenza virus to shrink both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Radiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, 30912, USA, GA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, 30912, USA, GA
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Tai Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aizhen Lv
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huawei Mao
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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55
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Lam VC, Lanier LL. NK cells in host responses to viral infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 44:43-51. [PMID: 27984782 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that play an important role in viral clearance. NK cell responses to viral infections were originally believed to be non-specific and lacked immune memory recall responses. It is now appreciated that NK cell responses to viral infections can be specific and in some cases memory recall responses are established. Increasing evidence also illuminates the complexity of NK cell interactions with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we summarize the evidence for NK cell-specific memory responses to viral infections and the intricate reciprocal interactions between NK cells and other immune cells that dictate their activation and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola C Lam
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, United States.
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56
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Abou-Alfa GK, Puig O, Daniele B, Kudo M, Merle P, Park JW, Ross P, Peron JM, Ebert O, Chan S, Poon TP, Colombo M, Okusaka T, Ryoo BY, Minguez B, Tanaka T, Ohtomo T, Ukrainskyj S, Boisserie F, Rutman O, Chen YC, Xu C, Shochat E, Jukofsky L, Reis B, Chen G, Di Laurenzio L, Lee R, Yen CJ. Randomized phase II placebo controlled study of codrituzumab in previously treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2016; 65:289-95. [PMID: 27085251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Codrituzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against Glypican-3 (GPC3) that is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), interacts with CD16/FcγRIIIa and triggers antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Codrituzumab was studied vs. placebo in a randomized phase II trial in advanced HCC patients who had failed prior systemic therapy. METHODS Patients with advanced HCC who had failed prior systemic therapy, ⩾18years, Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) 0-1, Child-Pugh A were randomized 2:1 to biweekly codrituzumab 1600mg vs. placebo. Patients were stratified based on GPC3 immunohistochemical expression: 2+/3+, 1+, and 0. Primary endpoint was progression free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and an exploratory endpoint in biomarkers analysis. RESULTS 185 patients were enrolled: 125 received codrituzumab and 60 placebo: Median age 64/63, 85/75% male, 46/42% Asian, ECOG 0 65/63%, 74/77% having vascular invasion and/or extra-hepatic metastasis. 84%/70% had prior sorafenib. Drug exposure was 98.4% of planned dose, with an identical adverse events profile between the 2 groups. The median progression free survival and overall survival in the codrituzumab vs. placebo groups in months were: 2.6 vs. 1.5 (hazard ratios 0.97, p=0.87), and 8.7 vs. 10 (hazard ratios 0.96, p=0.82). Projected Ctrough at cycle 3day 1 based exposure, high CD16/FcγRIIIa on peripheral immune cells, and GPC3 expression in the tumor, were all associated with prolonged progression free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Codrituzumab did not show clinical benefit in this previously treated HCC population. Whether higher codrituzumab drug exposure or the use of CD16 and GPC3 as potential biomarkers would improve outcome remain unanswered questions. LAY SUMMARY Codrituzumab is a manufactured antibody against a liver cancer protein called glypican-3. In this clinical trial, codrituzumab was not found be effective against liver cancer. It was suggested though that a higher dose of codrituzumab or selecting patients with high level of glypican-3 or its mediator CD16 might improve outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01507168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Oscar Puig
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | | | | | - Philippe Merle
- Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hepatologie et Gastroenterologie, Lyon, France
| | | | - Paul Ross
- King's College Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Rutman
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Eliezer Shochat
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland
| | - Lori Jukofsky
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Bernhard Reis
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland
| | - Gong Chen
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | | | - Ray Lee
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
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57
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Pallmer K, Oxenius A. Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27446081 PMCID: PMC4919350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell responses by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is increasingly documented and studied. Direct or indirect crosstalk between ILCs and T cells early during and after T cell activation can affect their differentiation, polarization, and survival. Natural killer (NK) cells that belong to the ILC1 group were initially described for their function in recognizing and eliminating "altered self" and as source of early inflammatory cytokines, most notably type II interferon. Using signals conveyed by various germ-line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are geared to sense sudden cellular changes that can be caused by infection events, malignant transformation, or cellular stress responses. T cells, when activated by TCR engagement (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokines (signal 3), commit to a number of cellular alterations, including entry into rapid cell cycling, metabolic changes, and acquisition of effector functions. These abrupt changes may alert NK cells, and T cells might thereby expose themselves as NK cell targets. Here, we review how activated T cells can be recognized and regulated by NK cells and what consequences such regulation bears for T cell immunity in the context of vaccination, infection, or autoimmunity. Conversely, we will discuss mechanisms by which activated T cells protect themselves against NK cell attack and outline the significance of this safeguard mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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58
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Lugthart G, Melsen JE, Vervat C, van Ostaijen-Ten Dam MM, Corver WE, Roelen DL, van Bergen J, van Tol MJD, Lankester AC, Schilham MW. Human Lymphoid Tissues Harbor a Distinct CD69+CXCR6+ NK Cell Population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:78-84. [PMID: 27226093 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of human NK cells is based primarily on conventional CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells from blood. However, most cellular immune interactions occur in lymphoid organs. Based on the coexpression of CD69 and CXCR6, we identified a third major NK cell subset in lymphoid tissues. This population represents 30-60% of NK cells in marrow, spleen, and lymph node but is absent from blood. CD69(+)CXCR6(+) lymphoid tissue NK cells have an intermediate expression of CD56 and high expression of NKp46 and ICAM-1. In contrast to circulating NK cells, they have a bimodal expression of the activating receptor DNAX accessory molecule 1. CD69(+)CXCR6(+) NK cells do not express the early markers c-kit and IL-7Rα, nor killer cell Ig-like receptors or other late-differentiation markers. After cytokine stimulation, CD69(+)CXCR6(+) NK cells produce IFN-γ at levels comparable to CD56(dim) NK cells. They constitutively express perforin but require preactivation to express granzyme B and exert cytotoxicity. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, CD69(+)CXCR6(+) lymphoid tissue NK cells do not exhibit the hyperexpansion observed for both conventional NK cell populations. CD69(+)CXCR6(+) NK cells constitute a separate NK cell population with a distinct phenotype and function. The identification of this NK cell population in lymphoid tissues provides tools to further evaluate the cellular interactions and role of NK cells in human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan Lugthart
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands;
| | - Janine E Melsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Carly Vervat
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | | | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; and
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J D van Tol
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Schilham
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
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59
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Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) has been identified among the most important factors limiting long-term outcome in cardiac and renal transplantation. Therapeutic management remains challenging and the development of effective treatment modalities is hampered by insufficient understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. However, recent findings indicate that in addition to AMR-triggered activation of the classical complement pathway, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by innate immune cell subsets also promotes vascular graft injury. This review summarizes the accumulating evidence for the contribution of natural killer cells, the key mediators of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, to human AMR in allotransplantation and xenotransplantation and illustrates the current mechanistic conceptions drawn from animal models.
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60
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Yang Y, Lim O, Kim TM, Ahn YO, Choi H, Chung H, Min B, Her JH, Cho SY, Keam B, Lee SH, Kim DW, Hwang YK, Heo DS. Phase I Study of Random Healthy Donor-Derived Allogeneic Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma or Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:215-24. [PMID: 26787822 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells with mismatched killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor-ligand pairs have shown efficacy and been proven safe in treatment of cancer patients. Ex vivo-expanded and highly activated NK cells (MG4101) had been generated under good manufacturing practice conditions, which demonstrated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies. The current phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate safety and possible clinical efficacy of repetitive administrations of MG4101 derived from random unrelated healthy donors into patients with malignant lymphoma or advanced, recurrent solid tumors. The maximum dose (3 × 10(7) cells/kg, triple infusion) was tolerable without significant adverse events. Of 17 evaluable patients, 8 patients (47.1%) showed stable disease and 9 (52.9%) showed progressive disease. We also evaluated the capacity of MG4101 to influence host immune responses. Administration of MG4101 augmented NKG2D expression on CD8(+) T cells and upregulated chemokines that recruit T cells. In contrast, administration of MG4101 reduced regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppressed TGFβ production. In conclusion, administration of a large number of MG4101 cells was not only safe and feasible, but also exhibited efficacy in maintaining the effector arm of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaewon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Okjae Lim
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Choi
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyejin Chung
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bokyung Min
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Her
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung Yoo Cho
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Hwang
- Cell Therapy Team, MOGAM Biotechnology Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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61
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Ebbo M, Audonnet S, Grados A, Benarous L, Mahevas M, Godeau B, Viallard JF, Piperoglou C, Cognet C, Farnarier C, Harlé JR, Schleinitz N, Vély F. NK cell compartment in the peripheral blood and spleen in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Clin Immunol 2015; 177:18-28. [PMID: 26598010 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disease characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction. The T- and B-cell subsets have been extensively studied in primary ITP, but the NK cell compartment has been less thoroughly explored. We investigated the NK cell receptor repertoire and the functionality of NK cells in the peripheral blood and spleen in patients with primary ITP. An immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients revealed that the numbers of CD19+ B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3-CD56+ NK cells were within the normal range. No major alteration to the expression of distinct inhibitory or activating NK cell receptors was observed. The functionality of NK cells, as evaluated by their ability to degranulate in conditions of natural cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), was preserved in these patients. By contrast, these stimuli induced lower levels of IFNγ production by the NK cells of ITP patients than by those of healthy controls. We then compared the splenic NK cell functions of ITP patients with those of cadaveric heart-beating donors (CHBD) as controls. The splenic NK cells of ITP patients tended to be less efficient in natural cytotoxicity conditions and more efficient in ADCC conditions than control splenic NK cells. Finally, we found that infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin led to the inhibition of NK cell activation through the modulation of the interface between target cells and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ebbo
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Timone Adulte, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - S Audonnet
- Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - A Grados
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Timone Adulte, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L Benarous
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Timone Adulte, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Mahevas
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center For Adult Immune Cytopenias, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 51 Av. du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - B Godeau
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center For Adult Immune Cytopenias, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 51 Av. du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - J F Viallard
- Département de Médecine Interne, CHU de Bordeaux-GH Sud, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque 1 avenue Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France
| | - C Piperoglou
- Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Cognet
- Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Farnarier
- Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - J R Harlé
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Timone Adulte, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - N Schleinitz
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Timone Adulte, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - F Vély
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France; Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
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62
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Waggoner SN, Reighard SD, Gyurova IE, Cranert SA, Mahl SE, Karmele EP, McNally JP, Moran MT, Brooks TR, Yaqoob F, Rydyznski CE. Roles of natural killer cells in antiviral immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 16:15-23. [PMID: 26590692 PMCID: PMC4821726 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NK cells can kill virus-infected cells and protect against severe infections. Long-lived memory NK cells may develop after vaccination or infection. NK cells are potent regulatory of antiviral T and B cell responses. The role of NK cells in human infection is complex and context-dependent.
Natural killer (NK) cells are important in immune defense against virus infections. This is predominantly considered a function of rapid, innate NK-cell killing of virus-infected cells. However, NK cells also prime other immune cells through the release of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and other cytokines. Additionally, NK cells share features with long-lived adaptive immune cells and can impact disease pathogenesis through the inhibition of adaptive immune responses by virus-specific T and B cells. The relative contributions of these diverse and conflicting functions of NK cells in humans are poorly defined and likely context-dependent, thereby complicating the development of therapeutic interventions. Here we focus on the contributions of NK cells to disease in diverse virus infections germane to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Seth D Reighard
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stacey A Cranert
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah E Mahl
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Erik P Karmele
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P McNally
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael T Moran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Taylor R Brooks
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fazeela Yaqoob
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carolyn E Rydyznski
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Crouse J, Xu HC, Lang PA, Oxenius A. NK cells regulating T cell responses: mechanisms and outcome. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:49-58. [PMID: 25432489 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate effectors in immunity. NK cells also have a role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response, and have been shown, in different contexts, to stimulate or inhibit T cell responses. Recent findings have expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this regulation, revealing that regulation by NK cells can result from both direct interactions between NK cells and T cells, as well as indirectly, involving interactions with antigen presenting cells and the impact of NK cells on infected cells and pathogen load. We review these recent findings here, and outline emerging principles of how this regulation influences the overall outcome of adaptive immunity in infection and disease.
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Rydyznski CE, Waggoner SN. Boosting vaccine efficacy the natural (killer) way. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:536-46. [PMID: 26272882 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of the innate and adaptive immune systems is paramount to the development of protective humoral and cellular immunity following vaccination. Natural killer (NK) cells are front-line soldiers of the innate immune system, and recent studies have revealed functions for NK cells in long-lived immune memory and the regulation of adaptive immune responses. These findings suggest that NK cells may play important roles in the development of efficacious vaccines, as well as, in some contexts, failed immunizations. Here, we review the current understanding of the immunomodulatory and memory differentiation capabilities of NK cells. We examine the context dependency of the mechanisms and the nature of NK cell-mediated modulation of the immune response, and discuss how these insights may impact immunization strategies and the development of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Rydyznski
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, S6.214, MLC 15012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, S6.214, MLC 15012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Pahl J, Cerwenka A. Tricking the balance: NK cells in anti-cancer immunity. Immunobiology 2015; 222:11-20. [PMID: 26264743 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are classically considered innate immune effector cells involved in the first line of defense against infected and malignant cells. More recently, NK cells have emerged to acquire properties of adaptive immunity in response to certain viral infections such as expansion of specific NK cell subsets and long-lasting virus-specific responses to secondary challenges. NK cells distinguish healthy cells from abnormal cells by measuring the net input of activating and inhibitory signals perceived from target cells through NK cell surface receptors. Acquisition of activating ligands in combination with reduced expression of MHC class I molecules on virus-infected and cancer cells activates NK cell cytotoxicity and release of immunostimulatory cytokines like IFN-γ. In the cancer microenvironment however, NK cells become functionally impaired by inhibitory factors produced by immunosuppressive immune cells and cancer cells. Here we review recent progress on the role of NK cells in cancer immunity. We describe regulatory factors of the tumor microenvironment on NK cell function which determine cancer cell destruction or escape from immune recognition. Finally, recent strategies that focus on exploiting NK cell anti-cancer responses for immunotherapeutic approaches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pahl
- Innate Immunity Group, D080, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69221 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity Group, D080, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69221 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Thomas LM. Current perspectives on natural killer cell education and tolerance: emerging roles for inhibitory receptors. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:45-53. [PMID: 27471711 PMCID: PMC4918248 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s61498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are regulated through the coordinated functions of activating and inhibitory receptors. These receptors can act during the initial engagement of an NK cell with a target cell, or in subsequent NK cell engagements to maintain tolerance. Notably, each individual possesses a sizable minority-population of NK cells that are devoid of inhibitory receptors that recognize the surrounding MHC class I (ie, self-MHC). Since these NK cells cannot perform conventional inhibition, they are rendered less responsive through the process of NK cell education (also known as licensing) in order to reduce the likelihood of auto-reactivity. This review will delineate current views on NK cell education, clarify various misconceptions about NK cell education, and, lastly, discuss the relevance of NK cell education in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michael Thomas
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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68
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Generation of cellular immune memory and B-cell immunity is impaired by natural killer cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6375. [PMID: 25721802 PMCID: PMC4346304 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of most vaccines is the induction of long-lived memory T and B cells capable of protecting the host from infection by cytotoxic mechanisms, cytokines and high-affinity antibodies. However, efforts to develop vaccines against major human pathogens like HIV and HCV have not been successful, thereby highlighting the need for novel approaches to circumvent immunoregulatory mechanisms that limit induction of protective immunity. Here we show that mouse natural killer (NK) cells inhibit generation of long-lived virus-specific memory T- and B-cells as well as virus-specific antibody production after acute infection. Mechanistically, NK cells suppressed CD4 T cells and follicular helper T cells (TFH) in a perforin-dependent manner during the first few days of infection, resulting in a weaker germinal center (GC) response and diminished immune memory. We anticipate that innovative strategies to relieve NK cell-mediated suppression of immunity should facilitate development of efficacious new vaccines targeting difficult-to-prevent infections.
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69
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Pampena MB, Levy EM. Natural killer cells as helper cells in dendritic cell cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25674087 PMCID: PMC4309200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy has generated highly variable clinical results due to differing methods of vaccine preparation and variation in patient populations among other lesser factors. Moreover, these clinical responses do not necessarily correspond with the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we review the participation of natural killer (NK) cells as alternative immune components that could cooperate in successful vaccination treatment. NK cells have been described as helper cells in dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines, but the role in other kinds of vaccination strategies (whole cells, peptide, or DNA-based vaccines) is poorly understood. In this article, we address the following issues regarding the role of NK cells in cancer vaccines: NK cell anti-tumor action sites, and the loci of NK cell interaction with other immune cells; descriptions of new data on the memory characteristics of NK cells described in infectious diseases; and finally phenotypical and functional changes after vaccination measured by immunomonitoring in preclinical and clinical settings.
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70
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Natural Killer Cells Play a Critical Role in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner. Transplantation 2014; 98:1029-39. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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71
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Collison M, Chin JL, Abu Shanab A, Mac Nicholas R, Segurado R, Coughlan S, Connell J, Carr MJ, Merriman RB, McCormick PA, Hall WW. Homozygosity for HLA group 2 alleles predicts treatment failure with interferon-α and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:126-33. [PMID: 25237729 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic factors influence treatment responses to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We retrospectively investigated associations between host genetic markers and treatment-induced virologic responses to dual therapy with interferon-α and ribavirin in chronically infected HCV genotype 1 (g1)- and genotype 3 (g3)-infected individuals. A total of 171 patients (89 HCV g1 and 82 HCV g3 infected) were investigated for genetic markers influencing treatment-induced sustained virologic response (SVR). Overall, SVR was observed for 46/89 (52%) HCV g1- and 57/82 (70%) HCV g3-infected patients. Of the 4 interleukin 28B (IL28B) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12979860 was the host genetic marker most significantly associated with failure to achieve an SVR in HCV g1-infected individuals [P=3.83×10(-4); odds ratio (OR)=5.61; confidence interval (CI)=2.07-15.18] and gave a positive predictive value for treatment failure of 81.3% for minor homozygotes (TT). Using additive (P=3.54×10(-4)) and dominant models (P=3.83×10(-4)), a dosage effect of the T allele was observed, with the dominance term not significant for this SNP. Logistic regression showed an association between HLA-C1/C1 and rapid virologic response in HCV g1 infections with an OR relative to the heterozygote of 10.0 (95% CI: 1.6-62.5, P=0.014). HLA-C2 homozygosity was a significant predictor of nonresponse to treatment in HCV g1-infected individuals (P=0.023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meadhbh Collison
- 1 National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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72
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Tai LH, Auer R. Attacking Postoperative Metastases using Perioperative Oncolytic Viruses and Viral Vaccines. Front Oncol 2014; 4:217. [PMID: 25161958 PMCID: PMC4130104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection of solid primary malignancies is a mainstay of therapy for cancer patients. Despite being the most effective treatment for these tumors, cancer surgery has been associated with impaired metastatic clearance due to immunosuppression. In preclinical surgery models and human cancer patients, we and others have demonstrated a profound suppression of both natural killer (NK) and T cell function in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Oncolytic viruses (OV) were originally designed to selectively infect and replicate in tumors, with the primary objective of directly lysing cancer cells. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that OV infection results in a profound inflammatory reaction within the tumor, initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against it that is critical for its therapeutic benefit. This anti-tumor immunity appears to be mediated predominantly by NK and cytotoxic T cells. In preclinical models, we found that preoperative OV prevents postoperative NK cell dysfunction and attenuates tumor dissemination. Due to theoretical safety concerns of administering live virus prior to surgery in cancer patients, we characterized safe, attenuated versions of OV, and viral vaccines that could stimulate NK cells and reduce metastases when administered in the perioperative period. In cancer patients, we observed that in vivo infusion with oncolytic vaccinia virus and ex vivo stimulation with viral vaccines promote NK cell activation. These preclinical studies provide a novel and clinically relevant setting for OV therapy. Our challenge is to identify safe and promising OV therapies that will activate NK and T cells in the perioperative period preventing the establishment of micrometastatic disease in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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73
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Deauvieau F, Ollion V, Doffin AC, Achard C, Fonteneau JF, Verronese E, Durand I, Ghittoni R, Marvel J, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Walzer T, Vie H, Perrot I, Goutagny N, Caux C, Valladeau-Guilemond J. Human natural killer cells promote cross-presentation of tumor cell-derived antigens by dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1085-94. [PMID: 25046660 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) cross-present antigen (Ag) to initiate T-cell immunity against most infections and tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytolytic lymphocytes that have emerged as key modulators of multiple DC functions. Here, we show that human NK cells promote cross-presentation of tumor cell-derived Ag by DC leading to Ag-specific CD8(+) T-cell activation. Surprisingly, cytotoxic function of NK cells was not required. Instead, we highlight a critical and nonredundant role for IFN-γ and TNF-α production by NK cells to enhance cross-presentation by DC using two different Ag models. Importantly, we observed that NK cells promote cell-associated Ag cross-presentation selectively by monocytes-derived DC (Mo-DC) and CD34-derived CD11b(neg) CD141(high) DC subsets but not by myeloid CD11b(+) DC. Moreover, we demonstrate that triggering NK cell activation by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-coated tumor cells leads to efficient DC cross-presentation, supporting the concept that NK cells can contribute to therapeutic mAbs efficiency by inducing downstream adaptive immunity. Taken together, our findings point toward a novel role of human NK cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity through selective induction of cell-associated Ag cross-presentation by CD141(high) DC, a process that could be exploited to better harness Ag-specific cellular immunity in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Deauvieau
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; UNIV UMR1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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74
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Lewis GK. Role of Fc-mediated antibody function in protective immunity against HIV-1. Immunology 2014; 142:46-57. [PMID: 24843871 PMCID: PMC3992047 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Fc-mediated effector function in protective immunity to HIV-1 (hereafter referred to simply as HIV) is becoming increasingly apparent. A large of number of studies in natural infection cohorts, spanning the last 26 years, have associated Fc-mediated effector function, particularly antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, with a favourable clinical course. These studies strongly suggest a role for Fc-mediated effector function in the post-infection control of viraemia. More recently, studies in both humans and non-human primates (NHPs) also implicate Fc-mediated effector function in blocking HIV acquisition. Accordingly, this review will discuss the results supporting a role of Fc-mediated effector function in both blocking acquisition and post-infection control of viraemia. Parallel studies in NHPs and humans will be compared for common themes. Context for this discussion will be provided by summarizing the temporal emergence of key host and virological events over the course of an untreated HIV infection framing where, when and how Fc-mediated effector function might be protective. A hypothesis that Fc-mediated effector function protects primarily in the early stages of both acquisition and post-infection control of viraemia will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Lewis
- Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
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Choi I, Yoon SR, Park SY, Kim H, Jung SJ, Jang YJ, Kang M, Yeom YI, Lee JL, Kim DY, Lee YS, Kang YA, Jeon M, Seol M, Lee JH, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Yun SC, Lee KH. Donor-derived natural killer cells infused after human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation: a dose-escalation study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:696-704. [PMID: 24525278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The doses of donor-derived natural killer (NK) cells that can be given safely after human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remain to be defined. Forty-one patients (ages 17 to 75 years) with hematologic malignancy underwent HLA-haploidentical HCT after reduced-intensity conditioning containing busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. Cell donors (ages 7 to 62 years) underwent growth factor-mobilized leukapheresis for 3 to 4 days. Cells collected on the first 2 to 3 days were used for HCT, whereas those collected on the last day were CD3-depleted and cultured into NK cells using human interleukins-15 and -21. These NK cells were then infused into patients twice at 2 and 3 weeks after HCT at an escalating doses of .2 × 10(8) cells/kg of body weight (3 patients), .5 × 10(8) cells/kg (3 patients), 1.0 × 10(8) cells/kg (8 patients), and ≥ 1.0 × 10(8) cells/kg or available cells (27 patients). At all dose levels, no acute toxicity was observed after NK cell infusion. After HLA-haploidentical HCT and subsequent donor NK cell infusion, when referenced to 31 historical patients who had undergone HLA-haploidentical HCT after the same conditioning regimen but without high-dose NK cell infusion, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidences of major HCT outcomes, including engraftment (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500/μL, 85% versus 87%), grade 2 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD, 17% versus 16%), moderate to severe chronic GVHD (15% versus 10%), and transplantation-related mortality (27% versus 19%). There was, however, a significant reduction in leukemia progression (74% to 46%), with post-transplantation NK cell infusion being an independent predictor for less leukemia progression (hazard ratio, .527). Our findings showed that, when given 2 to 3 weeks after HLA-haploidentical HCT, donor-derived NK cells were well tolerated at a median total dose of 2.0 × 10(8) cells/kg. In addition, they may decrease post-transplantation progression of acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sol-Ji Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jang
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Kang
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Il Yeom
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Lee
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kang
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miee Seol
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Hematology and Oncology Sections, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Marras F, Bozzano F, Ascierto ML, De Maria A. Baseline and Dynamic Expression of Activating NK Cell Receptors in the Control of Chronic Viral Infections: The Paradigm of HIV-1 and HCV. Front Immunol 2014; 5:305. [PMID: 25071766 PMCID: PMC4078246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by a balance between the triggering of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on their surface. A relevant effort has been focused so far on the study of KIR carriage/expression setting the basis for NK cell education and self-tolerance. Focus on the evolution and regulation of activating NK receptors has lagged behind so far. Our understanding of activating receptor expression and regulation has recently improved by evidences derived from in vitro and in vivo studies. Virus infection - either acute or chronic - determines preferential expansion of NK cells with specific phenotype, activating receptors, and with recall-like functional activity. Studies on patients with viral infection (HIV and HCV) and specific diverging clinical courses confirm that inter-individual differences may exist in baseline expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46 and NKp30). The findings that patients with divergent clinical courses have different kinetics of activating receptor density expression upon NK cell activation in vitro provide an additional, time-dependent, functional parameter. Kinetic changes in receptor expression thus represent an additional parameter to basal receptor density expression. Different expression and inducibilities of activating receptors on NK cells contribute to the high diversity of NK cell populations and may help our understanding of the inter-individual differences in innate responses that underlie divergent disease courses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Bozzano
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Libera Ascierto
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS A.O.U. S. Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea De Maria, University of Genova, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy e-mail:
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Huang WH, Chen HL, Huang PH, Yew TL, Lin MW, Lin SJ, Hung SC. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells engraft and ameliorate limb ischaemia in allogeneic recipients. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:266-76. [PMID: 24220639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Local injection of stem cells or endothelial progenitors directly into the ischaemic tissue remains an option for the management of arterial occlusion. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising alternative autologous cell source for ischaemic limb cell therapy. However, methods for applying MSCs in allogeneic transplantation remain to be developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MSCs cultured under a different environment in ameliorating limb ischaemia in allogeneic recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that hypoxic MSCs from B6 mice ameliorate limb ischaemia of Balb/c mice compared with normoxic MSCs. We also demonstrated that hypoxic MSCs have an increased ability to engraft in allogeneic recipients by reducing natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and decrease the accumulation of host-derived NK cells when transplanted in vivo. These allogeneic hypoxic MSCs gave rise to CD31+ endothelial cells and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ and desmin+ muscle cells, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and restoring muscle structure. Moreover, application of anti-NK antibodies together with normoxic MSCs enhanced angiogenesis and prevented limb amputation in allogeneic recipients with limb ischaemia. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that hypoxic MSCs are intrinsically immunoprivileged and can serve as a 'universal donor cell' for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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78
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Crome SQ, Lang PA, Lang KS, Ohashi PS. Natural killer cells regulate diverse T cell responses. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:342-9. [PMID: 23601842 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important mediators of the immune response against microbial pathogens and tumors. There is growing evidence from mouse and human studies that, NK cells exhibit immunoregulatory functions and can limit T cell immunity. NK cell regulatory activity has been demonstrated in a variety of disease models including chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, and transplantation. Depending on the nature of the immune challenge, NK cells use different strategies to limit T cell function, including via cytokines, interactions with NK receptors NKG2D and NKp46, or by perforin-mediated T cell death. Future work should address whether specific subsets of NK cells inhibit T cell responses, and how NK cells acquire immunosuppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Q Crome
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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79
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Analysis of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 75:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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80
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Konjevic G, Jurisic V, Jovic V, Vuletic A, Mirjacic Martinovic K, Radenkovic S, Spuzic I. Investigation of NK cell function and their modulation in different malignancies. Immunol Res 2012; 52:139-56. [PMID: 22442005 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NK cells have become a subject of investigation not only in the field of tumor immunology and infectious diseases, but also within all aspects of immunology, such as transplantation, autoimmunity, and hypersensitivity. Our early studies aside from investigating NK cell activity in experimental animals and humans included studies of perforin expression and modulation in this lymphocyte subset. As NK cell activity is modified by their environment, we showed clinical stage-dependent impairment of their activity and in vitro effect of different sera, Th1 cytokines, and their combination in breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, especially with respect to metabolic and cell membrane changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes evaluated by spontaneous release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that led to the correction of the LDH enzyme release assay for natural cytotoxicity. By long-term immuno-monitoring of patients with malignancies, we also showed the kinetics of NK cell modulation during chemo-immunotherapy. In our more recent studies, we give data of NK function and novel families of NK cell receptor expression in healthy individuals that may be of help in NK cell profiling, by giving referent values of basic and cytokine-induced expression of some NK cell receptors either in evaluation of disease or in immuno-monitoring during cytokine therapy of patients with malignancies. Moreover, we give novel aspects of modulation of NK cell activity by cytokines approved for immunotherapy, IFN and IL-2, in melanoma and other malignancies with respect to alterations in new activating (NKG2D and CD161) and inhibitory (CD158a and CD158b) receptor characteristics and signaling molecules in CD16- and CD56-defined NK cells and their small immunoregulatory and large cytotoxic subsets in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, as NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells depends on the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Konjevic
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
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81
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Ge MQ, Ho AWS, Tang Y, Wong KHS, Chua BYL, Gasser S, Kemeny DM. NK cells regulate CD8+ T cell priming and dendritic cell migration during influenza A infection by IFN-γ and perforin-dependent mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2099-109. [PMID: 22869906 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune response against influenza A infection depends on the generation of virus-specific T cells. NK cells are one of the first-line defenses against influenza A infection. We set out to delineate the role of NK cells in T cell immunity using a murine model of influenza A infection with A/PR/8/34. We show that early T cell recruitment mainly occurs in the posterior mediastinal lymph node (pMLN). Depletion of NK cells significantly impaired both dendritic cell (DC) and T cell recruitment into the pMLN. A similar reduction of T cell recruitment was observed when migration was blocked by pertussis toxin, suggesting that migration of pulmonary NK cells and DCs regulates cell recruitment to the pMLN. T cell recruitment was dependent on IFN-γ, and transfer of IFN-γ-competent naive NK cells into IFN-γ-/- mice restored T cell recruitment, whereas IFN-γ-deficient NK cells failed to do so. In addition, NK cell depletion reduced the uptake and transport of influenza A virus by DCs, and significantly impaired the virus-specific T cell response. Both IFN-γ-/- and perforin-/- mice showed reduced viral Ag transport by DCs, suggesting that the ability of NK cells to influence virus transport depends on IFN-γ and perforin. In summary, our data suggest that NK cells play a critical role in the initiation and shaping of the T cell response after influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyar Qing Ge
- Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
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82
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Lion E, Willemen Y, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo VFI, Smits ELJ. Natural killer cell immune escape in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2012; 26:2019-26. [PMID: 22446501 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As central players of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells can exert direct and indirect anti-tumor effects via their cytotoxic and immune regulatory capacities, pivotal in the induction of an effective adaptive anti-tumor immune response. Hence, NK cells are considered to be important in the immune surveillance of cancer. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, however, significantly impaired NK cell functions can facilitate escape from immune surveillance and affect patient outcome. Here, we review various NK cell defects and AML evasion mechanisms to escape from NK cell-mediated immune surveillance and we discuss NK cell-related parameters as prediction factors of AML patient outcome. On the basis of these observations, novel immunotherapeutic strategies capitalizing on the potentiation of NK cell functions have emerged in AML immunotherapy, as discussed in this review. Increased knowledge on AML escape routes from NK cell immune surveillance will further aid in the design of novel NK cell-based immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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83
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Valiathan R, Lewis JE, Melillo AB, Leonard S, Ali KH, Asthana D. Evaluation of a Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for Natural Killer Cell Activity in Clinical Settings. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:455-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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84
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Jackaman C, Lansley S, Allan JE, Robinson BWS, Nelson DJ. IL-2/CD40-driven NK cells install and maintain potency in the anti-mesothelioma effector/memory phase. Int Immunol 2012; 24:357-68. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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85
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Agudelo O, Bueno J, Villa A, Maestre A. High IFN-gamma and TNF production by peripheral NK cells of Colombian patients with different clinical presentation of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2012; 11:38. [PMID: 22316273 PMCID: PMC3292975 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Colombia, Plasmodium falciparum infection rarely results in severe disease or mortality compared to infections in African populations. During natural infection NK cells exhibit a cytolytic effect and regulate dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils as well as affect antigen specific T and B cell responses. To characterize the NK cells in P. falciparum infected patients of a highly endemic region of Colombia, the degree of NK proliferation and production of IFN gamma and TNF production in these cells were explored. METHODS Seventeen patients with acute and three with severe P. falciparum malaria patients from the Northwest region of the country were recruited in the study. In addition, 20 healthy controls were included: 10 from Medellin (no-transmission area) and 10 from the Uraba region (a malaria endemic area). Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral mononuclear cells was performed by FACS to detect total number of NK cells, subtypes and intracellular IFNγ and TNF production by NK cells in the different patient groups. RESULTS The total mean CD56(+)/CD3(-) NK cell proportions in acute and severe malaria subjects were 9.14% (7.15%CD56(dim), 2.01%CD56(bright)) and 19.62% (16.05%CD56(dim), 3.58%CD56(bright)), respectively, in contrast to healthy controls from endemic (total mean CD56(+)/CD3(-)1.2%) and non-endemic area (total mean CD56(+)/CD3(-) 0.67%). Analysis of basal IFNγ and TNF levels confirmed the CD56(bright) NK population as the main cytokine producer (p < 0.0001) in the groups affected with malaria, with the CD56(dim) NK cell exhibiting the highest potential of TNF production after stimulus in the acute malaria group. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the important role of not only CD56(bright) but also of CD56(dim) NK cell populations as producers of the two cytokines in malaria patients in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Agudelo
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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86
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Yet another role for natural killer cells: cytotoxicity in immune regulation and viral persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1814-5. [PMID: 22308452 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120528109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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87
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Bouvier I, Jusforgues-Saklani H, Lim A, Lemaître F, Lemercier B, Auriau C, Nicola MA, Leroy S, Law HK, Bandeira A, Moon JJ, Bousso P, Albert ML. Immunization route dictates cross-priming efficiency and impacts the optimal timing of adjuvant delivery. Front Immunol 2011; 2:71. [PMID: 22566860 PMCID: PMC3342317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of cell-associated antigen represents an important strategy for vaccination. While many experimental models have been developed in order to define the critical parameters for efficient cross-priming, few have utilized quantitative methods that permit the study of the endogenous repertoire. Comparing different strategies of immunization, we report that local delivery of cell-associated antigen results in delayed T cell cross-priming due to the increased time required for antigen capture and presentation. In comparison, delivery of disseminated antigen resulted in rapid T cell priming. Surprisingly, local injection of cell-associated antigen, while slower, resulted in the differentiation of a more robust, polyfunctional, effector response. We also evaluated the combination of cell-associated antigen with poly I:C delivery and observed an immunization route-specific effect regarding the optimal timing of innate immune stimulation. These studies highlight the importance of considering the timing and persistence of antigen presentation, and suggest that intradermal injection with delayed adjuvant delivery is the optimal strategy for achieving CD8+ T cell cross-priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bouvier
- Unité Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur Paris, France
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88
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Abstract
Controversy exists as to the role that the immune system plays in cancer therapy. While the immune system has been proposed to scavenge the body to prevent microscopic transformation from forming cancer, it has been difficult to mount its potential of shrinking established tumors. NK cells are components of the innate immune system. They can recognize targets without prior sensitization, making them ideal candidates to manipulate for therapeutic use against cancer. Initially, autologous NK cells were directed against tumors but it was realized that NK cells that recognize self cells are inhibited. More encouraging advances have been made with allogeneic NK cell therapy in clinical trials to overcome this limitation. In this article, we present developments in NK cell adoptive immunotherapy for hematologic and solid tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Geller
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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89
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Plasmid vector-linked maturation of natural killer (NK) cells is coupled to antigen-dependent NK cell activation during DNA-based immunization in mice. J Virol 2011; 85:10201-12. [PMID: 21775455 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00062-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA vaccines serve in a wide array of applications ranging from prophylactic vaccines to potential therapeutic tools against infectious diseases and cancer. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and their potential role in adaptive immunity during DNA-based immunization against hepatitis B virus surface antigen in mice. We observed that the mature Mac-1(+) CD27(-) NK cell subset increased in the liver of mice early after DNA injection, whereas the number of the less mature Mac-1(+) CD27(+) NK cells in the liver and spleen was significantly reduced. This effect was attributed to bacterial sequences present in the plasmid backbone rather than to the encoded antigen and was not observed in immunized MyD88-deficient mice. The activation of NK cells by plasmid-DNA injection was associated with an increase in their effector functions that depended on the expressed antigen. Maturation of NK cells was abrogated in the absence of T cells, suggesting that cross talk exists between NK cells and antigen-specific T cells. Taken together, our data unravel the mechanics of plasmid vector-induced maturation of NK cells and plasmid-encoded antigen-dependent activation of NK cells required for a crucial role of NK cells in DNA vaccine-induced immunogenicity.
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90
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Bouzani M, Ok M, McCormick A, Ebel F, Kurzai O, Morton CO, Einsele H, Loeffler J. Human NK cells display important antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, which is directly mediated by IFN-γ release. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1369-76. [PMID: 21697457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong interest in the NK cell-mediated immunity toward malignant cells and viruses, there is a relative lack of data on the interplay between NK cells and filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus fumigatus, which is the major cause of invasive aspergillosis. By studying the in vitro interaction between human NK cells and A. fumigatus, we found only germinated morphologies to be highly immunogenic, able to induce a Th1-like response, and capable of upregulating cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Moreover, priming NK cells with human rIL-2 and stimulating NK cells by direct NK cell-pathogen contact were essential to induce damage against A. fumigatus. However, the most interesting finding was that NK cells did not mediate anti-Aspergillus cytotoxicity through degranulation of their cytotoxic proteins (perforin, granzymes, granulysine), but via an alternative mechanism involving soluble factor(s). To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that IFN-γ, released by NK cells, directly damages A. fumigatus, attributing new properties to both human NK cells and IFN-γ and suggesting them as possible therapeutic tools against IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bouzani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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91
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Vivier E, Ugolini S. Natural killer cells: from basic research to treatments. Front Immunol 2011; 2:18. [PMID: 22566808 PMCID: PMC3342003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée UM 631 Marseille, France.
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92
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Leishmania-infected macrophages are targets of NK cell-derived cytokines but not of NK cell cytotoxicity. Infect Immun 2011; 79:2699-708. [PMID: 21518784 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00079-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of a protective immune response against intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania parasites, which reside within myeloid cells. Previous in vivo studies in murine cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis showed that NK cells are activated by conventional dendritic cells in a Toll-like receptor 9-, interleukin-12 (IL-12)-, and IL-18-dependent manner during the early phase of infection and help to restrict the tissue parasite burden by unknown mechanisms. Here, we tested whether NK cells contribute to the control of Leishmania infections by lysing or by activating infected host cells. Coculture experiments revealed that activated NK cells from poly(I:C)-treated mice readily killed tumor target cells, whereas Leishmania infantum- or L. major-infected macrophages or dendritic cells remained viable. Infection with Leishmania did not significantly alter the expression of NK cell-activating molecules (retinoic acid early transcript alpha [Rae-1α], mouse UL16-binding protein-like transcript 1 [MULT-1], CD48) or inhibitory molecules (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class I, nonclassical MHC class 1b molecule Qa-1) on the surface of myeloid cells, which offers an explanation for their protection from NK cell cytotoxicity. Consistent with these in vitro data, in vivo cytotoxicity assays revealed poor cytolytic activity of NK cells against adoptively transferred infected wild-type macrophages, whereas MHC class I-deficient macrophages were efficiently eliminated. NK cells activated by IL-12 and IL-18 stimulated macrophages to kill intracellular Leishmania in a cell contact-independent but gamma interferon-, tumor necrosis factor-, and inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent manner. We conclude that Leishmania parasites, unlike viruses, do not render infected myeloid cells susceptible to the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Instead, soluble products of NK cells trigger the leishmanicidal activity of macrophages.
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93
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Interactions of human myeloid cells with natural killer cell subsets in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:251679. [PMID: 21541250 PMCID: PMC3085306 DOI: 10.1155/2011/251679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In both human and mouse it has been recently realized that natural killer (NK) cells do not emerge from the bone marrow with full functional competence but rather acquire functions in interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily dendritic cells (DCs). Here we review the mechanisms and the consequences of this NK-cell preactivation, as well as discuss new experimental models that now allow investigating these interactions for human NK cells and their response to human pathogens in vivo. These investigations will allow harnessing NK cells during vaccination for improved innate and adaptive immunity.
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94
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Salagianni M, Lekka E, Moustaki A, Iliopoulou EG, Baxevanis CN, Papamichail M, Perez SA. NK Cell Adoptive Transfer Combined with Ontak-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Elimination Induces Effective Adaptive Antitumor Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3327-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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95
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Apetoh L, Locher C, Ghiringhelli F, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Harnessing dendritic cells in cancer. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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96
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Ontiveros F, Wilson EB, Livingstone AM. Type I interferon supports primary CD8+ T-cell responses to peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in the absence of CD4+ T-cell help. Immunology 2011; 132:549-58. [PMID: 21255009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) T-cell responses to non-pathogen, cell-associated antigens such as minor alloantigens or peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) are usually strongly dependent on help from CD4(+) T cells. However, some studies have described help-independent primary CD8(+) T-cell responses to cell-associated antigens, using immunization strategies likely to trigger natural killer (NK) cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production. We asked whether NK cell activation by MHC I-deficient cells, or administration of inflammatory cytokines, could support CD4(+) T-cell help-independent primary responses to peptide-pulsed DC. Injection of MHC I-deficient cells cross-primed CD8(+) T-cell responses to the protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the male antigen HY, but did not stimulate CD8(+) T-cell responses in CD4-depleted mice; hence NK cell stimulation by MHC I-deficient cells did not replace CD4(+) T-cell help in our experiments. Dendritic cells cultured with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or type I interferon-α (IFN-α) also failed to prime CD8(+) T-cell responses in the absence of help. Injection of TNF-α increased lymph node cellularity, but did not generate help-independent CD8(+) T-cell responses. In contrast, CD4-depleted mice injected with IFN-α made substantial primary CD8(+) T-cell responses to peptide-pulsed DC. Mice deficient for the type I IFN receptor (IFNR1) made CD8(+) T-cell responses to IFNR1-deficient, peptide-pulsed DC; hence IFN-α does not appear to be a downstream mediator of CD4(+) T-cell help. We suggest that primary CD8(+) T-cell responses will become help-independent whenever endogenous IFN-α secretion is stimulated by tissue damage, infection, or autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ontiveros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-8609, USA
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97
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Aldhamen YA, Appledorn DM, Seregin SS, Liu CJJ, Schuldt NJ, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A. Expression of the SLAM family of receptors adapter EAT-2 as a novel strategy for enhancing beneficial immune responses to vaccine antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:722-32. [PMID: 21149608 PMCID: PMC11119279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that activation of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors plays an important role in several aspects of immune regulation. However, translation of this knowledge into a useful clinical application has not been undertaken. One important area where SLAM-mediated immune regulation may have keen importance is in the field of vaccinology. Because SLAM signaling plays such a critical role in the innate and adaptive immunity, we endeavored to develop a strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines by incorporation of proteins known to be important in SLAM-mediated signaling. In this study, we hypothesized that coexpression of the SLAM adapter EWS-FLI1-activated transcript 2 (EAT-2) along with a pathogen-derived Ag would facilitate induction of beneficial innate immune responses, resulting in improved induction of Ag-specific adaptive immune responses. To test this hypothesis, we used rAd5 vector-based vaccines expressing murine EAT-2, or the HIV-1-derived Ag Gag. Compared with appropriate controls, rAd5 vectors expressing EAT-2 facilitated bystander activation of NK, NKT, B, and T cells early after their administration into animals. EAT-2 overexpression also augments the expression of APC (macrophages and dendritic cells) surface markers. Indeed, this multitiered activation of the innate immune system by vaccine-mediated EAT-2 expression enhanced the induction of Ag-specific cellular immune responses. Because both mice and humans express highly conserved EAT-2 adapters, our results suggest that human vaccination strategies that specifically facilitate SLAM signaling may improve vaccine potency when targeting HIV Ags specifically, as well as numerous other vaccine targets in general.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adenoviridae Infections/genetics
- Adenoviridae Infections/immunology
- Adenoviridae Infections/therapy
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Genetic Engineering/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/administration & dosage
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Associated Protein
- Transcription Factors/administration & dosage
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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98
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Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, Caligiuri MA, Zitvogel L, Lanier LL, Yokoyama WM, Ugolini S. Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells. Science 2011; 331:44-9. [PMID: 21212348 PMCID: PMC3089969 DOI: 10.1126/science.1198687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1936] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were originally defined as effector lymphocytes of innate immunity endowed with constitutive cytolytic functions. More recently, a more nuanced view of NK cells has emerged. NK cells are now recognized to express a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that is calibrated to ensure self-tolerance while allowing efficacy against assaults such as viral infection and tumor development. Moreover, NK cells do not react in an invariant manner but rather adapt to their environment. Finally, recent studies have unveiled that NK cells can also mount a form of antigen-specific immunologic memory. NK cells thus exert sophisticated biological functions that are attributes of both innate and adaptive immunity, blurring the functional borders between these two arms of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vivier
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée UM 631, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- INSERM UMR-S 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - David H. Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720–3200, USA
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43220, USA
| | | | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143–0414, USA
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rheumatology Division, Campus Box 8045, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée UM 631, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- INSERM UMR-S 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
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Beutler B, Goodnow CC. How host defense is encoded in the mammalian genome. Mamm Genome 2010; 22:1-5. [PMID: 21184083 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This issue of Mammalian Genome explores the genetic approach to infectious disease susceptibility as it has been applied in mammals. Although no single issue of any journal could give comprehensive treatment to a field so extensive and rapidly growing as this one, these texts describe key discoveries that provided new understanding of immune responses. Classical genetic studies opened and continue to pave the way to deep understanding of many issues in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Beutler
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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100
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Iliopoulou EG, Kountourakis P, Karamouzis MV, Doufexis D, Ardavanis A, Baxevanis CN, Rigatos G, Papamichail M, Perez SA. A phase I trial of adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer cells in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1781-9. [PMID: 20703455 PMCID: PMC11030924 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HLA-mismatched natural killer (NK) cells have shown efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia, and their adoptive transfer in patients with other malignancies has been proven safe. This phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate safety (primary endpoint) and possible clinical efficacy (secondary endpoint) of repetitive administrations of allogeneic, in vitro activated and expanded NK cells along with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with unresectable, locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC receiving 1st/2nd line chemotherapy were eligible to receive 2-4 doses of activated NK cells from two relative donors. Donor's CD56(+) cells were cultured for 20-23 days with interleukin-15 (IL-15) and hydrocortisone (HC) and administered intravenously between chemotherapy cycles. Premedication with corticosteroids and/or H1 inhibitors was allowed. Sixteen patients (performance status 0-1) with adenocarcinoma (n = 13) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3) at stage IIIb (n = 5) or IV (n = 11) receiving 1st (n = 13) or 2nd (n = 3) line treatment were enrolled. Fifteen patients received 2-4 doses of allogeneic activated NK cells (0.2-29 × 10(6)/kg/dose, median 4.15 × 10(6)/kg/dose). No side effects (local or systemic) were observed. At a median 22-month follow-up (range, 16.5-26 months) 2 patients with partial response and 6 patients with disease stabilization were recorded. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 5.5 and 15 months, respectively. A 56% 1-year survival and a 19% 2-year survival were recorded. In conclusion, repetitive infusions of allogeneic, in vitro activated and expanded with IL-15/HC NK cells, in combination with chemotherapy are safe and potentially clinically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni G. Iliopoulou
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Kountourakis
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Medical Oncology Department, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Doufexis
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Ardavanis
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Rigatos
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
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