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Li M, Wang M, Wen Y, Zhang H, Zhao G, Gao Q. Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e349. [PMID: 37706196 PMCID: PMC10495745 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that macrophages exert in different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which is regulated via signal transduction such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt and Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in macrophages have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the basic physiology of macrophages and expound the regulatory pathways within them. We also address the crucial role macrophages play in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious diseases, and cancer, with a focus on advances in macrophage-targeted strategies exploring modulation of components and regulators of signaling pathways. Last, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions of macrophage-targeted therapy in clinical applications. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide directions for further research on therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage signaling pathways, which are promising to improve the efficacy of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuanjia Wen
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Guang‐Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Yao Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, Jiang Q, Li K. Macrophage/microglia polarization for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1276225. [PMID: 37842315 PMCID: PMC10569308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1276225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages/microglia are immune system defense and homeostatic cells that develop from bone marrow progenitor cells. According to the different phenotypes and immune responses of macrophages (Th1 and Th2), the two primary categories of polarized macrophages/microglia are those conventionally activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Macrophage/microglial polarization is a key regulating factor in the development of inflammatory disorders, cancers, metabolic disturbances, and neural degeneration. Macrophage/microglial polarization is involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, pathological angiogenesis, and tissue healing processes in ocular diseases, particularly in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The functional phenotypes of macrophages/microglia affect disease progression and prognosis, and thus regulate the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different DR stages, which may offer new concepts for individualized therapy of DR. This review summarizes the involvement of macrophage/microglia polarization in physiological situations and in the pathological process of DR, and discusses the promising role of polarization in personalized treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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53
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Bahri M, Anstee JE, Opzoomer JW, Arnold JN. Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:919-928. [PMID: 37199172 PMCID: PMC10539944 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular (Pv) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a highly specialized stromal subset within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that are defined by their spatial proximity, within one cell thickness, to blood vasculature. PvTAMs have been demonstrated to support a variety of pro-tumoral functions including angiogenesis, metastasis, and modulating the immune and stromal landscape. Furthermore, PvTAMs can also limit the response of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapies and support tumor recurrence post-treatment. However, their role may not exclusively be pro-tumoral as PvTAMs can also have immune-stimulatory capabilities. PvTAMs are derived from a monocyte progenitor that develop and localize to the Pv niche as part of a multistep process which relies on a series of signals from tumor, endothelial and Pv mesenchymal cell populations. These cellular communications and signals create a highly specialized TAM subset that can also form CCR5-dependent multicellular 'nest' structures in the Pv niche. This review considers our current understanding of the role of PvTAMs, their markers for identification, development, and function in cancer. The role of PvTAMs in supporting disease progression and modulating the outcome from anti-cancer therapies highlight these cells as a therapeutic target. However, their resistance to pan-TAM targeting therapies, such as those targeting the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1)-CSF1 receptor axis, prompts the need for more targeted therapeutic approaches to be considered for this subset. This review highlights potential therapeutic strategies to target and modulate PvTAM development and function in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bahri
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Anstee
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James W Opzoomer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Ramsay E, Lajunen T, Bhattacharya M, Reinisalo M, Rilla K, Kidron H, Terasaki T, Urtti A. Selective drug delivery to the retinal cells: Biological barriers and avenues. J Control Release 2023; 361:1-19. [PMID: 37481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinal drug delivery is a challenging, but important task, because most retinal diseases are still without any proper therapy. Drug delivery to the retina is hampered by the anatomical and physiological barriers resulting in minimal bioavailability after topical ocular and systemic administrations. Intravitreal injections are current method-of-choice in retinal delivery, but these injections show short duration of action for small molecules and low target bioavailability for many protein, gene based drugs and nanomedicines. State-of-art delivery systems are based on prolonged retention, controlled drug release and physical features (e.g. size and charge). However, drug delivery to the retina is not cell-specific and these approaches do not facilitate intracellular delivery of modern biological drugs (e.g. intracellular proteins, RNA based medicines, gene editing). In this focused review we highlight biological factors and mechanisms that form the basis for the selective retinal drug delivery systems in the future. Therefore, we are presenting current knowledge related to retinal membrane transporters, receptors and targeting ligands in relation to nanomedicines, conjugates, extracellular vesicles, and melanin binding. These issues are discussed in the light of retinal structure and cell types as well as future prospects in the field. Unlike in some other fields of targeted drug delivery (e.g. cancer research), selective delivery technologies have been rarely studied, even though cell targeted delivery may be even more feasible after local administration into the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Reinisalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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56
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Mass E, Nimmerjahn F, Kierdorf K, Schlitzer A. Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:563-579. [PMID: 36922638 PMCID: PMC10017071 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they phagocytose dying cells and cell debris, immune complexes, bacteria and other waste products. Simultaneously, they produce growth factors and signalling molecules - such activities not only promote host protection in response to invading microorganisms but are also crucial for organ development and homeostasis. There is mounting evidence of macrophages orchestrating fundamental physiological processes, such as blood vessel formation, adipogenesis, metabolism and central and peripheral neuronal function. In parallel, novel methodologies have led to the characterization of tissue-specific macrophages, with distinct subpopulations of these cells showing different developmental trajectories, transcriptional programmes and life cycles. Here, we summarize our growing knowledge of macrophage diversity and how macrophage subsets orchestrate tissue development and function. We further interrelate macrophage ontogeny with their core functions across tissues, that is, the signalling events within the macrophage niche that may control organ functionality during development, homeostasis and ageing. Finally, we highlight the open questions that will need to be addressed by future studies to better understand the tissue-specific functions of distinct macrophage subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Taylor X, Clark IM, Fitzgerald GJ, Oluoch H, Hole JT, DeMattos RB, Wang Y, Pan F. Amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy induced microhemorrhages are associated with activated perivascular macrophages and peripheral monocyte recruitment in Alzheimer's disease mice. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:59. [PMID: 37649100 PMCID: PMC10469415 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) have been identified as the most common and serious adverse events resulting from pathological changes in the cerebral vasculature during several recent anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy trials. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying how amyloid immunotherapy enhances cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-mediated alterations in vascular permeability and microhemorrhages are not currently understood. Interestingly, brain perivascular macrophages have been implicated in regulating CAA deposition and cerebrovascular function however, further investigations are required to understand how perivascular macrophages play a role in enhancing CAA-related vascular permeability and microhemorrhages associated with amyloid immunotherapy. METHODS In this study, we examined immune responses induced by amyloid-targeting antibodies and CAA-induced microhemorrhages using histology and gene expression analyses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models and primary culture systems. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrate that anti-Aβ (3D6) immunotherapy leads to the formation of an antibody immune complex with vascular amyloid deposits and induces the activation of CD169+ perivascular macrophages. We show that macrophages activated by antibody mediated Fc receptor signaling have increased expression of inflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling genes such as Timp1 and MMP9 in vitro and confirm these key findings in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate enhanced vascular permeability of plasma proteins and recruitment of inflammatory monocytes around vascular amyloid deposits, which are associated with hemosiderin deposits from cerebral microhemorrhages, suggesting the multidimensional roles of activated perivascular macrophages in response to Aβ immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study establishes a connection between Aβ antibodies engaged at CAA deposits, the activation of perivascular macrophages, and the upregulation of genes involved in vascular permeability. However, the implications of this phenomenon on the susceptibility to microhemorrhages remain to be fully elucidated. Further investigations are warranted to determine the precise role of CD169 + perivascular macrophages in enhancing CAA-mediated vascular permeability, extravasation of plasma proteins, and infiltration of immune cells associated with microhemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Taylor
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Isaiah M Clark
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Griffin J Fitzgerald
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Herold Oluoch
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Justin T Hole
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Ronald B DeMattos
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Yaming Wang
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
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Salvatori F, D’Aversa E, Serino ML, Singh AV, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V, Gemmati D. miRNAs Epigenetic Tuning of Wall Remodeling in the Early Phase after Myocardial Infarction: A Novel Epidrug Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13268. [PMID: 37686073 PMCID: PMC10487654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries. An early diagnosis decreases subsequent severe complications such as wall remodeling or heart failure and improves treatments and interventions. Novel therapeutic targets have been recognized and, together with the development of direct and indirect epidrugs, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) yields great expectancy. ncRNAs are a group of RNAs not translated into a product and, among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most investigated subgroup since they are involved in several pathological processes related to MI and post-MI phases such as inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. These processes and pathways are finely tuned by miRNAs via complex mechanisms. We are at the beginning of the investigation and the main paths are still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent findings on epigenetic changes involved in the first phases after MI as well as on the role of the several miRNAs. We focused on miRNAs function and on their relationship with key molecules and cells involved in healing processes after an ischemic accident, while also giving insight into the discrepancy between males and females in the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Elisabetta D’Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Serino
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental Science and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Wei C, Wei Y, Cheng J, Tan X, Zhou Z, Lin S, Pang L. Identification and verification of diagnostic biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss via machine learning algorithm and WGCNA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241816. [PMID: 37691920 PMCID: PMC10485775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent pregnancy loss defined as the occurrence of two or more pregnancy losses before 20-24 weeks of gestation, is a prevalent and significant pathological condition that impacts human reproductive health. However, the underlying mechanism of RPL remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers and molecular mechanisms associated with RPL and explore novel treatment strategies for clinical applications. Methods The GEO database was utilized to retrieve the RPL gene expression profile GSE165004. This profile underwent differential expression analysis, WGCNA, functional enrichment, and subsequent analysis of RPL gene expression using LASSO regression, SVM-RFE, and RandomForest algorithms for hub gene screening. ANN model were constructed to assess the performance of hub genes in the dataset. The expression of hub genes in both the RPL and control group samples was validated using RT-qPCR. The immune cell infiltration level of RPL was assessed using CIBERSORT. Additionally, pan-cancer analysis was conducted using Sangerbox, and small-molecule drug screening was performed using CMap. Results A total of 352 DEGs were identified, including 198 up-regulated genes and 154 down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were primarily associated with Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and various metabolism-related pathways. The turquoise module, which showed the highest relevance to clinical symptoms based on WGCNA results, contained 104 DEGs. Three hub genes, WBP11, ACTR2, and NCSTN, were identified using machine learning algorithms. ROC curves demonstrated a strong diagnostic value when the three hub genes were combined. RT-qPCR confirmed the low expression of WBP11 and ACTR2 in RPL, whereas NCSTN exhibited high expression. The immune cell infiltration analysis results indicated an imbalance of macrophages in RPL. Meanwhile, these three hub genes exhibited aberrant expression in multiple malignancies and were associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, we identified several small-molecule drugs. Conclusion This study identifies and validates hub genes in RPL, which may lead to significant advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Wei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyun Wei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinlian Cheng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Tan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lihong Pang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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60
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Wang Y, Yu S, Li M. Neurovascular crosstalk and cerebrovascular alterations: an underestimated therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226580. [PMID: 37692552 PMCID: PMC10491023 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development, function, and aging critically depend on unique characteristics of the cerebrovascular system. Growing evidence indicated that cerebrovascular defects can have irreversible effects on the brain, and these defects have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and anatomical changes. While extensive research has focused on the neural abnormalities underlying ASD, the role of brain vasculature in this disorder remains poorly understood. Indeed, the significance of cerebrovascular contributions to ASD has been consistently underestimated. In this work, we discuss the neurovascular crosstalk during embryonic development and highlight recent findings on cerebrovascular alterations in individuals with ASD. We also discuss the potential of vascular-based therapy for ASD. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate that ASD can be considered a neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shunyu Yu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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61
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Shi W, Ren C, Zhang W, Gao C, Yu W, Ji X, Chang L. Hypoxic Postconditioning Promotes Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2023; 526:35-47. [PMID: 37331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Although hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) has a protective effect on ischemic stroke, its effect on angiogenesis after ischemic stroke is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of HPC on angiogenesis after ischemic stroke and to preliminarily study the mechanism involved. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-intervened bEnd.3 (mouse brain-derived Endothelial cell. 3) was used to simulate cerebral ischemia. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Cell BrdU proliferation, wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were used to evaluate the effect of HPC on the cell viability, proliferation, migration (horizontal and vertical migration), morphogenesis and tube formation of bEnd.3. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made in C57 mice to simulate focal cerebral ischemia. Rod rotation test, corner test, modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and balance beam walking test were used to evaluate the effect of HPC on the neurological impairment of mice. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the effect of HPC on angiogenesis in mice. The angiogenesis-related proteins were evaluated and quantified using western blot. Results showed that HPC significantly promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of bEnd.3. HPC significantly reversed the neurological deficit of MCAO mice. Moreover, HPC significantly promoted angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area, and angiogenesis was found to be positively correlated with the improvement of neurological impairment. The HPC mice showed higher PLCλ and ALK5 than did MCAO. We conclude that HPC improves the neurological deficit caused by focal cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, the effect of HPC on improving angiogenesis may be related to PLCλ and ALK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shi
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wantong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lisha Chang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China.
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Saeki K, Pan R, Lee E, Kurotaki D, Ozato K. IRF8 configures enhancer landscape in postnatal microglia and directs microglia specific transcriptional programs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.25.546453. [PMID: 37645844 PMCID: PMC10461927 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.25.546453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain. Transcription factor IRF8 is highly expressed in microglia. However, its role in postnatal microglia development and the mechanism of action is unknown. We demonstrate here that IRF8 binds to enhancer regions of postnatal microglia in a stepwise fashion reaching a maximum after day 14, which coincided with the initiation of microglia function. Constitutive Irf8 deletion led to the loss of microglia identity gene expression and aberrant induction of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration associated genes. Conditional Irf8 deletion in adult microglia showed similar transcriptome profiles, revealing the requirement of continuous IRF8 expression. Additional genome-wide analyses showed IRF8 is critical for setting microglia-specific chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation patterns. Lastly, in the 5xFAD mouse AD model, Irf8 deletion lessened the formation and spread of amyloidβ plaques, thereby reducing neuronal loss. Together, IRF8 sets the microglia epigenome landscape, required for eliciting microglia identity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Saeki
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Richard Pan
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- MD-PhD Candidate in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 860-011 Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Kossack ME, Tian L, Bowie K, Plavicki JS. Defining the cellular complexity of the zebrafish bipotential gonad. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524593. [PMID: 36712047 PMCID: PMC9882255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are routinely used to model reproductive development, function, and disease, yet we still lack a clear understanding of the fundamental steps that occur during early bipotential gonad development, including when endothelial cells, pericytes, and macrophage cells arrive at the bipotential gonad to support gonad growth and differentiation. Here, we use a combination of transgenic reporters and single-cell sequencing analyses to define the arrival of different critical cell types to the larval zebrafish gonad. We determined that blood initially reaches the gonad via a vessel formed from the swim bladder artery, which we have termed the gonadal artery. We find that vascular and lymphatic development occurs concurrently in the bipotential zebrafish gonad and our data suggest that similar to what has been observed in developing zebrafish embryos, lymphatic endothelial cells in the gonad may be derived from vascular endothelial cells. We mined preexisting sequencing data sets to determine whether ovarian pericytes had unique gene expression signatures. We identified 215 genes that were uniquely expressed in ovarian pericytes that were not expressed in larval pericytes. Similar to what has been shown in the mouse ovary, our data suggest that pdgfrb+ pericytes may support the migration of endothelial tip cells during ovarian angiogenesis. Using a macrophage-driven photoconvertible protein, we found that macrophage established a nascent resident population as early as 12 dpf and can be observed removing cellular material during gonadal differentiation. This foundational information demonstrates that the early bipotential gonad contains complex cellular interactions, which likely shape the health and function of the mature, differentiated gonad.
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Dudley AC, Griffioen AW. Pathological angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:313-347. [PMID: 37060495 PMCID: PMC10105163 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process for growth and development. Different mechanisms such as vasculogenesis, sprouting, intussusceptive, and coalescent angiogenesis, as well as vessel co-option, vasculogenic mimicry and lymphangiogenesis, underlie the formation of new vasculature. In many pathological conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis, psoriasis, endometriosis, obesity and SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), developmental angiogenic processes are recapitulated, but are often done so without the normal feedback mechanisms that regulate the ordinary spatial and temporal patterns of blood vessel formation. Thus, pathological angiogenesis presents new challenges yet new opportunities for the design of vascular-directed therapies. Here, we provide an overview of recent insights into blood vessel development and highlight novel therapeutic strategies that promote or inhibit the process of angiogenesis to stabilize, reverse, or even halt disease progression. In our review, we will also explore several additional aspects (the angiogenic switch, hypoxia, angiocrine signals, endothelial plasticity, vessel normalization, and endothelial cell anergy) that operate in parallel to canonical angiogenesis mechanisms and speculate how these processes may also be targeted with anti-angiogenic or vascular-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Jiménez W, Edelman ER, Melgar-Lesmes P. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vascular and tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196033. [PMID: 37483594 PMCID: PMC10360188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating leukocytes of innate immunity derived from the bone marrow that interact with endothelial cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions to orchestrate inflammation, angiogenesis, or tissue remodeling. Monocytes are attracted by chemokines and specific receptors to precise areas in vessels or tissues and transdifferentiate into macrophages with tissue damage or infection. Adherent monocytes and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages locally release a myriad of cytokines, vasoactive agents, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors to induce vascular and tissue remodeling or for propagation of inflammatory responses. Infiltrated macrophages cooperate with tissue-resident macrophages during all the phases of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Substances released by infiltrated and resident macrophages serve not only to coordinate vessel and tissue growth but cellular interactions as well by attracting more circulating monocytes (e.g. MCP-1) and stimulating nearby endothelial cells (e.g. TNF-α) to expose monocyte adhesion molecules. Prolonged tissue accumulation and activation of infiltrated monocytes may result in alterations in extracellular matrix turnover, tissue functions, and vascular leakage. In this review, we highlight the link between interactions of infiltrating monocytes and endothelial cells to regulate vascular and tissue remodeling with a special focus on how these interactions contribute to pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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66
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Petry P, Oschwald A, Kierdorf K. Microglial tissue surveillance: The never-resting gardener in the developing and adult CNS. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250232. [PMID: 37042800 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunosurveillance by microglia is a dynamic process in the central nervous system (CNS) with versatile functions to maintain tissue homeostasis and provide immune defense. A tightly controlled microglia network throughout the CNS parenchyma facilitates efficient immunosurveillance, where each cell guards a certain tissue territory. Each cell is constantly surveilling its environment and the surrounding cells, screening for pathogens but also removing cell debris and metabolites, grooming neighboring cells and facilitating cellular crosstalk. In the absence of inflammation, this "tissue surveillance" by microglia presents an essential process for CNS homeostasis and development. In this review, we provide a summary on different tissue surveillance functions mediated by microglia, the underlying molecular machineries, and how defects, such as genetic mutations, can alter these surveillance mechanisms and cause disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Petry
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Oschwald
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Fruntealată RF, Marius M, Boboc IKS, Mitran SI, Ciurea ME, Stoica GA. Mechanisms of Altered Immune Response in Skin Melanoma. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:297-311. [PMID: 38314217 PMCID: PMC10832881 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, poses significant challenges to the host immune system, allowing tumor cells to evade immune surveillance and persist. This complex interplay between melanoma and the immune system involves a multitude of mechanisms that impair immune recognition and promote tumor progression. This review summarizes the intricate strategies employed by melanoma cells to evade the immune response, including defective immune recognition, immune checkpoint activation, and the role of regulatory T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and exosomes in suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets aimed at reversing immune evasion in melanoma, highlighting the importance of understanding these mechanisms for developing more effective immunotherapies. Improved insights into the interactions between melanoma and the immune system will aid in the development of novel treatment strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matei Marius
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Marius Eugen Ciurea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - George-Alin Stoica
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Cheng Y, Zhong X, Nie X, Gu H, Wu X, Li R, Wu Y, Lv K, Leung GPH, Fu C, Lee SMY, Zhang J, Li J. Glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting M2-like macrophage polarization via activating JNK1/2 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154757. [PMID: 37011418 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer metastasis is leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been considered as potential targets for treating breast cancer metastasis because they promote tumor growth and development. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the most important phytochemicals of licorice which has shown promising anti-cancer efficacies in pre-clinical trials. However, the regulatory effect of GA on the polarization of TAMs remains elusive. PURPOSE To investigate the role of GA in regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages and inhibiting breast cancer metastasis, and to further explore its underlying mechanisms of action. STUDY DESIGN IL-4 / IL-13-treated RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells were used as the M2-polarized macrophages in vitro. A 4T1 mouse breast cancer model and the tail vein breast cancer metastasis model were applied to study the effect of GA on breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that GA significantly inhibited IL-4 / IL 13-induced M2-like polarization in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages without affecting M1-like polarization. GA strongly decreased the expression of M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arg-1, and reduced the levels of the pro-angiogenic molecules VEGF, MMP9, MMP2 and IL-10 in M2 macrophages. GA also increased the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in M2 macrophages. Moreover, GA significantly suppressed M2 macrophage-induced cell proliferation and migration in 4T1 cancer cells and HUVECs. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of GA on M2 macrophages were abolished by a JNK inhibitor. Animal studies showed that GA significantly suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in BALB/c mice bearing breast tumor. In tumor tissues, GA reduced the number of M2 macrophages but elevated the proportion of M1 macrophages, accompanied by activation of JNK signaling. Similar results were found in the tail vein breast cancer metastasis model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that GA could effectively suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization via activating JNK1/2 signaling. These findings indicate that GA could be served as the lead compound for the future development of anti-breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kongpeng Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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69
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Lazarov T, Juarez-Carreño S, Cox N, Geissmann F. Physiology and diseases of tissue-resident macrophages. Nature 2023; 618:698-707. [PMID: 37344646 PMCID: PMC10649266 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-derived tissue-resident macrophages are the first representatives of the haematopoietic lineage to emerge in metazoans. In mammals, resident macrophages originate from early yolk sac progenitors and are specified into tissue-specific subsets during organogenesis-establishing stable spatial and functional relationships with specialized tissue cells-and persist in adults. Resident macrophages are an integral part of tissues together with specialized cells: for instance, microglia reside with neurons in brain, osteoclasts reside with osteoblasts in bone, and fat-associated macrophages reside with white adipocytes in adipose tissue. This ancillary cell type, which is developmentally and functionally distinct from haematopoietic stem cell and monocyte-derived macrophages, senses and integrates local and systemic information to provide specialized tissue cells with the growth factors, nutrient recycling and waste removal that are critical for tissue growth, homeostasis and repair. Resident macrophages contribute to organogenesis, promote tissue regeneration following damage and contribute to tissue metabolism and defence against infectious disease. A correlate is that genetic or environment-driven resident macrophage dysfunction is a cause of degenerative, metabolic and possibly inflammatory and tumoural diseases. In this Review, we aim to provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of macrophage physiology and its importance in human diseases, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Juarez-Carreño
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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Gullotta GS, Costantino G, Sortino MA, Spampinato SF. Microglia and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An External Player in Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119144. [PMID: 37298096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system that guarantee immune surveillance and exert also a modulating role on neuronal synaptic development and function. Upon injury, microglia get activated and modify their morphology acquiring an ameboid phenotype and pro- or anti-inflammatory features. The active role of microglia in blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and their interaction with different cellular components of the BBB-endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes-are described. Here, we report the specific crosstalk of microglia with all the BBB cell types focusing in particular on the involvement of microglia in the modulation of BBB function in neuroinflammatory conditions that occur in conjunction with an acute event, such as a stroke, or in a slow neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease. The potential of microglia to exert a dual role, either protective or detrimental, depending on disease stages and environmental conditioning factors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience and Education, DISTUM, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Honma R, I T, Seki M, Iwatake M, Ogaeri T, Hasegawa K, Ohba S, Tran SD, Asahina I, Sumita Y. Immunomodulatory Macrophages Enable E-MNC Therapy for Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction. Cells 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37408251 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly developed therapy using effective-mononuclear cells (E-MNCs) is reportedly effective against radiation-damaged salivary glands (SGs) due to anti-inflammatory and revascularization effects. However, the cellular working mechanism of E-MNC therapy in SGs remains to be elucidated. In this study, E-MNCs were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) by culture for 5-7 days in medium supplemented with five specific recombinant proteins (5G-culture). We analyzed the anti-inflammatory characteristics of macrophage fraction of E-MNCs using a co-culture model with CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMNCs. To test therapeutic efficacy in vivo, either E-MNCs or E-MNCs depleted of CD11b-positive cells were transplanted intraglandularly into mice with radiation-damaged SGs. Following transplantation, SG function recovery and immunohistochemical analyses of harvested SGs were assessed to determine if CD11b-positive macrophages contributed to tissue regeneration. The results indicated that CD11b/CD206-positive (M2-like) macrophages were specifically induced in E-MNCs during 5G-culture, and Msr1- and galectin3-positive cells (immunomodulatory macrophages) were predominant. CD11b-positive fraction of E-MNCs significantly inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes in CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMNCs. Transplanted E-MNCs exhibited a therapeutic effect on saliva secretion and reduced tissue fibrosis in radiation-damaged SGs, whereas E-MNCs depleted of CD11b-positive cells and radiated controls did not. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed HMGB1 phagocytosis and IGF1 secretion by CD11b/Msr1-positive macrophages from both transplanted E-MNCs and host M2-macrophages. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerative effects observed in E-MNC therapy against radiation-damaged SGs can be partly explained by the immunomodulatory effect of M2-dominant macrophage fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Honma
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi I
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogaeri
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kayo Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Seigo Ohba
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Simon D Tran
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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72
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Hattori Y. The multifaceted roles of embryonic microglia in the developing brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:988952. [PMID: 37252188 PMCID: PMC10213237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.988952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia originate from erythromyeloid progenitors in the yolk sac at the early embryonic stage, and these progenitors then colonize the CNS through extensive migration and proliferation during development. Microglia account for 10% of all cells in the adult brain, whereas the proportion of these cells in the embryonic brain is only 0.5-1.0%. Nevertheless, microglia in the developing brain widely move their cell body within the structure by extending filopodia; thus, they can interact with surrounding cells, such as neural lineage cells and vascular-structure-composing cells. This active microglial motility suggests that embryonic microglia play a pivotal role in brain development. Indeed, recent increasing evidence has revealed diverse microglial functions at the embryonic stage. For example, microglia control differentiation of neural stem cells, regulate the population size of neural progenitors and modulate the positioning and function of neurons. Moreover, microglia exert functions not only on neural lineage cells but also on blood vessels, such as supporting vascular formation and integrity. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of microglial cellular dynamics and multifaceted functions in the developing brain, with particular focus on the embryonic stage, and discusses the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying their behavior.
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73
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Jiang Y, Liu X, Ye J, Ma Y, Mao J, Feng D, Wang X. Migrasomes, a new mode of intercellular communication. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:105. [PMID: 37158915 PMCID: PMC10165304 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrasomes are newly discovered extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are formed in migrating cells and mediate intercellular communication. However, their size, biological generation, cargo packaging, transport, and effects on recipient cells by migrasomes are different from those of other EVs. In addition to mediating organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation, discarding damaged mitochondria, and lateral transport of mRNA and proteins, growing evidence has demonstrated that migrasomes mediate a variety of pathological processes. In this review, we summarize the discovery, mechanisms of formation, isolation, identification, and mediation of cellular communication in migrasomes. We discuss migrasome-mediated disease processes, such as osteoclast differentiation, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, tumor cell metastasis by PD-L1 transport, immune cell chemotaxis to the site of infection by chemokines, angiogenesis promotion via angiogenic factors by immune cells, and leukemic cells chemotaxis to the site of mesenchymal stromal cells. Moreover, as new EVs, we propose the potential of migrasomes for disease diagnosis and treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jixian Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, 500 Avenue Jintan, Jintan, 213200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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74
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Risser GE, Machour M, Hernaez-Estrada B, Li D, Levenberg S, Spiller KL. Effects of Interleukin-4 (IL-4)-releasing microparticles and adoptive transfer of macrophages on immunomodulation and angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122095. [PMID: 36989737 PMCID: PMC10085857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are major regulators of angiogenesis in response to injury, but the mechanisms behind their diverse and phenotypically specific functions are still poorly understood. In particular, the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on macrophage behavior have been well studied in vitro, but it remains unclear whether the release of IL-4 from biomaterials can be used to control macrophage phenotype and subsequent effects on angiogenesis in vivo. We used the murine hindlimb ischemia model to investigate the effects of IL-4-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles co-delivered with IL-4-polarized macrophages on host macrophage phenotype and angiogenesis in vivo. We established a minimum dose of IL-4 required to modulate macrophage phenotype in vivo and evaluated effects on macrophage subpopulation diversity using multidimensional flow cytometry and pseudotime analysis. The delivery of IL-4-releasing microparticles did not affect the density or size of blood vessels as measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, but it did increase perfused tissue volume as measured by 3D microcomputed tomography (microCT). In contrast, the co-delivery of IL-4-releasing microparticles and exogenously IL-4-polarized macrophages increased the size of blood vessels as measured by IHC, but without effects on perfused tissue volume via microCT. These effects occurred in spite of low recovery of adoptively transferred macrophages at 4 days after administration. Spatial analysis of macrophage-blood vessel interactions via IHC showed that macrophages closely interacted with blood vessels, which was slightly influenced by treatment, and that blood vessel size was positively correlated with number of macrophages in close proximity. Altogether, these findings indicate that delivery of IL-4-releasing microparticles and exogenously IL-4-polarized macrophages can be beneficial for angiogenesis, but further mechanistic investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Risser
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Beatriz Hernaez-Estrada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Shanghai Key Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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75
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Hu Y, Zhang H, Zou Q, Liu W, Li W, Yan L, Dai H. The effect of silicon groups on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of L-phenylalanine derived poly(amide-imide). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37081804 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amide-imide) (PAI), serving as a synthetic polymer, has been widely used in industry for excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and high thermal stability. However, lack of suitable cell niche and biological activity limited the further application of PAI in biomedical engineering. Herein, silicon modified L-phenylalanine derived poly(amide-imide) (PAIS) was synthesized by introducing silica to L-phenylalanine derived PAI to improve physicochemical and biological performances. The influence of silicon amount on physicochemical, immune, and angiogenic performances of PAIS were systemically studied. The results show that PAIS exerts excellent hydrophilic, mechanical, biological activity. PAIS shows no effects on the number of macrophages, but can regulate macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. This study advanced our understanding of silicon modification in PAI can modulate cell responses via initiating silicon concentration regulation. The acquired knowledge will provide a new strategy to design and optimize biomedical PAI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lesan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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76
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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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77
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Chen S, Li J, Meng S, He T, Shi Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Cao H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Gao Y. Microglia and macrophages in the neuro-glia-vascular unit: From identity to functions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106066. [PMID: 36889483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although both are myeloid cells located surrounding cerebral vasculature, vessel-associated microglia (VAM) and perivascular macrophages (PVMs) can be distinguished by their distinct morphologies, signatures and microscopic location. As key component of neuro-glia-vascular unit (NGVU), they play prominent roles in neurovasculature development and pathological process of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including phagocytosis, angiogenesis, vessel damage/protection and blood flow regulation, therefore serving as potential targets for therapeutics of a broad array of CNS diseases. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive overview of heterogeneity of VAM/PVMs, highlight limitations of current understanding in this field, and discuss possible directions of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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78
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Bayless KJ. Direct Involvement of CD8 + T Cells in Retinal Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:537-539. [PMID: 36947606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
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79
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Caruso G, Di Pietro L, Caraci F. Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030505. [PMID: 36979440 PMCID: PMC10046203 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent the immune system of the brain. Their role is central in two phenomena, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at the roots of different pathologies related to the central nervous system (CNS). In order to maintain the homeostasis of the brain and re-establish the equilibrium after a threatening imbalance, microglia communicate with each other and other cells within the CNS by receiving specific signals through membrane-bound receptors and then releasing neurotrophic factors into either the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytoplasm of nearby cells, such as astrocytes and neurons. These last two mechanisms rely on the activity of protein structures that enable the formation of channels in the membrane, namely, connexins and pannexins, that group and form gap junctions, hemichannels, and pannexons. These channels allow the release of gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, together with calcium ion (Ca2+), that seem to play a pivotal role in inter-cellular communication. The aim of the present review is focused on the physiology of channel protein complexes and their contribution to neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related phenomena, which play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders. We will then discuss how pharmacological modulation of these channels can impact neuroinflammatory phenomena and hypothesize that currently available nutraceuticals, such as carnosine and N-acetylcysteine, can modulate the activity of connexins and pannexins in microglial cells and reduce oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957385036
| | - Lucia Di Pietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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80
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Bhargava R, Li H, Tsokos GC. Pathogenesis of lupus nephritis: the contribution of immune and kidney resident cells. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:107-116. [PMID: 35797522 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lupus nephritis is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. We lack effective therapeutics and biomarkers mostly because of our limited understanding of its complex pathogenesis. We aim to present an overview of the recent advances in the field to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified distinct roles for each resident kidney cell in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Podocytes share many elements of innate and adaptive immune cells and they can present antigens and participate in the formation of crescents in coordination with parietal epithelial cells. Mesangial cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and secrete extracellular matrix contributing to glomerular fibrosis. Tubular epithelial cells modulate the milieu of the interstitium to promote T cell infiltration and formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Modulation of specific genes in kidney resident cells can ward off the effectors of the autoimmune response including autoantibodies, cytokines and immune cells. SUMMARY The development of lupus nephritis is multifactorial involving genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers and systemic inflammation. However, the role of resident kidney cells in the development of lupus nephritis is becoming more defined and distinct. More recent studies point to the restoration of kidney resident cell function using cell targeted approaches to prevent and treat lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard, Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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81
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van Elsas MJ, Labrie C, Etzerodt A, Charoentong P, van Stigt Thans JJC, Van Hall T, van der Burg SH. Invasive margin tissue-resident macrophages of high CD163 expression impede responses to T cell-based immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006433. [PMID: 36914207 PMCID: PMC10016286 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and secondary resistance is a major hurdle in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in immunotherapy resistance is of pivotal importance to improve therapy outcome. METHOD Here, two mouse models with resistance against therapeutic vaccine-induced tumor regression were studied. Exploration of the tumor microenvironment by high dimensional flow cytometry in combination with therapeutic in vivo settings allowed for the identification of immunological factors driving immunotherapy resistance. RESULTS Comparison of the tumor immune infiltrate during early and late regression revealed a change from tumor-rejecting toward tumor-promoting macrophages. In concert, a rapid exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells was observed. Perturbation studies identified a small but discernible CD163hi macrophage population, with high expression of several tumor-promoting macrophage markers and a functional anti-inflammatory transcriptome profile, but not other macrophages, to be responsible. In-depth analyses revealed that they localize at the tumor invasive margins and are more resistant to Csf1r inhibition when compared with other macrophages. In vivo studies validated the activity of heme oxygenase-1 as an underlying mechanism of immunotherapy resistance. The transcriptomic profile of CD163hi macrophages is highly similar to a human monocyte/macrophage population, indicating that they represent a target to improve immunotherapy efficacy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a small population of CD163hi tissue-resident macrophages is identified to be responsible for primary and secondary resistance against T-cell-based immunotherapies. While these CD163hi M2 macrophages are resistant to Csf1r-targeted therapies, in-depth characterization and identification of the underlying mechanisms driving immunotherapy resistance allows the specific targeting of this subset of macrophages, thereby creating new opportunities for therapeutic intervention with the aim to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit J van Elsas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Labrie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pornpimol Charoentong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jordi J C van Stigt Thans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald Van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gnanaguru G, Tabor SJ, Bonilla GM, Sadreyev R, Yuda K, Köhl J, Connor KM. Microglia refine developing retinal astrocytic and vascular networks through the complement C3/C3aR axis. Development 2023; 150:dev201047. [PMID: 36762625 PMCID: PMC10110418 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, a resident immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in facilitating neurovascular development through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Previous reports indicate a role for microglia in regulating astrocyte density. This current work resolves the mechanism through which microglia facilitate astrocyte spatial patterning and superficial vascular bed formation in the neuroretina during development. Ablation of microglia increased astrocyte density and altered spatial patterning. Mechanistically, we show that microglia regulate the formation of the spatially organized astrocyte template required for subsequent vascular growth, through the complement C3/C3aR axis during neuroretinal development. Lack of C3 or C3aR hindered the developmental phagocytic removal of astrocyte bodies and resulted in increased astrocyte density. In addition, increased astrocyte density was associated with elevated proangiogenic extracellular matrix gene expression in C3- and C3aR-deficient retinas, resulting in increased vascular density. These data demonstrate that microglia regulate developmental astrocyte and vascular network spatial patterning in the neuroretina via the complement axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven J. Tabor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gracia M. Bonilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kentaro Yuda
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kip M. Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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83
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Yu J, Shen Y, Luo J, Jin J, Li P, Feng P, Guan H. Upadacitinib inhibits corneal inflammation and neovascularization by suppressing M1 macrophage infiltration in the corneal alkali burn model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109680. [PMID: 36739832 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and subsequent corneal neovascularization (CNV) are major causes of corneal opacity and vision loss. M1 macrophages play a central role in inflammation and CNV. Therefore, modulation of M1 macrophage polarization is a promising strategy for corneal alkali burns. Here, we illustrate the effect and underlying mechanisms of upadacitinib on corneal inflammation and CNV induced by alkali burns in mice. The corneas of BALB/c mice were administered with 1 M NaOH for 30 s and randomly assigned to the vehicle group and the upadacitinib-treated group. Corneal opacity and corneal epithelial defects were assessed clinically. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed to detect M1 macrophage polarization and CD31+ corneal blood vessels. The results showed that upadacitinib notably decreased corneal opacity, and promoted corneal wound healing. On day 7 and 14 after alkali burns, upadacitinib significantly suppressed CNV. Corneal alkali injury caused M1 macrophage recruitment in the cornea. In contrast to the vehicle, upadacitinib suppressed M1 macrophage infiltration and decreased the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in alkali-injured corneas. Moreover, upadacitinib dose-dependently inhibited M1 macrophage polarization by suppressing interferon (IFN)-γ-/lipopolysaccharide-stimulated STAT1 activation in vitro. Our findings reveal that upadacitinib can efficiently alleviate alkali-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization by inhibiting M1 macrophage infiltration. These data demonstrate that upadacitinib is an effective drug for the treatment of corneal alkali burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Peida Feng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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84
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Xu H, Zhu Y, Hsiao AWT, Xu J, Tong W, Chang L, Zhang X, Chen YF, Li J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Chan HF, Lee CW. Bioactive glass-elicited stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate M2 macrophage polarization and angiogenesis to improve tendon regeneration and functional recovery. Biomaterials 2023; 294:121998. [PMID: 36641814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective countermeasures for tendon injury remains unsatisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs)-based therapy via regulation of Mφ-mediated angiogenesis has emerged as a promising strategy for tissue regeneration. Still, approaches to tailor the functions of EVs to treat tendon injuries have been limited. We reported a novel strategy by applying MSC-EVs boosted with bioactive glasses (BG). BG-elicited EVs (EVB) showed up-regulation of medicinal miRNAs, including miR-199b-3p and miR-125a-5p, which play a pivotal role in M2 Mφ-mediated angiogenesis. EVB accelerated angiogenesis via the reprogrammed anti-inflammatory M2 Mφs compared with naïve MSC-EVs (EVN). In rodent Achilles tendon rupture model, EVB local administration activated anti-inflammatory responses via M2 polarization and led to a spatial correlation between M2 Mφs and newly formed blood vessels. Our results showed that EVB outperformed EVN in promoting tenogenesis and in reducing detrimental morphological changes without causing heterotopic ossification. Biomechanical test revealed that EVB significantly improved ultimate load, stiffness, and tensile modulus of the repaired tendon, along with a positive correlation between M2/M1 ratio and biomechanical properties. On the basis of the boosted nature to reprogram regenerative microenvironment, EVB holds considerable potential to be developed as a next-generation therapeutic modality for enhancing functional regeneration to achieve satisfying tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yanlun Zhu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Allen Wei-Ting Hsiao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Liang Chang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xuerao Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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85
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Tanikawa S, Ebisu Y, Sedlačík T, Semba S, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Hirota A, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi K, Imajo M, Kato H, Nishimura T, Tanei ZI, Tsuda M, Nemoto T, Gong JP, Tanaka S. Engineering of an electrically charged hydrogel implanted into a traumatic brain injury model for stepwise neuronal tissue reconstruction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2233. [PMID: 36788295 PMCID: PMC9929269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration is extremely difficult to achieve. In traumatic brain injuries, the loss of brain parenchyma volume hinders neural regeneration. In this study, neuronal tissue engineering was performed by using electrically charged hydrogels composed of cationic and anionic monomers in a 1:1 ratio (C1A1 hydrogel), which served as an effective scaffold for the attachment of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the 3D environment of porous C1A1 hydrogels engineered by the cryogelation technique, NSCs differentiated into neuroglial cells. The C1A1 porous hydrogel was implanted into brain defects in a mouse traumatic damage model. The VEGF-immersed C1A1 porous hydrogel promoted host-derived vascular network formation together with the infiltration of macrophages/microglia and astrocytes into the gel. Furthermore, the stepwise transplantation of GFP-labeled NSCs supported differentiation towards glial and neuronal cells. Therefore, this two-step method for neural regeneration may become a new approach for therapeutic brain tissue reconstruction after brain damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanikawa
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuki Ebisu
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomáš Sedlačík
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Hirota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Taiga Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masamichi Imajo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hinako Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, Japan, 001-0021
| | - Takuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, Japan, 001-0021
| | - Zen-Ichi Tanei
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
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86
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Hao Z, Qi W, Sun J, Zhou M, Guo N. Review: Research progress of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of chronic wounds. Front Chem 2023; 11:1094693. [PMID: 36860643 PMCID: PMC9968763 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1094693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although methods are used to treat wounds clinically, there are still many challenges in the treatment of chronic wounds due to excessive inflammatory response, difficulties in epithelialization, vascularization, and other factors. With the increasing research on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that ADSCs scan promotes the healing of chronic wounds by regulating macrophage function and cellular immunity and promoting angiogenesis and epithelialization. The present study reviewed the difficulties in the treatment of chronic wounds, as well as the advantages and the mechanism of ADSCs in promoting the healing of chronic wounds, to provide a reference for the stem cell therapy of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muran Zhou
- *Correspondence: Muran Zhou, ; Nengqiang Guo,
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87
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Frade BB, Dias RB, Gemini Piperni S, Bonfim DC. The role of macrophages in fracture healing: a narrative review of the recent updates and therapeutic perspectives. Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 36817259 PMCID: PMC9936163 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective This review addresses the latest advances in research on the role of macrophages in fracture healing, exploring their relationship with failures in bone consolidation and the perspectives for the development of advanced and innovative therapies to promote bone regeneration. Background The bone can fully restore its form and function after a fracture. However, the regenerative process of fracture healing is complex and is influenced by several factors, including macrophage activity. These cells have been found in the fracture site at all stages of bone regeneration, and their general depletion or the knockdown of receptors that mediate their differentiation, polarization, and/or function result in impaired fracture healing. Methods The literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, using combinations of the keywords "macrophage", "fracture healing, "bone regeneration", and "bone repair". Articles published within the last years (2017-2022) reporting evidence from in vivo long bone fracture healing experiments were included. Conclusions Studies published in the last five years on the role of macrophages in fracture healing strengthened the idea that what appears to be essential when it comes to a successful consolidation is the right balance between the M1/M2 populations, which have different but complementary roles in the process. These findings opened promising new avenues for the development of several macrophage-targeted therapies, including the administration of molecules and/or biomaterials intended to regulate macrophage differentiation and polarization, the local transplantation of macrophage precursors, and the use of exosomes to deliver signaling molecules that influence macrophage activities. However, more research is still warranted to better understand the diversity of macrophage phenotypes and their specific roles in each step of fracture healing and to decipher the key molecular mechanisms involved in the in vivo crosstalk between macrophages and other microenvironmental cell types, such as endothelial and skeletal stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Braga Frade
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;,Postgraduation Program in Biological Sciences-Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhayra Braga Dias
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;,Postgraduation Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Gemini Piperni
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Nanostructured Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cabral Bonfim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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88
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Research Progress of Macrophages in Bone Regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1512966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration plays an increasingly important role in contemporary clinical treatment. The reconstruction of bone defects remains a huge challenge for clinicians. Bone regeneration is regulated by the immune system, in which inflammation is an important regulating factor in bone formation and remodeling. As the main cells involved in inflammation, macrophages play a key role in osteogenesis by polarizing into different phenotypes during different stages of bone regeneration. Considering this, this review mainly summarizes the function of macrophage in bone regeneration based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and vascular cells. In conclusion, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) have a greater potentiality to promote bone regeneration than M0 and classically activated proinflammatory macrophages (M1). In the fracture and bone defect models, tissue engineering materials can induce the transition from M1 to M2, alter the bone microenvironment, and promote bone regeneration through interactions with bone-related cells and blood vessels. The review provides a further understanding of macrophage polarization behavior in the evolving field of bone immunology.
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89
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Jardine L, Schim van der Loeff I, Haq IJ, Sproat TDR. Gestational Development of the Human Immune System. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:1-15. [PMID: 36410996 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Building an immune system is a monumental task critical to the survival of the fetus and newborn. A functional fetal immune system must complement the maternal immune system in handling in utero infection; abstain from damaging non-self-reactions that would compromise the materno-fetal interface; mobilize in response to infection and equip mucosal tissues for pathogen exposure at birth. There is growing appreciation that immune cells also have noncanonical roles in development and specifically may contribute to tissue morphogenesis. In this review we detail how hematopoietic and lymphoid organs jointly establish cellular constituents of the immune system; how these constituents are organized in 2 mucosal sites-gut and lung-where early life immune function has long-term consequences for health; and how exemplar diseases of prematurity and inborn errors of immunity reveal dominant pathways in prenatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Iram J Haq
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D R Sproat
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
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90
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Hattori Y. The microglia-blood vessel interactions in the developing brain. Neurosci Res 2023; 187:58-66. [PMID: 36167249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Once microglial progenitors are generated in the yolk sac, these cells enter the CNS and colonize its structures by migrating and proliferating during development. Although the microglial population in the CNS is still low in this stage compared to adults, these cells can associate with many surrounding cells, such as neural lineage cells and vascular-structure-composing cells, by extending their filopodia and with their broad migration capacity. Previous studies revealed multifaceted microglial actions on neural lineage cells, such as regulating the differentiation of neural progenitors and modulating neuronal positioning. Notably, microglia not only act on neural lineage cells but also interact with blood vessels, for example, by supporting vascular formation and integrity. On the other hand, blood vessels contribute to microglial colonization into the CNS and their migration at local tissues. Importantly, pericytes, the cells that encompass vascular endothelial cells, have been suggested to play a profound role in microglial function. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the interaction of microglia and blood vessels, especially focusing on the significance of this interaction in CNS development, and discusses how microglial and blood vessel dysfunction leads to developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hattori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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91
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Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020276. [PMID: 36672212 PMCID: PMC9856654 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, a better understanding of the functionality of macrophages opens perspectives for potential guidance and modulation to turn inflammation into regeneration. Such knowledge may help to improve not only the biocompatibility of scaffold materials but also the integration, maturation, and preservation of scaffold-cell constructs or induce regeneration. Nowadays, macrophages are classified into two subpopulations, the classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) with pro-inflammatory properties and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) with anti-inflammatory properties. The present narrative review gives an overview of the different functions of macrophages and summarizes the recent state of knowledge regarding different types of macrophages and their functions, with special emphasis on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
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92
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Paguaga ME, Penn JS, Uddin MDI. A novel optical imaging probe for targeted visualization of NLRP3 inflammasomes in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1047791. [PMID: 36703888 PMCID: PMC9871584 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1047791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wet form of age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a progressive vascular disease that mainly affects older adults and causes severe and irreversible vision loss. A key complication of wet AMD is choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which may be driven in part by NLRP3 inflammasomes that are associated with macrophages migration to CNV lesions. Since activated NLRP3 is correlated with CNV, visualizing NLRP3 inflammasomes and their associated macrophages is of great interest to monitor wet AMD progression and develop effective therapies against it. However, to the best of our knowledge, current ophthalmic imaging systems do not permit such targeted imaging. Therefore, in this study, we developed InflammaProbe-1, an optical imaging probe for targeted visualization of NLRP3 inflammasomes in CNV lesions. Methods InflammaProbe-1 was synthesized by conjugating a clinically relevant fluorophore, Oregon Green® 488, to the selective NLRP3 inhibitor, CY-09. The ability of InflammaProbe-1 to target NLRP3 was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by comparing its ability to inhibit NLRP3-mediated secretion of IL-1β to that of CY-09 in LPS-primed and nigericin-stimulated BMDMs. In vitro confocal imaging of NLRP3 was performed on InflammaProbe-1-stained BMDMs that had been induced to express NLRP3 with LPS. In vivo imaging of NLRP3 was conducted on mouse laser induced choroidal neovascularization (LCNV), a model of AMD, 6 h after an intraperitoneal injection of InflammaProbe-1 at 10 mg/kg on day 4 post-LCNV. Results InflammaProbe-1 was just as effective as CY-09 at inhibiting IL-1β secretion (p < 0.01 at 10 μM for both the InflammaProbe-1 and CY-09 groups relative to the control). InflammaProbe-1-stained BMDMs that had been induced to express NLRP3 showed significantly brighter fluorescence than untreated cells (p < 0.0001 for LPS treatment group and p < 0.001 for LPS and nigericin treatment group). Furthermore, in vivo molecular imaging of NLRP3 was achieved in mouse LCNV. Conclusion We propose that InflammaProbe-1 may be a useful molecular imaging probe to monitor the onset, progression, and therapeutic response of AMD and other NLRP3-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell E. Paguaga
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John S. Penn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - MD Imam Uddin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: MD Imam Uddin,
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93
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Apeldoorn C, Safaei S, Paton J, Maso Talou GD. Computational models for generating microvascular structures: Investigations beyond medical imaging resolution. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1579. [PMID: 35880683 PMCID: PMC10077909 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and pruning are revascularization processes essential to our natural vascular development and adaptation, as well as central players in the onset and development of pathologies such as tumoral growth and stroke recovery. Computational modeling allows for repeatable experimentation and exploration of these complex biological processes. In this review, we provide an introduction to the biological understanding of the vascular adaptation processes of sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, anastomosis, pruning, and arteriogenesis, discussing some of the more significant contributions made to the computational modeling of these processes. Each computational model represents a theoretical framework for how biology functions, and with rises in computing power and study of the problem these frameworks become more accurate and complete. We highlight physiological, pathological, and technological applications that can be benefit from the advances performed by these models, and we also identify which elements of the biology are underexplored in the current state-of-the-art computational models. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Apeldoorn
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Soroush Safaei
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julian Paton
- Cardiovascular Autonomic Research Cluster, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gonzalo D Maso Talou
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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94
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The imbalance of circulating monocyte subgroups with a higher proportion of the CD14+CD16+CD163+ phenotype in patients with preeclampsia. Immunol Lett 2023; 253:1-7. [PMID: 36460232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a major cause of increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, which is closely related to the abnormal maternal immune response. The skew of decidual macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype has been proved to promote the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, it's not easy to monitor the change of decidual macrophage subtypes. The current study aims to examine the distribution of different circulating monocyte subtypes and analyze whether certain monocyte subtypes act as potential clinical indicators for preeclampsia. METHODS A total of 50 pregnant women [mild preeclampsia (n = 20); severe preeclampsia (n = 15); healthy pregnancy (n = 15)] and 15 healthy donors were included in the study. Medical information such as BMI, blood pressure, ALT, creatinine, thrombocyte, etc., were recorded. The frequency of different monocyte subtypes in venous blood were measured by flow cytometry. Serum level of IL-6 was detected using Roche-Hitachi cobas 8000. Serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS A circulating monocyte subset with both M1 and M2 markers (CD14+CD16+CD163+) was found to occupy an obvious higher proportion in the preeclampsia group than in the normal pregnancy group. The ratio of CD206+/CD206- M2-like monocytes was also increased in the preeclampsia group, and meanwhile, it had statistic difference between the mild- and the severe-preeclampsia group. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with the frequency of CD14+CD16+CD163+ intermediate monocytes in the preeclampsia group. CONCLUSIONS The increased proportion of CD14+C16+CD163+ circulating monocytes and the high ratio of CD206+/CD206- M2-like monocytes may act as potential clinical indicators for preeclampsia, with the superiority of convenience and dynamic monitoring.
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95
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Sueyoshi Y, Niwa A, Nishikawa Y, Isogai N. The significance of nanofiber polyglycolic acid for promoting tissue repair in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:16-25. [PMID: 35833260 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Among various biomaterials, we focused on nanofiber-based polyglycolic acid (PGA) fabric and examined the dynamics of cells that migrate within the non-woven fabric after implantation. The efficacy of nano-PGA as a tissue reinforcement in the process of subcutaneous tissue repair was immunohistochemically investigated. Two types of clinically available PGA non-woven sheet (nano-PGA: fiber diameter = 2.0 μm, conventional PGA: fiber diameter = 14.2 μm) were used and subcutaneously implanted in rats. Samples were collected 3 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the implantation to perform histological and immunohistochemical (CD68, CD163, α-SMA, Type I collagen, CD34, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF, IgG) examinations to assess the expression of molecules related to inflammation or tissue repair. Immunohistochemical analysis in nano-PGA revealed that the intensity and positive cells (CD68, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α) significantly increased which indicated an early inflammatory response. This was followed by phagocytosis of nano-PGA with foreign body giant cells and CD68+ macrophages. Finally, the number of proliferating cells (CD163, α-SMA, TGF-β) and angiogenesis (CD34, VEGF) for tissue repair promoted the formation of collagen fibers (type I collagen). Unlike nano-PGA, implantation of conventional PGA sheet resulted in a prolonged inflammatory response and was characterized by the presence of discontinuous collagen fibers with many foreign body giant cells, which did not lead to tissue repair. Nano-PGA sheets demonstrated a better tissue compatibility compared with conventional PGA by inducing early polarization to M2 phenotype macrophages, which triggered subsequent angiogenesis and tissue repair in the subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sueyoshi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishikawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Noritaka Isogai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
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96
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Var SR, Strell P, Johnson ST, Roman A, Vasilakos Z, Low WC. Transplanting Microglia for Treating CNS Injuries and Neurological Diseases and Disorders, and Prospects for Generating Exogenic Microglia. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231171001. [PMID: 37254858 PMCID: PMC10236244 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are associated with a wide range of both neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory functions in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and throughout lifespan. Chronically activated and dysfunctional microglia are found in many diseases and disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and CNS-related injuries, and can accelerate or worsen the condition. Transplantation studies designed to replace and supplement dysfunctional microglia with healthy microglia offer a promising strategy for addressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and pathologies. This review will cover microglial involvement in neurological diseases and disorders and CNS-related injuries, current microglial transplantation strategies, and different approaches and considerations for generating exogenic microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical
School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phoebe Strell
- Stem Cell Institute, Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sether T. Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical
School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alex Roman
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zoey Vasilakos
- Stem Cell Institute, Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical
School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Oyetayo NS, Kodie DO, Nwakasi MI, Afolabi OO, Jarikre TA, Eyarefe OD, Emikpe BO. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing potentials of Nigerian Bee Propolis flavonoid extract on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in albino rats (Wistar Strains). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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98
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Zhao QY, Li QH, Fu YY, Ren CE, Jiang AF, Meng YH. Decidual macrophages in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994888. [PMID: 36569856 PMCID: PMC9781943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as two or more pregnancy loss, affecting the happiness index of fertility couples. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of RSA are not clear to date. The primary problem for the maternal immune system is how to establish and maintain the immune tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetuses. During the pregnancy, decidual macrophages mainly play an important role in the immunologic dialogue. The purpose of this study is to explore decidual macrophages, and to understand whether there is a connection between these cells and RSA by analyzing their phenotypes and functions. Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase were searched. The eligibility criterion for this review was evaluating the literature about the pregnancy and macrophages. Any disagreement between the authors was resolved upon discussion and if required by the judgment of the corresponding author. We summarized the latest views on the phenotype, function and dysfunction of decidual macrophages to illuminate its relationship with RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Han Meng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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99
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Zhang C, Li T, Yin S, Gao M, He H, Li Y, Jiang D, Shi M, Wang J, Yu L. Monocytes deposit migrasomes to promote embryonic angiogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1726-1738. [PMID: 36443426 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pro-angiogenic factors are key regulators of angiogenesis. Here we report that highly migratory cells patrol the area of capillary formation in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. These cells deposit migrasomes on their migration tracks, creating migrasome-enriched areas. Single-cell sequencing identified these cells as monocytes. Depletion of monocytes impairs capillary formation. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis reveals that monocyte migrasomes are enriched with pro-angiogenic factors. Purified migrasomes promote capillary formation and monocyte recruitment in vivo, and endothelial cell tube formation and monocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Knockdown or knockout of TSPAN4 reduces migrasome formation and impairs capillary formation and monocyte recruitment. Mechanistically, monocytes promote angiogenesis via VEGFA and CXCL12 in migrasomes. In summary, monocytes deposit migrasomes enriched in pro-angiogenic factors to promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Helen He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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100
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Knopp RC, Banks WA, Erickson MA. Physical associations of microglia and the vascular blood-brain barrier and their importance in development, health, and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102648. [PMID: 36347075 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells (BEC) of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) interact with many different cell types in the brain, including microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. Physical associations of microglia with the BBB and the importance of these interactions in health and disease are an emerging area of study and likely involved in neuroimmune communication. In this mini-review, we consider how microglia and the BBB are intrinsically linked in the developing brain, discuss possible mechanisms that attract microglia to the vasculature in healthy physiological conditions, and examine the known microglial-vascular associated changes in systemic infection and various disease states. Our findings shed light on the complexities of microglial-vascular interactions and highlight the contributions of microglia to the functions of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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