51
|
Lin CC, Chen WJ, Liaw SF, Lin MW, Lin SC. Effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition in brown Norway rats after repeated allergen challenge. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:42-53. [PMID: 31064232 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1610116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of aminophylline on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Materials and methods: Two experimental groups of brown Norway rats that were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were given oral aminophylline (OA-aminophylline group) or saline only (OA-saline group). A third group was challenged by saline as a control. The rats were anesthetized and pulmonary function were performed. Immuno-histochemical staining of epithelial markers (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin) in the airway were performed. The protein expressions of ZO-1, E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK were examined by western blot. Results: Aminophylline had beneficial effects on airway inflammation, and airway remodeling in the OA-aminophylline group compared to the OA-saline group. The OA-saline group had decreased ZO-1 but increased vimentin according to immuno-histochemical staining. The protein expression indicated decreases in ZO-1 and E-cadherin but increases in vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK in comparison to the other two groups. The OA-aminophylline group had higher ZO-1 but lower vimentin in immuno-histochemical staining compared to the OA-saline group. The protein expression showed higher ZO-1 and E-cadherin but lower vimentin, fibronectine, TGF-ß1, SMAD 2/3, JNK, and p38 MAPK when compared to the OA-saline group. Conclusions: Ovalbumin increases airway remodeling and airway EMT. Aminophylline is effective in preventing airway remodeling and airway EMT in Brown Norway rats after repeated allergen challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ji Chen
- b Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Lukang Christian Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fang Liaw
- c Department of Medical Research , Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Wei Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chi Lin
- a Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yeh YC, Lin HH, Tang MJ. Dichotomy of the function of DDR1 in cells and disease progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118473. [PMID: 30954568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors DDR1 and DDR2 are collagen receptor tyrosine kinases that have many roles in tissue development and disease progression. Under physiological conditions, DDR1 is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells and functions to maintain cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. A switch in expression from DDR1 to DDR2 occurs during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, opposite effects of DDR1 are reported to be involved in the progression of cancer and fibrotic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that DDR1 is involved in pro-metastasis and pro-survival signals. This review summarizes the roles of DDR1 in epithelial cell differentiation, cell migration, cancer progression and tissues fibrosis and highlights how the dichotomous functions of DDR1 may relevant to different cell types and statues. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the dichotomous functions of DDR1 will help to develop DDR1 as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hui Lin
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Pirfenidone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis in the rat silicosis model. Toxicol Lett 2019; 300:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
54
|
Yeldag G, Rice A, Del Río Hernández A. Chemoresistance and the Self-Maintaining Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E471. [PMID: 30487436 PMCID: PMC6315745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer is associated with alterations in the tumor microenvironment, including changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, matrix rigidity, hypervascularization, hypoxia, and paracrine factors. One key malignant phenotype of cancer cells is their ability to resist chemotherapeutics, and elements of the ECM can promote chemoresistance in cancer cells through a variety of signaling pathways, inducing changes in gene expression and protein activity that allow resistance. Furthermore, the ECM is maintained as an environment that facilitates chemoresistance, since its constitution modulates the phenotype of cancer-associated cells, which themselves affect the microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how the properties of the tumor microenvironment promote chemoresistance in cancer cells, and the interplay between these external stimuli. We focus on both the response of cancer cells to the external environment, as well as the maintenance of the external environment, and how a chemoresistant phenotype emerges from the complex signaling network present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulcen Yeldag
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Armando Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Axin2 overexpression promotes the early epithelial disintegration and fusion of facial prominences during avian lip development. Dev Genes Evol 2018; 228:197-211. [PMID: 30043120 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-018-0617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial disintegration and the mesenchymal bridging are critical steps in the fusion of facial prominences during the upper lip development. These processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and programmed cell death are mainly influenced by Wnt signals. Axis inhibition protein2 (Axin2), a major component of the Wnt pathway, has been reported to be involved in lip development and cleft pathogenesis. We wanted to study the involvement of Axin2 in the lip development, especially during the epithelial disintegration of facial prominences. Our results show that Axin2 was expressed mainly in the epithelium of facial prominences and decreased when the prominences were about to contact each other between Hamburger-Hamilton stages 27 and 28 of chicken embryos. The epithelial integrity was destructed or kept intact by the local gain or loss of Axin2 expression, resulting in morphological changes in the facial processes and their skeletal derivatives including the maxilla, nasal, premaxilla bone, and their junctions without cleft formation. These changes were related to expression changes in nuclear β-catenin, pGSK3β, Slug, Smad3, E-cadherin, and p63. All these data indicate that Axin2 participates in the regulation of epithelial integrity and fusion by promoting epithelial disassociation, basement membrane breakdown, and seam loss during the fusion of facial prominences in lip development.
Collapse
|
56
|
Goldmann T, Zissel G, Watz H, Drömann D, Reck M, Kugler C, Rabe KF, Marwitz S. Human alveolar epithelial cells type II are capable of TGFβ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and collagen-synthesis. Respir Res 2018; 19:138. [PMID: 30041633 PMCID: PMC6056940 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The origin of collagen-producing cells in lung fibrosis is unclear. The involvement of embryonic signaling pathways has been acknowledged and trans-differentiation of epithelial cells is discussed critically. The work presented here investigates the role of TGFB in cytoskeleton remodeling and the expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition markers by Alveolar Epithelial Cells Type II and tests the hypothesis if human alveolar epithelial cells are capable of trans-differentiation and production of pro-fibrotic collagen. Methods Primary human alveolar epithelial cells type II were extracted from donor tissues and stimulated with TGFβ and a TGFβ-inhibitor. Transcriptome and pathway analyses as well as validation of results on protein level were conducted. Results A TGFβ-responsive fingerprint was found and investigated for mutual interactions. Interaction modules exhibited enrichment of genes that favor actin cytoskeleton remodeling, differentiation processes and collagen metabolism. Cross-validation of the TGFβ-responsive fingerprint in an independent IPF dataset revealed overlap of genes and supported the direction of regulated genes and TGFβ-specificity. Conclusions Primary human alveolar epithelial cells type II seem undergo a TGFβ-dependent phenotypic change, exhibit differential expression of EMT markers in vitro and acquire the potential to produce collagen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0841-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 3a, 23845, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Pneumology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Medical Clinic III: University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Christian Kugler
- Surgery, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Großhansdorf Pneumology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 3a, 23845, Borstel, Germany. .,Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Divya T, Velavan B, Sudhandiran G. Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad-mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Celastrol Provides Protection against Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:122-129. [PMID: 29394529 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory disease pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which is characterized by scar formation throughout the lung, imposes a serious health burden. No effective drug without side effects has been proven to prevent this fatal lung disease. In this context, this study was undertaken to elucidate the protective effect of celastrol, a quinine methide pentacyclic triterpenoid from a Chinese medicinal plant 'thunder god vine' against bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF. We also attempted to study how the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulates fibrosis through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of celastrol in regulating EMT. TGF-β (5 ng/ml) was administered to human alveolar epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 cells to induce fibrotic response in cells. Induction of EMT was analysed in cells through morphological analysis and expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by Western blotting. Bleomycin at a concentration of 3 U/Kg b.w was used to induce fibrosis in adult male rat lungs. Celastrol (5 mg/kg b.w) was given to rats twice a week after BLM administration for a period of 28 days. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed with lung tissue sample to find out the potential of celastrol in regulating EMT during the progression of fibrosis. TGF-β induces EMT in A549 cells as demonstrated by changes in epithelial cell morphology and expression of epithelial and mesenchymal marker proteins. The expressions of epithelial marker proteins E-cadherin and claudin were found to be reduced in the BLM-induced group of rats. Expression of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin, snail, slug, vimentin and β-catenin, was enhanced in BLM-induced rat lungs. Celastrol reverts these cellular changes in rat lungs, and it was found that celastrol regulates EMT through the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90). Together, the results indicate that EMT is a crucial phenomenon for the progression of fibrosis, and celastrol provides protection against PF through the regulation of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
He F, Zhou A, Feng S. Use of human amniotic epithelial cells in mouse models of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197658. [PMID: 29772024 PMCID: PMC5957433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) urgently requires effective treatment. Bleomycin-induced lung injury models are characterized by initial inflammation and secondary fibrosis, consistent with the pathological features of IPF. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) exhibit good differentiation potential and paracrine activity and are thus ideal for cell-based clinical therapies. The therapeutic effects of hAECs on lung fibrosis are attributed to many factors. We performed a systematic review of preclinical studies investigating the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with hAECs to provide suggestions for their clinical use. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were searched for original studies describing hAEC therapy in animal bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis models. After quality assessments, the number and species of experimental animals, bleomycin dose, hAEC source and dosage, time and route of administration of transplanted cells in animals, and time animals were euthanized in nine controlled preclinical studies were summarized. Ashcroft scores, lung collagen contents, inflammatory cells and cytokines were quantitatively and/or qualitatively analyzed in this review. Publication bias was also assessed. RESULTS Each of the nine preclinical studies have unique characteristics regarding hAEC use. Ashcroft scores and lung collagen contents were decreased following hAEC transplantation in bleomycin-injured mice. Histopathology was also improved in most studies following treatment with hAECs. hAECs modulated macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, dendritic cells and the mRNA or protein levels of cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions (tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, interferon-γ and interleukin) in lung tissues of bleomycin-injured mice. CONCLUSIONS hAECs alleviate and reverse the progression of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice and may represent a new clinical treatment for IPF. hAECs exert anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by modulating macrophage, neutrophil, T cell, dendritic cell and related cytokine levels in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Cell generation and the route, source and timing of hAEC transplantation all determine the therapeutic effectiveness of hAECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Aiting Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yang L, Jiao X, Wu J, Zhao J, Liu T, Xu J, Ma X, Cao L, Liu L, Liu Y, Chi J, Zou M, Li S, Xu J, Dong L. Cordyceps sinensis inhibits airway remodeling in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2731-2738. [PMID: 29456676 PMCID: PMC5795554 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to soothe the lung for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of C. sinensis on airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Rats with COPD were orally administered C. sinensis at low, moderate or high doses (2.5, 5 or 7.5 g/kg/day, respectively) for 12 weeks. Airway tissue histopathology, lung inflammation and airway remodeling were evaluated. C. sinensis treatment significantly ameliorated airway wall thickening, involving collagen deposition, airway wall fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy and epithelial hyperplasia in model rats with COPD. Additionally, C. sinensis administration in rats with COPD reduced inflammatory cell accumulation and decreased inflammatory cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Meanwhile, the increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I in the COPD group were also markedly decreased by C. sinensis treatment. Furthermore, compared with untreated rats with COPD, C. sinensis reduced the expression level of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2, p-Smad3, TGF-β1 and its receptors, with the concomitant increased expression of Smad7 in the lungs of rats with COPD. These results indicated that treatment with C. sinensis may be a useful approach for COPD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xingai Jiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Liuzao Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Minfang Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Aldhahrani A, Powell J, Ladak S, Ali M, Ali S, Verdon B, Pearson J, Ward C. The Potential Role of Bile Acids in Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:2029-2033. [PMID: 29399801 PMCID: PMC6334228 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroesophageal reflux is thought to be a risk factor for laryngotracheal stenosis. Bile acids are a component of gastric refluxate and have previously been implicated in the development of fibrosis in other airway subsites. There is clear evidence that bile acids reflux into the upper airway. We therefore investigated the potential role of bile acids in the pathophysiology of laryngotracheal fibrosis and stenosis, specifically investigating the highly conserved process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). STUDY DESIGN Translational research study. METHODS Human primary tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) were challenged with the four most common digestive bile acids (cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic). EMT markers transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and procollagen proteins were measured in the supernatant at 48 hours via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was also used to measure E-cadherin and fibronectin expression. RESULTS Significantly greater concentrations of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 were measured in the culture supernatants of cells treated with each bile acid at 10 µmol/L. Lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid induced significantly increased expression of procollagen protein. Upregulation of fibronectin and downregulation of E-cadherin were observed with all bile acids, except for deoxycholic acid. CONCLUSION This is the first proof of principle demonstration that physiologically relevant bile acid challenge induces EMT mechanisms in PTECs. This implies a potential role for bile acids in laryngotracheal scarring and airway remodeling of potential translational significance in laryngotracheal stenosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:2029-2033, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Aldhahrani
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason Powell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shameem Ladak
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Simi Ali
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Verdon
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Aghapour M, Raee P, Moghaddam SJ, Hiemstra PS, Heijink IH. Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Role of Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:157-169. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0200tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lee YZ, Yap HM, Shaari K, Tham CL, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA. Blockade of Eosinophil-Induced Bronchial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition with a Geranyl Acetophenone in a Coculture Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:837. [PMID: 29201006 PMCID: PMC5696322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is currently recognized as the main cellular event that contributes to airway remodeling. Eosinophils can induce EMT in airway epithelial cells via increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production. We assessed the effect of synthetic 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) upon eosinophil-induced EMT in a cellular model. The human eosinophil cell line EoL-1 was used to induce EMT in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. The induction of EMT was dose-dependently suppressed following tHGA treatment in which the epithelial morphology and E-cadherin expression were not altered. Protein and mRNA expression of vimentin, collagen I and fibronectin in eosinophil-induced epithelial cells were also significantly suppressed by tHGA treatment. Following pathway analysis, we showed that tHGA suppressed eosinophil-induced activator protein-1-mediated TGF-β production by targeting c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways. These findings corroborated previous findings on the ability of tHGA to inhibit experimental murine airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Z Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hui M Yap
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Chau L Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd R Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Daud A Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wu CH, Hsiao YM, Yeh KT, Tsou TC, Chen CY, Wu MF, Ko JL. Upregulation of microRNA-4417 and Its Target Genes Contribute to Nickel Chloride-promoted Lung Epithelial Cell Fibrogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15320. [PMID: 29127306 PMCID: PMC5681645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel compounds have been classified as carcinogens and shown to be associated with induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis, as well as the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their related genes in controlling EMT and cancer metastasis. Thus, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of EMT in nickel-treated cells are of potential interest in understanding lung fibrosis and tumor progression. We investigated the miRNA-dependent mechanisms involved in nickel-induced EMT in lung epithelial cells. Nickel increased miR-4417 expression and decreased its target gene TAB2 expression. Treatment of cells with TGF-β inhibitor SB525334 significantly blocked NiCl2 and TGF-β-induced EMT. The expression of miR-4417 was abolished by SB525334 in TGF-β-treated cells, but not in nickel-treated cells. Both overexpression of miR-4417 and silencing of TAB2 induced fibronectin expression, but did not reduce E-cadherin expression. Moreover, oral administration of nickel promoted lung tumor growth in nude mice that had received BEAS-2B transformed cells by intravenous injection. The induction of EMT by nickel is mediated through multiple pathways. Induction of abundant miR-4417 and reduction of TAB2 expression following nickel exposure and may be involved in nickel-induced fibronectin. These findings provide novel insight into the roles of nickel in fibrogenesis and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Fatima F, Ekstrom K, Nazarenko I, Maugeri M, Valadi H, Hill AF, Camussi G, Nawaz M. Non-coding RNAs in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Deciphering Regulatory Roles in Stem Cell Potency, Inflammatory Resolve, and Tissue Regeneration. Front Genet 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 29123544 PMCID: PMC5662888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous populations of nano- and micro-sized vesicles secreted by various cell types. There is mounting evidence that EVs have widespread roles in transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells and serve as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs secreted from stem cells could function as paracrine factors, and appear to mimic and recapitulate several features of their secreting cells. EV-mediated transport of regulatory RNAs provides a novel source of trans-regulation between cells. As such, stem cells have evolved unique forms of paracrine mechanisms for recapitulating their potencies with specialized functions by transporting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) via EVs. This includes the dissemination of stem cell-derived EV-ncRNAs and their regulatory effects elicited in differentiation, self-renewal, pluripotency, and the induction of reparative programs. Here, we summarize and discuss the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV-ncRNAs in the induction of intrinsic regenerative programs elicited through regulating several mechanisms. Among them, most noticeable are the EV-mediated enrichment of ncRNAs at the injury sites contributing the regulation of matrix remodeling, epithelial mesenchymal transitions, and attraction of fibroblasts. Additionally, we emphasize EV-mediated transmission of anti-inflammatory RNAs from stem cells to injury site that potentially orchestrate the resolution of the inflammatory responses and immune alleviation to better facilitate healing processes. Collectively, this knowledge indicates a high value and potential of EV-mediated RNA-based therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fatima
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Ekstrom
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ahmed E, Sansac C, Assou S, Gras D, Petit A, Vachier I, Chanez P, De Vos J, Bourdin A. Lung development, regeneration and plasticity: From disease physiopathology to drug design using induced pluripotent stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:58-77. [PMID: 28987320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lungs have a complex structure composed of different cell types that form approximately 17 million airway branches of gas-delivering bronchioles connected to 500 million gas-exchanging alveoli. Airways and alveoli are lined by epithelial cells that display a low rate of turnover at steady-state, but can regenerate the epithelium in response to injuries. Here, we review the key points of lung development, homeostasis and epithelial cell plasticity in response to injury and disease, because this knowledge is required to develop new lung disease treatments. Of note, canonical signaling pathways that are essential for proper lung development during embryogenesis are also involved in the pathophysiology of most chronic airway diseases. Moreover, the perfect control of these interconnected pathways is needed for the successful differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung cells. Indeed, differentiation of iPSC into airway epithelium and alveoli is based on the use of biomimetics of normal embryonic and fetal lung development. In vitro iPSC-based models of lung diseases can help us to better understand the impaired lung repair capacity and to identify new therapeutic targets and new approaches, such as lung cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Caroline Sansac
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Said Assou
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France
| | | | - Pascal Chanez
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - John De Vos
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F 34000, France.
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jolly MK, Ward C, Eapen MS, Myers S, Hallgren O, Levine H, Sohal SS. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a spectrum of states: Role in lung development, homeostasis, and disease. Dev Dyn 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics; Rice University; Houston Texas
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University; Sweden
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics; Rice University; Houston Texas
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Ojiaku CA, Yoo EJ, Panettieri RA. Transforming Growth Factor β1 Function in Airway Remodeling and Hyperresponsiveness. The Missing Link? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:432-442. [PMID: 27854509 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0307tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of asthma includes a complex interplay among airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Current evidence suggests that airway structural cells, including bronchial smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, mediate all three aspects of asthma pathogenesis. Although studies show a connection between airway remodeling and changes in bronchomotor tone, the relationship between the two remains unclear. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor elevated in the airway of patients with asthma, plays a role in airway remodeling and in the shortening of various airway structural cells. However, the role of TGF-β1 in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing the role of TGF-β1 in airway remodeling and shortening. Through our review, we aim to further elucidate the role of TGF-β1 in asthma pathogenesis and the link between airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma and to define TGF-β1 as a potential therapeutic target for reducing asthma morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Ojiaku
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Edwin J Yoo
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- 2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Rousseau B, Kojima T, Novaleski CK, Kimball EE, Valenzuela CV, Mizuta M, Daniero JJ, Garrett CG, Sivasankar MP. Recovery of Vocal Fold Epithelium after Acute Phonotrauma. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 204:93-104. [PMID: 28647731 PMCID: PMC5555600 DOI: 10.1159/000472251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the timeline of tissue repair of vocal fold epithelium after acute vibration exposure using an in vivo rabbit model. Sixty-five New Zealand white breeder rabbits were randomized to 120 min of modal- or raised-intensity phonation. After the larynges were harvested at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h, and at 3 and 7 days, the vocal fold tissue was evaluated using electron microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. There was an immediate decrease in the microprojection depth and height following raised-intensity phonation, paired with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. This initial 24-h period was also characterized by the significant downregulation of junction proteins. Interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 were upregulated for 3 and 7 days, respectively, followed by an increase in epithelial cell surface depth at 3 and 7 days. These data appear to demonstrate a shift from inflammatory response to the initiation of a restorative process in the vocal fold epithelium between 24 h and 3 days. Despite the initial damage from raised-intensity phonation, the vocal fold epithelium demonstrates a remarkable capacity for the expeditious recovery of structural changes from transient episodes of acute phonotrauma. While structurally intact, the return of functional barrier integrity may be delayed by repeated episodes of phonotrauma and may also play an important role in the pathophysiology of vocal fold lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
| | - Carolyn K. Novaleski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emily E. Kimball
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carla V. Valenzuela
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
| | - Masanobu Mizuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
| | - James J. Daniero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
| | - C. Gaelyn Garrett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA**
| | - M. Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, Heavilon Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Krentz Gober M, Collard JP, Thompson K, Black EP. A microRNA signature of response to erlotinib is descriptive of TGFβ behaviour in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646226 PMCID: PMC5482799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work identified a 13-gene miRNA signature predictive of response to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, erlotinib, in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis of the signature showed a functional convergence on TGFβ canonical signalling. We hypothesized that TGFβ signalling controls expression of the miRNA genes comprising an erlotinib response signature in NSCLC. Western analysis revealed that TGFβ signalling via Smad2/3/4 occurred differently between erlotinib-resistant A549 and erlotinib- sensitive PC9 cells. We showed that TGFβ induced an interaction between Smad4 and putative Smad Binding Elements in PC9. However, qRT-PCR analysis showed that endogenous miR-140/141/200c expression changes resulted from time in treatments, not the treatments themselves. Moreover, flow cytometry indicated that cells exited the cell cycle in the same manner. Taken together these data indicated that the miRNA comprising the signature are likely regulated by the cell cycle rather than by TGFβ. Importantly, this work revealed that TGFβ did not induce EMT in PC9 cells, but rather TGFβ-inhibition induced an EMT-intermediate. These data also show that growth/proliferation signals by constitutively-activated EGFR may rely on TGFβ and a possible relationship between TGFβ and EGFR signalling may prevent EMT progression in this context rather than promote it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Krentz Gober
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - James P Collard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Katherine Thompson
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0082, USA
| | - Esther P Black
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Xie X, Rui W, He W, Shao Y, Sun F, Zhou W, Wu Y, Zhu Y. Discoidin domain receptor 1 activity drives an aggressive phenotype in bladder cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2500-2507. [PMID: 28560000 PMCID: PMC5446532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which utilizes collagen as a ligand to regulate the interaction between cancer cells and tumor stroma. However, the clinical relevance of DDR1 expression in bladder cancer as well as its molecular regulation have not been previously investigated. Here, we assessed the role of DDR1 in bladder cancer. The DDR1 levels in bladder cancer specimens were examined by Western blot, compared to the paired adhesive normal controls. The effects of DDR1 were explored on both cell migration in bladder cancer cells and tumor growth as xenograft. We detected significant higher levels of DDR1 in bladder cancer tissues. Moreover, high levels of DDR1 were correlated with poor prognosis of corresponding patients. Both the in vitro cell invasiveness and in vivo tumor xenograft growth could be promoted by the overexpressed DDR1, while both of which could be inhibited after the depletion of DDR1. Furthermore, DDR1 increased the levels of ZEB1 and Slug, based on its effects on tumor invasion. In conclusion, DDR1 may promote the aggressiveness of bladder cancer cells and drive an aggressive phenotype in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenbin Rui
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Influence of rosuvastatin treatment on airway inflammatory markers and health related quality of life domains in asthmatic patients. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.344816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
72
|
Cao L, Huang B, Fu X, Yang J, Lin Y, Lin F. Effects of tanshinone IIA on the regulation of renal proximal tubular fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4247-4252. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
73
|
Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Induced COPD in a Rat Model and a Description of the Underlying Mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45666. [PMID: 28361885 PMCID: PMC5374504 DOI: 10.1038/srep45666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the health effects of air pollution have been an international public health concern since at least the 1950s, recent research has focused on two broad sources of air pollution, namely, biomass fuel (BMF) and motor vehicle exhaust (MVE). Many studies have shown associations between air pollution PM and exacerbations of pre-existing COPD, but the role of air pollution PM in the development and progression of COPD is still uncertain. The current study indicates that rats can develop pronounced COPD following chronic exposure to air pollution PM (BMF and MVE), as characterized by lung function reduction, mucus metaplasia, lung and systemic inflammation, emphysema, and small airway remodeling. Comparative analyses demonstrate that both BMF and MVE activate similar pathogenesis that are linked to the development of COPD. These findings also show that some differences are found in the lungs of rats exposed to BMF or MVE, which might result in different phenotypes of COPD.
Collapse
|
74
|
Sun P, Li L, Zhao C, Pan M, Qian Z, Su X. Deficiency of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Mol Med 2017; 23:34-39. [PMID: 28283678 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR, coded by Chrna7) is indispensible in dampening proinflammatory responses. However, whether α7 nAChR would play a role in regulating bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis is less investigated. Here, we intratracheally challenged wildtype and Chrna7-/- mice with BLM to elicit lung fibrosis. Taken advantage of this model, we measured body weight loss, lung fibrogenic genes (Acta2, Col1a1, Fsp1, and Fstl1), histology, Masson's trichrome staining, hydroxyproline levels, and expression of α-SMA at protein levels in the BLM-challenged lung for evaluating severity of lung fibrosis. We also pretreated human fibroblasts (MRC5 cell line) and isolated mouse lung fibroblasts with GTS-21 (an α7 nAChR agonist) to study its effects on TGF-β-stimulated profibrotic profiles. We found that lung Chrna7 expression and CD4+CHAT+ (Choline acetyltransferase, an enzyme for local acetylcholine synthesis) cells were 12-fold and 4.5-fold respectively elevated in the early stage of lung fibrosis. Deletion of Chrna7 prevented body weight loss and reduced lung fibrogenic genes (Acta2, Col1a1, Fsp1, and Fstl1) and Arg 1 (coding arginase 1). Deletion of Chrna7 attenuated lung arginase 1+Ly6C+ cells, Masson's trichrome staining, hydroxyproline levels, and expression of α-SMA at protein levels in BLM-challenged mice. Mechanistically, activation of α7 nAChR in human fibroblasts increased TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and transcription of fibrogenic genes (Acta2, Col1a1). In isolated mouse lung fibroblasts, activation of α7 nAChR also enhanced TGF-β induced-transcription of fibrogenic genes; however, deletion of Chrna7 diminished these effects. Taken together, deficiency of α7 nAChR could suppress the development of BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Thus, α7 nAChR might be a novel therapeutic target for treating lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Sun
- Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengyao Pan
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhikang Qian
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Sohal SS. Epithelial and endothelial cell plasticity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Investig 2017; 55:104-113. [PMID: 28274525 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is mainly caused by smoking and presents with shortness of breath that is progressive and irreversible. It is a worldwide health problem and the fourth most common cause of chronic disability and mortality (even in developed countries). It is a complex disease involving both the airway and lung parenchyma. Small-airway fibrosis is the main contributor to physiological airway dysfunction in COPD. One potential mechanism contributing to small-airway fibrosis is epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). When associated with angiogenesis (EMT-type-3), EMT may well also be linked to the development of airway epithelial cancer, which is closely associated with COPD and predominantly observed in large airways. Vascular remodeling has also been widely reported in smokers and patients with COPD but the mechanisms behind it are poorly understood. It is quite possible that the process of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is also active in COPD lungs, in addition to EMT. Understanding these pathological mechanisms will greatly enhance our knowledge of the immunopathology of smoking-related lung disease. Only by understanding these processes can new therapies be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag - 1322, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Hur H, Ham IH, Lee D, Jin H, Aguilera KY, Oh HJ, Han SU, Kwon JE, Kim YB, Ding K, Brekken RA. Discoidin domain receptor 1 activity drives an aggressive phenotype in gastric carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28143619 PMCID: PMC5286810 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase that utilizes collagen as a ligand, is a key molecule in the progression of solid tumors as it regulates the interaction of cancer cells with the tumor stroma. However, the clinical relevance of DDR1 expression in gastric carcinoma is yet to be investigated. Here, we assessed the role of DDR1 in mediating the aggressive phenotype of gastric carcinoma and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS We conducted DDR1 immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray of 202 gastric carcinoma specimens. We examined the effect of collagen-induced activation of DDR1 on cell signaling, tumorigenesis, and cell migration in gastric cancer cell lines, and tumor growth in a xenograft animal model of gastric cancer. RESULTS Our results showed that 50.5% of gastric cancer tissues are positive for DDR1 expression, and positive DDR1 expression was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis (P = 0.015). In a subgroup analysis, DDR1 expression was prognostically meaningful only in patients receiving adjuvant treatment (P = 0.013). We also demonstrated that collagen was able to activate DDR1 and increase the clonogenicity and migration of gastric cancer cells. We observed that a DDR1 inhibitor, 7rh benzamide, suppressed tumor growth in gastric cancer xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a key role for DDR1 signaling in mediating the aggressive phenotype of gastric carcinoma. Importantly, inhibition of DDR1 is an attractive strategy for gastric carcinoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Hur
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA.
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Jin
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kristina Y Aguilera
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA
| | - Hye Jeong Oh
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Gohy ST, Hupin C, Pilette C, Ladjemi MZ. Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:529-42. [PMID: 27021118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium plays a critical role for the maintenance of airway integrity and defense against inhaled particles. Physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance clears inhaled pathogens, allergens or toxics, to prevent continuous stimulation of adaptive immune responses. The "chemical barrier", consisting of several anti-microbial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, constitutes another protective mechanism of the mucosae against external aggressions before adaptive immune response starts. The reconstruction of damaged respiratory epithelium is crucial to restore this barrier. This review examines the role of the airway epithelium through recent advances in health and chronic inflammatory diseases in the lower conducting airways (in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Better understanding of normal and altered epithelial functions continuously provides new insights into the physiopathology of chronic airway diseases and should help to identify new epithelial-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Gohy
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Hupin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Z Ladjemi
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Yang J, Wang T, Li Y, Yao W, Ji X, Wu Q, Han L, Han R, Yan W, Yuan J, Ni C. Earthworm extract attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1279-1300. [PMID: 27775689 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of silica (SiO2) and there are no ideal drugs to treat this disease. Earthworm extract (EE), a natural nutrient, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis effects. The purpose of the current study was to test the protective effects of EE against SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms using both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that treatment with EE significantly reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis and improved lung structure and function in SiO2-instilled mice. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that EE administration markedly inhibited SiO2-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HBE and A549 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Nrf2 activation partly mediates the interventional effects of EE against SiO2-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our study has identified EE to be a potential anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic drug for silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxi Yao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruhui Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwen Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Dong J, Ma Q. Myofibroblasts and lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotube exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:60. [PMID: 27814727 PMCID: PMC5097370 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are newly developed materials with unique properties and a range of industrial and commercial applications. A rapid expansion in the production of CNT materials may increase the risk of human exposure to CNTs. Studies in rodents have shown that certain forms of CNTs are potent fibrogenic inducers in the lungs to cause interstitial, bronchial, and pleural fibrosis characterized by the excessive deposition of collagen fibers and the scarring of involved tissues. The cellular and molecular basis underlying the fibrotic response to CNT exposure remains poorly understood. Myofibroblasts are a major type of effector cells in organ fibrosis that secrete copious amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and signaling molecules to drive fibrosis. Myofibroblasts also mediate the mechano-regulation of fibrotic matrix remodeling via contraction of their stress fibers. Recent studies reveal that exposure to CNTs induces the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts in vitro and stimulates pulmonary accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic analyses provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of myofibroblast differentiation and function induced by CNTs in the lungs. In view of the apparent fibrogenic activity of CNTs and the emerging role of myofibroblasts in the development of organ fibrosis, we discuss recent findings on CNT-induced lung fibrosis with emphasis on the role of myofibroblasts in the pathologic development of lung fibrosis. Particular attention is given to the formation and activation of myofibroblasts upon CNT exposure and the possible mechanisms by which CNTs regulate the function and dynamics of myofibroblasts in the lungs. It is evident that a fundamental understanding of the myofibroblast and its function and regulation in lung fibrosis will have a major influence on the future research on the pulmonary response to nano exposure, particle and fiber-induced pneumoconiosis, and other human lung fibrosing diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kolahian S, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Hartl D. Immune Mechanisms in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:309-22. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0121tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
81
|
Mikami Y, Matsuzaki H, Takeshima H, Makita K, Yamauchi Y, Nagase T. Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27340759 DOI: 10.3791/53974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is the formation of fibroblastic foci, which is associated with the disease severity. Mesenchymal cells consisting of the fibroblastic foci are proposed to be derived from several cell sources, including originally resident intrapulmonary fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes from bone marrow. Recently, mesenchymal cells that underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been also supposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In addition, EMT can be induced by transforming growth factor β, and EMT can be enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α. The gel contraction assay is an ideal in vitro model for the evaluation of contractility, which is one of the characteristic functions of fibroblasts and contributes to wound repair and fibrosis. Here, the development of a gel contraction assay is demonstrated for evaluating contractile ability of mesenchymal cells that underwent EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | | | | | - Kosuke Makita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital;
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Salvianolic Acid B Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibition of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27610. [PMID: 27278104 PMCID: PMC4899783 DOI: 10.1038/srep27610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal disorder. In our previous study, we found that the Yiqihuoxue formula (YQHX), a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, had a curative effect on scleroderma, a typical fibrotic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the key ingredient mediating the therapeutic effects of YQHX and to examine its effect on pulmonary fibrosis, including its mechanism. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the most important anti-fibrotic component of the YQHX was Salviae miltiorrhiza (SM). Experiments performed using a bleomycin-instilled mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis showed that Salvianolic acid B (SAB), the major ingredient of SM, had strong anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects through its inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar structure disruption, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, SAB suppressed TGF-β-induced myofibroblastic differentiation of MRC-5 fibroblasts and TGF-β-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells by inhibiting both Smad-dependent signaling and the Smad-independent MAPK pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that SM is the key anti-fibrotic component of the YQHX and that SAB, the major ingredient of SM, alleviates experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Together, these results suggest that SAB potently inhibits pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
|
83
|
Nyabam S, Wang Z, Thibault T, Oluseyi A, Basar R, Marshall L, Griffin M. A novel regulatory role for tissue transglutaminase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cystic fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2234-44. [PMID: 27234323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) for which there is no overall effective treatment. Recent work indicates tissue transglutaminase (TG2) plays a pivotal intracellular role in proteostasis in CF epithelia and that the pan TG inhibitor cysteamine improves CFTR stability. Here we show TG2 has another role in CF pathology linked with TGFβ1 activation and signalling, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), CFTR stability and induction of matrix deposition. We show that increased TG2 expression in normal and CF bronchial epithelial cells increases TGFβ1 levels, promoting EMT progression, and impairs tight junctions as measured by Transepithelial Electric Resistance (TEER) which can be reversed by selective inhibition of TG2 with an observed increase in CFTR stability. Our data indicate that selective inhibition of TG2 provides a potential therapeutic avenue for reducing fibrosis and increasing CFTR stability in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nyabam
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Thibault
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Ayinde Oluseyi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Rameeza Basar
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Marshall
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Griffin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ladak SS, Ward C, Ali S. The potential role of microRNAs in lung allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:550-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
85
|
Gu H, Fisher AJ, Mickler EA, Duerson F, Cummings OW, Peters-Golden M, Twigg HL, Woodruff TM, Wilkes DS, Vittal R. Contribution of the anaphylatoxin receptors, C3aR and C5aR, to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2336-50. [PMID: 26956419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation, an integral arm of innate immunity, may be the critical link to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Whereas we have previously reported elevated anaphylatoxins-complement component 3a (C3a) and complement component 5a (C5a)-in IPF, which interact with TGF-β and augment epithelial injury in vitro, their role in IPF pathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of the current study is to determine the mechanistic role of the binding of C3a/C5a to their respective receptors (C3aR and C5aR) in the progression of lung fibrosis. In normal primary human fetal lung fibroblasts, C3a and C5a induces mesenchymal activation, matrix synthesis, and the expression of their respective receptors. We investigated the role of C3aR and C5aR in lung fibrosis by using bleomycin-injured mice with fibrotic lungs, elevated local C3a and C5a, and overexpression of their receptors via pharmacologic and RNA interference interventions. Histopathologic examination revealed an arrest in disease progression and attenuated lung collagen deposition (Masson's trichrome, hydroxyproline, collagen type I α 1 chain, and collagen type I α 2 chain). Pharmacologic or RNA interference-specific interventions suppressed complement activation (C3a and C5a) and soluble terminal complement complex formation (C5b-9) locally and active TGF-β1 systemically. C3aR/C5aR antagonists suppressed local mRNA expressions of tgfb2, tgfbr1/2, ltbp1/2, serpine1, tsp1, bmp1/4, pdgfbb, igf1, but restored the proteoglycan, dcn Clinically, compared with pathologically normal human subjects, patients with IPF presented local induction of C5aR, local and systemic induction of soluble C5b-9, and amplified expression of C3aR/C5aR in lesions. The blockade of C3aR and C5aR arrested the progression of fibrosis by attenuating local complement activation and TGF-β/bone morphologic protein signaling as well as restoring decorin, which suggests a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with IPF.-Gu, H., Fisher, A. J., Mickler, E. A., Duerson, F., III, Cummings, O. W., Peters-Golden, M., Twigg, H. L., III, Woodruff, T. M., Wilkes, D. S., Vittal, R. Contribution of the anaphylatoxin receptors, C3aR and C5aR, to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mickler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Frank Duerson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Oscar W Cummings
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Homer L Twigg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David S Wilkes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Anti-Interleukin-1 Beta/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha IgY Antibodies Reduce Pathological Allergic Responses in Guinea Pigs with Allergic Rhinitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3128182. [PMID: 27046957 PMCID: PMC4800104 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether the combined blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α can alleviate the pathological allergic inflammatory reaction in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues in allergic rhinitis (AR) guinea pigs. Healthy guinea pigs treated with saline were used as the healthy controls. The AR guinea pigs were randomly divided into (1) the AR model group treated with intranasal saline; (2) the 0.1% nonspecific IgY treatment group; (3) the 0.1% anti-TNF-α IgY treatment group; (4) the 0.1% anti-IL-1β IgY treatment group; (5) the 0.1% combined anti-IL-1β and TNF-α IgY treatment group; and (6) the fluticasone propionate treatment group. The inflammatory cells were evaluated using Wright's staining. Histopathology was examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that the number of eosinophils was significantly decreased in the peripheral blood, nasal lavage fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05), and eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte infiltration and edema were significantly reduced or absent in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues (P < 0.05) in the combined 0.1% anti-IL-1β- and TNF-α IgY-treated guinea pigs. The data suggest that topical blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α could reduce pathological allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues in AR guinea pigs.
Collapse
|
87
|
Ma Y, Huang W, Liu C, Li Y, Xia Y, Yang X, Sun W, Bai H, Li Q, Peng Z. Immunization against TGF-β1 reduces collagen deposition but increases sustained inflammation in a murine asthma model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1876-85. [PMID: 26901684 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1145849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved in the processes of airway inflammation and remodeling; however, its reported roles in asthma pathogenesis are controversial. We sought both to investigate the effects of active immunization targeting TGF-β1 on allergen-induced airway inflammatory responses and to evaluate its possible application for asthma treatment. BALB/c mice were immunized with a virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine presenting a TGF-β1 peptide. For the preventive intervention of acute allergic airway inflammation, immunization was conducted before sensitization and challenges with ovalbumin (OVA), and for the therapeutic treatment of chronic inflammatory responses, immunization was initiated after inflammatory responses were established. Preventive immunization with VLPs led to increased proinflammatory IL-4, IL-13, and IL-33 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) with no significant effects on lung tissue inflammation and airway goblet cell hyperplasia. Therapeutic treatment showed that at 24 h after the fourth 2-day challenge with OVA following 2 intraperitoneal sensitizations, airway subepithelial collagen deposition was significantly ameliorated in vaccinated mice, whereas the lung histology and cytokine profile in the BALF were not changed. In contrast, after a 4-week recovery from the last OVA challenge, the vaccinated mice's collagen deposition remained reduced, but they sustained lung-tissue inflammation and goblet-cell hyperplasia; elevated IL-13, TNF, and IFN-γ levels in the BALF; and increased airway resistance, tissue resistance, and tissue elastance. In a conclusion, the role of TGF-β1 is complicated in allergic airway inflammatory responses. It is important to make a careful assessment in accordance with specific disease conditions when targeting TGF-β1 for a therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Ma
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Yang Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Ye Xia
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Xu Yang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China
| | - Qihan Li
- b Department of Viral Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zhikang Peng
- c Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
High mobility group box 1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18815. [PMID: 26739898 PMCID: PMC4703978 DOI: 10.1038/srep18815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in bronchial remodeling and loss of lung function in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Previous studies showed the involvement of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in the pathology of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the role of HMGB1 in EMT of human airway epithelial cells is still unclear. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to show that HMGB1 treatment regulated EMT-related gene expression in human primary-airway epithelial cells. The top five upregulated genes were SNAI2, FGFBP1, VIM, SPARC (osteonectin), and SERPINE1, while the downregulated genes included OCLN, TJP1 (ZO-1), FZD7, CDH1 (E-cadherin), and LAMA5. We found that HMGB1 induced downregulation of E-cadherin and ZO-1, and upregulation of vimentin mRNA transcription and protein translation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we observed that HMGB1 induced AKT phosphorylation, resulting in GSK3β inactivation, cytoplasmic accumulation, and nuclear translocation of β-catenin to induce EMT in human airway epithelial cells. Treatment with PI3K inhibitor (LY294006) and β-catenin shRNA reversed HMGB1-induced EMT. Moreover, HMGB1 induced expression of receptor for advanced glycation products (RAGE), but not that of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 or TLR4, and RAGE shRNA inhibited HMGB1-induced EMT in human airway epithelial cells. In conclusion, we found that HMGB1 induced EMT through RAGE and the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
89
|
Li Y, Kilian KA. Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2780-96. [PMID: 26592366 PMCID: PMC4780579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell-sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell-cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro- and nano- fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo-3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Oryan A, Kamali A, Moshiri A. Potential mechanisms and applications of statins on osteogenesis: Current modalities, conflicts and future directions. J Control Release 2015; 215:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
91
|
Fukunaga S, Kakehashi A, Sumida K, Kushida M, Asano H, Gi M, Wanibuchi H. Integrative analyses of miRNA and proteomics identify potential biological pathways associated with onset of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin rat model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
92
|
Tian B, Li X, Kalita M, Widen SG, Yang J, Bhavnani SK, Dang B, Kudlicki A, Sinha M, Kong F, Wood TG, Luxon BA, Brasier AR. Analysis of the TGFβ-induced program in primary airway epithelial cells shows essential role of NF-κB/RelA signaling network in type II epithelial mesenchymal transition. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:529. [PMID: 26187636 PMCID: PMC4506436 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The airway epithelial cell plays a central role in coordinating the pulmonary response to injury and inflammation. Here, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) activates gene expression programs to induce stem cell-like properties, inhibit expression of differentiated epithelial adhesion proteins and express mesenchymal contractile proteins. This process is known as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT); although much is known about the role of EMT in cellular metastasis in an oncogene-transformed cell, less is known about Type II EMT, that occurring in normal epithelial cells. In this study, we applied next generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) in primary human airway epithelial cells to understand the gene program controlling Type II EMT and how cytokine-induced inflammation modifies it. Results Generalized linear modeling was performed on a two-factor RNA-Seq experiment of 6 treatments of telomerase immortalized human small airway epithelial cells (3 replicates). Using a stringent cut-off, we identified 3,478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to EMT. Unbiased transcription factor enrichment analysis identified three clusters of EMT regulators, one including SMADs/TP63 and another NF-κB/RelA. Surprisingly, we also observed 527 of the EMT DEGs were also regulated by the TNF-NF-κB/RelA pathway. This Type II EMT program was compared to Type III EMT in TGFβ stimulated A549 alveolar lung cancer cells, revealing significant functional differences. Moreover, we observe that Type II EMT modifies the outcome of the TNF program, reducing IFN signaling and enhancing integrin signaling. We confirmed experimentally that TGFβ-induced the NF-κB/RelA pathway by observing a 2-fold change in NF-κB/RelA nuclear translocation. A small molecule IKK inhibitor blocked TGFβ-induced core transcription factor (SNAIL1, ZEB1 and Twist1) and mesenchymal gene (FN1 and VIM) expression. Conclusions These data indicate that NF-κB/RelA controls a SMAD-independent gene network whose regulation is required for initiation of Type II EMT. Type II EMT dramatically affects the induction and kinetics of TNF-dependent gene networks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1707-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA. .,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Xueling Li
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Mridul Kalita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Steven G Widen
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Suresh K Bhavnani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA. .,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Bryant Dang
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Andrzej Kudlicki
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Mala Sinha
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Bioinformatics Program, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Fanping Kong
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Bioinformatics Program, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Bruce A Luxon
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Bioinformatics Program, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA. .,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Good RB, Gilbane AJ, Trinder SL, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Abraham DJ, Holmes AM. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1850-8. [PMID: 25956031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by lung endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Normally, the endothelium forms an integral cellular barrier to regulate vascular homeostasis. During embryogenesis endothelial cells exhibit substantial plasticity that contribute to cardiac development by undergoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). We determined the presence of EndoMT in the pulmonary vasculature in vivo and the functional effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) undergoing EndoMT in vitro. Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. Induced EndoMT in PAECs by inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β led to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the development of a mesenchymal morphology. Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. Induced EndoMT monolayers failed to form viable biological barriers and induced enhanced leak in co-culture with PAECs. Induced EndoMT cells secreted significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α, and supported higher immune transendothelial migration compared with PAECs. These findings suggest that EndoMT may contribute to the development of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Good
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Gilbane
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Trinder
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Free Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Abraham
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan M Holmes
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Drebert Z, Bracke M, Beck IM. Glucocorticoids and the non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, compound A, differentially affect colon cancer-derived myofibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:92-105. [PMID: 25666906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that positively or negatively regulates the transcription of various specific target genes. Not only steroidal glucocorticoids can bind and activate the glucocorticoid receptor, but also the intensively examined non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators can do so, albeit with a select effector profile skewed to glucocorticoid receptor transrepression. Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory afflictions, but also as anti-cancer therapies or adjuvants thereof. As the impact of glucocorticoids and selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators has scarcely been researched in this setting, we focused on colon cancer and its stromal environment, in particular the stromal myofibroblasts, which are known to influence cancer cells via paracrine signaling. In these myofibroblasts, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone is able to drive the glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus and thus negatively regulates the expression of particular pro-inflammatory genes in TNFα-stimulated cells. The selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator compound A has an impaired ability to translocate GR, presumably underpinning its modest anti-inflammatory properties in these cells. Only dexamethasone, and not compound A, can upregulate the glucocorticoid receptor transactivation-dependent GILZ expression. Neither dexamethasone, nor compound A affects myofibroblast cell viability. However, compound A retards the growth of this myofibroblast cell line. Additionally, dexamethasone can inhibit the expression of Tenascin C, hepatocyte growth factor, and TGFβ, which are all factors known for their impact on colon cancer cell invasion, in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner. In contrast, compound A can only slightly diminish the expression of just hepatocyte growth factor, and not tenascin C or TGFβ. Combined, our results expose new tumor microenvironment-modulating effects of glucocorticoids and the selective GR modulator compound A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Drebert
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ilse M Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Yang G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Gao A, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by silica. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:69-77. [PMID: 25733726 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in the pulmonary fibrosis. It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) was able to reverse EMT in proximal tubular cells. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and BMP-7 inhibits EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Progressive silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat was used as a model of silicosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal markers were measured from rat fibrotic lungs. Then the effects of BMP-7 on the EMT were further confirmed in A549 cells. There are increases of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and decreases of E-cadherin as an epithelial marker in the silica-exposed rat lungs, which is in agreement with the A549 cells data. However, BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced expression of vimentin in the rat pulmonary fibrosis model and in A549 cells. In conclusion, EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, the treatment of BMP-7 can inhibit silica-induced EMT in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Z Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Niu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Wang P, Wang Y, Nie X, Braïni C, Bai R, Chen C. Multiwall carbon nanotubes directly promote fibroblast-myofibroblast and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:446-455. [PMID: 25255886 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that MWCNTs induce granuloma formation and fibrotic responses in vivo, and it has been recently reported that MWCNT-induced macrophage activation and subsequent TGF-β secretion contribute to pulmonary fibrotic responses. However, their direct effects against alveolar type-II epithelial cells and fibroblasts and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, MWCNTs are reported to be able to directly promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Both of the cell transitions may play important roles in MWCNT-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Firstly, in-vivo and in-vitro data show that long MWCNTs can directly interact with fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and some of them may be uptaken into fibroblasts and epithelial cells by endocytosis. Secondly, long MWCNTs can directly activate fibroblasts and increase both the basal and TGF-β1-induced expression of the fibroblast-specific protein-1, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen III. Finally, MWCNTs can induce the EMT through the activation of TGF-β/Smad2 signaling in alveolar type-II epithelial cells, from which some fibroblasts involved in pulmonary fibrosis are thought to originate. These observations suggest that the activation of the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling plays a critical role in the process of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and the EMT induced by MWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Hines EA, Szakaly RJ, Leng N, Webster AT, Verheyden JM, Lashua AJ, Kendziorski C, Rosenthal LA, Gern JE, Sorkness RL, Sun X, Lemanske RF. Comparison of temporal transcriptomic profiles from immature lungs of two rat strains reveals a viral response signature associated with chronic lung dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112997. [PMID: 25437859 PMCID: PMC4249857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life respiratory viral infections and atopic characteristics are significant risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. It is hypothesized that repeated respiratory viral infections might induce structural remodeling by interfering with the normal process of lung maturation; however, the specific molecular processes that underlie these pathological changes are not understood. To investigate the molecular basis for these changes, we used an established Sendai virus infection model in weanling rats to compare the post-infection transcriptomes of an atopic asthma susceptible strain, Brown Norway, and a non-atopic asthma resistant strain, Fischer 344. Specific to this weanling infection model and not described in adult infection models, Sendai virus in the susceptible, but not the resistant strain, results in morphological abnormalities in distal airways that persist into adulthood. Gene expression data from infected and control lungs across five time points indicated that specific features of the immune response following viral infection were heightened and prolonged in lungs from Brown Norway rats compared with Fischer 344 rats. These features included an increase in macrophage cell number and related gene expression, which then transitioned to an increase in mast cell number and related gene expression. In contrast, infected Fischer F344 lungs exhibited more efficient restoration of the airway epithelial morphology, with transient appearance of basal cell pods near distal airways. Together, these findings indicate that the pronounced macrophage and mast cell responses and abnormal re-epithelialization precede the structural defects that developed and persisted in Brown Norway, but not Fischer 344 lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Hines
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Renee J. Szakaly
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ning Leng
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anais T. Webster
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Verheyden
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amber J. Lashua
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Louis A. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Sorkness
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XS); (RFL)
| | - Robert F. Lemanske
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XS); (RFL)
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Fischer KD, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D regulating TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res 2014; 15:146. [PMID: 25413472 PMCID: PMC4245846 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subepithelial fibrosis is a characteristic hallmark of airway remodeling in asthma. A critical regulator of fibrosis, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), can induce airway remodeling in epithelial cells through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Vitamin D has immunomodulatory functions, however, its effect on controlling subepithelial fibrosis is not known. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to calcitriol followed by stimulation with TGF-β1 or TGF-β2. The protein expression and mRNA transcripts for E-cadherin, Snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin were analyzed by Western blot and qPCR. An invasion assay and scratch wound assay were performed to identify the migratory properties of the cells following treatments. Results TGF-β1 decreased E-cadherin expression and increased protein expression and mRNA transcripts of Snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin together with increased cell invasion and migration. TGF-β2 elicited migratory response similar to TGF-β1 but induced the expression of EMT markers differently from that by TGF-β1. Calcitriol attenuated TGF-β1- and TGF-β2-induced cell motility. Also, calcitriol inhibited the expression of EMT markers in TGF-β1-treated epithelial cells with less effect on TGF-β2. Conclusions These data suggest that calcitriol inhibits both migration and invasion induced by TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in human airway epithelial cells. However, the regulatory effect of vitamin D in epithelial-mesenchymal transition was more effective to TGF-β1-induced changes. Thus, calcitriol could be a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and management of subepithelial fibrosis and airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Fischer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. .,Center for Clinical and Translational Science Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sohal SS, Mahmood MQ, Walters EH. Clinical significance of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): potential target for prevention of airway fibrosis and lung cancer. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:33. [PMID: 26932377 PMCID: PMC4607924 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfortunately, the research effort directed into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been disproportionately weak compared to its social importance, and indeed it is the least researched of all common chronic conditions. Tobacco smoking is the major etiological factor. Only 25% of smokers will develop "classic" COPD; in these vulnerable individuals the progression of airways disease to symptomatic COPD occurs over two or more decades. We know surprisingly little about the pathobiology of COPD airway disease, though small airway fibrosis and obliteration are likely to be the main contributors to physiological airway dysfunction and these features occur earlier than any subsequent development of emphysema. One potential mechanism contributing to small airway fibrosis/obliteration and change in extracellular matrix (ECM) is epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), so called Type-II EMT. When associated with angiogenesis (Type-III EMT) it may well also be a link with the development of lung (airway) cancer which is closely associated with COPD. Active EMT in COPD may help to explain why lung cancer is so common in smokers and also the core pathophysiology of small airway fibrosis. Better understanding may lead to new markers for incipient neoplasia, and better preventive management of patients. There is serious need to understand key components of airway EMT in smokers and COPD, and to demarcate novel drug targets for the prevention of lung cancer and airway fibrosis, as well as better secondary management of COPD. Since over 90% of human cancer arises in epithelia and the involvement of EMT in all of these may be a central paradigm, insights gained in COPD may have important generalizable value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS-1, 17 Liverpool Street Private Bag-23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia.
| | - Malik Quasir Mahmood
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS-1, 17 Liverpool Street Private Bag-23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia.
| | - Eugene Haydn Walters
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS-1, 17 Liverpool Street Private Bag-23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Liu K, Guo L, Guo Y, Zhou B, Li T, Yang H, Yin R, Xi T. AEG-1 3'-untranslated region functions as a ceRNA in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer by regulating miR-30a activity. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 94:22-31. [PMID: 25484183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Competitive endogenous messenger RNA regulates the transcription of other RNA moleculars through competing for the shared microRNAs. This study was carried out to explore the regulation of AEG-1 messenger RNA as a competitive endogenous RNA in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of lung tumor cells. It is shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was associated with the down-regulation of miR-30a, up-regulation of AEG-1 and mesenchymal markers (Snail and Vimentin); miR-30a inhibited the metastasis of lung tumor A549 cells in vitro, whereas AEG-1 promoted it. These results suggested the potential linkage between miR-30a and genes (AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of lung tumor cell. It was verified later that the 3'-untranslated regions of AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin bind to miR-30a in A549 cells. Therefore, a competitive endogenous RNAs regulatory network among AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin mediated via competitive binding to miR-30a was proved. That is, the 3'-untranslated region of AEG-1, functioning as the competitive endogenous RNAs, indirectly regulated the expression of Vimentin and Snail in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated a competitive endogenous RNAs regulatory network which will help understand the metastasis mechanisms of lung cancer and improve the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yongjian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|