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Mocan LP, Craciun R, Grapa C, Melincovici CS, Rusu I, Al Hajjar N, Sparchez Z, Leucuta D, Ilies M, Sparchez M, Mocan T, Mihu CM. PD-L1 expression on immune cells, but not on tumor cells, is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1003-1014. [PMID: 36251029 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, the second most common liver malignancy, after hepatocarcinoma is highly aggressive and usually diagnosed in advanced cases. In the era of personalized medicine, targeted therapy protocols are limited for cholangiocarcinoma and the only potential curative treatment, surgical resection, is seldom applicable.This retrospective study included all cases with pathology-confirmed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma admitted in a tertiary healthcare facility during a 10-year timeframe. Clinical information, laboratory values, imaging studies, and survival data were retrieved, and PD-L1 immunostaining was performed on representative pathology slides, for each case. From the total of 136 included cases (49 surgical resections and 87 liver biopsies), 38.97% showed PD-L1 positivity on tumoral cells, 34.8% on tumor infiltrating immune cells, 10.11% on epithelial cells within the peritumoral area and 15.95% on immune cells from the peritumoral area. Overall survival was significantly higher in the first two scenarios. However, after adjusting for age, tumor number, tumor size, and tumor differentiation in a multivariate analysis, only PD-L1 positivity on tumor infiltrating immune cells remained a favorable prognostic for survival. High immune cell counts also correlated with increased overall survival.Our study demonstrated that PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma bears prognostic significance. PD-L1 expression on immune cells, in both resection and biopsy specimens, might be a strong independent predictor for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Patricia Mocan
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Craciun
- 3rd Medical Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristiana Grapa
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Rusu
- 3rd Pathology Department, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- 3rd Surgical Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zeno Sparchez
- 3rd Medical Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ilies
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sparchez
- 2nd Pediatrics Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Mocan
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Octavian Fodor" Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Examining litter specific variability in mice and its impact on neurodevelopmental studies. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119888. [PMID: 36681136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of litter variability in neurodevelopmental studies using mice may limit translation of neuroscientific findings. Higher variance of measures across litters than within, often termed intra-litter likeness, may be attributable to both pre- and postnatal environment. This study aimed to assess the litter-effect within behavioral assessments (2 timepoints) and anatomy using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images across 72 brain region volumes (4 timepoints) (36 C57bl/6J inbred mice; 7 litters: 19F/17M). Between-litter comparisons of brain and behavioral measures and their associations were evaluated using univariate and multivariate techniques. A power analysis using simulation methods was then performed on modeled neurodevelopment and to evaluate trade-offs between number-of-litters, number-of-mice-per-litter, and sample size. Our results show litter-specific developmental effects, from the adolescent period to adulthood for brain structure volumes and behaviors, and for their associations in adulthood. Our power simulation analysis suggests increasing the number-of-litters in experimental designs to achieve the smallest total sample size necessary for detecting different rates of change in specific brain regions. Our results demonstrate how litter-specific effects may influence development and that increasing the litters to the total sample size ratio should be strongly considered when designing neurodevelopmental studies.
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Xiao Y, Pang YX, Yan Y, Qian P, Zhao H, Manickam S, Wu T, Pang CH. Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205292. [PMID: 36658693 PMCID: PMC10037997 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p-G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg-1 ), sizes (50-1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p-G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Yoong Xin Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027P. R. China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringBeijing100083P. R. China
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi BruneiBandar Seri BegawanBE1410Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and ProcessIntensification Research of Zhejiang ProvinceUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion TechnologiesUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
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Owen A, Stary CM, Gross ER. Exosomes as perioperative therapeutics to limit organ injury. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:248-250. [PMID: 36682935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative organ injury is a frequent and major complication for the ∼240 million people undergoing surgery worldwide annually. Ischaemic preconditioning is a powerful technique that reduces organ injury in experimental models of heart, lung, gut, brain, and kidney ischaemia-reperfusion injury. However, ischaemic preconditioning has been a challenge to translate into clinical practice. We describe how utilising isolated pre-conditioned exosomes (secreted vesicles containing many cell-survival mediators), some of the translational hurdles of ischaemic preconditioning can be overcome. Delivery of exosomes in the perioperative period could become a promising new therapeutic strategy to prevent perioperative organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Silveira PP, Meaney MJ. Examining the biological mechanisms of human mental disorders resulting from gene-environment interdependence using novel functional genomic approaches. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106008. [PMID: 36690304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore how functional genomics approaches that integrate datasets from human and non-human model systems can improve our understanding of the effect of gene-environment interplay on the risk for mental disorders. We start by briefly defining the G-E paradigm and its challenges and then discuss the different levels of regulation of gene expression and the corresponding data existing in humans (genome wide genotyping, transcriptomics, DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, chromosome conformational changes, non-coding RNAs, proteomics and metabolomics), discussing novel approaches to the application of these data in the study of the origins of mental health. Finally, we discuss the multilevel integration of diverse types of data. Advance in the use of functional genomics in the context of a G-E perspective improves the detection of vulnerabilities, informing the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.
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56
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Fedi A, Vitale C, Fato M, Scaglione S. A Human Ovarian Tumor & Liver Organ-on-Chip for Simultaneous and More Predictive Toxo-Efficacy Assays. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020270. [PMID: 36829764 PMCID: PMC9952600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, the poor success rate of clinical trials is becoming increasingly evident due to the weak predictability of preclinical assays, which either do not recapitulate the complexity of human tissues (i.e., in vitro tests) or reveal species-specific outcomes (i.e., animal testing). Therefore, the development of novel approaches is fundamental for better evaluating novel anti-cancer treatments. Here, a multicompartmental organ-on-chip (OOC) platform was adopted to fluidically connect 3D ovarian cancer tissues to hepatic cellular models and resemble the systemic cisplatin administration for contemporarily investigating drug efficacy and hepatotoxic effects in a physiological context. Computational fluid dynamics was performed to impose capillary-like blood flows and predict cisplatin diffusion. After a cisplatin concentration screening using 2D/3D tissue models, cytotoxicity assays were conducted in the multicompartmental OOC and compared with static co-cultures and dynamic single-organ models. A linear decay of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer and HepG2 liver cell viability was observed with increasing cisplatin concentration. Furthermore, 3D ovarian cancer models showed higher drug resistance than the 2D model in static conditions. Most importantly, when compared to clinical therapy, the experimental approach combining 3D culture, fluid-dynamic conditions, and multi-organ connection displayed the most predictive toxicity and efficacy results, demonstrating that OOC-based approaches are reliable 3Rs alternatives in preclinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Fato
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
- React4life S.p.A via Fiasella 1, 16121 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-6475206
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Human Brain Organoids in Migraine Research: Pathogenesis and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043113. [PMID: 36834522 PMCID: PMC9961184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing pharmacologically active compounds, and offering novel ways to treat disease. Organoids of the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and brain have been developed in recent years. Human brain organoids are used for understanding pathogenesis and investigating therapeutic options for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Theoretically, several brain disorders can be modeled with the aid of human brain organoids, and hence the potential exists for understanding migraine pathogenesis and its treatment with the aid of brain organoids. Migraine is considered a brain disorder with neurological and non-neurological abnormalities and symptoms. Both genetic and environmental factors play essential roles in migraine pathogenesis and its clinical manifestations. Several types of migraines are classified, for example, migraines with and without aura, and human brain organoids can be developed from patients with these types of migraines to study genetic factors (e.g., channelopathy in calcium channels) and environmental stressors (e.g., chemical and mechanical). In these models, drug candidates for therapeutic purposes can also be tested. Here, the potential and limitations of human brain organoids for studying migraine pathogenesis and its treatment are communicated to generate motivation and stimulate curiosity for further research. This must, however, be considered alongside the complexity of the concept of brain organoids and the neuroethical aspects of the topic. Interested researchers are invited to join the network for protocol development and testing the hypothesis presented here.
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Turano E, Scambi I, Virla F, Bonetti B, Mariotti R. Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Towards Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032917. [PMID: 36769247 PMCID: PMC9917806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are fatal disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) which currently lack effective treatments. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a new promising approach for treating these incurable disorders. Growing evidence suggest that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are due to the secretion of neurotrophic molecules through extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles produced by MSCs (MSC-EVs) have valuable innate properties deriving from parental cells and could be exploited as cell-free treatments for many neurological diseases. In particular, thanks to their small size, they are able to overcome biological barriers and reach lesion sites inside the CNS. They have a considerable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, avoiding the critical issues related to the fate of cells following transplantation. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the strategies to further enhance their beneficial effects such as tracking methods, bioengineering applications, with particular attention to intranasal delivery as a feasible strategy to deliver MSC-EVs directly to the CNS in an effective and minimally invasive way. Current progresses and limiting issues to the extent of the use of MSC-EVs treatment for human neurodegenerative diseases will be also revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Virla
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7164
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59
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Park SB, Jung WH, Choi KJ, Koh B, Kim KY. A Comparative Systematic Analysis of The Influence of Microplastics on Colon Cells, Mouse and Colon Organoids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:49-58. [PMID: 36374371 PMCID: PMC9852409 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics (MPs) are small fragments from any type of plastic formed from various sources, including plastic waste and microfibers from clothing. MPs degrades slowly, resulting in a high probability of human inhalation, ingestion and accumulation in bodies and tissues. As its impact on humans is a prolonged event, the evaluation of its toxicity and influence on human health are critical. In particular, MPs can enter the human digestive system through food and beverage consumption, and its effect on the human colon needs to be carefully examined. METHODS We monitored the influence of small MPs (50 and 100 nm) on human colon cells, human colon organoids and also examined their toxicity and changes in gene expression in vivo in a mouse model. RESULTS The data suggested that 5 mg/mL concentrations of 50 and 100 nm MPs induced a > 20% decrease in colon organoid viability and an increase in the expression of inflammatory-, apoptosis- and immunity-related genes. In addition, in vivo data suggested that 50 nm MPs accumulate in various mouse organs, including the colon, liver, pancreas and testicles after 7 d of exposure. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that smaller MPs can induce more toxic effects in the human colon and that human colon organoids have the potential to be used as a predictive tool for colon toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Denis M, Mathé D, Micoud M, Choffour PA, Grasselly C, Matera EL, Dumontet C. Impact of mouse model tumor implantation site on acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1011943. [PMID: 36703964 PMCID: PMC9872099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of tumor subcutaneous (SC) implantations rather than orthotopic sites is likely to induce a significant bias, in particular, in the field of immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we developed and characterized MC38 models, implanted subcutaneously and orthotopically, which were either sensitive or rendered resistant to anti-PD1 therapy. We characterized the tumor immune infiltrate by flow cytometry at baseline and after treatment. Results and Discussion Our results demonstrate several differences between SC and orthotopic models at basal state, which tend to become similar after therapy. These results emphasize the need to take into account tumor implantation sites when performing preclinical studies with immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Denis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France,R&D Department, Antineo, Lyon, France
| | | | - Manon Micoud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Chloé Grasselly
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France,Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,*Correspondence: Charles Dumontet,
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Fosse V, Oldoni E, Bietrix F, Budillon A, Daskalopoulos EP, Fratelli M, Gerlach B, Groenen PMA, Hölter SM, Menon JML, Mobasheri A, Osborne N, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Ryll B, Schmitt E, Ussi A, Andreu AL, McCormack E, Demotes J, Garcia P, Gerardi C, Glaab E, Haro JM, Hulstaert F, Miguel LS, Mirete JS, Niubo AS, Porcher R, Rauschenberger A, Rodriguez MC, Superchi C, Torres T. Recommendations for robust and reproducible preclinical research in personalised medicine. BMC Med 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 36617553 PMCID: PMC9826728 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalised medicine is a medical model that aims to provide tailor-made prevention and treatment strategies for defined groups of individuals. The concept brings new challenges to the translational step, both in clinical relevance and validity of models. We have developed a set of recommendations aimed at improving the robustness of preclinical methods in translational research for personalised medicine. METHODS These recommendations have been developed following four main steps: (1) a scoping review of the literature with a gap analysis, (2) working sessions with a wide range of experts in the field, (3) a consensus workshop, and (4) preparation of the final set of recommendations. RESULTS Despite the progress in developing innovative and complex preclinical model systems, to date there are fundamental deficits in translational methods that prevent the further development of personalised medicine. The literature review highlighted five main gaps, relating to the relevance of experimental models, quality assessment practices, reporting, regulation, and a gap between preclinical and clinical research. We identified five points of focus for the recommendations, based on the consensus reached during the consultation meetings: (1) clinically relevant translational research, (2) robust model development, (3) transparency and education, (4) revised regulation, and (5) interaction with clinical research and patient engagement. Here, we present a set of 15 recommendations aimed at improving the robustness of preclinical methods in translational research for personalised medicine. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate preclinical models should be an integral contributor to interventional clinical trial success rates, and predictive translational models are a fundamental requirement to realise the dream of personalised medicine. The implementation of these guidelines is ambitious, and it is only through the active involvement of all relevant stakeholders in this field that we will be able to make an impact and effectuate a change which will facilitate improved translation of personalised medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Fosse
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Emanuela Oldoni
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Bietrix
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Fratelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Björn Gerlach
- PAASP GmbH, Guarantors of EQIPD e.V., Central Institute for Mental Health in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia M L Menon
- Preclinicaltrials.eu, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Department of Population Health Sciences, IRAS, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Medicine, AUGUST, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bettina Ryll
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elmar Schmitt
- Global Regulatory Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anton Ussi
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio L Andreu
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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A systems biology approach to better understand human tick-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:53-69. [PMID: 36400674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a growing global health concern. Despite extensive studies, ill-defined tick-associated pathologies remain with unknown aetiologies. Human immunological responses after tick bite, and inter-individual variations of immune-response phenotypes, are not well characterised. Current reductive experimental methodologies limit our understanding of more complex tick-associated illness, which results from the interactions between the host, tick, and microbes. An unbiased, systems-level integration of clinical metadata and biological host data - obtained via transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics - offers to drive the data-informed generation of testable hypotheses in TBDs. Advanced computational tools have rendered meaningful analysis of such large data sets feasible. This review highlights the advantages of integrative system biology approaches as essential for understanding the complex pathobiology of TBDs.
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Samrani LMM, Pennings JLA, Hallmark N, Bars R, Tinwell H, Pallardy M, Piersma AH. Dynamic regulation of gene expression and morphogenesis in the zebrafish embryo test after exposure to all-trans retinoic acid. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:8-16. [PMID: 36375755 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) is widely used in developmental toxicology. The analysis of gene expression regulation in ZET after chemical exposure provides mechanistic information about the effects of chemicals on morphogenesis in the test. The gene expression response magnitude has been shown to change with exposure duration. The objective of this work is to study the effect of the exposure duration on the magnitude of gene expression changes in the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling pathway in the ZET. Retinoic acid regulation is a key driver of morphogenesis and is therefore employed here as an indicator for the regulation of developmental genes. A teratogenic concentration of 7.5 nM of ATRA was given at 3 hrs post fertilization (hpf) for a range of exposure durations until 120 hrs of development. The expression of a selection of genes related to ATRA signaling and downstream developmental genes was determined. The highest magnitudes of gene expression regulation were observed after 2-24 hrs exposure with an optimal response after 4 hrs. Longer exposures showed a decrease in the gene expression response, although continued exposure to 120 hpf caused malformations and lethality. This study shows that assessment of gene expression regulation at early time points after the onset of exposure in the ZET may be optimal for the prediction of developmental toxicity. We believe these results could help optimize sensitivity in future studies with ZET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M M Samrani
- Centre for Health Protection National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Université Paris-Saclay, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Faculté Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Faculté Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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64
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Rai V, Agrawal DK. Male or female sex: considerations and translational aspects in diabetic foot ulcer research using rodent models. Mol Cell Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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65
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Harmatz P, Prada CE, Burton BK, Lau H, Kessler CM, Cao L, Falaleeva M, Villegas AG, Zeitler J, Meyer K, Miller W, Wong Po Foo C, Vaidya S, Swenson W, Shiue LH, Rouy D, Muenzer J. First-in-human in vivo genome editing via AAV-zinc-finger nucleases for mucopolysaccharidosis I/II and hemophilia B. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3587-3600. [PMID: 36299240 PMCID: PMC9734078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-based in vivo genome editing is a novel treatment that can potentially provide lifelong protein replacement with single intravenous administration. Three first-in-human open-label ascending single-dose phase 1/2 studies were performed in parallel (starting November 2017) primarily to assess safety and tolerability of ZFN in vivo editing therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) (n = 3), MPS II (n = 9), and hemophilia B (n = 1). Treatment was well tolerated with no serious treatment-related adverse events. At the 1e13 vg/kg dose, evidence of genome editing was detected through albumin-transgene fusion transcripts in liver for MPS II (n = 2) and MPS I (n = 1) subjects. The MPS I subject also had a transient increase in leukocyte iduronidase activity to the lower normal range. At the 5e13 vg/kg dose, one MPS II subject had a transient increase in plasma iduronate-2-sulfatase approaching normal levels and one MPS I subject approached mid-normal levels of leukocyte iduronidase activity with no evidence of genome editing. The hemophilia B subject was not able to decrease use of factor IX concentrate; genome editing could not be assessed. Overall, ZFN in vivo editing therapy had a favorable safety profile with evidence of targeted genome editing in liver, but no long-term enzyme expression in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Carlos E. Prada
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Barbara K. Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Lau
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Liching Cao
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Didier Rouy
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rosso M, Wirz R, Loretan AV, Sutter NA, Pereira da Cunha CT, Jaric I, Würbel H, Voelkl B. Reliability of common mouse behavioural tests of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of anxiolytics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Koterov AN. Causal Criteria in Medical and Biological Disciplines: History, Essence, and Radiation Aspect. Report 3, Part 2: Hill’s Last Four Criteria: Use and Limitations. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Koponen ME, Forget P. Pharmacological Interventions for Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia: A Scoping Review of Preclinical Trials. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237060. [PMID: 36498635 PMCID: PMC9735807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics are the most effective pharmacological agents for moderate and severe pain. However, opioid use has several limitations such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which refers to the increased pain sensitivity that occurs once analgesia wears off after opioid administration. Several pharmacological interventions have been suggested for OIH, but the current literature does not provide guidelines on which interventions are the most effective and whether they differ depending on the opioid that induces hyperalgesia. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe all the preclinical trials investigating pharmacological interventions for OIH caused by remifentanil, fentanyl, or morphine as the first step towards evaluating whether the most effective OIH interventions are different for different opioids. METHODS Electronic database searches were carried out in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Detailed data extraction was conducted on the eligible trials. RESULTS 72 trials were eligible for the review. Of these, 27 trials investigated remifentanil, 14 trials investigated fentanyl, and 31 trials investigated morphine. A total of 82 interventions were identified. The most studied interventions were ketamine (eight trials) and gabapentin (four trials). The majority of the interventions were studied in only one trial. The most common mechanism suggested for the interventions was inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. CONCLUSION This scoping review identified plenty of preclinical trials investigating pharmacological interventions for OIH. Using the current literature, it is not possible to directly compare the effectiveness of the interventions. Hence, to identify the most effective interventions for each opioid, the interventions must be indirectly compared in a meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Elena Koponen
- Neuroscience with Psychology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrice Forget
- Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia, National Health Service (NHS) Grampian, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
- Pain and Opioids after Surgery (PANDOS) European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) Research Group, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Goldsteen PA, Sabogal Guaqueta AM, Mulder PPMFA, Bos IST, Eggens M, Van der Koog L, Soeiro JT, Halayko AJ, Mathwig K, Kistemaker LEM, Verpoorte EMJ, Dolga AM, Gosens R. Differentiation and on axon-guidance chip culture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived peripheral cholinergic neurons for airway neurobiology studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991072. [PMID: 36386177 PMCID: PMC9651921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway cholinergic nerves play a key role in airway physiology and disease. In asthma and other diseases of the respiratory tract, airway cholinergic neurons undergo plasticity and contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion. We currently lack human in vitro models for airway cholinergic neurons. Here, we aimed to develop a human in vitro model for peripheral cholinergic neurons using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology. hPSCs were differentiated towards vagal neural crest precursors and subsequently directed towards functional airway cholinergic neurons using the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cholinergic neurons were characterized by ChAT and VAChT expression, and responded to chemical stimulation with changes in Ca2+ mobilization. To culture these cells, allowing axonal separation from the neuronal cell bodies, a two-compartment PDMS microfluidic chip was subsequently fabricated. The two compartments were connected via microchannels to enable axonal outgrowth. On-chip cell culture did not compromise phenotypical characteristics of the cells compared to standard culture plates. When the hPSC-derived peripheral cholinergic neurons were cultured in the chip, axonal outgrowth was visible, while the somal bodies of the neurons were confined to their compartment. Neurons formed contacts with airway smooth muscle cells cultured in the axonal compartment. The microfluidic chip developed in this study represents a human in vitro platform to model neuro-effector interactions in the airways that may be used for mechanistic studies into neuroplasticity in asthma and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Goldsteen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - P. P. M. F. A. Mulder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - I. S. T. Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M. Eggens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - L. Van der Koog
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J. T. Soeiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A. J. Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K. Mathwig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E. M. J. Verpoorte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A. M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Gosens, ; A. M. Dolga,
| | - R. Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- GRIAC, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Gosens, ; A. M. Dolga,
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Jennen DGJ, van Herwijnen M, Jetten M, Vandebriel RJ, Keizers P, Geertsma RE, de Jong WH, Kleinjans JCS. Transcriptomic Analysis in Human 3D Skin Model Injected with Resorbable Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Reveals Foreign Body Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113046. [PMID: 36361846 PMCID: PMC9654658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of injectable dermal fillers applied for aesthetic purposes has extensively increased over the years. As such, the number of related adverse reactions has increased, including patients showing severe complications such as product migration, topical swelling and inflammatory reactions of the skin. In order to understand the underlying molecular events of these adverse reactions we performed a genome-wide gene expression study on the multi-cell type human Phenion® Full-Thickness Skin Model exposed to five experimental hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations with increasing cross-linking degree, four commercial fillers from Perfectha®, and non-resorbable filler Bio-Alcamid®. In addition, we evaluated whether cross-linking degree or particle size of the HA-based fillers could be associated with the occurrence of adverse effects. In all cases, exposure to different HA fillers resulted in a clearly elevated gene expression of cytokines and chemokines related to acute inflammation as part of the foreign body response. Furthermore, for one experimental filler genes of OXPHOS complexes I-V were significantly down-regulated (adjusted p-value < 0.05), resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction which can be linked to over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β and chemokine CCL2. Our hypothesis that cross-linking degree or particle size of the HA-based fillers is related to the biological responses induced by these fillers could only partially be confirmed for particle size. In conclusion, our innovative approach resulted in gene expression changes from a human 3D skin model exposed to dermal fillers that mechanistically substantiate aforementioned adverse reactions, and thereby adds to the weight of evidence that these fillers may induce inflammatory and fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlon Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Keizers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert E. Geertsma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. de Jong
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Researchers and Their Experimental Models: A Pilot Survey in the Context of the European Union Health and Life Science Research. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202778. [PMID: 36290164 PMCID: PMC9597815 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Scientists in biomedical research use models and methods to constantly improve health in society. This research heavily relies on animal experimentation, and in recent decades, research and researchers have been questioned by societal stakeholders about their way of conducting research. In order to inform science policy makers, we asked the researchers about the use of their experimental models and their view about the role of external stakeholders in their work. Abstract A significant debate is ongoing on the effectiveness of animal experimentation, due to the increasing reports of failure in the translation of results from preclinical animal experiments to human patients. Scientific, ethical, social and economic considerations linked to the use of animals raise concerns in a variety of societal contributors (regulators, policy makers, non-governmental organisations, industry, etc.). The aim of this study was to record researchers’ voices about their vision on this science evolution, to reconstruct as truthful as possible an image of the reality of health and life science research, by using a key instrument in the hands of the researcher: the experimental models. Hence, we surveyed European-based health and life sciences researchers, to reconstruct and decipher the varying orientations and opinions of this community over these large transformations. In the interest of advancing the public debate and more accurately guide the policy of research, it is important that policy makers, society, scientists and all stakeholders (1) mature as comprehensive as possible an understanding of the researchers’ perspectives on the selection and establishment of the experimental models, and (2) that researchers publicly share the research community opinions regarding the external factors influencing their professional work. Our results highlighted a general homogeneity of answers from the 117 respondents. However, some discrepancies on specific key issues and topics were registered in the subgroups. These recorded divergent views might prove useful to policy makers and regulators to calibrate their agenda and shape the future of the European health and life science research. Overall, the results of this pilot study highlight the need of a continuous, open and broad discussion between researchers and science policy stakeholders.
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Bhat A, Irizar H, Couch ACM, Raval P, Duarte RRR, Dutan Polit L, Hanger B, Powell T, Deans PJM, Shum C, Nagy R, McAlonan G, Iyegbe CO, Price J, Bramon E, Bhattacharyya S, Vernon AC, Srivastava DP. Attenuated transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:82-97. [PMID: 35716830 PMCID: PMC9810540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development is an environmental risk factor for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Converging lines of evidence from human and animal model studies suggest that elevated cytokine levels in the maternal and fetal compartments are an important indication of the mechanisms driving this association. However, there is variability in susceptibility to the psychiatric risk conferred by MIA, likely influenced by genetic factors. How MIA interacts with a genetic profile susceptible to SZ is challenging to test in animal models. To address this gap, we examined whether differential gene expression responses occur in forebrain-lineage neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) generated from three individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and three healthy controls. Following acute (24 h) treatment with either interferon-gamma (IFNγ; 25 ng/μl) or interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/μl), we identified, by RNA sequencing, 3380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the IFNγ-treated control lines (compared to untreated controls), and 1980 DEGs in IFNγ-treated SZ lines (compared to untreated SZ lines). Out of 4137 genes that responded significantly to IFNγ across all lines, 1223 were common to both SZ and control lines. The 2914 genes that appeared to respond differentially to IFNγ treatment in SZ lines were subjected to a further test of significance (multiple testing correction applied to the interaction effect between IFNγ treatment and SZ diagnosis), yielding 359 genes that passed the significance threshold. There were no differentially expressed genes in the IL-1β-treatment conditions after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Gene set enrichment analysis however showed that IL-1β impacts immune function and neuronal differentiation. Overall, our data suggest that a) SZ NPCs show an attenuated transcriptional response to IFNγ treatment compared to controls; b) Due to low IL-1β receptor expression in NPCs, NPC cultures appear to be less responsive to IL-1β than IFNγ; and c) the genes differentially regulated in SZ lines - in the face of a cytokine challenge - are primarily associated with mitochondrial, "loss-of-function", pre- and post-synaptic gene sets. Our findings particularly highlight the role of early synaptic development in the association between maternal immune activation and schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhat
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Pooja Raval
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Bjorn Hanger
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Timothy Powell
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Roland Nagy
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Conrad O Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
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Bretton-Granatoor Z, Stealey H, Santacruz SR, Lewis-Peacock JA. Estimating Intrinsic Manifold Dimensionality to Classify Task-Related Information in Human and Non-Human Primate Data. IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE : HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY : [PROCEEDINGS]. IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:650-654. [PMID: 36820790 PMCID: PMC9942267 DOI: 10.1109/biocas54905.2022.9948604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Feature selection, or dimensionality reduction, has become a standard step in reducing large-scale neural datasets into usable signals for brain-machine interface and neurofeedback decoders. Current techniques in fMRI data reduce the number of voxels (features) by performing statistics on individual voxels or using traditional techniques that utilize linear combinations of features (e.g., principal component analysis (PCA)). However, these methods often do not account for the cross-correlations found across voxels and do not sufficiently reduce the feature space to support efficient real-time feedback. To overcome these limitations, we propose using factor analysis on fMRI data. This technique has become increasingly popular for extracting a minimal number of latent features to explain high-dimensional data in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we demonstrate these methods in both NHP and human data. In NHP subjects (n=2), we reduced the number of features to an average of 26.86% and 14.86% of the total feature space to build our multinomial classifier. In one NHP subject, the average accuracy of classifying eight target locations over 64 sessions was 62.43% (+/-6.19%) compared to a PCA-based classifier with 60.26% (+/-6.02%). In healthy fMRI subjects, we reduced the feature space to an average of 0.33% of the initial space. Group average (n=5) accuracy of FA-based category classification was 74.33% (+/- 4.91%) compared to a PCA-based classifier with 68.42% (+/-4.79%). FA-based classifiers can maintain the performance fidelity observed with PCA-based decoders. Importantly, FA-based methods allow researchers to address specific hypotheses about how underlying neural activity relates to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha R. Santacruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
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Lenert ME, Gomez R, Lane BT, Dailey DL, Vance CGT, Rakel BA, Crofford LJ, Sluka KA, Merriwether EN, Burton MD. Translating Outcomes from the Clinical Setting to Preclinical Models: Chronic Pain and Functionality in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2022; 23:1690-1707. [PMID: 35325207 PMCID: PMC9527603 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP), resting pain, movement-evoked pain (MEP), and other somatic symptoms that interfere with daily functioning and quality of life. In clinical studies, this symptomology is assessed, while preclinical models of CWP are limited to nociceptive assays. The aim of the study was to investigate the human-to-model translatability of clinical behavioral assessments for spontaneous (or resting) pain and MEP in a preclinical model of CWP. For preclinical measures, the acidic saline model of FM was used to induce widespread muscle pain in adult female mice. Two intramuscular injections of acidic or neutral pH saline were administered following baseline measures, 5 days apart. An array of adapted evoked and spontaneous pain measures and functional assays were assessed for 3 weeks. A novel paradigm for MEP assessment showed increased spontaneous pain following activity. For clinical measures, resting and movement-evoked pain and function were assessed in adult women with FM. Moreover, we assessed correlations between the preclinical model of CWP and in women with fibromyalgia to examine whether similar relationships between pain assays that comprise resting and MEP existed in both settings. For both preclinical and clinical outcomes, MEP was significantly associated with mechanical pain sensitivity. Preclinically, it is imperative to expand how the field assesses spontaneous pain and MEP when studying multi-symptom disorders like FM. Targeted pain assessments to match those performed clinically is an important aspect of improving preclinical to clinical translatability of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Rachelle Gomez
- Inclusive and Translational Research in Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandon T Lane
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Dana L Dailey
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Health Sciences, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, Iowa, USA
| | - Carol G T Vance
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Barbara A Rakel
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ericka N Merriwether
- Inclusive and Translational Research in Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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75
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Goodnough LH, Ambrosi TH, Steininger HM, Butler MGK, Hoover MY, Choo H, Van Rysselberghe NL, Bellino MJ, Bishop JA, Gardner MJ, Chan CKF. Cross-species comparisons reveal resistance of human skeletal stem cells to inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:924927. [PMID: 36093067 PMCID: PMC9454294 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.924927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is highly dependent on an early inflammatory response in which prostaglandin production by cyclo-oxygenases (COX) plays a crucial role. Current patient analgesia regimens favor opioids over Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) since the latter have been implicated in delayed fracture healing. While animal studies broadly support a deleterious role of NSAID treatment to bone-regenerative processes, data for human fracture healing remains contradictory. In this study, we prospectively isolated mouse and human skeletal stem cells (SSCs) from fractures and compared the effect of various NSAIDs on their function. We found that osteochondrogenic differentiation of COX2-expressing mouse SSCs was impaired by NSAID treatment. In contrast, human SSCs (hSSC) downregulated COX2 expression during differentiation and showed impaired osteogenic capacity if COX2 was lentivirally overexpressed. Accordingly, short- and long-term treatment of hSSCs with non-selective and selective COX2 inhibitors did not affect colony forming ability, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. When hSSCs were transplanted ectopically into NSG mice treated with Indomethacin, graft mineralization was unaltered compared to vehicle injected mice. Thus, our results might contribute to understanding species-specific differences in NSAID sensitivity during fracture healing and support emerging clinical data which conflicts with other earlier observations that NSAID administration for post-operative analgesia for treatment of bone fractures are unsafe for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Henry Goodnough
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas H. Ambrosi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holly M. Steininger
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - M. Gohazrua K. Butler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Malachia Y. Hoover
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - HyeRan Choo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael J. Bellino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julius A. Bishop
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Charles K. F. Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Delwarde C, Toquet C, Aumond P, Kayvanjoo AH, Foucal A, Le Vely B, Baudic M, Lauzier B, Blandin S, Véziers J, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Lecointe S, Baron E, Massaiu I, Poggio P, Rémy S, Anegon I, Le Marec H, Monassier L, Schott JJ, Mass E, Barc J, Le Tourneau T, Merot J, Capoulade R. Multimodality imaging and transciptomics to phenotype mitral valve dystrophy in a unique knock-in Filamin-A rat model. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:759-771. [PMID: 36001550 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Degenerative mitral valve dystrophy (MVD) leading to mitral valve prolapse is the most frequent form of MV disease, and there is currently no pharmacological treatment available. The limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to MVD limits our ability to identify therapeutic targets. This study aimed to reveal the main pathophysiological pathways involved in MVD via the multimodality imaging and transcriptomic analysis of the new and unique Knock-In (KI) rat model for the FlnA-P637Q mutation associated-MVD. METHODS AND RESULTS WT and KI rats were evaluated morphologically, functionally, and histologically between 3-week-old and 3-to-6-month-old based on Doppler echocardiography, 3D micro-computed tomography (microCT), and standard histology. RNA-sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) were performed on 3-week-old WT and KI mitral valves and valvular cells, respectively, to highlight the main signaling pathways associated with MVD. Echocardiographic exploration confirmed MV elongation (2.0 ± 0.1 mm versus 1.8 ± 0.1, p = 0.001), as well as MV thickening and prolapse in KI animals compared to WT at 3 weeks. 3D MV volume quantified by microCT was significantly increased in KI animals (+58% versus WT, p = 0.02). Histological analyses revealed a myxomatous remodeling in KI MV characterized by proteoglycans accumulation. A persistent phenotype was observed in adult KI rats. Signaling pathways related to extracellular matrix homeostasis, response to molecular stress, epithelial cell migration, endothelial to mesenchymal transition, chemotaxis and immune cell migration, were identified based on RNA-seq analysis. ATAC-seq analysis points to the critical role of TGF-β and inflammation in the disease. CONCLUSION The KI FlnA-P637Q rat model mimics human myxomatous mitral valve dystrophy, offering a unique opportunity to decipher pathophysiological mechanisms related to this disease. Extracellular matrix organization, epithelial cell migration, response to mechanical stress, and a central contribution of immune cells are highlighted as the main signaling pathways leading to myxomatous mitral valve dystrophy. Our findings pave the road to decipher underlying molecular mechanisms and the specific role of distinct cell populations in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delwarde
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Toquet
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Aumond
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Amir Hossein Kayvanjoo
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrien Foucal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Le Vely
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Manon Baudic
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Lauzier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Blandin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UAR 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Véziers
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, CHU Nantes PHU4 OTONN, Nantes Univ, Nantes, France
| | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UAR 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Simon Lecointe
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Baron
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Séverine Rémy
- INSERM UMR 1064-CR2TI, Transgenic Rats ImmunoPhenomic, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064-CR2TI, Transgenic Rats ImmunoPhenomic, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire UR7296, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Jacques Schott
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn; 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julien Barc
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean Merot
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Romain Capoulade
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
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77
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The Sheep as a Large Animal Model for the Investigation and Treatment of Human Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091251. [PMID: 36138730 PMCID: PMC9495394 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We review the value of large animal models for improving the translation of biomedical research for human application, focusing primarily on sheep. Abstract An essential aim of biomedical research is to translate basic science information obtained from preclinical research using small and large animal models into clinical practice for the benefit of humans. Research on rodent models has enhanced our understanding of complex pathophysiology, thus providing potential translational pathways. However, the success of translating drugs from pre-clinical to clinical therapy has been poor, partly due to the choice of experimental model. The sheep model, in particular, is being increasingly applied to the field of biomedical research and is arguably one of the most influential models of human organ systems. It has provided essential tools and insights into cardiovascular disorder, orthopaedic examination, reproduction, gene therapy, and new insights into neurodegenerative research. Unlike the widely adopted rodent model, the use of the sheep model has an advantage over improving neuroscientific translation, in particular due to its large body size, gyrencephalic brain, long lifespan, more extended gestation period, and similarities in neuroanatomical structures to humans. This review aims to summarise the current status of sheep to model various human diseases and enable researchers to make informed decisions when considering sheep as a human biomedical model.
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78
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van der Zalm AJ, Barroso J, Browne P, Casey W, Gordon J, Henry TR, Kleinstreuer NC, Lowit AB, Perron M, Clippinger AJ. A framework for establishing scientific confidence in new approach methodologies. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2865-2879. [PMID: 35987941 PMCID: PMC9525335 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Robust and efficient processes are needed to establish scientific confidence in new approach methodologies (NAMs) if they are to be considered for regulatory applications. NAMs need to be fit for purpose, reliable and, for the assessment of human health effects, provide information relevant to human biology. They must also be independently reviewed and transparently communicated. Ideally, NAM developers should communicate with stakeholders such as regulators and industry to identify the question(s), and specified purpose that the NAM is intended to address, and the context in which it will be used. Assessment of the biological relevance of the NAM should focus on its alignment with human biology, mechanistic understanding, and ability to provide information that leads to health protective decisions, rather than solely comparing NAM-based chemical testing results with those from traditional animal test methods. However, when NAM results are compared to historical animal test results, the variability observed within animal test method results should be used to inform performance benchmarks. Building on previous efforts, this paper proposes a framework comprising five essential elements to establish scientific confidence in NAMs for regulatory use: fitness for purpose, human biological relevance, technical characterization, data integrity and transparency, and independent review. Universal uptake of this framework would facilitate the timely development and use of NAMs by the international community. While this paper focuses on NAMs for assessing human health effects of pesticides and industrial chemicals, many of the suggested elements are expected to apply to other types of chemicals and to ecotoxicological effect assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Barroso
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Patience Browne
- Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Hazard Assessment and Pesticides Programmes, Environmental Directorate, Paris, France
| | - Warren Casey
- National Institutes of Health, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Gordon
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Directorate for Health Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tala R Henry
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anna B Lowit
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Monique Perron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
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Swaters D, van Veen A, van Meurs W, Turner JE, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. A History of Regulatory Animal Testing: What Can We Learn? Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:322-329. [PMID: 35983829 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contemporary pharmaceutical industry is voicing growing concerns about the translatability and reproducibility of animal models. In addition, the usefulness of certain of the required regulatory safety tests in animals is being increasingly questioned. It remains difficult, however, to make the move toward alternative testing methods, not least because of legislative demands. A historical analysis was performed, in order to study how the mandatory animal studies in legislative requirements came about. This article reflects on the role that specific public health disasters played in the creation of (more) regulatory requirements for animal testing. It will show how the regulatory changes prompted by the sulfanilamide elixir disaster in the 1930s and the thalidomide disaster in the early 1960s were based on the belief that extensive animal testing would prevent similar future human health tragedies. As scientists increasingly highlight issues with translatability between non-human animals and humans, the belief that current regulatory requirements ensure safety becomes more difficult to maintain. In addition, it means that some of the regulations now in place require animal tests that do not contribute to the safety of a drug, as shown in a third case study of the court case by Vanda industries against the FDA. We finally argue that regulations should be critically examined and altered where necessary, so that they are no longer a barrier in the transition toward animal-free testing and more human-relevant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje Swaters
- Radboud Institute for Culture and History, 6029Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van Veen
- Nijmegen School of Management, 6029Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Meurs
- Radboud Institute for Culture and History, 6029Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, 6029Radboudumc (Radboud University Medical Center), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,AUGUST, Department for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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80
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Little CB, Zaki S, Blaker CL, Clarke EC. Animal models of osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:514-517. [PMID: 35909339 PMCID: PMC9396918 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.118.bjr-2022-0217.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):514–517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanaa Zaki
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carina L. Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C. Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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Fosse V, Oldoni E, Gerardi C, Banzi R, Fratelli M, Bietrix F, Ussi A, Andreu AL, McCormack E. Evaluating Translational Methods for Personalized Medicine—A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071177. [PMID: 35887673 PMCID: PMC9324577 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of personalized medicine, through the increasing multi-omics characterization of disease, brings new challenges to disease modeling. The scope of this review was a broad evaluation of the relevance, validity, and predictive value of the current preclinical methodologies applied in stratified medicine approaches. Two case models were chosen: oncology and brain disorders. We conducted a scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, and searched PubMed, EMBASE, and relevant databases for reports describing preclinical models applied in personalized medicine approaches. A total of 1292 and 1516 records were identified from the oncology and brain disorders search, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed on a final total of 63 oncology and 94 brain disorder studies. The complexity of personalized approaches highlights the need for more sophisticated biological systems to assess the integrated mechanisms of response. Despite the progress in developing innovative and complex preclinical model systems, the currently available methods need to be further developed and validated before their potential in personalized medicine endeavors can be realized. More importantly, we identified underlying gaps in preclinical research relating to the relevance of experimental models, quality assessment practices, reporting, regulation, and a gap between preclinical and clinical research. To achieve a broad implementation of predictive translational models in personalized medicine, these fundamental deficits must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Fosse
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Emanuela Oldoni
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.O.); (F.B.); (A.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Chiara Gerardi
- Centre for Health Regulatory Policies, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Rita Banzi
- Centre for Health Regulatory Policies, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Maddalena Fratelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Florence Bietrix
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.O.); (F.B.); (A.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anton Ussi
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.O.); (F.B.); (A.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Antonio L. Andreu
- EATRIS ERIC, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.O.); (F.B.); (A.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Christen U, Hintermann E. Animal Models for Autoimmune Hepatitis: Are Current Models Good Enough? Front Immunol 2022; 13:898615. [PMID: 35903109 PMCID: PMC9315390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases like autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4-related cholangitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver with an autoimmune background. The therapy of autoimmune hepatitis targets the autoreactive immune system and is largely dependent on the use of glucocorticoids and cytostatic drugs. In contrast, the treatment of cholestatic autoimmune liver diseases is restricted to the use of secondary or semi-synthetic bile acids, like ursodeoxycholic acid or obeticholic acid. Although the management of the disease using such drugs works well for the majority of patients, many individuals do not respond to standard therapy. In addition, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids results in well-known side effects. Further, the use of bile acids is a symptomatic therapy that has no direct immunomodulatory effect. Thus, there is still a lot of room for improvement. The use of animal models has facilitated to elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and many potential target structures for immunomodulatory therapies have been identified. In this review, we will focus on autoimmune hepatitis for which the first animal models have been established five decades ago, but still a precise treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, as obtainable for other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis has yet to be introduced. Thus, the question arises if our animal models are too far from the patient reality and thus findings from the models cannot be reliably translated to the patient. Several factors might be involved in this discrepancy. There is first and foremost the genetic background and the inbred status of the animals that is different from human patients. Here the use of humanized animals, such as transgenic mice, might reduce some of the differences. However, there are other factors, such as housing conditions, nutrition, and the microbiome that might also play an important role. This review will predominantly focus on the current status of animal models for autoimmune hepatitis and the possible ways to overcome discrepancies between model and patient.
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83
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Kaeokhamloed N, Legeay S, Roger E. FRET as the tool for in vivo nanomedicine tracking. J Control Release 2022; 349:156-173. [PMID: 35779657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced drug delivery system utilizing a nanocarrier is the major application of nanotechnology on pharmacotherapeutics. However, despite the promising benefits and a leading trend in pharmaceutical research, nanomedicine development suffers from a poor clinical translation problem as only a handful of nanomedicine products reach the market yearly. The conventional pharmacokinetic study generally focuses only on monitoring the level of a free drug but ignores the nanocarrier's role in pharmacokinetics. One hurdle is that it is difficult to directly track intact nanocarriers in vivo to explore their pharmacokinetics. Although several imaging techniques such as radiolabeling, nuclear imaging, fluorescence imaging, etc., have been developed over the past few years, currently, one method that can successfully track the intact nanocarriers in vivo directly is by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This review summarizes the application of FRET as the in vivo nanoparticle tracker for studying the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the organic nanocarriers and gives elaborative details on the techniques utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Legeay
- MINT, INSERM U1066, CNRS 6021, SFR-ICAT, University of Angers, 49333 Angers, France
| | - Emilie Roger
- MINT, INSERM U1066, CNRS 6021, SFR-ICAT, University of Angers, 49333 Angers, France.
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84
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Gellan Gum Is a Suitable Biomaterial for Manual and Bioprinted Setup of Long-Term Stable, Functional 3D-Adipose Tissue Models. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070420. [PMID: 35877505 PMCID: PMC9315477 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its wide-ranging endocrine functions, adipose tissue influences the whole body’s metabolism. Engineering long-term stable and functional human adipose tissue is still challenging due to the limited availability of suitable biomaterials and adequate cell maturation. We used gellan gum (GG) to create manual and bioprinted adipose tissue models because of its similarities to the native extracellular matrix and its easily tunable properties. Gellan gum itself was neither toxic nor monocyte activating. The resulting hydrogels exhibited suitable viscoelastic properties for soft tissues and were stable for 98 days in vitro. Encapsulated human primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were adipogenically differentiated for 14 days and matured for an additional 84 days. Live-dead staining showed that encapsulated cells stayed viable until day 98, while intracellular lipid staining showed an increase over time and a differentiation rate of 76% between days 28 and 56. After 4 weeks of culture, adipocytes had a univacuolar morphology, expressed perilipin A, and secreted up to 73% more leptin. After bioprinting establishment, we demonstrated that the cells in printed hydrogels had high cell viability and exhibited an adipogenic phenotype and function. In summary, GG-based adipose tissue models show long-term stability and allow ASCs maturation into functional, univacuolar adipocytes.
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85
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Yoshiki A, Ballard G, Perez AV. Genetic quality: a complex issue for experimental study reproducibility. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:413-430. [PMID: 35751794 PMCID: PMC9489590 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory animal research involving mice, requires consideration of many factors to be controlled. Genetic quality is one factor that is often overlooked but is essential for the generation of reproducible experimental results. Whether experimental research involves inbred mice, spontaneous mutant, or genetically modified strains, exercising genetic quality through careful breeding, good recordkeeping, and prudent quality control steps such as validation of the presence of mutations and verification of the genetic background, will help ensure that experimental results are accurate and that reference controls are representative for the particular experiment. In this review paper, we will discuss various techniques used for the generation of genetically altered mice, and the different aspects to be considered regarding genetic quality, including inbred strains and substrains used, quality check controls during and after genetic manipulation and breeding. We also provide examples for when to use the different techniques and considerations on genetic quality checks. Further, we emphasize on the importance of establishing an in-house genetic quality program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 3050074, Japan.
| | - Gregory Ballard
- Comparative Medicine and Quality, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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86
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Affolter A, Kern J, Bieback K, Scherl C, Rotter N, Lammert A. Biomarkers and 3D models predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:88. [PMID: 35642667 PMCID: PMC9183766 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has evolved into a powerful tool in the fight against a number of types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although checkpoint inhibition (CPI) has definitely enriched the treatment options for advanced stage HNSCC during the past decade, the percentage of patients responding to treatment is widely varying between 14-32% in second-line setting in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with a sporadic durability. Clinical response and, consecutively, treatment success remain unpredictable in most of the cases. One potential factor is the expression of target molecules of the tumor allowing cancer cells to acquire therapy resistance mechanisms. Accordingly, analyzing and modeling the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to i) stratify subgroups of patients most likely to respond to CPI and ii) to define new combinatorial treatment regimens. Particularly in a heterogeneous disease such as HNSCC, thoroughly studying the interactions and crosstalking between tumor and TME cells is one of the biggest challenges. Sophisticated 3D models are therefore urgently needed to be able to validate such basic science hypotheses and to test novel immuno-oncologic treatment regimens in consideration of the individual biology of each tumor. The present review will first summarize recent findings on immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, the role of the TME and signaling cascades eliciting during CPI. Second, it will highlight the significance of current promising approaches to establish HNSCC 3D models for new immunotherapies. The results are encouraging and indicate that data obtained from patient-specific tumors in a dish might be finally translated into personalized immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden‑Württemberg‑Hessen, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
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87
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Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Pound P. The role of systematic reviews in identifying the limitations of preclinical animal research, 2000–2022: part 2. J R Soc Med 2022; 115:231-235. [DOI: 10.1177/01410768221100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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88
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Cucos CA, Milanesi E, Dobre M, Musat IA, Manda G, Cuadrado A. Altered Blood and Brain Expression of Inflammation and Redox Genes in Alzheimer's Disease, Common to APP V717I × TAU P301L Mice and Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105799. [PMID: 35628609 PMCID: PMC9144576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still not fully understood, and currently there are no effective treatments. Therefore, there is an unmet need for reliable biomarkers and animal models of AD to develop innovative therapeutic strategies addressing early pathologic events such as neuroinflammation and redox disturbances. The study aims to identify inflammatory and redox dysregulations in the context of AD-specific neuronal cell death and DNA damage, using the APPV717I× TAUP301L (AT) mouse model of AD. The expression of 84 inflammatory and 84 redox genes in the hippocampus and peripheral blood of double transgenic AT mice was evaluated against age-matched controls. A distinctive gene expression profile in the hippocampus and the blood of AT mice was identified, addressing DNA damage, apoptosis and thrombosis, complemented by inflammatory factors and receptors, along with ROS producers and antioxidants. Gene expression dysregulations that are common to AT mice and AD patients guided the final selection of candidate biomarkers. The identified inflammation and redox genes, common to AD patients and AT mice, might be valuable candidate biomarkers for preclinical drug development that could be readily translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Anca Cucos
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ioana Andreea Musat
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gina Manda
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.C.)
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89
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Galligioni V, Movia D, Ruiz-Pérez D, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Prina-Mello A. The Case for Modernizing Biomedical Research in Ireland through the Creation of an Irish 3Rs Centre. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091078. [PMID: 35565505 PMCID: PMC9105506 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The 3Rs principle indicates the measures to refine, reduce, and replace the use of animals in research. Thirteen out of the twenty-seven European countries already have 3Rs Centres. These support the development, acceptance, and/or implementation of methods that address the 3Rs principle at a research and educational level. To date, Ireland has no 3Rs centre. In this commentary, we present the reasons for Ireland to embrace the creation of a national Irish 3Rs Centre. We believe the centre will enable Ireland to be ready for the paradigm shift that is internationally occurring in biomedical research, towards the modernisation and replacement of tests carried out in animals when it is scientifically possible to do so. Abstract Since its publication, the 3Rs principle has provided a cornerstone for more ethical and humane biomedical and regulatory research. In Europe, the 3Rs principle has been incorporated into the European Directive 63/2010/EU, with the ultimate aim of fully replacing the procedures on live animals for scientific and educational purposes as soon as it is scientifically possible to do so. Thus, a critical shift in the discussion on animal use in biomedical and regulatory research is undergoing in Europe, a discussion where satisfying the “replacement” principle is becoming more and more defined as a scientific rather than ethical need. 3Rs Centres have been established in recent years across Europe. To date, Ireland has no 3Rs Centre, and the uptake of the 3Rs principle, and in particular of the “replacement” aspect, has been slow. In this Commentary, we present the Irish context of the use of animal models in biomedical and regulatory research, and urge for what, in the authors’ opinion, are the most critical actions that Ireland must undertake to align its biomedical (basic, applied and translational) research with the European 3Rs strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Galligioni
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (V.G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - Dania Movia
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute/Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, James’s Street, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Pérez
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (V.G.); (D.R.-P.)
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Morgado
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (V.G.); (D.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.-M.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +353-1-896-3260 (A.P.-M.)
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute/Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, James’s Street, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.-M.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +353-1-896-3260 (A.P.-M.)
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90
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Optimization of a Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bone Model Using Cell-Sheet Technology to Simulate Bone Disorders. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as osteoporosis, delayed or impaired bone healing, and osteoarthritis still represent a social, financial, and personal burden for affected patients and society. Fully humanized in vitro 3D models of cancellous bone tissue are needed to develop new treatment strategies and meet patient-specific needs. Here, we demonstrate a successful cell-sheet-based process for optimized mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) seeding on a β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold to generate 3D models of cancellous bone tissue. Therefore, we seeded MSCs onto the β-TCP scaffold, induced osteogenic differentiation, and wrapped a single osteogenically induced MSC sheet around the pre-seeded scaffold. Comparing the wrapped with an unwrapped scaffold, we did not detect any differences in cell viability and structural integrity but a higher cell seeding rate with osteoid-like granular structures, an indicator of enhanced calcification. Finally, gene expression analysis showed a reduction in chondrogenic and adipogenic markers, but an increase in osteogenic markers in MSCs seeded on wrapped scaffolds. We conclude from these data that additional wrapping of pre-seeded scaffolds will provide a local niche that enhances osteogenic differentiation while repressing chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This approach will eventually lead to optimized preclinical in vitro 3D models of cancellous bone tissue to develop new treatment strategies.
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91
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Rapid Detection of Direct Compound Toxicity and Trailing Detection of Indirect Cell Metabolite Toxicity in a 96-Well Fluidic Culture Device for Cell-Based Screening Environments: Tactics in Six Sigma Quality Control Charts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [PMID: 37502123 PMCID: PMC10374175 DOI: 10.3390/app12062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic screening tools, in vitro, evolve amid varied scientific disciplines. One emergent technique, simultaneously assessing cell toxicity from a primary compound and ensuing cell-generated metabolites (dual-toxicity screening), entails in-line systems having sequentially aligned culture chambers. To explore dual-tox screens, we probe the dissemination of nutrients involving 1-way transport with upstream compound dosing, midstream cascading flows, and downstream cessation. Distribution of flow gives rise to broad concentration ranges of dosing compound (0→ICcompound100) and wide-ranging concentration ranges of generated cell metabolites (0→ICmetabolites100). Innately, single-pass unidirectional flow retains 1st pass informative traits across the network, composed of nine interconnected culture wells, preserving both compound and cell-secreted byproducts as data indicators in each adjacent culture chamber. Thereafter, to assess effective compound hepatotoxicity (0→ECcompound100) and simultaneously classify for cell-metabolite toxicity (0→ECmetabolite100), we reveal utility by analyzing culture viability against ramping exposures of acetaminophen (APAP) and nefazodone (NEF), compounds of hepatic significance. We then discern metabolite generation with an emphasis on amplification across µchannel multiwell sites. Lastly, using conventional cell functions as indicator tools to assess dual toxicity, we investigate a non-drug induced liver injury (non-DILI) compound and DILI compound. The technology is for predictive evaluations of new compound formulations, new chemical entities (NCE), or drugs that have previously failed testing for unresolved reasons.
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92
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Poole J, Kitchen GB. Circadian regulation of innate immunity in animals and humans and implications for human disease. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:183-192. [PMID: 35169890 PMCID: PMC8853148 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillating variations in physiology generated by the core circadian clock. There is now a wide body of evidence showing circadian regulation of the immune system. Innate immune cells contain the molecular circadian clock which drives rhythmic responses, from the magnitude of the inflammatory response to the numbers of circulating immune cells varying throughout the day. This leads to rhythmic presentation of disease clinically, for example the classic presentation of nocturnal asthma or the sudden development of pulmonary oedema from acute myocardial infarction first thing in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Poole
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol Trust, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Gareth B Kitchen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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93
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Dirnagl U, Duda GN, Grainger DW, Reinke P, Roubenoff R. Reproducibility, relevance and reliability as barriers to efficient and credible biomedical technology translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114118. [PMID: 35066104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research accuracy and relevance for improving healthcare are increasingly identified as costly problems. Basic research data quality, reporting and methodology, and reproducibility are common factors implicated in this challenge. Preclinical models of disease and therapy, largely conducted in rodents, have known deficiencies in replicating most human conditions. Their translation to human results is acknowledged to be poor for decades. Clinical data quality and quantity is also recognized as deficient; gold standard randomized clinical trials are expensive. Few solid conclusions from clinical studies are replicable and many remain unpublished. The translational pathway from fundamental biomedical research through to innovative solutions handed to clinical practitioners is therefore highly inefficient and costly in terms of wasted resources, early claims from fundamental discoveries never witnessed in humans, and few new, improved solutions available clinically for myriad diseases. Improving this biomedical research strategy and resourcing for reliability, translational relevance, reproducibility and clinical impact requires careful analysis and consistent enforcement at both funding and peer review levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronenn Roubenoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Basel, Massachusetts, Switzerland
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94
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Kabay G, Manz A, Dincer C. Microfluidic Roadmap for Translational Nanotheranostics. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101217. [PMID: 34957704 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotheranostic materials (NTMs) shed light on the mechanisms responsible for complex diseases such as cancer because they enable making a diagnosis, monitoring the disease progression, and applying a targeted therapy simultaneously. However, several issues such as the reproducibility and mass production of NTMs hamper their application for clinical practice. To address these issues and facilitate the clinical application of NTMs, microfluidic systems have been increasingly used. This perspective provides a glimpse into the current state-of-art of NTM research, emphasizing the methods currently employed at each development stage of NTMs and the related open problems. This work reviews microfluidic technologies used to develop NTMs, ranging from the fabrication and testing of a single NTM up to their manufacturing on a large scale. Ultimately, a step-by-step vision on the future development of NTMs for clinical practice enabled by microfluidics techniques is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Kabay
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Manz
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) in Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Can Dincer
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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95
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Selected transgenic murine models of human autoimmune liver diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:263-272. [PMID: 35032321 PMCID: PMC8964654 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine models of human diseases are of outmost importance for both studying molecular mechanisms driving their development and testing new treatment strategies. In this review, we first discuss the etiology and risk factors for autoimmune liver disease, including primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Second, we highlight important features of murine transgenic models that make them useful for basic scientists, drug developers and clinical researchers. Next, a brief description of each disease is followed by the characterization of selected animal models.
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96
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Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac repolarization and QT-interval related gene expression in hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:568. [PMID: 35022468 PMCID: PMC8755773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolongation of cardiac repolarization (QT interval) represents a dangerous and potentially life-threatening electrical event affecting the heart. Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for cardiac development and heart function. However, little is known about THs influence on ventricular repolarization and controversial effects on QT prolongation are reported. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and multielectrode array (MEA) systems were used to investigate the influence of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-Thyronine (T3) and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-L-Thyronine (T4) on corrected Field Potential Duration (FPDc), the in vitro analog of QT interval, and on local extracellular Action Potential Duration (APD). Treatment with high THs doses induces a significant prolongation of both FPDc and APD, with the strongest increase reached after 24 h exposure. Preincubation with reverse T3 (rT3), a specific antagonist for nuclear TH receptor binding, significantly reduces T3 effects on FPDc, suggesting a TRs-mediated transcriptional mechanism. RNA-seq analysis showed significant deregulation in genes involved in cardiac repolarization pathways, including several QT-interval related genes. In conclusion, long-time administration of high THs doses induces FPDc prolongation in hiPSC-CMs probably through the modulation of genes linked to QT-interval regulation. These results open the way to investigate new potential diagnostic biomarkers and specific targeted therapies for cardiac repolarization dysfunctions.
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97
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Deep brain electrophysiology in freely moving sheep. Curr Biol 2022; 32:763-774.e4. [PMID: 35030329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although rodents are arguably the easiest animals to use for studying brain function, relying on them as model species for translational research comes with its own set of limitations. Here, we propose sheep as a practical large animal species to use for in vivo brain function studies performed in naturalistic settings. We conducted proof-of-principle deep brain electrophysiological recording experiments using unrestrained sheep during behavioral testing. Recordings were made from cortex and hippocampus, both while sheep performed goal-directed behaviors (two-choice discrimination tasks) and across states of vigilance, including sleep. Hippocampal and cortical oscillatory rhythms were consistent with those seen in rodents and non-human primates, and included cortical alpha oscillations and hippocampal sharp wave ripple oscillations (∼150 Hz) during immobility and hippocampal theta oscillations (5-6 Hz) during locomotion. Recordings were conducted over a period of many months during which time the animals participated willingly in the experiments. Over 3,000 putative neurons were identified, including examples whose activity was modulated by task, speed of locomotion, spatial position, reward and vigilance states, and one whose firing rate was potentially modulated by the sight of the investigator. Together, these experiments demonstrate that sheep are excellent experimental animals to use for longitudinal studies requiring a large-brained mammal and/or large-scale recordings across distributed neuronal networks. Sheep could be used safely for studying not only neural encoding of decision-making and spatial-mapping in naturalistic environments outside the confines of the traditional laboratory but also the neural basis of both intra- and inter-species social interactions.
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98
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Salmina AB, Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Uspenskaya YA, Illarioshkin SN. Reproducibility of developmental neuroplasticity in in vitro brain tissue models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:531-554. [PMID: 34983132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current prevalence of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and brain injury stimulates studies aimed to identify new molecular targets, to select the drug candidates, to complete the whole set of preclinical and clinical trials, and to implement new drugs into routine neurological practice. Establishment of protocols based on microfluidics, blood-brain barrier- or neurovascular unit-on-chip, and microphysiological systems allowed improving the barrier characteristics and analyzing the regulation of local microcirculation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Reconstruction of key mechanisms of brain development and even some aspects of experience-driven brain plasticity would be helpful in the establishment of brain in vitro models with the highest degree of reliability. Activity, metabolic status and expression pattern of cells within the models can be effectively assessed with the protocols of system biology, cell imaging, and functional cell analysis. The next generation of in vitro models should demonstrate high scalability, 3D or 4D complexity, possibility to be combined with other tissues or cell types within the microphysiological systems, compatibility with bio-inks or extracellular matrix-like materials, achievement of adequate vascularization, patient-specific characteristics, and opportunity to provide high-content screening. In this review, we will focus on currently available and prospective brain tissue in vitro models suitable for experimental and preclinical studies with the special focus on models enabling 4D reconstruction of brain tissue for the assessment of brain development, brain plasticity, and drug kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zheleznyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sergey N Illarioshkin
- Department of Brain Studies, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
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Jedlička J, Kunc R, Kuncová J. Mitochondrial respiration of human platelets in young adult and advanced age - Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021; 70:S369-S379. [PMID: 35099255 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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100
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JEDLIČKA J, KUNC R, KUNCOVÁ J. Mitochondrial Respiration of Human Platelets in Young Adult and Advanced Age – Seahorse or O2k? Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J JEDLIČKA
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - R KUNC
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - J KUNCOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
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