51
|
Le MNT, Kawada-Matsuo M, Komatsuzawa H. Efficiency of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930629. [PMID: 35756032 PMCID: PMC9218695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a vital role in saving millions of lives from fatal infections; however, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence and propagation of drug resistance worldwide. Multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a significant challenge to treating infections due to the limitation of available antibiotics, necessitating the investigation of alternative treatments for combating these superbugs. Under such circumstances, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including human-derived AMPs and bacteria-derived AMPs (so-called bacteriocins), are considered potential therapeutic drugs owing to their high efficacy against infectious bacteria and the poor ability of these microorganisms to develop resistance to them. Several staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are commensal bacteria and known to cause many opportunistic infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are of particular concern among the critical multidrug-resistant infectious Gram-positive pathogens. Within the past decade, studies have reported promising AMPs that are effective against MRSA and other methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This review discusses the sources and mechanisms of AMPs against staphylococcal species, as well as their potential to become chemotherapies for clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hawerkamp HC, Fahy CMR, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Break on through: The role of innate immunity and barrier defence in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e99. [PMID: 35677926 PMCID: PMC9168024 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human skin can be affected by a multitude of diseases including inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Here, we describe how skin barrier integrity and immunity become dysregulated during these two most common inflammatory skin conditions. We summarise recent advances made in the field of the skin innate immune system and its interaction with adaptive immunity. We review gene variants associated with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis that affect innate immune mechanisms and skin barrier integrity. Finally, we discuss how current and future therapies may affect innate immune responses and skin barrier integrity in a generalized or more targeted approach in order to ameliorate disease in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Hawerkamp
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - C M R Fahy
- Paediatric Dermatology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland.,Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bath UK
| | - P G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - C Schwartz
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Shulpekova Y, Zharkova M, Tkachenko P, Tikhonov I, Stepanov A, Synitsyna A, Izotov A, Butkova T, Shulpekova N, Lapina N, Nechaev V, Kardasheva S, Okhlobystin A, Ivashkin V. The Role of Bile Acids in the Human Body and in the Development of Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113401. [PMID: 35684337 PMCID: PMC9182388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membrane or nuclear receptors. Hepatic synthesis, intestinal modifications, intestinal peristalsis and permeability, and receptor activity can affect the quantitative and qualitative bile acids composition significantly leading to extrahepatic pathologies. The complexity of bile acids receptors and the effects of cross-activations makes interpretation of the results of the studies rather difficult. In spite, this is a very perspective direction for pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shulpekova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Pyotr Tkachenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Igor Tikhonov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Alexander Stepanov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (A.I.); (T.B.)
| | - Alexandra Synitsyna
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (A.I.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-764-98-78
| | - Alexander Izotov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (A.I.); (T.B.)
| | - Tatyana Butkova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (A.I.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Natalia Lapina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Vladimir Nechaev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Svetlana Kardasheva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Alexey Okhlobystin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (P.T.); (I.T.); (N.L.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.O.); (V.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Rescuing humanity by antimicrobial peptides against colistin-resistant bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3879-3893. [PMID: 35604438 PMCID: PMC9125544 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been about a century since the discovery of the first antibiotic, and during this period, several antibiotics were produced and marketed. The production of high-potency antibiotics against infections led to victories, but these victories were temporary. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have continued to the point that humanity today is almost helpless in the fight against infection. Researchers have predicted that by the middle of the new century, there will be a dark period after the production of antibiotics that doctors will encounter antibiotic-resistant infections for which there is no cure. Accordingly, researchers are looking for new materials with antimicrobial properties that will strengthen their ammunition to fight antibiotic-resistant infections. One of the most important alternatives to antibiotics introduced in the last three decades is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which affect a wide range of microbes. Due to their different antimicrobial properties from antibiotics, AMPs can fight and kill MDR, XDR, and colistin-resistant bacteria through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we intend to use the latest studies to give a complete description of AMPs, the importance of colistin-resistant bacteria, and their resistance mechanisms, and represent impact of AMPs on colistin-resistant bacteria. Key points • AMPs as limited options to kill colistin-resistant bacteria. • Challenge of antibiotics resistance, colistin resistance, and mechanisms. • What is AMPs in the war with colistin-resistant bacteria?
Collapse
|
55
|
Ahn B, Jeon H, Cho HS, Nagasundarapandian S, Park C. Sequence polymorphisms of PR39 cathelicidins and extensive copy variations in commercial pig breeds. Gene 2022; 822:146323. [PMID: 35181502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in livestock can influence the innate immune response of individuals. We conducted a high-resolution analysis of the genomic variations of porcine cathelicidin PR39 using cloned PR39 amplicons corresponding to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to 3' UTR from four individuals of three different pig breeds. We identified 15 different sequences corresponding to 9 different coding domain sequences (CDSs), encoding 7 different protein sequences consisting of 3 functional and 4 non-functional forms. Subsequently, we developed a PR39 CNP typing method using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed the PR39 copy numbers from 44 pigs of six breeds. Significant variations in PR39 copies ranging from 2 to 10 copies, with a mean copy number of 5, were observed among all commercial breeds, except the wild boar. Among the different breeds, the PR39 copy number was highest (10) in Korean native pigs. Gene expression analysis showed that PR39 expression was correlated with the copy number. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the cathelicidin cluster-containing region among eight mammalian species showed the complete evolutionary conservation of the region, except for differences in the degree of cathelicidin expansion in each species. Therefore, characterization of CNPs in AMP genes could aid in improving the genetic potential of innate immune responses in livestock animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Kim SD, Kim GB, Lee GY, Yang SJ. Multilocus sequence type-dependent activity of human and animal cathelicidins against community-, hospital-, and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:515-530. [PMID: 35709124 PMCID: PMC9184701 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sequence type (ST) 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)
type II (ST5-MRSA-II) and ST72-MRSA-IV represent the most significant genotypes
for healthcare- (HA) and community-associated (CA) MRSA in Korea, respectively.
In addition to the human-type MRSA strains, the prevalence of
livestock-associated (LA) MRSA clonal lineages, such as ST541 and ST398
LA-MRSA-V in pigs and ST692 LA-MRSA-V and ST188 LA-MRSA-IV in chickens, has
recently been found. In this study, clonotype-specific resistance profiles to
cathelicidins derived from humans (LL-37), pigs (PMAP-36), and chickens (CATH-2)
were examined using six different ST groups of MRSA strains: ST5 HA-MRSA-II,
ST72 CA-MRSA-IV, ST398 LA-MRSA-V, ST541 LA-MRSA-V, ST188 LA-MRSA-IV, and ST692
LA-MRSA-V. Phenotypic characteristics often involved in cathelicidin resistance,
such as net surface positive charge, carotenoid production, and hydrogen
peroxide susceptibility were also determined in the MRSA strains. Human- and
animal-type MRSA strains exhibited clonotype-specific resistance profiles to
LL-37, PMAP-36, or CATH-2, indicating the potential role of cathelicidin
resistance in the adaptation and colonization of human and animal hosts. The ST5
HA-MRSA isolates showed enhanced resistance to all three cathelicidins and
hydrogen peroxide than ST72 CA-MRSA isolates by implementing increased surface
positive charge and carotenoid production. In contrast, LA-MRSA strains employed
mechanisms independent of surface charge regulation and carotenoid production
for cathelicidin resistance. These results suggest that human- and
livestock-derived MRSA strains use different strategies to counteract the
bactericidal action of cathelicidins during the colonization of their respective
host species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Do Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Gi Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author: Soo-Jin Yang, Department of
Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute
for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. Tel:
+82-2-880-1185, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Jeong H, Shin H, Hong S, Kim Y. Physiological Roles of Monomeric Amyloid-β and Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:65-88. [PMID: 35673997 PMCID: PMC9194638 DOI: 10.5607/en22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively inflicts impairment of synaptic functions with notable deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques within the extracellular space of the brain. Accordingly, therapeutic directions for AD have focused on clearing Aβ plaques or preventing amyloidogenesis based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, the emerging evidence suggests that Aβ serves biological roles, which include suppressing microbial infections, regulating synaptic plasticity, promoting recovery after brain injury, sealing leaks in the blood-brain barrier, and possibly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. More importantly, these functions were found in in vitro and in vivo investigations in a hormetic manner, that is to be neuroprotective at low concentrations and pathological at high concentrations. We herein summarize the physiological roles of monomeric Aβ and current Aβ-directed therapies in clinical trials. Based on the evidence, we propose that novel therapeutics targeting Aβ should selectively target Aβ in neurotoxic forms such as oligomers while retaining monomeric Aβ in order to preserve the physiological functions of Aβ monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Jeong
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Changes in the Profile of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites as Well as Serum Metabolites and Proteome After Dietary Inulin Supplementation in Dairy Cows With Subclinical Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809139. [PMID: 35479637 PMCID: PMC9037088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of mastitis is linked to dysbiostic gastrointestinal microbiota. Inulin is a dietary prebiotic that improves the profile of intestinal flora. Our previous study showed that inulin supplementation could improve the ruminal microbes of subclinical mastitis (SCM) cows. The current study attempted to further investigate the response of hindgut (fecal) microbiome and metabolites, serum metabolism, and protein expression to inulin in the in SCM cows. Different levels of inulin (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow) were supplemented in SCM cows. Compared with control group, Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria were increased, and Paeniclostridium, Ruminococcaceae, Coprococcus, and Clostridia were decreased in the feces of inulin groups, and accompanied with elevated propionate and butyrate concentrations, while secondary bile acid (SBA) metabolites were increased and proinflammatory lipid oxidation products were dropped in both feces and serum. In serum, inulin intake suppressed the levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Serum proteome analysis found that CD44 antigen, phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D, apolipoprotein A-II, and superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] were upregulated, while cathelicidin-1, haptoglobin, serpin A3, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 were downregulated in inulin groups. These findings suggested further evidence for inulin supplementation in amelioration of inflammatory symptoms in SCM cows, which might provide alternative treatment for mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Heselpoth RD, Euler CW, Fischetti VA. PaP1, a Broad-Spectrum Lysin-Derived Cationic Peptide to Treat Polymicrobial Skin Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817228. [PMID: 35369520 PMCID: PMC8965563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most skin infections, including those complicating burns, are polymicrobial involving multiple causative bacteria. Add to this the fact that many of these organisms may be antibiotic-resistant, and a simple skin lesion or burn could soon become life-threatening. Membrane-acting cationic peptides from Gram-negative bacteriophage lysins can potentially aid in addressing the urgent need for alternative therapeutics. Such peptides natively constitute an amphipathic region within the structural composition of these lysins and function to permit outer membrane permeabilization in Gram-negative bacteria when added externally. This consequently allows the lysin to access and degrade the peptidoglycan substrate, resulting in rapid hypotonic lysis and bacterial death. When separated from the lysin, some of these cationic peptides kill sensitive bacteria more effectively than the native molecule via both outer and cytoplasmic membrane disruption. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of a modified cationic peptide from the broad-acting lysin PlyPa01. The peptide, termed PaP1, exhibited potent in vitro bactericidal activity toward numerous high priority Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including all the antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Both planktonic and biofilm-state bacteria were sensitive to the peptide, and results from time-kill assays revealed PaP1 kills bacteria on contact. The peptide was bactericidal over a wide temperature and pH range and could withstand autoclaving without loss of activity. However, high salt concentrations and complex matrices were found to be largely inhibitory, limiting its use to topical applications. Importantly, unlike other membrane-acting antimicrobials, PaP1 lacked cytotoxicity toward human cells. Results from a murine burn wound infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa validated the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of PaP1. In these studies, the peptide enhanced the potency of topical antibiotics used clinically for treating chronic wound infections. Despite the necessity for additional preclinical drug development, the collective data from our study support PaP1 as a potential broad-spectrum monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for the topical treatment of polymicrobial infections and provide a foundation for engineering future lysin-derived peptides with improved antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Heselpoth
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan D. Heselpoth,
| | - Chad W. Euler
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Höltig D, Reiner G. [Opportunities and risks of the use of genetic resistances to infectious diseases in pigs - an overview]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:46-58. [PMID: 35235982 DOI: 10.1055/a-1751-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Demands for health, performance and welfare in pigs, as well as the desire for consumer protection and reduced antibiotic use, require optimal measures in advance of disease development. This includes, in principle, the use of genetically more resistant lines and breeding animals, whose existence has been proven for a wide range of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, attempts are being made to identify the gene variants responsible for disease resistance in order to force the selection of suitable populations, also using modern biotechnical technics. The present work is intended to provide an overview of the research status achieved in this context and to highlight opportunities and risks for the future.The evaluation of the international literature shows that genetic disease resistance exist in many areas of swine diseases. However, polygenic inheritance, lack of animal models and the influence of environmental factors during evaluation render their implementation in practical breeding programs demanding. This is where modern molecular genetic methods, such as Gene Editing, come into play. Both approaches possess their pros and cons, which are discussed in this paper. The most important infectious diseases in pigs, including general diseases and epizootics, diseases of the respiratory and digestive tract and diseases of the immune system are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höltig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere, forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Grondelle MO, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP. Modulation of outer membrane vesicle-based immune responses by cathelicidins. Vaccine 2022; 40:2399-2408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
62
|
Giagu A, Penati M, Traini S, Dore S, Addis MF. Milk proteins as mastitis markers in dairy ruminants - a systematic review. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:329-351. [PMID: 35195874 PMCID: PMC9165246 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most impacting diseases in dairy farming, and its sensitive and specific detection is therefore of the greatest importance. The clinical evaluation of udder and mammary secretions is typically combined with the milk Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and often accompanied by its bacteriological culture to identify the causative microorganism. In a constant search for improvement, several non-enzymatic milk proteins, including milk amyloid A (M-SAA), haptoglobin (HP), cathelicidin (CATH), and lactoferrin (LF), have been investigated as alternative biomarkers of mastitis for their relationship with mammary gland inflammation, and immunoassay techniques have been developed for detection with varying degrees of success. To provide a general overview of their implementation in the different dairy species, we carried out a systematic review of the scientific literature using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Our review question falls within the type “Diagnostic test accuracy questions” and aims at answering the diagnostic question: “Which are the diagnostic performances of mastitis protein biomarkers investigated by immunoassays in ruminant milk?”. Based on 13 keywords combined into 42 searches, 523 manuscripts were extracted from three scientific databases. Of these, 33 passed the duplicate removal, title, abstract, and full-text screening for conformity to the review question and document type: 78.8% investigated cows, 12.1% sheep, 9.1% goats, and 6.1% buffaloes (some included more than one dairy species). The most frequently mentioned protein was M-SAA (48.5%), followed by HP (27.3%), CATH (24.2%) and LF (21.2%). However, the large amount of heterogeneity among studies in terms of animal selection criteria (45.5%), index test (87.9%), and standard reference test (27.3%) resulted in a collection of data not amenable to meta-analysis, a common finding illustrating how important it is for case definitions and other criteria to be standardized between studies. Therefore, results are presented according to the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis) guidelines. We summarize the main findings reported in the 33 selected articles for the different markers and report their results in form of comparative tables including sample selection criteria, marker values, and diagnostic performances, where available. Finally, we report the study limitations and bias assessment findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giagu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Mastopatie degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Sassari, Italy
- ARES Sardegna, ASL, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Traini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Simone Dore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Mastopatie degli Ovini e dei Caprini, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yang Y, Wu J, Li Q, Wang J, Mu L, Hui L, Li M, Xu W, Yang H, Wei L. A non-bactericidal cathelicidin provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection by driving phagocyte influx. eLife 2022; 11:72849. [PMID: 35195067 PMCID: PMC8865851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of bactericidal cathelicidins against bacterial infection have been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial property and mechanism of action of non-bactericidal cathelicidins are rarely known. Herein, a novel naturally occurring cathelicidin (PopuCATH) from tree frog (Polypedates puerensis) did not show any direct anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Intriguingly, intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH before bacterial inoculation significantly reduced the bacterial load in tree frogs and mice, and reduced the inflammatory response induced by bacterial inoculation in mice. PopuCATH pretreatment also increased the survival rates of septic mice induced by a lethal dose of bacterial inoculation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH significantly drove the leukocyte influx in both frogs and mice. In mice, PopuCATH rapidly drove neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage influx in mouse abdominal cavity and peripheral blood with a negligible impact on T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, were required for the preventive efficacy of PopuCATH. PopuCATH did not directly act as chemoattractant for phagocytes, but PopuCATH obviously drove phagocyte migration when it was cultured with macrophages. PopuCATH significantly elicited chemokine/cytokine production in macrophages through activating p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB p65. PopuCATH markedly enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis via promoting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, PopuCATH showed low side effects both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, PopuCATH acts as a host-based immune defense regulator that provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection without direct antimicrobial effects. Our findings reveal a non-bactericidal cathelicidin which possesses unique anti-bacterial action, and highlight the potential of PopuCATH to prevent bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Hui
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Fischer TF, Beck-Sickinger AG. Chemerin - exploring a versatile adipokine. Biol Chem 2022; 403:625-642. [PMID: 35040613 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a small chemotactic protein and a key player in initiating the early immune response. As an adipokine, chemerin is also involved in energy homeostasis and the regulation of reproductive functions. Secreted as inactive prochemerin, it relies on proteolytic activation by serine proteases to exert biological activity. Chemerin binds to three distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), namely chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, recently named chemerin1), G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1, recently named chemerin2), and CC-motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Only CMKLR1 displays conventional G protein signaling, while GPR1 only recruits arrestin in response to ligand stimulation, and no CCRL2-mediated signaling events have been described to date. However, GPR1 undergoes constitutive endocytosis, making this receptor perfectly adapted as decoy receptor. Here, we discuss expression pattern, activation, and receptor binding of chemerin. Moreover, we review the current literature regarding the involvement of chemerin in cancer and several obesity-related diseases, as well as recent developments in therapeutic targeting of the chemerin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C. A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential? FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:832976. [PMID: 35098213 PMCID: PMC8795861 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.832976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Batista Araujo J, Sastre de Souza G, Lorenzon EN. Indolicidin revisited: biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of an antimicrobial peptide not yet fully explored. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:39. [PMID: 35018535 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, viruses and tumors is a serious threat to public health. Among natural peptides, indolicidin, a 13-residue peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family, deserves special attention. Indolicidin has a broad spectrum of biological activity and is active against a wide range of targets, such as bacteria (Gram+ and Gram-), fungi and viruses. Here, we review the most important features of the biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of indolicidin and its analogs. Although not yet approved for commercialization, this peptide has great potential to be applied in different areas, including the medical, biomedical, food industry and other unexplored areas. To achieve this goal, a multidisciplinary team of researchers must work together to fine tune peptides that overall lead to novel analogs and formulations to combat existing and possibly future diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Sastre de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Zhu Y, Hao W, Wang X, Ouyang J, Deng X, Yu H, Wang Y. Antimicrobial peptides, conventional antibiotics, and their synergistic utility for the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1377-1422. [PMID: 34984699 DOI: 10.1002/med.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), are important effector immune defense molecules in multicellular organisms. AMPs exert their antimicrobial activities through several mechanisms; thus far, induction of drug resistance through AMPs has been regarded as unlikely. Therefore, they have great potential as new generation antimicrobial agents. To date, more than 30 AMP-related drugs are in the clinical trial phase. In recent years, studies show that some AMPs and conventional antibiotics have synergistic effects. The combined use of AMPs and antibiotics can kill drug-resistant pathogens, prevent drug resistance, and significantly improve the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the progress in synergistic studies on AMPs and conventional antibiotics. An overview of the current understanding of the functional scope of AMPs, ongoing clinical trials, and challenges in the development processes are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijing Hao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Janicka-Kłos A, Czapor-Irzabek H, Janek T. The Potential Antimicrobial Action of Human Mucin 7 15-Mer Peptide and Its Metal Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010418. [PMID: 35008844 PMCID: PMC8745124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 7 (encoded byMUC7) is a human salivary protein that has a role in the natural immune system. Fragments of mucin 7 exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast. Although the antimicrobial properties of peptides have been known and studied for decades, the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is still unclear. It is known that some AMPs require divalent metal ions to activate their activity. Herein, we investigated three 15-mer MUC7 peptides, one of which (mother peptide, sequence, L3) is a synthetic analog of a fragment naturally excised from MUC7 (with His3, His8, and His 14) and its two structural analogs, containing only two histidine residues, His3, His13 and His8, His13 (L2 and L1, respectively). Since there is a correlation between lipophilicity, the presence of metal ions (such as Cu(II) and Zn(II)) and antimicrobial activity of AMP, antimicrobial properties of the studied peptides, as well as their complexes with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, were tested for activity against Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans). The results were correlated with their lipophilicity. Coordination and thermodynamic studies (potentiometry, UV-Vis, CD) revealed the formation of mainly mononuclear complexes in solution for all studied systems with different stability in the physiological pH range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janicka-Kłos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Czapor-Irzabek
- Laboratory of Elemental Analysts and Structural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Vang CK, Dawrs SN, Oberlag NM, Gilmore AE, Hasan NA, Honda JR. Comparative survival of environmental and clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates in a variety of diverse host cells. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3302-3314. [PMID: 34919308 PMCID: PMC9306708 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MABS) is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen found globally in freshwater biofilms and soil. Typically, isolates are treated as a uniform group of organisms and very little is known about their comparative survival in healthy host cells. We posit that environmentally‐ and clinically derived isolates, show differential infectivity in immune cells and resistance to innate defenses. Methods and Results Six MABS isolates were tested including three water biofilm/soil and three sputum‐derived isolates. A clinical MABS type strain and an environmental isolate of Arthrobacter were also included. MABS counts were significantly higher compared to Arthrobacter after co‐culture with Acanthamoeba lenticulata, BEAS‐2B epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and the THP‐1 macrophage cell line. A rough sputum‐derived MABS isolate emerged as an isolate with higher virulence compared to others tested, as both a pellicle and cord former, survivor in the human cell models tested, inducer of high and prolonged production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the capacity to evade LL‐37. Conclusions Findings support intraspecies variation between MABS isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study These data indicate subversion of host immune defenses by environmental and clinical MABS isolates is nuanced and maybe isolate dependent, providing new information regarding the pathogenesis of NTM infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmie K Vang
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie N Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole M Oberlag
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Anah E Gilmore
- Professional Biomedical Science Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nabeeh A Hasan
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Harten RM, de Jonge EF, Brouwers JF, van de Lest CH, Veldhuizen EJ, Tommassen J, Haagsman HP. PMAP-36 reduces the innate immune response induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica-derived outer membrane vesicles. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100010. [PMID: 34841304 PMCID: PMC8610334 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs), such as cathelicidins, are small, cationic, amphipathic peptides and represent an important part of the innate immune system. Most cathelicidins, including the porcine PMAP-36, are membrane active and disrupt the bacterial membrane. For example, a chicken cathelicidin, CATH-2, has been previously shown to disrupt both Escherichia coli membranes and to release, at sub-lethal concentrations, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Since OMVs are considered promising vaccine candidates, we sought to investigate the effect of sub-bactericidal concentrations of PMAP-36 on both OMV release by a porcine strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica and on the modulation of immune responses to OMVs. PMAP-36 treatment of bacteria resulted in a slight increase in OMV release. The characteristics of PMAP-36-induced OMVs were compared with those of spontaneously released OMVs and OMVs induced by heat treatment. The stability of both PMAP-36- and heat-induced OMVs was decreased compared to spontaneous OMVs, as shown by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, treatment of bacteria with PMAP-36 or heat resulted in an increase in negatively charged phospholipids in the resulting OMVs. A large increase in lysophospholipid content was observed in heat-induced OMVs, which was at least partially due to the activity of the outer-membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA). Although PMAP-36 was detected in OMVs isolated from PMAP-36-treated bacteria, the immune response of porcine bone-marrow-derived macrophages to these OMVs was similar as those against spontaneous or heat-induced OMVs. Therefore, the effect of PMAP-36 addition after OMV isolation was investigated. This did decrease cytokine expression of OMV-stimulated macrophages. These results indicate that PMAP-36 is a promising molecule to attenuate undesirable immune responses, for instance in vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal M. Versluis
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel M. van Harten
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline F. de Jonge
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H.A. van de Lest
- Section of Cell biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J.A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
In vitro activity of the antimicrobial peptides h-Lf1-11, MSI-78, LL-37, fengycin 2B, and magainin-2 against clinically important bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:171-177. [PMID: 34735710 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antibacterial activity of the antimicrobial peptides h-Lf1-11, MSI-78, LL-37, fengycin 2B, and magainin-2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution technique according to CLSI (M07-A9, 2012) against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The MSI-78 showed potent bactericidal activity with MIC range of 1.25-40 mg/L against all bacterial strains. The h-Lf1-11, magainin-2, and LL-37 exhibited moderate activity (MIC range of 40-160, 80-160, and 40-160 mg/L, respectively) while the fengycin 2B did not show significant activity against all bacterial strains tested. These results revealed that MSI-78, h-Lf1-11, magainin-2, and LL-37 have great potential as antibacterial agents and their activity deserves to be more explored in further studies for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
72
|
Design of a peptide-based vaccine from late stage specific immunogenic cross-reactive antigens of PE/PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106051. [PMID: 34744006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since decades now, Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading cause of death globally. Innovative and extensive research strategies are necessary to lower TB incidence and achieve the End TB Strategy milestone. Epitope-based vaccine designing and development provides a promising solution with high efficacy and effectiveness. Mining of less studied genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is crucial for recognizing potential antigenic peptide epitopes which can mount protective immune response in host. Many proteins from ESX associated Proline-Glutamate (PE)/ Proline-Proline-Glutamate (PPE) family are virulence factors and alter host mediated immune response against the pathogen. In the present study, we have targeted 34 late stage expressing (being expressed at 90 days) PE/PPE proteins of Mtb for prediction and identification of promiscuous, immunogenic and cross-reactive CD4+ T cell specific epitopes. We found a total of 149 promiscuous and cross-reactive epitopes out of which 42 were antigenic as well. Further, we shortlisted top 10 Promiscuous, Cross-reactive CD4+ T cell specific, Antigenic Peptide Epitopes (PCAPEs) which were characterized to be non-allergenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine inducing in nature. These epitopes also showed strong binding affinity for CD8+ T cell restricted Major Histo-compatibility Complex (MHC) class I alleles. Additionally, these PCAPEs showed wide population coverage of 99.6% globally for both MHC class I and class II alleles. Molecular docking studies were conducted to confirm the affinity of these shortlisted peptides for widely occurring MHC alleles. Additionally, we performed codon adaptation and in silico cloning of the recombinant vaccine construct incorporating EsxA (ESAT-6) as an adjuvant and the 10 selected PCAPEs joined by linkers. The recombinant vaccine construct showed strong affinity for Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) immune receptor in docking studies. In silico prediction based study using C-ImmSim server shows significant population of Th1 type immune cells with memory cells lasting for months in response to our vaccine administration. Since, majority of TB vaccines under clinical trials are antigens expressed at early stages; a combinatorial approach inclusive of peptide epitopes derived from proteins being expressed at all stages could be a promising strategy to design and develop effective TB vaccine. Synthesis and experimental validation of this multi-epitopic recombinant TB vaccine construct may result in an effective vaccine to confer protection against Mtb.
Collapse
|
73
|
Synergy Mechanisms of Daptomycin-Fosfomycin Combinations in Daptomycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus: In vitro, Ex vivo and In vivo Metrics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0164921. [PMID: 34694870 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01649-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased usage of daptomycin (DAP) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has led to emergence of DAP-resistant (DAP-R) strains, resulting in treatment failures. DAP-fosfomycin (Fosfo) combinations are synergistically active against MRSA, although the mechanism(s) of this interaction are not fully understood. The current study explores four unique, but likely interrelated activities of DAP-Fosfo combinations: i) synergistic killing; ii) prevention of evolution of DAP-R; iii) resensitization of already DAP-R subpopulations to a DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) phenotype; and iv) perturbations of specific cell envelope phenotypes known to correlate with DAP-R in MRSA. Using an isogenic DAP-S (CB1483) / DAP-R (CB185) clinical MRSA strain-pair, we demonstrated that DAP + Fosfo combinations: i) enhanced killing of both strains in vitro and ex vivo; ii) increased target tissue clearances of the DAP-R strain in an in vivo model of experimental infective endocarditis (IE); iii) prevented emergence of DAP-R in the DAP-S parental strain both in vitro and ex vivo; and iv) resensitized the DAP-R strain to a DAP-S phenotype ex vivo. Phenotypically, following exposure to sub-MIC Fosfo, the DAP-S/ DAP-R strain-pair exhibited distinct modifications in: i) net positive surface charge (p<0.0001); ii) quantity (p<0.0001) and localization of cell membrane cardiolipin (CL); iii) DAP surface binding; and iv) membrane fluidity (p <0.0001). Furthermore, pre-conditioning to this strain-pair to DAP +/- Fosfo sensitized these organisms to killing by the human host defense peptide, LL37. These data underscore the notion that DAP-Fosfo combinations can impact MRSA clearances within multiple microenvironments, likely based on specific phenotypic adaptations.
Collapse
|
74
|
Efficacy of Cathelicidin LL-37 in an MRSA Wound Infection Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101210. [PMID: 34680791 PMCID: PMC8532939 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: LL-37 is the only human antimicrobial peptide that belongs to the cathelicidins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of LL-37 in the management of MRSA-infected surgical wounds in mice. Methods: A wound on the back of adult male BALB/c mice was made and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Two control groups were formed (uninfected and not treated, C0; infected and not treated, C1) and six contaminated groups were treated, respectively, with: teicoplanin, LL-37, given topically and /or systemically. Histological examination of VEGF expression and micro-vessel density, and bacterial cultures of wound tissues, were performed. Results: Histological examination of wounds in the group treated with topical and intraperitoneal LL-37 showed increased re-epithelialization, formation of the granulation tissue, collagen organization, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Based on the mode of action, LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds.
Collapse
|
75
|
Potential Novel Biomarkers for Mastitis Diagnosis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102783. [PMID: 34679803 PMCID: PMC8532728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is an important disease of dairy sheep. Mastitis management depends mainly on the diagnosis. Conventional diagnostic methods including somatic cell count, California Mastitis Test, and microbial culture have limitations. Therefore researchers are looking for new diagnostic biomarkers of mastitis including specific proteins produced by the liver in case of disease (acute phase proteins), unique genetic sequences (miRNAs), or antimicrobial peptides produced by immune cells during inflammation (cathelicidines). Abstract This review aims to characterize promising novel markers of ovine mastitis. Mastitis is considered as one of the primary factors for premature culling in dairy sheep and has noticeable financial, productional, and animal welfare-related implications. Furthermore, clinical, and subclinical mammary infections negatively affect milk yield and alter the milk composition, thereby leading to lowered quality of dairy products. It is, therefore, crucial to control and prevent mastitis through proper diagnosis, treatment or culling, and appropriate udder health management particularly at the end of the lactation period. The clinical form of mastitis is characterized by abnormalities in milk and mammary gland tissue alteration or systemic symptoms consequently causing minor diagnostic difficulties. However, to identify ewes with subclinical mastitis, laboratory diagnostics is crucial. Mastitis control is primarily dependent on determining somatic cell count (SCC) and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), which aim to detect the quantity of cells in the milk sample. The other useful diagnostic tool is microbial culture, which complements SCC and CMT. However, all mentioned diagnostic methods have their limitations and therefore novel biomarkers of ovine subclinical mastitis are highly desired. These sensitive indicators include acute-phase proteins, miRNA, and cathelicidins measurements, which could be determined in ovine serum and/or milk and in the future may become useful in early mastitis diagnostics as well as a preventive tool. This may contribute to increased detection of ovine mammary gland inflammation in sheep, especially in subclinical form, and consequently improves milk quality and quantity.
Collapse
|
76
|
Simora RMC, Wang W, Coogan M, El Husseini N, Terhune JS, Dunham RA. Effectiveness of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide against Ictalurid Catfish Bacterial Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34121235 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals in aquaculture is to protect fish against infectious diseases as disease outbreaks could lead to economic losses if not controlled. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of highly conserved peptides known to possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens, were evaluated for their ability to protect Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) against infection caused by the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. To identify effective peptides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773, Edwardsiella piscicida E22-10, A. hydrophila ML09-119, Aeromonas veronii 03X03876, and Flavobacterium columnare GL-001 were determined in vitro. In general and overall, cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake exhibited more potent and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested catfish pathogens as compared to cecropin and pleurocidin AMPs and ampicillin, the antibiotic control. When the peptides (2.5 µg of peptide/g of fish) were injected into fish and simultaneously challenged with A. hydrophila through immersion, increased survival rates in Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish were observed in both cathelicidin (alligator and sea snake) treatments as compared to other peptides and the infected control (P < 0.001) with alligator cathelicidin being the overall best treatment. Bacterial numbers in the kidney and liver of Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish also decreased (P < 0.05) for cathelicidin-injected groups at 24 and 48 h after challenge infection. These results show the potential of cathelicidin to protect catfish against bacterial infections and suggest that an approach overexpressing the peptide in transgenic fish, which is the long-term goal of this research program, may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems in catfish as delivering the peptides via individual injection or feeding would not be economically feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Mae C Simora
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Coogan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Nour El Husseini
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery S Terhune
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chen J, Lin YF, Chen JH, Chen X, Lin ZH. Molecular characterization of cathelicidin in tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus): Antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory activity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109072. [PMID: 33965586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are an important antimicrobial peptide family and are expressed in many different vertebrates. They play an important role in the innate immune system of the host. However, amphibian cathelicidins are poorly understood. In this study, the cDNA of the cathelicidin gene was obtained from the skin transcriptome of tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus). The predicted amino acid sequence of tiger frog cathelicidin (HR-CATH) comprises a signal peptide, a cathelin domain, and a mature peptide. The HR-CATH amino acid sequence alignment with other frog cathelicidins showed that the functional mature peptide is highly variable in amphibians, whereas the cathelin domain is conserved. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HR-CATH is most closely related to cathelicidin-NV from Nanorana ventripunctata. HR-CATH was chemically synthesized and its in vitro activity was determined. It had high antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. HR-CATH damaged the cell membrane integrity of A. hydrophila according to a lactate dehydrogenase release assay and was able to hydrolyze the genomic DNA from A. hydrophila in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in RAW264.7 cells (mouse leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line), HR-CATH induced chemotaxis and enhanced respiratory burst. Our study shows that amphibian cathelicidin has antimicrobial activity and an immunomodulatory effect on immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - You-Fu Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Luo X, Ouyang J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Fu L, Xiao N, Gao L, Zhang P, Zhou J, Wang Y. A novel anionic cathelicidin lacking direct antimicrobial activity but with potent anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities from the salamander Tylototriton kweichowensis. Biochimie 2021; 191:37-50. [PMID: 34438004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin is a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) existing in vertebrates, which play multiple functions in host responses against environmental stresses. All cathelicidins identified to date are cationic, no anionic member with net negative charges has been reported. In the present study, a novel anionic cathelicidin (TK-CATH) with a net charge of -3 was identified from the skin of the salamander, T. kweichowensis. Unlike most other cathelicidin members, it didn't exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. However, it demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity. It effectively inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and protein production in amphibian leukocytes and mouse macrophages by inhibiting the LPS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, TK-CATH showed potent wound healing activity. It could effectively induce the production of several cytokines, chemokines and growth factors relating to wound healing, promote the motility and proliferation of keratinocytes, and accelerate the skin wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model. These results imply that TK-CATH participates in both the inflammatory phase and new tissue formation phase of wound repair process. Meanwhile, TK-CATH exhibited weak but effective free radical scavenging activity and low cytotoxicity. All the results above indicate that TK-CATH is a multifunctional peptide in the skin of the salamander T. kweichowensis. It may play important roles in host immune responses against bacterial infection and skin wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjin Luo
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Guiyang Nursing Vacational College, Guiyang, 550014, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Islam MS, Mohamed G, Polash SA, Hasan MA, Sultana R, Saiara N, Dong W. Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants: A cDNA-Library Based Isolation, Purification, Characterization Approach and Elucidating Their Modes of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8712. [PMID: 34445412 PMCID: PMC8395713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in a natural ecosystem, plants are continuously threatened by various microbial diseases. To save themselves from these diverse infections, plants build a robust, multilayered immune system through their natural chemical compounds. Among the several crucial bioactive compounds possessed by plants' immune systems, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) rank in the first tier. These AMPs are environmentally friendly, anti-pathogenic, and do not bring harm to humans. Antimicrobial peptides can be isolated in several ways, but recombinant protein production has become increasingly popular in recent years, with the Escherichia coli expression system being the most widely used. However, the efficacy of this expression system is compromised due to the difficulty of removing endotoxin from its system. Therefore, this review suggests a high-throughput cDNA library-based plant-derived AMP isolation technique using the Bacillus subtilis expression system. This method can be performed for large-scale screening of plant sources to classify unique or homologous AMPs for the agronomic and applied field of plant studies. Furthermore, this review also focuses on the efficacy of plant AMPs, which are dependent on their numerous modes of action and exceptional structural stability to function against a wide range of invaders. To conclude, the findings from this study will be useful in investigating how novel AMPs are distributed among plants and provide detailed guidelines for an effective screening strategy of AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Samiul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.I.); (G.M.)
| | - Gamarelanbia Mohamed
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.I.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Md. Amit Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Razia Sultana
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Noshin Saiara
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.I.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Valdez-Miramontes CE, De Haro-Acosta J, Aréchiga-Flores CF, Verdiguel-Fernández L, Rivas-Santiago B. Antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals and their applications in veterinary medicine. Peptides 2021; 142:170576. [PMID: 34033877 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. These peptides are widely distributed in insects, amphibians and mammals. Indeed, they are key molecules of the innate immune system with remarkable antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Besides, these peptides have also shown regulatory activity for gut microbiota and have been considered inductors of growth performance. The current review describes the updated findings of antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals, such as bovines, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, canines and felines, analyzing the most relevant aspects of their use as potential therapeutics and their applications in Veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Valdez-Miramontes
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Jeny De Haro-Acosta
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - C F Aréchiga-Flores
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - L Verdiguel-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - B Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Al Adwani S, Padhi A, Karadottir H, Mörman C, Gräslund A, Végvári Á, Johansson J, Rising A, Agerberth B, Bergman P. Citrullination Alters the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of the Host Defense Peptide Canine Cathelicidin K9CATH In Vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:974-984. [PMID: 34282000 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
K9CATH is the sole cathelicidin in canines (dogs) and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. K9CATH also modulates inflammatory responses and binds to LPS. These activities depend on the secondary structure and a net-positive charge of the peptide. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) convert cationic peptidyl arginine to neutral citrulline. Thus, we hypothesized that citrullination is a biologically relevant modification of the peptide that would reduce the antibacterial and LPS-binding activities of K9CATH. Recombinant PAD2 and PAD4 citrullinated K9CATH to various extents and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that both native and citrullinated K9CATH exhibited similar α-helical secondary structures. Notably, citrullination of K9CATH reduced its bactericidal activity, abolished its ability to permeabilize the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reduced the hemolytic capacity. Electron microscopy showed that citrullinated K9CATH did not cause any morphological changes of Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the native peptide caused clear alterations of membrane integrity, concordant with a rapid bactericidal effect. Finally, citrullination of K9CATH impaired its capacity to inhibit LPS-mediated release of proinflammatory molecules from mouse and canine macrophages. In conclusion, citrullination attenuates the antibacterial and the LPS-binding properties of K9CATH, demonstrating the importance of a net positive charge for antibacterial lysis of bacteria and LPS-binding effects and suggests that citrullination is a means to regulate cathelicidin activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Al Adwani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Avinash Padhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Harpa Karadottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Mörman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; .,Infectious Disease Clinic, Immunodeficiency Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Scale-up production of and dietary supplementation with the recombinant antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 to improve growth performance in Gallus gallus domesticus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253661. [PMID: 34166442 PMCID: PMC8224963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short and positively charged peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. AMPs have been investigated as potential antibiotic alternatives to improve growth performance and prevent pathogen infection in the poultry industry. The antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) was derived from Oreochromis niloticus, possesses antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory properties, promotes intestinal health, and protects against pathogen infection. The codon-optimized sequence of TP4 was introduced into the pPICZαA vector and transformed into Pichia pastoris. Large-scale expression was induced following culture with methanol in a 500-liter fermenter. Freeze drying of fermented rTP4 broth and then rTP4 evaluation as a feed additive for Gallus gallus domesticus were performed. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of recombinant TP4 (rTP4) against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens was evaluated. Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the antimicrobial activity of rTP4 showed its high stability at high temperatures. rTP4 significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells, indicating that rTP4 has a remarkable ability to stimulate macrophages. rTP4 was used as a dietary supplement at 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12% in G. g. domesticus for five weeks, and growth performance, gut microbiota composition, and histology were assessed. The 3.0% rTP4 supplement group showed a significant increase in weight gain ratio and feed efficiency compared to those of the basal broiler diet group. Crude rTP4 was expressed by yeast to significantly promote growth efficiency and resistance against pathogens in G. g. domesticus, which could indicate its use as a suitable alternative to antibiotics as feed additives in the poultry industry.
Collapse
|
83
|
Körtvélyessy G, Tarjányi T, Baráth ZL, Minarovits J, Tóth Z. Bioactive coatings for dental implants: A review of alternative strategies to prevent peri-implantitis induced by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe 2021; 70:102404. [PMID: 34146701 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of oral bacterial communities form biofilms not only on tooth surfaces but also on the surface of dental implants that replace natural teeth. Prolonged interaction of host cells with biofilm-forming anaerobes frequently elicits peri-implantitis, a destructive inflammatory disease accompanied by alveolar bone loss leading to implant failure. Here we wish to overview how the deposition of bioactive peptides to dental implant surfaces could potentially inhibit bacterial colonization and the development of peri-implantisis. One preventive strategy is based on natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) immobilized on titanium surfaces. AMPs are capable to destroy both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria directly. An alternative strategy aims at coating implant surfaces - especially the transmucosal part - with peptides facilitating the attachment of gingival epithelial cells and connective tissue cells. These cells produce AMPs and may form a soft tissue seal that prevents oral bacteria from accessing the apical part of the osseointegrated implant. Because a wide variety of titanium-bound peptides were studied in vitro, we wish to concentrate on bioactive peptides of human origin and some of their derivatives. Furthermore, special attention will be given to peptides effective under in vivo test conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Győző Körtvélyessy
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tarjányi
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Zoltán L Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tóth
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 6720, Szeged, Dóm Tér 9, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Unlocking the Non-IgE-Mediated Pseudo-Allergic Reaction Puzzle with Mas-Related G-Protein Coupled Receptor Member X2 (MRGPRX2). Cells 2021; 10:cells10051033. [PMID: 33925682 PMCID: PMC8146469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MRGPRX2) is a class A GPCR expressed on mast cells. Mast cells are granulated tissue-resident cells known for host cell response, allergic response, and vascular homeostasis. Immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI)-mediated mast cell activation is a well-studied and recognized mechanism of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. However, non-IgE-mediated mast cell activation is less explored and is not well recognized. After decades of uncertainty, MRGPRX2 was discovered as the receptor responsible for non-IgE-mediated mast cells activation. The puzzle of non-IgE-mediated pseudo-allergic reaction is unlocked by MRGPRX2, evidenced by a plethora of reported endogenous and exogenous MRGPRX2 agonists. MRGPRX2 is exclusively expressed on mast cells and exhibits varying affinity for many molecules such as antimicrobial host defense peptides, neuropeptides, and even US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. The discovery of MRGPRX2 has changed our understanding of mast cell biology and filled the missing link of the underlying mechanism of drug-induced MC degranulation and pseudo-allergic reactions. These non-canonical characteristics render MRGPRX2 an intriguing player in allergic diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the emerging role of MRGPRX2 as a non-IgE-mediated mechanism of mast cell activation in pseudo-allergic reactions. We have presented an overview of mast cells, their receptors, structural insight into MRGPRX2, MRGPRX2 agonists and antagonists, the crucial role of MRGPRX2 in pseudo-allergic reactions, current challenges, and the future research direction.
Collapse
|
85
|
Pérez de la Lastra JM, Asensio-Calavia P, González-Acosta S, Baca-González V, Morales-delaNuez A. Bioinformatic Analysis of Genome-Predicted Bat Cathelicidins. Molecules 2021; 26:1811. [PMID: 33806967 PMCID: PMC8004601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are unique in their potential to serve as reservoir hosts for intracellular pathogens. Recently, the impact of COVID-19 has relegated bats from biomedical darkness to the frontline of public health as bats are the natural reservoir of many viruses, including SARS-Cov-2. Many bat genomes have been sequenced recently, and sequences coding for antimicrobial peptides are available in the public databases. Here we provide a structural analysis of genome-predicted bat cathelicidins as components of their innate immunity. A total of 32 unique protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database. Interestingly, some bat species contained more than one cathelicidin. We examined the conserved cysteines within the cathelin-like domain and the peptide portion of each sequence and revealed phylogenetic relationships and structural dissimilarities. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity of peptides was examined using bioinformatic tools. The peptides were modeled and subjected to docking analysis with the region binding domain (RBD) region of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The appearance of multiple forms of cathelicidins verifies the complex microbial challenges encountered by these species. Learning more about antiviral defenses of bats and how they drive virus evolution will help scientists to investigate the function of antimicrobial peptides in these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (V.B.-G.); (A.M.-d.)
| | - Patricia Asensio-Calavia
- Biological Activity Service, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain;
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (V.B.-G.); (A.M.-d.)
| | - Victoria Baca-González
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (V.B.-G.); (A.M.-d.)
| | - Antonio Morales-delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (V.B.-G.); (A.M.-d.)
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Yamamoto M, Aizawa R. Maintaining a protective state for human periodontal tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:142-156. [PMID: 33690927 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, caused by infection with periodontal pathogens, is primarily characterized by inflammatory bone resorption and destruction of connective tissue. Simply describing periodontitis as a specific bacterial infection cannot completely explain the various periodontal tissue destruction patterns observed. Periodontal tissue damage is thought to be caused by various factors. In recent years, research goals for periodontal pathogens have shifted from searching for specific pathogens to investigating mechanisms that damage periodontal tissues. Bacteria interact directly with the host in several ways, influencing expression and activity of molecules that evade host defenses, and destroying local tissues and inhibiting their repair. The host's innate and acquired immune systems are important defense mechanisms that protect periodontal tissues from attack and invasion of periodontal pathogens, thus preventing infection. Innate and acquired immunity have evolved to confront the microbial challenge, forming a seamless defense network in periodontal tissues. In the innate immune response, host cells quickly detect, via specialized receptors, macromolecules and nucleic acids present on bacterial cell walls, and this triggers a protective, inflammatory response. The work of this subsystem of host immunity is performed mainly by phagocytes, beta-defensin, and the complement system. In addition, the first line of defense in oral innate immunity is the junctional epithelium, which acts as a physical barrier to the entry of oral bacteria and other nonself substances. In the presence of a normal flora, junctional epithelial cells differentiate actively and proliferate apically, with concomitant increase in chemotactic factor expression recruiting neutrophils. These immune cells play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and the protective state in periodontal tissue because they eliminate unwanted bacteria over time. Previous studies indicate a mechanism for attracting immune cells to periodontal tissue with the purpose of maintaining a protective state; although this mechanism can function without bacteria, it is enhanced by the normal flora. A better understanding of the relationship between the protective state and its disruption in periodontal disease could lead to the development of new treatment strategies for periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Aizawa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Chen K, Yoshimura T, Gong W, Tian C, Huang J, Trinchieri G, Wang JM. Requirement of CRAMP for mouse macrophages to eliminate phagocytosed E. coli through an autophagy pathway. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252148. [PMID: 33468624 PMCID: PMC7970306 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-derived antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the defense against extracellular bacterial infections. However, the capacity of antimicrobial peptides derived from macrophages as potential antibacterial effectors against intracellular pathogens remains unknown. In this study, we report that normal (wild-type, WT) mouse macrophages increased their expression of cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP, encoded by Camp) after infection by viable E. coli or stimulation with inactivated E. coli and its product lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a process involving activation of NF-κB followed by protease-dependent conversion of CRAMP from an inactive precursor to an active form. The active CRAMP was required by WT macrophages for elimination of phagocytosed E. coli, with participation of autophagy-related proteins ATG5, LC3-II and LAMP-1, as well as for aggregation of the bacteria with p62 (also known as SQSTM1). This process was impaired in CRAMP-/- macrophages, resulting in retention of intracellular bacteria and fragmentation of macrophages. These results indicate that CRAMP is a critical component in autophagy-mediated clearance of intracellular E. coli by mouse macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cuimeng Tian
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wang Y, Ouyang J, Luo X, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Zhou J, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of novel bi-functional cathelicidins from the black-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculata) with both anti-infective and antioxidant activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103928. [PMID: 33242568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are an important family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which play pivotal roles in vertebrate immune responses against microbial infections. They are regarded as potential drug leads for the development of novel antimicrobial agents and three related drugs have been developed into clinical trials. Thus, it is meaningful to identify more cathelicidins from vertebrate species. Cathelicidins from ranid frogs possess special structural characteristics and activities, but to date only 12 ranid frog cathelicidins have been identified. In the present study, two novel cathelicidins (PN-CATH1 and 2) were identified from the black-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculata. PN-CATHs possess low sequence similarity with the known cathelicidins. They exhibited moderate, but broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria. They kill bacteria by mainly inducing bacterial membrane disruption and possibly generating intracellular ROS formation. They also possess potent anti-biofilm and persister cell killing activity, indicating their potential in combating infections induced by biofilms-forming bacteria. Besides direct antimicrobial activity, they exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by effectively inhibiting the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages, which could be partly ascribed to their direct LPS-neutralizing ability. Furthermore, PN-CATHs demonstrated powerful in vitro free radical scavenging activities. Ultraviolet radiation significantly increased their in vivo gene expression in frog skin. Meanwhile, they possess weak cytotoxic activity and extremely low hemolytic activity. PN-CATHs represent the first discovery of cathelicidins family AMPs with both potent anti-infective and antioxidant activities. The discovery of PN-CATHs provides potential peptide leads for the development of novel anti-infective and antioxidant drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuanjin Luo
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Biology Department, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China.
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Genetic diversity of Japanese quail cathelicidins. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101046. [PMID: 33780752 PMCID: PMC8039728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese quail is a low-fat, meat-bird species exhibiting high disease resistance. Cathelicidins (CATHs) are host defense peptides conserved across numerous vertebrate species that play an important role in innate immunity. The activity of host defense peptides can be affected by amino acid substitutions. However, no polymorphisms in avian CATH genes have been reported to date. The aim of this study was to clarify the polymorphisms in CATHs in Japanese quail. DNA for genomic analyses was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail from 6 inbred lines. A total of 6, 4, 6, and 4 CjCATH1, -2, -3, and -B1 alleles were identified, respectively. Nine haplotypes, including 4 strain-specific haplotypes, were identified by combining alleles at the CjCATH1, -2, -3, and -B1 loci. In addition, 2 and 1 amino acid substitutions (I145F, Q148H, and P245H) predicted by PROVEAN and PolyPhen-2 to have deleterious effects were detected in CjCATH2 and -B1, respectively. Synthetic CjCATH2 and -B1 peptides exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than chicken CATH2 and -B1, respectively. Furthermore, the CjCATHB1∗04 peptide exhibited less potent antimicrobial activity than other CjCATHB1 peptides examined. This is the first report of amino acid substitutions accompanied by changes in antibacterial activity in avian CATHs. These findings could be employed as indicators of improvements in innate immune response in poultry.
Collapse
|
90
|
Complementary Effects of Carbamylated and Citrullinated LL37 in Autoimmunity and Inflammation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041650. [PMID: 33562078 PMCID: PMC7915858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LL37 acts as T-cell/B-cell autoantigen in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriatic disease. Moreover, when bound to "self" nucleic acids, LL37 acts as "danger signal," leading to type I interferon (IFN-I)/pro-inflammatory factors production. T-cell epitopes derived from citrullinated-LL37 act as better antigens than unmodified LL37 epitopes in SLE, at least in selected HLA-backgrounds, included the SLE-associated HLA-DRB1*1501/HLA-DRB5*0101 backgrounds. Remarkably, while "fully-citrullinated" LL37 acts as better T-cell-stimulator, it loses DNA-binding ability and the associated "adjuvant-like" properties. Since LL37 undergoes a further irreversible post-translational modification, carbamylation and antibodies to carbamylated self-proteins other than LL37 are present in SLE, here we addressed the involvement of carbamylated-LL37 in autoimmunity and inflammation in SLE. We detected carbamylated-LL37 in SLE-affected tissues. Most importantly, carbamylated-LL37-specific antibodies and CD4 T-cells circulate in SLE and both correlate with disease activity. In contrast to "fully citrullinated-LL37," "fully carbamylated-LL37" maintains both innate and adaptive immune-cells' stimulatory abilities: in complex with DNA, carbamylated-LL37 stimulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-α production and B-cell maturation into plasma cells. Thus, we report a further example of how different post-translational modifications of a self-antigen exert complementary effects that sustain autoimmunity and inflammation, respectively. These data also show that T/B-cell responses to carbamylated-LL37 represent novel SLE disease biomarkers.
Collapse
|
91
|
Balhuizen MD, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629090. [PMID: 33613498 PMCID: PMC7889600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Choi MK, Le MT, Cho HS, Lee J, Jeon H, Cha SY, Na M, Chun T, Kim JH, Song H, Park C. Transgenic Mice Overexpressing PG1 Display Corneal Opacity and Severe Inflammation in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1586. [PMID: 33557346 PMCID: PMC7915784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are of interest as alternatives to antibiotics or immunomodulators. We generated and characterized the phenotypes of transgenic mice overexpressing protegrin 1 (PG1), a potent porcine cathelicidin. No obvious differences were observed between PG1 transgenic and wild-type mice in terms of growth, development, general behaviour, and the major immune cell population. However, PG1 transgenic mice intranasally infected with Staphylococcus aureus resulted in a reduction in microscopic pulmonary injury, improved clearance of bacteria, and lower proinflammatory cytokine secretion, compared to those of wild-type mice. On the other hand, approximately 25% of PG1 transgenic mice (n = 54/215) showed corneal opacity and developed inflammation in the eye, resulting ultimately in phthisis bulbi. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PG1 and its activator, neutrophil elastase, localized to the basal cells of the cornea and glands in eyelids, respectively. In addition, apoptosis indicated by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected from flat cells of the cornea. Our study suggests that the expression regulation or localization of AMPs such as PG1 is important to prevent their adverse effects. However, our results also showed that the cytotoxic effects of PG1 on cells could be tolerated in animals, except for the eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Se-Yeoun Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Manheum Na
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Khan AA, Manzoor KN, Sultan A, Saeed M, Rafique M, Noushad S, Talib A, Rentschler S, Deigner HP. Pulling the Brakes on Fast and Furious Multiple Drug-Resistant (MDR) Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E859. [PMID: 33467089 PMCID: PMC7830236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening bacterial infections have been managed by antibiotics for years and have significantly improved the wellbeing and lifetime of humans. However, bacteria have always been one step ahead by inactivating the antimicrobial agent chemically or by producing certain enzymes. The alarming universal occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has compelled researchers to find alternative treatments for MDR infections. This is a menace where conventional chemotherapies are no longer promising, but several novel approaches could help. Our current review article discusses the novel approaches that can combat MDR bacteria: starting off with potential nanoparticles (NPs) that efficiently interact with microorganisms causing fatal changes in the morphology and structure of these cells; nanophotothermal therapy using inorganic NPs like AuNPs to destroy pathogenic bacterial cells; bacteriophage therapy against which bacteria develop less resistance; combination drugs that act on dissimilar targets in distinctive pathways; probiotics therapy by the secretion of antibacterial chemicals; blockage of quorum sensing signals stopping bacterial colonization, and vaccination against resistant bacterial strains along with virulence factors. All these techniques show us a promising future in the fight against MDR bacteria, which remains the greatest challenge in public health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali Khan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Aamir Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Maria Saeed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Mahrukh Rafique
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Sameen Noushad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (K.N.M.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Ayesha Talib
- Mechano(bio)chem Department, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Simone Rentschler
- Center for Precision Medicine, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Center for Precision Medicine, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Leipzig, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lee S, Yoo I, Han J, Ka H. Antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin, PMAP23, and PMAP37: Expression in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy and regulation by steroid hormones and calcitriol in pigs. Theriogenology 2021; 160:1-9. [PMID: 33166849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium, which regulates the reproductive cyclicity and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, is a type of mucosal tissue and is involved in the regulation of immunity. Antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, play critical roles in innate immunity by killing various microbes and modulating host immune properties. The expression and regulation of cathelicidin in female reproductive tissues have been studied in some species, but not determined in pigs, which form a true epitheliochorial placenta. Thus, we determined the expression of Cathelicidin (the conserved common cathelin domain for all porcine cathelicidin family members), PMAP23, and PMAP37 in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The expression of Cathelicidin, PMAP23, and PMAP37 in the endometrium changed during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a stage-specific manner. The mRNA expression of Cathelicidin, PMAP23, and PMAP37 was also detected in conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. Cathelicidin protein was mainly localized to luminal epithelial cells and some immune cells in blood vessels and to chorionic epithelial cells of chorioallantoic membranes during mid-to late pregnancy. The expression of Cathelicidin was induced by calcitriol but increasing doses of estradiol-17β and progesterone did not affect the expression of Cathelicidin, PMAP23, or PMAP37 in endometrial tissues. These results indicate that members of the cathelicidin family were dynamically expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs, suggesting that the cathelicidin family may play important roles in the regulation of innate immunity by mediating antimicrobial activity to protect the maternal and/or conceptus tissues to conserve pregnancy capacity in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Topcu B, Gultekinoglu M, Timur SS, Eroglu I, Ulubayram K, Eroglu H. Current approaches and future prospects of nanofibers: a special focus on antimicrobial drug delivery. J Drug Target 2021; 29:563-575. [PMID: 33345641 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1867991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial nanofibers have a great potential for effective treatment of infections. They act as drug reservoir systems that release higher quantities of antibacterial agents/drug in a controlled manner at infection sites and prevent drug resistance, while concomitantly decreasing the systemic toxicity. With this drug delivery system, it is also possible to achieve multiple drug entrapment and also simultaneous or sequential release kinetics at the site of action. Therefore, advances in antibacterial nanofibers as drug delivery systems were overviewed within this article. Recently published data on antibacterial drug delivery was also summarised to provide a view of the current state of art in this field. Although antibacterial use seems to be limited and one can ask that 'what is left to be discovered?'; recent update literatures in this field highlighted the use of nanofibers from very different perspectives. We believe that readers will be benefiting this review for enlightening of novel ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Topcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Eroglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Cai S, Lu C, Liu Z, Wang W, Lu S, Sun Z, Wang G. Derivatives of gecko cathelicidin-related antioxidant peptide facilitate skin wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173649. [PMID: 33049300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are a class of gene-encoded multifunctional factors in host defence systems. They have recently attracted a great deal of attention as promising drug candidates. Cathelicidins are well studied in vertebrates, yet no studies have been reported concerning gecko cathelicidin. Recently, we identified a novel cathelicidin from Gekko japonicus, Gj-CATH3. Unlike most cathelicidins, Gj-CATH3 exhibits potent antioxidant activity in vitro. Unfortunately, slight toxicity and high synthesis cost restrict its application. Thus, we designed a series of Gj-CATH3 analogues for development of short peptides with improved cell selectivity. Functional analysis showed that two truncated peptides, Gj-CATH3-(38-42)-peptide and Gj-CATH3-(33-42)-peptide, exhibited excellent antioxidant activity against ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Further, cytotoxicity and hemolytic activities were observably lower compared to Gj-CATH3. Interestingly, both peptides also demonstrate significant wound healing properties in a mouse model with full-thickness skin wounds. The peptides induce HaCaT cell proliferation and prevent decreases in SOD activity and increases of MDA concentration in injured-skin tissue. This report is the first to address cathelicidin from reptilia that exhibit potent wound healing activity. Our research will enrich understanding of cathelicidin biological functions, and provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Cai
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Changao Lu
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zhenlei Liu
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Shuxin Lu
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zhaoxing Sun
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Aguilar-Marcelino L, Al-Ani LKT, Freitas Soares FED, Moreira ALE, Téllez-Téllez M, Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta MD, Díaz-Godínez G, Pineda-Alegría JA. Formation, Resistance, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Biofilms: Current Trends and Future Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
98
|
Li Z, Ahmed I, Xu Z, Sun S, Li T, Gu D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan S, Hu W, Jiang Z, Duan X, Li Q, Liu L, Rong H, Wang K, Abdulwahid AM, Dou T, Wang S, Su Z, Ge C, te Pas MFW, Jia J, Huang Y. Profiles of expression pattern and tissue distribution of host defense peptides genes in different chicken (Gallus gallus) breeds related to body weight. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238675. [PMID: 33370283 PMCID: PMC7769465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Selection for increased body weight is hypothesized to be related to reduced immune response. We studied the relationships among body weight, age, and the HDP expression patterns in intestine and immune organs. We used chickens with marked differences of body sizes. The non-selected Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest indexes of immune organs and the lowest concentrations of the plasma immune parameters C3, C4, IgA, and IgY, while the commercial Avian broiler showed the opposite results. The Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest mRNA expressions of HDP genes in small intestine followed by the semi-selected Wuding chickens. Compared with local breeds, broiler chickens showed higher mRNA expression of HDP genes in spleen, thymus, and bursa. Body weight and HDP expression levels were negatively correlated in the intestine and positively in the immune organs. Our results indicated that the HDP immune regulatory roles in small intestine acted as first line of defense in innate immunity in local breeds, and as an adaptive immunity in broiler chickens. Selection was associated with different expression expressions of HDP genes in breed-, age-, and organ-specific manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dahai Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihua Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Rong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alsoufi Mohammed Abdulwahid
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanrong Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengchang Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Changrong Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marinus F. W. te Pas
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Visiting Professor Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MFWP); , (JJ); (YH)
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Para R, Romero R, Miller D, Panaitescu B, Varrey A, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Gomez-Lopez N. Human β-defensin-3 participates in intra-amniotic host defense in women with labor at term, spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes, and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33:4117-4132. [PMID: 30999788 PMCID: PMC6800590 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1597047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Human β-defensin-3 (HBD-3) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and activity and, therefore, plays a central role in host defense mechanisms against infection. Herein, we determined whether HBD-3 was a physiological constituent of amniotic fluid during midtrimester and at term and whether the concentration of this defensin was increased in amniotic fluid of women with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes and those with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) with intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic infection.Methods: Amniotic fluid was collected from 219 women in the following groups: (1) midtrimester who delivered at term (n = 35); (2) with or without spontaneous labor at term (n = 50); (3) spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes who delivered at term (n = 29); (4) spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes who delivered preterm with or without intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic infection (n = 69); and (5) pPROM with or without intra-amniotic infection (n = 36). Amniotic fluid HBD-3 concentrations were determined using a sensitive and specific ELISA kit.Results: (1) HBD-3 is a physiological constituent of amniotic fluid; (2) the amniotic fluid concentration of HBD-3 did not change with gestational age (midtrimester versus term not in labor); (3) amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 were higher in women with spontaneous labor at term than in those without labor; (4) in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation, amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 were similar between women with spontaneous preterm labor who delivered preterm and those who delivered at term; (5) among patients with spontaneous preterm labor who delivered preterm, amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 were greater in women with intra-amniotic infection than in those without this clinical condition; (6) among patients with spontaneous preterm labor, amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 were higher in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic infection who delivered preterm than in those without these clinical conditions who delivered at term; and (7) women with pPROM and intra-amniotic infection had higher median amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 than those without this clinical condition.Conclusion: Human β-defensin-3 is a physiological constituent of amniotic fluid and increases during the process of labor at term. Amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-3 were increased in women with spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes or pPROM with intra-amniotic inflammation or intra-amniotic infection, indicating that this defensin participates in the host defense mechanisms in the amniotic cavity against microorganisms or danger signals. These findings provide insight into the soluble host defense mechanisms against intra-amniotic inflammation and intra-amniotic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aneesha Varrey
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Wang Y, Wang M, Shan A, Feng X. Avian host defense cathelicidins: structure, expression, biological functions, and potential therapeutic applications. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6434-6445. [PMID: 33248558 PMCID: PMC7704953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDP) are multifunctional effectors of the innate immune system, which has antimicrobial and pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions. Although there is a very sophisticated superposition of adaptive immune systems in vertebrates, this system is still essential. As an important family of HDP, cathelicidins are also known for their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. It has been found in humans and other species, including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits, and some kind of fish. Among them, cathelicidins in birds were described for the first time in 2005. This review focuses on the structure, biological activities, expression, and regulation of avian cathelicidin, especially main effects of host defense cathelicidin on potential therapeutic applications. According to the results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, good perspectives have been opened for cathelicidin. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterize the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of cathelicidin as novel therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|