51
|
Shah A, Tyagi S, Saratale GD, Guzik U, Hu A, Sreevathsa R, Reddy VD, Rai V, Mulla SI. A comprehensive review on the influence of light on signaling cross-talk and molecular communication against phyto-microbiome interactions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:370-393. [PMID: 33550862 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Generally, plant growth, development, and their productivity are mainly affected by their growth rate and also depend on environmental factors such as temperature, pH, humidity, and light. The interaction between plants and pathogens are highly specific. Such specificity is well characterized by plants and pathogenic microbes in the form of a molecular signature such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and microbes-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which in turn trigger systemic acquired immunity in plants. A number of Arabidopsis mutant collections are available to investigate molecular and physiological changes in plants under the presence of different light conditions. Over the past decade(s), several studies have been performed by selecting Arabidopsis thaliana under the influence of red, green, blue, far/far-red, and white light. However, only few phenotypic and molecular based studies represent the modulatory effects in plants under the influence of green and blue lights. Apart from this, red light (RL) actively participates in defense mechanisms against several pathogenic infections. This evolutionary pattern of light sensitizes the pathologist to analyze a series of events in plants during various stress conditions of the natural and/or the artificial environment. This review scrutinizes the literature where red, blue, white, and green light (GL) act as sensory systems that affects physiological parameters in plants. Generally, white and RL are responsible for regulating various defense mechanisms, but, GL also participates in this process with a robust impact! In addition to this, we also focus on the activation of signaling pathways (salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) and their influence on plant immune systems against phytopathogen(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Shah
- CP College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, Dantiwada, India
| | - Shaily Tyagi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Urszula Guzik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
D'Amico-Damião V, Dodd IC, Oliveira R, Lúcio JCB, Rossatto DR, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a of tomato mediates long-distance signaling of soil water deficit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110763. [PMID: 33487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the blue light photoreceptors cryptochromes mediate the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, whether cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) regulates local and long-distance signaling of water deficit in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is unknown. Thus the cry1a tomato mutant and its wild-type (WT) were reciprocally grafted (WT/WT; cry1a/cry1a; WT/cry1a; cry1a/WT; as scion/rootstock) or grown on their own roots (WT and cry1a) under irrigated and water deficit conditions. Plant growth, pigmentation, oxidative stress, water relations, stomatal characteristics and leaf gas exchange were measured. WT and cry1a plants grew similarly under irrigated conditions, whereas cry1a plants had less root biomass and length and higher tissue malondialdehyde concentrations under water deficit. Despite greater oxidative stress, cry1a maintained chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in drying soil. Lower stomatal density of cry1a likely increased its leaf relative water content (RWC). In grafted plants, scion genotype largely determined shoot and root biomass accumulation irrespective of water deficit. In chimeric plants grown in drying soil, cry1a rootstocks increased RWC while WT rootstocks maintained photosynthesis of cry1a scions. Manipulating tomato CRY1a may enhance plant drought tolerance by altering leaf pigmentation and gas exchange during soil drying via local and long-distance effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José C B Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Davi R Rossatto
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rogério F Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are evolutionarily conserved photoreceptors that mediate various light-induced responses in bacteria, plants, and animals. Plant cryptochromes govern a variety of critical growth and developmental processes including seed germination, flowering time and entrainment of the circadian clock. CRY's photocycle involves reduction of their flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-bound chromophore, which is completely oxidized in the dark and semi to fully reduced in the light signaling-active state. Despite the progress in characterizing cryptochromes, important aspects of their photochemistry, regulation, and light-induced structural changes remain to be addressed. In this study, we determine the crystal structure of the photosensory domain of Arabidopsis CRY2 in a tetrameric active state. Systematic structure-based analyses of photo-activated and inactive plant CRYs elucidate distinct structural elements and critical residues that dynamically partake in photo-induced oligomerization. Our study offers an updated model of CRYs photoactivation mechanism as well as the mode of its regulation by interacting proteins.
Collapse
|
54
|
Costa ÉLG, Farnese FDS, de Oliveira TC, Rosa M, Rodrigues AA, Resende EC, Januario AH, Silva FG. Combinations of Blue and Red LEDs Increase the Morphophysiological Performance and Furanocoumarin Production of Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680545. [PMID: 34367206 PMCID: PMC8334558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Brosimum gaudichaudii is a plant species with medicinal relevance due to its furanocoumarin accumulation. The accumulation of these compounds in the root promotes predatory extractivism, which threatens the conservation of the species. In addition, little is known about the conditions for culturing of this species in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate how the application of different spectra of LEDs (white, blue, red, and combinations of blue and red at 1:1 and 3:1 ratios) can impact the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of B. gaudichaudii under different in vitro conditions. To evaluate the production of furanocoumarins in its leaves, which are easy-to-collect perennial organs, we cultured nodal segments in 50-mL tubes with MS medium under 100 μmol m-2 s-1 light and a photoperiod of 16 h for 50 days. We then submitted the seedlings biometric, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological evaluations. The different spectral qualities influenced several characteristics of the seedlings. Plants grown under red light showed greater stem elongation and larger and thinner leaves, strategies aimed at capturing a higher ratio of radiant energy. Exposure to the blue/red ratio of 1:1 induced increases in the concentration of the furanocoumarin psoralen, probably due to the diversion of carbon from primary metabolism, which resulted in lower growth. Cultivation under blue light or blue:red light at 3:1 triggered anatomical and physiological changes that led to higher production of secondary metabolites in the leaves, and at the 3:1 ratio, the seedlings also had a high growth rate. These results highlight the fundamental role of light in stimulating the production of secondary metabolites, which has important implications for the production of compounds of interest and indirect consequences for the conservation of B. gaudichaudii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érica Letícia Gomes Costa
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Fernanda dos Santos Farnese
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Thales Caetano de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Márcio Rosa
- Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Arthur Almeida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Erika Crispim Resende
- Departamento de Biomoléculas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Januario
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tencológicas, Universidade de Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabiano Guimarães Silva
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Spaninks K, van Lieshout J, van Ieperen W, Offringa R. Regulation of Early Plant Development by Red and Blue Light: A Comparative Analysis Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599982. [PMID: 33424896 PMCID: PMC7785528 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In vertical farming, plants are grown in multi-layered growth chambers supplied with energy-efficient LEDs that produce less heat and can thus be placed in close proximity to the plants. The spectral quality control allowed by LED lighting potentially enables steering plant development toward desired phenotypes. However, this requires detailed knowledge on how light quality affects different developmental processes per plant species or even cultivar, and how well information from model plants translates to horticultural crops. Here we have grown the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and the crop plant Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) under white or monochromatic red or blue LED conditions. In addition, seedlings were grown in vitro in either light-grown roots (LGR) or dark-grown roots (DGR) LED conditions. Our results present an overview of phenotypic traits that are sensitive to red or blue light, which may be used as a basis for application by tomato nurseries. Our comparative analysis showed that young tomato plants were remarkably indifferent to the LED conditions, with red and blue light effects on primary growth, but not on organ formation or flowering. In contrast, Arabidopsis appeared to be highly sensitive to light quality, as dramatic differences in shoot and root elongation, organ formation, and developmental phase transitions were observed between red, blue, and white LED conditions. Our results highlight once more that growth responses to environmental conditions can differ significantly between model and crop species. Understanding the molecular basis for this difference will be important for designing lighting systems tailored for specific crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Spaninks
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jelmer van Lieshout
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Hitz T, Graeff-Hönninger S, Munz S. Modelling of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Response to Blue Light Intensity in Controlled Environments. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121757. [PMID: 33322490 PMCID: PMC7764200 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under shade is associated with low blue photon flux density (BPFD), which independent from PPFD can induce shade responses, e.g., elongation growth. In this study, the response of soybean to six levels of BPFD under constant PPFD from LED lighting was investigated with regard to morphology, biomass and photosynthesis to increase the knowledge for optimizing the intensity of BPFD for a speed breeding system. The results showed that low BPFD increased plant height, leaf area and biomass and decreased leaf mass ratio. Photosynthetic rate and internode diameter were not influenced. A functional structural plant model of soybean was calibrated with the experimental data. A response function for internode length to the perceived BPFD by the internodes was derived from simulations and integrated into the model. With the aim to optimize lighting for a speed breeding system, simulations with alternative lighting scenarios indicated that decreasing BPFD during the growth period and using different chamber material with a higher reflectance could reduce energy consumption by 7% compared to the experimental setup, while inducing short soybean plants.
Collapse
|
57
|
He R, Gao M, Shi R, Song S, Zhang Y, Su W, Liu H. The Combination of Selenium and LED Light Quality Affects Growth and Nutritional Properties of Broccoli Sprouts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204788. [PMID: 33086545 PMCID: PMC7587582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) supplement was combined with different LED light qualities to investigate mutual effects on the growth, nutritional quality, contents of glucosinolates and mineral elements in broccoli sprouts. There were five treatments: CK:1R1B1G, 1R1B1G+Se (100 μmol L−1 Na2SeO3), 1R1B+Se, 1R2B+Se, 2R1B+Se, 60 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD, 12 h/12 h (light/dark). Sprouts under a combination of selenium and LED light quality treatment exhibited no remarkable change fresh weight, but had a shorter hypocotyl length, lower moisture content and heavier dry weight, especially with 1R2B+Se treatment. The contents of carotenoid, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, total flavonoids, total polyphenol and contents of total glucosinolates and organic Se were dramatically improved through the combination of Se and LED light quality. Moreover, heat map and principal component analysis showed that broccoli sprouts under 1R2B+Se treatment had higher nutritional quality and health-promoting compound contents than other treatments. This suggests that the Se supplement under suitable LED lights might be beneficial to selenium-biofortified broccoli sprout production.
Collapse
|
58
|
Xie D, Chen L, Zhou C, Tarin MWK, Yang D, Ren K, He T, Rong J, Zheng Y. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:476. [PMID: 33076818 PMCID: PMC7574309 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb with anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Light is one of the most influential factor affecting the growth and quality of herbs. In recent times, the introduction of Light Emission Diode (LED) technology has been widely used for plants in greenhouse. However, the impact of such lights on plant growth and the regulatory mechanism of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra remain unclear. RESULTS The red LED light (RL) substantially increased the plant height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area relative to the white LED light (WL), while the blue LED light (BL) significantly reduced the height and leaf area of S. glabra. According to transcriptomic profiling, 861, 378, 47, 10,033, 7917, and 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the groups of leaf tissue under BL (BY) vs. leaf tissue under RL (RY), BY vs. leaf tissue under WL (WY), RY vs. WY, root tissue under WL (WG) vs. WY, stem tissue under WL (WJ) vs. WG, and WJ vs. WY, respectively. We identified 46 genes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). We found 53 genes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and bHLH proteins, respectively, where several were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. A total of 454 metabolites were identified based on metabolomic profiling, of which 44, 87, and 296 compounds were differentially produced in WY vs. RY, WY vs. BY, and WY vs. WG. In BY there was a substantial reduction in the production of esculetin, caffeic acid, isofraxidin, and fraxidin, while the yields of quercitrin and kaempferol were significantly up-regulated. In RY, the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol decreased significantly. Besides, in WG, the production of metabolites (e.g. chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and scopolin) declined, while their yields increased significantly (e.g. esculetin, fraxetin, isofraxidin, and fraxidin). CONCLUSION These results provide further insight into the regulatory mechanism of accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds in S. glabra under various light conditions, allowing optimum breeding conditions to be developed for this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Xie
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- College of Arts & College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhou
- College of Arts & College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin
- College of Arts & College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Deming Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ke Ren
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianyou He
- College of Arts & College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jundong Rong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Arts & College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Emenecker RJ, Holehouse AS, Strader LC. Emerging Roles for Phase Separation in Plants. Dev Cell 2020; 55:69-83. [PMID: 33049212 PMCID: PMC7577370 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plant cell internal environment is a dynamic, intricate landscape composed of many intracellular compartments. Cells organize some cellular components through formation of biomolecular condensates-non-stoichiometric assemblies of protein and/or nucleic acids. In many cases, phase separation appears to either underly or contribute to the formation of biomolecular condensates. Many canonical membraneless compartments within animal cells form in a manner that is at least consistent with phase separation, including nucleoli, stress granules, Cajal bodies, and numerous additional bodies, regulated by developmental and environmental stimuli. In this Review, we examine the emerging roles for phase separation in plants. Further, drawing on studies carried out in other organisms, we identify cellular phenomenon in plants that might also arise via phase separation. We propose that plants make use of phase separation to a much greater extent than has been previously appreciated, implicating phase separation as an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for cellular organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Emenecker
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Battle MW, Vegliani F, Jones MA. Shades of green: untying the knots of green photoperception. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5764-5770. [PMID: 32619226 PMCID: PMC7541914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of economical LED technology has enabled the application of different light qualities and quantities to control plant growth. Although we have a comprehensive understanding of plants' perception of red and blue light, the lack of a dedicated green light sensor has frustrated our utilization of intermediate wavelengths, with many contradictory reports in the literature. We discuss the contribution of red and blue photoreceptors to green light perception and highlight how green light can be used to improve crop quality. Importantly, our meta-analysis demonstrates that green light perception should instead be considered as a combination of distinct 'green' and 'yellow' light-induced responses. This distinction will enable clearer interpretation of plants' behaviour in response to green light as we seek to optimize plant growth and nutritional quality in horticultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Battle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Franco Vegliani
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew A Jones
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Du SS, Li L, Li L, Wei X, Xu F, Xu P, Wang W, Xu P, Cao X, Miao L, Guo T, Wang S, Mao Z, Yang HQ. Photoexcited Cryptochrome2 Interacts Directly with TOE1 and TOE2 in Flowering Regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:487-505. [PMID: 32661061 PMCID: PMC7479908 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are photolyase-like, blue-light (BL) photoreceptors found in various organisms. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cryptochromes (CRYs; CRY1, and CRY2) mediate many light responses including photoperiodic floral initiation. Cryptochromes interact with COP1 and SPA1, causing the stabilization of CONSTANS (CO) and promotion of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcription and flowering. The AP2-like transcriptional factor TOE1 negatively regulates FT expression and flowering by indirectly inhibiting CO transcriptional activation activity and directly binding to FT Here, we demonstrate that CRY1 and CRY2 physically interact with TOE1 and TOE2 in a BL-dependent manner in flowering regulation. Genetic studies showed that mutation of TOE1 and TOE2 partially suppresses the late-flowering phenotype of cry1 cry2 mutant plants. BL-triggered interactions of CRY2 with TOE1 and TOE2 promote the dissociation of TOE1 and TOE2 from CO, resulting in alleviation of their inhibition of CO transcriptional activity and enhanced transcription of FT Furthermore, we show that CRY2 represses TOE1 binding to the regulatory element within the Block E enhancer of FT These results reveal that TOE1 and TOE2 act as downstream components of CRY2, thus partially mediating CRY2 regulation of photoperiodic flowering through modulation of CO activity and FT transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Du
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuxu Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Langxi Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Yadav A, Singh D, Lingwan M, Yadukrishnan P, Masakapalli SK, Datta S. Light signaling and UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1270-1292. [PMID: 32237196 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light plays an important role in plants' growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wavelengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the downstream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light-regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far-red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV-B signaling pathway. UV-B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV-B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strategies to use UV-B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV-B radiation. Plants' responses to UV-B are an integration of its cross-talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light signaling with a major focus on UV-B-mediated plant growth regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Maneesh Lingwan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yang L, Liu S, Lin R. The role of light in regulating seed dormancy and germination. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1310-1326. [PMID: 32729981 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in plants. Breaking seed dormancy determines the timing of germination and is, thereby essential for ensuring plant survival and agricultural production. Seed dormancy and the subsequent germination are controlled by both internal cues (mainly hormones) and environmental signals. In the past few years, the roles of plant hormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination have been uncovered. However, we are only beginning to understand how light signaling pathways modulate seed dormancy and interaction with endogenous hormones. In this review, we summarize current views of the molecular mechanisms by which light controls the induction, maintenance and release of seed dormancy, as well as seed germination, by regulating hormone metabolism and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shuangrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Jing Y, Lin R. Transcriptional regulatory network of the light signaling pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:683-697. [PMID: 32289880 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The developmental program by which plants respond is tightly controlled by a complex cascade in which photoreceptors perceive and transduce the light signals that drive signaling processes and direct the transcriptional reprogramming, yielding specific cellular responses. The molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation include light-regulated nuclear localization (the phytochromes and UVR8) and nuclear accumulation (the cryptochrome, cry2) of photoreceptors. This regulatory cascade also includes master regulatory transcription factors (TFs) that bridge photoreceptor activation with chromatin remodeling and regulate the expression of numerous light-responsive genes. Light signaling-related TFs often function as signal convergence points in concert with TFs in other signaling pathways to integrate complex endogenous and environmental cues that help the plant adapt to the surrounding environment. Increasing evidence suggests that chromatin modifications play a critical role in regulating light-responsive gene expression and provide an additional layer of light signaling regulation. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory network involved in the light response, particularly the roles of TFs and chromatin in regulating light-responsive gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Martínez-García JF, Moreno-Romero J. Shedding light on the chromatin changes that modulate shade responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:407-417. [PMID: 32222987 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perception of vegetation proximity or plant shade informs of potential competition for resources by the neighboring vegetation. As vegetation proximity impacts on both light quantity and quality, perception of this cue by plant photoreceptors reprograms development to result in responses that allow plants to compete with the neighboring vegetation. Developmental reprogramming involves massive and rapid changes in gene expression, with the concerted action of photoreceptors and downstream transcription factors. Changes in gene expression can be modulated by epigenetic processes that alter chromatin compaction, influencing the accessibility and binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in the DNA. However, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of plant responses to the proximity of other plants. In this manuscript, we review what is known about plant shade effects on chromatin changes at the cytological level, that is, changes in nuclear morphology and high order chromatin density. We address which are the specific histone post-transcriptional modifications that have been associated with changes in shade-regulated gene expression, such as histone acetylation and histone methylation. Furthermore, we explore the possible mechanisms that integrate shade signaling components and chromatin remodelers to settle epigenetic marks at specific loci. This review aims to be a starting point to understand how a specific environmental cue, plant shade, integrates with chromatin dynamics to implement the proper acclimation responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Jordi Moreno-Romero
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jiang J, Xiao Y, Chen H, Hu W, Zeng L, Ke H, Ditengou FA, Devisetty U, Palme K, Maloof J, Dehesh K. Retrograde Induction of phyB Orchestrates Ethylene-Auxin Hierarchy to Regulate Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1268-1280. [PMID: 32430463 PMCID: PMC7333703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exquisitely regulated plastid-to-nucleus communication by retrograde signaling pathways is essential for fine-tuning of responses to the prevailing environmental conditions. The plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) has emerged as a stress signal transduced into a diverse ensemble of response outputs. Here, we demonstrate enhanced phytochrome B protein abundance in red light-grown MEcPP-accumulating ceh1 mutant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants relative to wild-type seedlings. We further establish MEcPP-mediated coordination of phytochrome B with auxin and ethylene signaling pathways and uncover differential hypocotyl growth of red light-grown seedlings in response to these phytohormones. Genetic and pharmacological interference with ethylene and auxin pathways outlines the hierarchy of responses, placing ethylene epistatic to the auxin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings establish a key role of a plastidial retrograde metabolite in orchestrating the transduction of a repertoire of signaling cascades. This work positions plastids at the zenith of relaying information coordinating external signals and internal regulatory circuitry to secure organismal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Jiang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Franck A Ditengou
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Upendra Devisetty
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Julin Maloof
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Rai N, O'Hara A, Farkas D, Safronov O, Ratanasopa K, Wang F, Lindfors AV, Jenkins GI, Lehto T, Salojärvi J, Brosché M, Strid Å, Aphalo PJ, Morales LO. The photoreceptor UVR8 mediates the perception of both UV-B and UV-A wavelengths up to 350 nm of sunlight with responsivity moderated by cryptochromes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1513-1527. [PMID: 32167576 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The photoreceptors UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) and CRYPTOCHROMES 1 and 2 (CRYs) play major roles in the perception of UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A/blue radiation (315-500 nm), respectively. However, it is poorly understood how they function in sunlight. The roles of UVR8 and CRYs were assessed in a factorial experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and photoreceptor mutants exposed to sunlight for 6 or 12 hr under five types of filters with cut-offs in UV and blue-light regions. Transcriptome-wide responses triggered by UV-B and UV-A wavelengths shorter than 350 nm (UV-Asw ) required UVR8 whereas those induced by blue and UV-A wavelengths longer than 350 nm (UV-Alw ) required CRYs. UVR8 modulated gene expression in response to blue light while lack of CRYs drastically enhanced gene expression in response to UV-B and UV-Asw . These results agree with our estimates of photons absorbed by these photoreceptors in sunlight and with in vitro monomerization of UVR8 by wavelengths up to 335 nm. Motif enrichment analysis predicted complex signaling downstream of UVR8 and CRYs. Our results highlight that it is important to use UV waveband definitions specific to plants' photomorphogenesis as is routinely done in the visible region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew O'Hara
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Omid Safronov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Khuanpiroon Ratanasopa
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fang Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders V Lindfors
- Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gareth I Jenkins
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ma L, Wang X, Guan Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Zheng L, Gong Z, Shen C, Wang J, Zhang D, Liu Z, Yin P. Structural insights into BIC-mediated inactivation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:472-479. [PMID: 32398826 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors in plants that harbor FAD as a cofactor and regulate various physiological responses. Photoactivated CRYs undergo oligomerization, which increases the binding affinity to downstream signaling partners. Despite decades of research on the activation of CRYs, little is known about how they are inactivated. Binding of blue-light inhibitors of cryptochromes (BICs) to CRY2 suppresses its photoactivation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report crystal structures of CRY2N (CRY2 PHR domain) and the BIC2-CRY2N complex with resolutions of 2.7 and 2.5 Å, respectively. In the BIC2-CRY2N complex, BIC2 exhibits an extremely extended structure that sinuously winds around CRY2N. In this way, BIC2 not only restrains the transfer of electrons and protons from CRY2 to FAD during photoreduction but also interacts with the CRY2 oligomer to return it to the monomer form. Uncovering the mechanism of CRY2 inactivation lays a solid foundation for the investigation of cryptochrome protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuicui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhai H, Xiong L, Li H, Lyu X, Yang G, Zhao T, Liu J, Liu B. Cryptochrome 1 Inhibits Shoot Branching by Repressing the Self-Activated Transciption Loop of PIF4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100042. [PMID: 33367238 PMCID: PMC7748022 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is an important light receptor essential for de-etiolation of Arabidopsis seedlings. However, its function in regulating plant architecture remains unclear. Here, we show that mutation in CRY1 resulted in increased branching of Arabidopsis plants. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the expression profiles of branching-related genes and found that the mRNA levels of Phytochrome Interaction Factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 are significantly increased in the cry1 mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the pif4 or pif4pif5 mutant is epistatic to the cry1 mutant, and overexpression of PIF4 conferred increased branching. Moreover, we demonstrated that PIF4 proteins physically associate with the G-box motif within the PIF4 promoter to form a self-activated transcriptional feedback loop, while CRY1 represses this process in response to blue light. Taken together, this study suggests that the CRY1-PIF4 module regulates gene expression via forming a regulatory loop and shoot branching in response to ambient light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhai
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xiong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang Lyu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhao
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lkhamkhuu E, Zikihara K, Katsura H, Tokutomi S, Hosokawa T, Usami Y, Ichihashi M, Yamaguchi J, Monde K. Effect of circularly polarized light on germination, hypocotyl elongation and biomass production of arabidopsis and lettuce: Involvement of phytochrome B. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:57-67. [PMID: 32362749 PMCID: PMC7193831 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD), defined as the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light (CPL), is a useful spectroscopic technique for structural studies of biological systems composed of chiral molecules. The present study evaluated the effects of CPL on germination, hypocotyl elongation and biomass production of Arabidopsis and lettuce. Higher germination rates were observed when Arabidopsis and lettuce seedlings were irradiated with red right-handed CPL (R-CPL) than with red left-handed CPL (L-CPL). Hypocotyl elongation was effectively inhibited when Arabidopsis and lettuce seedlings were irradiated with red R-CPL than with red L-CPL. This difference was not observed when a phytochrome B (phyB) deficient mutant of Arabidopsis was irradiated, suggesting that inhibition of elongation by red R-CPL was mediated by phyB. White R-CPL induced greater biomass production by adult Arabidopsis plants, as determined by their fresh shoot weight, than white L-CPL. To determine the molecular basis of these CPL effects, CD spectra and the effect of CPL on the photoreaction of a sensory module of Arabidopsis phyB were measured. The red light-absorbing form of phyB showed a negative CD in the red light-absorbing region, consistent with the results of germination, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and biomass production. L-CPL and R-CPL, however, did not differ in their ability to induce the interconversion of the red light-absorbing and far-red light-absorbing forms of phyB. These findings suggest that these CPL effects involve phyB, along with other photoreceptors and the photosynthetic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enkhsukh Lkhamkhuu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazunori Zikihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Hitomi Katsura
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Satoru Tokutomi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
- Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0862, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hosokawa
- Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fuji Film Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Usami
- Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fuji Film Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ichihashi
- Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fuji Film Corporation, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Common Functions of Disordered Proteins across Evolutionary Distant Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062105. [PMID: 32204351 PMCID: PMC7139818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions typically lack a well-defined structure and thus fall outside the scope of the classic sequence–structure–function relationship. Hence, classic sequence- or structure-based bioinformatic approaches are often not well suited to identify homology or predict the function of unknown intrinsically disordered proteins. Here, we give selected examples of intrinsic disorder in plant proteins and present how protein function is shared, altered or distinct in evolutionary distant organisms. Furthermore, we explore how examining the specific role of disorder across different phyla can provide a better understanding of the common features that protein disorder contributes to the respective biological mechanism.
Collapse
|
72
|
Pham KD, Shida Y, Miyata A, Takamizawa T, Suzuki Y, Ara S, Yamazaki H, Masaki K, Mori K, Aburatani S, Hirakawa H, Tashiro K, Kuhara S, Takaku H, Ogasawara W. Effect of light on carotenoid and lipid production in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1501-1512. [PMID: 32189572 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1740581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporodium toruloides is receiving widespread attention as an alternative energy source for biofuels due to its unicellular nature, high growth rate and because it can be fermented on a large-scale. In this study, R. toruloides was cultured under both light and dark conditions in order to understand the light response involved in lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis. Our results from phenotype and gene expression analysis showed that R. toruloides responded to light by producing darker pigmentation with an associated increase in carotenoid production. Whilst there was no observable difference in lipid production, slight changes in the fatty acid composition were recorded. Furthermore, a two-step response was found in three genes (GGPSI, CAR1, and CAR2) under light conditions and the expression of the gene encoding the photoreceptor CRY1 was similarly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dung Pham
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shida
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyata
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeru Takamizawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Advanced Course, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College , Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ara
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata, Japan
| | - Harutake Yamazaki
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuo Masaki
- Brewing Technology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB) , Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mori
- Advance Course, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Facility for Genome Informatics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute , Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuhara
- Graduate School of Genetic Resource Technology, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaku
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogasawara
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Sanchez SE, Rugnone ML, Kay SA. Light Perception: A Matter of Time. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:363-385. [PMID: 32068156 PMCID: PMC7056494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the perception of external cues and regulating physiology accordingly help plants to cope with the constantly changing environmental conditions to which they are exposed. An array of photoreceptors and intricate signaling pathways allow plants to convey the surrounding light information and synchronize an endogenous timekeeping system known as the circadian clock. This biological clock integrates multiple cues to modulate a myriad of downstream responses, timing them to occur at the best moment of the day and the year. Notably, the mechanism underlying entrainment of the light-mediated clock is not clear. This review addresses known interactions between the light-signaling and circadian-clock networks, focusing on the role of light in clock entrainment and known molecular players in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matias L Rugnone
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Light-mediated control of Gene expression in mammalian cells. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
75
|
Hendron RW, Kelly S. Subdivision of Light Signaling Networks Contributes to Partitioning of C 4 Photosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1297-1309. [PMID: 31862840 PMCID: PMC7054874 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants coordinate the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in response to growth and environmental changes. In species that conduct two-cell C4 photosynthesis, expression of photosynthesis genes is partitioned such that leaf mesophyll and bundle sheath cells accumulate different components of the photosynthetic pathway. The identities of the regulatory networks that facilitate this partitioning are unknown. Here, we show that differences in light perception between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells facilitate differential regulation and accumulation of photosynthesis gene transcripts in the C4 crop maize (Zea mays). Key components of the photosynthesis gene regulatory network differentially accumulated between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, indicative of differential network activity across cell types. We further show that blue (but not red) light is necessary and sufficient to activate photosystem II assembly in mesophyll cells in etiolated maize. Finally, we demonstrate that 61% of all light-induced mesophyll and bundle sheath genes were induced only by blue light or only by red light, but not both. These findings provide evidence that subdivision of light signaling networks is a component of cellular partitioning of C4 photosynthesis in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross-W Hendron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Abstract
The article presents the findings of a study investigating the effects of storing Jonagold apples for six weeks in a condition in which the vertical component of the geomagnetic field has been eliminated (near null GMF) and in control conditions representing those applied in traditional storage (i.e., in the local geomagnetic field (local GMF)). Analyses of the fruit were performed before the start of and three times during the experiment (i.e., following four, five and six weeks in storage). The contents of simple sugars were measured using the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method; refractometry was applied to identify total extract; thermogravimetry was used to measure the water content, volatile substances and total ash; calorific value and intensity of respiration were examined by measuring CO2 emissions. Significant differences were found between the apples stored in the experimental and under control conditions, showing an advantage of storage in a condition with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field removed. Statistically significant differences were mainly identified in the speed of starch conversion into simple sugars, as well as the intensity of respiration and the appearance of the two groups of apples. Storage of fruit in a compensated geomagnetic field proved to be an effective method permitting an extended duration of storage without significant deterioration of the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of apples.
Collapse
|
77
|
Kim KH, Kim JY, Lim WJ, Jeong S, Lee HY, Cho Y, Moon JK, Kim N. Genome-wide association and epistatic interactions of flowering time in soybean cultivar. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228114. [PMID: 31968016 PMCID: PMC6975553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the discovery of candidate markers that play significant roles in various complex traits in plants. Recently, with increased interest in the search for candidate markers, studies on epistatic interactions between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have also increased, thus enabling the identification of more candidate markers along with GWAS on single-variant-additive-effect. Here, we focused on the identification of candidate markers associated with flowering time in soybean (Glycine max). A large population of 2,662 cultivated soybean accessions was genotyped using the 180k Axiom® SoyaSNP array, and the genomic architecture of these accessions was investigated to confirm the population structure. Then, GWAS was conducted to evaluate the association between SNP markers and flowering time. A total of 93 significant SNP markers were detected within 59 significant genes, including E1 and E3, which are the main determinants of flowering time. Based on the GWAS results, multilocus epistatic interactions were examined between the significant and non-significant SNP markers. Two significant and 16 non-significant SNP markers were discovered as candidate markers affecting flowering time via interactions with each other. These 18 candidate SNP markers mapped to 18 candidate genes including E1 and E3, and the 18 candidate genes were involved in six major flowering pathways. Although further biological validation is needed, our results provide additional information on the existing flowering time markers and present another option to marker-assisted breeding programs for regulating flowering time of soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hyoun Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmun Jeong
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Cho
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyung Moon
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Pola W, Sugaya S, Photchanachai S. Color Development and Phytochemical Changes in Mature Green Chili ( Capsicum annuum L.) Exposed to Red and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:59-66. [PMID: 31816240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of mature green "Takanotsume" chili fruit to blue and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated. The red LED accelerated the red color development of chili as indicated by higher a* and chroma values, as well as lower hue angle and total chlorophyll compared to the blue LED and darkness (control). These were linked to increases in β-carotene, free-capsanthin, and total carotenoids. The carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes, lycopene-β-cyclase (Lcyb), β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ), and capsanthin/capsolubin synthase (Ccs), were up-regulated by the red LED after 2 days of the experiment. The blue LED was more effective in increasing the expression of the phytoene synthase (Psy) gene at day 1 of experiment. The total phenolic, vitamin C content, and antioxidant capacity were also higher in the blue LED-treated chili. Results suggest that the responses of each carotenoid-related gene to the light wavelengths and the accumulation of phytochemicals are specific characteristics of this chili cultivar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissanee Pola
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , 49, Soi Thiantale 25, Bangkhuntien-Chaitale Road , Thakham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150 , Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center , Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand
| | - Sumiko Sugaya
- Laboratory of Pomology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8572 , Japan
| | - Songsin Photchanachai
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , 49, Soi Thiantale 25, Bangkhuntien-Chaitale Road , Thakham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150 , Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center , Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Rogers KW, Müller P. Optogenetic approaches to investigate spatiotemporal signaling during development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 137:37-77. [PMID: 32143750 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is coordinated by signaling pathways that pattern the developing organism. Many aspects of this process are not fully understood, including how signaling molecules spread through embryonic tissues, how signaling amplitude and dynamics are decoded, and how multiple signaling pathways cooperate to pattern the body plan. Optogenetic approaches can be used to address these questions by providing precise experimental control over a variety of biological processes. Here, we review how these strategies have provided new insights into developmental signaling and discuss how they could contribute to future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Rogers
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany; Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Light Control of the Tet Gene Expression System in Mammalian Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:487-500.e6. [PMID: 30304687 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and its network structure are dynamically altered in multicellular systems during morphological, functional, and pathological changes. To precisely analyze the functional roles of dynamic gene expression changes, tools that manipulate gene expression at fine spatiotemporal resolution are needed. The tetracycline (Tet)-controlled gene expression system is a reliable drug-inducible method, and it is used widely in many mammalian cultured cells and model organisms. Here, we develop a photoactivatable (PA)-Tet-OFF/ON system for precise temporal control of gene expression at single-cell resolution. By integrating the cryptochrome 2-cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix 1 (Cry2-CIB1) light-inducible binding switch, expression of the gene of interest is tightly regulated under the control of light illumination and drug application in our PA-Tet-OFF/ON system. This system has a large dynamic range of downstream gene expression and rapid activation/deactivation kinetics. We also demonstrate the optogenetic regulation of exogenous gene expression in vivo, such as in developing and adult mouse brains.
Collapse
|
81
|
Yan H, Zhu K, Teng M, Li X. A newly identified photolyase from Arthrospira platensis possesses a unique methenyltetrahydrofolate chromophore-binding pattern. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:740-750. [PMID: 31675429 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), as a common DNA damage caused by UV radiation, often lead to skin cancer. Here, we identified a photolyase from the alga Arthrospira platensis (designated as Ap-phr), which has been regarded as a safe organism for humans for centuries, that can efficiently repair CPD lesions in ssDNA and dsDNA in vitro. The 1.6 Å resolution crystal structure of Ap-phr revealed that it possesses a unique methenyltetrahydrofolate chromophore-binding pattern with high energy transfer efficiency. Our study of Ap-phr highlights its potential use in cosmetic, industrial and aesthetic medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kongfu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maikun Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Stawska M, Oracz K. phyB and HY5 are Involved in the Blue Light-Mediated Alleviation of Dormancy of Arabidopsis Seeds Possibly via the Modulation of Expression of Genes Related to Light, GA, and ABA. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235882. [PMID: 31771191 PMCID: PMC6928806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors regulating seed germination. It is known that light inhibits seed germination of some monocotyledonous species and that it is mostly related to the blue wavelength of the spectrum received by cryptochromes (cry). Research has also found that the red light (R) stimulates germination of dicotyledonous seeds and that this reaction involves mainly phytochromes (phy). Surprisingly, up to date, the role and the mechanism of action of blue light (BL) in seed biology of dicot plants is still very poorly understood and some questions are unexplained, e.g., whether BL plays a role in regulation of dicot seeds dormancy and/or germination? If, so what particular elements of light signaling pathway are involved in modulation of this(ese) process(es)? Also, is the BL action in regulation of dicot seeds dormancy and/or germination maybe due to changes of expression of genes related to metabolism and/or signaling of two phytohormones controlling seed-related events, such as gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)? To answer these intriguing questions, the combination of biological, transcriptomic, and genetic approaches was performed in this particular study. The germination tests show that freshly harvested wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seeds are dormant and do not germinate in darkness (at 25 °C), while nondormant (after-ripened) seeds germinate well in these conditions. It is also proven that dormancy of seeds of this species is released in the presence of white and/or BL (λ = 447 nm) when placed at 25 °C. Presented here, novel results emphasize the role of BL in dormancy alleviation of dicot seeds, indicating that this wavelength of light spectrum received by phyB induces this process and that the sensitivity to this stimulus depends on the depth of seed dormancy. In addition, it is demonstrated that various elements of phy-mediated pathway can be used in response to the signal induced by BL in germinating dormant seeds of Arabidopsis. The quantitative real time PCR analysis supported by results of germination tests of WT, T-DNA insertion mutants (i.e., hy5, hfr1, and laf1) and overexpression transformants of Arabidopsis seeds (i.e., 35S:OE:HY5, 35S:OE:HYH, 35S:OE:HFR1, and 35S:OE:LAF1) revealed that the HY5 gene coding transcription factor is most probably responsible for the control of expression of genes involved in GA/ABA metabolism and/or signaling pathways during BL-dependent dormancy alleviation of Arabidopsis seeds, while biological functions of HYH and HFR1 are associated with regulation of germination. The model of BL action in regulation of dormancy alleviation and germination potential of Arabidopsis seeds is proposed.
Collapse
|
83
|
Ronald J, Davis SJ. Focusing on the nuclear and subnuclear dynamics of light and circadian signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2871-2884. [PMID: 31369151 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks provide organisms the ability to synchronize their internal physiological responses with the external environment. This process, termed entrainment, occurs through the perception of internal and external stimuli. As with other organisms, in plants, the perception of light is a critical for the entrainment and sustainment of circadian rhythms. Red, blue, far-red, and UV-B light are perceived by the oscillator through the activity of photoreceptors. Four classes of photoreceptors signal to the oscillator: phytochromes, cryptochromes, UVR8, and LOV-KELCH domain proteins. In most cases, these photoreceptors localize to the nucleus in response to light and can associate to subnuclear structures to initiate downstream signalling. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances made in understanding the mechanisms facilitating the nuclear and subnuclear localization of photoreceptors and the role these subnuclear bodies have in photoreceptor signalling, including to the oscillator. We will also highlight recent progress that has been made in understanding the regulation of the nuclear and subnuclear localization of components of the plant circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ronald
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Lin YJ, Chen YC, Tseng KC, Chang WC, Ko SS. Phototropins Mediate Chloroplast Movement in Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Moth Orchid). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2243-2254. [PMID: 31198960 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast movement is important for plants to avoid photodamage and to perform efficient photosynthesis. Phototropins are blue light receptors in plants that function in chloroplast movement, phototropism, stomatal opening, and they also affect plant growth and development. In this study, full-length cDNAs of two PHOTOTROPIN genes, PaPHOT1 and PaPHOT2, were cloned from a moth orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite, and their functions in chloroplast movement were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PaPHOT1 and PaPHOT2 orthologs were highly similar to PHOT1 and PHOT2 of the close relative Phalaenopsis equestris, respectively, and clustered with monocots PHOT1 and PHOT2 orthologs, respectively. Phalaenopsis aphrodite expressed a moderate level of PaPHOT1 under low blue light of 5 μmol�m-2�s-1 (BL5) and a high levels of PaPHOT1 at >BL100. However, PaPHOT2 was expressed at low levels at <BL50 but expressed at high levels at > BL100. Analysis of light-induced chloroplast movements using the SPAD method indicated that orchid accumulated chloroplasts at <BL10. The chloroplast avoidance response was detectable at >BL25 and significant chloroplast avoidance movement was observed at >BL100. Virus-induced gene silencing of PaPHOTs in orchids showed decreased gene expression of PaPHOTs and reduced both chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. Heterologous expression of PaPHOT1 in Arabidopsis phot1phot2 double mutant recovered chloroplast accumulation response at BL5, but neither PaPHOT1 nor PaPHOT2 was able to restore mutant chloroplast avoidance at BL100. Overall, this study showed that phototropins mediate chloroplast movement in Phalaenopsis orchid is blue light-dependent but their function is slightly different from Arabidopsis which might be due to gene evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jyun Lin
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chen
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Swee-Suak Ko
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Rai N, Neugart S, Yan Y, Wang F, Siipola SM, Lindfors AV, Winkler JB, Albert A, Brosché M, Lehto T, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. How do cryptochromes and UVR8 interact in natural and simulated sunlight? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4975-4990. [PMID: 31100755 PMCID: PMC6760287 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors perceive UV-A/blue (315-500 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation in plants, respectively. While the roles of CRYs and UVR8 have been studied in separate controlled-environment experiments, little is known about the interaction between these photoreceptors. Here, Arabidopsis wild-type Ler, CRYs and UVR8 photoreceptor mutants (uvr8-2, cry1cry2 and cry1cry2uvr8-2), and a flavonoid biosynthesis-defective mutant (tt4) were grown in a sun simulator. Plants were exposed to filtered radiation for 17 d or for 6 h, to study the effects of blue, UV-A, and UV-B radiation. Both CRYs and UVR8 independently enabled growth and survival of plants under solar levels of UV, while their joint absence was lethal under UV-B. CRYs mediated gene expression under blue light. UVR8 mediated gene expression under UV-B radiation, and in the absence of CRYs, also under UV-A. This negative regulation of UVR8-mediated gene expression by CRYs was also observed for UV-B. The accumulation of flavonoids was also consistent with this interaction between CRYs and UVR8. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an antagonistic interaction between CRYs and UVR8 and a role of UVR8 in UV-A perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Research Area of Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e. V., 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari M Siipola
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Current address: School of Science & Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
McCahill IW, Hazen SP. Regulation of Cell Wall Thickening by a Medley of Mechanisms. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:853-866. [PMID: 31255545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To provide physical support for developing structures and to withstand the pressures associated with water and nutrient transport, some cells deposit a secondary cell wall, a rigid matrix of polysaccharide and phenolic biopolymers. The biosynthesis and deposition of these materials and the patterning of secondary wall-forming cells is controlled by a network of transcription factors. However, recent work suggests that this network forms the core of a more complex, multilevel regulatory system. This expanded system includes epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation, and is coordinated with other pathways controlling primary growth and responses to environmental stimuli. New findings expand the set of transcription factors identified as secondary cell wall regulators and reveal novel regulatory processes that further govern secondary wall biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W McCahill
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Samuel P Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Arico D, Legris M, Castro L, Garcia CF, Laino A, Casal JJ, Mazzella MA. Neighbour signals perceived by phytochrome B increase thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2554-2566. [PMID: 31069808 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the preeminence of reductionist approaches, understanding of plant responses to combined stresses is limited. We speculated that light-quality signals of neighbouring vegetation might increase susceptibility to heat shocks because shade reduces tissue temperature and hence the likeness of heat shocks. In contrast, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under low-red/far-red ratios typical of shade were less damaged by heat stress than plants grown under simulated sunlight. Neighbour signals reduce the activity of phytochrome B (phyB), increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). The phyB mutant showed high tolerance to heat stress even under simulated sunlight, and a pif multiple mutant showed low tolerance under simulated shade. phyB and red/far-red ratio had no effects on seedlings acclimated with nonstressful warm temperatures before the heat shock. The phyB mutant showed reduced expression of several fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes and less proportion of fully unsaturated fatty acids and electrolyte leakage of membranes exposed to heat shocks. Red-light-activated phyB also reduced thermotolerance of dark-grown seedlings but not via changes in FADs expression and membrane stability. We propose that the reduced photosynthetic capacity linked to thermotolerant membranes would be less costly under shade, where the light input limits photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Luciana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
| | - Maria Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Serrage H, Heiskanen V, Palin WM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Hadis M, Hamblin MR. Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1877-1909. [PMID: 31183484 PMCID: PMC6685747 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the application of light at wavelengths ranging from 400-1100 nm to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and promote analgesia. Traditionally, red and near-infra red (NIR) light have been used therapeutically, however recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could prove beneficial including blue and green light. This review aims to evaluate the literature surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of PBM with particular emphasis on the effects of blue and green light. In particular focus is on the possible primary and secondary molecular mechanisms of PBM and also evaluation of the potential effective parameters for application both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have reported that PBM affects an array of molecular targets, including chromophores such as signalling molecules containing flavins and porphyrins as well as components of the electron transport chain. However, secondary mechanisms tend to converge on pathways induced by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Systematic evaluation of the literature indicated 72% of publications reported beneficial effects of blue light and 75% reported therapeutic effects of green light. However, of the publications evaluating the effects of green light, reporting of treatment parameters was uneven with 41% failing to report irradiance (mW cm-2) and 44% failing to report radiant exposure (J cm-2). This review highlights the potential of PBM to exert broad effects on a range of different chromophores within the body, dependent upon the wavelength of light applied. Emphasis still remains on the need to report exposure and treatment parameters, as this will enable direct comparison between different studies and hence enable the determination of the full potential of PBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Serrage
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Kallunki T, Barisic M, Jäättelä M, Liu B. How to Choose the Right Inducible Gene Expression System for Mammalian Studies? Cells 2019; 8:cells8080796. [PMID: 31366153 PMCID: PMC6721553 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible gene expression systems are favored over stable expression systems in a wide variety of basic and applied research areas, including functional genomics, gene therapy, tissue engineering, biopharmaceutical protein production and drug discovery. This is because they are mostly reversible and thus more flexible to use. Furthermore, compared to constitutive expression, they generally exhibit a higher efficiency and have fewer side effects, such as cell death and delayed growth or development. Empowered by decades of development of inducible gene expression systems, researchers can now efficiently activate or suppress any gene, temporarily and quantitively at will, depending on experimental requirements and designs. Here, we review a number of most commonly used mammalian inducible expression systems and provide basic standards and criteria for the selection of the most suitable one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Kallunki
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Meng Q, Runkle ES. Regulation of flowering by green light depends on its photon flux density and involves cryptochromes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:762-771. [PMID: 30187495 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodic lighting can promote flowering of long-day plants (LDPs) and inhibit flowering of short-day plants (SDPs). Red (R) and far-red (FR) light regulate flowering through phytochromes, whereas blue light does so primarily through cryptochromes. In contrast, the role of green light in photoperiodic regulation of flowering has been inconsistent in previous studies. We grew four LDP species (two petunia cultivars, ageratum, snapdragon and Arabidopsis) and two SDP species (three chrysanthemum cultivars and marigold) in a greenhouse under truncated 9-h short days with or without 7-h day-extension lighting from green light (peak = 521 nm) at 0, 2, 13 or 25 μmol m-2 s-1 or R + white (W) + FR light at 2 μmol m-2 s-1 . Increasing the green photon flux density from 0 to 25 μmol m-2 s-1 accelerated flowering of all LDPs and delayed flowering of all SDPs. Petunia flowered similarly fast under R + W + FR light and moderate green light but was shorter and developed more branches under green light. To be as effective as R + W + FR light, saturation green photon flux densities were 2 μmol m-2 s-1 for LDP ageratum and SDP marigold and 13 μmol m-2 s-1 for LDP petunia. Snapdragon was the least sensitive to green light. In Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediated promotion of flowering under moderate green light, whereas both phytochrome B and cryptochrome 2 mediated that under R + W + FR light. We conclude that 7-h day-extension lighting from green light-emitting diodes can control flowering of photoperiodic ornamentals and that in Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediates promotion of flowering under green light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Meng
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA
| | - Erik S Runkle
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
TCP Transcription Factors Associate with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and CRYPTOCHROME 1 to Regulate Thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. iScience 2019; 15:600-610. [PMID: 31078553 PMCID: PMC6547012 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature, one of the most critical environmental cues, greatly affects plant growth, development, and reproduction. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a key transcription factor in light signaling pathway, plays a central role in temperature-mediated growth responses. How higher temperature regulates the function of PIF4, however, is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that three phylogenetically related TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors, TCP5, TCP13, and TCP17, play fundamental roles in promoting thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth by positively regulating the activity of PIF4. TCP17 was found to interact with a blue light receptor, CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1), at lower temperature, leading to reduced activity of TCP17. Higher temperature can increase the stability of TCP17, and release TCP17 from the CRY1-TCP17 complex, allowing it to upregulate the expression of PIF4 and enhance the transcriptional activity of PIF4. This study revealed the important roles of TCPs in regulating the activity of PIF4 in thermomorphogenesis. TCP transcription factors promote PIF4-mediated thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth TCP17 interacts with PIF4 to promote the transcriptional activity of PIF4 CRY1 interacts with TCP17 and represses the binding affinity of TCP17 with PIF4 Higher temperature releases TCP17 from the repression of CRY1
Collapse
|
92
|
Cai M, Chen S, Wu M, Zheng T, Zhou L, Li C, Zhang H, Wang J, Xu X, Chai J, Ren Y, Guo X, Zhang X, Lei C, Cheng Z, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhai H, Wang H, Zhu S, Wan J. Early heading 7 interacts with DTH8, and regulates flowering time in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:521-532. [PMID: 30790011 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
EH7/Ghd7 interacts with DTH8, and regulates heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice. Heading date, or flowering time, an important agronomic trait, influences regional adaptability and yield of crops. Many genes related to heading date in rice have been identified, and a preliminary regulatory network has been established, but the relationships between proteins involved are poorly understood. We identified a flowering suppressor EH7 (Early heading 7) that represses flowering under long-day (LD) conditions. The eh7 allele caused earlier heading, shorter plant height and less grain per main panicle than did the wild type (WT), but the tiller number and 1000-grain weight were not significantly affected under natural long-day conditions. Biochemical assays showed that EH7 interacts with DTH8. Quantitative PCR showed that EH7 inhibited heading date by downregulating the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1. We propose that EH7 interacts with DTH8 to control flowering time by regulating the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohong Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Saihua Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tianhui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juntao Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huqu Zhai
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Xu D, Marino G, Klingl A, Enderle B, Monte E, Kurth J, Hiltbrunner A, Leister D, Kleine T. Extrachloroplastic PP7L Functions in Chloroplast Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:323-341. [PMID: 30760637 PMCID: PMC6501107 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is indispensable for proper plant development and environmental acclimation. In a screen for mutants affected in photosynthesis, we identified the protein phosphatase7-like (pp7l) mutant, which displayed delayed chloroplast development in cotyledons and young leaves. PP7L, PP7, and PP7-long constitute a subfamily of phosphoprotein phosphatases. PP7 is thought to transduce a blue-light signal perceived by crys and phy a that induces expression of SIGMA FACTOR5 (SIG5). We observed that, like PP7, PP7L was predominantly localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and the pp7l phenotype was similar to that of the sig6 mutant. However, SIG6 expression was unaltered in pp7l mutants. Instead, loss of PP7L compromised translation and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation in chloroplasts, pointing to a distinct mechanism influencing chloroplast development. Promoters of genes deregulated in pp7l-1 were enriched in PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-binding motifs and the transcriptome of pp7l-1 resembled those of pif and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) signalosome complex (csn) mutants. However, pif and csn mutants, as well as cop1, cryptochromes (cry)1 cry2, and phytochromes (phy)A phyB mutants, do not share the pp7l photosynthesis phenotype. PhyB protein levels were elevated in pp7l mutants, but phyB overexpression plants did not resemble pp7l These results indicate that PP7L operates through a different pathway and that the control of greening and photosystem biogenesis can be separated. The lack of PP7L increased susceptibility to salt and high-light stress, whereas PP7L overexpression conferred resistance to high-light stress. Strikingly, PP7L was specifically recruited to Brassicales for the regulation of chloroplast development. This study adds another player involved in chloroplast biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duorong Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giada Marino
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beatrix Enderle
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology-Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona-Universidad de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joachim Kurth
- Plant Development, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
PCH1 regulates light, temperature, and circadian signaling as a structural component of phytochrome B-photobodies in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8603-8608. [PMID: 30948632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818217116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the phytochrome (phy) family of bilin-containing photoreceptors are major regulators of plant photomorphogenesis through their unique ability to photointerconvert between a biologically inactive red light-absorbing Pr state and an active far-red light-absorbing Pfr state. While the initial steps in Pfr signaling are unclear, an early event for the phyB isoform after photoconversion is its redistribution from the cytoplasm into subnuclear foci known as photobodies (PBs), which dissipate after Pfr reverts back to Pr by far-red irradiation or by temperature-dependent nonphotochemical reversion. Here we present evidence that PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL 1 (PCH1) functions both as an essential structural component of phyB-containing PBs and as a direct regulator of thermal reversion that is sufficient to stabilize phyB as Pfr in vitro. By examining the genetic interaction between a constitutively active phyBY276H-YFP allele (YHB-YFP) and PCH1, we show that the loss of PCH1 prevents YHB from coalescing into PBs without affecting its nuclear localization, whereas overexpression of PCH1 dramatically increases PB levels. Loss of PCH1, presumably by impacting phyB-PB assembly, compromises a number of events elicited in YHB-YFP plants, including their constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype, red light-regulated thermomorphogenesis, and input of phyB into the circadian clock. Conversely, elevated levels of both phyB and PCH1 generate stable, yet far-red light-reversible PBs that persisted for days. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the assembly of PCH1-containing PBs is critical for phyB signaling to multiple outputs and suggest that altering PB dynamics could be exploited to modulate plant responses to light and temperature.
Collapse
|
95
|
Haar LL, Lawrence DS, Hughes RM. Optogenetic perturbation of the biochemical pathways that control cell behavior. Methods Enzymol 2019; 622:309-328. [PMID: 31155059 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic tools provide a level of spatial and temporal resolution needed to shed new light on dynamic intercellular processes. In this chapter we outline specific protocols for applying these tools to cell motility (optogenetic cofilin), apoptosis [optogenetic Bcl-like protein 4 (Bax)], and protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways [optogenetic cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)]. The activity of these optogenetic species is regulated by the light-mediated dimerization of a cryptochrome/Cib protein pair, which controls the intracellular positioning of the protein of interest. The light induced recruitment of cofilin to the cytoskeleton is utilized for directed migration studies and filopodial dynamics. Light-triggered migration of Bax to the outer mitochondrial membrane induces cellular collapse and eventual apoptosis. Finally, the light-mediated movement of PKA to specific intracellular compartments offers the means to assess the consequences of PKA activity in a site-specific fashion via phosphoproteomic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Haar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kumari S, Panigrahi KCS. Light and auxin signaling cross-talk programme root development in plants. J Biosci 2019; 44:26. [PMID: 30837377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Root development in plants is affected by light and phytohormones. Different ranges of light wavelength influence root patterning in a particular manner. Red and white light promote overall root development, whereas blue light has both positive as well as negative role in these processes. Light-mediated root development primarily occurs through modulation of synthesis, signaling and transport of the phytohormone auxin. Auxin has been shown to play a critical role in root development. It is being well-understood that components of light and auxin signaling cross-talk with each other. However, the signaling network that can modulate the root development is an intense area of research. Currently, limited information is available about the interaction of these two signaling pathways. This review not only summarizes the current findings on how different quality and quantity of light affect various aspects of root development but also present the role of auxin in these developmental aspects starting from lower to higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sony Kumari
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Odisha 752 050, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kumari S, Panigrahi KCS. Light and auxin signaling cross-talk programme root development in plants. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
98
|
Fantini E, Sulli M, Zhang L, Aprea G, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Bendahmane A, Perrotta G, Giuliano G, Facella P. Pivotal Roles of Cryptochromes 1a and 2 in Tomato Development and Physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:732-748. [PMID: 30541876 PMCID: PMC6426409 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are flavin-containing blue/UVA light photoreceptors that regulate various plant light-induced physiological processes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cryptochromes mediate de-etiolation, photoperiodic control of flowering, entrainment of the circadian clock, cotyledon opening and expansion, anthocyanin accumulation, and root growth. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cryptochromes are encoded by a multigene family, comprising CRY1a, CRY1b, CRY2, and CRY3 We have previously reported the phenotypes of tomato cry1a mutants and CRY2 overexpressing plants. Here, we report the isolation by targeting induced local lesions in genomes, of a tomato cry2 knock-out mutant, its introgression in the indeterminate Moneymaker background, and the phenotypes of cry1a/cry2 single and double mutants. The cry1a/cry2 mutant showed phenotypes similar to its Arabidopsis counterpart (long hypocotyls in white and blue light), but also several additional features such as increased seed weight and internode length, enhanced hypocotyl length in red light, inhibited primary root growth under different light conditions, anticipation of flowering under long-day conditions, and alteration of the phase of circadian leaf movements. Both cry1a and cry2 control the levels of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, but cry2 has a predominant role in fruit pigmentation. Metabolites of the sterol, tocopherol, quinone, and sugar classes are differentially accumulated in cry1a and cry2 leaves and fruits. These results demonstrate a pivotal role of cryptochromes in controlling tomato development and physiology. The manipulation of these photoreceptors represents a powerful tool to influence important agronomic traits such as flowering time and fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Fantini
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Maria Sulli
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - José M Jiménez-Gómez
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Science - Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaetano Perrotta
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Facella
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Li H, Lyu Y, Chen X, Wang C, Yao D, Ni S, Lin Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lai Z. Exploration of the Effect of Blue Light on Functional Metabolite Accumulation in Longan Embryonic Calli via RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E441. [PMID: 30669555 PMCID: PMC6359358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an important factor that affects the synthesis of functional metabolites in longan embryogenic calli (ECs). However, analysis of the effect of light on functional metabolites in longan ECs via RNA sequencing has rarely been reported and their light regulation network is unclear. The contents of various functional metabolites as well as the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the level of H₂O₂ in longan ECs were significantly higher under blue light treatment than under the other treatments (dark, white). In this study, we sequenced three mRNA libraries constructed from longan ECs subjected to different treatments. A total of 4463, 1639 and 1806 genes were differentially expressed in the dark versus blue (DB), dark versus white (DW) and white versus blue (WB) combinations, respectively. According to GO and KEGG analyses, most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified were involved in transmembrane transport, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, calcium transport and so forth. Mapman analysis revealed that more DEGs were identified in each DB combination pathway than in DW combination pathways, indicating that blue light exerts a significantly stronger regulatory effect on longan EC metabolism than the other treatments. Based on previous research and transcriptome data mining, a blue light signaling network of genes that affect longan functional metabolites was constructed and HY5, PIF4 and MYC2 were shown to be the key regulatory genes in the network. The results of this study demonstrate that the expression levels of phase-specific genes vary with changes in longan EC functional metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Li
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China.
| | - Yumeng Lyu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Congqiao Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deheng Yao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shanshan Ni
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Wang W, Chen Q, Botella JR, Guo S. Beyond Light: Insights Into the Role of Constitutively Photomorphogenic1 in Plant Hormonal Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 31156657 PMCID: PMC6532413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor with profound effects in plant growth and development. Constitutively photomorphogenic1 (COP1) is a vital component of the light signaling pathway as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. Although the role of COP1 in light signaling has been firmly established for some time, recent studies have proven that COP1 is also a crucial part of multiple plant hormonal regulatory pathways. In this article, we review the available evidence involving COP1 in hormone signaling, its molecular mechanisms, and its contribution to the complicated regulatory network linking light and plant hormone signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qingbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: José Ramón Botella,
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Siyi Guo,
| |
Collapse
|