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Apodaca G. Defining the molecular fingerprint of bladder and kidney fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F826-F856. [PMID: 37823192 PMCID: PMC10886799 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00284.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are integral to the organization and function of all organs and play critical roles in pathologies such as fibrosis; however, we have limited understanding of the fibroblasts that populate the bladder and kidney. In this review, I describe how transcriptomics is leading to a revolution in our understanding of fibroblast biology by defining the molecular fingerprint (i.e., transcriptome) of universal and specialized fibroblast types, revealing gene signatures that allows one to resolve fibroblasts from other mesenchymal cell types, and providing a new comprehension of the fibroblast lineage. In the kidney, transcriptomics is giving us new insights into the molecular fingerprint of kidney fibroblasts, including those for cortical fibroblasts, medullary fibroblasts, and erythropoietin (EPO)-producing Norn fibroblasts, as well as new information about the gene signatures of kidney myofibroblasts and the transition of kidney fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Transcriptomics has also revealed that the major cell type in the bladder interstitium is the fibroblast, and that multiple fibroblast types, each with their own molecular fingerprint, are found in the bladder wall. Interleaved throughout is a discussion of how transcriptomics can drive our future understanding of fibroblast identification, diversity, function, and their roles in bladder and kidney biology and physiology in health and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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52
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Rhode H, Lüse A, Tautkus B, Nabity M, John-Kroegel U, Weigel F, Dost A, Schitke J, Metzing O, Böckhaus J, Rubel D, Kiess W, Gross O. Urinary Protein-Biomarkers Reliably Indicate Very Early Kidney Damage in Children With Alport Syndrome Independently of Albuminuria and Inflammation. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2778-2793. [PMID: 38106579 PMCID: PMC10719601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary type IV collagen disease. It starts shortly after birth, without clinical symptoms, and progresses to end-stage kidney disease early in life. The earlier therapy starts, the more effectively end-stage kidney disease can be delayed. Clearly then, to ensure preemptive therapy, early diagnosis is an essential prerequisite. Methods To provide early diagnosis, we searched for protein biomarkers (BMs) by mass spectrometry in dogs with AS stage 0. At this very early stage, we identified 74 candidate BMs. Of these, using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we evaluated 27 in dogs and 28 in children, 50 with AS and 104 healthy controls. Results Most BMs from blood appeared as fractions of multiple variants of the same protein, as shown by their chromatographic distribution before mass spectrometry. Blood samples showed only minor differences because ELISAs rarely detect disease-specific variants. However, in urine , several proteins, individually or in combination, were promising indicators of very early and preclinical kidney injury. The BMs with the highest sensitivity and specificity were collagen type XIII, hyaluronan binding protein 2 (HABP2), and complement C4 binding protein (C4BP). Conclusion We generated very strong candidate BMs by our approach of first examining preclinical AS in dogs and then validating these BMs in children at early stages of disease. These BMs might serve for screening purposes for AS before the onset of kidney damage and therefore allow preemptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Rhode
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Lüse
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bärbel Tautkus
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Axel Dost
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Schitke
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Metzing
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Böckhaus
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Rubel
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Li X, Shan J, Chen X, Cui H, Wen G, Yu Y. Decellularized diseased tissues: current state-of-the-art and future directions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e399. [PMID: 38020712 PMCID: PMC10661834 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized matrices derived from diseased tissues/organs have evolved in the most recent years, providing novel research perspectives for understanding disease occurrence and progression and providing accurate pseudo models for developing new disease treatments. Although decellularized matrix maintaining the native composition, ultrastructure, and biomechanical characteristics of extracellular matrix (ECM), alongside intact and perfusable vascular compartments, facilitates the construction of bioengineered organ explants in vitro and promotes angiogenesis and tissue/organ regeneration in vivo, the availability of healthy tissues and organs for the preparation of decellularized ECM materials is limited. In this paper, we review the research advancements in decellularized diseased matrices. Considering that current research focuses on the matrices derived from cancers and fibrotic organs (mainly fibrotic kidney, lungs, and liver), the pathological characterizations and the applications of these diseased matrices are mainly discussed. Additionally, a contrastive analysis between the decellularized diseased matrices and decellularized healthy matrices, along with the development in vitro 3D models, is discussed in this paper. And last, we have provided the challenges and future directions in this review. Deep and comprehensive research on decellularized diseased tissues and organs will promote in-depth exploration of source materials in tissue engineering field, thus providing new ideas for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianyang Shan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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54
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Minuth WW. Installation of the developing nephron in the fetal human kidney during advanced pregnancy. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 38012334 PMCID: PMC10682366 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidneys of preterm and low birth weight babies reflect vulnerability, since several noxae can evoke the termination of nephron formation. This again leads to oligonephropathy with severe consequences for health in the later life. While the clinical parameters have been intensely investigated, only little is known about the initial traces left by the noxae. For the fetal human kidney, solely the lack of basophilic S-shaped bodies and the reduction in width of the nephrogenic zone were registered. It is not known in how far also the involved progenitor cells, the earlier nephron stages, the collecting duct (CD) ampullae, and the local interstitium are collaterally harmed. AIM The interstitium at the forming nephron is heterogeneously structured. Thereby, it fulfills quite different mastering and integrative tasks. Since data dealing with the installation of a nephron is not available, the microanatomical features were recorded. RESULTS The microscopic specimens show that the installation of the transient stages of nephron anlage is not synchronized. Instead, it is controlled within a nephrogenic compartment of the nephrogenic zone. It starts near the renal capsule by positioning the nephrogenic niche so that the nephrogenic progenitor cells face the epithelial progenitor cell at the tip of a CD ampulla. Then, the induced nephrogenic progenitor cells assimilate in the pretubular aggregate. While its medial part remains opposite the head of the CD ampulla, at its proximal end, the primitive renal vesicle is formed. Only a part of it separates to stick to the section border between the head and conus of the CD ampulla. This marks the link with the future connecting tubule at the distal pole of the extending renal vesicle. Meanwhile, the proximal pole is mounted next to the connecting tubule of an earlier developed nephron. The resulting two-point mounting serves a common elongation of the conus at the CD ampulla and the medial aspect of the comma-shaped body. In the S-shaped body, it supports to defoliate the arising glomerulus and to link it with the perforating radiate artery at its deep lateral aspect. CONCLUSIONS The investigation depicts that the installation is an interactive process between the stages of nephron anlage and its structural neighbors. A special meaning has the interjacent interstitium. It is vital for the positioning, shaping, and physiological integration. Due to its special location, this is mainly exposed to noxae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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55
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Sinha SK, Nicholas SB. Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7349. [PMID: 38068400 PMCID: PMC10707303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Møller AL, Thöni S, Keller F, Sharifli S, Rasmussen DGK, Genovese F, Karsdal MA, Mayer G. Combination Therapy of RAS Inhibition and SGLT2 Inhibitors Decreases Levels of Endotrophin in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3084. [PMID: 38002084 PMCID: PMC10669010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated for the first time the effect of combination therapy of renin-angiotensin system inhibition (RASi) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on endotrophin (ETP), a pro-fibrotic signaling molecule reflecting collagen type VI formation, measured in the plasma of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). ETP was measured using the PRO-C6 ELISA in 294 individuals from the "Drug combinations for rewriting trajectories of renal pathologies in type 2 diabetes" (DC-ren) project. In the DC-ren study, kidney disease progression was defined as a >10% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Among the investigated circulating markers, ETP was the most significant predictor of future eGFR. Combination therapy of RASi and SGLT2is led to a significant reduction in ETP levels compared to RASi monotherapy (p for slope difference = 0.002). Higher levels of baseline plasma ETP were associated with a significantly increased risk of kidney disease progression (p = 0.007). In conclusion, plasma ETP identified individuals at higher risk of kidney disease progression. The observed decreased levels of plasma ETP with combination therapy of RASi and SGLT2is in persons with T2D may reflect a reduced risk of kidney disease progression following treatment with SGLT2is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Louise Møller
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Thöni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Samir Sharifli
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Fan D, Ying Z, Yang Y, Qian Q, Li Y, Wang P, An X, Yan M. Deciphering the anti-renal fibrosis mechanism of triptolide in diabetic nephropathy by the integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 316:116774. [PMID: 37311501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Decai Fan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, NO. 24 TongJiaXiang St., Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zi Ying
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, NO. 24 TongJiaXiang St., Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, NO. 24 TongJiaXiang St., Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 155 HanZhong Rd., Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 155 HanZhong Rd., Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Panjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 155 HanZhong Rd., Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 155 HanZhong Rd., Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, NO. 24 TongJiaXiang St., Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xu L, Jiang H, Xie J, Xu Q, Zhou J, Lu X, Wang M, Dong L, Zuo D. Mannan-binding lectin ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21882. [PMID: 38034794 PMCID: PMC10685189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. MBL deficiency correlates with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we established a CKD model in wild-type (WT) and MBL-deficient (MBL-/-) mice via unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The result showed that MBL deficiency aggravated the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Strikingly, the in vivo macrophage depletion investigation revealed that macrophages play an essential role in the MBL-mediated suppression of renal fibrosis. We found that MBL limited the progression of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in kidney tissues of UUO mice. Further in vitro study showed that MBL-/- macrophages exhibited significantly increased levels of fibrotic-related molecules compared with WT cells upon transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stimulation. We demonstrated that MBL inhibited the MMT process by suppressing the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and activation of Akt signaling. In summary, our study revealed an expected role of MBL on macrophage transition during renal fibrosis, thus offering new insight into the potential of MBL as a therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
| | - Honglian Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qishan Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Melander SA, Møller AL, Mohamed KE, Rasmussen DGK, Genovese F, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K, Larsen AT. Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist treatment reduces biomarkers associated with kidney fibrosis in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E529-E539. [PMID: 37792041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) are effective treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). They provide beneficial effects on body weight, glucose control, and insulin action. However, whether DACRAs protect against diabetes-related kidney damage remains unknown. We characterize the potential of long-acting DACRAs (KBP-A, Key Bioscience Peptide-A) as a treatment for T2D-related pathological alterations of the kidney extracellular matrix (ECM) in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF). We examined levels of endotrophin (profibrotic signaling molecule reflecting collagen type VI formation) and tumstatin (matrikine derived from collagen type IVα3) in serum and evaluated kidney morphology and collagen deposition in the kidneys. We included a study in obese Sprague-Dawley rats to further investigate the impact of KBP-A on ECM biomarkers. In ZDF vehicles, levels of endotrophin and tumstatin increased, suggesting disease progression along with an increase in blood glucose levels. These rats also displayed damage to their kidneys, which was evident from the presence of collagen formation in the medullary region of the kidney. Interestingly, KBP-A treatment attenuated these increases, resulting in significantly lower levels of endotrophin and tumstatin than the vehicle. Levels of endotrophin and tumstatin were unchanged in obese Sprague-Dawley rats, supporting the relation to diabetes-related kidney complications. Furthermore, KBP-A treatment normalized collagen deposition in the kidney while improving glucose control. These studies confirm the beneficial effects of DACRAs on biomarkers associated with kidney fibrosis. Moreover, these antifibrotic effects are likely associated with improved glucose control, highlighting KBP-A as a promising treatment of T2D and its related late complications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies describe the beneficial effects of using a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA) for diabetes-related kidney complications. DACRA treatment reduced levels of serological biomarkers associated with kidney fibrosis. These reductions were further reflected by reduced collagen expression in diabetic kidneys. In general, these results validate the use of serological biomarkers while demonstrating the potential effect of DACRAs in treating diabetes-related long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anna Melander
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Louise Møller
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
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60
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Yakupova E, Semenovich D, Abramicheva P, Zorova L, Pevzner I, Andrianova N, Popkov V, Manskikh V, Bocharnikov A, Voronina Y, Zorov D, Plotnikov E. Effects of caloric restriction and ketogenic diet on renal fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21003. [PMID: 37928038 PMCID: PMC10623167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) and a ketogenic diet (KD) have been previously shown when performed prior to kidney injury. We investigated the effects of CR and KD on fibrosis development after unilateral kidney ischemia/reperfusion (UIR). Post-treatment with CR significantly (p < 0.05) affected blood glucose (2-fold decrease), ketone bodies (3-fold increase), lactate (1.5-fold decrease), and lipids (1.4-fold decrease). In the kidney, CR improved succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity by 2-fold each, but worsened fibrosis progression. Similar results were shown for the KD, which restored the post-UIR impaired activities of succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (which was decreased 2-fold) but had no effect on fibrosis progression. Thus, our study shows that the use of CR or KD after UIR did not reduce the development of fibrosis, as shown by hydroxyproline content, western-blotting, and RT-PCR, whereas it caused significant metabolic changes in kidney tissue after UIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - D.S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - P.A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - L.D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - I.B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - N.V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - V.A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - V.N. Manskikh
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - A.D. Bocharnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Y.A. Voronina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - D.B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - E.Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Wu D, Wu J, Liu H, Shi S, Wang L, Huang Y, Yu X, Lei Z, Ouyang T, Shen J, Wu G, Wang S. A biomimetic renal fibrosis progression model on-chip evaluates anti-fibrotic effects longitudinally in a dynamic fibrogenic niche. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4708-4725. [PMID: 37840380 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00393k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although renal fibrosis can advance chronic kidney disease and progressively lead to end-stage renal failure, no effective anti-fibrotic drugs have been clinically approved. To aid drug development, we developed a biomimetic renal fibrosis progression model on-chip to evaluate anti-fibrotic effects of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles and pirfenidone (PFD) across different fibrotic stages. First, the dynamic interplay between fibroblasts and kidney-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) resembling the fibrogenic niche on-chip demonstrated that myofibroblasts induced by stiff ECM in 3 days were reversed to fibroblasts by switching to soft ECM, which was within 2, but not 7 days. Second, PFD significantly down-regulated the expression of α-SMA in NRK-49F in medium ECM, as opposed to stiff ECM. Third, a study in rats showed that early administration of PFD significantly inhibited renal fibrosis in terms of the expression levels of α-SMA and YAP. Taken together, both on-chip and animal models indicate the importance of early anti-fibrotic intervention for checking the progression of renal fibrosis. Therefore, this renal fibrosis progression on-chip with a feature of recapitulating dynamic biochemical and biophysical cues can be readily used to assess anti-fibrotic candidates and to explore the tipping point when the fibrotic fate can be rescued for better medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shengyu Shi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Liangwen Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixiao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhuoyue Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Tanliang Ouyang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Cheng X, Hu B, Jiang D, Wu L, Peng S, Hu J. Mechanotransductive receptor Piezo1 as a promising target in the treatment of fibrosis diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270979. [PMID: 37900917 PMCID: PMC10602816 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis could happen in every organ, leading to organic malfunction and even organ failure, which poses a serious threat to global health. Early treatment of fibrosis has been reported to be the turning point, therefore, exploring potential correlates in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and how to reverse fibrosis has become a pressing issue. As a mechanism-sensitive cationic calcium channel, Piezo1 turns on in response to changes in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Piezo1 exerts multiple biological roles, including inhibition of inflammation, cytoskeletal stabilization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stromal stiffness, and immune cell mechanotransduction, interestingly enough. These processes are closely associated with the development of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that deletion or knockdown of Piezo1 attenuates the onset of fibrosis. Therefore, in this paper we comprehensively describe the biology of this gene, focusing on its potential relevance in pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis diseases, except for the role of drugs (agonists), increased intracellular calcium and mechanical stress using this gene in alleviating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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63
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Klinkhammer BM, Boor P. Kidney fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101206. [PMID: 37541106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients worldwide suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is accompanied by kidney fibrosis, which affects all compartments of the kidney, i.e., the glomeruli, tubulointerstitium, and vasculature. Fibrosis is the best predictor of progression of kidney diseases. Currently, there is no specific anti-fibrotic therapy for kidney patients and invasive renal biopsy remains the only option for specific detection and quantification of kidney fibrosis. Here we review emerging diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic options for fibrosis. We discuss how translational research could help to establish fibrosis-specific endpoints for clinical trials, leading to improved patient stratification and potentially companion diagnostics, and facilitating and optimizing development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies for kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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64
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Nørregaard R, Mutsaers HAM, Frøkiær J, Kwon TH. Obstructive nephropathy and molecular pathophysiology of renal interstitial fibrosis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2827-2872. [PMID: 37440209 PMCID: PMC10642920 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play a key role in maintaining total body homeostasis. The complexity of this task is reflected in the unique architecture of the organ. Ureteral obstruction greatly affects renal physiology by altering hemodynamics, changing glomerular filtration and renal metabolism, and inducing architectural malformations of the kidney parenchyma, most importantly renal fibrosis. Persisting pathological changes lead to chronic kidney disease, which currently affects ∼10% of the global population and is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Studies on the consequences of ureteral obstruction date back to the 1800s. Even today, experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) remains the standard model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the model has certain limitations when it comes to studying tubular injury and repair, as well as a limited potential for human translation. Nevertheless, ureteral obstruction has provided the scientific community with a wealth of knowledge on renal (patho)physiology. With the introduction of advanced omics techniques, the classical UUO model has remained relevant to this day and has been instrumental in understanding renal fibrosis at the molecular, genomic, and cellular levels. This review details key concepts and recent advances in the understanding of obstructive nephropathy, highlighting the pathophysiological hallmarks responsible for the functional and architectural changes induced by ureteral obstruction, with a special emphasis on renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Dos Santos Bronel BA, Maquigussa E, Boim MA, da Silva Novaes A. Effect of extracellular vesicles derived from induced pluripotent stem cells on mesangial cells underwent a model of fibrosis in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15749. [PMID: 37735602 PMCID: PMC10514265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrogenic process plays a significant pathophysiological role in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one strategy to delay disease progression but does not reverse established fibrosis. In this context, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been considered an alternative due to their regenerative potential. iPSCs exert their effects through paracrine signaling, which releases specific biomolecules into the extracellular environment, either directly or within extracellular vesicle (EVs), that can reach target cells. This study aims to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of iPSC-derived EVs (EV-iPSCs) in an in vitro model of fibrosis using mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) stimulated with TGF-β. EV-iPSCs were obtained by differentially ultracentrifuging iPSCs culture medium. MMCs were stimulated with 5 ng/mL of TGF-β and simultaneously treated with or without EV-iPSCs for 24 h. Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, and RAS components were assessed using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Under TGF-β stimulus, MMCs exhibited increased expression of inflammation markers, RAS components, and fibrosis. However, these changes were mitigated in the presence of EV-iPSCs. EV-iPSCs effectively reduced inflammation, RAS activation, and fibrogenesis in this fibrosis model involving mesangial cells, suggesting their potential as a strategy to reduce glomerular sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Aristides Dos Santos Bronel
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 781 Pedro de Toledo St, 13° Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 781 Pedro de Toledo St, 13° Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 781 Pedro de Toledo St, 13° Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Antônio da Silva Novaes
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 781 Pedro de Toledo St, 13° Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Møller AL, Tougaard NH, Rasmussen DGK, Genovese F, Rønn PF, Hansen TW, Karsdal MA, Rossing P. Endotrophin as a risk marker of mortality and kidney complications in a type 1 diabetes cohort. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1229579. [PMID: 37724129 PMCID: PMC10505392 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1229579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia triggers pathological pathways leading to fibrosis, where extracellular matrix (ECM) components are accumulated. We investigated the potential of endotrophin, a pro-fibrotic molecule generated during collagen type VI formation, as a risk marker for complications to type 1 diabetes. Endotrophin was measured in serum and urine from 1,468 persons with type 1 diabetes. Outcomes included a composite kidney endpoint, first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), all-cause mortality, progression of albuminuria, incident heart failure, and sight-threatening diabetic eye disease. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for conventional risk factors were applied. A doubling of serum endotrophin was independently associated with the kidney endpoint (n = 30/1,462; hazard ratio 3.39 [95% CI: 1.98-5.82]), all-cause mortality (n = 93/1,468; 1.44 [1.03-2.0]), and progression of albuminuria (n = 80/1,359; 1.82 [1.32-2.52]), but not with first MACE, heart failure, or sight-threatening diabetic eye disease after adjustment. Urinary endotrophin was not associated with any outcome after adjustment. Serum endotrophin was a risk marker for mortality and kidney complications in type 1 diabetes. Biomarkers of ECM remodeling, such as serum endotrophin, may identify persons with active pro-fibrotic processes at risk for complications in diabetes and where antifibrotic agents may reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Louise Møller
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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67
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Yang Y, Mihajlovic M, Masereeuw R. Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Senescence and Kidney Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2408. [PMID: 37760849 PMCID: PMC10525416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition of kidney dysfunction due to diverse causes of injury. In healthy kidneys, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are cleared from the systemic circulation by proximal tubule cells through the concerted action of plasma membrane transporters that facilitate their urinary excretion, but the endogenous metabolites are hardly removed with kidney dysfunction and may contribute to CKD progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that senescence of kidney tubule cells influences kidney fibrosis, the common endpoint for CKD with an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Senescence is a special state of cells characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest and limitation of proliferation, which promotes fibrosis by releasing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. The accumulation of PBUTs in CKD causes oxidative stress and increases the production of inflammatory (SASP) factors that could trigger fibrosis. Recent studies gave some clues that PBUTs may also promote senescence in kidney tubular cells. This review provides an overview on how senescence contributes to CKD, the involvement of PBUTs in this process, and how kidney senescence can be studied. Finally, some suggestions for future therapeutic options for CKD while targeting senescence are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Milos Mihajlovic
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Gluba-Sagr A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Role of miRNA in Renal Fibrosis Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2358. [PMID: 37760798 PMCID: PMC10525803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health concern that is expected to be the fifth most widespread cause of death worldwide by 2040. The presence of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia, etc., stimulates the development and progression of CKD. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathomechanism of renal dysfunction, irrespective of the primary origin of renal injury. With time, fibrosis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are involved in the onset and development of fibrosis and CKD. miRNAs are vital regulators of some pathophysiological processes; therefore, their utility as therapeutic agents in various diseases has been suggested. Several miRNAs were demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of kidney disease. Since renal fibrosis is an important problem in chronic kidney disease, many scientists have focused on the determination of miRNAs associated with kidney fibrosis. In this review, we present the role of several miRNAs in renal fibrosis and the potential pathways involved. However, as well as those mentioned above, other miRs have also been suggested to play a role in this process in CKD. The reports concerning the impact of some miRNAs on fibrosis are conflicting, probably because the expression and regulation of miRNAs occur in a tissue- and even cell-dependent manner. Moreover, different assessment modes and populations have been used. There is a need for large studies and clinical trials to confirm the role of miRs in a clinical setting. miRNAs have great potential; thus, their analysis may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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69
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Shen S, Wei J, Kang W, Wang T. Elucidating shared biomarkers and pathways in kidney stones and diabetes: insights into novel therapeutic targets and the role of resveratrol. J Transl Med 2023; 21:491. [PMID: 37480086 PMCID: PMC10360253 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic mechanisms shared between kidney stones and diabetes at the transcriptional level remain elusive, and the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol exerts its protective effects against these conditions require further investigation. METHODS To address these gaps in knowledge, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of microarray and RNA-seq datasets to elucidate shared biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of kidney stones and diabetes. An assortment of bioinformatic approaches was employed to illuminate the common molecular markers and associated pathways, thereby contributing to the identification of innovative therapeutic targets. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in preventing these conditions was conducted using molecular docking simulation and first-principles calculations. RESULTS The study identified 11 potential target genes associated with kidney stones and diabetes through the intersection of genes from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening. Among these, Interleukin 11 (IL11) emerged as a pivotal hub gene and a potential diagnostic biomarker for both conditions, particularly in males. Expression analysis of IL11 demonstrated elevated levels in kidney stones and diabetes groups compared to controls. Additionally, IL11 exhibited correlations with specific cell types and differential expression in normal and pathological conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighted significant disparities in biological processes, pathways, and immune signatures associated with IL11. Moreover, molecular docking simulation of resveratrol towards IL11 and a first-principles investigation of Ca adsorption on the resveratrol surface provided structural evidence for the development of resveratrol-based drugs for these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this investigation illuminates the discovery of common molecular mechanisms underlying kidney stones and diabetes, unveils potential diagnostic biomarkers, and elucidates the significance of IL11 in these conditions. It also provides insights into IL11 as a promising therapeutic target and highlights the role of resveratrol. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of IL11 targeting mechanisms and address any limitations in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Shen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jiafeng Wei
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Weiting Kang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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70
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Rende U, Guller A, Goldys EM, Pollock C, Saad S. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. J Physiol 2023; 601:2801-2826. [PMID: 37227074 DOI: 10.1113/jp284289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathophysiological pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of the underlying cause of kidney injury. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is considered to be the key pathological predictor of CKD progression. Currently, the gold-standard tool to identify TIF is kidney biopsy, an invasive method that carries risks. Non-invasive diagnostics rely on an estimation of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria to assess kidney function, but these fail to diagnose early CKD accurately or to predict progressive decline in kidney function. In this review, we summarize the current and emerging molecular biomarkers that have been studied in various clinical settings and in animal models of kidney disease and that are correlated with the degree of TIF. We examine the potential of these biomarkers to diagnose TIF non-invasively and to predict disease progression. We also examine the potential of new technologies and non-invasive diagnostic approaches in assessing TIF. Limitations of current and potential biomarkers are discussed and knowledge gaps identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Rende
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Zhong Y, Li X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng D. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of naringin against renal fibrosis. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230736. [PMID: 37305520 PMCID: PMC10251165 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the pharmacological mechanism of naringin (NRG) in renal fibrosis (RF) based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation. We used databases to screen for the targets of NRG and RF. The "drug-disease network" was established using Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of targets were performed using Metascape, and molecular docking was performed using Schrödinger. We established an RF model in both mice and cells to validate the results of network pharmacology. After screening the database, we identified 222 common targets of NRG and RF and established a target network. Molecular docking showed that the target AKT had a good interaction with NRG. We found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway was enriched by multiple targets and served as a target for experimental validation through GO and KEGG. The results revealed that NRG ameliorated renal dysfunction, reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines, decreased the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and Fn, and recovered the expression of E-cad by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study used pharmacological analysis to predict the targets and mechanisms of NRG against RF. Furthermore, experiments proved that NRG inhibited RF effectively by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
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Pickering ME, Oris C, Chapurlat R. Periostin in Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad081. [PMID: 37362382 PMCID: PMC10285762 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), prevalent disorders worldwide, often coexist and share common risk factors. The identification of common biomarkers could significantly improve patients' preventive care. Objectives The objectives are 1, to review periostin (Postn) involvement in osteoporosis and in CVD, and 2, identify if Postn could be a common biomarker. Design This is a scoping review on Postn in OP and CVD. Methods Databases were searched, in vitro and in vivo, for publications in English on Postn, bone, and the cardiovascular system, with no limit regarding publication date. Results Postn appears as a key factor in OP and CVD. Its role as a potential biomarker in both pathologies is described in recent studies, but a number of limitations have been identified. Conclusions Current evidence provides fragmented views on Postn in OP and CVD and does not encapsulate Postn as a common pivotal thread linking these comorbidities. A number of gaps impede highlighting Postn as a common biomarker. There is room for future basic and clinical research with Postn as a marker and a target to provide new therapeutic options for aging patients with concomitant OP and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eva Pickering
- Correspondence: Marie-Eva Pickering, MD, Rheumatology Department, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Charlotte Oris
- Service de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, Cedex 03, France
- Inserm UMR 1033, 69437 Lyon, Cedex 03, France
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74
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Lindquist JA, Bernhardt A, Reichardt C, Sauter E, Brandt S, Rana R, Lindenmeyer MT, Philipsen L, Isermann B, Zhu C, Mertens PR. Cold Shock Domain Protein DbpA Orchestrates Tubular Cell Damage and Interstitial Fibrosis in Inflammatory Kidney Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37408260 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-binding protein A (DbpA) belongs to the Y-box family of cold shock domain proteins that exert transcriptional and translational activities in the cell via their ability to bind and regulate mRNA. To investigate the role of DbpA in kidney disease, we utilized the murine unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model, which recapitulates many features of obstructive nephropathy seen in humans. We observed that DbpA protein expression is induced within the renal interstitium following disease induction. Compared with wild-type animals, obstructed kidneys from Ybx3-deficient mice are protected from tissue injury, with a significant reduction in the number of infiltrating immune cells as well as in extracellular matrix deposition. RNAseq data from UUO kidneys show that Ybx3 is expressed by activated fibroblasts, which reside within the renal interstitium. Our data support a role for DbpA in orchestrating renal fibrosis and suggest that strategies targeting DbpA may be a therapeutic option to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Lindquist
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bernhardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Sauter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Fertala J, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud J, Arnold WV, Fertala A. Extracellular Targets to Reduce Excessive Scarring in Response to Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050758. [PMID: 37238628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics, progressive fibrosis remains a significant medical problem. Regardless of the injury type or location of wounded tissue, excessive production and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is the common denominator of all fibrotic disorders. A long-standing dogma was that anti-fibrotic approaches should focus on overall intracellular processes that drive fibrotic scarring. Because of the poor outcomes of these approaches, scientific efforts now focus on regulating the extracellular components of fibrotic tissues. Crucial extracellular players include cellular receptors of matrix components, macromolecules that form the matrix architecture, auxiliary proteins that facilitate the formation of stiff scar tissue, matricellular proteins, and extracellular vesicles that modulate matrix homeostasis. This review summarizes studies targeting the extracellular aspects of fibrotic tissue synthesis, presents the rationale for these studies, and discusses the progress and limitations of current extracellular approaches to limit fibrotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William V Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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76
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Zhang Q, Ye J, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Wang X, Jiang W, Guo X, Chen L, Cheng S, Li J, Zhang L. Aristolocholic acid I promotes renal tubular epithelial fibrosis by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via activating the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2023; 381:27-35. [PMID: 37084829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) can cause nephrotoxicity and is characterized by interstitial fibrosis. The C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) play important roles in fibrosis, but whether they are involved in AAI-induced renal interstitial fibrosis and are related remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating MMP-9 in aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Intraperitoneal injection of AAI for 28 days successfully induced AAN in C57bl/6 mice. The content of C3a in the kidney of AAN mice was increased, and there was a significant distribution of macrophages in the renal tubules. The same results were observed in the in vitro experiment. We also explored the role and mechanism of macrophages after AAI administration in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and found that AAI could activate the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages to upregulate p65 expression in macrophages. p65 upregulated MMP-9 expression in macrophages not only directly but also by promoting the secretion if interleukin-6 by macrophages and then activating STAT3 in RTECs. The upregulation of MMP-9 expression could promote the EMT of RTECs. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the AAI-activated the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages, which induced MMP-9 production, was one of the causes of renal interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, targeting the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages is an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis in AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Langqun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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CDC20 inhibition alleviates fibrotic response of renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts by regulating nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166663. [PMID: 36764621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological phenomenon in progressive kidney disease leading to eventual loss of kidney function. Previous studies demonstrated that CDC20 plays a role in cancers by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the infiltration of fibroblasts, suggesting the potential of CDC20 in regulating fibrotic response. However, the role of CDC20 in renal fibrosis is yet unclear. Herein, we reported that renal CDC20 was remarkably upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which was in line with a positive correlation with the severity of kidney fibrosis. In mice with unilateral urinary obstruction, CDC20 was also strikingly enhanced, and treatment with Apcin, an inhibitor of CDC20, ameliorated kidney fibrosis. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of CDC20 in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells and rat fibroblasts attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses, while overexpression of CDC20 aggravated such responses. Additional studies revealed that CDC20 induces nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which in turn initiates and promotes the pathological process of fibrosis in CKD. Thus, enhanced CDC20 in renal tubular cells and fibroblasts promotes renal fibrosis by activating β-catenin, and CDC20 inhibition may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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78
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Humphries TLR, Vesey DA, Galloway GJ, Gobe GC, Francis RS. Identifying disease progression in chronic kidney disease using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 134-135:52-64. [PMID: 37321758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the world population, higher still in some developing countries, and can cause irreversible kidney damage eventually leading to kidney failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, not all patients with CKD will progress to this stage, and it is difficult to distinguish between progressors and non-progressors at the time of diagnosis. Current clinical practice involves monitoring estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria to assess CKD trajectory over time; however, there remains a need for novel, validated methods that differentiate CKD progressors and non-progressors. Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, have the potential to improve our understanding of CKD progression. Herein, we review the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy both in preclinical and clinical settings to improve the diagnosis and surveillance of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone L R Humphries
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Graham J Galloway
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ross S Francis
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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79
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Naba A. 10 years of extracellular matrix proteomics: Accomplishments, challenges, and future perspectives. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100528. [PMID: 36918099 PMCID: PMC10152135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of hundreds of proteins forming the architectural scaffold of multicellular organisms. In addition to its structural role, the ECM conveys signals orchestrating cellular phenotypes. Alterations of ECM composition, abundance, structure, or mechanics, have been linked to diseases and disorders affecting all physiological systems, including fibrosis and cancer. Deciphering the protein composition of the ECM and how it changes in pathophysiological contexts is thus the first step toward understanding the roles of the ECM in health and disease and toward the development of therapeutic strategies to correct disease-causing ECM alterations. Potentially, the ECM also represents a vast, yet untapped reservoir of disease biomarkers. ECM proteins are characterized by unique biochemical properties that have hindered their study: they are large, heavily and uniquely post-translationally modified, and highly insoluble. Overcoming these challenges, we and others have devised mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to define the ECM composition, or "matrisome", of tissues. This review provides a historical overview of ECM proteomics research and presents the latest advances that now allow the profiling of the ECM of healthy and diseased tissues. The second part highlights recent examples illustrating how ECM proteomics has emerged as a powerful discovery pipeline to identify prognostic cancer biomarkers. The third part discusses remaining challenges limiting our ability to translate findings to clinical application and proposes approaches to overcome them. Last, the review introduces readers to resources available to facilitate the interpretation of ECM proteomics datasets. The ECM was once thought to be impenetrable. MS-based proteomics has proven to be a powerful tool to decode the ECM. In light of the progress made over the past decade, there are reasons to believe that the in-depth exploration of the matrisome is within reach and that we may soon witness the first translational application of ECM proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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80
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Verçosa BLA, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Menezes-Souza D, Fujiwara RT, Borges LDF, Melo MN, Vasconcelos AC. MCP-1/IL-12 ratio expressions correlated with adventitial collagen depositions in renal vessels and IL-4/IFN-γ expression correlated with interstitial collagen depositions in the kidneys of dogs with canine leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:61-76. [PMID: 36889187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagen deposition is a common event in chronic inflammation, and canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) is generally associated with a long and chronic evolution. Considering that the kidney shows fibrinogenic changes during CanL, and the balance of cytokines/chemokines regulates the profibrinogenic and antifibrinogenic immune responses differently, it can be hypothesized that the balance of cytokines/chemokines can be differentially expressed in the renal tissue in order to determine the expression of collagen depositions in the kidneys. This study aimed to measure collagen deposition and to evaluate cytokine/chemokine expressions in the kidney by means of qRT-PCR in sixteen Leishmania-infected dogs and six uninfected controls. Kidney fragments were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Masson's Trichrome, Picrosirius Red, and Gomori's reticulin. Intertubular and adventitial collagen depositions were evaluated by the morphometric approach. Cytokine RNA expressions were measured by means of qRT-PCR to identify molecules involved in chronic collagen depositions in kidneys with CanL. Collagen depositions were related to the presence of clinical signs, and more intense intertubular collagen depositions occurred in infected dogs. Adventitial collagen deposition, as morphometrically measured by the average area of the collagen, was more intense in clinically affected dogs than in subclinically infected dogs. TNF-α/TGF-β, MCP1/IL-12, CCL5/IL-12, IL-4/IFN-γ, and IL-12/TGF-β expressions were associated with clinical manifestations in dogs with CanL. The IL-4/IFN-α ratio was more commonly expressed and upregulated in clinically affected dogs, and downregulated in subclinically infected dogs. Furthermore, MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 were more commonly expressed in subclinically infected dogs. Strong positive correlations were detected between morphometric values of interstitial collagen depositions and MCP-1/IL-12, IL-12, and IL-4 mRNA expression levels in the renal tissues. Adventitial collagen deposition was correlated with TGF-β, IL-4/IFN-γ, and TNF-α/TGF-β. In conclusion, our results showed the association of MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 ratios with an absence of clinical signs, as well as an IL-4/IFN-α ratio with adventitial and intertubular collagen depositions in dogs with visceral leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Laurice Araújo Verçosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano de F Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Parikh SV, Madhavan S, Shapiro J, Knight R, Rosenberg AZ, Parikh CR, Rovin B, Menez S. Characterization of Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Proteomes in a Case of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Attributed Acute Kidney Injury: A Clinical Pathologic Molecular Correlation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:402-410. [PMID: 36344211 PMCID: PMC10103356 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.09260822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The major goals of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMPP) are to establish a molecular atlas of the kidney in health and disease and improve our understanding of the molecular drivers of CKD and AKI. In this clinical-pathologic-molecular correlation, we describe the case of a 38-year-old woman without any history of CKD who underwent a research kidney biopsy in the setting of AKI suspected to be due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use after cesarean section delivery. The participant's histopathology was consistent with mild acute tubular injury, without significant interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy. This diagnosis was supported by analysis of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial proteomes. The proteomic interrogation revealed a molecular landscape that demonstrated differences in kidney prostaglandin synthesis that may be in response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and signs of intrarenal inflammation and fibrosis that were not evident by histopathology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir V. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sethu Madhavan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John Shapiro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Knight
- The American Association of Kidney Patients, Tampa, Florida
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brad Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven Menez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Anlotinib Alleviates Renal Fibrosis via Inhibition of the ERK and AKT Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1686804. [PMID: 36852327 PMCID: PMC9966823 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1686804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We examined whether anlotinib can attenuate folic acid-induced and unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis and explored the underlying antifibrotic mechanism. Materials and Methods We have evaluated the effects of anlotinib on folic acid-induced and unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis in mice through in vivo experiments of unilateral ureteral obstruction or folic acid-induced interstitial fibrosis and in vitro models of transforming growth factor-β1 induced HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells. Serum renal function parameters and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured, and histological changes of renal injury and fibrosis were analyzed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the mechanism of action of anlotinib in ameliorating renal fibrosis. Results Anlotinib improved proteinuria and reduced renal impairment in folic acid-induced mouse models of renal fibrosis. Anlotinib reduced tubular injury, deposition of tubular extracellular matrix, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, and cytosolic inflammatory factors compared with controls. Conclusions Anlotinib ameliorated renal function, improved extracellular matrix deposition, reduced protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and decreased cellular inflammatory factors. Anlotinib reduced renal injury and fibrosis by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β1 signaling pathway through AKT and ERK channels.
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Acidosis Activates the Nrf2 Pathway in Renal Proximal Tubule-Derived Cells through a Crosstalk with Renal Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020412. [PMID: 36829971 PMCID: PMC9952787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk of renal epithelial cells with interstitial fibroblasts plays an important role in kidney pathophysiology. A previous study showed that crosstalk between renal epithelial cells and renal fibroblasts protects against acidosis-induced damage. In order to gain further mechanistic insight into this crosstalk, we investigated the effect of acidosis on the transcriptome of renal epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) in co-culture by RNASeq, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Cells were exposed to acidic media or control media for 48 h. RNA and protein from whole cell lysate were isolated. In addition, cells were fractionated into cytosol, nucleus and chromatin. RNASeq data were analyzed for differential expression and pathway enrichment (ingenuity pathway analysis, IPA, QIAGEN). Total and phosphorylated protein expression was assessed by Western blot (WB). Transcription factor activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Bioinformatic analysis using differentially expressed genes according to RNASeq (7834 for NRK-52E and 3197 for NRK-49F) predicted the antioxidant and cell-protective Nrf2 pathway as acidosis-induced in NRK-52E and NRK-49F cells. Activation of Nrf2 comprises enhanced Nrf2 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, DNA binding and initiation of a cell protective transcriptional program. Our data show that acidosis enhances chromatin-associated Nrf2 expression and the abundance of phosphorylated Nrf2 in the chromatin fraction of NRK-52E cells in co-culture but not in monoculture. Furthermore, acidosis enhances the activity of a reporter for Nrf2 (ARE-luciferase). Despite the bioinformatics prediction, NRK-49F cells did not respond with Nrf2 activation. Transketolase (TKT) is an important regulator of antioxidant and homeostatic responses in the kidney and a canonical Nrf2 target gene. We show that protein and mRNA expression of TKT is increased in NRK-52E cells under co-culture but not under monoculture conditions. In conclusion, our data show that extracellular acidosis activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 in renal epithelial cells co-cultivated with renal fibroblasts, thereby enhancing the expression of cytoprotective TKT. This protective response is not observed in monoculture. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway represents a co-operative cellular strategy of protection against acidosis.
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Schoberleitner I, Faserl K, Sarg B, Egle D, Brunner C, Wolfram D. Quantitative Proteomic Characterization of Foreign Body Response towards Silicone Breast Implants Identifies Chronological Disease-Relevant Biomarker Dynamics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020305. [PMID: 36830674 PMCID: PMC9953687 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of exaggerated fibrous capsule formation around silicone mammary implants (SMI) is multifactorial but primarily induced by immune mechanisms towards the foreign material silicone. The aim of this work was to understand the disease progression from implant insertion and immediate tissue damage response reflected in (a) the acute wound proteome and (b) the adsorption of chronic inflammatory wound proteins at implant surfaces. An intraindividual relative quantitation TMT-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach was applied to the profile wound proteome formed around SMI in the first five days post-implantation. Compared to plasma, the acute wound profile resembled a more complex composition comprising plasma-derived and locally differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). DEPs were subjected to a functional enrichment analysis, which revealed the dysregulation of signaling pathways mainly involved in immediate inflammation response and ECM turnover. Moreover, we found time-course variations in protein enrichment immediately post-implantation, which were adsorbed to SMI surfaces after 6-8 months. Characterization of the expander-adhesive proteome by a label-free approach uncovered a long-term adsorbed acute wound and the fibrosis-associated proteome. Our findings propose a wound biomarker panel for the early detection and diagnosis of excessive fibrosis that could potentially broaden insights into the characteristics of fibrotic implant encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Schoberleitner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Sarg
- Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dolores Wolfram
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-82050
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85
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Peng Z, Wang H, Zheng J, Wang J, Xiang Y, Liu C, Ji M, Liu H, Pan L, Qin X, Qu X. Is the proximal tubule the focus of tubulointerstitial fibrosis? Heliyon 2023; 9:e13508. [PMID: 36846656 PMCID: PMC9950842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), a common end result of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKD), is also the best predictor of kidney survival. Almost all cells in the kidney are involved in the progression of TIF. Myofibroblasts, the primary producers of extracellular matrix, have previously received a great deal of attention; however, a large body of emerging evidence reveals that proximal tubule (PT) plays a central role in TIF progression. In response to injury, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) transform into inflammatory and fibroblastic cells, producing various bioactive molecules that drive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Here we reviewed the increasing evidence for the key role of the PT in promoting TIF in tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury and discussed the therapeutic targets and carrier systems involving the PT that holds particular promise for treating patients with fibrotic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaoyun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China,Corresponding author.
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86
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Rende U, Ahn SB, Adhikari S, Moh ESX, Pollock CA, Saad S, Guller A. Deciphering the Kidney Matrisome: Identification and Quantification of Renal Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Healthy Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032827. [PMID: 36769148 PMCID: PMC9917693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise characterization of a tissue's extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition (matrisome) is essential for biomedicine. However, ECM protein extraction that requires organ-specific optimization is still a major limiting factor in matrisome studies. In particular, the matrisome of mouse kidneys is still understudied, despite mouse models being crucial for renal research. Here, we comprehensively characterized the matrisome of kidneys in healthy C57BL/6 mice using two ECM extraction methods in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), protein identification, and label-free quantification (LFQ) using MaxQuant. We identified 113 matrisome proteins, including 22 proteins that have not been previously listed in the Matrisome Database. Depending on the extraction approach, the core matrisome (structural proteins) comprised 45% or 73% of kidney ECM proteins, and was dominated by glycoproteins, followed by collagens and proteoglycans. Among matrisome-associated proteins, ECM regulators had the highest LFQ intensities, followed by ECM-affiliated proteins and secreted factors. The identified kidney ECM proteins were primarily involved in cellular, developmental and metabolic processes, as well as in molecular binding and regulation of catalytic and structural molecules' activity. We also performed in silico comparative analysis of the kidney matrisome composition in humans and mice based on publicly available data. These results contribute to the first reference database for the mouse renal matrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Rende
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Edward S. X. Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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87
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Urinary Markers of Tubular Injury and Renal Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Different Phenotypes of Chronic Kidney Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020343. [PMID: 36836700 PMCID: PMC9961033 DOI: 10.3390/life13020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the urinary excretion of markers and mediators of tubular injury and renal fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-albuminuric and albuminuric patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). One hundred and forty patients with long-term T2D and different patterns of CKD and twenty non-diabetic individuals were included. Urinary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), glutathione-S-transferase α1 and π (GST-α1 and GST-π), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), type I and type IV collagen (Col1 and Col4), bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were assessed by ELISA. Patients with T2D demonstrated increased urinary excretion of RBP-4, GST-π, Col4, BMP-7, and HGF (all p < 0.05 vs. control). The excretion of RBP-4, GST-π, Col1, and Col4 was increased in patients with elevated albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR; all p < 0.05 vs. control), while BMP-7 and HGF were increased innormoalbuminuric patients also (p < 0.05). Urinary RBP-4, GST-α1, Col1, Col4, and HGF correlated positively with UACR; meanwhile, no correlations with glomerular filtration rate were found. The results demonstrate that elevated urinary excretions of the markers of tubular injury (RBP-4, GST-π) and renal fibrosis (Col1, Col4), as well as HGF, an antifibrotic regulator, are associated with the albuminuric pattern of CKD in subjects with T2D.
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88
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Ha S, Yang Y, Won Kim J, Son M, Kim D, Kim MJ, Im DS, Young Chung H, Chung KW. Diminished Tubule Epithelial Farnesoid X Receptor Expression Exacerbates Inflammation and Fibrosis Response in Aged Rat Kidney. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:60-68. [PMID: 35867996 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-associated functional decline of the kidney is accompanied by structural changes including glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Aging kidneys also exhibit increased vulnerability in stressful environmental conditions. In this study, we assessed the differences in responses between young and aged animals to folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis. To monitor the effects of aging on FA-induced kidney fibrosis, we administered FA (250 mg/kg) to young (6-month old) and aged (20-month old) rats. The development of severe fibrosis was only detected in aged rat kidneys, which was accompanied by increased kidney injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that FA-treated aged rats had significantly lower farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in the tubular epithelial cells than the rats not treated with FA. Interestingly, the extent of inflammation was severe in the kidneys of aged rat, where the FXR expression was low. To explore the role of FXR in kidney inflammation, in vitro studies were performed using NRK52E kidney tubule epithelial cells. NF-κB activation by lipopolysaccharide treatment induces chemokine production in NRK52E cells. The activation of FXR by obeticholic acid significantly reduced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and chemokine production. In contrast, FXR knockdown increased LPS-induced chemokine production in NRK52E cells. Finally, FXR-knockout mice that were administered FA showed increased inflammation and severe fibrosis. In summary, we demonstrated that diminished FXR expression in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules exacerbated the fibrotic response in aged rat kidneys by upregulating pro-inflammatory NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeong Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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89
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Wen Y, Zhang X, Wei L, Wu M, Cheng Y, Zheng H, Shen A, Fu C, Ali F, Long L, Lu Y, Li J, Peng J. Gastrodin attenuates renal injury and collagen deposition via suppression of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082281. [PMID: 36733505 PMCID: PMC9887022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrodin has been widely used clinically in China as an antihypertensive drug. However, its effect on hypertensive renal injury is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of gastrodin on hypertensive renal injury and its underlying mechanisms by network pharmacology analysis and validation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: A total of 10 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly categorized into the following two groups: SHR and SHR + Gastrodin groups. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as the control group (n = 5). The SHR + Gastrodin group was intragastrically administered gastrodin (3.5 mg/kg/day), and the rats in both WKY and SHR groups were intragastrically administered an equal amount of double-distilled water for 10 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining were used to detect the pathological changes and collagen content in the renal tissues. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to explore its potential targets and related pathways. In vitro, the CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cell viability. Immunohistochemistry and western-blotting analyses were employed to assess the protein expression associated with renal fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway-related proteins in the renal tissues or in TGF-β1-stimulated rat kidney fibroblast cell lines (NRK-49F). Results: Gastrodin treatment attenuates renal injury and pathological alterations in SHRs, including glomerular sclerosis and atrophy, epithelial cell atrophy, and tubular dilation. Gastrodin also reduced the accumulation of collagen in the renal tissues of SHRs, which were confirmed by downregulation of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III protein expression. Network pharmacology analysis identified TGFB1 and SMAD2 as two of lead candidate targets of gastrodin on against hypertensive renal injury. Consistently, gastrodin treatment downregulated the increase of the protein expression of TGF-β1, and ratios of both p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Samd3/Smad3 in renal tissues of SHRs. In vitro, gastrodin (25-100 μM) treatment significantly reversed the upregulation of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, as well as p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expressions without affecting the cell viability of TGF-β1 stimulated NRK-49F cells. Conclusion: Gastrodin treatment significantly attenuates hypertensive renal injury and renal fibrosis and suppresses TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linzi Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
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90
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Tsai YC, Kuo MC, Hung WW, Wu PH, Chang WA, Wu LY, Lee SC, Hsu YL. Proximal tubule-derived exosomes contribute to mesangial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy via miR-92a-1-5p transfer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:10. [PMID: 36639674 PMCID: PMC9838003 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an increasing threat to human health and regarded to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Exosomes delivery may play a key role in cross-talk among kidney cells and the progression of DN. However, the mechanisms underlying exosomes in DN remain unclear. METHODS The cross-disciplinary study, including in vivo, in vitro, and human studies was conducted to explore the cross-talk between proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) and mesangial cells (MCs) in DN. We purified exosome from PTECs treated with high glucose and db/db mice and assessed their influences in the pathologic change of MCs and downstream signal pathway. Healthy individuals and type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled to examine the role of exosomes in clinical applications. RESULTS High glucose stimulated PTECs to secrete exosomal miR-92a-1-5p, which was taken-up by glomerular MCs, inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation (MFT) in vitro and in vivo. PTEC-released exosomal 92a-1-5p decreased reticulocalbin-3 expression, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by downregulating genes essential for ER homeostasis including calreticulin and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor. Treatment with miR-92a-1-5p inhibitor ameliorated kidney damage in db/db mice with DN. Urinary miR-92a-1-5p could predict kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS PTEC-derived exosomal miR-92a-1-5p modulated the kidney microenvironment in vivo and in vitro models, which altered ER stress and MFT in MCs resulting in DN progression. Further blocking miR-92a-1-5p epigenetic regulatory network could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of DN. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Tsai
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 TzYou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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91
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Wang F, Stappenbeck F, Parhami F. Oxy210, a Semi-Synthetic Oxysterol, Inhibits Profibrotic Signaling in Cellular Models of Lung and Kidney Fibrosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:114. [PMID: 36678611 PMCID: PMC9862207 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxy210, a semi-synthetic oxysterol derivative, displays cell-selective inhibition of Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages as well as antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in models of liver fibrosis. In the present report, we examine the effects of Oxy210 in cellular models of lung and kidney fibrosis, such as human lung fibroblast cell lines IMR-90, derived from healthy lung tissue, and LL97A, derived from an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patient. In addition, we examine the effects of Oxy210 in primary human renal fibroblasts, pericytes, mesangial cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells, known for their involvement in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney fibrosis. We demonstrate in fibroblasts that the expression of several profibrotic TGF-β target genes, including fibronectin (FN), collagen 1A1 (COL1A1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are inhibited by Oxy210, both at the basal level and following TGF-β stimulation in a statistically significant manner. The inhibition of COL1A1 gene expression translated directly to significantly reduced COL1A1 protein expression. In human primary small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) and renal tubular epithelial cells, Oxy210 significantly inhibited TGF-β target gene expression associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oxy210 also inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts, pericytes, and mesangial cells in a dose-dependent and statistically significant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farhad Parhami
- MAX BioPharma, Inc., 2870 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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92
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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93
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Wang D, Sant S, Lawless C, Ferrell N. A kidney proximal tubule model to evaluate effects of basement membrane stiffening on renal tubular epithelial cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:171-183. [PMID: 36573280 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The kidney tubule consists of a single layer of epithelial cells supported by the tubular basement membrane (TBM), a thin layer of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanical properties of the ECM are important for regulating a wide range of cell functions including proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. Increased ECM stiffness plays a role in promoting multiple pathological conditions including cancer, fibrosis and heart disease. How changes in TBM mechanics regulate tubular epithelial cell behavior is not fully understood. Here we introduce a cell culture system that utilizes in vivo-derived TBM to investigate cell-matrix interactions in kidney proximal tubule cells. Basement membrane mechanics was controlled using genipin, a biocompatibility crosslinker. Genipin modification resulted in a dose-dependent increase in matrix stiffness. Crosslinking had a marginal but statistically significant impact on the diffusive molecular transport properties of the TBM, likely due to a reduction in pore size. Both native and genipin-modified TBM substrates supported tubular epithelial cell growth. Cells were able to attach and proliferate to form confluent monolayers. Tubular epithelial cells polarized and assembled organized cell-cell junctions. Genipin modification had minimal impact on cell viability and proliferation. Genipin stiffened TBM increased gene expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines and altered gene expression for N-cadherin, a proximal tubular epithelial specific cell-cell junction marker. This work introduces a new cell culture model for cell-basement membrane mechanobiology studies that utilizes in vivo-derived basement membrane. We also demonstrate that TBM stiffening affects tubular epithelial cell function through altered gene expression of cell-specific differentiation markers and induced increased expression of pro-fibrotic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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94
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Gerrits T, Brouwer IJ, Dijkstra KL, Wolterbeek R, Bruijn JA, Scharpfenecker M, Baelde HJ. Endoglin Is an Important Mediator in the Final Common Pathway of Chronic Kidney Disease to End-Stage Renal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010646. [PMID: 36614087 PMCID: PMC9820946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slow-developing, progressive deterioration of renal function. The final common pathway in the pathophysiology of CKD involves glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulates the differentiation of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and thereby interstitial fibrosis. It has been shown that endoglin (ENG, CD105), primarily expressed in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, can function as a co-receptor of TGF signaling. In several human organs, endoglin tends to be upregulated when chronic damage and fibrosis is present. We hypothesize that endoglin is upregulated in renal interstitial fibrosis and plays a role in the progression of CKD. We first measured renal endoglin expression in biopsy samples obtained from patients with different types of CKD, i.e., IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). We showed that endoglin is upregulated in CAD patients (p < 0.001) and patients with DN (p < 0.05), compared to control kidneys. Furthermore, the amount of interstitial endoglin expression correlated with eGFR (p < 0.001) and the amount of interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.001), independent of the diagnosis of the biopsies. Finally, we investigated in vitro the effect of endoglin overexpression in TGF-β stimulated human kidney fibroblasts. Overexpression of endoglin resulted in an enhanced ACTA2, CCN2 and SERPINE1 mRNA response (p < 0.05). It also increased the mRNA and protein upregulation of the ECM components collagen type I (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN1) (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that endoglin is an important mediator in the final common pathway of CKD and could be used as a possible new therapeutic target to counteract the progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gerrits
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella J. Brouwer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra L. Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wolterbeek
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)-71-526-4788
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95
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Gaudji GR, Bida M, Conradie M, Damane BP, Bester MJ. Renal Papillary Necrosis (RPN) in an African Population: Disease Patterns, Relevant Pathways, and Management. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010093. [PMID: 36672600 PMCID: PMC9855351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) is characterized by coagulative necrosis of the renal medullary pyramids and papillae. Multiple conditions and toxins are associated with RPN. Several RPN risk factors, or POSTCARDS, have been identified, with most patients presenting with RPN having at least two contributing risk factors. Currently, there is no specific test to diagnose and confirm RPN; however, several imaging tools can be used to diagnose the condition. RPN is currently underdiagnosed in African populations, often with fatal outcomes. In African clinical settings, there is a lack of consensus on how to define and describe RPN in terms of kidney anatomy, pathology, endourology, epidemiology, the identification of African-specific risk factors, the contribution of oxidative stress, and lastly an algorithm for managing the condition. Several risk factors are unique to African populations including population-specific genetic factors, iatrogenic factors, viral infections, antimicrobial therapy, schistosomiasis, substance abuse, and hypertension (GIVASSH). Oxidative stress is central to both GIVASSH and POSTCARDS-associated risk factors. In this review, we present information specific to African populations that can be used to establish an updated consensual definition and practical grading system for radiologists, urologists, nephrologists, nuclear physicians, and pathologists in African clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Roger Gaudji
- Department of Urology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
- Correspondence: (G.R.G.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Meshack Bida
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| | - Marius Conradie
- Urology Practice, Netcare Waterfall City Hospital, Cnr Magwa Avenue and Mac Mac Road, Johannesburg 1682, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
- Correspondence: (G.R.G.); (M.J.B.)
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96
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Morevati M, Fang EF, Mace ML, Kanbay M, Gravesen E, Nordholm A, Egstrand S, Hornum M. Roles of NAD + in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010137. [PMID: 36613582 PMCID: PMC9820289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form, NAD+) is a critical coenzyme, with functions ranging from redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation to being a central player in multiple cellular signaling pathways, organ resilience, health, and longevity. Many of its cellular functions are executed via serving as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38. Kidney damage and diseases are common in the general population, especially in elderly persons and diabetic patients. While NAD+ is reduced in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), mounting evidence indicates that NAD+ augmentation is beneficial to AKI, although conflicting results exist for cases of CKD. Here, we review recent progress in the field of NAD+, mainly focusing on compromised NAD+ levels in AKI and its effect on essential cellular pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised autophagy, and low expression of the aging biomarker αKlotho (Klotho) in the kidney. We also review the compromised NAD+ levels in renal fibrosis and senescence cells in the case of CKD. As there is an urgent need for more effective treatments for patients with injured kidneys, further studies on NAD+ in relation to AKI/CKD may shed light on novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Morevati
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria L. Mace
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nordholm
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Egstrand
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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97
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Lacueva-Aparicio A, Lindoso RS, Mihăilă SM, Giménez I. Role of extracellular matrix components and structure in new renal models in vitro. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1048738. [PMID: 36569770 PMCID: PMC9767975 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex set of fibrillar proteins and proteoglycans, supports the renal parenchyma and provides biomechanical and biochemical cues critical for spatial-temporal patterning of cell development and acquisition of specialized functions. As in vitro models progress towards biomimicry, more attention is paid to reproducing ECM-mediated stimuli. ECM's role in in vitro models of renal function and disease used to investigate kidney injury and regeneration is discussed. Availability, affordability, and lot-to-lot consistency are the main factors determining the selection of materials to recreate ECM in vitro. While simpler components can be synthesized in vitro, others must be isolated from animal or human tissues, either as single isolated components or as complex mixtures, such as Matrigel or decellularized formulations. Synthetic polymeric materials with dynamic and instructive capacities are also being explored for cell mechanical support to overcome the issues with natural products. ECM components can be used as simple 2D coatings or complex 3D scaffolds combining natural and synthetic materials. The goal is to recreate the biochemical signals provided by glycosaminoglycans and other signaling molecules, together with the stiffness, elasticity, segmentation, and dimensionality of the original kidney tissue, to support the specialized functions of glomerular, tubular, and vascular compartments. ECM mimicking also plays a central role in recent developments aiming to reproduce renal tissue in vitro or even in therapeutical strategies to regenerate renal function. Bioprinting of renal tubules, recellularization of kidney ECM scaffolds, and development of kidney organoids are examples. Future solutions will probably combine these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alodia Lacueva-Aparicio
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon’s Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain,Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME Lab), I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia M. Mihăilă
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Giménez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon’s Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain,Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain,School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,*Correspondence: Ignacio Giménez,
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98
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Kaneko S, Yanai K, Ishii H, Aomatsu A, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. miR-122-5p Regulates Renal Fibrosis In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315423. [PMID: 36499744 PMCID: PMC9736395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in renal fibrosis is poorly understood. Here, the effect of exogenous miRNAs on renal fibrosis was investigated using a renal fibrosis mouse model generated by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). miRNA microarray analysis and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that miR-122-5p was the most downregulated (0.28-fold) miRNA in the kidneys of UUO mice. The injection of an miR-122-5p mimic promoted renal fibrosis and upregulated COL1A2 and FN1, whereas an miR-122-5p inhibitor suppressed renal fibrosis and downregulated COL1A2 and FN1. The expression levels of fibrosis-related mRNAs, which were predicted targets of miR-122-5p, were evaluated. The expression level of TGFBR2, a pro-fibrotic mRNA, was upregulated by the miR-122-5p mimic, and the expression level of FOXO3, an anti-fibrotic mRNA, was upregulated by the miR-122-5p inhibitor. The protein expressions of TGFBR2 and FOXO3 were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression levels of LC3, downstream anti-fibrotic mRNAs of FOXO3, were upregulated by the miR-122-5p inhibitor. These results suggest that miR-122-5p has critical roles in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kaneko
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Akinori Aomatsu
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Correspondence:
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99
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Wang H, Jiang Q, Zhang L. Baicalin protects against renal interstitial fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1407-1416. [PMID: 35938471 PMCID: PMC9361769 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2097700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Baicalin, a flavonoid extracted from radix scutellariae, possesses various pharmacological effects, including protective effects on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF), but its possible role and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study explores the protective effects and mechanisms of baicalin on RIF. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were divided into six groups: sham, model, low baicalin, middle baicalin, high baicalin and positive drug groups. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of RIF was constructed and treated with baicalin doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and a positive control drug (valsartan, 8 mg/kg). H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in renal tissues, Masson staining was performed to evaluate collagen deposition in renal tissues, and immunohistochemical examination was adopted to determine α-SMA and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression. Primary mouse fibroblasts were isolated, extracted and treated with baicalin and/or TGF-β. qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to detect the inflammatory responses. Moreover, ECM and TGF-β/Smad expression levels were evaluated by western blot assay. RESULTS Baicalin ameliorated RIF in UUO mice by inhibiting fibrosis and inflammatory responses. The TGF-β/Smad pathway was significantly suppressed in the UUO mouse model. Additionally, baicalin significantly inhibited ECM expression and inflammatory factors in fibroblasts treated with TGF-β. TGF-β/Smad pathway activation was significantly decreased in fibroblasts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of baicalin as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of RIF by possibly inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingtao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Department of Nanxin Pharm, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Lizhu Zhang Department of Nanxin Pharm, No. 9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu210000, China
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100
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Kim KP, Williams CE, Lemmon CA. Cell-Matrix Interactions in Renal Fibrosis. KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS 2022; 2:607-624. [PMID: 37033194 PMCID: PMC10081509 DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of end-stage chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which disrupts cellular organization and function within the kidney. Here, we review the bi-directional interactions between cells and the ECM that drive renal fibrosis. We will discuss the cells involved in renal fibrosis, changes that occur in the ECM, the interactions between renal cells and the surrounding fibrotic microenvironment, and signal transduction pathways that are misregulated as fibrosis proceeds. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell-ECM crosstalk will identify novel targets to better identify and treat renal fibrosis and associated renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin P. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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