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Keswani T, Obeidallah A, Nieves E, Sidoli S, Fazzari M, Taylor T, Seydel K, Daily JP. Pipecolic Acid, a Putative Mediator of the Encephalopathy of Cerebral Malaria and the Experimental Model of Cerebral Malaria. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:705-714. [PMID: 34932816 PMCID: PMC8844588 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored a metabolic etiology of cerebral malaria (CM) coma. METHODS Plasma metabolites were compared between Malawian children with CM and mild Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A candidate molecule was further studied in animal models of malaria. RESULTS Clinically abnormal concentrations of pipecolic acid (PA) were present in CM plasma, and nearly normal in mild malaria samples. PA is renally cleared and the elevated PA blood levels were associated with renal insufficiency, which was present only in CM subjects. Prior studies demonstrate that PA has neuromodulatory effects and is generated by malaria parasites. PA brain levels in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected animals in the experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model inversely correlated with normal behavior and correlated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Mice infected with malaria species that do not induce neurological abnormalities or manifest BBB permeability had elevated plasma PA levels similar to ECM plasma at 7 days postinfection; however, they had low PA levels in the brain compared to ECM mice brains at 7 days postinfection. CONCLUSIONS Our model suggests that malaria-generated PA induces coma in CM and in ECM. The role of BBB permeability and the mechanisms of PA neuromodulation in CM will require additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Keswani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aisha Obeidallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Edward Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Fazzari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Terrie Taylor
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Karl Seydel
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Johanna P Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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A simple quinoline salt derivative is active in vitro against plasmodium Faciparum asexual blood stages and inhibits the development of cerebral malaria in murine model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 355:109848. [PMID: 35149084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) was the most effective and widely used drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of severe and non-severe malaria. Although its prophylactic use has led to resistance to P. falciparum in all endemic countries, CQ still remains the drug of choice for the treatment of vivax malaria. Otherwise, the speed in which parasite resistance to available antimalarials rises and spreads in endemic regions points to the urgent need for the development of new antimalarials. Quinoline derivatives have been used as a tool in the search for new drugs and were investigated in the present study in an attempt to produce a HIT compound to avoid the cerebral malarial (CM). Seven compounds were synthesized, including three quinoline derivate salts. The cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activity were assayed in vitro, highlighting compound 3 as a HIT, which also showed interaction with ferriprotoporphyrin IX similarly to CQ. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of absorption were found to be favorable when analyzed in silico. The in vivo assays, using the experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model, showed important values of parasite growth inhibition on the 7th day-post infection (Q15 15 mg/kg: 76.9%, Q30 30 mg/kg: 90,1% and Q50 50 mg/kg: 92,9%). Compound 3 also showed significant protection against the development of CM, besides hepatic and renal parameters better than CQ. In conclusion, this quinoline derivative demonstrated promising activity for the treatment of malaria and was able to avoid the development of severe malaria in mice.
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53
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Georgiadou A, Dunican C, Soro-Barrio P, Lee HJ, Kaforou M, Cunnington AJ. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals translationally relevant processes in mouse models of malaria. eLife 2022; 11:e70763. [PMID: 35006075 PMCID: PMC8747512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent initiatives to improve translation of findings from animal models to human disease have focussed on reproducibility but quantifying the relevance of animal models remains a challenge. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics of blood to evaluate the systemic host response and its concordance between humans with different clinical manifestations of malaria and five commonly used mouse models. Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection of mice most closely reproduces the profile of gene expression changes seen in the major human severe malaria syndromes, accompanied by high parasite biomass, severe anemia, hyperlactatemia, and cerebral microvascular pathology. However, there is also considerable discordance of changes in gene expression between the different host species and across all models, indicating that the relevance of biological mechanisms of interest in each model should be assessed before conducting experiments. These data will aid the selection of appropriate models for translational malaria research, and the approach is generalizable to other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Georgiadou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Dunican
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pablo Soro-Barrio
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aubrey J Cunnington
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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54
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Leesombun A, Nihei CI, Kondoh D, Nishikawa Y. Polyether ionophore kijimicin inhibits growth of Toxoplasma gondii and controls acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:413-422. [PMID: 34750652 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural polyether ionophore antibiotics may be important chemotherapeutic agents. Among them, kijimicin represents an important type of ionophore compound because it inhibits Eimeria tenella and human immunodeficiency virus. The ionophore monensin displays potent activities against several coccidian parasites including the opportunistic pathogen of humans, Toxoplasma gondii. At first, we evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma activity of kijimicin, monensin as a reference control, and anti-Toxoplasma drugs such as clindamycin, in vitro. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the anti-Toxoplasma activities of kijimicin, monensin, and clindamycin were 45.6 ± 2.4 nM, 1.3 ± 1.8 nM, and 238.5 ± 1.8 nM, respectively. Morphological analyses by electron microscopy revealed cellular swelling and multiple intracellular vacuole-like structures in the T. gondii tachyzoites after treatment with kijimicin and monensin. Kijimicin and monensin also inhibited the invasion of extracellular parasites (IC50 = 216.6 ± 1.9 pM and 531.1 ± 1.9 pM, respectively). Importantly, kijimicin treatment resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species in T. gondii as monensin did. Furthermore, mice treated with kijimicin at 10 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day showed 91.7% and 66.7% survival rates, respectively, 30 days after infection with T. gondii. The control mice all died within 18 days of infection. The present study shows that kijimicin inhibits T. gondii growth and changes the ultrastruct of the parasites. This finding may lead to validation of kijimicin as new drug to control T. gondii growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, 73170, Phutthamonthon Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Coh-Ichi Nihei
- The Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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55
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Scheunemann JF, Reichwald JJ, Korir PJ, Kuehlwein JM, Jenster LM, Hammerschmidt-Kamper C, Lewis MD, Klocke K, Borsche M, Schwendt KE, Soun C, Thiebes S, Limmer A, Engel DR, Mueller AK, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP, Schumak B. Eosinophils Suppress the Migration of T Cells Into the Brain of Plasmodium berghei-Infected Ifnar1-/- Mice and Protect Them From Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711876. [PMID: 34659202 PMCID: PMC8514736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a potentially lethal disease, which is caused by excessive inflammatory responses to Plasmodium parasites. Here we use a newly developed transgenic Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbAAma1OVA) parasite that can be used to study parasite-specific T cell responses. Our present study demonstrates that Ifnar1-/- mice, which lack type I interferon receptor-dependent signaling, are protected from experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) when infected with this novel parasite. Although CD8+ T cell responses generated in the spleen are essential for the development of ECM, we measured comparable parasite-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in ECM-protected Ifnar1-/- mice and wild type mice suffering from ECM. Importantly, CD8+ T cells were increased in the spleens of ECM-protected Ifnar1-/- mice and the blood-brain-barrier remained intact. This was associated with elevated splenic levels of CCL5, a T cell and eosinophil chemotactic chemokine, which was mainly produced by eosinophils, and an increase in eosinophil numbers. Depletion of eosinophils enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration into the brain and increased ECM induction in PbAAma1OVA-infected Ifnar1-/- mice. However, eosinophil-depletion did not reduce the CD8+ T cell population in the spleen or reduce splenic CCL5 concentrations. Our study demonstrates that eosinophils impact CD8+ T cell migration and proliferation during PbAAma1OVA-infection in Ifnar1-/- mice and thereby are contributing to the protection from ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Scheunemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia J Reichwald
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patricia Jebett Korir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina M Kuehlwein
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Jenster
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Matthew D Lewis
- Parasitology Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Klocke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim E Schwendt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Camille Soun
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Limmer
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- Parasitology Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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56
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Temporão A, Sanches-Vaz M, Luís R, Nunes-Cabaço H, Smith TK, Prudêncio M, Figueiredo LM. Excreted Trypanosoma brucei proteins inhibit Plasmodium hepatic infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009912. [PMID: 34714824 PMCID: PMC8580256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains a major threat to public health globally. It is the most common disease in patients with sleeping sickness, another parasitic illness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei. We have previously shown that a T. brucei infection impairs a secondary P. berghei liver infection and decreases malaria severity in mice. However, whether this effect requires an active trypanosome infection remained unknown. Here, we show that Plasmodium liver infection can also be inhibited by the serum of a mouse previously infected by T. brucei and by total protein lysates of this kinetoplastid. Biochemical characterisation showed that the anti-Plasmodium activity of the total T. brucei lysates depends on its protein fraction, but is independent of the abundant variant surface glycoprotein. Finally, we found that the protein(s) responsible for the inhibition of Plasmodium infection is/are present within a fraction of ~350 proteins that are excreted to the bloodstream of the host. We conclude that the defence mechanism developed by trypanosomes against Plasmodium relies on protein excretion. This study opens the door to the identification of novel antiplasmodial intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Temporão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Sanches-Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Terry K. Smith
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, The North Haugh, The University, St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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57
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Duan H, Zhao S, Xiang J, Ju C, Chen X, Gramaglia I, Yan X. Targeting the CD146/Galectin-9 axis protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in experimental cerebral malaria. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2443-2454. [PMID: 33203936 PMCID: PMC8484550 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a life-threatening diffuse encephalopathy caused by Plasmodium falciparum, in which the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main cause of death. However, increasing evidence has shown that antimalarial drugs, the current treatment for CM, do little to protect against CM-induced BBB damage. Therefore, a means to alleviate BBB dysfunction would be a promising adjuvant therapy for CM. The adhesion molecule CD146 has been reported to be expressed in both endothelial cells and proinflammatory immune cells and mediates neuroinflammation. Here, we demonstrate that CD146 expressed on BBB endothelial cells but not immune cells is a novel therapeutic target in a mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria (eCM). Endothelial CD146 is upregulated during eCM development and facilitates the sequestration of infected red blood cells (RBCs) and/or proinflammatory lymphocytes in CNS blood vessels, thereby promoting the disruption of BBB integrity. Mechanistic studies showed that the interaction of CD146 and Galectin-9 contributes to the aggregation of infected RBCs and lymphocytes. Deletion of endothelial CD146 or treatment with the anti-CD146 antibody AA98 prevents severe signs of eCM, such as limb paralysis, brain vascular leakage, and death. In addition, AA98 combined with the antiparasitic drug artemether improved the cognition and memory of mice with eCM. Taken together, our findings suggest that endothelial CD146 is a novel and promising target in combination with antiparasitic drugs for future CM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianquan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenhui Ju
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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58
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Gitonga F, Biwott K, Gitau GW, Wafula OP, Amwayi P, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates potassium cyanide-induced toxicosis in a mouse model. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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59
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Perillyl alcohol reduces parasite sequestration and cerebrovascular dysfunction during experimental cerebral malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00004-21. [PMID: 33649109 PMCID: PMC8092904 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00004-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe immunovasculopathy which presents high mortality rate (15-20%), despite the availability of artemisinin-based therapy. More effective immunomodulatory and/or antiparasitic therapies are urgently needed. Experimental Cerebral Malaria (ECM) in mice is used to elucidate aspects involved in this pathology since manifests many of the neurological features of CM. In the present study, we evaluated the potential mechanisms involved in the protection afforded by perillyl alcohol (POH) in mouse strains susceptible to CM caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection through intranasal preventive treatment. Additionally, to evaluate the interaction of POH with the cerebral endothelium using an in vitro model of human brain endothelial cells (HBEC). Pharmacokinetic approaches demonstrated constant and prolonged levels of POH in the plasma and brain after a single intranasal dose. Treatment with POH effectively prevented vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, treatment with POH reduced the endothelial cell permeability and PbA s in the brain and spleen. Finally, POH treatment decreased the accumulation of macrophages and T and B cells in the spleen and downregulated the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD36) in the brain. POH is a potent monoterpene that prevents cerebrovascular dysfunction in vivo and in vitro, decreases parasite sequestration, and modulates different processes related to the activation, permeability, and integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), thereby preventing cerebral oedema and inflammatory infiltrates.
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60
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BCG Provides Short-Term Protection from Experimental Cerebral Malaria in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040745. [PMID: 33316929 PMCID: PMC7768457 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that the tuberculosis vaccine BCG offers protection against unrelated pathogens including the malaria parasite. Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe complication associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans and is responsible for most of the fatalities attributed to malaria. We investigated whether BCG protected C57BL/6 mice from P. berghei ANKA (PbA)-induced experimental CM (ECM). The majority of PbA-infected mice that were immunized with BCG showed prolonged survival without developing clinical symptoms of ECM. However, this protective effect waned over time and was associated with the recovery of viable BCG from liver and spleen. Intriguingly, BCG-mediated protection from ECM was not associated with a reduction in parasite burden, indicating that BCG immunization did not improve anti-parasite effector mechanisms. Instead, we found a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators and CD8+ T cells in brains of BCG-vaccinated mice. Together these data suggest that brain recruitment of immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of ECM decreased after BCG vaccination. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of BCG on PbA-induced ECM can provide a rationale for developing effective adjunctive therapies to reduce the risk of death and brain damage in CM.
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61
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Leesombun A, Iijima M, Umeda K, Kondoh D, Pagmadulam B, Abdou AM, Suzuki Y, Ohba SI, Isshiki K, Kimura T, Kubota Y, Sawa R, Nihei CI, Nishikawa Y. Metacytofilin Is a Potent Therapeutic Drug Candidate for Toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:766-774. [PMID: 31573038 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important cause of miscarriage or adverse fetal effects, including neurological and ocular manifestations in humans. Current anti-Toxoplasma drugs have limited efficacy against toxoplasmosis and also have severe side effects. Therefore, novel efficacious drugs are urgently needed. Here, we identified metacytofilin (MCF) from a fungal Metarhizium species as a potential anti-Toxoplasma compound. METHODS Anti-Toxoplasma activities of MCF and its derivatives were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using nonpregnant and pregnant mice. To understand the mode of action of MCF, the RNA expression of host and parasite genes was investigated by RNAseq. RESULTS In vitro, MCF inhibited the viability of intracellular and extracellular T. gondii. Administering MCF intraperitoneally or orally to mice after infection with T. gondii tachyzoites increased mouse survival compared with the untreated animals. Remarkably, oral administration of MCF to pregnant mice prevented vertical transmission of the parasite. Interestingly, RNA sequencing of T. gondii-infected cells treated with MCF showed that MCF inhibited DNA replication and enhanced RNA degradation in the parasites. CONCLUSIONS With its potent anti-T. gondii activity, MCF is a strong candidate for future drug development against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | | | - Kousuke Umeda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Baldorj Pagmadulam
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ahmed M Abdou
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Egypt
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Isshiki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Coh-Ichi Nihei
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ataide BJDA, Kauffmann N, Mendes NDSF, Torres MLM, Dos Anjos LM, Passos ADCF, de Moraes SAS, Batista EDJO, Herculano AM, Oliveira KRHM. Melatonin Prevents Brain Damage and Neurocognitive Impairment Induced by Plasmodium Berghei ANKA Infection in Murine Model of Cerebral Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:541624. [PMID: 33102250 PMCID: PMC7554304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.541624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is characterized by permanent cognitive impairments in Plasmodium-infected children. Antimalarial therapies show little effectiveness to avoid neurological deficits and brain tissue alterations elicited by severe malaria. Melatonin is a well-recognized endogenous hormone involved in the control of brain functions and maintenance of blood–brain barrier integrity. The current study has evaluated the effect of melatonin on the histological alterations, blood–brain barrier leakage, and neurocognitive impairments in mice developing cerebral malaria. Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain was used as cerebral malaria model. Melatonin treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg) was performed for four consecutive days after the infection, and data have shown an increased survival rate in infected mice treated with melatonin. It was also observed that melatonin treatment blocked brain edema and prevented the breakdown of blood–brain barrier induced by the Plasmodium infection. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that melatonin mitigates the histological alterations in Plasmodium-infected animals. Melatonin was also able to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in infected mice. Taken together, these results show for the first time that melatonin treatment prevents histological brain damages and neurocognitive alterations induced by cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayara Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie Lujan Marques Torres
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Protozoology, Topical Medicine Nucleus, UFPa, Belém, Brazil
| | - Larissa Medeiros Dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Biological Science Institute, UFPa, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratory of Protozoology, Topical Medicine Nucleus, UFPa, Belém, Brazil
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63
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Jiang X, Chen L, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Weng X, Guo Y, Li K, Yang T, Qu S, Liu H, Li Y, Zhu X. Synergistic Effect of Combined Artesunate and Tetramethylpyrazine in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2400-2409. [PMID: 32786270 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous artesunate is effective against cerebral malaria (CM), but high mortality and neurological sequelae in survivors are inevitable. We investigated the effect of combined artesunate and tetramethylpyrazine using mouse models of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Artesunate + tetramethylpyrazine reduced microvascular blockage and improved neurological function, including the rapid murine coma and behavior scale (RMCBS), leading to improved survival and reduced pathology in ECM. This combination downregulated the expression of adhesion molecules and sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs), increased cerebral blood flow, nerve growth factor (b-NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and neurotrophin (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophic factor-3 (NT-3)) levels, and alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage and astrocyte activation. Down- (n = 128) and upregulated (n = 64) proteins were identified in the artesunate group, while up- (n = 217) and downregulated (n = 177) proteins were identified in the artesunate + tetramethylpyrazine group, presenting a significantly altered proteome profile. KEGG analysis showed that 166 differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the Art group and 234, in the artesunate + tetramethylpyrazine group. The neuroprotective effects of artesunate + tetramethylpyrazine were mainly related to proteins involved in axon development and transportation between blood and brain. These results suggested that artesunate + tetramethylpyrazine could be a potential adjuvant therapy against CM, but this will have to be confirmed in future studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Kai Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuiqing Qu
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
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64
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Kraisin S, Martinod K, Desender L, Pareyn I, Verhenne S, Deckmyn H, Vanhoorelbeke K, Van den Steen PE, De Meyer SF. von Willebrand factor increases in experimental cerebral malaria but is not essential for late-stage pathogenesis in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2377-2390. [PMID: 32485089 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe complication of malaria. Endothelial activation, cytokine release, and vascular obstruction are essential hallmarks of CM. Clinical studies have suggested a link between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and malaria pathology. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of VWF in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). METHODS Both Vwf+/+ and Vwf-/- mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) to induce ECM. Alterations of plasma VWF and ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), platelet count, neurological features, and accumulation of platelets and leukocytes in the brain were examined following infection. RESULTS Plasma VWF levels significantly increased upon PbANKA infection in Vwf+/+ animals. While ADAMTS13 activity was not affected, high molecular weight VWF multimers disappeared at the end-stage ECM, possibly due to an ongoing hypercoagulability. Although the number of reticulocytes, a preferential target for the parasites, was increased in Vwf-/- mice compared to Vwf+/+ mice early after infection, parasitemia levels did not markedly differ between the two groups. Interestingly, Vwf-/- mice manifested overall clinical ECM features similar to those observed in Vwf+/+ animals. At day 8.5 post-infection, however, clinical ECM features in Vwf-/- mice were slightly more beneficial than in Vwf+/+ animals. Despite these minor differences, overall survival was not different between Vwf-/- and Vwf+/+ mice. Similarly, PbANKA-induced thrombocytopenia, leukocyte, and platelet accumulations in the brain were not altered by the absence of VWF. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that increased VWF concentration is a hallmark of ECM. However, VWF does not have a major influence in modulating late-stage ECM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirima Kraisin
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linda Desender
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Inge Pareyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Verhenne
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. Aberrant Dopamine Receptor Signaling Plays Critical Role in the Impairment of Striatal Neurons in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5069-5083. [PMID: 32833186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One-fourth survivors of cerebral malaria (CM) retain long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Structural abnormalities in striatum are reported in 80% of children with CM. Dopamine receptors (D1 and D2) are widely expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that regulate critical physiological functions related to behavior and cognition. Dysregulation of dopamine receptors alters the expression of downstream proteins such as dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), and p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). However, the role of dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction on the outcome of striatal neuron degeneration is unknown underlying the pathophysiology of CM. Using experimental CM (ECM), the present study attempted to understand the role of aberrant dopamine receptor signaling and its possible relation in causing MSNs morphological impairment. The effect of antimalarial drug artemether (ARM) rescue therapy was also assessed after ECM on the outcome of dopamine receptors downstream signaling. ECM was induced in C57BL/6 mice (male and female) infecting with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) parasite that reiterates the clinical setting of CM. We demonstrated that ECM caused a significant increase in the expression of D1, D2 receptors, phosphorylated DARPP, p25, cdk5, CaMKIIα, and D1-D2 heteromers. A substantial increase in neuronal damage observed in the dorsolateral striatum region of ECM brains (particularly in MSNs) as revealed by increased Fluoro-Jade C staining, reduced dendritic spine density, and impaired dendritic arborization with varicosities. While the ARM rescue therapy significantly altered the effects of ECM induced dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Overall, our data suggest that dysregulation of dopamine receptor signaling plays an important role in the degeneration of MSNs, and the ARM rescue therapy might provide better insights to develop effective therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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66
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Oo EM, Ruamyod K, Khowawisetsut L, Turbpaiboon C, Chaisuksunt V, Uawithya P, Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Chompoopong S. Germinated Brown Rice Attenuates Cell Death in Vascular Cognitive Impaired Mice and Glutamate-Induced Toxicity In HT22 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5093-5106. [PMID: 32275827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) with unpolishing, soaking, and germinating processes can improve the texture, flavor, and nutritional value, including GABA and phenolic contents. The effect of GBR was first investigated in vascular cognitive impaired mice and glutamate-induced toxicity in HT22 cells with respect to standard pure GABA. Feeding mice with GBR for 5 weeks showed neuroprotection. In this study, the modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion mice model was mild but a significant difference in cognitive impairment was still shown. Like pure GABA, GBR decreased cognitive deficits in memory behavioral tests and significantly attenuated hippocampal neuronal cell death at P < 0.001. Similarly to 0.125 μM of GABA, 100 μg/mL of GBR increased HT22 cell viability after glutamate toxicity. GBR affected less apoptotic cell death and less blocking by the GABAA antangonist bicuculline in comparison to GABA. When the results are taken together, the underlying mechanism of GBR protection may mediate though the GABAA receptor and its phenolic contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Mon Oo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Katesirin Ruamyod
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chairat Turbpaiboon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Vipavadee Chaisuksunt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panapat Uawithya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nanthanit Pholphana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nuchanart Rangkadilok
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Dobrescu I, de Camargo TM, Gimenez AM, Murillo O, Amorim KNDS, Marinho CRF, Soares IS, Boscardin SB, Bargieri DY. Protective Immunity in Mice Immunized With P. vivax MSP1 19-Based Formulations and Challenged With P. berghei Expressing PvMSP1 19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 32153555 PMCID: PMC7045055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of continuous in vitro cultures has been an obstacle delaying pre-clinical testing of Plasmodium vivax vaccine formulations based on known antigens. In this study, we generated a model to test available formulations based on the P. vivax MSP119 antigen. The Plasmodium berghei strains ANKA and NK65 were modified to express PvMSP119 instead of the endogenous PbMSP119. The hybrid parasites were used to challenge C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice immunized with PvMSP119-based vaccine formulations. The PvMSP119 was correctly expressed in the P. berghei hybrid mutant lines as confirmed by immunofluorescence using anti-PvMSP119 monoclonal antibodies and by Western blot. Replacement of the PbMSP119 by the PvMSP119 had no impact on asexual growth in vivo. High titers of specific antibodies to PvMSP119 were not sufficient to control initial parasitemia in the immunized mice, but late parasitemia control and a balanced inflammatory process protected these mice from dying, suggesting that an established immune response to PvMSP119 in this model can help immunity mounted later during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Dobrescu
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarsila Mendes de Camargo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alba Marina Gimenez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Irene Silva Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Youssef Bargieri
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kuehlwein JM, Borsche M, Korir PJ, Risch F, Mueller A, Hübner MP, Hildner K, Hoerauf A, Dunay IR, Schumak B. Protection of Batf3-deficient mice from experimental cerebral malaria correlates with impaired cytotoxic T-cell responses and immune regulation. Immunology 2020; 159:193-204. [PMID: 31631339 PMCID: PMC6954726 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory immune responses during infections with Plasmodium parasites are responsible for severe complications such as cerebral malaria (CM) that can be studied experimentally in mice. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and initiate immune responses against the parasites. Batf3-/- mice lack a DC subset, which efficiently induces strong CD8 T-cell responses by cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. Here we show that Batf3-/- mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) were protected from experimental CM (ECM), characterized by a stable blood-brain barrier (BBB) and significantly less infiltrated peripheral immune cells in the brain. Importantly, the absence of ECM in Batf3-/- mice correlated with attenuated responses of cytotoxic T-cells, as their parasite-specific lytic activity as well as the production of interferon gamma and granzyme B were significantly decreased. Remarkably, spleens of ECM-protected Batf3-/- mice had elevated levels of regulatory immune cells and interleukin 10. Thus, protection from ECM in PbA-infected Batf3-/- mice was associated with the absence of strong CD8+ T-cell activity and induction of immunoregulatory mediators and cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/parasitology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/parasitology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/parasitology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Granzymes/immunology
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Malaria, Cerebral/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/metabolism
- Malaria, Cerebral/parasitology
- Malaria, Cerebral/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Plasmodium berghei/immunology
- Plasmodium berghei/pathogenicity
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M. Kuehlwein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Patricia J. Korir
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Frederic Risch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ann‐Kristin Mueller
- Parasitology UnitCentre for Infectious DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- DZIF German Center for Infection ResearchPartner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Medical Department 1University Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- DZIF German Center for Infection ResearchPartner Site Bonn‐CologneBonnGermany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and NeurodegenerationUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
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Riggle BA, Miller LH, Pierce SK. Desperately Seeking Therapies for Cerebral Malaria. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:327-334. [PMID: 31907275 PMCID: PMC6951433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a deadly infectious disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium spp. that takes an estimated 435,000 lives each year, primarily among young African children. For most children, malaria is a febrile illness that resolves with time, but in ∼1% of cases, for reasons we do not understand, malaria becomes severe and life threatening. Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most common form of severe malaria, accounting for the vast majority of childhood deaths from malaria despite highly effective antiparasite chemotherapy. Thus, CM is one of the most prevalent lethal brain diseases, and one for which we have no effective therapy. CM is, in part, an immune-mediated disease, and to fully understand CM, it is essential to appreciate the complex relationship between the malarial parasite and the human immune system. In this study, we provide a primer on malaria for immunologists and, in this context, review progress identifying targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Riggle
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Louis H Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
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Camara A, Haddad M, Reybier K, Traoré MS, Baldé MA, Royo J, Baldé AO, Batigne P, Haidara M, Baldé ES, Coste A, Baldé AM, Aubouy A. Terminalia albida treatment improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria through reactive oxygen species scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Malar J 2019; 18:431. [PMID: 31852507 PMCID: PMC6921526 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of Plasmodium resistance to the last effective anti-malarial drugs necessitates the urgent development of new anti-malarial therapeutic strategies. To this end, plants are an important source of new molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-malarial effects of Terminalia albida, a plant used in Guinean traditional medicine, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be useful in treating cases of severe malaria. Methods In vitro antiplasmodial activity was evaluated on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K-1). In vivo efficacy of the plant extract was measured in the experimental cerebral malaria model based on Plasmodium berghei (strain ANKA) infection. Mice brains were harvested on Day 7–8 post-infection, and T cells recruitment to the brain, expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and ELISA. Non-malarial in vitro models of inflammation and oxidative response were used to confirm Terminalia albida effects. Constituents of Terminalia albida extract were characterized by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Top ranked compounds were putatively identified using plant databases and in silico fragmentation patterns. Results In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Terminalia albida was confirmed with an IC50 of 1.5 μg/mL. In vivo, Terminalia albida treatment greatly increased survival rates in P. berghei-infected mice. Treated mice were all alive until Day 12, and the survival rate was 50% on Day 20. Terminalia albida treatment also significantly decreased parasitaemia by 100% on Day 4 and 89% on Day 7 post-infection. In vivo anti-malarial activity was related to anti-inflammatory properties, as Terminalia albida treatment decreased T lymphocyte recruitment and expression of pro-inflammatory markers in brains of treated mice. These properties were confirmed in vitro in the non-malarial model. In vitro, Terminalia albida also demonstrated a remarkable dose-dependent neutralization activity of reactive oxygen species. Twelve compounds were putatively identified in Terminalia albida stem bark. Among them, several molecules already identified may be responsible for the different biological activities observed, especially tannins and triterpenoids. Conclusion The traditional use of Terminalia albida in the treatment of malaria was validated through the combination of in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissata Camara
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Reybier
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Sahar Traoré
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mamadou Aliou Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alpha Omar Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Philippe Batigne
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mahamane Haidara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Technics and Technologies (USTTB) of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Elhadj Saidou Baldé
- Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea.,Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aliou Mamadou Baldé
- Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Sanches-Vaz M, Temporão A, Luis R, Nunes-Cabaço H, Mendes AM, Goellner S, Carvalho T, Figueiredo LM, Prudêncio M. Trypanosoma brucei infection protects mice against malaria. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008145. [PMID: 31703103 PMCID: PMC6867654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleeping sickness and malaria are parasitic diseases with overlapping geographical distributions in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that the immune response elicited by an infection with Trypanosoma brucei, the etiological agent of sleeping sickness, would inhibit a subsequent infection by Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, decreasing the severity of its associated pathology. To investigate this, we established a new co-infection model in which mice were initially infected with T. brucei, followed by administration of P. berghei sporozoites. We observed that a primary infection by T. brucei significantly attenuates a subsequent infection by the malaria parasite, protecting mice from experimental cerebral malaria and prolonging host survival. We further observed that an ongoing T. brucei infection leads to an accumulation of lymphocyte-derived IFN-γ in the liver, limiting the establishment of a subsequent hepatic infection by P. berghei sporozoites. Thus, we identified a novel host-mediated interaction between two parasitic infections, which may be epidemiologically relevant in regions of Trypanosoma/Plasmodium co-endemicity. Despite the geographical overlap between the parasites that cause sleeping sickness and malaria, the reciprocal impact of a co-infection by T. brucei and Plasmodium had hitherto not been assessed. We hypothesized that the strong immune response elicited by a T. brucei infection could potentially limit the ability of Plasmodium parasites to infect the same host. In this study, we showed that a primary infection by T. brucei significantly attenuates a subsequent infection by the malaria parasite. Importantly, a significant proportion of the co-infected mice do not develop Plasmodium parasitemia, and those few that do, do not display symptoms of severe malaria and survive longer than their singly infected counterparts. We further showed that the prevention or delay in appearance of malaria parasites in the blood results from a dramatic impairment of the preceding liver infection by Plasmodium, which is mediated by the strong immune response mounted against the primary T. brucei infection. Our study provides new insights for a novel inter-pathogen interaction that may bear great epidemiological significance in regions of Trypanosoma/Plasmodium co-endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Sanches-Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adriana Temporão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Luis
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António M. Mendes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sarah Goellner
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (LMF); (MP)
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (LMF); (MP)
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Sato Y, Ries S, Stenzel W, Fillatreau S, Matuschewski K. The Liver-Stage Plasmodium Infection Is a Critical Checkpoint for Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2554. [PMID: 31736970 PMCID: PMC6837997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a life-threatening complication of malaria in humans, and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are widely analyzed in a murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Here, we show abrogation of ECM by hemocoel sporozoite-induced infection of a transgenic Plasmodium berghei line that overexpresses profilin, whereas these parasites remain fully virulent in transfusion-mediated blood infection. We, thus, demonstrate the importance of the clinically silent liver-stage infection for modulating the onset of ECM. Even though both parasites triggered comparable splenic immune cell expansion and accumulation of antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells in the brain, infection with transgenic sporozoites did not lead to cerebral vascular damages and suppressed the recruitment of overall lymphocyte populations. Strikingly, infection with the transgenic strain led to maintenance of CD115+Ly6C+ monocytes, which disappear in infected animals prone to ECM. An early induction of IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, and TNF at the time when parasites emerge from the liver might lead to a diminished induction of hepatic immunity. Collectively, our study reveals the essential role of early host interactions in the liver that may dampen the subsequent pro-inflammatory immune responses and influence the occurrence of ECM, highlighting a novel checkpoint in this fatal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sato
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefanie Ries
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology (I2H), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Mice chronically fed a high-fat diet are resistant to malaria induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2969-2977. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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TRPV1 Contributes to Cerebral Malaria Severity and Mortality by Regulating Brain Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9451671. [PMID: 31223430 PMCID: PMC6541938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9451671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a Ca+2-permeable channel expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells, known as an oxidative stress sensor. It plays a protective role in bacterial infection, and recent findings indicate that this receptor modulates monocyte populations in mice with malaria; however, its role in cerebral malaria progression and outcome is unclear. By using TRPV1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, the importance of TRPV1 to this cerebral syndrome was investigated. Infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA decreased TRPV1 expression in the brain. Mice lacking TRPV1 were protected against Plasmodium-induced mortality and morbidity, a response that was associated with less cerebral swelling, modulation of the brain expression of endothelial tight-junction markers (junctional adhesion molecule A and claudin-5), increased oxidative stress (via inhibition of catalase activity and increased levels of H2O2, nitrotyrosine, and carbonyl residues), and diminished production of cytokines. Plasmodium load was not significantly affected by TRPV1 ablation. Repeated subcutaneous administration of the selective TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 after malaria induction increased TRPV1 expression in the brain tissue and enhanced mouse survival. These data indicate that TRPV1 channels contribute to the development and outcome of cerebral malaria.
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Chin VK, Asyran AMY, Zakaria ZA, Abdullah WO, Chong PP, Nordin N, Ibraheem ZO, Majid RA, Basir R. TREM-1 modulation produces positive outcome on the histopathology and cytokines release profile of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2018; 43:139-153. [PMID: 30956457 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a potential molecular therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. Despite that, the role of TREM-1 during malaria pathogenesis remains obscure with present literature suggesting a link between TREM-1 with severe malaria development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of TREM-1 and TREM-1 related drugs during severe malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice model. Our findings revealed that TREM-1 concentration was significantly increased throughout the infection periods and TREM-1 was positively correlated with malaria parasitemia development. This suggests a positive involvement of TREM-1 in severe malaria development. Meanwhile, blocking of TREM-1 activation using rmTREM-1/Fc and TREM-1 clearance by mTREM-1/Ab had significantly reduced malaria parasitemia and suppressed the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of TREM-1 related drug treatments, in particular rmTREM-1/Fc showed significant improvements in the histological conditions of major organs (kidneys, spleen, lungs, liver and brain) of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. This study showed that modulation of TREM-1 released during malaria infection produces a positive outcome on malaria infection through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and alleviation of histopathological conditions of affected organs. Nevertheless, further investigation on its optimal dosage and dose dependant study should be carried out to maximise its full potential as immunomodulatory or as an adjuvant in line with current antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Kin Chin
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Afiq Mohd Yusof Asyran
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan Omar Abdullah
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zaid Osamah Ibraheem
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Roslaini Abdul Majid
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Hoffmann A, Pfeil J, Mueller AK, Jin J, Deumelandt K, Helluy X, Wang C, Heiland S, Platten M, Chen JW, Bendszus M, Breckwoldt MO. MRI of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Myeloperoxidase Activity Links Inflammation to Brain Edema in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Radiology 2018; 290:359-367. [PMID: 30615566 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018181051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of inflammation and brain edema in a cerebral malaria (CM) mouse model with a combination of bis-5-hydroxy-tryptamide-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate gadolinium, referred to as MPO-Gd, and cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticle (CLIO-NP) imaging. Materials and Methods Female wild-type (n = 23) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) knock-out (n = 5) mice were infected with the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain from May 2016 to July 2018. Seven healthy mice served as control animals. At a Rapid Murine Coma and Behavioral Scale (RMCBS) score of less than 15, mice underwent MRI at 9.4 T and received gadodiamide, MPO-Gd, or CLIO-NPs. T1-weighted MRI was used to assess MPO activity, and T2*-weighted MRI was used to track CLIO-NPs. Immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analyses characterized CLIO-NPs, MPO, endothelial cells, and leukocytes. An unpaired, two-tailed Student t test was used to compare groups; Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship of imaging parameters to clinical severity. Results MPO-Gd enhancement occurred in inflammatory CM hotspots (olfactory bulb > rostral migratory stream > brainstem > cortex, P < .05 for all regions compared with control mice; mean olfactory bulb signal intensity ratio: 1.40 ± 0.07 vs 0.96 ± 0.01, P < .01). The enhancement was reduced in MPO knockout mice (mean signal intensity ratio at 60 minutes: 1.13 ± 0.04 vs 1.40 ± 0.07 in CM, P < .05). Blood-brain barrier compromise was suggested by parenchymal gadolinium enhancement, leukocyte recruitment, and endothelial activation. CLIO-NPs accumulated mainly intravascularly and at the vascular endothelium. CLIO-NPs were also found in the choroid plexus, indicating inflammation of the ventricular system. Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier breakdown showed correlation with brain swelling (r2: 0.55, P < .01) and RMCBS score (r2: 0.75, P < .001). Conclusion Iron oxide nanoparticle imaging showed strong inflammatory involvement of the microvasculature in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Furthermore, bis-5-hydroxy-tryptamide-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate gadolinium imaging depicted parenchymal and intraventricular inflammation. This combined molecular imaging approach links vascular inflammation to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier that correlate with global brain edema and disease severity. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kiessling in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hoffmann
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Johannes Pfeil
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Jessica Jin
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Katrin Deumelandt
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Xavier Helluy
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Cuihua Wang
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Sabine Heiland
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Michael Platten
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - John W Chen
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (A.H., J.J., X.H., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit (J.P., A.K.M.), and Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics (J.P.), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany (J.P., A.K.M.); DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.D., M.P., M.O.B.); NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (X.H.); Center for Systems Biology and Institute for Innovation in Imaging (C.W., J.W.C.) and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (J.W.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; and Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (M.P.)
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Costa G, Gildenhard M, Eldering M, Lindquist RL, Hauser AE, Sauerwein R, Goosmann C, Brinkmann V, Carrillo-Bustamante P, Levashina EA. Non-competitive resource exploitation within mosquito shapes within-host malaria infectivity and virulence. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3474. [PMID: 30150763 PMCID: PMC6110728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a fatal human parasitic disease transmitted by a mosquito vector. Although the evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been the focus of many theoretical and empirical studies, the vector’s contribution to this process is not well understood. Here, we explore how within-vector resource exploitation would impact the evolution of within-host Plasmodium virulence. By combining within-vector dynamics and malaria epidemiology, we develop a mathematical model, which predicts that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector restricts within-host parasite virulence. To validate our model, we experimentally manipulate mosquito lipid trafficking and gauge within-vector parasite development and within-host infectivity and virulence. We find that mosquito-derived lipids determine within-host parasite virulence by shaping development (quantity) and metabolic activity (quality) of transmissible sporozoites. Our findings uncover the potential impact of within-vector environment and vector control strategies on the evolution of malaria virulence. The evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been studied, but the vector’s contribution isn’t well understood. Here, Costa et al. show that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector, in particular lipid trafficking, restricts within-host infectivity and virulence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Costa
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gildenhard
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Eldering
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R L Lindquist
- Immunodynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Hauser
- Immunodynamics, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Goosmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Carrillo-Bustamante
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - E A Levashina
- Vector Biology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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78
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Fernandes P, Howland SW, Heiss K, Hoffmann A, Hernández-Castañeda MA, Obrová K, Frank R, Wiedemann P, Bendzus M, Rénia L, Mueller AK. A Plasmodium Cross-Stage Antigen Contributes to the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1875. [PMID: 30154793 PMCID: PMC6102508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a complex neurological syndrome caused by an infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites and is exclusively attributed to a series of host–parasite interactions at the pathological blood-stage of infection. In contrast, the preceding intra-hepatic phase of replication is generally considered clinically silent and thereby excluded from playing any role in the development of neurological symptoms. In this study, however, we present an antigen PbmaLS_05 that is presented to the host immune system by both pre-erythrocytic and intra-erythrocytic stages and contributes to the development of cerebral malaria in mice. Although deletion of the endogenous PbmaLS_05 prevented the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in susceptible mice after both sporozoite and infected red blood cell (iRBC) infections, we observed significant differences in contribution of the host immune response between both modes of inoculation. Moreover, PbmaLS_05-specific CD8+ T cells contributed to the development of ECM after sporozoite but not iRBC-infection, suggesting that pre-erythrocytic antigens like PbmaLS_05 can also contribute to the development of cerebral symptoms. Our data thus highlight the importance of the natural route of infection in the study of ECM, with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic strategies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirsten Heiss
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Klára Obrová
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Frank
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wiedemann
- Department of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bendzus
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
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79
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Targeting the IL33-NLRP3 axis improves therapy for experimental cerebral malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7404-7409. [PMID: 29954866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801737115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious neurological complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Currently, the only treatment for CM is the provision of antimalarial drugs; however, such treatment by itself often fails to prevent death or development of neurological sequelae. To identify potential improved treatments for CM, we performed a nonbiased whole-brain transcriptomic time-course analysis of antimalarial drug chemotherapy of murine experimental CM (ECM). Bioinformatics analyses revealed IL33 as a critical regulator of neuroinflammation and cerebral pathology that is down-regulated in the brain during fatal ECM and in the acute period following treatment of ECM. Consistent with this, administration of IL33 alongside antimalarial drugs significantly improved the treatment success of established ECM. Mechanistically, IL33 treatment reduced inflammasome activation and IL1β production in microglia and intracerebral monocytes in the acute recovery period following treatment of ECM. Moreover, treatment with the NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 alongside antimalarial drugs phenocopied the protective effect of IL33 therapy in improving the recovery from established ECM. We further showed that IL1β release from macrophages was stimulated by hemozoin and antimalarial drugs and that this was inhibited by MCC950. Our results therefore demonstrate that manipulation of the IL33-NLRP3 axis may be an effective therapy to suppress neuroinflammation and improve the efficacy of antimalarial drug treatment of CM.
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80
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Moussa E, Huang H, Ahras M, Lall A, Thezenas ML, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Pain A, Billker O, Casals-Pascual C. Proteomic profiling of the brain of mice with experimental cerebral malaria. J Proteomics 2018; 180:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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81
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Vanka R, Kuppusamy G, Praveen Kumar S, Baruah UK, Karri VVSR, Pandey V, Babu PP. Ameliorating the in vivo antimalarial efficacy of artemether using nanostructured lipid carriers. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:121-136. [PMID: 29448884 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1441915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a fatal neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that affects children (below five years old) in sub-Saharan Africa and adults in South-East Asia each year having the fatality rate of 10-25%. The survivors of CM also have high risk of long term neurological or cognitive deficits. The objective of the present investigation was to develop optimised nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of artemether (ARM) for enhanced anti-malarial efficacy of ARM. NLCs of ARM were prepared by a combination of high speed homogenisation (HSH) and probe sonication techniques. Preliminary solubility studies for ARM showed highest solubility in trimyristin (solid lipid), capmul MCM NF (liquid lipid) and polysorbate 80 (surfactant). Trimyristin and capmul showed superior miscibility at a ratio of 70:30.The optimised NLC formulation has the particle size (PS) of: 48.59 ± 3.67 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of: -32 ± 1.63 mV and entrapment efficiency (EE) of: 91 ± 3.62%. In vitro cell line (human embryonic kidney fibroblast cell line (HEK 293 T)) cytotoxicity studies showed that prepared formulation was non-toxic. The results of in vivo studies in CM induced mice prevented the recrudescence of parasite after administration of NLCs of ARM. Additionally, NLCs of ARM showed better parasite clearance, higher survival (60%) in comparison to ARM solution (40%). Also it was observed that lesser entrapment of Evans blue stain (prepared in PBS as solution) in the NLCs of ARM treated brains of C57BL/6 mice than ARM solution treated mice. Hence NLCs of ARM may be a better alternative for improving therapeutic efficacy than ARM solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravisankar Vanka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | | | - Vimal Pandey
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
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82
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Perillyl alcohol exhibits in vitro inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum and protects against experimental cerebral malaria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:370-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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83
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Protection from experimental cerebral malaria with a single intravenous or subcutaneous whole-parasite immunization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3085. [PMID: 29449638 PMCID: PMC5814423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodia infection and a major cause of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. We report that protection from experimental cerebral malaria in the rodent model is obtained by a single intravenous or subcutaneous whole-parasite immunization. Whole-parasite immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites was equally protective as immunization with non-attenuated sporozoites under chemoprophylaxis. Both immunization regimens delayed the development of blood-stage parasites, but differences in cellular and humoral immune mechanisms were observed. Single-dose whole-parasite vaccination might serve as a relatively simple and feasible immunization approach to prevent life-threatening cerebral malaria.
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84
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Cariaco Y, Lima WR, Sousa R, Nascimento LAC, Briceño MP, Fotoran WL, Wunderlich G, Dos Santos JL, Silva NM. Ethanolic extract of the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum decreases inflammation and ameliorates experimental cerebral malaria in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1547. [PMID: 29367729 PMCID: PMC5784021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased resistance to the first-line treatment against P. falciparum malaria, artemisinin-based combination therapies, has been reported. Here, we tested the effect of crude ethanolic extract of the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum (Ext-Ts) on the growth of P. falciparum NF54 in infected human red blood cells (ihRBCs) and its anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory properties in a mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria. For this purpose, ihRBCs were treated with Ext-Ts and analysed for parasitaemia; C57BL/6 mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA), treated daily with Ext-Ts, and clinical, biochemical, histological and immunological features of the disease were monitored. It was observed that Ext-Ts presented a dose-dependent ability to control P. falciparum in ihRBCs. In addition, it was demonstrated that Ext-Ts treatment of PbA-infected mice was able to increase survival, prevent neurological signs and decrease parasitaemia at the beginning of infection. These effects were associated with systemically decreased levels of lipids and IFN-γ, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CCR5 cerebral expression, preserving blood brain barrier integrity and attenuating the inflammatory lesions in the brain, liver and lungs. These results suggest that Ext-Ts could be a source of immunomodulatory and antimalarial compounds that could improve the treatment of cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusmaris Cariaco
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wânia Rezende Lima
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, 78735-901, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Romulo Sousa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Layane Alencar Costa Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marisol Pallete Briceño
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gerhard Wunderlich
- Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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85
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Lee MSJ, Coban C. Unforeseen pathologies caused by malaria. Int Immunol 2017; 30:121-129. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sue Jann Lee
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Japan
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86
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Higgins SJ, Purcell LA, Silver KL, Tran V, Crowley V, Hawkes M, Conroy AL, Opoka RO, Hay JG, Quaggin SE, Thurston G, Liles WC, Kain KC. Dysregulation of angiopoietin-1 plays a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:358ra128. [PMID: 27683553 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Interventions targeting the underlying pathophysiology of cerebral malaria may improve outcomes compared to treatment with antimalarials alone. Microvascular leak plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie-2 system is a critical regulator of vascular function. We show that Ang-1 expression and soluble Tie-2 expression were associated with disease severity and outcome in a prospective study of Ugandan children with severe malaria and in a preclinical murine model of experimental cerebral malaria. Ang-1 was necessary for maintenance of vascular integrity and survival in a mouse model of cerebral malaria. Therapeutic administration of Ang-1 preserved blood-brain barrier integrity and, in combination with artesunate treatment, improved survival beyond that with artesunate alone. These data define a role for dysregulation of the Ang-Tie-2 axis in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria and support the evaluation of Ang-Tie-2-based interventions as potential adjunctive therapies for treating severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Higgins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Karlee L Silver
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Grand Challenges Canada, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Valerie Crowley
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Hawkes
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago Hospital and Makerere University, Kampala 7051, Uganda
| | - John G Hay
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10006, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - W Conrad Liles
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Pharmacology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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87
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Natural Parasite Exposure Induces Protective Human Anti-Malarial Antibodies. Immunity 2017; 47:1197-1209.e10. [PMID: 29195810 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against the NANP repeat of circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites, can protect from malaria in animal models but protective humoral immunity is difficult to induce in humans. Here we cloned and characterized rare affinity-matured human NANP-reactive memory B cell antibodies elicited by natural Pf exposure that potently inhibited parasite transmission and development in vivo. We unveiled the molecular details of antibody binding to two distinct protective epitopes within the NANP repeat. NANP repeat recognition was largely mediated by germline encoded and immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) residues, whereas affinity maturation contributed predominantly to stabilizing the antigen-binding site conformation. Combined, our findings illustrate the power of exploring human anti-CSP antibody responses to develop tools for malaria control in the mammalian and the mosquito vector and provide a molecular basis for the structure-based design of next-generation CSP malaria vaccines.
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88
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CD4 + T Cells Orchestrate Lethal Immune Pathology despite Fungal Clearance during Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01415-17. [PMID: 29162707 PMCID: PMC5698549 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01415-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a major fungal pathogen that disseminates to the central nervous system (CNS) to cause fatal meningoencephalitis, but little is known about immune responses within this immune-privileged site. CD4+ T cells have demonstrated roles in anticryptococcal defenses, but increasing evidence suggests that they may contribute to clinical deterioration and pathology in both HIV-positive (HIV+) and non-HIV patients who develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS), respectively. Here we report a novel murine model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and a potential damaging role of T cells in disseminated cryptococcal CNS infection. In this model, fungal burdens plateaued in the infected brain by day 7 postinfection, but activation of microglia and accumulation of CD45hi leukocytes was significantly delayed relative to fungal growth and did not peak until day 21. The inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate consisted predominantly of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ T cells, conventionally believed to promote fungal clearance and recovery. However, more than 50% of mice succumbed to infection and neurological dysfunction between days 21 and 35 despite a 100-fold reduction in fungal burdens. Depletion of CD4+ cells significantly impaired IFN-γ production, CD8+ T cell and myeloid cell accumulation, and fungal clearance from the CNS but prevented the development of clinical symptoms and mortality. These findings conclusively demonstrate that although CD4+ T cells are necessary to control fungal growth, they can also promote significant immunopathology and mortality during CNS infection. The results from this model may provide important guidance for development and use of anti-inflammatory therapies to minimize CNS injury in patients with severe cryptococcal infections. CNS infection with the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans often results in debilitating brain injury and has a high mortality rate despite antifungal treatment. Treatment is complicated by the fact that immune responses needed to eliminate infection are also thought to drive CNS damage in a subset of both HIV+ and non-HIV patients. Thus, physicians need to balance efforts to enhance patients’ immune responses and promote microbiological control with anti-inflammatory therapy to protect the CNS. Here we report a novel model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis demonstrating that fungal growth within the CNS does not immediately cause symptomatic disease. Rather, accumulation of antifungal immune cells critically mediates CNS injury and mortality. This model demonstrates that antifungal immune responses in the CNS can cause detrimental pathology and addresses the urgent need for animal models to investigate the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cryptococcal disease in order to better treat patients with CNS infections.
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89
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Crowley VM, Ayi K, Lu Z, Liby KT, Sporn M, Kain KC. Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids enhance blood brain barrier integrity and improve survival in experimental cerebral malaria. Malar J 2017; 16:463. [PMID: 29137631 PMCID: PMC5686938 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection associated with high mortality and neurocognitive impairment in survivors. New anti-malarials and host-based adjunctive therapy may improve clinical outcome in CM. Synthetic oleanane triterpenoid (SO) compounds have shown efficacy in the treatment of diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to pathogenesis. Methods A derivative of the SO 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), CDDO-ethyl amide (CDDO-EA) was investigated for the treatment of severe malaria in a pre-clinical model. CDDO-EA was evaluated in vivo as a monotherapy as well as adjunctive therapy with parenteral artesunate in the Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model. Results CDDO-EA alone improved outcome in ECM and, given as adjunctive therapy in combination with artesunate, it significantly improved outcome over artesunate alone (p = 0.009). Improved survival was associated with reduced inflammation, enhanced endothelial stability and blood–brain barrier integrity. Survival was improved even when administered late in the disease course after the onset of neurological symptoms. Conclusions These results indicate that SO are a new class of immunomodulatory drugs and support further studies investigating this class of agents as potential adjunctive therapy for severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Crowley
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kodjo Ayi
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ziyue Lu
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kevin C Kain
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Tropical Diseases Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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90
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Simhadri PK, Malwade R, Vanka R, Nakka VP, Kuppusamy G, Babu PP. Dysregulation of LIMK-1/cofilin-1 pathway: A possible basis for alteration of neuronal morphology in experimental cerebral malaria. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:429-443. [PMID: 28843047 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of cognition even after survival is the salient feature of cerebral malaria (CM). Currently, the fate of neuronal morphology is not studied at the ultrastructural level in CM. Recent studies suggest that maintenance of neuronal morphology and dendritic spine density (actin dynamics in particular) are essential for proper cognitive function. LIMK-1/cofilin-1 signaling pathway is known to be involved in the maintenance of actin dynamics through regulation of cofilin-1, and in executing learning and memory functions. METHODS Using an experimental mouse model, we analyzed the behavioral parameters of asymptomatic mice with CM by performing a rapid murine coma and behavior scale experiment. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to assess neuronal morphology, dendritic spine density, and arborization in brain cortex subjected to Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection compared to asymptomatic, anemic, and control groups. We studied the neural gene expression pattern of LIMK-1, cofilin-1, and β-actin in all the experimental groups by semiquantitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed significant loss of dendritic spine density, abnormal spine morphology, reduced dendritic arborization, and extensive dendritic varicosities in the cortical neurons of CM-infected brain. Furthermore, these observations correlated with diminished protein levels of LIMK-1, cofilin-1, phospho-cofilin-1, and β-actin in the whole brain lysates as well as formation of actin-cofilin rods in the brain sections of symptomatic mice with CM. INTERPRETATION Overall, our findings suggest that the altered neuronal morphology and dysregulation of LIMK-1/cofilin-1 pathway could affect the cognitive outcome after experimental CM. Therefore, this study could help to establish newer therapeutic strategies addressing long-term cognitive impairment after CM. Ann Neurol 2017;82:429-443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Ruchi Malwade
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Ravisankar Vanka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | | | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
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S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Deficiency Confers Improved Survival and Neurological Outcome in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00371-17. [PMID: 28674030 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00371-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artesunate remains the mainstay of treatment for cerebral malaria, but it is less effective in later stages of disease when the host inflammatory response and blood-brain barrier integrity dictate clinical outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of inflammation and microvascular integrity, and impaired NO bioactivity is associated with fatal outcomes in malaria. Endogenous NO bioactivity in mammals is largely mediated by S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that animals deficient in the SNO-metabolizing enzyme, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), which exhibit enhanced S-nitrosylation, would have improved outcomes in a preclinical model of cerebral malaria. GSNOR knockout (KO) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA had significantly delayed mortality compared to WT animals (P < 0.0001), despite higher parasite burdens (P < 0.01), and displayed markedly enhanced survival versus the wild type (WT) when treated with the antimalarial drug artesunate (77% versus 38%; P < 0.001). Improved survival was associated with higher levels of protein-bound NO, decreased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the brain, improved blood-brain barrier integrity, and improved coma scores, as well as higher levels of gamma interferon. GSNOR KO animals receiving WT bone marrow had significantly reduced survival following P. berghei ANKA infection compared to those receiving KO bone barrow (P < 0.001). Reciprocal transplants established that survival benefits of GSNOR deletion were attributable primarily to the T cell compartment. These data indicate a role for GSNOR in the host response to malaria infection and suggest that strategies to disrupt its activity will improve clinical outcomes by enhancing microvascular integrity and modulating T cell tissue tropism.
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92
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Khandare AV, Bobade D, Deval M, Patil T, Saha B, Prakash D. Expression of negative immune regulatory molecules, pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokines in immunopathology of ECM developing mice. Acta Trop 2017; 172:58-63. [PMID: 28454880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathological events in human cerebral malaria are mimicked in the experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PBA)-infected C57BL/6 mice. Although previously implied in ECM, the kinetics of cytokines and chemokines expression-an essential functional feature for defining causality in ECM development-remained untested. Herein, we characterized the immunopathological changes and the expression of negative immune regulatory molecules, cytokines and chemokines through asymptomatic (3days after infection, 3dpi), symptomatic (5dpi) and ECM (7dpi) stages in PBA-infected C57BL/6 mice. Parasitized RBCs were first detected in brain on 3dpi, edema and tissue alterations on 5dpi, and hemorrhages in different areas of brain on 7dpi. Increased cerebellar PD-1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3 expression and reduced hippocampal CXCL-4 expression on 3dpi were the first observed immunological changes. The negative immune regulatory molecules (PD-L1, CTLA-4), cytokines (TNF-α, sFAS-L), and chemokines (CXCL-10, MIP-1β) transcript levels varied in different brain areas in symptomatic and ECM phases. By 5dpi, TNF-α, CXCL10 and MIP-1β significantly increased in all brain parts studied; IL-1RA in whole brain, whereas CXCL4 reduced in hippocampus and cerebrum. By 7dpi, the hippocampal PD-1, CXCL4 and CTLA-4 expression decreased but the cerebral, cerebellar and hippocampal PD-L1 expression were elevated. TNF-α, CXCL10, MIP-1β, PD-1, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression were up-regulated in different brain areas. The TNFR2, IFN-gamma receptor, Lymphotoxin-β receptor and sFAS-L transcripts significantly increased in brain in ECM. Our data characterize key dynamic immunopathological changes in brain to imply relationship to ECM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin V Khandare
- National Centre for Cell Science [NCCS], Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Deepali Bobade
- National Centre for Cell Science [NCCS], Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Mangesh Deval
- National Centre for Cell Science [NCCS], Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Tushar Patil
- Yashwantrao Chavhan Hospital, Department of Pathology, Pimpri, Pune, India.
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science [NCCS], Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - D Prakash
- National Centre for Cell Science [NCCS], Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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93
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Jiang P, Xu Z, Xiao B, Han Z, Huang J, Xu J, Lun Z, Zhou W. Hydrogen sulfide protects against the development of experimental cerebral malaria in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2045-2050. [PMID: 28656241 PMCID: PMC5561995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has anti‑inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, particularly during pathological processes. Experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), which is caused by vascular leakage into the brain, is characterized by inflammation, neurological deficits and cerebral hemorrhage. The present study investigated the correlation between ECM genesis and the levels of H2S. The results indicated that the levels of H2S derived from the brain decreased over time following ECM infection, and that the low H2S bioavailability was partially caused by decreased expression of the H2S generating enzyme, cystathionine‑β‑synthase. Administration of NaHS (an exogenous donor of H2S) provided protection against ECM. NaHS inhibited the destruction of the blood brain barrier and the secretion of proinflammatory biomarkers, including interluekin‑18, matrix metalloproteinase‑9 and serum cluster of differentiation 40 into the brain during ECM. In conclusion, these results suggested that low levels of H2S in brain contributed to the progression of ECM, and that H2S donor administration may represent a potential protective therapy against ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhishen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Baiquan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jianbang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhaorong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
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Hoffmann A, Helluy X, Fischer M, Mueller AK, Heiland S, Pham M, Bendszus M, Pfeil J. In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654030 DOI: 10.3791/55334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a sign of severe malarial disease and is often a harbinger of death. While aggressive management can be life-saving, the detection of cerebral malaria can be difficult. We present an experimental mouse model of cerebral malaria that shares multiple features of the human disease, including edema and microvascular pathology. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we can detect and track the blood-brain barrier disruption, edema development, and subsequent brain swelling. We describe multiple MRI techniques that can visualize these pertinent pathological changes. Thus, we show that MRI represents a valuable tool to visualize and track pathological changes, such as edema, brain swelling, and microvascular pathology, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital; Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital;
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital; NeuroImaging Centre Research, Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum
| | - Manuel Fischer
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Ann-Kristin Mueller
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital; Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Johannes Pfeil
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF); Center for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital
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95
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Strangward P, Haley MJ, Shaw TN, Schwartz JM, Greig R, Mironov A, de Souza JB, Cruickshank SM, Craig AG, Milner DA, Allan SM, Couper KN. A quantitative brain map of experimental cerebral malaria pathology. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006267. [PMID: 28273147 PMCID: PMC5358898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) has been utilised extensively in recent years to study the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria (HCM). However, it has been proposed that the aetiologies of ECM and HCM are distinct, and, consequently, no useful mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of HCM can be obtained from studying the ECM model. Therefore, in order to determine the similarities and differences in the pathology of ECM and HCM, we have performed the first spatial and quantitative histopathological assessment of the ECM syndrome. We demonstrate that the accumulation of parasitised red blood cells (pRBCs) in brain capillaries is a specific feature of ECM that is not observed during mild murine malaria infections. Critically, we show that individual pRBCs appear to occlude murine brain capillaries during ECM. As pRBC-mediated congestion of brain microvessels is a hallmark of HCM, this suggests that the impact of parasite accumulation on cerebral blood flow may ultimately be similar in mice and humans during ECM and HCM, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that cerebrovascular CD8+ T-cells appear to co-localise with accumulated pRBCs, an event that corresponds with development of widespread vascular leakage. As in HCM, we show that vascular leakage is not dependent on extensive vascular destruction. Instead, we show that vascular leakage is associated with alterations in transcellular and paracellular transport mechanisms. Finally, as in HCM, we observed axonal injury and demyelination in ECM adjacent to diverse vasculopathies. Collectively, our data therefore shows that, despite very different presentation, and apparently distinct mechanisms, of parasite accumulation, there appear to be a number of comparable features of cerebral pathology in mice and in humans during ECM and HCM, respectively. Thus, when used appropriately, the ECM model may be useful for studying specific pathological features of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Strangward
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Haley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tovah N. Shaw
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Greig
- Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Brian de Souza
- Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena M. Cruickshank
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alister G. Craig
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Danny A. Milner
- Department of Pathology, The Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin N. Couper
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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96
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Ssentongo P, Robuccio AE, Thuku G, Sim DG, Nabi A, Bahari F, Shanmugasundaram B, Billard MW, Geronimo A, Short KW, Drew PJ, Baccon J, Weinstein SL, Gilliam FG, Stoute JA, Chinchilli VM, Read AF, Gluckman BJ, Schiff SJ. A Murine Model to Study Epilepsy and SUDEP Induced by Malaria Infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43652. [PMID: 28272506 PMCID: PMC5341121 DOI: 10.1038/srep43652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the largest single sources of epilepsy in the world is produced as a neurological sequela in survivors of cerebral malaria. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of such epileptogenesis remain unknown and no adjunctive therapy during cerebral malaria has been shown to reduce the rate of subsequent epilepsy. There is no existing animal model of postmalarial epilepsy. In this technical report we demonstrate the first such animal models. These models were created from multiple mouse and parasite strain combinations, so that the epilepsy observed retained universality with respect to genetic background. We also discovered spontaneous sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in two of our strain combinations. These models offer a platform to enable new preclinical research into mechanisms and prevention of epilepsy and SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Ssentongo
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Anna E. Robuccio
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Godfrey Thuku
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Derek G. Sim
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Departments of Biology and Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ali Nabi
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Fatemeh Bahari
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Balaji Shanmugasundaram
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Myles W. Billard
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Andrew Geronimo
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Kurt W. Short
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Penn State University, University Park, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 16803, USA
| | - Jennifer Baccon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Steven L. Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Frank G. Gilliam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - José A. Stoute
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Andrew F. Read
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Departments of Biology and Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Bruce J. Gluckman
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Penn State University, University Park, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 16803, USA
| | - Steven J. Schiff
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16803, USA
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97
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Swanson PA, Hart GT, Russo MV, Nayak D, Yazew T, Peña M, Khan SM, Janse CJ, Pierce SK, McGavern DB. CD8+ T Cells Induce Fatal Brainstem Pathology during Cerebral Malaria via Luminal Antigen-Specific Engagement of Brain Vasculature. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006022. [PMID: 27907215 PMCID: PMC5131904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that results in thousands of deaths each year, mostly in African children. The in vivo mechanisms underlying this fatal condition are not entirely understood. Using the animal model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), we sought mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of CM. Fatal disease was associated with alterations in tight junction proteins, vascular breakdown in the meninges / parenchyma, edema, and ultimately neuronal cell death in the brainstem, which is consistent with cerebral herniation as a cause of death. At the peak of ECM, we revealed using intravital two-photon microscopy that myelomonocytic cells and parasite-specific CD8+ T cells associated primarily with the luminal surface of CNS blood vessels. Myelomonocytic cells participated in the removal of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) from cerebral blood vessels, but were not required for the disease. Interestingly, the majority of disease-inducing parasite-specific CD8+ T cells interacted with the lumen of brain vascular endothelial cells (ECs), where they were observed surveying, dividing, and arresting in a cognate peptide-MHC I dependent manner. These activities were critically dependent on IFN-γ, which was responsible for activating cerebrovascular ECs to upregulate adhesion and antigen-presenting molecules. Importantly, parasite-specific CD8+ T cell interactions with cerebral vessels were impaired in chimeric mice rendered unable to present EC antigens on MHC I, and these mice were in turn resistant to fatal brainstem pathology. Moreover, anti-adhesion molecule (LFA-1 / VLA-4) therapy prevented fatal disease by rapidly displacing luminal CD8+ T cells from cerebrovascular ECs without affecting extravascular T cells. These in vivo data demonstrate that parasite-specific CD8+ T cell-induced fatal vascular breakdown and subsequent neuronal death during ECM is associated with luminal, antigen-dependent interactions with cerebrovasculature. Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe and potentially fatal complication of malaria in humans that results in swelling and bleeding within the brain. The mechanisms that cause this fatal disease in humans are not completely understood. We studied an animal model known as experimental cerebral malaria to learn more about the factors that drive this disease process. Using a technique referred to as intravital microscopy, we captured movies of immune cells operating in the living brain as the disease developed. At the peak of disease, we observed evidence of immune cells interacting with and aggregating along blood vessels throughout the brain. These interactions were directly associated vascular leakage. This caused the brain to swell, which gave rise to an unsustainable pressure that ultimately killed neurons responsible for heart and lung function. The fatal swelling was induced by immune cells (referred to as T cells) interacting with bits of parasite presented by blood vessels in the brain. Removal of this parasite presentation protected the mice from fatal disease. We also evaluated a straightforward therapy that involved intravenous administration of antibodies that interfered with T cell sticking to blood vessels. Our movies revealed that this therapeutic approach rapidly displaced T cells from the blood vessels in the brain and prevented fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Swanson
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey T. Hart
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew V. Russo
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Center for Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Takele Yazew
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mirna Peña
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shahid M. Khan
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susan K. Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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98
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Alkaitis MS, Ackerman HC. Tetrahydrobiopterin Supplementation Improves Phenylalanine Metabolism in a Murine Model of Severe Malaria. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:827-838. [PMID: 27641435 PMCID: PMC6289270 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for both phenylalanine hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase. Patients with severe malaria have low urinary BH4, elevated plasma phenylalanine, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, suggesting that BH4 depletion may limit phenylalanine metabolism and nitric oxide synthesis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA to characterize BH4 availability and to investigate the effects of BH4 supplementation. P. berghei ANKA infection lowered BH4 in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain tissue but raised it in aorta and liver tissue. The ratio of BH4 to 7,8-BH2 (the major product of BH4 oxidation) was decreased in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain tissue, suggesting that oxidation contributes to BH4 depletion. The continuous infusion of sepiapterin (a BH4 precursor) and citrulline (an arginine precursor) raised the concentrations of BH4 and arginine in both blood and tissue compartments. The restoration of systemic BH4 and arginine availability in infected mice produced only a minor improvement in whole blood nitrite concentrations, a biomarker of NO synthesis, and failed to prevent the onset of severe disease symptoms. However, sepiapterin and citrulline infusion reduced the ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine in plasma, aortic tissue, and brain tissue. In summary, BH4 depletion in P. berghei infection may compromise both nitric oxide synthesis and phenylalanine metabolism; however, these findings require further investigation in human patients with severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Alkaitis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans C. Ackerman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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de Miranda AS, Brant F, Vieira LB, Rocha NP, Vieira ÉLM, Rezende GHS, de Oliveira Pimentel PM, Moraes MFD, Ribeiro FM, Ransohoff RM, Teixeira MM, Machado FS, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL. A Neuroprotective Effect of the Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MK801 on Long-Term Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes Secondary to Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7063-7082. [PMID: 27796746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, which can result in long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits despite successful anti-malarial therapy. Due to the substantial social and economic burden of CM, the development of adjuvant therapies is a scientific goal of highest priority. Apart from vascular and immune responses, changes in glutamate system have been reported in CM pathogenesis suggesting a potential therapeutic target. Based on that, we hypothesized that interventions in the glutamatergic system induced by blockage of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors could attenuate experimental CM long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Before the development of evident CM signs, susceptible mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) strain were initiated on treatment with dizocilpine maleate (MK801, 0.5 mg/kg), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. On day 5 post-infection, mice were treated orally with a 10-day course chloroquine (CQ, 30 mg/kg). Control mice also received saline, CQ or MK801 + CQ therapy. After 10 days of cessation of CQ treatment, magnetic resonance images (MRI), behavioral and immunological assays were performed. Indeed, MK801 combined with CQ prevented long-term memory impairment and depressive-like behavior following successful PbA infection resolution. In addition, MK801 also modulated the immune system by promoting a balance of TH1/TH2 response and upregulating neurotrophic factors levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, hippocampus abnormalities observed by MRI were partially prevented by MK801 treatment. Our results indicate that NMDA receptor antagonists can be neuroprotective in CM and could be a valuable adjuvant strategy for the management of the long-term impairment observed in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva de Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Fátima Brant
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Souza Rezende
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio F D Moraes
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Hou N, Zou Y, Piao X, Liu S, Wang L, Li S, Chen Q. T-Cell Immunoglobulin- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule 3 Signaling Blockade Improves Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Malaria. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1547-1556. [PMID: 27638944 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune responses play important roles in immune protection against Plasmodium infection. However, impaired immunity, such as lymphocyte exhaustion, is a common phenomenon in malaria. T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is an important regulatory molecule in cell-mediated immunity and has been implicated in malaria. In this study, it was found that Tim-3 expression on key populations of lymphocytes was significantly increased in both Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients and Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA)-infected C57BL/6 mice. Upregulation of Tim-3 led to lymphocyte exhaustion, while blocking Tim-3 signaling with an anti-Tim-3 antibody restored lymphocyte activity in Plasmodium infections. Further, anti-Tim-3 treatment accelerated the parasite clearance and relieved the symptoms of cerebral malaria in PbANKA-infected mice. In conclusion, Tim-3 on immune cells negatively regulates cell-mediated immunity against Plasmodium infection, and blocking Tim-3 signaling enhances sterile immunity and may play a protective role during malarial parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hou
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yang Zou
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Xianyu Piao
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shuai Liu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Shanshan Li
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qijun Chen
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
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