51
|
Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, Sava F, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L, Jesenak M, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Sanak M, Dahlén S, Woszczek G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:2337-2354. [PMID: 35174512 PMCID: PMC9111413 DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and Biosciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Ku Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Florentina Sava
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department of Pediatrics Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in BratislavaUniversity Teaching Hospital in Martin Slovakia
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital‐IBIMA‐UMA Málaga Spain
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Respiratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Soto Ocaña J, Bayard NU, Zackular JP. Pain killers: the interplay between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Clostridioides difficile infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 65:167-174. [PMID: 34894543 PMCID: PMC9058983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Increases in incidence, severity, and healthcare cost associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) have made this pathogen an urgent public health threat worldwide. The factors shaping the evolving epidemiology of CDI and impacting clinical outcomes of infection are not well understood, but involve tripartite interactions between the host, microbiota, and C. difficile. In addition to this, emerging data suggests an underappreciated role for environmental factors, such as diet and pharmaceutical drugs, in CDI. In this review, we discuss the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and eicosanoids in CDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Soto Ocaña
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nile U. Bayard
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Connick K, Lalor R, Murphy A, Glasgow A, Breen C, Malfait Z, Harold D, O'Neill SM. RNA-seq analysis of murine peyer's patches at 6 and 18 h post infection with Fasciola hepatica metacecariae. Vet Parasitol 2022; 302:109643. [PMID: 35066425 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a zoonotic parasite that not only economically burdens the agribusiness sector, but also infects up to 1 million people worldwide, with no commercial vaccine yet available. An ideal vaccine would induce protection in the gut, curtailing the extensive tissue damage associated with parasite's migration from the gut to the bile ducts. The design of such a vaccine requires greater knowledge of gut mucosal responses during the early stage of infection. We examined total mRNA expression of the peyer's patches at 6 and 18 h post F. hepatica infection using RNA sequencing. Differential expression analysis revealed 1341 genes upregulated and 61 genes downregulated at 6 h post infection, while 1562 genes were upregulated and 10 genes downregulated after 18 h. Gene-set enrichment analysis demonstrated that immune specific biological processes were amongst the most downregulated. The Toll-like receptor pathway in particular was significantly affected, the suppression of which is a well-documented immune evasive strategy employed by F. hepatica. In general, the genes identified were associated with suppression of inflammatory responses, helminth induced immune responses and tissue repair/homeostasis. This study provides a rich catalogue of the genes expressed in the early stages of F. hepatica infection, adding to the understanding of early host-parasite interactions and assisting in the design of future studies that look to advance the development of a novel F. hepatica vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Connick
- Fundamental and Translational Immunology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - R Lalor
- Fundamental and Translational Immunology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - A Murphy
- Fundamental and Translational Immunology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - A Glasgow
- Fundamental and Translational Immunology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - C Breen
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Z Malfait
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - D Harold
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - S M O'Neill
- Fundamental and Translational Immunology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhou L, Zhou W, Joseph AM, Chu C, Putzel GG, Fang B, Teng F, Lyu M, Yano H, Andreasson KI, Mekada E, Eberl G, Sonnenberg GF. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells produce the growth factor HB-EGF to protect the intestine from TNF-mediated inflammation. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:251-261. [PMID: 35102343 PMCID: PMC8842850 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drives chronic inflammation and cell death in the intestine, and blocking TNF is a therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite this knowledge, the pathways that protect the intestine from TNF are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) protect the intestinal epithelium from TNF-induced cell death. This occurs independent of interleukin-22 (IL-22), and we identify that ILC3s are a dominant source of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). ILC3s produce HB-EGF in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and engagement of the EP2 receptor. Mice lacking ILC3-derived HB-EGF exhibit increased susceptibility to TNF-mediated epithelial cell death and experimental intestinal inflammation. Finally, human ILC3s produce HB-EGF and are reduced from the inflamed intestine. These results define an essential role for ILC3-derived HB-EGF in protecting the intestine from TNF and indicate that disruption of this pathway contributes to IBD.
Collapse
|
55
|
Ohara TE, Colonna M, Stappenbeck TS. Adaptive differentiation promotes intestinal villus recovery. Dev Cell 2022; 57:166-179.e6. [PMID: 35016013 PMCID: PMC9092613 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Loss of differentiated cells to tissue damage is a hallmark of many diseases. In slow-turnover tissues, long-lived differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle or transdifferentiate to another cell type to promote repair. Here, we show that in a high-turnover tissue, severe damage to the differentiated compartment induces progenitors to transiently acquire a unique transcriptional and morphological postmitotic state. We highlight this in an acute villus injury model in the mouse intestine, where we identified a population of progenitor-derived cells that covered injured villi. These atrophy-induced villus epithelial cells (aVECs) were enriched for fetal markers but were differentiated and lineage committed. We further established a role for aVECs in maintaining barrier integrity through the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Notably, loss of YAP activity led to impaired villus regeneration. Thus, we define a key repair mechanism involving the activation of a fetal-like program during injury-induced differentiation, a process we term "adaptive differentiation."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro E Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Meriwether D, Jones AE, Ashby JW, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Dorreh N, Noori S, Grijalva V, Ball AB, Semis M, Divakaruni AS, Mack JJ, Herschman HR, Martin MG, Fogelman AM, Reddy ST. Macrophage COX2 Mediates Efferocytosis, Resolution Reprogramming, and Intestinal Epithelial Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1095-1120. [PMID: 35017061 PMCID: PMC8873959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phagocytosis (efferocytosis) of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages anchors the resolution of intestinal inflammation. Efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis and inhibits further inflammation, and also reprograms macrophages to facilitate tissue repair and promote resolution function. Macrophage efferocytosis and efferocytosis-dependent reprogramming are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We previously reported that absence of macrophage cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease-like intestinal inflammation. To elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we investigated here whether COX2 mediates macrophage efferocytosis and efferocytosis-dependent reprogramming, including intestinal epithelial repair capacity. METHODS Using apoptotic neutrophils and synthetic apoptotic targets, we determined the effects of macrophage specific Cox2 knockout and pharmacological COX2 inhibition on the efferocytosis capacity of mouse primary macrophages. COX2-mediated efferocytosis-dependent eicosanoid lipidomics was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Small intestinal epithelial organoids were employed to assay the effects of COX2 on efferocytosis-dependent intestinal epithelial repair. RESULTS Loss of COX2 impaired efferocytosis in mouse primary macrophages, in part, by affecting the binding capacity of macrophages for apoptotic cells. This effect was comparable to that of high-dose lipopolysaccharide and was accompanied by both dysregulation of macrophage polarization and the inhibited expression of genes involved in apoptotic cell binding. COX2 modulated the production of efferocytosis-dependent lipid inflammatory mediators that include the eicosanoids prostaglandin I2, prostaglandin E2, lipoxin A4, and 15d-PGJ2; and further affected secondary efferocytosis. Finally, macrophage efferocytosis induced, in a macrophage COX2-dependent manner, a tissue restitution and repair phenotype in intestinal epithelial organoids. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage COX2 potentiates efferocytosis capacity and efferocytosis-dependent reprogramming, facilitating macrophage intestinal epithelial repair capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Meriwether
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: David Meriwether, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-5347. fax: 310-206-3605.
| | - Anthony E. Jones
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julianne W. Ashby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - R. Sergio Solorzano-Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nasrin Dorreh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shoreh Noori
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andréa B. Ball
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarita Semis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ajit S. Divakaruni
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harvey R. Herschman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin G. Martin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan M. Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Srinivasa T. Reddy, PhD, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 43-144 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679. fax: 310-206-3605.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Crifo B, MacNaughton WK. Cells and mediators of inflammation as effectors of epithelial repair in the inflamed intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G169-G182. [PMID: 34878937 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00194.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal and histological healing have become the gold standards for assessing the efficacy of therapy in patients living with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Despite these being the accepted goals in therapy, the mechanisms that underlie the healing of the mucosa after an inflammatory insult are not well understood, and many patients fail to meet this therapeutic endpoint. Here we review the emerging evidence that mediators (e.g., prostaglandins, cytokines, proteases, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species) and innate immune cells (e.g., neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages), that are involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response, are also key players in the mechanisms underlying mucosal healing to resolve chronic inflammation in the colon. The dual function mediators comprise an inflammation/repair program that returns damaged tissue to homeostasis. Understanding details of the dual mechanisms of these mediators and cells may provide the basis for the development of drugs that can help to stimulate epithelial repair in patients affected by IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Crifo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Thibault MP, Tremblay É, Horth C, Fournier-Morin A, Grynspan D, Babakissa C, Levy E, Ferretti E, Bertelle V, Beaulieu JF. Lipocalin-2 and calprotectin as stool biomarkers for predicting necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:129-136. [PMID: 34465872 PMCID: PMC8770124 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major challenge for premature infants in neonatal intensive care units and efforts toward the search for indicators that could be used to predict the development of the disease have given limited results until now. METHODS In this study, stools from 132 very low birth weight infants were collected daily in the context of a multi-center prospective study aimed at investigating the potential of fecal biomarkers for NEC prediction. Eight infants (~6%) received a stage 3 NEC diagnosis. Their stools collected up to 10 days before diagnosis were included and matched with 14 non-NEC controls and tested by ELISA for the quantitation of eight biomarkers. RESULTS Biomarkers were evaluated in all available stool samples leading to the identification of lipocalin-2 and calprotectin as the two most reliable predicting markers over the 10-day period prior to NEC development. Pooling the data for each infant confirmed the significance of lipocalin-2 and calprotectin, individually and in combination 1 week in advance of the NEC clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The lipocalin-2 and calprotectin tandem represents a significant biomarker signature for predicting NEC development. Although not yet fulfilling the "perfect biomarker" criteria, it represents a first step toward it. IMPACT Stool biomarkers can be used to predict NEC development in very low birth weight infants more than a week before the diagnosis. LCN2 was identified as a new robust biomarker for predicting NEC development, which used in conjunction with CALPRO, allows the identification of more than half of the cases that will develop NEC in very low birth weight infants. Combining more stool markers with the LCN2/CALPRO tandem such as PGE2 can further improve the algorithm for the prediction of NEC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Thibault
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada ,grid.411172.00000 0001 0081 2808Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Éric Tremblay
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada ,grid.411172.00000 0001 0081 2808Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Chantal Horth
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Aube Fournier-Morin
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Corentin Babakissa
- grid.411172.00000 0001 0081 2808Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada ,grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Emanuela Ferretti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Valérie Bertelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. .,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lee C, An M, Joung JG, Park WY, Chang DK, Kim YH, Hong SN. TNFα Induces LGR5+ Stem Cell Dysfunction In Patients With Crohn's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:789-808. [PMID: 34700029 PMCID: PMC8783132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is considered a major tissue damage-promoting effector in Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. Patient-derived intestinal organoid (enteroid) recapitulates the disease-specific characteristics of the intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal epithelial responses to TNFα in enteroids derived from healthy controls and compare them with those of CD patient-derived enteroids. METHODS Human enteroids derived from patients with CD and controls were treated with TNFα (30 ng/mL), and cell viability and gene expression patterns were evaluated. RESULTS TNFα induced MLKL-mediated necroptotic cell death, which was more pronounced in CD patient-derived enteroids than in control enteroids. Immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing revealed that treatment with TNFα caused expansion of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) populations. However, expanded ISC subpopulations differed in control and CD patient-derived enteroids, with LGR5+ active ISCs in control enteroids and reserve ISCs, such as BMI1+ cells, in CD patient-derived enteroids. In single-cell RNA sequencing, LGR5+ ISC-enriched cell cluster showed strong expression of TNFRSF1B (TNFR2) and cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activation. In TNFα-treated CD patient-derived enteroids, exogenous PGE2 (10 nmol/L) induced the expansion of the LGR5+ ISC population and improved organoid-forming efficiency, viability, and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS TNFα increases necroptosis of differentiated cells and induces the expansion of LGR5+ ISCs. In CD patient-derived enteroids, TNFα causes LGR5+ stem cell dysfunction (expansion failure), and exogenous PGE2 treatment restored the functions of LGR5+ stem cells. Therefore, PGE2 can be used to promote mucosal healing in patients with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chansu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minae An
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells 2022; 40:123-132. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
62
|
Chung JS, Hwang S, Hong JE, Jo M, Rhee KJ, Kim S, Jung PY, Yoon Y, Kang SH, Ryu H, Kim MY, Bae KS, Eom YW. Skeletal muscle satellite cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate acute alcohol-induced liver injury. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:353-363. [PMID: 35165521 PMCID: PMC8795809 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured human skeletal-muscle satellite cells have properties of mesenchymal stem cells (skeletal muscle satellite cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells, SkMSCs) and play anti-inflammatory roles by secreting prostaglandin E2 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). To evaluate the utility of SkMSCs in treating liver diseases, we determined whether SkMSCs could ameliorate acute liver and gut inflammation induced by binge ethanol administration. Binge drinking of ethanol led to weight loss in the body and spleen, liver inflammation and steatosis, and increased serum ALT and AST levels (markers of liver injury), along with increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS expression levels in mice. However, levels of these binge-drinking-induced indicators were reduced by a single intraperitoneal treatment of SkMSCs. Furthermore, levels of bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide decreased in the livers and sera of ethanol-exposed mice after SkMSC administration. SkMSCs decreased the extent of tissue inflammation and reduced villus and crypt lengths in the small intestine after alcohol binge drinking. SkMSCs also reduced the leakage of blood albumin, an indicator of leaky gut, in the stool of ethanol-exposed mice. Alcohol-induced damage to human colonic Caco-2/tc7 cells was also alleviated by HGF. Therefore, a single treatment with SkMSCs can attenuate alcoholic liver damage by reducing inflammatory responses in the liver and gut, suggesting that SkMSCs could be used in cell therapy to treat alcoholic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyup Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Young Jung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Seok Bae
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Du Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhao X, Zou J. Endocrine Regulation of Extra-skeletal Organs by Bone-derived Secreted Protein and the effect of Mechanical Stimulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778015. [PMID: 34901023 PMCID: PMC8652208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone serves as the support for body and provide attachment points for the muscles. The musculoskeletal system is the basis for the human body to complete exercise. Studies believe that bone is not only the basis for constructing structures, but also participates in the regulation of organs outside bone. The realization of this function is closely related to the protein secreted by bone. Whether bone can realize their positions in the human body is also related to their secretion. Bone-derived proteins provide a medium for the targeted regulation of bones on organs, making the role of bone in human body more profound and concrete. Mechanical stimulation effects the extra-skeletal organs by causing quantitative changes in bone-derived factors. When bone receives mechanical stimulation, the nichle of bone responds, and the secretion of various factors changes. However, whether the proteins secreted by bone can interfere with disease requires more research. In this review article, we will first introduce the important reasons and significance of the in-depth study on bone-derived secretory proteins, and summarize the locations, structures and functions of these proteins. These functions will not only focus on the bone metabolism process, but also be reflected in the cross-organ regulation. We specifically explain the role of typical bone-derived secretory factors such as osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), sclerostin (SOST) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in different organs and metabolic processes, then establishing the relationship between them and diseases. Finally, we will discuss whether exercise or mechanical stimulation can have a definite effect on bone-derived secretory factors. Understanding their important role in cross-organ regulation is of great significance for the treatment of diseases, especially for the elderly people with more than one basic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Du
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Meyer AR, Brown ME, McGrath PS, Dempsey PJ. Injury-Induced Cellular Plasticity Drives Intestinal Regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:843-856. [PMID: 34915204 PMCID: PMC8803615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the intestine, particularly the stem cell compartment, is affected by harsh conditions in the luminal environment and also is susceptible to genotoxic agents such as radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, the ability for intestinal epithelial cells to revert to a stem cell state is an important physiological damage response to regenerate the intestinal epithelium at sites of mucosal injury. Many signaling networks involved in maintaining the stem cell niche are activated as part of the damage response to promote cellular plasticity and regeneration. The relative contribution of each cell type and signaling pathway is a critical area of ongoing research, likely dependent on the nature of injury as well as the regional specification within the intestine. Here, we review the current understanding of the multicellular cooperation to restore the intestinal epithelium after damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Peter J. Dempsey, PhD, Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1775 Aurora Court, Barbara Davis Center, M20–3306, Aurora, Colorado 80045. fax: (303) 724-6538.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhao L, Liang J, Chen F, Tang X, Liao L, Liu Q, Luo J, Du Z, Li Z, Luo W, Yang S, Rahimnejad S. High carbohydrate diet induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress, promoted inflammation and apoptosis, impaired intestinal barrier of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:308-317. [PMID: 34662728 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of feed carbohydrate content on intestinal physical barrier and immunity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish (4.1 ± 0.2 g) were fed low (LCD, 7%), medium (MCD, 12%) and high (HCD, 17%) carbohydrate diets for eight weeks. Gut histology revealed the slight infiltration of inflammatory cells and moderate loss of mucous membrane layer in HCD group. Expression of ZO1, occluding, and claudin7 genes and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene were significantly decreased in HCD group indicating the impairment of tight junction and epithelial cell regeneration. The results showed the significant (P < 0.05) reduction of antioxidant capacity in HCD group compared to LCD. Furthermore, expression of intestinal ERS-related genes such as IRE1, Eif2α, GRP78, CHOPα and CHOPβ in HCD group was significantly higher than the LCD group. In addition, HCD induced the up-regulated expression of inflammatory (IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα and COX2) and apoptosis (TRAF2, bax, casepase3, caspase8 and casepase9) related genes in fish intestine. The data generated in this study clearly demonstrated that HCD induced ERS and oxidative stress, which promoted intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in juvenile largemouth bass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ji Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Fukai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Na YR, Jung D, Stakenborg M, Jang H, Gu GJ, Jeong MR, Suh SY, Kim HJ, Kwon YH, Sung TS, Ryoo SB, Park KJ, Im JP, Park JY, Lee YS, Han H, Park B, Lee S, Kim D, Lee HS, Cleynen I, Matteoli G, Seok SH. Prostaglandin E 2 receptor PTGER4-expressing macrophages promote intestinal epithelial barrier regeneration upon inflammation. Gut 2021; 70:2249-2260. [PMID: 33558271 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunctional resolution of intestinal inflammation and altered mucosal healing are essential features in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal macrophages are vital in the process of inflammation resolution, but the mechanisms underlying their mucosal healing capacity remain elusive. DESIGN We investigated the role of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor PTGER4 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages in patients with IBD and mouse models of intestinal inflammation. We studied mucosal healing and intestinal epithelial barrier regeneration in Csf1r-iCre Ptger4fl/fl mice during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The effect of PTGER4+ macrophage secreted molecules was investigated on epithelial organoid differentiation. RESULTS Here, we describe a subset of PTGER4-expressing intestinal macrophages with mucosal healing properties both in humans and mice. Csf1r-iCre Ptger4fl/fl mice showed defective mucosal healing and epithelial barrier regeneration in a model of DSS colitis. Mechanistically, an increased mucosal level of PGE2 triggers chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) secretion in monocyte-derived PTGER4+ macrophages via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). CXCL1 drives epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation from regenerating crypts during colitis. Specific therapeutic targeting of macrophages with liposomes loaded with an MAPK agonist augmented the production of CXCL1 in vivo in conditional macrophage PTGER4-deficient mice, restoring their defective epithelial regeneration and favouring mucosal healing. CONCLUSION PTGER4+ intestinal macrophages are essential for supporting the intestinal stem cell niche and regeneration of the injured epithelium. Our results pave the way for the development of a new class of therapeutic targets to promote macrophage healing functions and favour remission in patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daun Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hyeri Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo Jeong Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Reu Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Suh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hey Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medical Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sik Sung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Ryoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Su Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Qian J, Lu J, Huang Y, Wang M, Chen B, Bao J, Wang L, Cui D, Luo B, Yan F. Periodontitis Salivary Microbiota Worsens Colitis. J Dent Res 2021; 101:559-568. [PMID: 34796773 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that periodontitis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, few studies have examined the role of swallowing and saliva in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. Saliva contains an enormous number of oral bacteria and is swallowed directly into the intestine. Here, we explored the influence of periodontitis salivary microbiota on colonic inflammation and possible mechanisms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The salivary microbiota was collected from healthy individuals and those with periodontitis and gavaged to C57BL/6 mice. Periodontitis colitis was induced by DSS for 5 d and ligature for 1 wk. The degree of colon inflammation was evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin staining, ELISA, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immune parameters were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. The gut microbiota and metabolome analyses were performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although no significant colitis-associated phenotypic changes were found under physiologic conditions, periodontitis salivary microbiota exacerbated colitis in a periodontitis colitis model after DSS induction. The immune response more closely resembled the pathology of ulcerative colitis, including aggravated macrophage M2 polarization and Th2 cell induction (T helper 2). Inflammatory bowel disease-associated microbiota, such as Blautia, Helicobacter, and Ruminococcus, were changed in DSS-induced colitis after periodontitis salivary microbiota gavage. Periodontitis salivary microbiota decreased unsaturated fatty acid levels and increased arachidonic acid metabolism in DSS-induced colitis, which was positively correlated with Aerococcus and Ruminococcus, suggesting the key role of these metabolic events and microbes in the exacerbating effect of periodontitis salivary microbiota on experimental colitis. Our study demonstrated that periodontitis contributes to the pathogenesis of colitis through the swallowing of salivary microbiota, confirming the role of periodontitis in systemic disease and providing new insights into the etiology of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Qian
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Lu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Wang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - B Chen
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Bao
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Cui
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - B Luo
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Yan
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Martín-Alonso M, Iqbal S, Vornewald PM, Lindholm HT, Damen MJ, Martínez F, Hoel S, Díez-Sánchez A, Altelaar M, Katajisto P, Arroyo AG, Oudhoff MJ. Smooth muscle-specific MMP17 (MT4-MMP) regulates the intestinal stem cell niche and regeneration after damage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6741. [PMID: 34795242 PMCID: PMC8602650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle is an essential component of the intestine, both to maintain its structure and produce peristaltic and segmentation movements. However, very little is known about other putative roles that smooth muscle cells may have. Here, we show that smooth muscle cells may be the dominant suppliers of BMP antagonists, which are niche factors essential for intestinal stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, muscle-derived factors render epithelium reparative and fetal-like, which includes heightened YAP activity. Mechanistically, we find that the membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase MMP17, which is exclusively expressed by smooth muscle cells, is required for intestinal epithelial repair after inflammation- or irradiation-induced injury. Furthermore, we propose that MMP17 affects intestinal epithelial reprogramming after damage indirectly by cleaving diffusible factor(s) such as the matricellular protein PERIOSTIN. Together, we identify an important signaling axis that establishes a role for smooth muscle cells as modulators of intestinal epithelial regeneration and the intestinal stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sharif Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirjam J Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sigrid Hoel
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ayo JO, Ogbuagu NE. Heat stress, haematology and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens: insight into impact and antioxidant-induced amelioration. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N. E. Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Han H, Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS. Diet-Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production to Modulate Intestinal Homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:455-478. [PMID: 34633858 PMCID: PMC8667662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide range of cellular functions in a ligand-, cell type-, species-, and context-specific manner. Dysregulation of AhR signaling is linked to many developmental defects and chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of AhR signaling in mediating bidirectional host-microbiome interactions. We also consider evidence showing the potential for the dietary/microbial enhancement ofhealth-promoting AhR ligands to improve clinical pathway management in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Liu CY, Cham CM, Chang EB. Epithelial wound healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: the next therapeutic frontier. Transl Res 2021; 236:35-51. [PMID: 34126257 PMCID: PMC8380699 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with one of the many chronic inflammatory disorders broadly classified as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now have a diverse set of immunomodulatory therapies at their disposal. Despite these recent medical advances, complete sustained remission of disease remains elusive for most patients. The full healing of the damaged intestinal mucosa is the primary goal of all therapies. Achieving this requires not just a reduction of the aberrant immunological response, but also wound healing of the epithelium. No currently approved therapy directly targets the epithelium. Epithelial repair is compromised in IBD and normally facilitates re-establishment of the homeostatic barrier between the host and the microbiome. In this review, we summarize the evidence that epithelial wound healing represents an important yet underdeveloped therapeutic modality for IBD. We highlight 3 general approaches that are promising for developing a new class of epithelium-targeted therapies: epithelial stem cells, cytokines, and microbiome engineering. We also provide a frank discussion of some of the challenges that must be overcome for epithelial repair to be therapeutically leveraged. A concerted approach by the field to develop new therapies targeting epithelial wound healing will offer patients a game-changing, complementary class of medications and could dramatically improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Cheng H, Huang H, Guo Z, Chang Y, Li Z. Role of prostaglandin E2 in tissue repair and regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8836-8854. [PMID: 34522214 PMCID: PMC8419039 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration following injury from disease or medical treatment still represents a challenge in regeneration medicine. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which involves diverse physiological processes via E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor family, favors the regeneration of various organ systems following injury for its capabilities such as activation of endogenous stem cells, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Understanding how PGE2 modulates tissue regeneration and then exploring how to elevate the regenerative efficiency of PGE2 will provide key insights into the tissue repair and regeneration processes by PGE2. In this review, we summarized the application of PGE2 to guide the regeneration of different tissues, including skin, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, bone, skeletal muscle, and hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Moreover, we introduced PGE2-based therapeutic strategies to accelerate the recovery of impaired tissue or organs, including 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors boosting endogenous PGE2 levels and biomaterial scaffolds to control PGE2 release.
Collapse
|
73
|
Bandara M, MacNaughton WK. Protease-activated receptor-2 activation enhances epithelial wound healing via epidermal growth factor receptor. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1968763. [PMID: 34511032 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1968763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier function relies on the presence of a single layer of epithelial cells. Barrier dysfunction is associated with the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Understanding the mechanisms involved in intestinal wound healing in order to sustain the barrier function has a great therapeutic potential. Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) induces COX-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells via EGFR transactivation. COX-2 is well known for its protective effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we hypothesized that PAR-2 activation induces a wound healing response in intestinal epithelial cells through COX-2-derived lipid mediators and EGFR transactivation. Immunofluorescence and calcium assay were used to characterize CMT-93 mouse colonic epithelial cell line for PAR2 expression and its activity, respectively. Treatment with PAR2 activating peptide 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2 (2fLI), but not by its inactive reverse-sequence peptide (2fO) enhanced wound closure in scratch wounded monolayers. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PD153035), broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (GM6001) and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PP2) inhibited PAR2-induced wound healing. However, PAR2 activation did not induce COX-2 expression in CMT-93 cells and inhibition of COX-2 by COX-2 selective inhibitor (NS-398) did not alter PAR2-induced wound healing. In conclusion, PAR2 activation drives wound healing in CMT-93 cells via EGFR transactivation. Matrix metalloproteinases and Src tyrosine kinase activity may involve in EGFR transactivation and PAR2-induced wound healing is independent of COX-2 activity. These findings provide a mechanism whereby PAR2 can participate in the resolution of intestinal wounds in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesha Bandara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Rajeev S, Sosnowski O, Li S, Allain T, Buret AG, McKay DM. Enteric Tuft Cells in Host-Parasite Interactions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091163. [PMID: 34578195 PMCID: PMC8467374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells gaining attention in the field of host-parasite interactions. Expressing a repertoire of chemosensing receptors and mediators, these cells have the potential to detect lumen-dwelling helminth and protozoan parasites and coordinate epithelial, immune, and neuronal cell defenses against them. This review highlights the versatility of enteric tuft cells and sub-types thereof, showcasing nuances of tuft cell responses to different parasites, with a focus on helminths reflecting the current state of the field. The role of enteric tuft cells in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal viral infection is assessed in the context of concomitant infection with parasites. Finally, the review presents pertinent questions germane to understanding the enteric tuft cell and its role in enteric parasitic infections. There is much to be done to fully elucidate the response of this intriguing cell type to parasitic-infection and there is negligible data on the biology of the human enteric tuft cell—a glaring gap in knowledge that must be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Rajeev
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Olivia Sosnowski
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuhua Li
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Thibault Allain
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - André G. Buret
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (S.R.); (S.L.)
- Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (O.S.); (T.A.); (A.G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-7362
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
He X, Smith SE, Chen S, Li H, Wu D, Meneses-Giles PI, Wang Y, Hembree M, Yi K, Zhao X, Guo F, Unruh JR, Maddera LE, Yu Z, Scott A, Perera A, Wang Y, Zhao C, Bae K, Box A, Haug JS, Tao F, Hu D, Hansen DM, Qian P, Saha S, Dixon D, Anant S, Zhang D, Lin EH, Sun W, Wiedemann LM, Li L. Tumor-initiating stem cell shapes its microenvironment into an immunosuppressive barrier and pro-tumorigenic niche. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109674. [PMID: 34496236 PMCID: PMC8451448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating stem cells (TSCs) are critical for drug resistance and immune escape. However, the mutual regulations between TSC and tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Using DNA-label retaining, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other approaches, we investigated intestinal adenoma in response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT), thus identifying therapy-resistant TSCs (TrTSCs). We find bidirectional crosstalk between TSCs and TME using CellPhoneDB analysis. An intriguing finding is that TSCs shape TME into a landscape that favors TSCs for immunosuppression and propagation. Using adenoma-organoid co-cultures, niche-cell depletion, and lineaging tracing, we characterize a functional role of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)-dependent signaling, predominantly occurring between tumor-associated monocytes and macrophages (TAMMs) and TrTSCs. We show that TAMMs promote TrTSC proliferation through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-PTGER4(EP4) signaling, which enhances β-catenin activity via AKT phosphorylation. Thus, our study shows that the bidirectional crosstalk between TrTSC and TME results in a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive contexture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Mark Hembree
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Kexi Yi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Allison Scott
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - KyeongMin Bae
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Haug
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Deqing Hu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Darrick M Hansen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Cancer Biology/Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dan Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology/Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA
| | - Edward H Lin
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Weijing Sun
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
| | - Leanne M Wiedemann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
Collapse
|
77
|
Oyesola OO, Tait Wojno ED. Prostaglandin regulation of type 2 inflammation: From basic biology to therapeutic interventions. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2399-2416. [PMID: 34396535 PMCID: PMC8843787 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is critical for the protective and repair responses that mediate resistance to parasitic helminth infection. This immune response also drives aberrant inflammation during atopic diseases. Prostaglandins are a class of critical lipid mediators that are released during type 2 inflammation and are integral in controlling the initiation, activation, maintenance, effector functions, and resolution of Type 2 inflammation. In this review, we explore the roles of the different prostaglandin family members and the receptors they bind to during allergen‐ and helminth‐induced Type 2 inflammation and the mechanism through which prostaglandins promote or suppress Type 2 inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of prostaglandins produced by helminth parasites in the regulation of host–pathogen interactions, and how prostaglandins may regulate the inverse relationship between helminth infection and allergy. Finally, we discuss opportunities to capitalize on our understanding of prostaglandin pathways to develop new therapeutic options for humans experiencing Type 2 inflammatory disorders that have a significant prostaglandin‐driven component including allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyebola O Oyesola
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98117, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98117, USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Gao L, Yu Q, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang T, Xiang J, Yu S, Zhang S, Wu H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Shen L, Shu G, Chen YG, Liu H, Shen L, Li B. A resident stromal cell population actively restrains innate immune response in the propagation phase of colitis pathogenesis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/603/eabb5071. [PMID: 34290057 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 0.3% of the global population, yet the etiology remains poorly understood. Anti-inflammation therapy has shown great success, but only 60% of patients with IBD benefit from it, indicating that new targets are needed. Here, we report the discovery of an intrinsic counter regulatory mechanism in colitis pathogenesis that may be targeted for IBD treatment. In response to microbial invasion, resident Vimentin+ stromal cells, connective tissue cells genetically marked by Twist2, are activated during the propagation phase of the disease, but not during initiation and resolution phases, and become a primary source of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 induction requires a nuclear factor κB-independent, TLR4-p38MAPK-Cox2 pathway activation. Ablation of each of the pathway genes, but not Rela or Tgfb1, in Twist2 cells enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and granulocyte/T helper 1 (TH1)/TH17 infiltration and aggravated colitis development. PGE2 administration ameliorated colitis in mouse models with defective PGE2 production but not in animals with normal PGE2 induction. Analysis of clinical samples and public domain data revealed increased expression of Cox2, the rate-limiting enzyme of PGE2 biosynthesis, in inflamed tissues, and especially in colon Vimentin+Twist2+ stromal cells, in about 60% of patients with active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Moreover, Cox2 protein expression was negatively correlated with disease severity, suggesting an involvement of stromal cells in IBD pathogenesis. Thus, the study uncovers an active immune pathway in colitic inflammation that may be targeted to treat patients with IBD with defects in PGE2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinnan Xiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuxiang Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Polese B, Thurairajah B, Zhang H, Soo CL, McMahon CA, Fontes G, Hussain SNA, Abadie V, King IL. Prostaglandin E 2 amplifies IL-17 production by γδ T cells during barrier inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109456. [PMID: 34320346 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing γδ (γδ17) T cells are innate-like lymphocytes that contribute to protective anti-microbial responses but are also implicated in pathogenic inflammation at barrier sites. Understanding tissue-specific signals that regulate this subset is important to boost host defense mechanisms, but also to mitigate immunopathology. Here, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a cyclooxygenase-dependent member of the eicosanoid family, directly enhances cytokine production by circulating and tissue-specific γδ17 T cells in vitro. Gain- and loss-of-function in vivo approaches further reveal that although provision of PGE2 amplifies psoriasiform inflammation, ablation of host mPGES1-dependent PGE2 synthesis is dispensable for cutaneous γδ17 T cell activation. By contrast, loss of endogenous PGE2 production or depletion of the gut microbiota compromises intestinal γδ17 T cell responses and increases disease severity during experimental colitis. Together, our results demonstrate how a lipid mediator can synergize with tissue-specific signals to enhance innate lymphocyte production of IL-17 during barrier inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bavanitha Thurairajah
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cindy Leung Soo
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Clara A McMahon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Valerie Abadie
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Kaneider
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Yang Q, Xue SL, Chan CJ, Rempfler M, Vischi D, Maurer-Gutierrez F, Hiiragi T, Hannezo E, Liberali P. Cell fate coordinates mechano-osmotic forces in intestinal crypt formation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:733-744. [PMID: 34155381 PMCID: PMC7611267 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids derived from single cells undergo complex crypt-villus patterning and morphogenesis. However, the nature and coordination of the underlying forces remains poorly characterized. Here, using light-sheet microscopy and large-scale imaging quantification, we demonstrate that crypt formation coincides with a stark reduction in lumen volume. We develop a 3D biophysical model to computationally screen different mechanical scenarios of crypt morphogenesis. Combining this with live-imaging data and multiple mechanical perturbations, we show that actomyosin-driven crypt apical contraction and villus basal tension work synergistically with lumen volume reduction to drive crypt morphogenesis, and demonstrate the existence of a critical point in differential tensions above which crypt morphology becomes robust to volume changes. Finally, we identified a sodium/glucose cotransporter that is specific to differentiated enterocytes that modulates lumen volume reduction through cell swelling in the villus region. Together, our study uncovers the cellular basis of how cell fate modulates osmotic and actomyosin forces to coordinate robust morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiutan Yang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Shi-Lei Xue
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Chii Jou Chan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rempfler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Vischi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Ouladan S, Gregorieff A. Taking a Step Back: Insights into the Mechanisms Regulating Gut Epithelial Dedifferentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137043. [PMID: 34208872 PMCID: PMC8268356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the environmental constraints imposed upon the intestinal epithelium, this tissue must perform essential functions such as nutrient absorption and hormonal regulation, while also acting as a critical barrier to the outside world. These functions depend on a variety of specialized cell types that are constantly renewed by a rapidly proliferating population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn. The niche components and signals regulating crypt morphogenesis and maintenance of homeostatic ISCs have been intensely studied over the last decades. Increasingly, however, researchers are turning their attention to unraveling the mechanisms driving gut epithelial regeneration due to physical damage or infection. It is now well established that injury to the gut barrier triggers major cell fate changes, demonstrating the highly plastic nature of the gut epithelium. In particular, lineage tracing and transcriptional profiling experiments have uncovered several injury-induced stem-cell populations and molecular markers of the regenerative state. Despite the progress achieved in recent years, several questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding the mechanisms driving dedifferentiation of the gut epithelium. In this review, we summarize the latest studies, primarily from murine models, that define the regenerative processes governing the gut epithelium and discuss areas that will require more in-depth investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaida Ouladan
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Reprogramming cellular identity during intestinal regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:40-47. [PMID: 34062491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is a vital organ mediating absorption of nutrients and water. Following tissue damage, the intestine mounts a remarkable regenerative response by reprogramming cellular identity to facilitate reinstatement of homeostasis. Here we review recent advances within intestinal regenerative biology and the emerging concept of fetal-like reprogramming, in which the adult intestinal epithelium transiently enters a repair-associated state reminiscent of ontologically pre-existing stages. We focus on molecular mechanisms governing reprogramming of cellular identity via epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk, and how novel approaches in organoid technologies enable identification and characterisation of cell-autonomous repair responses within epithelial cells. Transitioning from the single-cell level to tissue scale, we discuss clonal selection following regeneration and associated pathological repurcussions such as cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
84
|
Pochard C, Gonzales J, Bessard A, Mahe MM, Bourreille A, Cenac N, Jarry A, Coron E, Podevin J, Meurette G, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M. PGI 2 Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Permeability and Apoptosis to Alleviate Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1037-1060. [PMID: 33971327 PMCID: PMC8342971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that encompass both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are a major public health problem with an etiology that has not been fully elucidated. There is a need to improve disease outcomes and preventive measures by developing new effective and lasting treatments. Although polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, their contribution to IBD is yet to be understood. METHODS Polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolite profiles were established from biopsy samples obtained from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or control patients. The impact of a prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analog on intestinal epithelial permeability was tested in vitro using Caco-2 cells and ex vivo using human or mouse explants. In addition, mice were treated with PGI2 to observe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Tight junction protein expression, subcellular location, and apoptosis were measured in the different models by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS A significant reduction of PGI2 in IBD patient biopsies was identified. PGI2 treatment reduced colonic inflammation, increased occludin expression, decreased caspase-3 cleavage and intestinal permeability, and prevented colitis development in DSS-induced mice. Using colonic explants from mouse and human control subjects, the staurosporine-induced increase in paracellular permeability was prevented by PGI2. PGI2 also induced the membrane location of occludin and reduced the permeability observed in colonic biopsies from IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a PGI2 defect in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients and demonstrated its protective role during colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pochard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Gonzales
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Bessard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- UMR1220, IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | | | - Guillaume Meurette
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen T, Zeineldin M, Johnson BA, Dong Y, Narkar A, Li T, Zhu J, Li R, Larman TC. Colonic epithelial adaptation to EGFR-independent growth induces chromosomal instability and is accelerated by prior injury. Neoplasia 2021; 23:488-501. [PMID: 33906087 PMCID: PMC8099723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although much is known about the gene mutations required to drive colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, the tissue-specific selective microenvironments in which neoplasia arises remains less characterized. Here, we determined whether modulation of intestinal stem cell niche morphogens alone can exert a neoplasia-relevant selective pressure on normal colonic epithelium. Using adult stem cell-derived murine colonic epithelial organoids (colonoids), we employed a strategy of sustained withdrawal of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition to select for and expand survivors. EGFR-signaling-independent (iEGFR) colonoids emerged over rounds of selection and expansion. Colonoids derived from a mouse model of chronic mucosal injury showed an enhanced ability to adapt to EGFR inhibition. Whole-exome and transcriptomic analyses of iEGFR colonoids demonstrated acquisition of deleterious mutations and altered expression of genes implicated in EGF signaling, pyroptosis, and CRC. iEGFR colonoids acquired dysplasia-associated cytomorphologic changes, an increased proliferative rate, and the ability to survive independently of other required niche factors. These changes were accompanied by emergence of aneuploidy and chromosomal instability; further, the observed mitotic segregation errors were significantly associated with loss of interkinetic nuclear migration, a fundamental and dynamic process underlying intestinal epithelial homeostasis. This study provides key evidence that chromosomal instability and other phenotypes associated with neoplasia can be induced ex vivo via adaptation to EGF withdrawal in normal and stably euploid colonic epithelium, without introducing cancer-associated driver mutations. In addition, prior mucosal injury accelerates this evolutionary process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiane Chen
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maged Zeineldin
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Taibo Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA; Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatianna C Larman
- Department of Pathology, Division of GI/Liver Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
van der Post S, Birchenough GMH, Held JM. NOX1-dependent redox signaling potentiates colonic stem cell proliferation to adapt to the intestinal microbiota by linking EGFR and TLR activation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108949. [PMID: 33826887 PMCID: PMC10327654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The colon epithelium is a primary point of interaction with the microbiome and is regenerated by a few rapidly cycling colonic stem cells (CSCs). CSC self-renewal and proliferation are regulated by growth factors and the presence of bacteria. However, the molecular link connecting the diverse inputs that maintain CSC homeostasis remains largely unknown. We report that CSC proliferation is mediated by redox-dependent activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling via NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1). NOX1 expression is CSC specific and is restricted to proliferative CSCs. In the absence of NOX1, CSCs fail to generate ROS and have a reduced proliferation rate. NOX1 expression is regulated by Toll-like receptor activation in response to the microbiota and serves to link CSC proliferation with the presence of bacterial components in the crypt. The TLR-NOX1-EGFR axis is therefore a critical redox signaling node in CSCs facilitating the quiescent-proliferation transition and responds to the microbiome to maintain colon homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd van der Post
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George M H Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jason M Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Weis VG, Deal AC, Mekkey G, Clouse C, Gaffley M, Whitaker E, Peeler CB, Weis JA, Schwartz MZ, Atala A. Human placental-derived stem cell therapy ameliorates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G658-G674. [PMID: 33566727 PMCID: PMC8238163 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a life-threatening intestinal disease, is becoming a larger proportionate cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. To date, therapeutic options remain elusive. Based on recent cell therapy studies, we investigated the effect of a human placental-derived stem cell (hPSC) therapy on intestinal damage in an experimental NEC rat pup model. NEC was induced in newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups for 4 days via formula feeding, hypoxia, and LPS. NEC pups received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of either saline or hPSC (NEC-hPSC) at 32 and 56 h into NEC induction. At 4 days, intestinal macroscopic and histological damage, epithelial cell composition, and inflammatory marker expression of the ileum were assessed. Breastfed (BF) littermates were used as controls. NEC pups developed significant bowel dilation and fragility in the ileum. Further, NEC induced loss of normal villi-crypt morphology, disruption of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, and loss of critical progenitor/stem cell and Paneth cell populations in the crypt. hPSC treatment improved macroscopic intestinal health with reduced ileal dilation and fragility. Histologically, hPSC administration had a significant reparative effect on the villi-crypt morphology and epithelium. In addition to a trend of decreased inflammatory marker expression, hPSC-NEC pups had increased epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis when compared with NEC littermates. Further, the intestinal stem cell and crypt niche that include Paneth cells, SOX9+ cells, and LGR5+ stem cells were restored with hPSC therapy. Together, these data demonstrate hPSC can promote epithelial healing of NEC intestinal damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies demonstrate a human placental-derived stem cell (hPSC) therapeutic strategy for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In an experimental model of NEC, hPSC administration improved macroscopic intestinal health, ameliorated epithelial morphology, and supported the intestinal stem cell niche. Our data suggest that hPSC are a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate established intestinal NEC damage. Further, we show hPSC are a novel research tool that can be utilized to elucidate critical neonatal repair mechanisms to overcome NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Weis
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anna C Deal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gehad Mekkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Cara Clouse
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michaela Gaffley
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emily Whitaker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cole B Peeler
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jared A Weis
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marshall Z Schwartz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Jain U, Ver Heul AM, Xiong S, Gregory MH, Demers EG, Kern JT, Lai CW, Muegge BD, Barisas DAG, Leal-Ekman JS, Deepak P, Ciorba MA, Liu TC, Hogan DA, Debbas P, Braun J, McGovern DPB, Underhill DM, Stappenbeck TS. Debaryomyces is enriched in Crohn's disease intestinal tissue and impairs healing in mice. Science 2021; 371:1154-1159. [PMID: 33707263 PMCID: PMC10114606 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the mycobiota composition associated with Crohn's disease (CD) are challenging to link to defining elements of pathophysiology, such as poor injury repair. Using culture-dependent and -independent methods, we discovered that Debaryomyces hansenii preferentially localized to and was abundant within incompletely healed intestinal wounds of mice and inflamed mucosal tissues of CD human subjects. D. hansenii cultures from injured mice and inflamed CD tissues impaired colonic healing when introduced into injured conventionally raised or gnotobiotic mice. We reisolated D. hansenii from injured areas of these mice, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Mechanistically, D. hansenii impaired mucosal healing through the myeloid cell-specific type 1 interferon-CCL5 axis. Taken together, we have identified a fungus that inhabits inflamed CD tissue and can lead to dysregulated mucosal healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umang Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron M Ver Heul
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martin H Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elora G Demers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Justin T Kern
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brian D Muegge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Derek A G Barisas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J Steven Leal-Ekman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Parakkal Deepak
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Philip Debbas
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Chen JS, Alfajaro MM, Chow RD, Wei J, Filler RB, Eisenbarth SC, Wilen CB. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs dampen the cytokine and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00014-21. [PMID: 33441348 PMCID: PMC8092681 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00014-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying drugs that regulate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its symptoms has been a pressing area of investigation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are frequently used for the relief of pain and inflammation, could modulate both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the host response to the virus. NSAIDs inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which mediate the production of prostaglandins (PGs). As PGs play diverse biological roles in homeostasis and inflammatory responses, inhibiting PG production with NSAIDs could affect COVID-19 pathogenesis in multiple ways, including: (1) altering susceptibility to infection by modifying expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2; (2) regulating replication of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells; and (3) modulating the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigate these potential roles. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates COX-2 in diverse human cell culture and mouse systems. However, suppression of COX-2 by two commonly used NSAIDs, ibuprofen and meloxicam, had no effect on ACE2 expression, viral entry, or viral replication. In contrast, in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, NSAID treatment reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by reduced neutralizing antibody titers. Our findings indicate that NSAID treatment may influence COVID-19 outcomes by dampening the inflammatory response and production of protective antibodies rather than modifying susceptibility to infection or viral replication.ImportancePublic health officials have raised concerns about the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). NSAIDs inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are critical for the generation of prostaglandins - lipid molecules with diverse roles in homeostasis and inflammation. Inhibition of prostaglandin production by NSAIDs could therefore have multiple effects on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that NSAID treatment reduced both the antibody and pro-inflammatory cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ability of NSAIDs to modulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has important implications for COVID-19 pathogenesis in patients. Whether this occurs in humans and whether it is beneficial or detrimental to the host remains an important area of future investigation. This also raises the possibility that NSAIDs may alter the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan D Chow
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Heterospheroid formation improves therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in murine colitis through immunomodulation and epithelial regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120752. [PMID: 33730631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repairing capacity and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively utilized for treating various inflammatory disorders; however, inconsistent efficacy and therapeutic outcomes due to low survival rate after transplantation often restrain their clinical potential. To overcome these limitations, 3-dimensional culture (3D-culture) was established to augment stemness and paracrine functions of MSCs, although hypoxic stress at the core often leads to unexpected cell death. Thus, we designed a novel strategy to improve the microenvironment of MSCs by creating heterospheroids (HS) consisting of MSCs and quercetin (QUR)-loaded microspheres (MSCHS), to achieve local drug delivery to the cells. Notably, MSCHS exhibited resistance for senescence-associated phenotype and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis compared to 3D-cultured MSCs (MSC3D), as well as to 2D-cultured cells (MSC2D) in vitro. In a murine model of colitis, MSC3D and MSCHS exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory impact than MSC2Dvia attenuating neutrophil infiltration and regulating helper T cell (Th) polarization into Th1 and Th17 cells. Interestingly, MSCHS provided better therapeutic outcomes compared to MSC3D, partially due to their enhanced survival capacity in vivo. Moreover, we found that MSC-derived paracrine factor, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can directly drive the epithelial regeneration process by inducing specialized tissue-repairing cell generation using the intestinal organoid culture. Importantly, MSC3D and MSCHS displayed an outstanding regeneration-inducing potency compared to MSC2D owing to their superior PGE2 secretion. Taken together, we suggest a convergent strategy of MSCHS formation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, QUR, which can maximize the inflammation-attenuating and tissue-repairing capacity of MSCs, as well as the engraftment efficiency after transplantation.
Collapse
|
91
|
Somineni HK, Nagpal S, Venkateswaran S, Cutler DJ, Okou DT, Haritunians T, Simpson CL, Begum F, Datta LW, Quiros AJ, Seminerio J, Mengesha E, Alexander JS, Baldassano RN, Dudley-Brown S, Cross RK, Dassopoulos T, Denson LA, Dhere TA, Iskandar H, Dryden GW, Hou JK, Hussain SZ, Hyams JS, Isaacs KL, Kader H, Kappelman MD, Katz J, Kellermayer R, Kuemmerle JF, Lazarev M, Li E, Mannon P, Moulton DE, Newberry RD, Patel AS, Pekow J, Saeed SA, Valentine JF, Wang MH, McCauley JL, Abreu MT, Jester T, Molle-Rios Z, Palle S, Scherl EJ, Kwon J, Rioux JD, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Zwick ME, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Cho JH, Gibson G, McGovern DP, Brant SR, Kugathasan S. Whole-genome sequencing of African Americans implicates differential genetic architecture in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:431-445. [PMID: 33600772 PMCID: PMC8008495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not populations diverge with respect to the genetic contribution to risk of specific complex diseases is relevant to understanding the evolution of susceptibility and origins of health disparities. Here, we describe a large-scale whole-genome sequencing study of inflammatory bowel disease encompassing 1,774 affected individuals and 1,644 healthy control Americans with African ancestry (African Americans). Although no new loci for inflammatory bowel disease are discovered at genome-wide significance levels, we identify numerous instances of differential effect sizes in combination with divergent allele frequencies. For example, the major effect at PTGER4 fine maps to a single credible interval of 22 SNPs corresponding to one of four independent associations at the locus in European ancestry individuals but with an elevated odds ratio for Crohn disease in African Americans. A rare variant aggregate analysis implicates Ca2+-binding neuro-immunomodulator CALB2 in ulcerative colitis. Highly significant overall overlap of common variant risk for inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility between individuals with African and European ancestries was observed, with 41 of 241 previously known lead variants replicated and overall correlations in effect sizes of 0.68 for combined inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, subtle differences influence the performance of polygenic risk scores, and we show that ancestry-appropriate weights significantly improve polygenic prediction in the highest percentiles of risk. The median amount of variance explained per locus remains the same in African and European cohorts, providing evidence for compensation of effect sizes as allele frequencies diverge, as expected under a highly polygenic model of disease.
Collapse
|
92
|
Role of adenomatous polyposis coli in proliferation and differentiation of colon epithelial cells in organoid culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3980. [PMID: 33597597 PMCID: PMC7889860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor-suppressing protein whose inactivation triggers the formation of colorectal polyps. Numerous studies using cell lines or genetically engineered mice have revealed its role in suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we performed genetic analyses of APC using a three-dimensional organoid culture of mouse colon epithelia, which enables the detailed examination of epithelial properties. Analyses of Apc-knockout colon organoids not only confirmed the importance of APC in suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulating cell differentiation, but also revealed several novel features: a significant decrease in proliferating speed and an increase in cross-sectional area of cells. Moreover, we found a significant number of lysozyme-positive Paneth-like cells, which were never observed in wild-type colon tissues or organoids, but have been reported to emerge in colon cancers. Therefore, APC autonomously suppresses ectopic differentiation into lysozyme-positive cells, specifically in the colon epithelia. Colon organoids would be an ideal material to investigate the molecular mechanism and biological importance of the ectopic differentiation associated with cancer development.
Collapse
|
93
|
Garcia CK, Sheikh LH, Iwaniec JD, Robinson GP, Berlet RA, Mattingly AJ, Murray KO, Laitano O, Clanton TL. Effects of Ibuprofen during Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:1870-1878. [PMID: 32175974 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal injury is one of the most prominent features of organ damage in exertional heat stroke (EHS). However, whether damage to the intestine in this setting is exacerbated by ibuprofen (IBU), the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in exercising populations, is not well understood. PURPOSE We hypothesized that IBU would exacerbate intestinal injury, reduce exercise performance, and increase susceptibility to heat stroke. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we administered IBU via diet to male and female C57/BL6J mice, over 48 h before EHS. Susceptibility to EHS was determined by assessing exercise response using a forced running wheel, housed inside an environmental chamber at 37.5°C. Core temperature (Tc) was monitored by telemetry. Mice were allocated into four groups: exercise only (EXC); EHS + IBU; EXC + IBU; and EHS only. Exercise performance and Tc profiles were evaluated and stomachs, intestines and plasma were collected at 3 h post-EHS. RESULTS The EHS + IBU males ran approximately 87% longer when Tc was above 41°C (P < 0.03) and attained significantly higher peak Tc (P < 0.01) than EHS-only mice. Histological analyses showed decreased villi surface area throughout the small intestine for both sexes in the EXC + IBU group versus EXC only. Interestingly, though EHS in both sexes caused intestinal injury, in neither sex were there any additional effects of IBU. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in a preclinical mouse model of EHS, oral IBU at pharmacologically effective doses does not pose additional risks of heat stroke, does not reduce exercise performance, and does not contribute further to intestinal injury, though this could have been masked by significant gut injury induced by EHS alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Garcia
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Hageman JH, Heinz MC, Kretzschmar K, van der Vaart J, Clevers H, Snippert HJG. Intestinal Regeneration: Regulation by the Microenvironment. Dev Cell 2021; 54:435-446. [PMID: 32841594 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the intestinal stem cell niche can result from mechanical stress, infections, chronic inflammation or cytotoxic therapies. Progenitor cells can compensate for insults to the stem cell population through dedifferentiation. The microenvironment modulates this regenerative response by influencing the activity of signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, and YAP/TAZ. For instance, mesenchymal cells and immune cells become more abundant after damage and secrete signaling molecules that promote the regenerative process. Furthermore, regeneration is influenced by the nutritional state, microbiome, and extracellular matrix. Here, we review how all these components cooperate to restore epithelial homeostasis in the intestine after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris H Hageman
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Heinz
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Mildred-Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Wang J, Liu Y, Ding H, Shi X, Ren H. Mesenchymal stem cell-secreted prostaglandin E 2 ameliorates acute liver failure via attenuation of cell death and regulation of macrophage polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:15. [PMID: 33413632 PMCID: PMC7792134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is an acute inflammatory liver disease with high mortality. Previous preclinical and clinical trials have confirmed that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a promising therapeutic approach; however, the effect is not satisfied as the underlying molecular mechanisms of MSC in treating ALF remain unclear. METHODS MSC isolated from 4- to 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used to treat ALF. Histological and serological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of MSC. We explored the molecular mechanism of MSC in the treatment of ALF by detecting liver inflammatory response and hepatocyte death. RESULTS In this study, we found that the therapeutic potential of MSC on ALF is dependent on the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid. MSC-derived PGE2 inhibited TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in liver macrophages to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, macrophages in the liver could be induced to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by MSC-derived PGE2 via STAT6 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which then promote inflammatory resolution and limit liver injury. Finally, administrating EP4 antagonist significantly ameliorated the therapeutic ability of MSC, which promoted liver inflammation and decreased M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PGE2 might be a novel important mediator of MSC in treating ALF, which is through inhibiting the liver inflammatory response and hepatocyte death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Han H, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Chapkin RS. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in stem cells to improve the use of food as medicine. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 6:109-118. [PMID: 34395177 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Intestinal stem cells, the most rapidly proliferating adult stem cells, are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors. Uncontrolled regulation of intestinal stem cells is closely linked to colon tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how dietary and microbial derived cues regulate intestinal stem cell functionality and colon tumorigenesis in mouse models by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent findings AhR, a ligand activated transcription factor, can integrate environmental, dietary and microbial cues to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and their microenvironment, affecting colon cancer risk. Modulation of AhR activity is associated with many chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases where AhR expression is protective. Summary AhR signaling controls the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, influences local niche factors, and plays a protective role in colon tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that extrinsic nutritional/dietary cues which modulate AhR signaling may be a promising approach to colon cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Sprangers J, Zaalberg IC, Maurice MM. Organoid-based modeling of intestinal development, regeneration, and repair. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:95-107. [PMID: 33208888 PMCID: PMC7852609 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium harbors a remarkable adaptability to undergo injury-induced repair. A key part of the regenerative response is the transient reprogramming of epithelial cells into a fetal-like state, which drives uniform proliferation, tissue remodeling, and subsequent restoration of the homeostatic state. In this review, we discuss how Wnt and YAP signaling pathways control the intestinal repair response and the transitioning of cell states, in comparison with the process of intestinal development. Furthermore, we highlight how organoid-based applications have contributed to the characterization of the mechanistic principles and key players that guide these developmental and regenerative events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joep Sprangers
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene C Zaalberg
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Seo Y, Park SY, Kim HS, Nam JS. The Hippo-YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120560. [PMID: 33271948 PMCID: PMC7760694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (J.-S.N.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8231 (H.-S.K.); +82-62-715-2893 (J.-S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Bilotta AJ, Ma C, Yang W, Yu Y, Yu Y, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Yao S, Dann SM, Cong Y. Propionate Enhances Cell Speed and Persistence to Promote Intestinal Epithelial Turnover and Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1023-1044. [PMID: 33238220 PMCID: PMC7898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play crucial roles in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how SCFAs regulate epithelial turnover and tissue repair remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated how the SCFA propionate regulates cell migration to promote epithelial renewal and repair. METHODS Mouse small intestinal epithelial cells (MSIE) and human Caco-2 cells were used to determine the effects of SCFAs on gene expression, proliferation, migration, and cell spreading in vitro. Video microscopy and single cell tracking were used to assess cell migration kinetically. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea were used to assess the effects of SCFAs on migration in vivo. Lastly, an acute colitis model using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to examine the effects of SCFAs in vivo. RESULTS Using video microscopy and single cell tracking, we found that propionate promoted intestinal epithelial cell migration by enhancing cell spreading and polarization, which led to increases in both cell speed and persistence. This novel function of propionate was dependent on inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC) and GPR43 and required signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea in vivo, we found that propionate enhanced cell migration up the crypt-villus axis under homeostatic conditions, while also protecting against ulcer formation in experimental colitis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which propionate stimulates cell migration in an HDAC inhibition, GPR43, and STAT3 dependent manner, and suggest that propionate plays an important role in epithelial migration independent of proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Yingzi Cong, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.142C Medical Research Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-1019. fax: (409) 772-5065.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Kwon O, Han TS, Son MY. Intestinal Morphogenesis in Development, Regeneration, and Disease: The Potential Utility of Intestinal Organoids for Studying Compartmentalization of the Crypt-Villus Structure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593969. [PMID: 33195268 PMCID: PMC7644937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and structure of the intestinal epithelium are rearranged dynamically during development, tissue regeneration, and disease progression. The most important characteristic of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis is the repetitive compartmentalized structures of crypt-villus units, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and functions. Abnormal structures are known to be closely associated with disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding how intestinal crypt-villus structures are formed and grown is essential for elucidating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the intestinal epithelium. However, a critical knowledge gap in understanding the compartmentalization of the crypt-villus axis remains when using animal models, due to obvious inter-species differences and difficulty in real-time monitoring. Recently, emerging technologies such as organoid culture, lineage tracing, and single cell sequencing have enabled the assessment of the intrinsic mechanisms of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss the latest research on the regulatory factors and signaling pathways that play a central role in the formation, maintenance, and regeneration of crypt-villus structures in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we discuss how these factors and pathways play a role in development, tissue regeneration, and disease. We further explore how the current technology of three-dimensional intestinal organoids has contributed to the understanding of crypt-villus compartmentalization, highlighting new findings related to the self-organizing-process-driven initiation and propagation of crypt-villus structures. We also discuss intestinal diseases featuring abnormalities of the crypt-villus structure to provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal morphogenesis and crypt-villus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohman Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|