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Augusto-Oliveira M, Tremblay MÈ, Verkhratsky A. Receptors on Microglia. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:83-121. [PMID: 39207688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the most receptive cells in the central nervous system (CNS), expressing several classes of receptors reflecting their immune heritage and newly acquired neural specialisation. Microglia possess, depending on the particular context, receptors to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators as well as immunocompetent receptors. This rich complement allows microglial cells to monitor the functional status of the nervous system, contribute actively to the regulation of neural activity and plasticity and homeostasis, and guard against pathogens as well as other challenges to the CNS's integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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52
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Šimončičová E, Henderson Pekarik K, Vecchiarelli HA, Lauro C, Maggi L, Tremblay MÈ. Adult Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:221-242. [PMID: 39207695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Neural plasticity can be defined as the ability of neural circuits to be shaped by external and internal factors. It provides the brain with a capacity for functional and morphological remodelling, with many lines of evidence indicating that these changes are vital for learning and memory formation. The basis of this brain plasticity resides in activity- and experience-driven modifications of synaptic strength, including synaptic formation, elimination or weakening, as well as of modulation of neuronal population, which drive the structural reorganization of neural networks. Recent evidence indicates that brain-resident glial cells actively participate in these processes, suggesting that mechanisms underlying plasticity in the brain are multifaceted. Establishing the 'tripartite' synapse, the role of astrocytes in modulating synaptic transmission in response to neuronal activity was recognized first. Further redefinition of the synapse as 'quad-partite' followed to acknowledge the contribution of microglia which were revealed to affect numerous brain functions via dynamic interactions with synapses, acting as 'synaptic sensors' that respond to neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release, as well as crosstalk with astrocytes. Early studies identified microglial ability to dynamically survey their local brain environment and established their integral role in the active interfacing of environmental stimuli (both internal and external), with brain plasticity and remodelling. Following the introduction to neurogenesis, this chapter details the role that microglia play in regulating neurogenesis in adulthood, specifically as it relates to learning and memory, as well as factors involved in modulation of microglia. Further, a microglial perspective is introduced for the context of environmental enrichment impact on neurogenesis, learning and memory across states of stress, ageing, disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Šimončičová
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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53
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Shook LL, Batorsky RA, De Guzman RM, McCrea LT, Brigida SM, Horng JE, Sheridan SD, Kholod O, Cook AM, Li JZ, Goods BA, Perlis RH, Edlow AG. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.29.23300544. [PMID: 38234776 PMCID: PMC10793528 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.23300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus activates maternal and placental immune responses, which in the setting of other infections occurring during pregnancy are known to impact fetal brain development. The effects of maternal immune activation on neurodevelopment are mediated at least in part by fetal brain microglia. However, microglia are inaccessible for direct analysis, and there are no validated non-invasive surrogate models to evaluate in utero microglial priming and function. We have previously demonstrated shared transcriptional programs between microglia and Hofbauer cells (HBCs, or fetal placental macrophages) in mouse models. Here, we assessed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on HBCs isolated from term placentas using single-cell RNA-sequencing. We demonstrated that HBC subpopulations exhibit distinct cellular programs, with specific subpopulations differentially impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Assessment of differentially expressed genes implied impaired phagocytosis, a key function of both HBCs and microglia, in some subclusters. Leveraging previously validated models of microglial synaptic pruning, we showed that HBCs isolated from placentas of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies can be transdifferentiated into microglia-like cells, with altered morphology and impaired synaptic pruning behavior compared to HBC models from negative controls. These findings suggest that HBCs isolated at birth can be used to create personalized cellular models of offspring microglial programming.
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54
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Morton L, Arndt P, Garza AP, Henneicke S, Mattern H, Gonzalez M, Dityatev A, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Schreiber S, Dunay IR. Spatio-temporal dynamics of microglia phenotype in human and murine cSVD: impact of acute and chronic hypertensive states. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:204. [PMID: 38115109 PMCID: PMC10729582 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular risk factors such as chronic hypertension are well-established major modifiable factors for the development of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). In the present study, our focus was the investigation of cSVD-related phenotypic changes in microglia in human disease and in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP) model of cSVD. Our examination of cortical microglia in human post-mortem cSVD cortical tissue revealed distinct morphological microglial features specific to cSVD. We identified enlarged somata, an increase in the territory occupied by thickened microglial processes, and an expansion in the number of vascular-associated microglia. In parallel, we characterized microglia in a rodent model of hypertensive cSVD along different durations of arterial hypertension, i.e., early chronic and late chronic hypertension. Microglial somata were already enlarged in early hypertension. In contrast, at late-stage chronic hypertension, they further exhibited elongated branches, thickened processes, and a reduced ramification index, mirroring the findings in human cSVD. An unbiased multidimensional flow cytometric analysis revealed phenotypic heterogeneity among microglia cells within the hippocampus and cortex. At early-stage hypertension, hippocampal microglia exhibited upregulated CD11b/c, P2Y12R, CD200R, and CD86 surface expression. Detailed analysis of cell subpopulations revealed a unique microglial subset expressing CD11b/c, CD163, and CD86 exclusively in early hypertension. Notably, even at early-stage hypertension, microglia displayed a higher association with cerebral blood vessels. We identified several profound clusters of microglia expressing distinct marker profiles at late chronic hypertensive states. In summary, our findings demonstrate a higher vulnerability of the hippocampus, stage-specific microglial signatures based on morphological features, and cell surface protein expression in response to chronic arterial hypertension. These results indicate the diversity within microglia sub-populations and implicate the subtle involvement of microglia in cSVD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Morton
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Arndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alejandra P Garza
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Henneicke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mattern
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marilyn Gonzalez
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Ildiko R Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
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55
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Barclay KM, Abduljawad N, Cheng Z, Kim MW, Zhou L, Yang J, Rustenhoven J, Perez JM, Smyth L, Beatty W, Hou J, Saligrama N, Colonna M, Yu G, Kipnis J, Li Q. An inducible genetic tool for tracking and manipulating specific microglial states in development and disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569597. [PMID: 38106187 PMCID: PMC10723357 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed distinct microglial states in development and disease. These include proliferative region-associated microglia (PAM) in developing white matter and disease-associated microglia (DAM) prevalent in various neurodegenerative conditions. PAM and DAM share a similar core gene signature and other functional properties. However, the extent of the dynamism and plasticity of these microglial states, as well as their functional significance, remains elusive, partly due to the lack of specific tools. Here, we report the generation of an inducible Cre driver line, Clec7a-CreERT2, designed to target PAM and DAM in the brain parenchyma. Utilizing this tool, we profile labeled cells during development and in several disease models, uncovering convergence and context-dependent differences in PAM/DAM gene expression. Through long-term tracking, we demonstrate surprising levels of plasticity in these microglial states. Lastly, we specifically depleted DAM in cuprizone-induced demyelination, revealing their roles in disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia M. Barclay
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nora Abduljawad
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zuolin Cheng
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose Mazzitelli Perez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leon Smyth
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wandy Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - JinChao Hou
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Lead Contact
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56
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Wheeler S, Rai-Bhogal R, Crawford DA. Abnormal Microglial Density and Morphology in the Brain of Cyclooxygenase 2 Knockin Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 534:66-81. [PMID: 37863307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a signaling molecule produced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that is important in healthy brain development. Anomalies in the COX-2/PGE2 pathway due to genetic or environmental factors have been linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Our previous studies showed that COX-2 deficient (COX-2-KI) mice exhibit sex-dependent molecular changes in the brain and associated autism-related behaviors. Here, we aim to determine the effect of COX-2-KI on microglial density and morphology in the developing brain. Microglia normally transition between an amoeboid or ramified morphology depending on their surroundings and are important for the development of the healthy brain, assisting with synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and phagocytosis. We use COX-2-KI male and female mice to evaluate microglia density, morphology, and branch length and number in five brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus) at the gestational day 19 (G19) and postnatal day 25 (PN25). We discovered that COX2-KI females were affected at G19 with increased microglial density, altered percentage of amoeboid and ramified microglia, affected branch length, and decreased branching networks in a region-specific manner; these effects persisted to PN25 in select regions. Interestingly, while limited changes were found in G19 COX-2-KI males, at PN25 we found increased microglial density, higher percentages of ramified microglia, and increased branch counts, and length observed in nearly all brain regions tested. Overall, we show for the first time that the COX-2 deficiency in our ASD mouse model influences microglia morphology in a sex- and region- and stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wheeler
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Dorota A Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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57
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Réus GZ, Manosso LM, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF. Major depressive disorder as a neuro-immune disorder: Origin, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105425. [PMID: 37852343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding advances in understanding the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. An expanding body of evidence indicates a putative role for the inflammatory response. Several meta-analyses showed an increase in systemic peripheral inflammatory markers in individuals with MDD. Numerous conditions and circumstances in the modern world may promote chronic systemic inflammation through mechanisms, including alterations in the gut microbiota. Peripheral cytokines may reach the brain and contribute to neuroinflammation through cellular, humoral, and neural pathways. On the other hand, antidepressant drugs may decrease peripheral levels of inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory drugs and nutritional strategies that reduce inflammation also could improve depressive symptoms. The present study provides a critical review of recent advances in the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, this review discusses the role of glial cells and the main drivers of changes associated with neuroinflammation. Finally, we highlight possible novel neurotherapeutic targets for MDD that could exert antidepressant effects by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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58
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Rentsch P, Egan T, Kuriakose A, Stayte S, Vissel B. The ratio of M1 to M2 microglia in the striatum determines the severity of L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurochem 2023; 167:633-647. [PMID: 37916541 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
L-Dopa, while treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, can lead to debilitating L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias, limiting its use. To investigate the causative relationship between neuro-inflammation and dyskinesias, we assessed if striatal M1 and M2 microglia numbers correlated with dyskinesia severity and whether the anti-inflammatories, minocycline and indomethacin, reverse these numbers and mitigate against dyskinesia. In 6-OHDA lesioned mice, we used stereology to assess numbers of striatal M1 and M2 microglia populations in non-lesioned (naïve) and lesioned mice that either received no L-Dopa (PD), remained non-dyskinetic even after L-Dopa (non-LID) or became dyskinetic after L-Dopa treatment (LID). We also assessed the effect of minocycline/indomethacin treatment on striatal M1 and M2 microglia and its anti-dyskinetic potential via AIMs scoring. We report that L-Dopa treatment leading to LIDs exacerbates activated microglia numbers beyond that associated with the PD state; the severity of LIDs is strongly correlated to the ratio of the striatal M1 to M2 microglial numbers; in non-dyskinetic mice, there is no M1/M2 microglia ratio increase above that seen in PD mice; and reducing M1/M2 microglia ratio using anti-inflammatories is anti-dyskinetic. Parkinson's disease is associated with increased inflammation, but this is insufficient to underpin dyskinesia. Given that L-Dopa-treated non-LID mice show the same ratio of M1/M2 microglia as PD mice that received no L-Dopa, and, given minocycline/indomethacin reduces both the ratio of M1/M2 microglia and dyskinesia severity, our data suggest the increased microglial M1/M2 ratio that occurs following L-Dopa treatment is a contributing cause of dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Egan
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Kuriakose
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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59
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Vecchiarelli HA, Tremblay MÈ. Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Genet 2023; 57:65-86. [PMID: 37384734 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022223-093643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are primarily derived from the embryonic yolk sac and make their way to the CNS during early development. They play key physiological and immunological roles across the life span, throughout health, injury, and disease. Recent transcriptomic studies have identified gene transcript signatures expressed by microglia that may provide the foundation for unprecedented insights into their functions. Microglial gene expression signatures can help distinguish them from macrophage cell types to a reasonable degree of certainty, depending on the context. Microglial expression patterns further suggest a heterogeneous population comprised of many states that vary according to the spatiotemporal context. Microglial diversity is most pronounced during development, when extensive CNS remodeling takes place, and following disease or injury. A next step of importance for the field will be to identify the functional roles performed by these various microglial states, with the perspective of targeting them therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Vecchiarelli
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; ,
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; ,
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire and Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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du Chatinier A, Velilla IQ, Meel MH, Hoving EW, Hulleman E, Metselaar DS. Microglia in pediatric brain tumors: The missing link to successful immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101246. [PMID: 37924816 PMCID: PMC10694606 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. Despite the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for adult brain tumors, progress in pediatric neuro-oncology has been hindered by the complex and poorly understood nature of the brain's immune system during early development, a phase that is critical for the onset of many pediatric brain tumors. A defining characteristic of these tumors is the abundance of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. In this review, we explore the concept of microglial diversity across brain regions and throughout development and discuss how their maturation stage may contribute to tumor growth in children. We also summarize the current knowledge on the roles of microglia in common pediatric brain tumor entities and provide examples of myeloid-based immunotherapeutic strategies. Our review underscores the importance of microglial plasticity in pediatric brain tumors and its significance for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée du Chatinier
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Querol Velilla
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël Hananja Meel
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco Wieger Hoving
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Serge Metselaar
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Yang EJ, Frolinger T, Iqbal UH, Murrough J, Pasinetti GM. The Bioactive Dietary Polyphenol Preparation Alleviates Depression and Anxiety-Like Behaviors by Modulating the Regional Heterogeneity of Microglia Morphology. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300156. [PMID: 37439457 PMCID: PMC10787035 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP), which is made up of grape-derived polyphenols, on microglial responses, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in depression and anxiety-like behaviors. METHODS AND RESULTS The study finds that treatment with BDPP significantly decreases depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic stress in mice, while leaving their locomotor activity unaffected. The study also finds that BDPP treatment reverses microglia activation in the amygdala and hippocampal formation, regions of the brain involved in emotional regulation, from an amoeboid shape to ramified shape. Additionally, BDPP treatment modulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 via high mobility box 1 protein and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (HMGB1-RAGE) signaling pathway in activated microglia induced by chronic stress. CONCLUSION The findings suggest regional heterogeneity in microglial responses following chronic stress in subregions of the corticolimbic circuit. Specifically, activation of the immune-inflammatory HMGB1-RAGE pathway may provide a new avenue for preventing the manifestation of psychiatric impairments including stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, using bioactive and bioavailable polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tal Frolinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - James Murrough
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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González Ibáñez F, Halvorson T, Sharma K, McKee CG, Carrier M, Picard K, Vernoux N, Bisht K, Deslauriers J, Lalowski M, Tremblay MÈ. Ketogenic diet changes microglial morphology and the hippocampal lipidomic profile differently in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:383-406. [PMID: 37689276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress confers an increased risk for several diseases including psychiatric conditions. The susceptibility to psychological stress is modulated by various factors, many of them being modifiable lifestyle choices. The ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as a dietary regime that offers positive outcomes on mood and health status. Psychological stress and elevated inflammation are common features of neuropsychiatric disorders such as certain types of major depressive disorder. KD has been attributed anti-inflammatory properties that could underlie its beneficial consequences on the brain and behavior. Microglia are the main drivers of inflammation in the central nervous system. They are known to respond to both dietary changes and psychological stress, notably by modifying their production of cytokines and relationships among the brain parenchyma. To assess the interactions between KD and the stress response, including effects on microglia, we examined adult male mice on control diet (CD) versus KD that underwent 10 days of repeated social defeat (RSD) or remained non-stressed (controls; CTRLs). Through a social interaction test, stressed mice were classified as susceptible (SUS) or resistant (RES) to RSD. The mouse population fed a KD tended to have a higher proportion of individuals classified as RES following RSD. Microglial morphology and ultrastructure were then analyzed in the ventral hippocampus CA1, a brain region known to present structural alterations as a response to psychological stress. Distinct changes in microglial soma and arborization linked to the KD, SUS and RES phenotypes were revealed. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy showed a clear reduction of cellular stress markers in microglia from KD fed animals. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis showed that microglial contacts with synaptic elements were reduced in the SUS compared to the RES and CTRL groups. Hippocampal lipidomic analyses lastly identified a distinct lipid profile in SUS animals compared to CTRLs. These key differences, combined with the distinct microglial responses to diet and stress, indicate that unique metabolic changes may underlie the stress susceptibility phenotypes. Altogether, our results reveal novel mechanisms by which a KD might improve the resistance to psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Chloe Grace McKee
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Maciej Lalowski
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wang Y, Jia L, Wei M, Lyu J, Sheng M, Sun Y, Dong Z, Han W, Ren Y, Weng Y, Yu W. Circulating Exosomes Mediate Neurodegeneration Following Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Through Inducing Microglial Pyroptosis in the Developing Hippocampus. Transplantation 2023; 107:2364-2376. [PMID: 37291725 PMCID: PMC10593148 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor neurodevelopmental outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation seriously affect the long-term quality of life of recipients, in whom hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) is considered to play a pivotal role. However, the link between HIR and brain injury remains unclear. Because circulating exosomes are considered as the key mediators of information transmission over long distances, we aimed to assess the role of circulating exosomes in HIR-induced hippocampal injury in young rats. METHODS We administered exosomes extracted from the sera of HIR model rats to normal young rats via the tail vein. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological examination, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the role of exosomes in neuronal injury and activation of microglial pyroptosis in the developing hippocampus. Primary microglial cells were cocultured with exosomes to further assess the effect of exosomes on microglia. To further explore the potential mechanism, GW4869 or MCC950 was used to block exosome biogenesis or nod-like receptor family protein 3, respectively. RESULTS Serum-derived exosomes played a crucial role in linking HIR with neuronal degeneration in the developing hippocampus. Microglia were found to be the target cells of ischemia-reperfusion derived exosomes (I/R-exosomes). I/R-exosomes were taken up by microglia and promoted the occurrence of microglial pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the exosome-induced neuronal injury was alleviated by suppressing the occurrence of pyroptosis in the developing hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Microglial pyroptosis induced by circulating exosomes plays a vital role in developing hippocampal neuron injury during HIR in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wei
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingshu Lyu
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingwei Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonglan Dong
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinghui Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Ince LM, Darling JS, Sanchez K, Bell KS, Melbourne JK, Davis LK, Nixon K, Gaudet AD, Fonken LK. Sex differences in microglia function in aged rats underlie vulnerability to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:438-452. [PMID: 37709153 PMCID: PMC10790303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant shift in immune system reactivity ("inflammaging"), as basal inflammation increases but protective responses to infection are compromised. The immune system exhibits considerable sex differences, which may influence the process of inflammaging, including immune cell activation and behavioral consequences of immune signaling (i.e., impaired memory). Here, we test the hypothesis that sex differences in immune aging may mediate sex differences in cognitive decline. Aged male and female rats received peripheral immune stimulation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then molecular, cellular, and behavioral outcomes were assessed. We observed that LPS-treated aged male rats showed cognitive impairment and increased neuroinflammatory responses relative to adult males. In contrast, aged female rats did not display these aging-related deficits. Using transcriptomic and flow cytometry analyses, we further observed significant age- and sex- dependent changes in immune cell populations in the brain parenchyma and meninges, indicating a broad shift in the neuroinflammatory environment that may potentiate these behavioral effects. Ovariectomized aged female rats were also resistant to inflammation-induced memory deficits, indicating that ovarian hormones are not required for the attenuated neuroinflammation in aged females. Overall, our results indicate that males have amplified inflammatory priming with age, which contributes to age-associated cognitive decline. Our findings highlight sexual dimorphism in mechanisms of aging, and suggest that sex is a crucial consideration for identifying therapies for aging and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Ince
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Darling
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kevin Sanchez
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kiersten S Bell
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer K Melbourne
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lourdes K Davis
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Pan H, Yan C. Baicalein promotes the microglia M2 polarization and suppresses apoptosis by targeting HMOX1/PDE4D to alleviate Alzheimer's disease. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152761. [PMID: 38006681 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has quickly becoming one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases of this century. In the past twenty years, hundreds of drugs have been tested while only several have been authorized by FDA for AD treatment, hence, searching for candidate agent with therapeutic potential for AD is imminent. Controlling polarization direction of microglia is crucial in AD therapy. Recent research suggests that baicalein has potential to reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative diseases by affecting microglia, while the specific molecular mechanism of baicalein in regulating microglia in the treatment of AD is still unclear. In this study, we investigated how baicalein affected microglial polarization in AD and potential biological mechanisms. In cell experiments, it was verified that baicalein significantly shifted the BV-2 microglia phenotype from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, inhibited the microglial apoptosis and pro-inflammatory factors, promoted the microglial Aβ uptake and anti-inflammatory factors after LPS stimulated. In APP/PS1 mice, it was found that baicalein decreased the Aβ plaque deposition in brain, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and experiment validated that HMOX1 is a target of baicalein, and we elucidated that baicalein modulated the microglial polarization to inhibit neuroinflammation and neural injury through targeting on the HMOX1/PDE4D axis in AD. In conclusion, our findings indicate the therapeutic effect of baicalein for AD, and baicalein might serve a potential agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
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Chu CH, Chen JS, Chan YL, Lu WJ, Huang YT, Mao PC, Sze CI, Sun HS. TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23242. [PMID: 37801065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
TIAM Rac1-associated GEF 2 short form (TIAM2S) as an oncoprotein alters the immunity of peripheral immune cells to construct an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, its role in the activation of microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain, and neuroinflammation remains unknown. This study investigated the mechanism underlying TIAM2S shapes immune properties of microglia to facilitate neuron damage. Human microglial clone 3 cell line (HMC3) and human brain samples were applied to determine the presence of TIAM2S in microglia by western blots and double immunostaining. Furthermore, TIAM2S transgenic mice combined with multiple reconstituted primary neuron-glial culture systems and a cytokine array were performed to explore how TIAM2S shaped immune priming of microglia and participated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuron damage. TIAM2S protein was detectable in HMC3 cells and presented in a small portion (~11.1%) of microglia in human brains referred to as TIAM2S-positive microglia. With the property of secreted soluble factor-mediated immune priming, TIAM2S-positive microglia enhanced LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neural damage in vivo and in vitro. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) participated in neurotoxic immune priming of TIAM2S+ microglia. Together, this study demonstrated a novel TIAM2S-positive microglia subpopulation enhances inflammation and neurotoxicity through sICAM-1-mediated immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Lu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Cheng Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Xu X, Wang J, Chen G. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220712. [PMID: 37872969 PMCID: PMC10590615 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian cycle is a fundamental characteristic of life formed in the long-term evolution of organisms and plays an important role in maintaining the proliferation, migration, and activation of immune cells. Studies have shown that circadian rhythm disorders affect the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation by inducing glial cell activation and peripheral immune responses. In this article, we briefly described the research progress of neuroinflammation and circadian rhythm in recent years and explored the effects and possible mechanism of circadian rhythmicity on microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Xu
- College of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan430022, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan430022, China
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Li J, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Clustering with an Optimized Adaptive K-Nearest Neighbor Graph. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562261. [PMID: 37905097 PMCID: PMC10614787 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have been widely used to characterize cellular landscape in complex tissues. To understand cellular heterogeneity, one essential step is to define cell types through unsupervised clustering. While typical clustering methods have difficulty in identifying rare cell types, approaches specifically tailored to detect rare cell types gain their ability at the cost of poorer performance for grouping abundant ones. Here, we developed aKNNO, a method to identify abundant and rare cell types simultaneously based on an adaptive k-nearest neighbor graph with optimization. Benchmarked on 38 simulated and 20 single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets, aKNNO identified both abundant and rare cell types accurately. Without sacrificing performance for clustering abundant cell types, aKNNO discovered known and novel rare cell types that those typical and even specifically tailored methods failed to detect. aKNNO, using transcriptome alone, stereotyped fine-grained anatomical structures more precisely than those integrative approaches combining expression with spatial locations and histology image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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69
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Bobotis BC, Braniff O, Gargus M, Akinluyi ET, Awogbindin IO, Tremblay MÈ. Sex differences of microglia in the healthy brain from embryonic development to adulthood and across lifestyle influences. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110752. [PMID: 37652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive range of functions and characteristics that help to ensure proper functioning of the brain. Notably, microglia can present differences in their genetic and physical traits, which can be influenced by a range of factors, including age, environmental exposures, disease, and sex. Remarkably, microglia have been found to express receptors for sex hormones, suggesting that these hormones may play a role in modulating microglial behavior and potentially contribute to sex differences. Additionally, sex-chromosomal factors were shown to impact microglial genetics and functioning. In this review, we will examine how microglial responses in homeostasis are impacted by their interaction with sex hormones and sex chromosomes. Specifically, our investigation will focus on examining this interaction from embryonic development to adulthood, and the influence of lifestyle elements on various microglial features, including density and distribution, morphology, transcriptome, and proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Makenna Gargus
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Oluleke Awogbindin
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroimmunology Group, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Branchi I, Haarman BCM, Terada T, Kang MS, Boche D, Tremblay ME, Leroy C, Bottlaender M, Ottoy J. TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:415-431. [PMID: 37543251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is increasingly recognized as a molecular target for PET imaging of inflammatory responses in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the reported sensitivity and specificity of TSPO PET to identify brain inflammatory processes appears to vary greatly across disorders, disease stages, and applied quantification methods. To advance TSPO PET as a potential biomarker to evaluate brain inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapies, a better understanding of its applicability across disorders is needed. We conducted a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of all in vivo human TSPO PET imaging case-control studies in the CNS. Specifically, we investigated the direction, strength, and heterogeneity associated with the TSPO PET signal across disorders in pre-specified brain regions, and explored the demographic and methodological sources of heterogeneity. METHODS We searched for English peer-reviewed articles that reported in vivo human case-control TSPO PET differences. We extracted the demographic details, TSPO PET outcomes, and technical variables of the PET procedure. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to estimate case-control standardized mean differences (SMD) of the TSPO PET signal in the lobar/whole-brain cortical grey matter (cGM), thalamus, and cortico-limbic circuitry between different illness categories. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic and explored using subgroup and meta-regression analyses for radioligand generation, PET quantification method, age, sex, and publication year. Significance was set at the False Discovery Rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS 156 individual case-control studies were included in the systematic review, incorporating data for 2381 healthy controls and 2626 patients. 139 studies documented meta-analysable data and were grouped into 11 illness categories. Across all the illness categories, we observed a significantly higher TSPO PET signal in cases compared to controls for the cGM (n = 121 studies, SMD = 0.358, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 68%), with a significant difference between the illness categories (P = 0.004). cGM increases were only significant for Alzheimer's disease (SMD = 0.693, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 64%) and other neurodegenerative disorders (SMD = 0.929, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 73%). Cortico-limbic increases (n = 97 studies, SMD = 0.541, P < 0.001, I2 = 67%) were most prominent for Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, other neurodegenerative disorders, mood disorders and multiple sclerosis. Thalamic involvement (n = 79 studies, SMD = 0.393, P < 0.001, I2 = 71%) was observed for Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, and chronic pain and functional disorders (all PFDR < 0.05). Main outcomes for systemic immunological disorders, viral infections, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury were not significant. We identified multiple sources of between-study variance to the TSPO PET signal including a strong transdiagnostic effect of the quantification method (explaining 25% of between-study variance; VT-based SMD = 0.000 versus reference tissue-based studies SMD = 0.630; F = 20.49, df = 1;103, P < 0.001), patient age (9% of variance), and radioligand generation (5% of variance). CONCLUSION This study is the first overarching transdiagnostic meta-analysis of case-control TSPO PET findings in humans across several brain regions. We observed robust increases in the TSPO signal for specific types of disorders, which were widespread or focal depending on illness category. We also found a large and transdiagnostic horizontal (positive) shift of the effect estimates of reference tissue-based compared to VT-based studies. Our results can support future studies to optimize experimental design and power calculations, by taking into account the type of disorder, brain region-of-interest, radioligand, and quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Min Su Kang
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UNIACT, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Ottoy
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yonemoto K, Fujii F, Taira R, Ohgidani M, Eguchi K, Okuzono S, Ichimiya Y, Sonoda Y, Chong PF, Goto H, Kanemasa H, Motomura Y, Ishimura M, Koga Y, Tsujimura K, Hashiguchi T, Torisu H, Kira R, Kato TA, Sakai Y, Ohga S. Heterogeneity and mitochondrial vulnerability configurate the divergent immunoreactivity of human induced microglia-like cells. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109756. [PMID: 37678717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play versatile roles in progression of and protection against neuroinflammatory diseases. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms underlying the diverse reactivity of microglia to inflammatory conditions. We investigated how human induced microglia-like (iMG) cells respond to innate immune ligands. Quantitative PCR showed that poly-I:C and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated the expression of IL1B and TNF. Immunoreactivity of iMG did not differ between controls (n = 11) and patients with neuroinflammatory diseases (n = 24). Flow cytometry revealed that CD14high cells expressed interleukin (IL) -1β after LPS treatment. Immunoblotting showed that poly-I:C and LPS differentially activated inflammatory pathways but commonly induced mitochondrial instability and the expression of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2). Furthermore, a potent stimulator of PKM2 (DASA-58) alleviated IL-1β production after LPS treatment. These data indicate that heterogeneous cell populations and mitochondrial stability underlie the divergent immunoreactivity of human iMG in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Yonemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ichimiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Pin Fee Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironori Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kanemasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Motomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhki Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan; Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Torisu
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Mukherjee S, Tarale P, Sarkar DK. Neuroimmune Interactions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Intervention Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2323. [PMID: 37759545 PMCID: PMC10528917 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of abnormalities caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol and are characterized by developmental defects in the brain that lead to various overt and non-overt physiological abnormalities. Growing evidence suggests that in utero alcohol exposure induces functional and structural abnormalities in gliogenesis and neuron-glia interactions, suggesting a possible role of glial cell pathologies in the development of FASD. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions that lead to the development of FASD are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss glial cell pathologies with a particular emphasis on microglia, primary resident immune cells in the brain. Additionally, we examine the involvement of several neuroimmune molecules released by glial cells, their signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for FASD-related alteration in brain functions. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication between cells via transporting bioactive cargo from one cell to the other. This review emphasizes the role of EVs in the context of neuron-glia interactions during prenatal alcohol exposure. Finally, some potential applications involving nutritional, pharmacological, cell-based, and exosome-based therapies in the treatment of FASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
- Hormone Laboratory Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Prashant Tarale
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Dipak K. Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
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Gruchot J, Lewen I, Dietrich M, Reiche L, Sindi M, Hecker C, Herrero F, Charvet B, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Hartung HP, Albrecht P, Perron H, Meyer U, Küry P. Transgenic expression of the HERV-W envelope protein leads to polarized glial cell populations and a neurodegenerative environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308187120. [PMID: 37695891 PMCID: PMC10515160 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308187120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) has been identified and repeatedly confirmed as human-specific pathogenic entity affecting many cell types in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our recent contributions revealed the encoded envelope (ENV) protein to disturb myelin repair by interfering with oligodendroglial precursor differentiation and by polarizing microglial cells toward an axon-damage phenotype. Indirect proof of ENV's antiregenerative and degenerative activities has been gathered recently in clinical trials using a neutralizing anti-ENV therapeutic antibody. Yet direct proof of its mode of action can only be presented here based on transgenic ENV expression in mice. Upon demyelination, we observed myelin repair deficits, neurotoxic microglia and astroglia, and increased axon degeneration. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis activity progressed faster in mutant mice equally accompanied by activated glial cells. This study therefore provides direct evidence on HERV-W ENV's contribution to the overall negative impact of this activated viral entity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gruchot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabel Lewen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Sindi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felisa Herrero
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, CH-8057Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, CH-8057Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, CH-8057Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, NSW 2050Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc, 77146Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, CH-8057Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, CH-8057Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, CH-3010Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Park YS, Kim IB. A Distinct Microglial Cell Population Expressing Both CD86 and CD206 Constitutes a Dominant Type and Executes Phagocytosis in Two Mouse Models of Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14236. [PMID: 37762541 PMCID: PMC10532260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are the key regulators of inflammation during retinal degeneration (RD) and are conventionally classified as M1 or M2. However, whether the M1/M2 classification exactly reflects the functional classification of microglial cells in the retina remains debatable. We examined the spatiotemporal changes of microglial cells in the blue-LED and NaIO3-induced RD mice models using M1/M2 markers and functional genes. TUNEL assay was performed to detect photoreceptor cell death, and microglial cells were labeled with anti-IBA1, P2RY12, CD86, and CD206 antibodies. FACS was used to isolate microglial cells with anti-CD206 and CD86 antibodies, and qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate Il-10, Il-6, Trem-2, Apoe, and Lyz2 expression. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) from 24 h to 72 h post-RD induction. At 24 h, P2RY12 was decreased and CD86 was increased, and CD86/CD206 double-labeled cells occupied the dominant population at 72 h. And CD86/CD206 double-labeled cells showed a significant increase in Apoe, Trem2, and Lyz2 levels but not in those of Il-6 and Il-10. Our results demonstrate that microglial cells in active RD cannot be classified as M1 or M2, and the majority of microglia express both CD86 and CD206, which are involved in phagocytosis rather than inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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González Ibáñez F, Halvorson T, Sharma K, McKee C, Carrier M, Picard K, Vernoux N, Bisht K, Deslauriers J, Lalowski M, Tremblay MÈ. Ketogenic diet alters microglial morphology and changes the hippocampal lipidomic profile distinctively in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555135. [PMID: 37693370 PMCID: PMC10491121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress confers an increased risk for several diseases including psychiatric conditions. The susceptibility to psychological stress is modulated by various factors, many of them being modifiable lifestyle choices. The ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as a dietary regime that offers positive outcomes on mood and health status. Psychological stress and elevated inflammation are common features of neuropsychiatric disorders such as certain types of major depressive disorder. KD has been attributed anti-inflammatory properties that could underlie its beneficial consequences on the brain and behavior. Microglia are the main drivers of inflammation in the central nervous system. They are known to respond to both dietary changes and psychological stress, notably by modifying their production of cytokines and relationships among the brain parenchyma. To assess the interactions between KD and the stress response, including effects on microglia, we examined adult male mice on control diet (CD) versus KD that underwent 10 days of repeated social defeat (RSD) or remained non-stressed (controls; CTRLs). Through a social interaction test, stressed mice were classified as susceptible (SUS) or resistant (RES) to RSD. The mouse population fed a KD tended to have a higher proportion of individuals classified as RES following RSD. Microglial morphology and ultrastructure were then analyzed in the ventral hippocampus CA1, a brain region known to present structural alterations as a response to psychological stress. Distinct changes in microglial soma and arborization linked to the KD, SUS and RES phenotypes were revealed. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy showed a clear reduction of cellular stress markers in microglia from KD fed animals. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis showed that microglial contacts with synaptic elements were reduced in the SUS compared to the RES and CTRL groups. Hippocampal lipidomic analyses lastly identified a distinct lipid profile in SUS animals compared to CTRLs. These key differences, combined with the distinct microglial responses to diet and stress, indicate that unique metabolic changes may underlie the stress susceptibility phenotypes. Altogether, our results reveal novel mechanisms by which a KD might improve the resistance to psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Chloe McKee
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Maciej Lalowski
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Biochemistry/Developmental Biology, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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78
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Yu X, Li D, Liu N, Xue X, Fu J. Periventricular Microglia Polarization and Morphological Changes Accompany NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Damage in Premature Rats. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5149306. [PMID: 37636861 PMCID: PMC10460280 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter damage (WMD) is a primary cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in preterm infants, and no effective treatments are available. Microglia are a major component of the innate immune system. When activated, they form typical pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes and regulate myelin development and synapse formation. Therefore, they may play a pivotal role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) WMD. Herein, we investigated neural inflammation and long-term microglia phenotypic polarization in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced WMD and elucidated the underlying pathophysiological processes. We exposed 3-day-old (P3) Sprague-Dawley rats to hypoxia (8% oxygen) for 2.5 hr after unilateral common carotid artery ligation. The activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies, microglia M1/M2 polarization, myelination, and synaptic development in our model were monitored 7, 14, and 21 days after birth. In addition, the Morris water maze test was performed on postnatal Day 28. We confirmed myelination disturbance in the periventricular white matter, abnormal synaptic development, and behavioral changes in the periventricular area during the development of HI WMD. In addition, we found an association between the occurrence and development of HI WMD and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, microglial M1/M2 polarization, and the release of inflammatory factors. NLRP3 inhibition can play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the differentiation of microglia into the M1 phenotype, thereby improving myelination and synapse formation. In conclusion, microglia are key mediators of the inflammatory response and exhibit continuous phenotypic polarization 7-21 days after HI-induced WMD. This finding can potentially lead to a new treatment regimen targeting the phenotypic polarization of microglia early after HI-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
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79
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Thammahakin P, Maezono K, Maekawa N, Kariwa H, Kobayashi S. Detection of disease-associated microglia among various microglia phenotypes induced by West Nile virus infection in mice. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:367-375. [PMID: 37552415 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a significant cause of viral encephalitis in humans and horses. However, the pathogenesis of the West Nile encephalitis remains unclear. Microglia are activated by WNV infection, and the pathogenic involvement of their phenotypes is controversial. In this study, we examined the diversity of microglia phenotypes caused by WNV infection by assessing various microglia markers and identified disease-associated microglia in WNV-infected mouse brain tissue. Cells positive for general microglia markers such as Iba1, P2RY12, or TMEM119 were detected in the control and WNV-infected brain tissue. The morphology of the positive cells in brain tissue infected by WNV was different from that of control brain tissue, indicating that WNV infection induced activation of microglia. The activated microglia were classified into various phenotypes by investigation of specific marker expression. Among the activated microglia, disease-associated microglia that were positive for CD11c and weakly positive for TMEM119 were detected close to the WNV-infected cells. These results indicate that WNV infection induces activation of diverse microglia phenotypes and that disease-associated microglia may be associated with the pathogenicity of WNV infection in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passawat Thammahakin
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maezono
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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80
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Noh MY, Kwon MS, Oh KW, Nahm M, Park J, Kim YE, Ki CS, Jin HK, Bae JS, Kim SH. Role of NCKAP1 in the Defective Phagocytic Function of Microglia-Like Cells Derived from Rapidly Progressing Sporadic ALS. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4761-4777. [PMID: 37154887 PMCID: PMC10293423 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microglia plays a key role in determining the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet their precise role in ALS has not been identified in humans. This study aimed to identify a key factor related to the functional characteristics of microglia in rapidly progressing sporadic ALS patients using the induced microglia model, although it is not identical to brain resident microglia. After confirming that microglia-like cells (iMGs) induced by human monocytes could recapitulate the main signatures of brain microglia, step-by-step comparative studies were conducted to delineate functional differences using iMGs from patients with slowly progressive ALS [ALS(S), n = 14] versus rapidly progressive ALS [ALS(R), n = 15]. Despite an absence of significant differences in the expression of microglial homeostatic genes, ALS(R)-iMGs preferentially showed defective phagocytosis and an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response to LPS stimuli compared to ALS(S)-iMGs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the perturbed phagocytosis seen in ALS(R)-iMGs was closely associated with decreased NCKAP1 (NCK-associated protein 1)-mediated abnormal actin polymerization. NCKAP1 overexpression was sufficient to rescue impaired phagocytosis in ALS(R)-iMGs. Post-hoc analysis indicated that decreased NCKAP1 expression in iMGs was correlated with the progression of ALS. Our data suggest that microglial NCKAP1 may be an alternative therapeutic target in rapidly progressive sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo, Gyeonggi-Do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- GC Genome Corporation, Yongin, 16924 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- KNU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- KNU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Wangsimniro 222-1, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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81
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Tribble JR, Hui F, Quintero H, El Hajji S, Bell K, Di Polo A, Williams PA. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Mechanisms beyond intraocular pressure lowering. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101193. [PMID: 37331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness and affects ∼80 million people worldwide with many more undiagnosed. The major risk factors for glaucoma are genetics, age, and elevated intraocular pressure. Current strategies only target intraocular pressure management and do not directly target the neurodegenerative processes occurring at the level of the retinal ganglion cell. Despite strategies to manage intraocular pressure, as many as 40% of glaucoma patients progress to blindness in at least one eye during their lifetime. As such, neuroprotective strategies that target the retinal ganglion cell and these neurodegenerative processes directly are of great therapeutic need. This review will cover the recent advances from basic biology to on-going clinical trials for neuroprotection in glaucoma covering degenerative mechanisms, metabolism, insulin signaling, mTOR, axon transport, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. With an increased understanding of both the basic and clinical mechanisms of the disease, we are closer than ever to a neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Hui
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sana El Hajji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Katharina Bell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Eye ACP Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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82
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Sinner P, Peckert-Maier K, Mohammadian H, Kuhnt C, Draßner C, Panagiotakopoulou V, Rauber S, Linnerbauer M, Haimon Z, Royzman D, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Ramming A, Steinkasserer A, Wild AB. Microglial expression of CD83 governs cellular activation and restrains neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4601. [PMID: 37528070 PMCID: PMC10394088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation during neuroinflammation is crucial for coordinating the immune response against neuronal tissue, and the initial response of microglia determines the severity of neuro-inflammatory diseases. The CD83 molecule has been recently shown to modulate the activation status of dendritic cells and macrophages. Although the expression of CD83 is associated with early microglia activation in various disease settings, its functional relevance for microglial biology has been elusive. Here, we describe a thorough assessment of CD83 regulation in microglia and show that CD83 expression in murine microglia is not only associated with cellular activation but also with pro-resolving functions. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we reveal that conditional deletion of CD83 results in an over-activated state during neuroinflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Subsequently, CD83-deficient microglia recruit more pathogenic immune cells to the central nervous system, deteriorating resolving mechanisms and exacerbating the disease. Thus, CD83 in murine microglia orchestrates cellular activation and, consequently, also the resolution of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Sinner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hashem Mohammadian
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Kuhnt
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Draßner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Department of Neurology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhana Haimon
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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83
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Donato L, Mordà D, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. How Many Alzheimer-Perusini's Atypical Forms Do We Still Have to Discover? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2035. [PMID: 37509674 PMCID: PMC10377159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer-Perusini's (AD) disease represents the most spread dementia around the world and constitutes a serious problem for public health. It was first described by the two physicians from whom it took its name. Nowadays, we have extensively expanded our knowledge about this disease. Starting from a merely clinical and histopathologic description, we have now reached better molecular comprehension. For instance, we passed from an old conceptualization of the disease based on plaques and tangles to a more modern vision of mixed proteinopathy in a one-to-one relationship with an alteration of specific glial and neuronal phenotypes. However, no disease-modifying therapies are yet available. It is likely that the only way to find a few "magic bullets" is to deepen this aspect more and more until we are able to draw up specific molecular profiles for single AD cases. This review reports the most recent classifications of AD atypical variants in order to summarize all the clinical evidence using several discrimina (for example, post mortem neurofibrillary tangle density, cerebral atrophy, or FDG-PET studies). The better defined four atypical forms are posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (LvPPA), behavioral/dysexecutive variant and AD with corticobasal degeneration (CBS). Moreover, we discuss the usefulness of such classifications before outlining the molecular-genetic aspects focusing on microglial activity or, more generally, immune system control of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
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84
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Prater KE, Green KJ, Mamde S, Sun W, Cochoit A, Smith CL, Chiou KL, Heath L, Rose SE, Wiley J, Keene CD, Kwon RY, Snyder-Mackler N, Blue EE, Logsdon B, Young JE, Shojaie A, Garden GA, Jayadev S. Human microglia show unique transcriptional changes in Alzheimer's disease. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:894-907. [PMID: 37248328 PMCID: PMC10353942 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and are potential therapeutic targets. However, microglia exhibit diverse functions, the regulation of which is not fully understood, complicating therapeutics development. To better define the transcriptomic phenotypes and gene regulatory networks associated with AD, we enriched for microglia nuclei from 12 AD and 10 control human dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (7 males and 15 females, all aged >60 years) before single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Here we describe both established and previously unrecognized microglial molecular phenotypes, the inferred gene networks driving observed transcriptomic change, and apply trajectory analysis to reveal the putative relationships between microglial phenotypes. We identify microglial phenotypes more prevalent in AD cases compared with controls. Further, we describe the heterogeneity in microglia subclusters expressing homeostatic markers. Our study demonstrates that deep profiling of microglia in human AD brain can provide insight into microglial transcriptional changes associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J Green
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sainath Mamde
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Biostatistics Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Carole L Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin Logsdon
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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85
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Yu T, Kuang H, Wu X, Huang Y, Wang J, Wen Z. Cell competition for neuron-derived trophic factor controls the turnover and lifespan of microglia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9790. [PMID: 37327343 PMCID: PMC10275588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages capable of long-term maintenance through self-renewal. Yet the mechanism governing the turnover and lifespan of microglia remains unknown. In zebrafish, microglia arise from two sources, rostral blood island (RBI) and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). The RBI-derived microglia are born early but have a short lifespan and diminish in adulthood, while the AGM-derived microglia emerge later and are capable of long-term maintenance in adulthood. Here, we show that the attenuation of RBI microglia is due to their less competitiveness for neuron-derived interleukin-34 (Il34) caused by age-dependent decline of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor a (csf1ra). Alterations of Il34/Csf1ra levels and removal of AGM microglia revamp the proportion and lifespan of RBI microglia. The csf1ra/CSF1R expression in zebrafish AGM-derived microglia and murine adult microglia also undergo age-dependent decline, leading to the elimination of aged microglia. Our study reveals cell competition as a general mechanism controlling the turnover and lifespan of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haoyue Kuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xiaohai Wu
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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86
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Alonso Bellido IM, Posada-Pérez M, Hernández-Rasco F, Vázquez-Reyes S, Cabanillas M, Herrera AJ, Bachiller S, Soldán-Hidalgo J, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Joseph B, de Pablos RM, Venero JL, Ruiz R. Microglial Caspase-3 is essential for modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2023:S0889-1591(23)00157-5. [PMID: 37327833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a process involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Many researchers have described microglia as a key component in regulating the formation and migration of new neurons along the rostral migratory stream. Caspase-3 is a cysteine-aspartate-protease classically considered as one of the main effector caspases in the cell death program process. In addition to this classical function, we have identified the role of this protein as a modulator of microglial function; however, its action on neurogenic processes is unknown. The aim of the present study is to identify the role of Caspase-3 in neurogenesis-related microglial functions. To address this study, Caspase-3 conditional knockout mice in the microglia cell line were used. Using this tool, we wanted to elucidate the role of this protein in microglial function in the hippocampus, the main region in which adult neurogenesis takes place. After the reduction of Caspase-3 in microglia, mutant mice showed a reduction of microglia in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate gyrus region, a region inherently associated to neurogenesis. In addition, we found a reduction in doublecortin-positive neurons in conditional Caspase-3 knockout mice, which corresponds to a reduction in neurogenic neurons. Furthermore, using high-resolution image analysis, we also observed a reduction in the phagocytic capacity of microglia lacking Caspase-3. Behavioral analysis using object recognition and Y-maze tests showed altered memory and learning in the absence of Caspase-3. Finally, we identified specific microglia located specifically in neurogenic niche positive for Galectin 3 which colocalized with Cleaved-Caspase-3 in control mice. Taken together, these results showed the essential role of Caspase-3 in microglial function and highlight the relevant role of this specific microglial phenotype in the maintenance of AHN in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Alonso Bellido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mercedes Posada-Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Hernández-Rasco
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandra Vázquez-Reyes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Cabanillas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Immunovirology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Soldán-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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87
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Choi BR, Johnson KR, Maric D, McGavern DB. Monocyte-derived IL-6 programs microglia to rebuild damaged brain vasculature. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01521-1. [PMID: 37248420 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular injury (CVI) is a common pathology caused by infections, injury, stroke, neurodegeneration and autoimmune disease. Rapid resolution of a CVI requires a coordinated innate immune response. In the present study, we sought mechanistic insights into how central nervous system-infiltrating monocytes program resident microglia to mediate angiogenesis and cerebrovascular repair after an intracerebral hemorrhage. In the penumbrae of human stroke brain lesions, we identified a subpopulation of microglia that express vascular endothelial growth factor A. These cells, termed 'repair-associated microglia' (RAMs), were also observed in a rodent model of CVI and coexpressed interleukin (IL)-6Ra. Cerebrovascular repair did not occur in IL-6 knockouts or in mice lacking microglial IL-6Ra expression and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed faulty RAM programming in the absence of IL-6 signaling. Infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes were the primary source of IL-6 after a CVI and were required to endow microglia with proliferative and proangiogenic properties. Faulty RAM programming in the absence of IL-6 or inflammatory monocytes resulted in poor cerebrovascular repair, neuronal destruction and sustained neurological deficits that were all restored via exogenous IL-6 administration. These data provide a molecular and cellular basis for how monocytes instruct microglia to repair damaged brain vasculature and promote functional recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Choi
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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88
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Tsuda M, Masuda T, Kohno K. Microglial diversity in neuropathic pain. Trends Neurosci 2023:S0166-2236(23)00124-8. [PMID: 37244781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play pivotal roles in controlling CNS functions in diverse physiological and pathological contexts, including neuropathic pain, a chronic pain condition caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. In this review article, we summarize evidence primarily from basic research on the role of microglia in the development and remission of neuropathic pain. The identification of a subset of microglia that emerged after pain development and that was necessary for remission of neuropathic pain highlights the highly divergent and dynamic nature of microglia in the course of neuropathic pain. Understanding microglial diversity in terms of gene expression, physiological states, and functional roles could lead to new strategies that aid in the diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain, and that may not have been anticipated from the viewpoint of targeting all microglia uniformly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Kohno
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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89
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Gilbert EAB, Livingston J, Garcia-Flores E, Kehtari T, Morshead CM. Metformin Improves Functional Outcomes, Activates Neural Precursor Cells, and Modulates Microglia in a Sex-Dependent Manner After Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023:7174953. [PMID: 37209417 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in devastating patient outcomes with few treatment options. A promising approach to improve outcomes following SCI involves the activation of endogenous precursor populations including neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) which are located in the periventricular zone (PVZ), and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) found throughout the parenchyma. In the adult spinal cord, resident NSPCs are primarily mitotically quiescent and aneurogenic, while OPCs contribute to ongoing oligodendrogenesis into adulthood. Each of these populations is responsive to SCI, increasing their proliferation and migration to the site of injury; however, their activation is not sufficient to support functional recovery. Previous work has shown that administration of the FDA-approved drug metformin is effective at promoting endogenous brain repair following injury, and this is correlated with enhanced NSPC activation. Here, we ask whether metformin can promote functional recovery and neural repair following SCI in both males and females. Our results reveal that acute, but not delayed metformin administration improves functional outcomes following SCI in both sexes. The functional improvement is concomitant with OPC activation and oligodendrogenesis. Our data also reveal sex-dependent effects of metformin following SCI with increased activation of NSPCs in females and reduced microglia activation in males. Taken together, these findings support metformin as a viable therapeutic strategy following SCI and highlight its pleiotropic effects in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A B Gilbert
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Livingston
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emilio Garcia-Flores
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarlan Kehtari
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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90
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García-Revilla J, Boza-Serrano A, Jin Y, Vadukul DM, Soldán-Hidalgo J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, García-Cruzado M, Martinsson I, Klementieva O, Ruiz R, Aprile FA, Deierborg T, Venero JL. Galectin-3 shapes toxic alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2023:10.1007/s00401-023-02585-x. [PMID: 37202527 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disorder characterised by intracytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB) and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Aggregated α-synuclein (αSYN) is known to be the main component of the LB. It has also been reported to interact with several proteins and organelles. Galectin-3 (GAL3) is known to have a detrimental function in neurodegenerative diseases. It is a galactose-binding protein without known catalytic activity and is expressed mainly by activated microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). GAL3 has been previously found in the outer layer of the LB in post-mortem brains. However, the role of GAL3 in PD is yet to be elucidated. In post-mortem samples, we identified an association between GAL3 and LB in all the PD subjects studied. GAL3 was linked to less αSYN in the LB outer layer and other αSYN deposits, including pale bodies. GAL3 was also associated with disrupted lysosomes. In vitro studies demonstrate that exogenous recombinant Gal3 is internalised by neuronal cell lines and primary neurons where it interacts with endogenous αSyn fibrils. In addition, aggregation experiments show that Gal3 affects spatial propagation and the stability of pre-formed αSyn fibrils resulting in short, amorphous toxic strains. To further investigate these observations in vivo, we take advantage of WT and Gal3KO mice subjected to intranigral injection of adenovirus overexpressing human αSyn as a PD model. In line with our in vitro studies, under these conditions, genetic deletion of GAL3 leads to increased intracellular αSyn accumulation within dopaminergic neurons and remarkably preserved dopaminergic integrity and motor function. Overall, our data suggest a prominent role for GAL3 in the aggregation process of αSYN and LB formation, leading to the production of short species to the detriment of larger strains which triggers neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Yiyun Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Devkee M Vadukul
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jesús Soldán-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Lluís Camprubí-Ferrer
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marta García-Cruzado
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspecroscopy Lab, Department of Experimental Medical Science, SRA: NanoLund, Multipark, Lund University, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - José Luis Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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91
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Stratoulias V, Ruiz R, Kanatani S, Osman AM, Keane L, Armengol JA, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Murgoci AN, García-Domínguez I, Alonso-Bellido I, González Ibáñez F, Picard K, Vázquez-Cabrera G, Posada-Pérez M, Vernoux N, Tejera D, Grabert K, Cheray M, González-Rodríguez P, Pérez-Villegas EM, Martínez-Gallego I, Lastra-Romero A, Brodin D, Avila-Cariño J, Cao Y, Airavaara M, Uhlén P, Heneka MT, Tremblay MÈ, Blomgren K, Venero JL, Joseph B. ARG1-expressing microglia show a distinct molecular signature and modulate postnatal development and function of the mouse brain. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01326-3. [PMID: 37169859 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diversity of microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, is reported. Whether microglial subsets characterized by the expression of specific proteins constitute subtypes with distinct functions has not been fully elucidated. Here we describe a microglial subtype expressing the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG1; that is, ARG1+ microglia) that is found predominantly in the basal forebrain and ventral striatum during early postnatal mouse development. ARG1+ microglia are enriched in phagocytic inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature, including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3 and Mgl2, compared to ARG1- microglia. Microglial-specific knockdown of Arg1 results in deficient cholinergic innervation and impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, which in turn results in impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into microglia subtype-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Stratoulias
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Shigeaki Kanatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed M Osman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lily Keane
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose A Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Adriana-Natalia Murgoci
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene García-Domínguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Alonso-Bellido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, and Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, and Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guillermo Vázquez-Cabrera
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Posada-Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, and Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dario Tejera
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Cheray
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eva M Pérez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Gallego
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - David Brodin
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Avila-Cariño
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, and Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose L Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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92
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Laurinaviciute G, Simkunaite-Rizgeliene R, Zalgeviciene V, Bartuskiene V, Cepuliene R, Jakimaviciene EM, Galgauskas S, Petroska D, Besusparis J, Tutkuviene J. Maternal undernutrition model of two generations of rats: Changes in the aged retina. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:409-422. [PMID: 36148876 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of maternal undernutrition on morphological changes of the retina was assessed in two generations of aged offspring. Wistar 18 rats (9 of each generation of 20-month-old female offspring; in total - 27 eyes) were analyzed. The first generation offspring were born to mothers who: (a) were restricted to food only before pregnancy (pre-pregnancy); (b) whose food was restricted before and during pregnancy. The control group and all the offspring were fed normally. After enucleating the eyes, paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of retina layers was measured. Cryosections were immunostained using glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule1, RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing for evaluation of macroglia, microglia and retinal ganglion cells by digital image analysis tools. Our data have shown atrophy of photoreceptor layer and degeneration of outer nuclear layer in all investigated groups, but less damage was found in the control group. Higher Müller cell activity and greater number of microglial cells was observed in the second generation offspring born from both restricted diet groups. Higher numbers of microglial and retinal ganglion cells were observed in the second generation in comparison to the first generation offspring. Malnutrition of the mother may be one of the possible causes of degeneration of the outer layers of the retina and activation of Müller cells in the second generation offspring. The effect of maternal nutritional restriction on the number of microglial and retinal ganglion cells is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoda Laurinaviciute
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Simkunaite-Rizgeliene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Zalgeviciene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Bartuskiene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Cepuliene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E M Jakimaviciene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Galgauskas
- Clinic of Ear, Nose, Throat and Eye Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D Petroska
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Besusparis
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Tutkuviene
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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93
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Doust YV, Bindoff A, Holloway OG, Wilson R, King AE, Ziebell JM. Temporal changes in the microglial proteome of male and female mice after a diffuse brain injury using label-free quantitative proteomics. Glia 2023; 71:880-903. [PMID: 36468604 PMCID: PMC10952308 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers neuroinflammatory cascades mediated by microglia, which promotes tissue repair in the short-term. These cascades may exacerbate TBI-induced tissue damage and symptoms in the months to years post-injury. However, the progression of the microglial function across time post-injury and whether this differs between biological sexes is not well understood. In this study, we examined the microglial proteome at 3-, 7-, or 28-days after a midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) in male and female mice using label-free quantitative proteomics. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033628. We identified a reduction in microglial proteins involved with clearance of neuronal debris via phagocytosis at 3- and 7-days post-injury. At 28 days post-injury, pro-inflammatory proteins were decreased and anti-inflammatory proteins were increased in microglia. These results indicate a reduction in microglial clearance of neuronal debris in the days post-injury with a shift to anti-inflammatory function by 28 days following TBI. The changes in the microglial proteome that occurred across time post-injury did not differ between biological sexes. However, we did identify an increase in microglial proteins related to pro-inflammation and phagocytosis as well as insulin and estrogen signaling in males compared with female mice that occurred with or without a brain injury. Although the microglial response was similar between males and females up to 28 days following TBI, biological sex differences in the microglial proteome, regardless of TBI, has implications for the efficacy of treatment strategies targeting the microglial response post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine V. Doust
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Aidan Bindoff
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Olivia G. Holloway
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory (CSL)University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Anna E. King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jenna M. Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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94
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Wang J, He W, Zhang J. A richer and more diverse future for microglia phenotypes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14713. [PMID: 37025898 PMCID: PMC10070543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the only resident innate immune cells derived from the mesoderm in the nerve tissue. They play a role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia mediate the repair of CNS injury and participate in endogenous immune response induced by various diseases by exerting neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. Traditionally, microglia are considered to be in a resting state, the M0 type, under physiological conditions. In this state, they perform immune surveillance by constantly monitoring pathological responses in the CNS. In the pathological state, microglia undergo a series of morphological and functional changes from the M0 state and eventually polarize into classically activated microglia (M1) and alternatively activated microglia (M2). M1 microglia release inflammatory factors and toxic substances to inhibit pathogens, while M2 microglia exert neuroprotective effects by promoting nerve repair and regeneration. However, in recent years, the view regarding M1/M2 polarization of microglia has gradually changed. According to some researchers, the phenomenon of microglia polarization is not yet confirmed. The M1/M2 polarization term is used for a simplified description of its phenotype and function. Other researchers believe that the microglia polarization process is rich and diverse, and consequently, the classification method of M1/M2 has limitations. This conflict hinders the academic community from establishing more meaningful microglia polarization pathways and terms, and therefore, a careful revision of the concept of microglia polarization is required. The present article briefly reviews the current consensus and controversy regarding microglial polarization typing to provide supporting materials for a more objective understanding of the functional phenotype of microglia.
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95
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VanderZwaag J, Halvorson T, Dolhan K, Šimončičová E, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ. The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1129-1166. [PMID: 36327017 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still to be fully elucidated. Microglia, the CNS's resident innate immune cells, are emerging as a cellular target for psychiatric disorders because of their critical role in regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory environment of the brain. The following paper is a review of recent literature surrounding these neuropharmacological therapies and their demonstrated or hypothesized interactions with microglia. Through investigating the mechanism of action of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, and propofol, we demonstrate a largely under-investigated role for microglia in much of the emerging research surrounding these pharmacological agents. Among others, we detail sigma-1 receptors, serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid signalling, and tryptophan metabolism as pathways through which these agents modulate microglial phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release, inducing their therapeutic effects. The current review includes a discussion on future directions in the field of microglial pharmacology and covers bidirectional implications of microglia and these novel pharmacological agents in aging and age-related disease, glial cell heterogeneity, and state-of-the-art methodologies in microglial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared VanderZwaag
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Šimončičová
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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96
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Hernandez-Espinosa DR, Gale JR, Scrabis MG, Aizenman E. Microglial reprogramming by Hv1 antagonism protects neurons from inflammatory and glutamate toxicity. J Neurochem 2023; 165:29-54. [PMID: 36625847 PMCID: PMC10106429 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the precise mechanisms determining the neurotoxic or neuroprotective activation phenotypes in microglia remain poorly characterized, metabolic changes in these cells appear critical for these processes. As cellular metabolism can be tightly regulated by changes in intracellular pH, we tested whether pharmacological targeting of the microglial voltage-gated proton channel 1 (Hv1), an important regulator of intracellular pH, is critical for activated microglial reprogramming. Using a mouse microglial cell line and mouse primary microglia cultures, either alone, or co-cultured with rat cerebrocortical neurons, we characterized in detail the microglial activation profile in the absence and presence of Hv1 inhibition. We observed that activated microglia neurotoxicity was mainly attributable to the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, reactive oxygen species, and zinc. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of Hv1 largely abrogated inflammatory neurotoxicity not only by reducing the production of cytotoxic mediators but also by promoting neurotrophic molecule production and restraining excessive phagocytic activity. Importantly, the Hv1-sensitive change from a pro-inflammatory to a neuroprotective phenotype was associated with metabolic reprogramming, particularly via a boost in NADH availability and a reduction in lactate. Most critically, Hv1 antagonism not only reduced inflammatory neurotoxicity but also promoted microglia-dependent neuroprotection against a separate excitotoxic injury. Our results strongly suggest that Hv1 blockers may provide an important therapeutic tool against a wide range of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Hernandez-Espinosa
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna R Gale
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mia G Scrabis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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97
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Yang EJ, Frolinger T, Westfall S, Iqbal UH, Murrough J, Pasinetti GM. The bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation alleviates depression and anxiety-like behaviors by modulating the regional heterogeneity of microglia morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534961. [PMID: 37034623 PMCID: PMC10081276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Scope The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP), which is made up of grape-derived polyphenols, on microglial responses, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in depression and anxiety-like behaviors. Methods and results We find that treatment with BDPP significantly decreased depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic stress in mice, while leaving their locomotor activity unaffected. We also find that BDPP treatment reversed microglia activation in the amygdala and hippocampal formation, regions of the brain involved in emotional regulation, from an amoeboid shape to ramified shape. Additionally, BDPP treatment modulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 via high mobility box 1 protein and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (HMGB1-RAGE) signaling pathway in activated microglia induced by chronic stress. Conclusion Our findings suggest regional heterogeneity in microglial responses following chronic stress in subregions of the corticolimbic circuit. Specifically, activation of the immune-inflammatory HMGB1-RAGE pathway might provide a new avenue for therapeutic intervention in stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, using bioactive and bioavailable polyphenols.
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98
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Ivan DC, Berve KC, Walthert S, Monaco G, Borst K, Bouillet E, Ferreira F, Lee H, Steudler J, Buch T, Prinz M, Engelhardt B, Locatelli G. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36890580 PMCID: PMC9993619 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult CNS. In neuroinflammatory conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), IGF-1 can regulate cellular survival and activation in a context-dependent and cell-specific manner. Notwithstanding its importance, the functional outcome of IGF-1 signaling in microglia/macrophages, which maintain CNS homeostasis and regulate neuroinflammation, remains undefined. As a result, contradictory reports on the disease-ameliorating efficacy of IGF-1 are difficult to interpret, together precluding its potential use as a therapeutic agent. To fill this gap, we here investigated the role of IGF-1 signaling in CNS-resident microglia and border associated macrophages (BAMs) by conditional genetic deletion of the receptor Igf1r in these cell types. Using a series of techniques including histology, bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and intravital imaging, we show that absence of IGF-1R significantly impacted the morphology of both BAMs and microglia. RNA analysis revealed minor changes in microglia. In BAMs however, we detected an upregulation of functional pathways associated with cellular activation and a decreased expression of adhesion molecules. Notably, genetic deletion of Igf1r from CNS-resident macrophages led to a significant weight gain in mice, suggesting that absence of IGF-1R from CNS-resident myeloid cells indirectly impacts the somatotropic axis. Lastly, we observed a more severe EAE disease course upon Igf1r genetic ablation, thus highlighting an important immunomodulatory role of this signaling pathway in BAMs/microglia. Taken together, our work shows that IGF-1R signaling in CNS-resident macrophages regulates the morphology and transcriptome of these cells while significantly decreasing the severity of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ivan
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Carolin Berve
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Walthert
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Lee
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Steudler
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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99
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Microglia secrete distinct sets of neurotoxins in a stimulus-dependent manner. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148315. [PMID: 36878343 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain which regulate both the innate and adaptive neuroimmune responses in health and disease. In response to specific endogenous and exogenous stimuli, microglia transition to one of their reactive states characterized by altered morphology and function, including their secretory profile. A component of the microglial secretome is cytotoxic molecules capable of causing damage and death to nearby host cells, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Indirect evidence from secretome studies and measurements of mRNA expression using diverse microglial cell types suggest different stimuli may induce microglia to secrete distinct subsets of cytotoxins. We demonstrate the accuracy of this hypothesis directly by challenging murine BV-2 microglia-like cells with eight different immune stimuli and assessing secretion of four potentially cytotoxic molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and glutamate. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a combination of interferon (IFN)-γ plus LPS induced secretion of all toxins studied. IFN-β, IFN-γ, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and zymosan A upregulated secretion of subsets of these four cytotoxins. LPS and IFN-γ, alone or in combination, as well as IFN-β induced toxicity of BV-2 cells towards murine NSC-34 neuronal cells, while ATP, N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) did not affect any parameters studied. Our observations contribute to a growing body of knowledge on the regulation of the microglial secretome, which may inform future development of novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, where dysregulated microglia are key contributors to pathogenesis.
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100
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Campos RMP, Barbosa-Silva MC, Ribeiro-Resende VT. A period of transient synaptic density unbalancing in the motor cortex after peripheral nerve injury and the involvement of microglial cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 124:103791. [PMID: 36372156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some types of peripheral nerve injury lead to limb deafferentation, which leads to remodeling of body representation areas in different parts of the brain, such as in the primary motor cortex and primary sensory cortex. This plasticity is a consequence of several cellular events, such as the emergence and elimination of synapses in these areas. Beside neurons, microglial cells are intimately involved in synapse plasticity, especially in synaptic pruning. In this study, we investigated the transient changes in synaptic density in the primary motor and sensory cortex after different types of peripheral nerve injury, as well as the behavior of microglial cells in each scenario. Male C57/B6 mice were divided into a control group (no injury), sciatic-crush group, and sciatic-transection group, and treated with PBS or minocycline daily for different time points. Both types of sciatic lesion led to a significant decrease of synaptophysin and PSD-95 positive puncta counts compared to control animals 4 days after lesion (DAL), which recovered at 7 DAL and was sustained until 14 DAL. The changes in synaptic puncta density were concomitant with changes in the density and morphology of microglial cells, which were significantly more ramified in the primary motor cortex of injured animals at 1 and 4 DAL. Although the decreased synaptic puncta density overlapped with an increased number of microglial cells, the number of lysosomes per microglial cell did not increase on day 4 after lesion. Surprisingly, daily administration of minocycline increased microglial cell number and PSD-95 positive puncta density by 14 DAL. Taken together, we found evidence for transient changes in synaptic density in the primary motor, related to peripheral injury with possible participation of microglia in this plasticity process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maria Pereira Campos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Barbosa-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Victor Túlio Ribeiro-Resende
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (Numpex-Bio), Campus de Duque de Caxias Geraldo Guerra Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25255-030, Brazil
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