51
|
Narang RK, Vincent Z, Phipps-Green A, Stamp LK, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N. Population-specific factors associated with fractional excretion of uric acid. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:234. [PMID: 31718705 PMCID: PMC6852918 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced renal clearance of uric acid is a major contributor to hyperuricemia. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and genetic variables associated with fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA). Methods Participants (with and without gout) in the Genetics of Gout in Aotearoa study with available genotyping and FEUA data were included (n = 1713). Ten FEUA-associated loci detected within a genome-wide association study for serum urate in a European population were analysed. A polygenic score for FEUA was calculated in each ancestry group to model the cumulative effects of the genetic variants on FEUA. Associations between FEUA and both clinical variables and polygenic score were tested using linear regression models. Results The mean (SD) FEUA was 5.13 (2.70) % in Eastern Polynesian participants, 4.70 (5.89) % in Western Polynesian participants, and 5.89 (2.73) % in New Zealand European participants. Although association with FEUA was observed for SLC2A9 rs11942223 in New Zealand European participants (P = 2.39 × 10− 8), this association was not observed in Eastern or Western Polynesian participants. The polygenic score was positively associated with FEUA in all ancestry groups. In New Zealand European participants, body mass index, diuretic use, polygenic score, and male sex were associated with FEUA and explained 22% of FEUA variance in the regression model. In Eastern and Western Polynesian participants, the tested variables explained 10% and 4% of FEUA variance respectively. Conclusions Both clinical and genetic variables contribute to renal clearance of uric acid. SLC2A9 exerts effects on FEUA variance in people of European ancestry, but not in those of Polynesian ancestry. There is a large unexplained variance in FEUA, particularly in people of Polynesian ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Narang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Vincent
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Phipps-Green
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9012, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9012, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang C, Wang J, Liu S, Liang X, Song Y, Feng L, Zhong L, Guo X. Idiopathic renal hypouricemia: A case report and literature review. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5118-5124. [PMID: 31638209 PMCID: PMC6854582 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a rare hereditary condition. Type 2 renal hyperuricemia (RHUC2) is caused by a mutation in the SLC2A9 gene, which encodes a high‑capacity glucose and urate transporter, glucose transporter (GLUT)9. RHUC2 predisposes to exercise‑induced acute renal failure (EIARF) and nephrolithiasis, which is caused by a defect in renal tubular urate transport and is characterized by increased clearance of renal uric acid. In the present study a case of a 35‑year‑old Chinese man with EIARF is reported. The patient had isolated renal hypouricemia, with a serum uric acid level of 21 µmol/l and a fractional excretion of uric acid of 200%. The mutational analysis revealed a homozygous mutation (c.857G>A in exon 8) in the SLC2A9 gene. The patient's family members carried the same mutation, but were heterozygous and clinically asymptomatic. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a RHUC2 patient with a GLUT9 mutation, p.W286X, which may be a pathogenic mutation of RHUC2. Further investigation into the functional role of GLUT9 in this novel SLC2A9 mutation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Liguang Rehabilitation Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lanxin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Posadzy-Malaczynska A, Rajpold K, Woznicka-Leskiewicz L, Marcinkowska J. Reversal of an unfavorable effect of hydrochlorothiazide compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on serum uric acid and oxypurine levels by estrogen-progestin therapy in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1687-1697. [PMID: 31033362 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1612656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim was to assess the effect of estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT) on serum levels of uric acid (SUA) and its precursors xanthine (X) and hypoxanthine (HX), and on uric acid (UA) renal excretion in hypertensive postmenopausal women treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or thiazide diuretic (HCTZ) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03921736, registered 19 April 2019). Methods: Postmenopausal women with untreated essential hypertension were recruited to the study. The control group consisted of 40 postmenopausal women with normal blood pressure. Hypertensive women were randomized to two groups: hydrochlorothiazide (n = 50) or perindopril (n = 50) and to a group receiving or not receiving EPT (EPT+/EPT-) due to vasomotor symptoms. The follow-up period was one year. Blood pressure measurements as well as blood tests for SUA and its precursors X and HX were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Results: In hypertensive women, baseline serum X and HX were significantly higher when compared to the group of normotensive women. Treatment with HCTZ led to a statistically significant increase in SUA in the subgroup of EPT- women. In this group concentrations of X and HX increased significantly after 12 months. UA/X significantly decreased after treatment with HCTZ. Lack of EPT resulted in a decrease of renal plasma flow in the HCTZ group. However, in the HCTZ and EPT + group, SUA decreased significantly when compared to baseline. None of these unfavorable effects was observed in the ACEI group regardless of EPT. Conclusions: 1) EPT prevents the development of hyperuricemia during antihypertensive treatment with thiazide diuretics. 2) Arterial hypertension and menopause cause impairment of UA excretion and increase the levels of SUA and its precursors X and HX. 3) EPT reduces the risk of hyperuricemia in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Rajpold
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | | | - Justyna Marcinkowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
van der Wijst J, Belge H, Bindels RJM, Devuyst O. Learning Physiology From Inherited Kidney Disorders. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1575-1653. [PMID: 31215303 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes causing inherited kidney diseases yielded crucial insights in the molecular basis of disease and improved our understanding of physiological processes that operate in the kidney. Monogenic kidney disorders are caused by mutations in genes coding for a large variety of proteins including receptors, channels and transporters, enzymes, transcription factors, and structural components, operating in specialized cell types that perform highly regulated homeostatic functions. Common variants in some of these genes are also associated with complex traits, as evidenced by genome-wide association studies in the general population. In this review, we discuss how the molecular genetics of inherited disorders affecting different tubular segments of the nephron improved our understanding of various transport processes and of their involvement in homeostasis, while providing novel therapeutic targets. These include inherited disorders causing a dysfunction of the proximal tubule (renal Fanconi syndrome), with emphasis on epithelial differentiation and receptor-mediated endocytosis, or affecting the reabsorption of glucose, the handling of uric acid, and the reabsorption of sodium, calcium, and magnesium along the kidney tubule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrica Belge
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Yee SW, Stecula A, Chien HC, Zou L, Feofanova EV, van Borselen M, Cheung KWK, Yousri NA, Suhre K, Kinchen JM, Boerwinkle E, Irannejad R, Yu B, Giacomini KM. Unraveling the functional role of the orphan solute carrier, SLC22A24 in the transport of steroid conjugates through metabolomic and genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008208. [PMID: 31553721 PMCID: PMC6760779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in steroid hormone levels has wide implications for health and disease. The genes encoding the proteins involved in steroid disposition represent key determinants of interindividual variation in steroid levels and ultimately, their effects. Beginning with metabolomic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we observed that genetic variants in the orphan transporter, SLC22A24 were significantly associated with levels of androsterone glucuronide and etiocholanolone glucuronide (sentinel SNPs p-value <1x10-30). In cells over-expressing human or various mammalian orthologs of SLC22A24, we showed that steroid conjugates and bile acids were substrates of the transporter. Phylogenetic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses suggested that SLC22A24 has a specialized role in the kidney and appears to function in the reabsorption of organic anions, and in particular, anionic steroids. Phenome-wide analysis showed that functional variants of SLC22A24 are associated with human disease such as cardiovascular diseases and acne, which have been linked to dysregulated steroid metabolism. Collectively, these functional genomic studies reveal a previously uncharacterized protein involved in steroid homeostasis, opening up new possibilities for SLC22A24 as a pharmacological target for regulating steroid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adrian Stecula
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elena V. Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marjolein van Borselen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kit Wun Kathy Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Noha A. Yousri
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Li J, Fagbote CO, Zhuo M, Hawley CE, Paik JM. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease: a primer for deprescribing. Clin Kidney J 2019; 12:620-628. [PMID: 31583087 PMCID: PMC6768299 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical global public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, poorer quality of life and increased health care expenditures. CKD and its associated comorbidities are one of the most complex clinical constellations to manage. Treatments for CKD and its comorbidities lead to polypharmacy, which exponentiates the morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown remarkable benefits in cardiovascular and renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pleiotropic effects of SGLT2is beyond glycosuria suggest a promising role in reducing polypharmacy in diabetic CKD, but the potential adverse effects of SGLT2is should also be considered. In this review, we present a typical case of a patient with multiple comorbidities seen in a CKD clinic, highlighting the polypharmacy and complexity in the management of proteinuria, hyperkalemia, volume overload, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia and obesity. We review the cardiovascular and renal protection effects of SGLT2is in the context of clinical trials and current guidelines. We then discuss the roles of SGLT2is in the management of associated comorbidities and review the adverse effects and controversies of SGLT2is. We conclude with a proposal for deprescribing principles when initiating SGLT2is in patients with diabetic CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Renal Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Min Zhuo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsea E Hawley
- Department of Pharmacy, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie M Paik
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Renal Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ye X, Wu J, Tang K, Li W, Xiong C, Zhuo L. Benzbromarone as a possible cause of acute kidney injury in patients with urolithiasis: Two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15214. [PMID: 30985721 PMCID: PMC6485891 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Reports of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with benzbromarone use in patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) are rare so far. PATIENT CONCERNS We describe 2 unique clinical patterns in which benzbromarone was a possible cause of AKI following self-medication for HUA. In case 1, a 45-year-old man developed AKI after taking 100 mg of benzbromarone. His serum creatinine (Scr) increased to 2.3 mg/dL on day 2 after benzbromarone administration. Ultrasound showed multiple small stones in both kidneys, and the 24-hour urine uric acid level was 3128 mg. In case 2, a 17-year-old male student presented with AKI after self-administration of 50 mg of benzbromarone. His Scr increased to 6.8 mg/dL on day 3 after benzbromarone administration. Ultrasound showed multiple stones in the left kidney. DIAGNOSIS Both patients underwent renal biopsy, with findings of acute tubular interstitial nephropathy in case 1 and acute tubular damage in case 2. Drug-induced AKI was considered. INTERVENTIONS Both cases were treated supportively with intravenous hydration only. In both patients, the Scr level recovered within 0.5 months and renal function was normal 3 months after discharge. LESSONS Oral benzbromarone is widely used in Asian counties to treat HUA and the adverse effects are mostly mild. However, clinicians should be alert for benzbromarone-induced AKI. Moreover, uricosuric drugs should only be used after exclusion of urolithiasis and other contraindications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jian Wu
- Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Cunquan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Shen H, Scialis RJ, Lehman-McKeeman L. Xenobiotic Transporters in the Kidney: Function and Role in Toxicity. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39:159-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
59
|
Lawrence ML, Elhendawi M, Davies JA. Investigating Aspects of Renal Physiology and Pharmacology in Organ and Organoid Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1926:127-142. [PMID: 30742268 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9021-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some aspects of renal physiology, in particular transport across tubular epithelia, are highly relevant to pharmacokinetics and to drug toxicity. The use of animals to model human renal physiology is limited, but human-derived renal organoids offer an alternative, relevant system in culture. Here, we explain how the activity of specific transport systems can be assessed in renal organoid and organ culture, using a system illustrated mainly for mouse but that can be extended to human organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Elhendawi
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Wang Z, Cui T, Ci X, Zhao F, Sun Y, Li Y, Liu R, Wu W, Yi X, Liu C. The effect of polymorphism of uric acid transporters on uric acid transport. J Nephrol 2018; 32:177-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
61
|
Large-scale whole-exome sequencing association studies identify rare functional variants influencing serum urate levels. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4228. [PMID: 30315176 PMCID: PMC6185909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum urate levels can cause gout, an excruciating disease with suboptimal treatment. Previous GWAS identified common variants with modest effects on serum urate. Here we report large-scale whole-exome sequencing association studies of serum urate and kidney function among ≤19,517 European ancestry and African-American individuals. We identify aggregate associations of low-frequency damaging variants in the urate transporters SLC22A12 (URAT1; p = 1.3 × 10−56) and SLC2A9 (p = 4.5 × 10−7). Gout risk in rare SLC22A12 variant carriers is halved (OR = 0.5, p = 4.9 × 10−3). Selected rare variants in SLC22A12 are validated in transport studies, confirming three as loss-of-function (R325W, R405C, and T467M) and illustrating the therapeutic potential of the new URAT1-blocker lesinurad. In SLC2A9, mapping of rare variants of large effects onto the predicted protein structure reveals new residues that may affect urate binding. These findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of serum urate, and highlight molecular targets in SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 for lowering serum urate and preventing gout. Elevated serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout. Here, Tin et al. perform whole-exome sequencing in 19,517 individuals and detect low-frequency genetic variants in urate transporter genes, SLC22A12 and SLC2A9, associated with serum urate levels and confirm their damaging nature in vitro and in silico.
Collapse
|
62
|
Kim HY, Veal GJ, Zhou F, Boddy AV. The role of solute carrier (SLC) transporters in actinomycin D pharmacokinetics in paediatric cancer patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:1575-1584. [PMID: 30167756 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomycin D is used for treatment of paediatric cancers; however, a large inter-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and hepatotoxicity are significant limitations to its use and warrant further investigation. Elimination of actinomycin D may be mediated by transporters, as the drug does not seem to undergo significant metabolism. We investigated the role of solute carrier (SLC) transporters in actinomycin D PK. METHODS Fourteen key SLCs were screened through probe substrate uptake inhibition by actinomycin D in HEK293 cells. Uptake of actinomycin D was further studied in candidate SLCs by measuring intracellular actinomycin D using a validated LCMS assay. Pharmacogenetic analysis was conducted for 60 patients (Clinical trial: NCT00900354), who were genotyped for SNPs for OAT4 and PEPT2. RESULTS OAT4, OCT2, OCT3 and PEPT2 showed significantly lower probe substrate uptake (mean ± SD 75.0 ± 3.5% (p < 0.0001), 74.8 ± 11.2% (p = 0.001), 81.2 ± 14.0% (p = 0.0083) and 70.7 ± 5.7% (p = 0.0188)) compared to that of control. Intracellular accumulation of actinomycin D was greater compared to vector control in OAT4-transfected cells by 1.5- and 1.4-fold at 10 min (p = 0.01) and 20 min (p = 0.03), and in PEPT2-transfected cells by 1.5- and 1.7-fold at 10 min (p = 0.047) and 20 min (p = 0.043), respectively. Subsequent clinical study did not find a significant association between OAT4 rs11231809 and PEPT2 rs2257212 genotypes, and actinomycin D PK parameters such as clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd). CONCLUSION Transport of actinomycin D was mediated by OAT4 and PEPT2 in vitro. There was a lack of clinical significance of OAT4 and PEPT2 genotypes as predictors of actinomycin D disposition in paediatric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Yejin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gareth J Veal
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Tyne, UK
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Friedman DJ, Alper SL. Modulation of tubular solute reuptake in UMOD knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29513073 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00080.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J Friedman
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zhu W, Deng Y, Zhou X. Multiple Membrane Transporters and Some Immune Regulatory Genes are Major Genetic Factors to Gout. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:94-113. [PMID: 30123371 PMCID: PMC6062909 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia and the deposition of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals. It is also considered as a complex disorder in which multiple genetic factors have been identified in association with its susceptibility and/or clinical outcomes. Major genes that were associated with gout include URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4, NPT1 (SLC17A1), NPT4 (SLC17A3), NPT5 (SLC17A4), MCT9, ABCG2, ABCC4, KCNQ1, PDZK1, NIPAL1, IL1β, IL-8, IL-12B, IL-23R, TNFA, MCP-1/CCL2, NLRP3, PPARGC1B, TLR4, CD14, CARD8, P2X7R, EGF, A1CF, HNF4G and TRIM46, LRP2, GKRP, ADRB3, ADH1B, ALDH2, COMT, MAOA, PRKG2, WDR1, ALPK1, CARMIL (LRRC16A), RFX3, BCAS3, CNIH-2, FAM35A and MYL2-CUX2. The proteins encoded by these genes mainly function in urate transport, inflammation, innate immunity and metabolism. Understanding the functions of gout-associated genes will provide important insights into future studies to explore the pathogenesis of gout, as well as to develop targeted therapies for gout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology of Children, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Tonneijck L, Muskiet MH, Smits MM, Bjornstad P, Kramer MH, Diamant M, Hoorn EJ, Joles JA, van Raalte DH. Effect of immediate and prolonged GLP-1 receptor agonist administration on uric acid and kidney clearance: Post-hoc analyses of four clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1235-1245. [PMID: 29341461 PMCID: PMC5899927 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists (RA) on uric acid (UA) levels and kidney UA clearance. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study involved post-hoc analyses of 4 controlled clinical trials, which assessed actions of GLP-1RA administration on kidney physiology. The immediate effects of GLP-1RA exenatide infusion vs placebo were determined in 9 healthy overweight men (Study-A) and in 52 overweight T2DM patients (Study-B). The effects of 12 weeks of long-acting GLP-1RA liraglutide vs placebo in 36 overweight T2DM patients (Study-C) and of 8 weeks of short-acting GLP-1RA lixisenatide vs once-daily titrated insulin glulisine in 35 overweight T2DM patients (Study-D) were also examined. Plasma UA, fractional (inulin-corrected) and absolute urinary excretion of UA (UEUA ) and sodium (UENa ), and urine pH were determined. RESULTS Median baseline plasma UA level was 5.39 to 6.33 mg/dL across all studies (17%-22% of subjects were hyperuricaemic). In Study-A, exenatide infusion slightly increased plasma UA (+0.07 ± 0.02 mg/dL, P = .04), and raised absolute-UEUA (+1.58 ± 0.65 mg/min/1.73 m2 , P = .02), but did not affect fractional UEUA compared to placebo. Fractional UEUA and absolute UEUA correlated with increases in urine pH (r:0.86, P = .003 and r:0.92, P < .001, respectively). Fractional UEUA correlated with increased fractional UENa (r:0.76, P = .02). In Study-B, exenatide infusion did not affect plasma UA, but increased fractional UEUA (+0.76 ± 0.38%, P = .049) and absolute UEUA (+0.75 ± 0.27 mg/min/1.73 m2 , P = .007), compared to placebo. In regression analyses, both parameters were explained by changes in urine pH and, in part, by changes in UENa . In Study-C, liraglutide treatment did not affect plasma UA, UEUA, UENa or urine pH, compared to placebo. In Study-D, lixisenatide treatment increased UENa and urine pH from baseline, but did not affect plasma UA or UEUA . CONCLUSION Immediate exenatide infusion increases UEUA in overweight healthy men and in T2DM patients, probably by inhibiting Na+ /H+ -exchanger type-3 in the renal proximal tubule. Prolonged treatment with a long-acting or short-acting GLP-1RA does not affect plasma UA or UEUA in T2DM patients with normal plasma UA levels and at relatively low cardiovascular risk. Our results suggest that the cardio-renal benefits of GLP-1RA are not mediated through changes in UA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Tonneijck
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A. Muskiet
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark M. Smits
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; and Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark H.H. Kramer
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël H. van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Organic solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family: Potential for interactions with food, herbal/dietary supplements, endogenous compounds, and drugs. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:S45-S60. [PMID: 29703386 PMCID: PMC9326878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
67
|
Ala-Mutka EM, Rimpelä JM, Fyhrquist F, Kontula KK, Hiltunen TP. Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum uric acid concentration: a genome-wide association study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:517-527. [PMID: 29580174 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To recognize genetic associations of hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in serum uric acid (SUA) concentration. PATIENTS & METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study on hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in SUA in 214 Finnish men from the GENRES study. Replication analyses were performed in 465 Finns from the LIFE study. RESULTS In GENRES, we identified 31 loci associated with hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in SUA at p < 5 × 10-5. rs1002976 near VEGFC associated with the change in GENRES and in LIFE. rs950569 near BRINP3 associated with the change in SUA in GENRES and LIFE. The analysis of previously reported SNPs and candidate genes provided some proof for PADI4 and ABCC4. CONCLUSION We report genetic markers that may predict the increase in SUA concentration during thiazide treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero M Ala-Mutka
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni M Rimpelä
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Johnson RJ, Bakris GL, Borghi C, Chonchol MB, Feldman D, Lanaspa MA, Merriman TR, Moe OW, Mount DB, Sanchez Lozada LG, Stahl E, Weiner DE, Chertow GM. Hyperuricemia, Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Report of a Scientific Workshop Organized by the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71:851-865. [PMID: 29496260 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urate is a cause of gout, kidney stones, and acute kidney injury from tumor lysis syndrome, but its relationship to kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes remains controversial. A scientific workshop organized by the National Kidney Foundation was held in September 2016 to review current evidence. Cell culture studies and animal models suggest that elevated serum urate concentrations can contribute to kidney disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologic evidence also supports elevated serum urate concentrations as a risk factor for the development of kidney disease, hypertension, and diabetes, but differences in methodologies and inpacts on serum urate concentrations by even subtle changes in kidney function render conclusions uncertain. Mendelian randomization studies generally do not support a causal role of serum urate in kidney disease, hypertension, or diabetes, although interpretation is complicated by nonhomogeneous populations, a failure to consider environmental interactions, and a lack of understanding of how the genetic polymorphisms affect biological mechanisms related to urate. Although several small clinical trials suggest benefits of urate-lowering therapies on kidney function, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, others have been negative, with many trials having design limitations and insufficient power. Thus, whether uric acid has a causal role in kidney and cardiovascular diseases requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Orson W Moe
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - David B Mount
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Eli Stahl
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lin X, Pan Q, Zheng F, Li H. A novel compound heterozygous variant of the SLC12A3 gene in Gitelman syndrome pedigree. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:17. [PMID: 29378538 PMCID: PMC5789536 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by genic mutations of SLC12A3 (Solute carrier family 12 member 3), which encodes the Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), and presents with characteristic metabolic abnormalities, including hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. In this study, we report a case of a GS pedigree, including analysis of GS-associated gene mutations. Methods We performed next-generation sequencing analysis and Sanger sequencing to explore the SLC12A3 mutations in a GS pedigree that included a 35-year-old female patient with GS and five family members within three generations. Furthermore, we summarized their clinical manifestations and analyzed laboratory parameters related to GS. Results The female proband (the patient with GS) presented with intermittent fatigue and transient periods of tetany, along with significant hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. All other members of the pedigree had normal laboratory results without obvious GS-related symptoms. Genetic analysis of the SLC12A3 gene identified two novel missense mutations (c.1919A > G, p.N640S in exon 15; c.2522A > G, p.D841G in exon 21) in the patient with GS. Moreover, we demonstrated that her mother, younger maternal uncle, and cousin were carriers of one mutation (c.1919A > G), and her father was the carrier of the other (c.2522A > G). Conclusion This is the first report of these two novel pathogenic variants of SLC12A3 and their contribution to GS. Further functional studies are particularly warranted to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0527-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qing Chun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Shen H, Nelson DM, Oliveira RV, Zhang Y, Mcnaney CA, Gu X, Chen W, Su C, Reily MD, Shipkova PA, Gan J, Lai Y, Marathe P, Humphreys WG. Discovery and Validation of Pyridoxic Acid and Homovanillic Acid as Novel Endogenous Plasma Biomarkers of Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3 in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 46:178-188. [PMID: 29162614 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1- and OAT3-mediated transport can alter the exposure, efficacy, and safety of drugs. Although there have been reports of the endogenous biomarkers for OAT1/3, none of these have all of the characteristics required for a clinical useful biomarker. Cynomolgus monkeys were treated with intravenous probenecid (PROB) at a dose of 40 mg/kg in this study. As expected, PROB increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of coadministered furosemide, a known substrate of OAT1 and OAT3, by 4.1-fold, consistent with the values reported in humans (3.1- to 3.7-fold). Of the 233 plasma metabolites analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics method, 29 metabolites, including pyridoxic acid (PDA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were significantly increased after either 1 or 3 hours in plasma from the monkeys pretreated with PROB compared with the treated animals. The plasma of animals was then subjected to targeted LC-MS/MS analysis, which confirmed that the PDA and HVA AUCs increased by approximately 2- to 3-fold by PROB pretreatments. PROB also increased the plasma concentrations of hexadecanedioic acid (HDA) and tetradecanedioic acid (TDA), although the increases were not statistically significant. Moreover, transporter profiling assessed using stable cell lines constitutively expressing transporters demonstrated that PDA and HVA are substrates for human OAT1, OAT3, OAT2 (HVA), and OAT4 (PDA), but not OCT2, MATE1, MATE2K, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Collectively, these findings suggest that PDA and HVA might serve as blood-based endogenous probes of cynomolgus monkey OAT1 and OAT3, and investigation of PDA and HVA as circulating endogenous biomarkers of human OAT1 and OAT3 function is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David M Nelson
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Regina V Oliveira
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Colleen A Mcnaney
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Xiaomei Gu
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Ching Su
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael D Reily
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Petia A Shipkova
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jinping Gan
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yurong Lai
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Punit Marathe
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - W Griffith Humphreys
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.S., Y.Z., X.G., W.C., J.G., Y.L., P.M., W.G.H.), Discovery Toxicology (D.M.N.), Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences (R.V.O., C.A.M., M.D.R., P.A.S.), and Discovery Pharmaceutics (C.S.), Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Huo X, Liu K. Renal organic anion transporters in drug-drug interactions and diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:8-19. [PMID: 29109021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney plays a vital role in maintaining systemic homeostasis. Active tubular secretion and reabsorption, which are mainly mediated by transporters, is an efficient mechanism for retaining glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients and for the clearance of endogenous waste products and xenobiotics. These substances are recognized by uptake transporters located in the basolateral and apical membranes of renal proximal tubule cells and are extracted from plasma and urine. Organic anion transporters (OATs) belong to the solute carrier (SLC) 22 superfamily and facilitate organic anions across the plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells. OATs are responsible for the transmembrane transport of anionic and zwitterionic organic molecules, including endogenous substances and many drugs. The alteration in OAT expression and function caused by diseases, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) or other issues can thus change the renal disposition of substrates, induce the accumulation of toxic metabolites, and lead to unexpected clinically outcome. This review summarizes the recent information regarding the expression, regulation, and substrate spectrum of OATs and discusses the roles of OATs in diseases and DDIs. These findings will enables us to have a better understanding of the related disease therapy and the potential risk of DDIs mediated by OATs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Muraki S, Moriki K, Shigematsu S, Fukae M, Kakara M, Yamashita D, Hirota T, Takane H, Shimada M, Hirakawa M, Ieiri I. Population Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Uric Acid-Lowering Effects of Febuxostat Based on Electronic Medical Records in Two Hospitals. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 58:304-313. [PMID: 29045766 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model to describe uric acid (UA)-lowering effects in patients treated with febuxostat based on electronic medical records in 2 independent hospitals (university and city hospitals). Interhospital differences in the PPD model were also evaluated. We conducted the following 2 approaches to build the PPD models. A PPD model was developed separately using individual hospital data, and structural models and covariates between the two hospitals were compared (approach A). Another PPD model was developed using all available data from both hospitals, and differences between the 2 hospitals were evaluated by performing a covariate analysis on all PPD parameters (approach B). PPD analyses were performed by NONMEM using data from 358 patients. In both approaches, one indirect response model was established. In approach A, 2 diuretics (loops and thiazides) and renal function tests (Scr or BUN) were selected as covariates for the UA baseline level (serum UA levels just before the febuxostat treatment), whereas 2 diuretics and BUN were selected in approach B. A covariate analysis indicated that loops and thiazides increased UA baseline levels by 7%-14% and 6%-11%, respectively. In approach B, "hospital" was identified as a significant covariate for the UA baseline level; the baseline level was 7% higher in the city hospital. A PPD analysis may provide a precise description of the time course of the UA-lowering effects of febuxostat and quantitatively detect an interhospital difference in the UA baseline level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Muraki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Moriki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Saki Shigematsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Fukae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Hospital Pharmacy, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takane
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Miki Shimada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirakawa
- Hospital Pharmacy, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ben Salem C, Slim R, Fathallah N, Hmouda H. Drug-induced hyperuricaemia and gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:679-688. [PMID: 27498351 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is a common clinical condition that can be defined as a serum uric acid level >6.8 mg/dl (404 µmol/l). Gout, a recognized complication of hyperuricaemia, is the most common inflammatory arthritis in adults. Drug-induced hyperuricaemia and gout present an emergent and increasingly prevalent problem in clinical practice. Diuretics are one of the most important causes of secondary hyperuricaemia. Drugs raise serum uric acid level by an increase of uric acid reabsorption and/or decrease in uric acid secretion. Several drugs may also increase uric acid production. In this review, drugs leading to hyperuricaemia are summarized with regard to their mechanism of action and clinical significance. Increased awareness of drugs that can induce hyperuricaemia and gout, and monitoring and prevention are key elements for reducing the morbidity related to drug-induced hyperuricaemia and gout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ben Salem
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse and
| | - Raoudha Slim
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse and
| | - Neila Fathallah
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse and
| | - Houssem Hmouda
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
Transporters in proximal renal tubules contribute to the disposition of numerous drugs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tubular secretion have been progressively elucidated during the past decades. Organic anions tend to be secreted by the transport proteins OAT1, OAT3 and OATP4C1 on the basolateral side of tubular cells, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2, MRP4, OATP1A2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the apical side. Organic cations are secreted by organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 on the basolateral side, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1, MATE2/2-K, P-glycoprotein, organic cation and carnitine transporter (OCTN) 1 and OCTN2 on the apical side. Significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may affect any of these transporters, altering the clearance and, consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of substrate drugs. Interactions at the level of basolateral transporters typically decrease the clearance of the victim drug, causing higher systemic exposure. Interactions at the apical level can also lower drug clearance, but may be associated with higher renal toxicity, due to intracellular accumulation. Whereas the importance of glomerular filtration in drug disposition is largely appreciated among clinicians, DDIs involving renal transporters are less well recognized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles, quantitative importance and clinical relevance of these transporters in drug therapy. It proposes an approach based on substrate-inhibitor associations for predicting potential tubular-based DDIs and preventing their adverse consequences. We provide a comprehensive list of known drug interactions with renally-expressed transporters. While many of these interactions have limited clinical consequences, some involving high-risk drugs (e.g. methotrexate) definitely deserve the attention of prescribers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Livio
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Biollaz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhou F, Zhu L, Wang K, Murray M. Recent advance in the pharmacogenomics of human Solute Carrier Transporters (SLCs) in drug disposition. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116:21-36. [PMID: 27320645 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug pharmacokinetics is influenced by the function of metabolising enzymes and influx/efflux transporters. Genetic variability of these genes is known to impact on clinical therapies. Solute Carrier Transporters (SLCs) are the primary influx transporters responsible for the cellular uptake of drug molecules, which consequently, impact on drug efficacy and toxicity. The Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATPs), Organic Anion Transporters (OATs) and Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs/OCTNs) are the most important SLCs involved in drug disposition. The information regarding the influence of SLC polymorphisms on drug pharmacokinetics is limited and remains a hot topic of pharmaceutical research. This review summarises the recent advance in the pharmacogenomics of SLCs with an emphasis on human OATPs, OATs and OCTs/OCTNs. Our current appreciation of the degree of variability in these transporters may contribute to better understanding the inter-patient variation of therapies and thus, guide the optimisation of clinical treatments.
Collapse
|
76
|
Disposition and clinical implications of protein-bound uremic toxins. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1631-1647. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), adequate renal clearance is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of a plethora of uremic solutes. These uremic retention solutes, also named uremic toxins, are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds with intrinsic biological activities, many of which are too large to be filtered and/or are protein bound. The renal excretion of protein-bound toxins depends largely on active tubular secretion, which shifts the binding and allows for active secretion of the free fraction. To facilitate this process, renal proximal tubule cells are equipped with a range of transporters that co-operate in basolateral uptake and luminal excretion. Many of these transporters have been characterized as mediators of drug disposition, but have recently been recognized for their importance in the proximal renal tubular transport of uremic toxins as well. This also indicates that during uremia, drug disposition may be severely affected as a result of drug–uremic toxin interaction. In addition, CKD patients receive various drugs to treat their complications potentially resulting in drug–drug interactions (DDIs), also for drugs that are non-renally excreted. This review discusses the current knowledge on formation, disposition and removal of protein-bound uremic toxins. Furthermore, implications associated with drug treatment in kidney failure, as well as innovative renal replacement therapies targetting the protein-bound uremic toxins are being discussed. It will become clear that the complex problems associated with uremia warrant a transdisciplinary approach that unites research experts in the area of fundamental biomedical research with their colleagues in clinical nephrology.
Collapse
|
77
|
Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Merriman TR. The genetics of gout: towards personalised medicine? BMC Med 2017; 15:108. [PMID: 28566086 PMCID: PMC5452604 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there have been major advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of hyperuricaemia and gout as well as of the pharmacogenetics of urate-lowering therapy. Key findings include the reporting of 28 urate-associated loci, the discovery that ABCG2 plays a central role on extra-renal uric acid excretion, the identification of genes associated with development of gout in the context of hyperuricaemia, recognition that ABCG2 variants influence allopurinol response, and the impact of HLA-B*5801 testing in reducing the prevalence of allopurinol hypersensitivity in high-risk populations. These advances, together with the reducing cost of whole genome sequencing, mean that integrated personalised medicine approaches may soon be possible in clinical practice. Genetic data may inform assessment of disease prognosis in individuals with hyperuricaemia or established gout, personalised lifestyle advice, selection and dosing of urate-lowering therapy, and prevention of serious medication adverse effects. In this article, we summarise the discoveries from genome-wide association studies and discuss the potential for translation of these findings into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Kannangara DRW, Graham GG, Wright DFB, Stocker SL, Portek I, Pile KD, Barclay ML, Williams KM, Stamp LK, Day RO. Individualising the dose of allopurinol in patients with gout. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:2015-2026. [PMID: 28417592 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the study were to: 1) determine if a plasma oxypurinol concentration-response relationship or an allopurinol dose-response relationship best predicts the dose requirements of allopurinol in the treatment of gout; and 2) to construct a nomogram for calculating the optimum maintenance dose of allopurinol to achieve target serum urate (SU) concentrations. METHODS A nonlinear regression analysis was used to examine the plasma oxypurinol concentration- and allopurinol dose-response relationships with serum urate. In 81 patients (205 samples), creatinine clearance (CLCR ), concomitant diuretic use and SU concentrations before (UP ) and during (UT ) treatment were monitored across a range of allopurinol doses (D, 50-700 mg daily). Plasma concentrations of oxypurinol (C) were measured in 47 patients (98 samples). Models (n = 47 patients) and predictions from each relationship were compared using F-tests, r2 values and paired t-tests. The best model was used to construct a nomogram. RESULTS The final plasma oxypurinol concentration-response relationship (UT = UP - C*(UP - UR )/(ID50 + C), r2 = 0.64) and allopurinol dose-response relationship (UT = UP - D* (UP - UR )/(ID50 + D), r2 = 0.60) did not include CLCR or diuretic use as covariates. There was no difference (P = 0.87) between the predicted SU concentrations derived from the oxypurinol concentration- and allopurinol dose-response relationships. The nomogram constructed using the allopurinol dose-response relationship for all recruited patients (n = 81 patients) required pretreatment SU as the predictor of allopurinol maintenance dose. CONCLUSIONS Plasma oxypurinol concentrations, CLCR and diuretic status are not required to predict the maintenance dose of allopurinol. Using the nomogram, the maintenance dose of allopurinol estimated to reach target concentrations can be predicted from UP .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diluk R W Kannangara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Garry G Graham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sophie L Stocker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Portek
- Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin D Pile
- Department of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Murray L Barclay
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth M Williams
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard O Day
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Noguchi S, Nishimura T, Mukaida S, Benet LZ, Nakashima E, Tomi M. Cellular Uptake of Levocetirizine by Organic Anion Transporter 4. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2895-2898. [PMID: 28385546 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cetirizine, a nonsedating antihistamine, is profoundly affected by transporter-mediated membrane transport in the kidney. In this study, we aimed to investigate the transport mechanism of levocetirizine, the pharmacologically active enantiomer of cetirizine, via human organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4) expressed in the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules and the basal plasma membrane of placental syncytiotrophoblasts. In cells expressing human OAT4 under the control of tetracycline, levocetirizine uptake was increased by tetracycline treatment. On the other hand, OAT4 expression did not facilitate efflux of preloaded levocetirizine from the cells, either in the presence or absence of extracellular Cl-. The OAT4-mediated levocetirizine uptake was concentration-dependent with a Km of 38 μM. The uptake rate of levocetirizine via OAT4 was approximately twice that of racemic cetirizine, indicating stereoselective uptake of levocetirizine. On the other hand, OAT4-mediated [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate uptake was inhibited by dextrocetirizine and levocetirizine. Overall, our findings indicate that OAT4 mediates levocetirizine uptake but is unlikely to mediate the efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Saya Mukaida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0912
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Mandal AK, Mercado A, Foster A, Zandi-Nejad K, Mount DB. Uricosuric targets of tranilast. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00291. [PMID: 28357121 PMCID: PMC5368959 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid, generated from the metabolism of purines, has both proven and emerging roles in human disease. Serum uric acid in humans is determined by production and by the net balance of reabsorption and secretion in kidney and intestine. In the human kidney, epithelial reabsorption dominates over secretion, such that in normal subjects there is at least 90% net reabsorption of filtered urate resulting in a fractional excretion of <10%. Tranilast, an anti-inflammatory drug with pleiotropic effects, has a marked hypouricemic, uricosuric effect in humans. We report here that tranilast is a potent inhibitor of [14C]-urate transport mediated by the major reabsorptive urate transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4, and OAT10) in Xenopus oocytes; this provides an unequivocal molecular mechanism for the drug's uricosuric effect. Tranilast was found to inhibit urate transport mediated by URAT1 and GLUT9 in a fully reversible and noncompetitive (mixed) manner. In addition, tranilast inhibits the secretory urate transporters NPT1, OAT1, and OAT3 without affecting the secretory efflux pump ABCG2. Notably, while benzbromarone and probenecid inhibited urate as well as nicotinate transport, tranilast inhibited the urate transport function of URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4, OAT10, and NPT1, without significantly affecting nicotinate transport mediated by SMCT1 (IC 50 ~1.1 mmol/L), SMCT2 (IC 50 ~1.0 mmol/L), and URAT1 (IC 50 ~178 μmol/L). In summary, tranilast causes uricosuria by inhibiting all the major reabsorptive urate transporters, selectively affecting urate over nicotinate transport. These data have implications for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, the pharmacology of tranilast, and the structure-function analysis of urate transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Mandal
- Renal Divisions VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Renal Divisions Departamento de Nefrología Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Mexico City Mexico
| | - Andria Foster
- Renal Divisions VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kambiz Zandi-Nejad
- Renal Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
| | - David B Mount
- Renal Divisions VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Mrug S, Mrug M, Morris AM, Reynolds N, Patel A, Hill DC, Feig DI. Uric Acid Excretion Predicts Increased Blood Pressure Among American Adolescents of African Descent. Am J Med Sci 2017; 353:336-341. [PMID: 28317621 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia predicts the incidence of hypertension in adults and its treatment has blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in adolescents. To date, no studies have examined the predictive usage of hyperuricemia or urinary uric acid excretion on BP changes in adolescents. Mechanistic models suggest that uric acid impairs both endothelial function and vascular compliance, which would potentially exacerbate a myriad of hypertensive mechanisms, yet little is known about interaction of uric acid and other hypertension risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary study was aimed at the effects of stress on BP in adolescents. A community sample of 84 low-income, urban adolescents (50% male, 95% African American, mean age = 13.36 ± 1 years) was recruited from public schools. Youth completed a 12-hour (overnight) urine collection at home and their BP was measured during rest and in response to acute psychosocial stress. Seventy-six of the adolescents participated in a follow-up visit at 1.5 years when their resting BP was reassessed. In this substudy, we assessed the relationship of renal urate excretion and BP reactivity. RESULTS After adjusting for resting BP levels at baseline and other covariates, higher levels of uric acid excretion predicted greater BP reactivity to acute psychosocial stress and higher resting BP at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Urinary excretion of uric acid can serve as an alternative, noninvasive measure of serum uric acid levels that are predictive of BP changes. As hyperuricemia-associated hypertension is treatable, urban adolescents may benefit from routine screening for hyperuricemia or high uric acid excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anjana Madan Morris
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nina Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anita Patel
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Danielle C Hill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel I Feig
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Skwara P, Schömig E, Gründemann D. A novel mode of operation of SLC22A11: Membrane insertion of estrone sulfate versus translocation of uric acid and glutamate. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 128:74-82. [PMID: 28027879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Estrone sulfate alias estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) is considerably larger and much more hydrophobic than typical substrates of SLC22 transporters. It is puzzling that many otherwise unrelated transporters have been reported to transport E3S. Here we scrutinized the mechanism of transport of E3S by SLC22A11 (alias OAT4), by direct comparison with uric acid (UA), an important physiological substrate. Heterologous expression of SLC22A11 in human 293 cells gave rise to a huge unidirectional efflux of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate, as determined by LC-MS/MS. The uptake of E3S was 20-fold faster than the uptake of UA. Yet, the outward transport of Glu was inhibited by extracellular E3S, but not by UA. The release of E3S after preloading was trans-stimulated by extracellular dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), but neither by UA nor 6-carboxyfluorescein (6CF). The equilibrium accumulation of E3S was enhanced 3-fold by replacement of chloride with gluconate, but the opposite effect was observed for UA. These results establish that SLC22A11 provides entirely different transport mechanisms for E3S and UA. Therefore, E3S must not be used as a substitute for UA to assay the function of SLC22A11. In equilibrium accumulation experiments, the transporter-mediated uptake was a linear function of the concentration of UA and 6CF. By contrast, in the same concentration range the graph for E3S was hyperbolic. This suggests that SLC22A11 inserts E3S into a small volume with limited capacity, the plasma membrane. Our data support the notion that the reverse process, extraction from the membrane, is also catalyzed by the carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Skwara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edgar Schömig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lesinurad, a novel, oral compound for gout, acts to decrease serum uric acid through inhibition of urate transporters in the kidney. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:214. [PMID: 27716403 PMCID: PMC5048659 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess body burden of uric acid promotes gout. Diminished renal clearance of uric acid causes hyperuricemia in most patients with gout, and the renal urate transporter (URAT)1 is important for regulation of serum uric acid (sUA) levels. The URAT1 inhibitors probenecid and benzbromarone are used as gout therapies; however, their use is limited by drug–drug interactions and off-target toxicity, respectively. Here, we define the mechanism of action of lesinurad (Zurampic®; RDEA594), a novel URAT1 inhibitor, recently approved in the USA and Europe for treatment of chronic gout. Methods sUA levels, fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA), lesinurad plasma levels, and urinary excretion of lesinurad were measured in healthy volunteers treated with lesinurad. In addition, lesinurad, probenecid, and benzbromarone were compared in vitro for effects on urate transporters and the organic anion transporters (OAT)1 and OAT3, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity. Results After 6 hours, a single 200-mg dose of lesinurad elevated FEUA 3.6-fold (p < 0.001) and reduced sUA levels by 33 % (p < 0.001). At concentrations achieved in the clinic, lesinurad inhibited activity of URAT1 and OAT4 in vitro, did not inhibit GLUT9, and had no effect on ABCG2. Lesinurad also showed a low risk for mitochondrial toxicity and PPARγ induction compared to benzbromarone. Unlike probenecid, lesinurad did not inhibit OAT1 or OAT3 in the clinical setting. Conclusion The pharmacodynamic effects and in vitro activity of lesinurad are consistent with inhibition of URAT1 and OAT4, major apical transporters for uric acid. Lesinurad also has a favorable selectivity and safety profile, consistent with an important role in sUA-lowering therapy for patients with gout. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1107-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
84
|
Renal drug transporters and their significance in drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:363-373. [PMID: 27709005 PMCID: PMC5045553 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ for the elimination of therapeutic drugs and their metabolites. Renal drug transporters, which are primarily located in the renal proximal tubules, play an important role in tubular secretion and reabsorption of drug molecules in the kidney. Tubular secretion is characterized by high clearance capacities, broad substrate specificities, and distinct charge selectivity for organic cations and anions. In the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding the roles of transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, toxicity and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In the kidney, several transporters are involved in renal handling of organic cation (OC) and organic anion (OA) drugs. These transporters are increasingly recognized as the target for clinically significant DDIs. This review focuses on the functional characteristics of major human renal drug transporters and their involvement in clinically significant DDIs.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration curve
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CL, plasma clearance
- CLR, renal clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- DDIs, drug–drug interactions
- Drug–drug interactions
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GSH, glutathione
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ITC, International Transporter Consortium
- Ki, inhibitory constant
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridimium
- MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein
- MSD, membrane-spanning domain
- MW, molecular weight
- NBD, nucleotide-binding domain
- NME, new molecular entity
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Nephrotoxicity
- OA, organic anion
- OAT or Oat, organic anion transporters
- OATP or Oatp, organic anion-transporting peptide
- OC, organic cation
- OCT or Oct, organic cation transporter
- OCTN, Organic zwitterions/cation transporters
- Organic anions
- Organic cations
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PAH, p-aminohippurate
- Renal drug transporters
- SLC, solute carrier
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- TEA, tetraethylammonium
- TMD, transmembrane domain
- URAT, urate transporter
- fe, fraction of the absorbed dose excreted unchanged in urine
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Elevated serum urate concentration is the primary cause of gout. Understanding the processes that affect serum urate concentration is important for understanding the etiology of gout and thereby understanding treatment. Urate handing in the human body is a complex system including three major processes: production, renal elimination, and intestinal elimination. A change in any one of these can affect both the steady-state serum urate concentration as well as other urate processes. The remarkable complexity underlying urate regulation and its maintenance at high levels in humans suggests that this molecule could potentially play an interesting role other than as a mere waste product to be eliminated as rapidly as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hyndman
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Sha Liu
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Miner
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc., Biology Department, 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Nickel S, Clerkin CG, Selo MA, Ehrhardt C. Transport mechanisms at the pulmonary mucosa: implications for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:667-90. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1140144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nickel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe G. Clerkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammed Ali Selo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kufa University, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Sangkop F, Singh G, Rodrigues E, Gold E, Bahn A. Uric acid: a modulator of prostate cells and activin sensitivity. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:187-99. [PMID: 26910779 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) or urate is associated with inflammation and gout. Recent evidence has linked urate to cancers, but little is known about urate effects in prostate cancer. Activins are inflammatory cytokines and negative growth regulators in the prostate. A hallmark of prostate cancer progression is activin insensitivity; however, mechanisms underlying this are unclear. We propose that elevated SUA is associated with prostate cancer counteracting the growth inhibitory effects of activins. The expression of activins A and B, urate transporter GLUT9 and tissue urate levels were examined in human prostate disease. Intracellular and secreted urate and GLUT9 expression were assessed in human prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the effects of urate and probenecid, a known urate transport inhibitor, were determined in combination with activin A. Activin A expression was increased in low-grade prostate cancer, whereas activin B expression was reduced in high-grade prostate cancer. Intracellular urate levels decreased in all prostate pathologies, while GLUT9 expression decreased in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and high-grade prostate cancer. Activin responsive LNCaP cells had higher intracellular and lower secreted urate levels than activin-insensitive PC3 cells. GLUT9 expression in prostate cancer cells was progressively lower than in prostate epithelial cells. Elevated extracellular urate was growth promoting in vitro, which was abolished by the gout medication probenecid, and it antagonized the growth inhibitory effects of activins. This study shows for the first time that a change in plasma or intracellular urate levels, possibly involving GLUT9 and a urate efflux transporter, has an impact on prostate cancer cell growth, and that lowering SUA levels in prostate cancer is likely to be therapeutically beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Febbie Sangkop
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Geeta Singh
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ely Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Elspeth Gold
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Chu X, Bleasby K, Chan GH, Nunes I, Evers R. The Complexities of Interpreting Reversible Elevated Serum Creatinine Levels in Drug Development: Does a Correlation with Inhibition of Renal Transporters Exist? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1498-509. [PMID: 26825641 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In humans, creatinine is formed by a multistep process in liver and muscle and eliminated via the kidney by a combination of glomerular filtration and active transport. Based on current evidence, creatinine can be taken up into renal proximal tubule cells by the basolaterally localized organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and the organic anion transporter 2, and effluxed into the urine by the apically localized multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) and MATE2K. Drug-induced elevation of serum creatinine (SCr) and/or reduced creatinine renal clearance is routinely used as a marker for acute kidney injury. Interpretation of elevated SCr can be complex, because such increases can be reversible and explained by inhibition of renal transporters involved in active secretion of creatinine or other secondary factors, such as diet and disease state. Distinction between these possibilities is important from a drug development perspective, as increases in SCr can result in the termination of otherwise efficacious drug candidates. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with using creatinine as a marker for kidney damage. Furthermore, to evaluate whether reversible changes in SCr can be predicted prospectively based on in vitro transporter inhibition data, an in-depth in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) analysis was conducted for 16 drugs with in-house and literature in vitro transporter inhibition data for OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2K, as well as total and unbound maximum plasma concentration (Cmax and Cmax,u) data measured in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (X.C., K.B., G.H.C., R.E.), and Global Regulatory Affairs, Oncology, Immunology, Biologics & Devices (I.N.), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Kelly Bleasby
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (X.C., K.B., G.H.C., R.E.), and Global Regulatory Affairs, Oncology, Immunology, Biologics & Devices (I.N.), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Grace Hoyee Chan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (X.C., K.B., G.H.C., R.E.), and Global Regulatory Affairs, Oncology, Immunology, Biologics & Devices (I.N.), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Irene Nunes
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (X.C., K.B., G.H.C., R.E.), and Global Regulatory Affairs, Oncology, Immunology, Biologics & Devices (I.N.), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Raymond Evers
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (X.C., K.B., G.H.C., R.E.), and Global Regulatory Affairs, Oncology, Immunology, Biologics & Devices (I.N.), Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Racanicchi IACWS, Oliveira ABSD, Barbieri RL, Dellê H, Duarte IDS, Leme PLS. Experimental models of renal dysfunction in female rats. Functional and histological aspects after unilateral nephrectomy or ligation of right renal vein with kidney preservation. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 30:824-30. [PMID: 26735054 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150120000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare renal dysfunction after right nephrectomy and ligation of the right renal vein with preservation of kidney. METHODS Animals' weight, pH, density, protein in urine and histological samples of the kidneys were evaluated. Fifteen female rats (Wistar) were divided into three groups. In the control group, right renal vein dissections were performed. In the second group, the right nephrectomy was performed. In the third group, the right renal vein was ligated and the kidney was preserved. Urine samples were taken before, three and seven days after the procedure. On the seventh postoperative day the kidneys were removed to histopathological study. Analysis by Student's t test was performed. RESULTS weight loss, alterations of urine pH (p<0.05), in specific gravity, proteinuria (p<0.05) were found in groups 2 and 3; hemorrhagic infarction and edema were found after ligation of the right renal vein; changes in the left kidney were also observed on the seventh day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Humberto Dellê
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Physiology, UNINOVE, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Storer RI, Owen RM, Pike A, Benn CL, Armstrong E, Blakemore DC, Bictash M, Costelloe K, Impey E, Milliken PH, Mortimer-Cassen E, Pearce HJ, Pibworth B, Toschi G. The discovery and evaluation of diaryl ether heterocyclic sulfonamides as URAT1 inhibitors for the treatment of gout. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of acidic heterocyclic sulfonamides that are potent and selective URAT1 inhibitors is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy Pike
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism
- Pfizer Ltd
- Cambridge
- UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hannah J. Pearce
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Research & Development
- Pfizer Ltd
- Cambridge
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kim HO, Ihm CG, Jeong KH, Kang HJ, Kim JM, Lim HS, Kim JS, Lee TW. A Case Report of Familial Renal Hypouricemia Confirmed by Genotyping of SLC22A12, and a Literature Review. Electrolyte Blood Press 2015; 13:52-7. [PMID: 26848304 PMCID: PMC4737662 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2015.13.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old male visited our hospital because of pain in both flanks. His biochemistry profile showed an elevated serum creatinine level and low serum uric acid level. History taking revealed that he had undertaken exercise prior to the acute kidney injury (AKI) event, and he stated that family members had a history of urolithiasis. His renal profile improved after hydration and supportive care during hospitalization. Although the patient was subsequently admitted again due to AKI, his status recovered with similar treatment. Since the diagnosis of the patient was familial renal hypouricemia with exercise-induced AKI, we performed genotyping of SLC22A12, which encodes human urate transporter 1. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of a homozygous mutation of W258X. We herein, report a case of familial renal hypouricemia confirmed by genotyping of SLC22A12, and review the relevant literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun-Gyoo Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update recent developments in medications targeting hyperuricemia, but not including medications recently labelled in the European Union and the United States. RECENT FINDINGS A new xanthine oxidase inhibitor, Topiloric (Fujiyakuhin Co., Ltd. Japan) Uriadec (Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. Japan), has been developed and labelled in Japan. An inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Ulodesine, is in development in combination with allopurinol. The rest of the medications in the pipeline for hyperuricemia are targeting renal transporters of uric acid, mainly URAT1 and OAT4, acting as uricosuric agents. Most of them, such as lesinurad and arhalofenate, are being tested in trials in combination with allopurinol and febuxostat. The most potent RDEA3170 is being tested in monotherapy, but also associated with febuxostat. Recently, medications showing dual activity, inhibiting both xanthine oxidoreductase and URAT1, have been communicated or started exploratory clinical trials. There is no report of medications targeting other transporters such as Glut9 or ABCG2. SUMMARY There are a number of medications in the pipeline targeting hyperuricemia, mostly uricosurics in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors, but some targeting both xanthine oxidoreductase and URAT1. Increasing the number of available medications will ensure proper control of hyperuricemia to target serum urate levels in the near future for most, if not all, patients with hyperuricemia.
Collapse
|
93
|
Wu W, Bush KT, Liu HC, Zhu C, Abagyan R, Nigam SK. Shared Ligands Between Organic Anion Transporters (OAT1 and OAT6) and Odorant Receptors. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1855-63. [PMID: 26358290 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The multispecific organic anion drug transporters OAT6 (SLC22A20) and OAT1 (SLC22A6) are expressed in nasal epithelial cells and both can bind odorants. Sequence analysis of OAT6 revealed an evolutionarily conserved 79-amino acid (AA) fragment present not only in OAT6 but also in other SLC22 transporters, such as the organic anion transporter (OAT), organic carnitine transporter (OCTN), and organic cation transporter (OCT) subfamilies. A similar fragment is also conserved in some odorant receptors (ORs) in both humans and rodents. This fragment is located in regions believed to be important for ligand/substrate preference and recognition in both classes of proteins, raising the possibility that it may be part of a potential common ligand/substrate recognition site in certain ORs and SLC22 transporters. In silico screening of an odorant database containing known OR ligands with a pharmacophore hypothesis (generated from a set of odorants known to bind OAT6 and/or OAT1), followed by in vitro uptake assays in transfected cells, identified OR ligands capable of inhibiting OAT6- and/or OAT1-mediated transport, albeit with different affinities. The conservation of the AA fragments between these two different classes of proteins, together with their coexpression in olfactory as well as other tissues, suggests the possibility that ORs and SLC22 transporters function in concert, and raises the question as to whether these transporters function in remote sensing and signaling and/or as transceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Henry C Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Hypertension)(W.W., S.K.N.), Bioengineering (H.C.L.), Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), School of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Science (R.A.), and Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tomi M, Eguchi H, Ozaki M, Tawara T, Nishimura S, Higuchi K, Maruyama T, Nishimura T, Nakashima E. Role of OAT4 in Uptake of Estriol Precursor 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Into Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts From Fetus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2704-12. [PMID: 25919187 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estriol biosynthesis in human placenta requires the uptake of a fetal liver-derived estriol precursor, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α-OH DHEAS), by placental syncytiotrophoblasts at their basal plasma membrane (BM), which faces the fetal circulation. The aim of this work is to identify the transporter(s) mediating 16α-OH DHEAS uptake at the fetal side of syncytiotrophoblasts by using human placental BM-enriched vesicles and to examine the contribution of the putative transporter to estriol synthesis at the cellular level, using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Organic anion transporter (OAT)-4 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 proteins were enriched in human placental BM vesicles compared with crude membrane fraction. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was partially inhibited in the absence of sodium but was significantly increased in the absence of chloride and after preloading glutarate. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was significantly inhibited by OAT4 substrates such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estrone-3-sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein but not by cyclosporin A, tetraethylammonium, p-aminohippuric acid, or cimetidine. These characteristics of vesicular [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS uptake are in good agreement with those of human OAT4-transfected COS-7 cells as well as forskolin-differentiated JEG-3 cells. Estriol secretion from differentiated JEG-3 cells was detected when the cells were incubated with 16α-OH DHEAS for 8 hours but was inhibited in the presence of 50 μM bromosulfophthalein. Our results indicate that OAT4 at the BM of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts plays a predominant role in the uptake of 16α-OH DHEAS for placental estriol synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tawara
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachika Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Zhang N, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xu Y, Li G, Liu T. Ticagrelor-related gout: An underestimated side effect. Int J Cardiol 2015; 192:11-3. [PMID: 25981572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nixiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ekpenyong CE, Daniel N. Roles of diets and dietary factors in the pathogenesis, management and prevention of abnormal serum uric acid levels. PHARMANUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
97
|
Noguchi S, Nishimura T, Fujibayashi A, Maruyama T, Tomi M, Nakashima E. Organic Anion Transporter 4-Mediated Transport of Olmesartan at Basal Plasma Membrane of Human Placental Barrier. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3128-35. [PMID: 25820021 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating fetal transfer of olmesartan, an angiotensin-II receptor type 1 antagonist, are important as potential determinants of life-threatening adverse fetal effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the olmesartan transport mechanism through the basal plasma membrane (BM) of human syncytiotrophoblasts forming the placental barrier. Uptake of olmesartan by human placental BM vesicles was potently inhibited by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estrone 3-sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein, which are all typical substrates of organic anion transporter (OAT) 4 localized at the BM of syncytiotrophoblasts, and was increased in the absence of chloride. In tetracycline-inducible OAT4-expressing cells, [(3) H]olmesartan uptake was increased by tetracycline treatment. Olmesartan uptake via OAT4 was concentration dependent with a Km of 20 μM, and was increased in the absence of chloride. [(3) H]Olmesartan efflux via OAT4 was also observed and was trans-stimulated by extracellular chloride and DHEAS. Thus, OAT4 mediates bidirectional transport of olmesartan and appears to regulate fetal transfer of olmesartan at the BM of syncytiotrophoblasts. Efflux transport of olmesartan via OAT4 from syncytiotrophoblasts to the fetal circulation might be facilitated in the presence of an inwardly directed physiological chloride gradient and extracellular DHEAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | | | - Ayasa Fujibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8512, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Liu N, Wang L, Yang T, Xiong C, Xu L, Shi Y, Bao W, Chin YE, Cheng SB, Yan H, Qiu A, Zhuang S. EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2716-29. [PMID: 25788532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CKD and contributes to kidney fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition on the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the mechanisms involved. In a rat model of HN induced by feeding a mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased EGFR phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, accompanied by renal dysfunction and increased urine microalbumin excretion. Administration of gefitinib, a highly selective EGFR inhibitor, prevented renal dysfunction, reduced urine microalbumin, and inhibited activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and expression of extracellular proteins. Gefitinib treatment also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced activation of the TGF-β1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines in the kidney. Furthermore, gefitinib treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase activity, which mediates uric acid production, and preserved expression of organic anion transporters 1 and 3, which promotes uric acid excretion in the kidney of hyperuricemic rats. Thus, blocking EGFR can attenuate development of HN via suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and inflammation and promotion of the molecular processes that reduce uric acid accumulation in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | | | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology and Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Mandal
- Renal Divisions, Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - David B. Mount
- Renal Divisions, Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Yang H, Gao L, Niu Y, Zhou Y, Lin H, Jiang J, Kong X, Liu X, Li L. Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1591-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Lihui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| | - Yanfen Niu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| | - Yuanfang Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| | - Hua Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| | | | | | - Xu Liu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University
| |
Collapse
|