51
|
Chatterjee P, Nirgude A, Chatterjee PK. Healthy eating - a modifiable contributor to optimize healthy living in the COVID-19 pandemic: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1751-1758. [PMID: 34775607 PMCID: PMC8646809 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 2019 has posed major risks to global health and the economy. This coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed many of our everyday habits, including how we function and socialize, how we eat, and food preferences and selection. The average intake and status of certain vitamins and minerals can result in reduced immunity, which makes people more susceptible to illnesses and exacerbates malnutrition. The most critical factors in this scenario are individual risk evaluation and management techniques. Until general therapies are administered, the nutritional status of each infected patient should be assessed. The differing clinical severity of COVID-19 - from asymptomatic, to mild, to severe, to death - depends on the different metabolic status of the hosts who have contracted the virus, which is determined by their diet, age, gender, health, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A broad systematic exploration on studies of this disease was steered by means of electronic databases and was limited to articles published in English (or with an English abstract) in publications using words like 'health', 'diet', 'food', 'nutritional status', 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', 'modifiable contributor', 'immune system', 'micronutrients', 'vitamin', and so on. Careful individual consideration of the potential dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental hazards, along with any supplementation with micronutrients wherever required to help to boost the body's natural defence system, with the intention to improve all levels of immunity and the use of effective risk management techniques are appropriate ways to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Chatterjee
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Abhay Nirgude
- Department of Community MedicineYenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)DeralakatteIndia
| | - Pratik Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of PhysiologyKasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa J, Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Carreras O, Díaz-Castro J. Inflammation and oxidative stress, the links between obesity and COVID-19: a narrative review. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:581-591. [PMID: 35316507 PMCID: PMC8938224 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly become a pandemic. On the other hand, obesity is also reaching dramatic dimensions and it is a risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. Obesity has been linked to a high risk of serious-associated complications to COVID-19, due to the increased risk of concomitant chronic diseases, which highlights the health public relevance of the topic. Obese subjects have a pro-inflammatory environment, which can further exacerbate COVID-19-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, explaining the increased risk of serious complications in these patients. Another factor that favors infection in obese patients is the high expression of ACE2 receptors in the adipose tissue. The negative impact of COVID-19 in obesity is also associated with a decrease in respiratory function, the concurrence of multiple comorbidities, a low-degree chronic inflammatory state, immunocompromised situation, and therefore a higher rate of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, and death. In this review, the link between obesity and COVID-19 was analyzed, exploring the potential common mechanisms in both diseases, with special attention to oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the crucial role of both pathways in the development of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, , 18071, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, , 18071, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, University of Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, University of Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Díaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, , 18071, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Development of a predictive model for vitamin D deficiency based on the vitamin D status in young Japanese women: A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264943. [PMID: 35271624 PMCID: PMC8912175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an increased risk for lifestyle-related diseases. In Japan, VDD is quite prevalent in all age groups, with its high risk in young women. Furthermore, its association during pregnancy with gestational hypertension and low birth weight has also been reported. VDD can be diagnosed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, which, however, is not suited for screening. Therefore, we will create a predictive model for serum 25(OH)D concentration and prevalence of VDD based on such data as region, sun exposure habit, and vitamin D intake in young women. Methods From 2020 to 2022, we conduct a cross-sectional study of 600 young women in four regions of Japan, identify the indices associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as sun exposure habits, habitual vitamin D intake, ultraviolet-B irradiation, seasons (summer and winter) and latitude, and construct prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentrations and VDD risk. This study has been registered with UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000041527). Results One hundred and fifteen subjects have been collected from 6 institutions in winter as of May 2021. When data from more than 200 subjects have become available, we will conduct the interim analysis, summarize the data by region and facility, review the inclusion criteria for analysis, and check for missing values and outliers. Prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentration and VDD will be determined in the final analysis when all cases have been collected. Conclusions A screening tool for VDD risk to be developed in our study based on the predictive model would help the public and medical professionals prevent lifestyle-related diseases through improving VDD. Additionally, the results may serve as the scientific basis for determining the appropriate vitamin D intake and sun exposure standards.
Collapse
|
54
|
Cho HE, Myung SK, Cho H. Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplements in Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection: A Meta-Analysis for Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040818. [PMID: 35215468 PMCID: PMC8879485 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent results regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Methods: We investigated these efficacy results by using a meta-analysis of RCTs. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in June 2021. Results: Out of 390 trials searched from the database, a total of 30 RCTs involving 30,263 participants were included in the final analysis. In the meta-analysis of all the trials, vitamin D supplementation showed no significant effect in the prevention of ARIs (relative risk (RR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.01, I2 = 59.0%, n = 30). In the subgroup meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation was effective in daily supplementation (RR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.73–0.95, I2 = 69.1%, n = 15) and short-term supplementation (RR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71–0.97, I2 = 66.8%, n = 13). However, such beneficial effects disappeared in the subgroup meta-analysis of high-quality studies (RR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.78–1.02, I2 = 67.0%, n = 10 assessed by the Jadad scale; RR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.66–1.15, I2 = 51.0%, n = 4 assessed by the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool). Additionally, publication bias was observed. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplementation has no clinical effect in the prevention of ARIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-E.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Data Science, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-0479
| | - Herim Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-E.C.); (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Batista KS, Cintra VM, Lucena PAF, Manhães-de-Castro R, Toscano AE, Costa LP, Queiroz MEBS, de Andrade SM, Guzman-Quevedo O, Aquino JDS. The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:561-578. [PMID: 34791425 PMCID: PMC8689946 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle-gut-brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration. Among studies, there is much variation in vitamin B12 doses, chemical forms, supplementation time, and administration routes. Larger randomized clinical trials of vitamin B12 supplementation and analysis of markers such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, total folic acid, and, if possible, polymorphisms and methylation of genes need to be conducted with people with and without COVID-19 or who have had COVID-19 to facilitate the proper vitamin B12 form to be administered in individual treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila S Batista
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Vanessa M Cintra
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Paulo A F Lucena
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ana E Toscano
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Larissa P Costa
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Maria E B S Queiroz
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Suellen M de Andrade
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jailane de S Aquino
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:96-110. [PMID: 34815552 PMCID: PMC8609267 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation can prevent and cure nutritional rickets in infants and children. Preclinical and observational data suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system has a wide spectrum of skeletal and extra-skeletal activities. There is consensus that severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration <30 nmol/l) should be corrected, whereas most guidelines recommend serum 25OHD concentrations of >50 nmol/l for optimal bone health in older adults. However, the causal link between vitamin D and many extra-skeletal outcomes remains unclear. The VITAL, ViDA and D2d randomized clinical trials (combined number of participants >30,000) indicated that vitamin D supplementation of vitamin D-replete adults (baseline serum 25OHD >50 nmol/l) does not prevent cancer, cardiovascular events, falls or progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Post hoc analysis has suggested some extra-skeletal benefits for individuals with vitamin D deficiency. Over 60 Mendelian randomization studies, designed to minimize bias from confounding, have evaluated the consequences of lifelong genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations on various outcomes and most studies have found null effects. Four Mendelian randomization studies found an increased risk of multiple sclerosis in individuals with genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations. In conclusion, supplementation of vitamin D-replete individuals does not provide demonstrable health benefits. This conclusion does not contradict older guidelines that severe vitamin D deficiency should be prevented or corrected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Despoina Manousaki
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cliff Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Translational Skeletal Genomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:755-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
58
|
Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:3-15. [PMID: 35130635 PMCID: PMC8820968 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2), has rapidly spread worldwide, causing many deaths, the number of which continues to increase. Global public health organizations and governments have advised on the adoption of various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, use of masks, and social distancing, along with isolation or lockdown protocols to prevent SARS-COV-2 spread. There are vaccines and drugs that are confirmed but still many human suffer from this disease. Important risk factors for SARS-COV-2 infection are similar to other viral infectious diseases as including influenza, hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other lung infections. These diseases might be related to poor nutritional support, affecting the patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the nutritional therapies currently being investigated for infectious diseases. Studies have shown that nutrition has the potential to prevent and mitigate viral infections. Micronutrients (vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, and E, B9, and trace elements, such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium, and polyphenols) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, prebiotics, probiotics, protein [amino acids], and lipids [fatty acids]) affect the whole body, including the immune system, preventing viral entry and modulating clinical symptoms. This review discusses the importance of nutrition as a strategy to understand food groups and key nutrients that may affect the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the ongoing pandemic. Scientists believe that the likelihood of another pandemic is imminent. COVID-19 remains important and scientists believe it will continue will in the future. We emphasize the lack of studies on the nutritional impact of COVID-19 in terms of nutrition, even though nutritional interventions has been shown to have many advantages during the treatment of viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Öznur Özge Özcan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Mesut Karahan Tel: +90-5359517790, Fax: +90-2164741256, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mortensen C, Tetens I, Kristensen M, Snitkjaer P, Beck AM. Adherence and barriers to the vitamin D and calcium supplement recommendation at Danish nursing homes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 34991498 PMCID: PMC8733751 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing home residents are in high risk of vitamin D deficiency, which negatively affects bone health. Vitamin D and calcium supplements haves shown to increase bone density and reduce fracture risk. Therefore, The Danish Health Authority recommends all nursing home residents a daily supplement of 20 μg vitamin D and 800–1000 mg calcium. However, adherence to the recommendation and knowledge of it is unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate adherence, knowledge, and potential barriers to this recommendation in Denmark. Methods A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted in May–June 2020 among 50 randomly selected nursing homes widely distributed in Denmark. Questions included degree of adherence to the recommendation at each nursing home as well as respondent’s knowledge and attitudes towards it, and experienced barriers in relation to adherence. Results Respondents from 41 nursing homes answered the questionnaire, and these were mainly nurses (63%) or nursing home leaders (20%). Low adherence (≤ 40% of residents receiving both supplements) was reported at 35% of nursing homes, and only 8% of the nursing homes had a high adherence (> 80% of residents receiving both supplements). Most respondents (88%) had knowledge of the recommendation and 62% rated importance of increased implementation as high. Common explanations of low implementation were a lack of prescription by the general practitioner in the central electronic database (60%), resident-refusal to eat tablets (43%), chewing-swallowing difficulties (40%), and a high number of tablets given to the residents daily (34%). Conclusions The recommendation of daily vitamin D and calcium supplements to Danish nursing home residents is poorly implemented even though knowledge of the recommendation is relatively high. Barriers relate to an ambiguity of responsibility between the general practitioners and the nursing home staff, as well as the high number of tablets to be consumed in total by the residents. These barriers must be targeted to improve adherence in this vulnerable group of institutionalized older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mortensen
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Allé 51, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kristensen
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pia Snitkjaer
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Beck
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Dietetic and Nutritional Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 50, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Trivillin A, Zanella S, Castaldo RJ, Prati F, Zanconato S, Carraro S, Ferraro VA. Early Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Prevention of Wheezing, Asthma, and Respiratory Infections. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:866868. [PMID: 35402351 PMCID: PMC8990313 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.866868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheezing, asthma, and respiratory infections (RTI) are among the most common causes of morbidity in children and their economic and social burden could be significantly reduced by specific prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies suggest that lower levels of some nutrients are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions, but the possible protective effect of early supplementation with these nutrients has not yet been established. Aim of our review is to synthetize the available scientific evidence on the role of supplementation with pre- and probiotics, vitamin D, fish and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamin A, C, and E, given during the first year of life, in the prevention of wheezing, asthma and RTI. We searched studies published on this topic in the PubMed database between January 2000 and September 2021. As for pre- and probiotics, most of the studies showed that an early supplementation had no protective effect toward the development of asthma and wheezing, while conflicting results were reported on their role in the reduction of RTI. As for vitamin D, the available data suggest that early and regular (on a daily or weekly base) supplementation of vitamin D during infancy could have a role in the prevention of RTI, while most studies showed no effect in the prevention of wheezing or asthma. Finally, early introduction of fish in the diet in most studies has proved protective toward wheezing and asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trivillin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Zanella
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Prati
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Clarhed UKE, Schiöler L, Torén K, Fell AKM, Hellgren J. BMI as a risk factor for the development of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4953-4959. [PMID: 35305138 PMCID: PMC9474381 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a growing, global health problem and previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). There is, however, a lack of prospective studies regarding the impact of obesity on developing (new-onset) CRS. METHODS Questionnaire-based data (n = 5769) relating to new-onset CRS and Body Mass Index (BMI) were collected in 2013 and 2018 from the Telemark population study in Telemark, Norway. Odds ratios for the risk of new-onset CRS in 2018 in relation to BMI in 2013 were calculated, adjusted for smoking habits, asthma, gender and age. RESULTS When comparing the group with normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) with the obese group (BMI ≥ 30), the odds of new-onset CRS was 53% higher [OR 1.53 (1.11, 2.10)] in the obese group. CONCLUSION CRS is a multifactorial disease with different phenotypes and it is important to consider obesity when assessing patients with CRS in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika K. E. Clarhed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gröna Stråket 9, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden ,Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anne Kristin M. Fell
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway ,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Hellgren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gröna Stråket 9, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden ,Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
Vitamin D is involved in bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintaining serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, and by its action on bone growth and reorganization through osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells. Moreover, during the last three decades, novel actions of vitamin D have been discovered. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown links between serum vitamin D levels and non-communicable diseases. In line with these findings, a wide number of studies have suggested associations of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with respiratory tract infections, osteoporosis, and other chronic and metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D also exerts important actions in the clinical course of infectious and other acute diseases, particularly respiratory bacterial infections, tuberculosis, and virus infections, e.g., those generated by human immunodeficiency and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) viruses. The present article aimed to update the role of vitamin D in chronic and acute diseases. To know the role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases. To understand how vitamin D deficiency is related to obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. To know the function of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origins, namely respiratory infections. To understand the role of vitamin D in the prevention of HIV and SARS-Cov2 infections To know how vitamin D status affects the course of critical illness diseases
Collapse
|
63
|
Wu J, Yu Y, Yao X, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Tang W, Huang X, Ye C. Visualizing the knowledge domains and research trends of childhood asthma: A scientometric analysis with CiteSpace. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1019371. [PMID: 36245730 PMCID: PMC9562269 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1019371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children globally. In recent decades, advances have been made in understanding the mechanism, diagnosis, treatment and management for childhood asthma, but few studies have explored its knowledge structure and future interests comprehensively. OBJECTIVE This scientometric study aims to understand the research status and emerging trends of childhood asthma. METHODS CiteSpace (version 5.8.R3) was used to demonstrate national and institutional collaborations in childhood asthma, analyze research subjects and journal distribution, review research keywords and their clusters, as well as detect research bursts. RESULTS A total of 14,340 publications related to childhood asthma were extracted from Web of Science (core database) during January 2011 to December 2021. The results showed that academic activities of childhood asthma had increased steadily in the last decade. Most of the research was conducted by developed countries while China, as a developing country, was also actively engaged in this field. In addition to subjects of allergy and immunology, both public health aspects and ecological environmental impacts on the disease were emphasized recently in this research field. Keywords clustering analysis indicated that research on asthma management and atopy was constantly updated and became the two major research focuses recently, as a significant shift in research hotspots from etiology and diagnosis to atopic march and asthma management was identified. Subgroup analysis for childhood asthma management and atopy suggested that caregiver- or physician-based education and interventions were emerging directions for asthma management, and that asthma should be carefully studied in the context of atopy, together with other allergic diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study presented a comprehensive and systematic overview of the research status of childhood asthma, provided clues to future research directions, and highlighted two significant research trends of asthma management and atopy in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmeng Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinzhun Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianglong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xihu District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyin Ye
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Efird JT, Anderson EJ, Jindal C, Redding TS, Thompson AD, Press AM, Upchurch J, Williams CD, Choi YM, Suzuki A. The Interaction of Vitamin D and Corticosteroids: A Mortality Analysis of 26,508 Veterans Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:447. [PMID: 35010701 PMCID: PMC8744830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This data-based cohort consisted of 26,508 (7%) United States veterans out of the 399,290 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 1 March to 10 September 2020. We aimed to assess the interaction of post-index vitamin D (Vit D) and corticosteroid (CRT) use on 30-day mortality among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Combination Vit D and CRT drug use was assessed according to four multinomial pairs (-|+, -|-, +|+, +|-). Respective categorical effects were computed on a log-binomial scale as adjusted relative risk (aRR). Approximately 6% of veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 died within 30 days of their index date. Among hospitalized patients, a significantly decreased aRR was observed for the use of Vit D in the absence of CRTs relative to patients who received CRTs but not Vit D (aRR = 0.30; multiplicity corrected, p = 0.0004). Among patients receiving systemically administered CRTs (e.g., dexamethasone), the use of Vit D was associated with fewer deaths in hospitalized patients (aRR = 0.51) compared with non-hospitalized patients (aRR = 2.5) (P-for-Interaction = 0.0071). Evaluating the effect of modification of these compounds in the context of hospitalization may aid in the management of COVID-19 and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this and future infectious disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Charulata Jindal
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Thomas S. Redding
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew D. Thompson
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Ashlyn M. Press
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Julie Upchurch
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Christina D. Williams
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Ayako Suzuki
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (T.S.R.); (A.D.T.); (A.M.P.); (J.U.); (C.D.W.); (A.S.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Mazess RB, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D: Bolus Is Bogus-A Narrative Review. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10567. [PMID: 34950828 PMCID: PMC8674779 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the impact of bolus versus daily dosing of vitamin D on 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels, as well as on key countervailing factors that block vitamin D functions at the cellular level. Further, we discuss the role of bolus versus daily dosing of vitamin D for several health outcomes, including respiratory infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rickets, falls and fractures, any cancer, and cancer-related mortality. This discussion appears timely because bolus doses continue to be tested for various disease outcomes despite a growing amount of evidence suggesting lack of efficacy or even detrimental effects of bolus dosing of vitamin D for outcomes where daily dosing at modest levels was effective in the vitamin D deficient. As a result, these discordant results may bias health recommendations for vitamin D if the recommendations are based on meta-analyses combining both daily and bolus dosing trials. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Mazess
- Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,City Hospital Zurich University Clinic for Aging Medicine Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Bahrami A, Hosseini H, Akbari‐Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Rashidinejad A, Garavand F, Goudarzi M, Jafari SM. The direct and indirect effects of bioactive compounds against coronavirus. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021; 3:96-123. [PMID: 35462942 PMCID: PMC9015578 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses are known to pose a threat to humans in the world. COVID‐19, a newly emerging viral respiratory disease, can spread quickly from people to people via respiratory droplets, cough, sneeze, or exhale. Up to now, there are no specific therapies found for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this sense, the rising demand for effective antiviral drugs is stressed. The main goal of the present study is to cover the current literature about bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides, essential oils, and probiotics) with potential efficiency against COVID‐19, showing antiviral activities via the inhibition of coronavirus entry into the host cell, coronavirus enzymes, as well as the virus replication in human cells. In turn, these compounds can boost the immune system, helping fight against COVID‐19. Overall, it can be concluded that bioactives and the functional foods containing these compounds can be natural alternatives for boosting the immune system and defeating coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Halkali Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Center for Excellence in Post‐Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Food Additives Department Food Science and Technology Research Institute Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR) Mashhad Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari‐Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Jiangsu Wuxi China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Mostafa Goudarzi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Afzal M, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Imam SS, Nadeem MS, Al-Zahrani MH, Alzarea SI, Alquraini A. Current Overview on Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121843. [PMID: 34944659 PMCID: PMC8698997 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung disorders (ILDs) are one of the world’s major reasons for fatalities and sickness, impacting millions of individuals of all ages and constituting a severe and pervasive health hazard. Asthma, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis acute respiratory distress syndrome, and COPD all include inflammation as a significant component. Microbe invasions, as well as the damage and even death of host cells, can cause and sustain inflammation. To counteract the negative consequences of irritants, the airways are equipped with cellular and host defense immunological systems that block the cellular entrance of these irritants or eliminate them from airway regions by triggering the immune system. Failure to activate the host defense system will trigger chronic inflammatory cataracts, leading to permanent lung damage. This damage makes the lungs more susceptible to various respiratory diseases. There are certain restrictions of the available therapy for lung illnesses. Vitamins are nutritional molecules that are required for optimal health but are not produced by the human body. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) is classified as a vitamin, although it is a hormone. Vitamin D is thought to perform a function in bone and calcium homeostasis. Recent research has found that vitamin D can perform a variety of cellular processes, including cellular proliferation; differentiation; wound repair; healing; and regulatory systems, such as the immune response, immunological, and inflammation. The actions of vitamin D on inflammatory cells are dissected in this review, as well as their clinical significance in respiratory illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (M.H.A.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (M.H.A.-Z.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (M.H.A.-Z.)
| | - Maryam Hassan Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (M.S.N.); (M.H.A.-Z.)
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Ali Alquraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Liu D, Meng X, Tian Q, Cao W, Fan X, Wu L, Song M, Meng Q, Wang W, Wang Y. Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1044-1062. [PMID: 34999745 PMCID: PMC9340982 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have yielded inconsistent results on the associations of vitamin D concentrations with multiple health outcomes. In the present umbrella review we aimed to evaluate the effects of low vitamin D concentrations and vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes. We summarized current evidence obtained from meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between vitamin D concentrations and multiple health outcomes, meta-analyses of RCTs that investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes, and MR studies that explored the causal associations of vitamin D concentrations with various diseases (international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091434). A total of 296 meta-analyses of observational studies comprising 111 unique outcomes, 139 meta-analyses of RCTs comprising 46 unique outcomes, and 73 MR studies comprising 43 unique outcomes were included in the present umbrella review. Twenty-eight disease outcomes were identified by both meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies. Seventeen of these reported disease outcomes had consistent results, demonstrating that lower concentrations of vitamin D were associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, and type 2 diabetes. The combinations of consistent evidence obtained by meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies together with meta-analyses of RCTs showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality but not associated with the risk for Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, or type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation is a promising strategy with long-term preventive effects on multiple chronic diseases and thus has the potential to decrease all-cause mortality. However, the current vitamin D supplementation strategy might not be an efficient intervention approach for these diseases, suggesting that new strategies are highly needed to improve the intervention outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Dyussenova SB, Gordiyenko MY, Askarov MS, Tuleuova GK, Suleimenova SB, Кhussainova GS, Abisheva BI. The Role of Vitamin D in Respiratory Viral Infections and Other Infectious Diseases. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies and meta-analyzes have shown that reduced levels of 25 (OH) D in the blood contribute to impaired immunity and stimulate excessive inflammation that adversely affects the health of children: the risk of developing bronchial asthma (BA), obstructive bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis increases. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature data on the relationship between vitamin D, VRI and other infectious diseases with a clinical example.
Collapse
|
71
|
Nabi-Afjadi M, Karami H, Goudarzi K, Alipourfard I, Bahreini E. The effect of vitamin D, magnesium and zinc supplements on interferon signaling pathways and their relationship to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:21. [PMID: 34749737 PMCID: PMC8573303 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concern of today's communities is to find a way to prevent or treat COVID-19 and reduce its symptoms in the patients. However, the genetic mutations and more resistant strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerge; the designed vaccines and adjuvant therapies would potentially control the symptoms and severity of COVID-19. The most important complication of this viral infection is acute respiratory distress syndrome, which occurs due to the infiltration of leukocytes into the alveoli and the raised cytokine storm. Interferons, as a cytokine family in the host, play an important role in the immune-related antiviral defense and have been considered in the treatment protocols of COVID-19. In addition, it has been indicated that some nutrients, including vitamin D, magnesium and zinc are essential in the modulation of the immune system and interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Several recent studies have investigated the treatment effect of vitamin D on COVID-19 and reported the association between optimal levels of this vitamin and reduced disease risk. In the present study, the synergistic action of vitamin D, magnesium and zinc in IFN signaling is discussed as a treatment option for COVID-19 involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Karami
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kaveh Goudarzi
- Nursing Department, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Atanasovska E, Petrusevska M, Zendelovska D, Spasovska K, Stevanovikj M, Kasapinova K, Gjorgjievska K, Labachevski N. Vitamin D levels and oxidative stress markers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Redox Rep 2021; 26:184-189. [PMID: 34727009 PMCID: PMC8567917 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1999126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of oxidative stress. Vitamin D status has been reviewed as one of the factors that may affect disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels, oxidative stress markers and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods Vitamin D levels were measured in 33 patients with COVID-19. The total antioxidant power and plasma peroxides were determined in serum. Results Severe COVID-19 patients have lower vitamin D levels (18.39 ± 2.29 ng/mL vs. 28.47 ± 3.05 ng/mL, p < .05) and higher oxidative stress compared to the moderate group. When divided according to serum vitamin D levels, significantly higher values of LDH (604.8 ± 76.98 IU/mL vs. 261.57 ± 47.33 IU/mL) and D-dimer (5978 ± 2028ng/mL vs. 977.7 ± 172 ng/mL) were obtained in the group with vitamin D below 30 ng/mL, followed with significantly higher levels of plasma peroxides (d-ROMs: 414.9 ± 15.82 U.Carr vs. 352.4 ± 18.77 U.Carr; p < .05) and oxidative stress index (OSI: 92.25 ± 6.60 vs. 51.89 ± 6.45; p < .001). Conclusion The presented data provide a justification to consider vitamin D as an important factor that could ameliorate disease severity through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Atanasovska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Petrusevska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Dragica Zendelovska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Katerina Spasovska
- Intensive Care Unit, University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Milena Stevanovikj
- Intensive Care Unit, University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Katerina Kasapinova
- Intensive Care Unit, University Surgery Clinic 'St.Naum Ohridski', Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Kalina Gjorgjievska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Labachevski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ss Cyril and Methodius, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Chiappini E, Santamaria F, Marseglia GL, Marchisio P, Galli L, Cutrera R, de Martino M, Antonini S, Becherucci P, Biasci P, Bortone B, Bottero S, Caldarelli V, Cardinale F, Gattinara GC, Ciarcià M, Ciofi D, D'Elios S, Di Mauro G, Doria M, Indinnimeo L, Lo Vecchio A, Macrì F, Mattina R, Miniello VL, Del Giudice MM, Morbin G, Motisi MA, Novelli A, Palamara AT, Panatta ML, Pasinato A, Peroni D, Perruccio K, Piacentini G, Pifferi M, Pignataro L, Sitzia E, Tersigni C, Torretta S, Trambusti I, Trippella G, Valentini D, Valentini S, Varricchio A, Verga MC, Vicini C, Zecca M, Villani A. Prevention of recurrent respiratory infections : Inter-society Consensus. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:211. [PMID: 34696778 PMCID: PMC8543868 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) are a common clinical condition in children, in fact about 25% of children under 1 year and 6% of children during the first 6 years of life have RRIs. In most cases, infections occur with mild clinical manifestations and the frequency of episodes tends to decrease over time with a complete resolution by 12 years of age. However, RRIs significantly reduce child and family quality of life and lead to significant medical and social costs.Despite the importance of this condition, there is currently no agreed definition of the term RRIs in the literature, especially concerning the frequency and type of infectious episodes to be considered. The aim of this consensus document is to propose an updated definition and provide recommendations with the intent of guiding the physician in the complex process of diagnosis, management and prevention of RRIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiappini
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Departement of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia IRCCS San Matteo foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Galli
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Cutrera
- Respiratory Unit, Academic Pediatric Department, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Antonini
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Becherucci
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Lastra a Signa, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Biasci
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Livorno, Italy
| | - Barbara Bortone
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Bottero
- Airway Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Caldarelli
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Martina Ciarcià
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Ciofi
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D'Elios
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Mauro
- Pediatric Primary Care, National Pediatric Health Care System, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mattia Doria
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - Luciana Indinnimeo
- Pediatric Department "Sapienza", University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Departement of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Pediatrics "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Mattina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Odontoiatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman and Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Morbin
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Antonio Motisi
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Novelli
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Panatta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pasinato
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Torri di Quartesolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katia Perruccio
- Pediatric Oncology Hematology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Pifferi
- Department of Pediatrics Pulmonology and Allergology Section University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sitzia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Torretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Trambusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Trippella
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Department of Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Valentini
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit, Colle Val d'Elsa, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmen Verga
- Family Pediatrician, Local Health Unit Salerno, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Beck KL, von Hurst PR, O'Brien WJ, Badenhorst CE. Micronutrients and athletic performance: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112618. [PMID: 34662692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimising nutrition intake is a key component for supporting athletic performance and supporting adaption to training. Athletes often use micronutrient supplements in order to correct vitamin and mineral deficiencies, improve immune function, enhance recovery and or to optimise their performance. The aim of this review was to investigate the recent literature regarding micronutrients (specifically iron, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium) and their effects on physical performance. Over the past ten years, several studies have investigated the impacts of these micronutrients on aspects of athletic performance, and several reviews have aimed to provide an overview of current use and effectiveness. Currently the balance of the literature suggests that micronutrient supplementation in well-nourished athletes does not enhance physical performance. Excessive intake of dietary supplements may impair the body's physiological responses to exercise that supports adaptation to training stress. In some cases, micronutrient supplementation is warranted, for example, with a diagnosed deficiency, when energy intake is compromised, or when training and competing at altitude, however these micronutrients should be prescribed by a medical professional. Athletes are encouraged to obtain adequate micronutrients from a wellbalanced and varied dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, New Zealand, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Pamela R von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, New Zealand, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Wendy J O'Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, New Zealand, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Claire E Badenhorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, New Zealand, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Borsche L, Glauner B, von Mendel J. COVID-19 Mortality Risk Correlates Inversely with Vitamin D3 Status, and a Mortality Rate Close to Zero Could Theoretically Be Achieved at 50 ng/mL 25(OH)D3: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3596. [PMID: 34684596 PMCID: PMC8541492 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much research shows that blood calcidiol (25(OH)D3) levels correlate strongly with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. There is open discussion regarding whether low D3 is caused by the infection or if deficiency negatively affects immune defense. The aim of this study was to collect further evidence on this topic. METHODS Systematic literature search was performed to identify retrospective cohort as well as clinical studies on COVID-19 mortality rates versus D3 blood levels. Mortality rates from clinical studies were corrected for age, sex, and diabetes. Data were analyzed using correlation and linear regression. RESULTS One population study and seven clinical studies were identified, which reported D3 blood levels preinfection or on the day of hospital admission. The two independent datasets showed a negative Pearson correlation of D3 levels and mortality risk (r(17) = -0.4154, p = 0.0770/r(13) = -0.4886, p = 0.0646). For the combined data, median (IQR) D3 levels were 23.2 ng/mL (17.4-26.8), and a significant Pearson correlation was observed (r(32) = -0.3989, p = 0.0194). Regression suggested a theoretical point of zero mortality at approximately 50 ng/mL D3. CONCLUSIONS The datasets provide strong evidence that low D3 is a predictor rather than just a side effect of the infection. Despite ongoing vaccinations, we recommend raising serum 25(OH)D levels to above 50 ng/mL to prevent or mitigate new outbreaks due to escape mutations or decreasing antibody activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian von Mendel
- Artificial Intelligence, IU International University of Applied Sciences, D-99084 Erfurt, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Singh S, Kola P, Kaur D, Singla G, Mishra V, Panesar PS, Mallikarjunan K, Krishania M. Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in the Prevention of Viral Diseases: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:679312. [PMID: 34604272 PMCID: PMC8484310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.679312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, despite enormous scientific advances, viral diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity worldwide, and their potential to spread is escalating, eventually turning into pandemics. Nutrition can play a major role in supporting the immune system of the body and for the optimal functioning of the cells of the immune system. A healthy diet encompassing vitamins, multi-nutrient supplements, functional foods, nutraceuticals, and probiotics can play a pivotal role in combating several viral invasions in addition to strengthening the immune system. This review provides comprehensive information on diet-based scientific recommendations, evidence, and worldwide case studies in light of the current pandemic and also with a particular focus on virus-induced respiratory tract infections. After reviewing the immune potential of nutraceuticals based on the lab studies and on human studies, it was concluded that bioactive compounds such as nutraceuticals, vitamins, and functional foods (honey, berries, etc.) with proven antiviral efficacy, in addition to pharmaceutical medication or alone as dietary supplements, can prove instrumental in treating a range of virus-induced infections in addition to strengthening the immune system. Milk proteins and peptides can also act as adjuvants for the design of more potent novel antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Prithwish Kola
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Dalveer Kaur
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Gisha Singla
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India.,Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal, Longowal, India
| | - Vibhu Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| | - Parmjit S Panesar
- Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology Longowal, Longowal, India
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kazemi A, Mohammadi V, Aghababaee SK, Golzarand M, Clark CCT, Babajafari S. Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1636-1658. [PMID: 33751020 PMCID: PMC7989595 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review was conducted to summarize and clarify the evidence on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] concentrations and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and outcomes. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to 26 November 2020. All retrospective and prospective cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and randomized controlled trial studies that investigated the relation between 25(OH)D and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 severity were included. Thirty-nine studies were included in the current systematic review. In studies that were adjusted (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.53; I2: 44.2%) and nonadjusted for confounders (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.13; I2: 33.0%) there was a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the vitamin D deficiency (VDD) group. Fifteen studies evaluated associations between VDD and composite severity. In the studies that were adjusted (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.65, 4.01; I2 = 0.0%) and nonadjusted for confounders (OR: 10.61; 95% CI: 2.07, 54.23; I2 = 90.8%) there was a higher severity in the VDD group. Analysis of studies with crude OR (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.13, 6.05; I2: 47.9%), and adjusted studies that used the Cox survival method (HR: 7.67; 95% CI: 3.92, 15.03; I2: 0.0%) indicated a significant association of VDD with mortality, while in adjusted studies that used logistic regression, no relation was observed (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.75; I2: 76.6%). The results of studies that examined relations between VDD and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, pulmonary complications, hospitalization, and inflammation were inconsistent. In conclusion, although studies were heterogeneous in methodological and statistical approach, most of them indicated a significant relation between 25(OH)D and SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 composite severity, and mortality. With regard to infection, caution should be taken in interpreting the results, due to inherent study limitations. For ICU admission, inflammation, hospitalization, and pulmonary involvement, the evidence is currently inconsistent and insufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vida Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Sepidan Bagherololoom Health Higher Education College, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Keshtkar Aghababaee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Siavash Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Gnagnarella P, Muzio V, Caini S, Raimondi S, Martinoli C, Chiocca S, Miccolo C, Bossi P, Cortinovis D, Chiaradonna F, Palorini R, Facciotti F, Bellerba F, Canova S, Gandini S. Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer Mortality: Narrative Review of Observational Studies and Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093285. [PMID: 34579164 PMCID: PMC8466115 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the beneficial effects of vitamin D on survival of cancer patients. Overall evidence has been accumulating with contrasting results. This paper aims at narratively reviewing the existing articles examining the link between vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality. We performed two distinct searches to identify observational (ObS) studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation (VDS) in cancer patients and cohorts of general population, which included cancer mortality as an outcome. Published reports were gathered until March 2021. We identified 25 papers published between 2003 and 2020, including n. 8 RCTs on cancer patients, n. 8 population RCTs and n. 9 ObS studies. There was some evidence that the use of VDS in cancer patients could improve cancer survival, but no significant effect was found in population RCTs. Some ObS studies reported evidence that VDS was associated with a longer survival among cancer patients, and only one study found an opposite effect. The findings do not allow conclusive answers. VDS may have the potential as treatment to improve survival in cancer patients, but further investigations are warranted. We strongly support investment in well-designed and sufficiently powered RCTs to fully evaluate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0257489823
| | - Valeria Muzio
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Chiara Martinoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Diego Cortinovis
- SC Oncologia Medica, Asst H S Gerardo Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Canova
- SC Oncologia Medica, Asst H S Gerardo Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (C.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Salamanna F, Maglio M, Sartori M, Landini MP, Fini M. Vitamin D and Platelets: A Menacing Duo in COVID-19 and Potential Relation to Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810010. [PMID: 34576172 PMCID: PMC8468972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global data correlate severe vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, further suggesting the presence of a hypercoagulable state in severe COVID-19 patients, which could promote thrombosis in the lungs and in other organs. The feedback loop between COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and vitamin D also involves platelets (PLTs), since vitamin D deficiency stimulates PLT activation and aggregation and increases fibrinolysis and thrombosis. Vitamin D and PLTs share and play specific roles not only in coagulation and thrombosis but also during inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune response. Additionally, another ‘fil rouge’ between vitamin D and PLTs is represented by their role in mineral metabolism and bone health, since vitamin D deficiency, low PLT count, and altered PLT-related parameters are linked to abnormal bone remodeling in certain pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis (OP). Hence, it is possible to speculate that severe COVID-19 patients are characterized by the presence of several predisposing factors to bone fragility and OP that may be monitored to avoid potential complications. Here, we hypothesize different pervasive actions of vitamin D and PLT association in COVID-19, also allowing for potential preliminary information on bone health status during COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Melania Maglio
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366784
| | - Maria Sartori
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Paola Landini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Li X, van Geffen J, van Weele M, Zhang X, He Y, Meng X, Timofeeva M, Campbell H, Dunlop M, Zgaga L, Theodoratou E. An observational and Mendelian randomisation study on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk in UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18262. [PMID: 34521884 PMCID: PMC8440633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial respiratory infections. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 risk and outcomes. We used logistic regression to identify associations between vitamin D variables and COVID-19 (risk of infection, hospitalisation and death) in 417,342 participants from UK Biobank. We subsequently performed a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) study to look for evidence of a causal effect. In total, 1746 COVID-19 cases (399 deaths) were registered between March and June 2020. We found no significant associations between COVID-19 infection risk and measured 25-OHD levels after adjusted for covariates, but this finding is limited by the fact that the vitamin D levels were measured on average 11 years before the pandemic. Ambient UVB was strongly and inversely associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and death overall and consistently after stratification by BMI and ethnicity. We also observed an interaction that suggested greater protective effect of genetically-predicted vitamin D levels when ambient UVB radiation is stronger. The main MR analysis did not show that genetically-predicted vitamin D levels are causally associated with COVID-19 risk (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.55-1.11, P = 0.160), but MR sensitivity analyses indicated a potential causal effect (weighted mode MR: OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.95, P = 0.021; weighted median MR: OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.92, P = 0.016). Analysis of MR-PRESSO did not find outliers for any instrumental variables and suggested a potential causal effect (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.98, p-val = 0.030). In conclusion, the effect of vitamin D levels on the risk or severity of COVID-19 remains controversial, further studies are needed to validate vitamin D supplementation as a means of protecting against worsened COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jos van Geffen
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Weele
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- DIAS, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Andújar-Espinosa R, Salinero-González L. Vitamin D supplementation: A treatment with possible benefits in asthma. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:567-568. [PMID: 35702912 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Andújar-Espinosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chen YH, Cheadle CE, Rice LV, Pfeffer PE, Dimeloe S, Gupta A, Bush A, Gooptu B, Hawrylowicz CM. The Induction of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin by Vitamin D in Human T Cells Is TGF-β Dependent: A Proposed Anti-inflammatory Role in Airway Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667203. [PMID: 34458299 PMCID: PMC8397538 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D upregulates anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial pathways that promote respiratory health. Vitamin D synthesis is initiated following skin exposure to sunlight, however nutritional supplementation can be required to address deficiency, for example during the winter months or due to cultural constraints. We recently reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment induced alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) expression in CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells, with evidence supporting an immunoregulatory role. Research Question: To understand the relationship between vitamin D, lung AAT levels and T lymphocytes further we investigated whether TGF-β is required as a co-factor for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced upregulation of AAT by vitamin D in CD8+ T cells in vitro and correlated circulating vitamin D levels with lung AAT levels in vivo. Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 in combination with TGF-β1 increased AAT expression by CD8+ T cells, as well as VDR and RXRα gene expression, which may partly explain the requirement for TGF-β. CD4+ T cells may also require autocrine stimulation with TGF-β as a co-factor since 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with increased TGF-β bioactivity and neutralisation of TGF-β partially abrogated 1,25(OH)2D3-induced SERPINA1 gene expression. Neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T cells responded to the circulating vitamin D precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for induction of SERPINA1, suggesting that local generation of 1,25(OH)2D3 is required. Transcriptional gene profiling studies previously demonstrated that human bronchial epithelial cells rapidly increased TGF-β2 gene expression in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. Here, human epithelial cells responded to precursor 25(OH)D3 to increase bioactive TGF-β synthesis. CD8+ T cells responded comparably to TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 to increase 1,25(OH)2D3-induced AAT. However, CD8+ T cells from adults with AAT-deficiency, homozygous for the Z allele of SERPINA1, were unable to mount this response. AAT levels in the airways of children with asthma and controls correlated with circulating 25(OH)D3. Conclusions: Vitamin D increases AAT expression in human T cells and this response is impaired in T cells from individuals homozygous for the Z allele of SERPINA1 in a clinic population. Furthermore, a correlation between circulating vitamin D and airway AAT is reported. We propose that vitamin D-induced AAT contributes to local immunomodulation and airway health effects previously attributed to vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Huai Chen
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Cheadle
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V Rice
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Gupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory and Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Bayraktar N, Turan H, Bayraktar M, Ozturk A, Erdoğdu H. Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 94:154-160. [PMID: 34427934 PMCID: PMC8661791 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and relationship between the cytokine profile and protective vitamin D by measuring their serum levels in COVID‐19 intensive care unit patients with severe illnesses. A total of 74 patients were included in our study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in the COVID‐19 group (n = 31) and individuals without a history of serious illness or infection were used as the control group (n = 43). The serum concentrations of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐21, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Levels of serum vitamin D were detected with Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methodologies. TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐21, and vitamin D levels were measured in all patients. The serum cytokine levels in the COVID‐19 patient group were significantly higher (151.59 ± 56.50, 140.37 ± 64.32, 249.02 ± 62.84, 129.04 ± 31.64, and 123.58 ± 24.49, respectively) than control groups. Serum vitamin D was also significantly low (6.82 ± 3.29) in patients in the COVID‐19 group than the controls (21.96 ± 5.39). Regarding the correlation of vitamin D with cytokine levels, it was significantly variable. Our study shows that COVID‐19 patients are associated with lower serum vitamin D and higher pro‐inflammatory cytokines associated with increased virus presence. Our data provide more evidence of the anti‐inflammatory effect of vitamin D on COVID‐19 patients and the protective effects of vitamin D on risk were demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihayet Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Hamdiye Turan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozturk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Hamza Erdoğdu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated high interest in factors modulating risk of infection, disease severity and recovery. Vitamin D has received interest since it is known to modulate immune function and vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of respiratory infections and adverse health outcomes in severely ill patients. There are no population representative data on the direct relationship between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severity of COVID-19. Data from intervention studies are limited to 4 studies. Here we summarise findings regarding vitamin D status and metabolism and their alterations during severe illness, relevant to COVID-19 patients. Further, we summarise vitamin D intervention studies with respiratory disease outcomes and in critically ill patients and provide an overview of relevant patient and population guidelines. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in hospitalised patients, particularly when critically ill including those with COVID-19. Acute and critical illness leads to pronounced changes in vitamin D metabolism and status, suggestive of increased requirements. This needs to be considered in the interpretation of potential links between vitamin D status and disease risk and severity and for patient management. There is some evidence that vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of respiratory tract infections, while supplementation of ICU patients has shown little effect on disease severity or length of treatment. Considering the high prevalence of deficiency and low risks associated with supplementation, pro-actively applying current population and patient management guidelines to prevent, monitor and correct vitamin D deficiency is appropriate.
Collapse
|
85
|
Nimavat N, Singh S, Singh P, Singh SK, Sinha N. Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19: A case-control study at a tertiary care hospital in India. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102661. [PMID: 34377451 PMCID: PMC8339450 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the pandemic COVID-19 affected developing and developed countries, there is no proven treatment options available yet. The anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune modulator effect of Vitamin D could be beneficial to COVID-19. Aim To find out the possible association between Vitamin D and COVID-19. Methods The present case-control study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India. Total 156 cases and 204 controls were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Categorization of the patients were done based on clinical severity and level of Vitamin D. The association between these categories with different variables were analyzed using regression analysis and other statistical tests. Results The status of Vitamin D (optimal, mild to moderate deficiency and severe deficiency) differed significantly among cases and controls. Diabetes and hypertension were most prevalent comorbidities among cases. On regression analysis, the difference in Vitamin D level was significant (aOR, 3.295; 95%CI, 1.25-8.685). The association between Vitamin D status and clinical severity group was statistically significant among cases. Among all variables, age, diabetes, hypertension and clinical severity were associated with worst outcome. Conclusion Vitamin D status appears to be strongly associated with COVID-19 clinical severity. After COVID-19 confirmation, Vitamin D level should be measured in all patients and curative plus preventive therapy should be initiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Nimavat
- Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Shruti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Nishi Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Santos Ferreira RD, Dos Santos C, Maranhão Mendonça LAB, Espinola Carvalho CM, Franco OL. Immunonutrition effects on coping with COVID-19. Food Funct 2021; 12:7637-7650. [PMID: 34286803 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 implications are still a threat to global health. In the face of this pandemic, food and nutrition are key issues that can boost the immune system. The bioactivity of functional foods and nutrients (probiotics, prebiotics, water- and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, glutamine, arginine, nucleotides, and PUFAs) contributes to immune system modulation, which establishes the status of nutrients as a factor of immune competence. These foods can contribute, especially during a pandemic, to the minimization of complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is important to support the nutritional strategies for strengthening the immune status, associated with good eating habits, as a way to confront COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Dos Santos Ferreira
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil. and Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Margolin L, Luchins J, Margolin D, Margolin M, Lefkowitz S. 20-Week Study of Clinical Outcomes of Over-the-Counter COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211026193. [PMID: 34225463 PMCID: PMC8264737 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211026193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Setting. As the lethal COVID-19 pandemic enters its second year, the need for effective modalities of alleviation remains urgent. This includes modalities that can readily be used by the public to reduce disease spread and severity. Such preventive measures and early-stage treatments may temper the immediacy of demand for advanced anti-COVID measures (drugs, antibodies, vaccines) and help relieve strain also on other health system resources. Design and Participants. We present results of a clinical study with a multi-component OTC “core formulation” regimen used in a multiply exposed adult population. Analysis of clinical outcome data from our sample of over 100 subjects − comprised of roughly equal sized regimen-compliant (test) and non-compliant (control) groups meeting equivalent inclusion criteria − demonstrates a strong statistical significance in favor of use of the core formulations. Results. While both groups were moderate in size, the difference between them in outcomes over the 20-week study period was large and stark: Just under 4% of the compliant test group presented flu-like symptoms, but none of the test group was COVID-positive; whereas 20% of the non-compliant control group presented flu-like symptoms, three-quarters of whom (15% overall of the control group) were COVID-positive. Conclusions. Offering a low cost, readily implemented anti-viral approach, the study regimen may serve, at the least, as a stopgap modality and, perhaps, as a useful tool in combatting the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Margolin
- Comprehensive Pain Management Institute, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy Luchins
- Comprehensive Pain Management Institute, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Margolin
- Comprehensive Pain Management Institute, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Tavakol S, Tavakol H, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian A. The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines; Mythological or Reality? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:43-57. [PMID: 34254928 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210712213102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines are not a new concept, viruses, nature's nanomachines, have already existed for thousands of years. In 2019, the whole world has had to come together to confront a life-threatening nanomachine named "SARS-CoV-2", which causes COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2, a smart nanomachine, attaches itself onto the ACE2 and CD147 receptors present on the cell surfaces of the lungs, kidneys, heart, brain, intestines, and testes, etc. and triggers pathogenesis. Cell entry triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses resulting in tissue damage, with the worst affected cases leading to death. SARS-CoV-2 influences several receptors and signalling pathways; therefore, finding a biomaterial that caps these signalling pathways and ligand sites is of interest. This research aimed to compare the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and its elderly sisters', MERS and SARS. Furthermore, we glanced at emerging therapeutics that carry potential in eliminating SARS-CoV-2, and the tissue damage it causes. Simple prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hani Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mo S Alavijeh
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Ltd., London, . United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, . United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Coultas JA, Cafferkey J, Mallia P, Johnston SL. Experimental Antiviral Therapeutic Studies for Human Rhinovirus Infections. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:645-659. [PMID: 34276229 PMCID: PMC8277446 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus infection is common and usually causes mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract symptoms. Rhinoviruses can cause exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leading to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. There has been a great deal of progress in efforts to understand the immunological basis of rhinovirus infection. However, despite a number of in vitro and in vivo attempts, there have been no effective treatments developed. This review article summarises the up to date virological and immunological understanding of these infections. We discuss the challenges researchers face, and key solutions, in their work to investigate potential therapies including in vivo rhinovirus challenge studies. Finally, we explore past and present experimental therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of rhinovirus infections and highlight promising areas of future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Coultas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Cafferkey
- Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ul Afshan F, Nissar B, Chowdri NA, Ganai BA. Relevance of vitamin D 3 in COVID-19 infection. GENE REPORTS 2021; 24:101270. [PMID: 34250314 PMCID: PMC8260490 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the main culprit for COVID-19 disaster, has triggered a gust of curiosity both in the mechanism of action of this infection as well as potential risk factors for disease generation and regimentation. The prime focus of the present review, which is basically a narrative one, is in utilizing the current concepts of vitamin D3 as an agent with myriad functions, one of them being immunocompetence and a promising weapon for both innate and adaptive immunity against COVID-19 infection. Some of the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) overlap with the pathophysiological effects that are overcome due to already established role of vitamin D3 e.g., amelioration of cytokine outburst. Additionally, the cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19 infection may also be connected to vitamin D3 levels and the activity of its active forms. Eventually, we summarise the clinical, observational and epidemiological data of the respiratory diseases including COVID-19 disease and try to bring its association with the potential role of vitamin D3, in particular, the activity of its active forms, circulating levels and its supplementation, against dissemination of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falaque Ul Afshan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | - Bushra Nissar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre For Research and Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Morris SK, Pell LG, Rahman MZ, Mahmud AA, Shi J, Ahmed T, Dimitris MC, Gubbay JB, Islam MM, Kashem T, Keya FK, Mohsin M, Pullenayegum E, Science M, Shanta SS, Sumiya MK, Zlotkin S, Roth DE. Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation on Infant Acute Respiratory Infections: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial in Bangladesh. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:901-909. [PMID: 34213544 PMCID: PMC8557369 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants up to 6 months of age in Bangladesh. METHODS This study was nested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-arm dose-ranging trial of prenatal and postpartum vitamin D supplementation. One group of women received 0 IU vitamin D per week during pregnancy and for 26 weeks post delivery ("placebo" group), one group received high-dose prenatal vitamin D supplementation of 28 000 IU per week and 26 weeks post delivery, and there were 3 additional dose-ranging groups receiving vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy only (4200, 16 800, and 28 000 IU per week, respectively). Episodes of ARI were identified by active and passive surveillance. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed ARI, and the primary analysis compared the high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D vs placebo groups. RESULTS In total, 1174 mother-infant pairs were included. Among infants born to mothers in the placebo group, 98% had a venous umbilical cord 25(OH)D level below 30 nmol/L compared with none in the high-dose prenatal plus postdelivery vitamin D group. Incidence of microbiologically confirmed ARI in the high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D (1.21 episodes per 6 person-months; N = 235) and placebo groups (1.07 episodes per 6 person-months; N = 234) was not significantly different (hazard ratio of 1.12 [95% confidence intervals: 0.90-1.40]). There were no differences in the incidence of microbiologically confirmed or clinical ARI, upper, lower, or hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection between high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite a high prevalence of maternal baseline vitamin D deficiency and significant effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation on infant vitamin D status, the intervention did not reduce the risk of microbiologically confirmed ARI in infants up to 6 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun K Morris
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding Author: Shaun K. Morris, MD, Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Lisa G Pell
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joy Shi
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Michelle C Dimitris
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Munirul Islam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmid Kashem
- Primary and Community Health Branch, Ministry of Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farhana K Keya
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Minhazul Mohsin
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Science
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaila S Shanta
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mariya K Sumiya
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
James PT, Ali Z, Armitage AE, Bonell A, Cerami C, Drakesmith H, Jobe M, Jones KS, Liew Z, Moore SE, Morales-Berstein F, Nabwera HM, Nadjm B, Pasricha SR, Scheelbeek P, Silver MJ, Teh MR, Prentice AM. The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2021; 151:1854-1878. [PMID: 33982105 PMCID: PMC8194602 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease, and survival. OBJECTIVE The aim was to review the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and overnutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression of, COVID-19. METHODS We synthesized information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity, and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; PUFAs; iron; selenium; zinc; antioxidants; and nutritional support. For each section we provide: 1) a landscape review of pertinent material; 2) a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a wide range of preprint servers; and 3) a screen of 6 clinical trial registries. All original research was considered, without restriction to study design, and included if it covered: 1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), or SARS-CoV viruses and 2) disease susceptibility or 3) disease progression, and 4) the nutritional component of interest. Searches took place between 16 May and 11 August 2020. RESULTS Across the 13 searches, 2732 articles from PubMed and EMBASE, 4164 articles from the preprint servers, and 433 trials were returned. In the final narrative synthesis, we include 22 published articles, 38 preprint articles, and 79 trials. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is limited evidence that high-dose supplements of micronutrients will either prevent severe disease or speed up recovery. However, results of clinical trials are eagerly awaited. Given the known impacts of all forms of malnutrition on the immune system, public health strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition remain of critical importance. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes. This review is registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020186194.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip T James
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zakari Ali
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Bonell
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Carla Cerami
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Modou Jobe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Kerry S Jones
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Liew
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Morales-Berstein
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Nabwera
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Behzad Nadjm
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt J Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan R Teh
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Laneri S, Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, De Biasi MG, Pero ME, Pisanelli G, Scudiero O, Pero R. Antimicrobial Peptides and Physical Activity: A Great Hope against COVID 19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1415. [PMID: 34209064 PMCID: PMC8304224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), α- and β-defensins, possess antiviral properties. These AMPs achieve viral inhibition through different mechanisms of action. For example, they can: (i) bind directly to virions; (ii) bind to and modulate host cell-surface receptors, disrupting intracellular signaling; (iii) function as chemokines to augment and alter adaptive immune responses. Given their antiviral properties and the fact that the development of an effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment is an urgent public health priority, they and their derivatives are being explored as potential therapies against COVID-19. These explorations using various strategies, range from their direct interaction with the virus to using them as vaccine adjuvants. However, AMPs do not work in isolation, specifically in their role as potent immune modulators, where they interact with toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chemokine receptors. Both of these receptors have been shown to play roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis. In addition, it is known that a healthy lifestyle accompanied by controlled physical activity can represent a natural weapon against COVID-19. In competitive athletes, an increase in serum defensins has been shown to function as self-protection from the attack of microorganisms, consequently a controlled physical activity could act as a support to any therapies in fighting COVID-19. Therefore, including information on all these players' interactions would produce a complete picture of AMP-based therapies' response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.E.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Pisanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.E.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
The Role of Micronutrients in Ageing Asia: What Can Be Implemented with the Existing Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072222. [PMID: 34209491 PMCID: PMC8308403 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy as a measure of population health does not reflect years of healthy life. The average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled since 1900 and is now above 70 years. In the Asia-Pacific region, the proportion of aged people in the population is expected to double between 2017 and 2050. Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, which consequently affects quality of life. Suboptimal nutritional status is a contributing factor to the prevalence and severity of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic and ophthalmological functions. We have reviewed the published literature on nutrition and healthy ageing as it applies to the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on vitamins, minerals/trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids. Optimal nutritional status needs to start before a senior age is reached and before the consequences of the disease process are irreversible. Based on the nutritional status and health issues in the senior age in the region, micronutrients of particular importance are vitamins A, D, E, C, B-12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. The present paper substantiates the creation of micronutrient guidelines and proposes actions to support the achievement of optimal nutritional status as contribution to healthy ageing for Asia-Pacific populations.
Collapse
|
95
|
The effect of vitamin D3 and thyroid hormones on the capillaroscopy-confirmed microangiopathy in pediatric patients with a suspicion of systemic connective tissue disease-a single-center experience with Raynaud phenomenon. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:1485-1493. [PMID: 34132891 PMCID: PMC8207495 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Raynaud phenomenon (RP) may be the first manifestation of a systemic connective tissue disease (SCTD). Early detection of dysfunction of small vessels called microangiopathy is essential for the diagnostic process. The focus of this single-center, retrospective study was to investigate the potential dependencies between microvascular image and laboratory markers measured in children with RP. The study analyzed the nail-fold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) findings and laboratory results of 81 children between the ages 6 and 17 who were referred to pediatric rheumatologist with a suspicion of SCTD. Out of 52 patients presenting with RP at the time of evaluation, abnormalities in capillary microscopic imaging were found in 34. NVC findings were then compared to levels of specific biomarkers in serum. Vitamin D3 serum levels have been significantly decreased in patients with RP (23.4 ng/mL ± 8.76 vs. 30.0 ng/mL ± 12.66, P = 0.0148). There were positive significant correlations between levels of vitamin D3 and acute-phase reactants in serum, such as C-reactive protein (P = 0.0292). Furthermore, free thyroxine levels (fT4) in patients with both RP (P = 0.0126) and micro-angiopathy (P = 0.05496) persisted in the lower range of the normal limit (< 1.0 ng/dL). Regular oral supplementation of vitamin D3 should be always considered in children with RP if deficiency is found. Additionally, low fT4 level (< 1.0 ng/dL) should be considered as an indication to perform NVC in patients suspected of SCTD even when they do not present RP.
Collapse
|
96
|
Singh S, Nimavat N, Kumar Singh A, Ahmad S, Sinha N. Prevalence of Low Level of Vitamin D Among COVID-19 Patients and Associated Risk Factors in India - A Hospital-Based Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2523-2531. [PMID: 34163220 PMCID: PMC8214516 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s309003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The world is facing the most challenging pandemic in the 21st century. The developed and developing countries are facing the burden equally and no proven treatment options available. Recent studies suggest the plausibility of vitamin D therapy and prophylaxis for COVID-19, in the setting where the deficiency is more prevalent. Though evaluation of vitamin D status is not a routine in India, the present study focuses on the level of Vitamin d among COVID-19 patients. Methods The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional to find the status of vitamin D among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The demographic, comorbidity data were taken, and the level of vitamin D was measured by a chemiluminescence-based immunoassay analyzer. The analysis compared the level of deficiency and insufficiency among different groups of COVID-19 patients. The role of DM and HTN as risk factors for mortality was compared. Results Among the total study participants (156), 42.31% were obese and 17.31% were severe as per clinical severity. The total prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 58.97% and insufficiency was 89.1%. The prevalence was found high among male (61.02%), overweight (65.52%), and severe (62.96%) patients. The severity increases with advanced age (p<0.05) and important risk factors for mortality are DM, HTN, and advanced age. Conclusion The level of vitamin D can be assessed for the prognosis of COIVD-19 patients and help to modify the treatment protocol. Appropriate therapeutic/preventive intervention of vitamin D can alter the course and severity of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nirav Nimavat
- Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Shamshad Ahmad
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nishi Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Žmitek K, Hribar M, Lavriša Ž, Hristov H, Kušar A, Pravst I. Socio-Demographic and Knowledge-Related Determinants of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessment of an Educational Intervention. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648450. [PMID: 34150825 PMCID: PMC8206500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a pro-hormone, essential for musculo-skeletal health, normal immune system, and numerous other body functions. Vitamin D deficiency is considered as a risk factor in many conditions, and there is growing evidence of its potential role in the severity of COVID-19 outcomes. However, an alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is reported in many regions, and vitamin D supplementation is commonly recommended, particularly during wintertime. To reduce the risk for vitamin D deficiency in the Slovenian population during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted mass media intervention with an educational campaign. The objective of this study was to investigate vitamin D supplementation practices in Slovenia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the effects of the educational intervention on supplementation practices. Two data collections were conducted using an online panel with quota sampling for age, sex, and geographical location. A pre-intervention (N = 602, April 2020) and post-intervention (N = 606, December 2020) sampling were done during the first and second COVID-19 lockdown, respectively. We also focused on the identification of different factors connected to vitamin D supplementation, with a particular emphasis on vitamin D-related knowledge. Study results showed significant increase in vitamin D supplementation in the population. Penetration of the supplementation increased from 33% in April to 56% in December 2020. The median daily vitamin D intake in supplement users was 25 μg, with about 95% of supplement users taking safe vitamin D levels below 100 μg/daily. Vitamin D-related knowledge (particularly about dietary sources of vitamin D, the health-related impact of vitamin D, and the prevalence of deficiency) was identified as a key independent predictor of vitamin D supplementation. Based on the study findings, we prepared recommendations to support the development of effective awareness campaigns for increasing supplementation of vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Higher School of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Hribar
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Lavriša
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hristo Hristov
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Kušar
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Higher School of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Khan AH, Nasir N, Nasir N, Maha Q, Rehman R. Vitamin D and COVID-19: is there a role? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:931-938. [PMID: 33816359 PMCID: PMC8006885 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic requires a rapid understanding of the pathogenesis of the spectrum of the disease and factors associated with varied clinical presentations. Immune dysregulation with a cytokine storm (CS) progressing to ARDS with resemblance to sHLH is suggested as a main cause of tissue injury. Low levels of vitamin D were observed in COVID-19 cases with higher incidence of mortality in 20 European countries, increased risk of severity in COVID-19 contributing to ARDS or fulminant myocarditis and micro vascular thrombosis is proposed. Vitamin D may be protective against acute respiratory tract infections, as it regulates the inflammatory cytokine response of respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages, suppress CS and other manifestations seen in SARS-Cov-2. Hence, it is suggested as one of the therapies in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Major research gaps are identified globally in clinical management and this relationship. There is an imperative requisite to understand the interplay of markers in SARS-CoV-2, its risk factors and potential role of vitamin D to improve clinical outcome by pandemic of COVID-19. We therefore perform this review for understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the role of vitamin D in combating it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Habib Khan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine & Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Dos Santos RN, Maeda SS, Jardim JR, Lazaretti-Castro M. Reasons to avoid vitamin D deficiency during COVID-19 pandemic. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 64:498-506. [PMID: 34033288 PMCID: PMC10118971 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal system are well established. Its deficiency causes osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and an increased risk for fractures and falls. However, clinical and experimental evidence points to extra-skeletal actions of vitamin D, including on immune and respiratory systems. Thus, during this COVID-19 pandemic, a possible deleterious role of vitamin D deficiency has been questioned. This paper aims to present a brief review of the literature and discuss, based on evidence, the role of vitamin D in the lung function and in the prevention of respiratory infections. Relevant articles were searched in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO/LILACS. The mechanisms of vitamin D action in the immune system response will be discussed. Clinical data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show benefits in the prevention of respiratory infections and improvement of pulmonary function when vitamin D-deficient patients are supplemented. At the time of writing this paper, no published data on vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 have been found. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended during this period of social isolation to avoid any deficiency, especially in the context of bone outcomes, aiming to achieve normal values of 25(OH)D. The prevention of respiratory infections and improvement of pulmonary function are additional benefits observed when vitamin D deficiency is treated. Thus far, any protective effect of vitamin D specifically against severe COVID-19 remains unclear. We also emphasize avoiding bolus or extremely high doses of vitamin D, which can increase the risk of intoxication without evidence of benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Nolasco Dos Santos
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
| | - José Roberto Jardim
- Disciplina de Pneumologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Stroehlein JK, Wallqvist J, Iannizzi C, Mikolajewska A, Metzendorf MI, Benstoem C, Meybohm P, Becker M, Skoetz N, Stegemann M, Piechotta V. Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 5:CD015043. [PMID: 34029377 PMCID: PMC8406457 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D supplementation as a treatment for COVID-19 has been a subject of considerable discussion. A thorough understanding of the current evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 based on randomised controlled trials is required. OBJECTIVES To assess whether vitamin D supplementation is effective and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 in comparison to an active comparator, placebo, or standard of care alone, and to maintain the currency of the evidence, using a living systematic review approach. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Web of Science and the WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease to identify completed and ongoing studies without language restrictions to 11 March 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We followed standard Cochrane methodology. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating vitamin D supplementation for people with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, age, gender or ethnicity. We excluded studies investigating preventive effects, or studies including populations with other coronavirus diseases (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methodology. To assess bias in included studies, we used the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB 2) for RCTs. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach for the following prioritised outcome categories: individuals with moderate or severe COVID-19: all-cause mortality, clinical status, quality of life, adverse events, serious adverse events, and for individuals with asymptomatic or mild disease: all-cause mortality, development of severe clinical COVID-19 symptoms, quality of life, adverse events, serious adverse events. MAIN RESULTS We identified three RCTs with 356 participants, of whom 183 received vitamin D. In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical progression scale, two studies investigated participants with moderate or severe disease, and one study individuals with mild or asymptomatic disease. The control groups consisted of placebo treatment or standard of care alone. Effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for people with COVID-19 and moderate to severe disease We included two studies with 313 participants. Due to substantial clinical and methodological diversity of both studies, we were not able to pool data. Vitamin D status was unknown in one study, whereas the other study reported data for vitamin D deficient participants. One study administered multiple doses of oral calcifediol at days 1, 3 and 7, whereas the other study gave a single high dose of oral cholecalciferol at baseline. We assessed one study with low risk of bias for effectiveness outcomes, and the other with some concerns about randomisation and selective reporting. All-cause mortality at hospital discharge (313 participants) We found two studies reporting data for this outcome. One study reported no deaths when treated with vitamin D out of 50 participants, compared to two deaths out of 26 participants in the control group (Risk ratio (RR) 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 2.13). The other study reported nine deaths out of 119 individuals in the vitamin D group, whereas six participants out of 118 died in the placebo group (RR 1.49, 95% CI 0.55 to 4.04]. We are very uncertain whether vitamin D has an effect on all-cause mortality at hospital discharge (very low-certainty evidence). Clinical status assessed by the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (237 participants) We found one study reporting data for this outcome. Nine out of 119 participants needed invasive mechanical ventilation when treated with vitamin D, compared to 17 out of 118 participants in the placebo group (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.13). Vitamin D supplementation may decrease need for invasive mechanical ventilation, but the evidence is uncertain (low-certainty evidence). Quality of life We did not find data for quality of life. Safety of vitamin D supplementation for people with COVID-19 and moderate to severe disease We did not include data from one study, because assessment of serious adverse events was not described and we are concerned that data might have been inconsistently measured. This study reported vomiting in one out of 119 participants immediately after vitamin D intake (RR 2.98, 95% CI 0.12 to 72.30). We are very uncertain whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with higher risk for adverse events (very low-certainty). Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D supplementation for people with COVID-19 and asymptomatic or mild disease We found one study including 40 individuals, which did not report our prioritised outcomes, but instead data for viral clearance, inflammatory markers, and vitamin D serum levels. The authors reported no events of hypercalcaemia, but recording and assessment of further adverse events remains unclear. Authors administered oral cholecalciferol in daily doses for at least 14 days, and continued with weekly doses if vitamin D blood levels were > 50 ng/mL. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient evidence to determine the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation as a treatment of COVID-19. The evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19 is very uncertain. Moreover, we found only limited safety information, and were concerned about consistency in measurement and recording of these outcomes. There was substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity of included studies, mainly because of different supplementation strategies, formulations, vitamin D status of participants, and reported outcomes. There is an urgent need for well-designed and adequately powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with an appropriate randomisation procedure, comparability of study arms and preferably double-blinding. We identified 21 ongoing and three completed studies without published results, which indicates that these needs will be addressed and that our findings are subject to change in the future. Due to the living approach of this work, we will update the review periodically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kristin Stroehlein
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Wallqvist
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Iannizzi
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agata Mikolajewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group, Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Benstoem
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marie Becker
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Cancer, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Stegemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Piechotta
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|