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Wang YL, Zheng CM, Lee YH, Cheng YY, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Micro- and Nanosized Substances Cause Different Autophagy-Related Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4787. [PMID: 33946416 PMCID: PMC8124422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid industrialization, humans produce an increasing number of products. The composition of these products is usually decomposed. However, some substances are not easily broken down and gradually become environmental pollutants. In addition, these substances may cause bioaccumulation, since the substances can be fragmented into micro- and nanoparticles. These particles or their interactions with other toxic matter circulate in humans via the food chain or air. Whether these micro- and nanoparticles interfere with extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their similar sizes is unclear. Micro- and nanoparticles (MSs and NSs) induce several cell responses and are engulfed by cells depending on their size, for example, particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). Autophagy is a mechanism by which pathogens are destroyed in cells. Some artificial materials are not easily decomposed in organisms. How do these cells or tissues respond? In addition, autophagy operates through two pathways (increasing cell death or cell survival) in tumorigenesis. Many MSs and NSs have been found that induce autophagy in various cells and tissues. As a result, this review focuses on how these particles interfere with cells and tissues. Here, we review MSs, NSs, and PM2.5, which result in different autophagy-related responses in various tissues or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-F.L.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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Yang K, Xu M, Cao J, Zhu Q, Rahman M, Holmén BA, Fukagawa NK, Zhu J. Ultrafine particles altered gut microbial population and metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner in an obese mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6906. [PMID: 33767227 PMCID: PMC7994449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the connection between exposure to air pollution and the increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities. Given the recent interest in studying the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) on the health of obese individuals, this study examined the effects of gastrointestinal UFP exposure on gut microbial composition and metabolic function using an in vivo murine model of obesity in both sexes. UFPs generated from light-duty diesel engine combustion of petrodiesel (B0) and a petrodiesel/biodiesel fuel blend (80:20 v/v, B20) were administered orally. Multi-omics approaches, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, semi-quantitatively compared the effects of 10-day UFP exposures on obese C57B6 mouse gut microbial population, changes in diversity and community function compared to a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) control group. Our results show that sex-specific differences in the gut microbial population in response to UFP exposure can be observed, as UFPs appear to have a differential impact on several bacterial families in males and females. Meanwhile, the alteration of seventy-five metabolites from the gut microbial metabolome varied significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05) across the PBS control, B0, and B20 groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fuel-type specific disruption to the microbial metabolome was observed in both sexes, with stronger disruptive effects found in females in comparison to male obese mice. Metabolic signatures of bacterial cellular oxidative stress, such as the decreased concentration of nucleotides and lipids and increased concentrations of carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin metabolites were detected. Furthermore, blood metabolites from the obese mice were differentially affected by the fuel types used to generate the UFPs (B0 vs. B20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Monica Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Britt A Holmén
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 302D Wiseman Hall, 400 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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53
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Singh N, Singh S. Interstitial Lung Diseases and Air Pollution: Narrative Review of Literature. Pulm Ther 2021; 7:89-100. [PMID: 33689161 PMCID: PMC7943709 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung malignancies. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the current data on the possible association between air pollution and interstitial lung disease (ILD). There are multiple studies showing the association of ILD with air pollution but the mechanism remains unclear. Although some of the environmental factors have been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and pneumoconiosis, data about other ILDs are scarce and not well known. Air pollution as an etiology for ILD may act in multiple ways, leading to disease pathogenesis or exacerbation of underlying ILD. Clinical implications of this association are manifold; limiting the exposure to poor-quality air could possibly reduce the fall in lung functions and the risk of acute exacerbations of the underlying ILD. Air pollution is a major problem worldwide. Pollutants are vented out in the ambient air by sources like vehicular fume exhaust, factory pollution, combustion by burning of biomass fuels, and indoor pollution. The probable constituents responsible for respiratory diseases are particulate matter 2.5 and 10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone present in polluted air. The role of these pollutants in pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex. The probable pathways include: oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere shortening. ILD is a heterogeneous group of diseases, and the effect of pollution on various types is also varied. Air pollution has been associated with poor lung function and exacerbations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), increased prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and presence of pulmonary fibrosis in healthy adults and children. The incidence rate of IPF has also been associated with pollutant levels such as NO2. Thus, patients with ILD should be cautious during bad-quality air days and they are advised to avoid outdoor activities and use facemasks during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sheetu Singh
- Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, Institute of Respiratory Disease, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India.
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Source-specific contributions of particulate matter to asthma-related pediatric emergency department utilization. Health Inf Sci Syst 2021; 9:12. [PMID: 33786161 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-021-00141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with different chronic diseases. It is crucial to identify the sources of ambient particulate matter to reduce the impact on health. Still, only a few studies have been linked with specific ambient particulate matter sources. In this study, we estimated the contributions of sources of PM2.5 and examined their association with daily asthma hospital utilization in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We used a model-based clustering method to group days with similar source-specific contributions into six distinct clusters. Specifically, elevated PM2.5 concentrations occurring on days characterized by low coal combustion contributions showed a significantly reduced risk of hospital utilization for asthma (rate ratio: 0.86, 95% CI: [0.77, 0.95]) compared to other clusters. Reducing coal combustion contribution to PM2.5 levels could be an effective intervention for lowering asthma-related hospital utilization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-021-00141-z.
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Martenies SE, Keller JP, WeMott S, Kuiper G, Ross Z, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Starling AP, Dabelea D, Magzamen S. A Spatiotemporal Prediction Model for Black Carbon in the Denver Metropolitan Area, 2009-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3112-3123. [PMID: 33596061 PMCID: PMC8313050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on health effects of air pollution from local sources require exposure assessments that capture spatial and temporal trends. To facilitate intraurban studies in Denver, Colorado, we developed a spatiotemporal prediction model for black carbon (BC). To inform our model, we collected more than 700 weekly BC samples using personal air samplers from 2018 to 2020. The model incorporated spatial and spatiotemporal predictors and smoothed time trends to generate point-level weekly predictions of BC concentrations for the years 2009-2020. Our results indicate that our model reliably predicted weekly BC concentrations across the region during the year in which we collected data. We achieved a 10-fold cross-validation R2 of 0.83 and a root-mean-square error of 0.15 μg/m3 for weekly BC concentrations predicted at our sampling locations. Predicted concentrations displayed expected temporal trends, with the highest concentrations predicted during winter months. Thus, our prediction model improves on typical land use regression models that generally only capture spatial gradients. However, our model is limited by a lack of long-term BC monitoring data for full validation of historical predictions. BC predictions from the weekly spatiotemporal model will be used in traffic-related air pollution exposure-disease associations more precisely than previous models for the region have allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Joshua P Keller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Sherry WeMott
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Grace Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Zev Ross
- ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Pini L, Giordani J, Gardini G, Concoreggi C, Pini A, Perger E, Vizzardi E, Di Bona D, Cappelli C, Ciarfaglia M, Tantucci C. Emergency department admission and hospitalization for COPD exacerbation and particulate matter short-term exposure in Brescia, a highly polluted town in northern Italy. Respir Med 2021; 179:106334. [PMID: 33640663 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to high Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations worsens several respiratory conditions. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between short-term exposure to Particulate Matter and fine Particulate Matter (PM10 - PM2.5) and Emergency Department (ED) admissions and hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation observed at the University Hospital, Spedali Civili of Brescia, a city with some of the highest yearly levels of air pollution in Italy. METHODS We collected data from patients admitted to the ED with a COPD exacerbation diagnosis, starting from January 2014 to January 2016. Daily PM levels were collected from the Environmental Protection Regional Agency (ARPA). We performed a time-series analysis using the Poisson regression model with single and multiple day-lag. Results were expressed as Relative Risk (RR) and Excess of Relative Risk (ER) for COPD exacerbation-related ED admissions and hospitalizations, over a 10μg/m3 increase in PM concentration. RESULTS We collected data from 431 COPD patients. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly associated with the risk of COPD exacerbation-related ED admission and hospitalization. Each increase of 10μg/m3 of PM10 and PM2.5 corresponded respectively to a RR for ED admissions of 1.06 and 1.08 at lag0-1; 1.06 and 1.09 at lag0-5 (p < 0.05). Similar results for COPD Exacerbation-related hospitalizations were found, with a RR of 1.07 and 1.10 at lag0-1 and 1.07 and 1.11 at lag0-5 for each increase of 10μg/m3 PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in a highly polluted city of Northern Italy, short-term increase in exposure to PM10-PM2.5 is associated with a higher risk of ED admission and hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation with a greater incidence during the winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pini
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Jordan Giordani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Concoreggi
- Emergency Department, ASST - Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Epicentre, Departement de épidemiologie D'Intervention et Formation, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Ciarfaglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Tantucci
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Kim H, Choe SA, Kim OJ, Kim SY, Kim S, Im C, Kim YS, Yoon TK. Outdoor air pollution and diminished ovarian reserve among infertile Korean women. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:20. [PMID: 33573606 PMCID: PMC7879617 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence implicates an association between ambient air pollution and impaired reproductive potential of human. Our study aimed to assess the association between air pollution and ovarian reserve in young, infertile women. Methods Our study included 2276 Korean women who attended a single fertility center in 2016–2018. Women’s exposure to air pollution was assessed using concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) that had been collected at 269 air quality monitoring sites. Exposure estimates were computed for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months prior to the ovarian reserve tests. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) ratio (defined as an observed-to-expected AMH based on age) and low AMH (defined as < 0.5 ng/mL) were employed as indicators of ovarian reserve. We included a clustering effect of 177 districts in generalized estimating equations approach. A secondary analysis was conducted restricting the analyses to Seoul residents to examine the association in highly urbanized setting. Results The mean age was 36.6 ± 4.2 years and AMH level was 3.3 ± 3.1 ng/mL in the study population. Average AMH ratio was 0.8 ± 0.7 and low AMH was observed in 10.3% of women (n=235). The average concentration of six air pollutants was not different between the normal ovarian reserve and low AMH groups for all averaging periods. In multivariable models, an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in 1 month-average PM10 was associated with decrease in AMH ratio among total population (β= −0.06, 95% confidence interval: −0.11, 0.00). When we restrict our analysis to those living in Seoul, IQR-increases in 1 and 12 month-average PM2.5 were associated with 3% (95% CI: −0.07, 0.00) and 10% (95% CI: −0.18, −0.01) decrease in AMH ratio. The ORs per IQR increase in the six air pollutants were close to null in total population and Seoul residents. Conclusions In a cohort of infertile Korean women, there was a suggestive evidence of the negative association between ambient PM concentration and ovarian reserve, highlighting the potential adverse impact of air pollution on women’s fertility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-00942-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Epidemiology & Health Informatics, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Ok-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Changmin Im
- Department of Geography, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - You Shin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, Korea
| | - Tae Ki Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, Korea
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Ko R, Hayashi M, Tanaka M, Okuda T, Nishita-Hara C, Ozaki H, Uchio E. Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3417. [PMID: 33564109 PMCID: PMC7873058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-30-3, Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishita-Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Pang Y, Liu S, Yan L, Wang Q, Li L, Chu C, Ning J, Zhang B, Wang X, Ma S, Su D, Zhang R, Niu Y. Associations of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with risk of valvular heart disease based on a cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111753. [PMID: 33348255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrated that traffic-related air pollution induced adverse effects on cardiovascular system. We designed a population-based cross-sectional study to explore the association between residential proximity to major roadways, traffic density and the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD). A total of 34040 subjects from a Rural Health Project between 2013 and 2018 were collected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4158 participants were enrolled in the final analysis. And we calculated the subjects' proximity to major roadways and collected the traffic density on the major roadways. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed to diagnose the VHD, according to the current AHA/ACC (the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology) guidelines. Differences between groups were examined by the one-way ANOVAs for continuous variables and the chi-square tests for categorical variables. A logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. The stratified analysis by age and sex were conducted to further analyze the association. The restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to further evaluate the association between road way distance and VHD. Bonferroni test was used to adjust the significance level. The subjects closer to the major roads had the higher risk of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (odds risk, OR = 1.519, 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI: 1.058-2.181), especially in female. The risk of VHD was positive (high traffic density VS low traffic density, OR = 1.799, 95%CI: 1.221-2.651), especially in female. In addition, the high traffic density was associated with the risk of mitral regurgitation (MR) (OR = 1.758, 95%CI: 1.085-2.848). The restricted cubic spline analysis found a threshold distance of about 300 m, where had the lowest risk of VHD, aortic regurgitation (AR), MR, TR. Our results found a positive association between traffic-related air pollution and VHD especially in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Department of Health Management and Services, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Liu
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Ma
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Su
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Niu
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
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Wang YS, Chang LC, Chang FJ. Explore Regional PM2.5 Features and Compositions Causing Health Effects in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 67:176-191. [PMID: 33201258 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compositions of atmospheric fine particles like PM2.5 prove harmful to human health, particularly to cardiopulmonary functions. Multifaceted health effects of PM2.5 have raised broader, stronger concerns in recent years, calling for comprehensive environmental health-risk assessments to offer new insights into air-pollution control. However, there have been few studies adopting local air-quality-monitoring datasets or local coefficients related to PM2.5 health-risk assessment. This study aims to assess health effects caused by PM2.5 concentrations and metal toxicity using epidemiological and toxicological methods based on long-term (2007-2017) hourly monitoring datasets of PM2.5 concentrations in four cities of Taiwan. The results indicated that (1) PM2.5 concentrations and hazardous substances varied substantially from region to region, (2) PM2.5 concentrations significantly decreased after 2013, which benefited mainly from two actions against air pollution, i.e., implementing air-pollution-control strategies and raising air-quality standards for certain emission sources, and (3) under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, high health risks occurred in eastern Taiwan on account of toxic substances adsorbed on PM2.5 surface. It appears that under the condition of low PM2.5 concentrations, the results of epidemiological and toxicological health-risk assessments may not agree with each other. This raises a warning that air-pollution control needs to consider toxic substances adsorbed in PM2.5 and region-oriented control strategies are desirable. We hope that our findings and the proposed transferable methodology can call on domestic and foreign authorities to review current air-pollution-control policies with an outlook on the toxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Chang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Xie Y, Guo F, Mao J, Huang J, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Lai Y. Freestanding MoS2@carbonized cellulose aerogel derived from waste cotton for sustainable and highly efficient particulate matter capturing. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.
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Mohebbichamkhorami M, Arbabi M, Mirzaei M, Ahmadi A, Hassanvand MS, Rouhi H. Ambient air particulate matter (PM 10) satellite monitoring and respiratory health effects assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1247-1258. [PMID: 33312639 PMCID: PMC7721783 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Air particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) is one of the main causes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This study explored the relationship between PM10 by remote sensing and AECOPD in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province from 2014 to2018. METHOD PM10 concentrations were predicted and validated based on aerosol optical depth (AOD) from 161 images processed by MODIS sensor and ground air quality monitoring station data. Demographic information and spirometric indices of 2038 patients with AECOPD were collected and analyzed from the hospital during the studied periods. SPSS software was used to analyze the relationships between these two categories of information. RESULTS There was a significant negative relationship between PM10 and FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and FEF25FVC indices (p < 0.05). The results showed that over 2014-2018, the annual mean of PM10 concentrations varied from 35 to 52 µg/m3. The result of the regression model showed that the patient's age, body mass index (BMI), and PM10 concentrations were the most affecting variables on the two important spirometric indices i.e., FVC% and FEV1%. The PM10 concentrations and number of AECOPD patients had a similar pattern during the studied period. The women group, age group above 74 years, normal BMI, and non-smoking patients showed the most sensitivity to the PM10 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide supplementary scientific information on PM10 concentration related to the incidence of AECOPD and as a variable affecting the most important spirometry indicators by providing local decision-makers information needed to set a priority of air pollution control measures as well as health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahssa Mohebbichamkhorami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arbabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Centre for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rouhi
- Department of pulmonary, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Roy R, Jan R, Joshi U, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Characterization, pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxic profile of bioaerosols from urban and rural residential settings in Pune, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114698. [PMID: 32387676 PMCID: PMC7190302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota associated with airborne particulate matter (PM) is an important indicator of indoor pollution as they can be pathogenic and cause serious health threats to the exposed occupants. Present study aimed to investigate the level of culturable microbes associated with PM and their toxicological characterization in urban and rural houses of Pune city. Highest concentration of bacterial aerosols observed to be associated with PM10 size fraction in urban site (2136 ± 285 CFU/m3) whereas maximum fungal concentration has been measured in rural houses (1521 ± 302 CFU/m3). Predominantly found bacterial species were Bacillus sp., S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species were Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. in both urban and rural residential premises. Concentration of endotoxin measured using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay exhibited that the level of endotoxin in both urban and rural sites are associated with household characteristics and the activities performed in indoor as well as outdoor. Cell free DTT assay confirmed the ability of these airborne microbes to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) varying along with the types of microorganisms. On exposure of A549 cells to airborne microbes, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in terms of both necrosis and apoptosis pathway. Elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells and macrophages clearly suggest the inflammatory nature of these airborne microbes. Results derived from the present study demonstrated that the indoor air of urban and rural houses of Pune is contaminated in terms of microbial load. Therefore, attention should be paid to control the factors favoring the microbial growth in order to safeguard the health of exposed inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Uttara Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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Rodins V, Lucht S, Ohlwein S, Hennig F, Soppa V, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Weimar C, Hermann DM, Schramm S, Moebus S, Slomiany U, Hoffmann B. Long-term exposure to ambient source-specific particulate matter and its components and incidence of cardiovascular events - The Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105854. [PMID: 32590280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the risk of long-term exposure to source-specific airborne pollutants on incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to source-specific air pollution and particulate matter (PM) components on incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total cardiovascular events (CVE) in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (HNR). METHODS We used baseline (2000-2003) and 14-year follow-up data of the HNR Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in Western Germany. Participants' residential mean exposures to NO2 and total and source-specific PM10, PM2.5, accumulation mode particle number concentration (PNAM), and PM components were modelled using a dispersion and chemical transport model. We used Cox regression to evaluate the effect of pollutants (per 1 μg/m3 increase and per interquartile range - IQR) on risk of stroke and CHD, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and nighttime traffic noise exposure. RESULTS In 4,105 included participants (aged 45-76 at baseline, 52.5% women), we observed 118 cases of first stroke and 373 cases of first CHD during 46,748 person-years under risk. The median survival time within the cohort was 13.3 years. No effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on risk of CHD was observed, but distinct effects were observed for stroke. Ambient traffic-specific PM showed a stronger effect on stroke than industry-specific PM: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for total, traffic-specific, and industry-specific PM2.5 were 1.16 (1.02-1.34), 2.53 (1.07-5.97), and 1.27 (1.03-1.56) per 1 μg/m3 increase, respectively. PM components showed no substantially different effects from those of total PM per IQR, but higher associations were observed for NH4 and SO4 per 1 μg/m3. However, the exposure contrast of ammonium and sulfate components was very low. CONCLUSION Traffic-specific PM exhibited stronger effects than total and industry-specific PM on risk of stroke. Among components, NH4 and SO4 showed higher effects. No effect was observed for PM and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Rodins
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Ohlwein
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Hennig
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Soppa
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Weimar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre of Urban Epidemiology, IMIBE, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Uta Slomiany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yan W, Wang X, Dong T, Sun M, Zhang M, Fang K, Chen Y, Chen R, Sun Z, Xia Y. The impact of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 on childhood asthma and wheezing: a meta-analysis of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29280-29290. [PMID: 32436098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated pace of economic development and modernization, air pollution has become one of the most focused public health problems. However, the impact of particulate matter exposure during pregnancy on childhood asthma and wheezing remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and childhood asthma and wheezing. Candidate papers were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library before July 15, 2019. The main characteristics of the included studies were extracted, and the quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of individual studies on the combined effects. The Egger and Begg tests were conducted to examine the publication bias. Nine studies were included in the final analysis. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma and wheezing (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11; per 5 μg/m3). Maternal exposure was more strongly related to childhood asthma and wheezing before age 3 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31; per 5 μg/m3) than after (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.09; per 5 μg/m3). Children in developed countries showed more severe effects (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27; per 5 μg/m3). Children who were born to mothers with higher levels of prenatal exposure were at higher risk of asthma and wheezing (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13; per 5 μg/m3). This meta-analysis indicated that the impact of PM2.5 on childhood asthma and wheezing begins as early as utero, so regulating pollutant emission standards and strengthening prenatal protection are crucial to maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kacey Fang
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Choi KH, Bae S, Kim S, Kwon HJ. Indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 exposure, and anxiety among schoolchildren in Korea: a panel study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27984-27994. [PMID: 32399886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This panel study aimed to evaluate the associations between short-term exposure to indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and anxiety in schoolchildren. During 3 waves in March, July, and November 2018 with 7 days per wave, 52 children aged 10 years were recruited from two schools in a city in Korea. To assess outdoor exposure, we used PM2.5 concentration measures for every hour at the national measurement station (NMS) closest to the two participating schools. To assess indoor exposure, we measured PM2.5 concentration at the children's homes and in classrooms, based on 30-min average. Based on time-activity logs, personal average daily exposure values were calculated for each participant, according to exposure values assessed at 30-min intervals by location. Children's anxiety was assessed via the Korean version of the State Anxiety Inventory for children every day during each wave. Linear mixed effects model was conducted to analyze the association between PM2.5 exposure and anxiety using repeated measurements. Personal exposure to PM2.5 by time-activity log was the highest in March and at home. A low correlation coefficient was observed between PM2.5 concentrations at home and at the NMS (ρ = 0.36, p < 0.0001) whereas a high correlation coefficient was observed between PM2.5 concentrations in classrooms and at the NMS (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.0001). There was no association between PM2.5 exposure and anxiety in children based on the analysis of repeated measurements during the study period. Since previous studies reported controversial results, long-term follow-up studies are needed in various regions to further investigate the associations between PM2.5 exposure and children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119 Dandaero, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungroul Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119 Dandaero, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Impact of environmental dust exposure in modulating microbiome and its association with non-communicable diseases. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:545-556. [PMID: 32536356 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, and allergy are chronic, multi-factorial conditions that are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Over the last decade, the microbiome has emerged as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of NCDs. Microbiome profiles were altered in patients with NCDs, and shift in microbial communities was associated with improvement in these health conditions. Since the genetic component of these diseases cannot be altered, the ability to manipulate the microbiome holds great promise for design of novel therapies in the prevention and treatment of NCDs. Together, the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept and the microbial hypothesis propose that early life exposure to environmental stimuli will alter the development and composition of the human microbiome, resulting in health consequences. Recent studies indicated that the environment we are exposed to in early life is instrumental in shaping robust immune development, possibly through modulation of the human microbiome (skin, airway, and gut). Despite much research into human microbiome, the origin of their constituent microbiota remains unclear. Dust (also known as particulate matter) is a key determinant of poor air quality in the modern urban environment. It is ubiquitous and serves as a major source and reservoir of microbial communities that modulates the human microbiome, contributing to health and disease. There are evidence that reported significant associations between environmental dust and NCDs. In this review, we will focus on the impact of dust exposure in shaping the human microbiome and its possible contribution to the development of NCDs.
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Shang J, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Tian J, Hua J, Han T, Fang D, An J. Associations between source-resolved PM 2.5 and airway inflammation at urban and rural locations in Beijing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105635. [PMID: 32413647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of research studies have explored the health effects of exposure to atmospheric particulate matter. However, limited quantitative evidence has linked specific sources of personal PM2.5 directly to adverse health effects. This study was conducted in order to examine the association between airway inflammation and personal exposure to PM2.5 mass, components, and sources among two healthy cohorts living in both urban and rural areas of Beijing, China. METHODS We conducted a follow-up study during the summer of 2016 and the winter of 2016/2017 among 92 students and 43 guards. 24-h personal and ambient exposure to PM2.5 and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at least twice for each participant. Chemical components of 385 personal PM2.5 exposure samples were analyzed, and pollution sources were resolved by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. We have constructed linear mixed effect models to evaluate the association between ambient/personal PM2.5 mass, chemical constituents, and source specific PM2.5 with FeNO after controlling for temperature, relative humidity, sites, season, and potential individual confounders. RESULTS Interquartile range (IQR) increase in household heating sources was associated with increased FeNO (2.72%; 95% CI = 1.26-4.17%) across two sites. IQR increase in roadway transport was associated with increased FeNO (9.84%; 95% CI = 2.69-17%) in urban areas; IQR increase in Secondary inorganic sources and Industrial/Combustion sources were associated with increased FeNO (7.96%; 95% CI = 1.47-14.4%% and 7.85%; 95% CI = 0.0676-15.6%, respectively) in rural areas. Personal exposure to EC, OC, and some trace elements (Se, Pb, Bi, Cs) were also estimated to be significantly associated with the increase of FeNO. In addition, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the effects of ambient and personal PM2.5 mass. CONCLUSIONS Although personal PM2.5 mass was not significantly associated with the health effects, airway inflammation can be linked to source-resolved exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Institute of Bishan Eco-Environment, Bishan, Chongqing, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jingyu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China; Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Dongqing Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteoological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Air Pollution in Accra, Ghana: A Critical Survey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:3657161. [PMID: 32104187 PMCID: PMC7040415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3657161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been a major challenge worldwide particularly in the developing world. It has dire implications for human health. Understanding the knowledge and behaviour of the populace is key to the development and implementation of necessary intervention programmes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of air pollution in the Accra, Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional design to obtain quantitative data form 1404 respondents, and the results were analysed with SPSS version 23. There were more (54.1%) female respondents than males (45.9%) in the study. The majority (70.5%) of the respondents were aware of the haze (air pollution) and its adverse effects on health. There was however a significant relationship between the sociodemographics and air pollution awareness (P = 0.01). There was also a correlation between residents' age, educational level, length of stay, marital status, and knowledge/awareness rate of air pollution (P < 0.05). Although the majority of the respondents are aware of air pollution and its relationship to their health, rates of awareness were low in some demographic groups like the elderly and the less educated. Therefore, nondiscriminatory policies should be formed toward the education and guidance of people to become knowledgeable about air pollution and related health challenges. Most of the residents admitted improving air quality is the responsibility of every citizen. The government should utilize this to form collaborative measure with the citizens for a more effective control of air pollution.
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Cavieres MF, Leiva V, Marchant C, Rojas F. A Methodology for Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Monitoring of Particulate Matter Environmental Contamination in Santiago of Chile. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:45-67. [PMID: 32318823 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution derives mainly from anthropogenic activities that use combustion and may lead to adverse effects in exposed populations. It is generally accepted that air contamination causes cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity in addition to increased mortality after exposure, but other epidemiological associations have also been described, including cancer as well as reproductive and immunological toxicity. Thus the concentration of chemicals in the air must be controlled. We propose that monitoring of air quality may be achieved by employing data analytics to generate information within the context of data-driven decision making to prevent and/or adequately alert the population about possible critical episodes of air contamination. In this paper, we propose a methodology for monitoring particulate matter pollution in Santiago of Chile which is based on bivariate control charts with heavy-tailed asymmetric distributions. This methodology is useful for monitoring environmental risk when the particulate matter concentrations follow bivariate Birnbaum-Saunders or Birnbaum-Saunders-t-Student distributions. A case study with real particulate matter pollution from Santiago is provided, which shows that the methodology is suitable to alert early episodes of extreme air pollution. The results are in agreement with the critical episodes reported with the current model used by the Chilean health authority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Leiva
- School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Marchant
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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72
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Rutherford JW, Dawson-Elli N, Manicone AM, Korshin GV, Novosselov IV, Seto E, Posner JD. Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Combustion Generated Particulate Matter Source Identification. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 220:117065. [PMID: 32256182 PMCID: PMC7111209 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is a significant health risk associated with reduced life expectancy due to increased cardio-pulmonary disease and exacerbation of respiratory diseases such as asthma and pneumonia. PM originates from natural and anthropogenic sources including combustion engines, cigarettes, agricultural burning, and forest fires. Identifying the source of PM can inform effective mitigation strategies and policies, but this is difficult to do using current techniques. Here we present a method for identifying PM source using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and a machine learning algorithm. We collected combustion generated PM2.5 from wood burning, diesel exhaust, and cigarettes using filters. Filters were weighted to determine mass concentration followed by extraction into cyclohexane and analysis by EEM fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectra obtained from each source served as training data for a convolutional neural network (CNN) used for source identification in mixed samples. This method can predict the presence or absence of the three laboratory sources with an overall accuracy of 89% when the threshold for classifying a source as present is 1.1 μg/m3 in air over a 24-hour sampling time. The limit of detection for cigarette, diesel and wood are 0.7, 2.6, 0.9 μg/m3, respectively, in air assuming a 24-hour sampling time at an air sampling rate of 1.8 liters per minute. We applied the CNN algorithm developed using the laboratory training data to a small set of field samples and found the algorithm was effective in some cases but would require a training data set containing more samples to be more broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Neal Dawson-Elli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Anne. M. Manicone
- Department of Medicine: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Gregory V. Korshin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Edmund Seto
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
- Department of Family Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
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73
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Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Minimizing the environmental impacts is a challenging task to achieve sustainability in road constructions. Although they are only temporary, the environmental burdens of building activities can have a great impact on the environment and communities, and must be properly assessed and mitigated. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts requires the consideration of all construction activities, construction sites and the type and operation time of off-road machines and plants that will be used in each site. In this paper, a case study relating to the project of a motorway was carried out with the following objectives: (i) to estimate the dust and gases arising from the whole construction process and identify the most critical pollutants in terms of emitted quantity; (ii) to investigate the worksites, activities and processes with the greatest impact from an emissive standpoint, and (iii) to propose a rational approach for designing and putting in place effective mitigation measures. Carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particulate matter (PM10) emissions have been estimated by applying different models, methodologies and databases, depending on the construction process under analysis, and an emissive balance sheet has been produced. Results showed that CO is the pollutant released in the greatest quantity, followed by NOx. The emission of PM10, mainly due to the movement of trucks on unpaved roads, is one order of magnitude less with respect to CO and NOx, but produces the most perceived and undesired effects of the construction process in the interested communities. Tunnels and bridge are the components of a road with the greatest impact in terms of air emissions.
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74
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A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia’s national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 concentrations.
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Vanadium Derivative Exposure Promotes Functional Alterations of VSMCs and Consequent Atherosclerosis via ROS/p38/NF-κB-Mediated IL-6 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246115. [PMID: 31817202 PMCID: PMC6940940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a transition metal widely distributed in the Earth’s crust, and is a major contaminant in fossil fuels. Its pathological effect and regulation in atherosclerosis remain unclear. We found that intranasal administration of the vanadium derivative NaVO3 significantly increased plasma and urinary vanadium levels and induced arterial lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient knockout mice (ApoE−/−) murine aorta compared to those in vehicle-exposed mice. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and a decrease in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation marker protein SM22α in the atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, exposure to NaVO3 or VOSO4 induced cytosolic ROS generation and IL-6 production in VSMCs and promoted VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) not only suppresses IL-6 production and VSMC pathological responses including migration and proliferation but also prevents atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Inhibition experiments with NAC and pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that NaVO3-induced IL-6 production is signaled by ROS-triggered p38-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathways. Neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies impaired NaVO3-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation. We concluded that NaVO3 exposure activates the ROS-triggering p38 signaling to selectively induce NF-κB-mediated IL-6 production. These signaling pathways induce VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation, leading to lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis.
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Zielinska MA, Hamulka J. Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4181. [PMID: 31671856 PMCID: PMC6862650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk's protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Zielinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ljungman PLS, Andersson N, Stockfelt L, Andersson EM, Nilsson Sommar J, Eneroth K, Gidhagen L, Johansson C, Lager A, Leander K, Molnar P, Pedersen NL, Rizzuto D, Rosengren A, Segersson D, Wennberg P, Barregard L, Forsberg B, Sallsten G, Bellander T, Pershagen G. Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107012. [PMID: 31663781 PMCID: PMC6867232 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities. METHODS Based on detailed emission databases, monitoring data, and high-resolution dispersion models, we calculated source contributions to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS We observed 5,166 and 3,119 incident IHD and stroke cases, respectively, in 114,758 participants. Overall, few consistent associations were observed between the different air pollution measures and IHD or stroke incidence. However, same-year levels of ambient locally emitted BC (range: 0.01-4.6 μg/m3) were associated with a 4.0% higher risk of incident stroke per interquartile range (IQR), 0.30 μg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 7.8]. This association was primarily related to BC from traffic exhaust. PM10 (range: 4.4-52 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (range: 2.9-22 μg/m3) were not associated with stroke. Associations with incident IHD were observed only for PM2.5 exposure from residential heating. DISCUSSION Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter L. S. Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva M. Andersson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson Sommar
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Eneroth
- SLB-analys, Environment and Health Administration, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Gidhagen
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Christer Johansson
- SLB-analys, Environment and Health Administration, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Lager
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnar
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Ageing Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Segersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By 2050, 70% of the global population will live in urban areas, exposing a greater number of people to specific city-related health risks that will only be exacerbated by climate change. Two prominent health risks are poor air quality and physical inactivity. We aim to review the literature and state the best practices for clean air and active transportation in urban areas. RECENT FINDINGS Cities have been targeting reductions in air pollution and physical inactivity to improve population health. Oslo, Paris, and Madrid plan on banning cars from their city centers to mitigate climate change, reduce vehicle emissions, and increase walking and cycling. Urban streets are being redesigned to accommodate and integrate various modes of transportation to ensure individuals can become actively mobile and healthy. Investments in pedestrian, cycling, and public transport infrastructure and services can both improve air quality and support active transportation. Emerging technologies like electric and autonomous vehicles are being developed and may reduce air pollution but have limited impact on physical activity. Green spaces too can mitigate air pollution and encourage physical activity. Clean air and active transportation overlap considerably as they are both functions of mobility. The best practices of clean air and active transportation have produced impressive results, which are improved when enacted simultaneously in integrated policy packages. Further research is needed in middle- and low-income countries, using measurements from real-world interventions, tracing air pollution back to the sources responsible, and holistically addressing the entire spectrum of exposures and health outcomes related to transportation.
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79
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Koman PD, Billmire M, Baker KR, de Majo R, Anderson FJ, Hoshiko S, Thelen BJ, French NH. Mapping Modeled Exposure of Wildland Fire Smoke for Human Health Studies in California. ATMOSPHERE 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 31803514 PMCID: PMC6892473 DOI: 10.3390/atmos10060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire smoke exposure affects a broad proportion of the U.S. population and is increasing due to climate change, settlement patterns and fire seclusion. Significant public health questions surrounding its effects remain, including the impact on cardiovascular disease and maternal health. Using atmospheric chemical transport modeling, we examined general air quality with and without wildland fire smoke PM2.5. The 24-h average concentration of PM2.5 from all sources in 12-km gridded output from all sources in California (2007-2013) was 4.91 μg/m3. The average concentration of fire-PM2.5 in California by year was 1.22 μg/m3 (~25% of total PM2.5). The fire-PM2.5 daily mean was estimated at 4.40 μg/m3 in a high fire year (2008). Based on the model-derived fire-PM2.5 data, 97.4% of California's population lived in a county that experienced at least one episode of high smoke exposure ("smokewave") from 2007-2013. Photochemical model predictions of wildfire impacts on daily average PM2.5 carbon (organic and elemental) compared to rural monitors in California compared well for most years but tended to over-estimate wildfire impacts for 2008 (2.0 μg/m3 bias) and 2013 (1.6 μg/m3 bias) while underestimating for 2009 (-2.1 μg/m3 bias). The modeling system isolated wildfire and PM2.5 from other sources at monitored and unmonitored locations, which is important for understanding population exposure in health studies. Further work is needed to refine model predictions of wildland fire impacts on air quality in order to increase confidence in the model for future assessments. Atmospheric modeling can be a useful tool to assess broad geographic scale exposure for epidemiologic studies and to examine scenario-based health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D. Koman
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Billmire
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105 USA
| | - Kirk R. Baker
- Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709 USA
| | - Ricardo de Majo
- Health Behavior Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank J. Anderson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sumi Hoshiko
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804,USA
| | - Brian J. Thelen
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105 USA
| | - Nancy H.F. French
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105 USA
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80
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Slama A, Śliwczyński A, Woźnica J, Zdrolik M, Wiśnicki B, Kubajek J, Turżańska-Wieczorek O, Gozdowski D, Wierzba W, Franek E. Impact of air pollution on hospital admissions with a focus on respiratory diseases: a time-series multi-city analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16998-17009. [PMID: 30929168 PMCID: PMC6546668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Together with the growing availability of data from electronic records from healthcare providers and healthcare systems, an assessment of associations between different environmental parameters (e.g., pollution levels and meteorological data) and hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality has become possible. This study aimed to assess the association of air pollution and hospitalizations using a large database comprising almost all hospitalizations in Poland. This time-series analysis has been conducted in five cities in Poland (Warsaw, Białystok, Bielsko-Biała, Kraków, Gdańsk) over a period of almost 4 years (2014-2017, 1255 days), covering more than 20 million of hospitalizations. The hospitalizations have been extracted from the National Health Fund registries as daily summaries. Correlation analysis and distributed lag nonlinear models have been used to investigate for statistically relevant associations of air pollutants on hospitalizations, trying by various methods to minimize potential bias from atmospheric parameters, days of the week, bank holidays, etc. A statistically significant increase of respiratory disease hospitalizations has been detected after peaks of particulate matter concentrations (particularly PM2.5, between 0.9 and 4.5% increase per 10 units of pollutant increase, and PM10, between 0.9 and 3.5% per 10 units of pollutant increase), with a typical time lag between the pollutant peak and the event of 2 to 6 days. For other pollution parameters and other types of hospitalizations (e.g., cardiovascular events, eye and skin diseases, etc.), a weaker and ununiform correlations were recorded. Ambient air pollution exposure increases are associated with a short-term increase of hospitalizations due to respiratory tract diseases. The most prominent effect was recorded with the correlation of PM2.5 and PM10. There is only weak evidence indicating that such short-term associations exist between peaks of air pollution concentrations and increased hospitalizations for other (e.g., cardiovascular) diseases. The obtained information could be used to better predict hospitalization patterns and costs for the healthcare system and perhaps trigger additional vigilance on particulate matter pollution in the cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Slama
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Woźnica
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zdrolik
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Wiśnicki
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kubajek
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Franek
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
- Mossakowski Clinical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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81
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Measuring Environmental and Economic Performance of Air Pollution Control for Province-Level Areas in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081378. [PMID: 30999591 PMCID: PMC6518177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes an improved three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the environmental-economic efficiency (EEE) of air pollution control for 30 province-level areas of China during the period of 2012 to 2016. In this model, capital, labor, and total energy consumption are the three inputs, while gross domestic product (GDP) and waste gas emissions represent the desirable and undesirable outputs, respectively. This model allows the weights of economic growth and environmental protection to be adjusted as needed by policymakers; the model is adopted to evaluate the effects of government measures on environmental protection and economic growth. Ultimately, the effects from environmental factors and statistical noise are excluded from the EEEs of local governments and the managerial efficiencies are calculated. The results simultaneously reflect the local performance of air pollution control and economic development, which can be used to clarify the ranking of provinces nationwide.
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82
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Feng B, Song X, Dan M, Yu J, Wang Q, Shu M, Xu H, Wang T, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Liu S, Yu JZ, Wang T, Huang W. High level of source-specific particulate matter air pollution associated with cardiac arrhythmias. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:1285-1293. [PMID: 30677895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence linking source-specific ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and cardiac arrhythmias is limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of source-specific PM2.5 on cardiac arrhythmias in a panel of forty-five healthy adults living in Beijing, China, between 2015 and 2016. Repeated measures of 24-hour electrocardiograms were conducted during clinical visits, and daily counts of four arrhythmia events including supraventricular premature beat (SVPB), atrial tachycardia (AT), premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) were recorded. One hundred forty-seven constituents in PM2.5 were analyzed for collected particulate samples, in which fifty-six of them above laboratory detection limits were selected for source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorization. The average contributions of identified five major sources to PM2.5 were 45.9% from secondary nitrate/sulfate, 18.0% from coal combustion, 16.9% from crustal soil, 13.8% from biomass burning, and 5.4% from cooking. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) of arrhythmias in association with interquartile-range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 constituents and specific sources. Total PM2.5 mass as well as several combustion related constituents were found of significant impacts on increased risks of arrhythmia events. Among the identified sources of PM2.5, coal burning has been found the major source that associated with increased risks of SVPB, PVC and VT with RR of 1.19 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.04, 1.36] to 1.64 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.00). PM2.5 from combustion related secondary nitrate/sulfate was also found of significant impact on SVPB and AT, followed by PM2.5 from biomass burning and crustal soil. Our results indicated that PM2.5 from anthropogenic activity related sources were most responsible for increased risks of arrhythmia events. Our findings enhance the understanding of increased risks of arrhythmias from exposure to PM2.5, and provide evidence on source-specific PM control priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Dan
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mushui Shu
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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83
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Chandran D, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM, Dharaskar S, Wong WY, Gupta TCSM. Deep eutectic solvents for extraction-desulphurization: A review. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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84
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Chinese National Air Protection Policy Development: A Policy Network Theory Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102257. [PMID: 30326656 PMCID: PMC6210671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Given its wide involvement in and recognition by international organizations, China has signed many international agreements and negotiations. This study verified how and the extent to which changes in exogenous factors (e.g., international agreements and negotiations) affect Chinese governmental air protection policy development. Previous studies on policy network theory have demonstrated that exogenous factors affected the development of domestic policies significantly, while in this study little evidence was found to demonstrate the influence of exogenous factors on changes in Chinese policy. Rather, internal factors have played an important role in both its development and transformation. These findings differ from study results on wealthy countries and other developing districts. This study then explores the causes of substandard policy outcomes. To probe this further, policy network theory is applied to explain the gap between the guiding principle of central government's policies and local implementation in actual practice. By analyzing the strategies of policy actors and specific rules in current Chinese context, the associated limitations and obstacles in the process of policy-making and implementation can be explained from the aspect of bureaucratic system, energy market running mechanism and others. This paper recommends alterations in the current policy and structure based on these findings.
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