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Laggoun F, Dardelle F, Dehors J, Falconet D, Driouich A, Rochais C, Dallemagne P, Lehner A, Mollet JC. A chemical screen identifies two novel small compounds that alter Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tube growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31010418 PMCID: PMC6475968 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sexual reproduction, pollen grains land on the stigma, rehydrate and produce pollen tubes that grow through the female transmitting-tract tissue allowing the delivery of the two sperm cells to the ovule and the production of healthy seeds. Because pollen tubes are single cells that expand by tip-polarized growth, they represent a good model to study the growth dynamics, cell wall deposition and intracellular machineries. Aiming to understand this complex machinery, we used a low throughput chemical screen approach in order to isolate new tip-growth disruptors. The effect of a chemical inhibitor of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases, galvestine-1, was also investigated. The present work further characterizes their effects on the tip-growth and intracellular dynamics of pollen tubes. RESULTS Two small compounds among 258 were isolated based on their abilities to perturb pollen tube growth. They were found to disrupt in vitro pollen tube growth of tobacco, tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that these 3 compounds induced abnormal phenotypes (bulging and/or enlarged pollen tubes) and reduced pollen tube length in a dose dependent manner. Pollen germination was significantly reduced after treatment with the two compounds isolated from the screen. They also affected cell wall material deposition in pollen tubes. The compounds decreased anion superoxide accumulation, disorganized actin filaments and RIC4 dynamics suggesting that they may affect vesicular trafficking at the pollen tube tip. CONCLUSION These molecules may alter directly or indirectly ROP1 activity, a key regulator of pollen tube growth and vesicular trafficking and therefore represent good tools to further study cellular dynamics during polarized-cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdousse Laggoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
- Present Address: LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 409, Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jérémy Dehors
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, cedex 9 France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
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Gao SM, Yang MH, Zhang F, Fan LJ, Zhou Y. The strong competitive role of 2n pollen in several polyploidy hybridizations in Rosa hybrida. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:127. [PMID: 30947683 PMCID: PMC6449914 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2n pollen play a strong competitive role in hybridization and breeding of multiploids in Rosa hybrida. The ploidy inheritable characteristic of 'Orange Fire' × 'Old Blush' were analyzed. RESULT The results of the cytological observations indicated that 2n pollen developed from the defeated cytoplasmic division or nuclear division in the meiosis metaphase II of PMC (pollen mother cell) in 'Old Blush'. The natural generation rate of the 2n pollen in 'Old Blush' (2x) was about 1.39 in percentage of all male gametes, whereas the tetraploids in the F1 offspring possessed a high rate, i.e., 44.00%. The temporal and spatial characteristics of 'Old Blush' pollen germination on the stigma and growth in pistil of 'Orange Fire' and 'DEE' were observed, and the results suggested that the germination rate of 2n pollen on the stigma was not superior to that of 1n pollen, but that the proportion of 2n pollen increased to 30.90 and 37.20%, respectively, while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was significantly thinner than that of 1n pollen tube. And each trait involved in our experiment probably is very important for F1 morphological phenotypes. CONCLUSION We conclude that 2n pollen are involved in hybridization and have a competitive advantage while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was may have strongly influenced the competitive process in R. hybrida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-min Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Mu-han Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Li-juan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, No.7 Huajiadi, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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Leszczuk A, Kozioł A, Szczuka E, Zdunek A. Analysis of AGP contribution to the dynamic assembly and mechanical properties of cell wall during pollen tube growth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:9-18. [PMID: 30824065 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins as cell wall structural proteins are involved in fundamental processes during plant development and growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate AGP function in the distribution of pectin, cellulose and callose along Fragaria x ananassa pollen tube and to associate the cell wall structure with local mechanical properties. We used Yariv reagent which interacts with AGPs and allows the observation of the assembly of cell walls without AGPs performing their function. Cytochemical, immunofluorescence labelling and atomic force microscope have been used to characterize the changes in cell wall structure and stiffness. It was shown that disordering of the structure of AGP present in cell walls affects the localization of cellulose, pectins and the secretion of callose. Changes in cell wall assembly are relevant to pollen tube mechanical properties. The stiffness gradient lengthwise through the axis of the pollen tube has demonstrated a significantly higher Young's modulus of the shank region than the growth zone. It has been revealed that the apex of the pollen tube cultured in the presence of Yariv reagent is stiffer (1.68 MPa) than the corresponding region of the pollen tube grown under control conditions (0.13-0.27 MPa). AGP affects the structure of the cell wall by changing the distribution of other components and the modification of their localization, and hence it plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kozioł
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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Charrier B, Rabillé H, Billoud B. Gazing at Cell Wall Expansion under a Golden Light. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:130-141. [PMID: 30472067 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cell growth is constrained by a stiff cell wall, at least this is the way textbooks usually present it. Accordingly, many studies have focused on the elasticity and plasticity of the cell wall as prerequisites for expansion during growth. With their specific evolutionary history, cell wall composition, and environment, brown algae present a unique configuration offering a new perspective on the involvement of the cell wall, viewed as an inert material yet with intrinsic mechanical properties, in growth. In light of recent findings, we explore here how much of the functional relationship between cell wall chemistry and intrinsic mechanics on the one hand, and growth on the other hand, has been uncovered in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Charrier
- UMR8227, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Hervé Rabillé
- UMR8227, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Bernard Billoud
- UMR8227, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
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Herrera-Ubaldo H, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Ezquer I, Di Marzo M, Chávez Montes RA, Gómez-Felipe A, Pablo-Villa J, Diaz-Ramirez D, Ballester P, Ferrándiz C, Sagasser M, Colombo L, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. New roles of NO TRANSMITTING TRACT and SEEDSTICK during medial domain development in Arabidopsis fruits. Development 2019; 146:dev.172395. [PMID: 30538100 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium, the female reproductive part of the flower, is key for plant sexual reproduction. During its development, inner tissues such as the septum and the transmitting tract tissue, important for pollen germination and guidance, are formed. In Arabidopsis, several transcription factors are known to be involved in the development of these tissues. One of them is NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT), essential for transmitting tract formation. We found that the NTT protein can interact with several gynoecium-related transcription factors, including several MADS-box proteins, such as SEEDSTICK (STK), known to specify ovule identity. Evidence suggests that NTT and STK control enzyme and transporter-encoding genes involved in cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution in gynoecial medial domain cells. The results indicate that the simultaneous loss of NTT and STK activity affects polysaccharide and lipid deposition and septum fusion, and delays entry of septum cells to their normal degradation program. Furthermore, we identified KAWAK, a direct target of NTT and STK, which is required for the correct formation of fruits in Arabidopsis These findings position NTT and STK as important factors in determining reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ricardo Aarón Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Jeanneth Pablo-Villa
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - David Diaz-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Martin Sagasser
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
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Dehors J, Mareck A, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Lehner A, Mollet JC. Evolution of Cell Wall Polymers in Tip-Growing Land Plant Gametophytes: Composition, Distribution, Functional Aspects and Their Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 31057570 PMCID: PMC6482432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During evolution of land plants, the first colonizing species presented leafy-dominant gametophytes, found in non-vascular plants (bryophytes). Today, bryophytes include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. In the first seedless vascular plants (lycophytes), the sporophytic stage of life started to be predominant. In the seed producing plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms , the gametophytic stage is restricted to reproduction. In mosses and ferns, the haploid spores germinate and form a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophyte producing rhizoids for anchorage, water and nutrient uptakes. The basal gymnosperms (cycads and Ginkgo) reproduce by zooidogamy. Their pollen grains develop a multi-branched pollen tube that penetrates the nucellus and releases flagellated sperm cells that swim to the egg cell. The pollen grain of other gymnosperms (conifers and gnetophytes) as well as angiosperms germinates and produces a pollen tube that directly delivers the sperm cells to the ovule (siphonogamy). These different gametophytes, which are short or long-lived structures, share a common tip-growing mode of cell expansion. Tip-growth requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote cell elongation, but also a tight spatial and temporal control of the cell wall remodeling in order to modulate the mechanical properties of the cell wall. The growth rate of these cells is very variable depending on the structure and the species, ranging from very slow (protonemata, rhizoids, and some gymnosperm pollen tubes), to a slow to fast-growth in other gymnosperms and angiosperms. In addition, the structural diversity of the female counterparts in angiosperms (dry, semi-dry vs wet stigmas, short vs long, solid vs hollow styles) will impact the speed and efficiency of sperm delivery. As the evolution and diversity of the cell wall polysaccharides accompanied the diversification of cell wall structural proteins and remodeling enzymes, this review focuses on our current knowledge on the biochemistry, the distribution and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers (including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, callose, arabinogalactan-proteins and extensins), during the tip-expansion of gametophytes from bryophytes, pteridophytes (lycophytes and monilophytes), gymnosperms and the monocot and eudicot angiosperms.
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Abstract
With the origin of pollination in ancient seed plants, the male gametophyte ("pollen") began to evolve a new and unique life history stage, the progamic phase, a post-pollination period in which pollen sexual maturation occurs in interaction with sporophyte-derived tissues. Pollen performance traits mediate the timing of the fertilization process, often in competition with other pollen, via the speed of pollen germination, sperm development, and pollen tube growth. Studies of pollen development rarely address the issue of performance or its evolution, which involves linking variation in developmental rates to relative fitness within populations or to adaptations on a macroevolutionary scale. Modifications to the pollen tube pathway and changes in the intensity of pollen competition affect the direction and strength of selection on pollen performance. Hence, pollen developmental evolution is always contextual-it involves both the population biology of pollen reaching stigmas and the co-evolution of sporophytic traits, such as the pollen tube pathway and mating system. For most species, performance evolution generally reflects a wandering history of periods of directional selection and relaxed selection, channeled by developmental limitations, a pattern that favors the accumulation of diversity and redundancy in developmental mechanisms and the genetic machinery. Developmental biologists are focused on finding universal mechanisms that underlie pollen function, and these are largely mechanisms that have evolved through their effects on performance. Here, we suggest ways in which studies of pollen performance or function could progress by cross-fertilization between the "evo" and "devo" fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - John B Reese
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Marsollier AC, Ingram G. Getting physical: invasive growth events during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:8-17. [PMID: 29981931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are enclosed in cell walls that weld them together, meaning that cells rarely change neighbours. Nonetheless, invasive growth events play critical roles in plant development and are often key hubs for the integration of environmental and/or developmental signalling. Here we review cellular processes involved in three such events: lateral root emergence, pollen tube growth through stigma and style tissues, and embryo expansion through the endosperm (Figures 1-3). We consider processes such as regulation of water fluxes and cell turgor (driving growth), cell wall modifications (e.g. cell separation) and cell death (for creating space) within these three contexts with the aim of identifying key mechanisms implicated in providing a chemical and biophysical environments permitting invasive growth events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Marsollier
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de lyon, CNRS, INRA, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de lyon, CNRS, INRA, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Wu HC, Bulgakov VP, Jinn TL. Pectin Methylesterases: Cell Wall Remodeling Proteins Are Required for Plant Response to Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1612. [PMID: 30459794 PMCID: PMC6232315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is expected to be of increasing worldwide concern in the near future, especially with regard to crop yield and quality as a consequence of rising or varying temperatures as a result of global climate change. HS response (HSR) is a highly conserved mechanism among different organisms but shows remarkable complexity and unique features in plants. The transcriptional regulation of HSR is controlled by HS transcription factors (HSFs) which allow the activation of HS-responsive genes, among which HS proteins (HSPs) are best characterized. Cell wall remodeling constitutes an important component of plant responses to HS to maintain overall function and growth; however, little is known about the connection between cell wall remodeling and HSR. Pectin controls cell wall porosity and has been shown to exhibit structural variation during plant growth and in response to HS. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are present in multigene families and encode isoforms with different action patterns by removal of methyl esters to influencing the properties of cell wall. We aimed to elucidate how plant cell walls respond to certain environmental cues through cell wall-modifying proteins in connection with modifications in cell wall machinery. An overview of recent findings shed light on PMEs contribute to a change in cell-wall composition/structure. The fine-scale modulation of apoplastic calcium ions (Ca2+) content could be mediated by PMEs in response to abiotic stress for both the assembly and disassembly of the pectic network. In particular, this modulation is prevalent in guard cell walls for regulating cell wall plasticity as well as stromal aperture size, which comprise critical determinants of plant adaptation to HS. These insights provide a foundation for further research to reveal details of the cell wall machinery and stress-responsive factors to provide targets and strategies to facilitate plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tsung-Luo Jinn
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Honey bees as models for gut microbiota research. Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 47:317-325. [PMID: 30353179 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) offers several advantages as an experimental system for addressing how gut communities affect their hosts and for exploring the processes that determine gut community composition and dynamics. A small number of bacterial species dominate the honey bee gut community. These species are restricted to bee guts and can be grown axenically and genetically manipulated. Large numbers of microbiota-free hosts can be economically reared and then inoculated with single isolates or defined communities to examine colonization patterns and effects on host phenotypes. Honey bees have been studied extensively, due to their importance as agricultural pollinators and as models for sociality. Because of this history of bee research, the physiology, development, and behavior of honey bees is relatively well understood, and established behavioral and phenotypic assays are available. To date, studies on the honey bee gut microbiota show that it affects host nutrition, weight gain, endocrine signaling, immune function, and pathogen resistance, while perturbation of the microbiota can lead to reduced host fitness. As in humans, the microbiota is concentrated in the distal part of the gut, where it contributes to digestion and fermentation of plant cell wall components. Much like the human gut microbiota, many bee gut bacteria are specific to the bee gut and can be directly transmitted between individuals through social interaction. Although simpler than the human gut microbiota, the bee gut community presents opportunities to understand the processes that govern the assembly of specialized gut communities as well as the routes through which gut communities impact host biology.
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Shtein I, Bar-On B, Popper ZA. Plant and algal structure: from cell walls to biomechanical function. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:56-66. [PMID: 29572853 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant and algal cell walls are complex biomaterials composed of stiff cellulose microfibrils embedded in a soft matrix of polysaccharides, proteins and phenolic compounds. Cell wall composition differs between taxonomic groups and different tissue types (or even at the sub-cellular level) within a plant enabling specific biomechanical properties important for cell/tissue function. Moreover, cell wall composition changes may be induced in response to environmental conditions. Plant structure, habit, morphology and internal anatomy are also dependent on the taxonomic group as well as abiotic and biotic factors. This review aims to examine the complex and incompletely understood interactions of cell wall composition, plant form and biomechanical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Shtein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Botany and Plant Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Eastern Region Research and Development Center, Ariel, Israel
| | - Benny Bar-On
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Sze H, Chanroj S. Plant Endomembrane Dynamics: Studies of K +/H + Antiporters Provide Insights on the Effects of pH and Ion Homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:875-895. [PMID: 29691301 PMCID: PMC6053008 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants remodel their cells through the dynamic endomembrane system. Intracellular pH is important for membrane trafficking, but the determinants of pH homeostasis are poorly defined in plants. Electrogenic proton (H+) pumps depend on counter-ion fluxes to establish transmembrane pH gradients at the plasma membrane and endomembranes. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase-mediated acidification of the trans-Golgi network is crucial for secretion and membrane recycling. Pump and counter-ion fluxes are unlikely to fine-tune pH; rather, alkali cation/H+ antiporters, which can alter pH and/or cation homeostasis locally and transiently, are prime candidates. Plants have a large family of predicted cation/H+ exchangers (CHX) of obscure function, in addition to the well-studied K+(Na+)/H+ exchangers (NHX). Here, we review the regulation of cytosolic and vacuolar pH, highlighting the similarities and distinctions of NHX and CHX members. In planta, alkalinization of the trans-Golgi network or vacuole by NHXs promotes membrane trafficking, endocytosis, cell expansion, and growth. CHXs localize to endomembranes and/or the plasma membrane and contribute to male fertility, pollen tube guidance, pollen wall construction, stomatal opening, and, in soybean (Glycine max), tolerance to salt stress. Three-dimensional structural models and mutagenesis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes have allowed us to infer that AtCHX17 and AtNHX1 share a global architecture and a translocation core like bacterial Na+/H+ antiporters. Yet, the presence of distinct residues suggests that some CHXs differ from NHXs in pH sensing and electrogenicity. How H+ pumps, counter-ion fluxes, and cation/H+ antiporters are linked with signaling and membrane trafficking to remodel membranes and cell walls awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Salil Chanroj
- Department of Biotechnology, Burapha University, Chon-Buri 20131, Thailand
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Yue X, Lin S, Yu Y, Huang L, Cao J. The putative pectin methylesterase gene, BcMF23a, is required for microspore development and pollen tube growth in Brassica campestris. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1003-1009. [PMID: 29644403 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BcMF23a contributes to pollen wall development via influencing intine construction, which, in turn, influences pollen tube growth. Pollen wall, the morphological out face of pollen, surrounds male gametophyte and plays an important role in plant reproduction. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are involved in pollen wall construction by de-esterifying pectin of the intine. In this study, the function of a putative pectin methylesterase gene, Brassica campestris Male Fertility 23a (BcMF23a), was investigated. Knockdown of BcMF23a by artificial microRNA (amiRNA) technology resulted in abnormal pollen intine formation outside of the germinal furrows at the binucleate stage. At the trinucleate stage, 20.69% of pollen possessed the degradation of nuclei, cytoplasm and the intine, resulting in shrunken pollen, whereas the remaining 75.86% were wall-disrupted with degrading cytoplasm and broken exine inside the germinal furrows. In addition, pollen abortion in transgenic plants caused germination percentage reduction by 19% in vitro and pollen tube growth disruption in natural stigma in vivo. Taken together, BcMF23a is involved in pollen development and pollen tube growth, possibly via participating in intine construction. This study may contribute towards understanding the function of pollen-specific PMEs and the molecular regulatory network of pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yue
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zheng Y, Yan J, Wang S, Xu M, Huang K, Chen G, Ding Y. Genome-wide identification of the pectate lyase-like (PLL) gene family and functional analysis of two PLL genes in rice. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1317-1331. [PMID: 29943288 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pectate lyase catalyses the eliminative cleavage of de-esterified pectin, which is a major component of primary cell walls in many higher plants. Pectate lyase-like (PLL) genes have been identified in various plant species and are involved in a broad range of physiological processes associated with pectin degradation. Previous studies have functionally identified two PLL genes in rice (Oryza sativa. L). However, the knowledge concerning genome-wide analysis of this family remains limited, and functions of the other PLL genes have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we identified 12 PLL genes based on a genome-wide investigation in rice. A complete overview of this gene family is presented, including chromosomal locations, exon-intron structure, cis-acting elements and conserved motifs. PLL protein sequences from multiple plant species were compared and divided into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that only a portion of OsPLL genes (4 of 12) exhibits detectable expression levels. Notably, OsPLL1, OsPLL3, OsPLL4 and OsPLL12 exhibit strong and preferential expression in panicles suggesting that the potential roles of these genes are crucial during rice panicle development. Moreover, knockdown of OsPLL3 and OsPLL4 by artificial microRNA (amiRNA) disrupted normal pollen development and resulted in partial male sterility. These results could provide valuable information for characterising the functions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms of the OsPLL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Moon S, Oo MM, Kim B, Koh HJ, Oh SA, Yi G, An G, Park SK, Jung KH. Genome-wide analyses of late pollen-preferred genes conserved in various rice cultivars and functional identification of a gene involved in the key processes of late pollen development. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:28. [PMID: 29687350 PMCID: PMC5913055 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding late pollen development, including the maturation and pollination process, is a key component in maintaining crop yields. Transcriptome data obtained through microarray or RNA-seq technologies can provide useful insight into those developmental processes. Six series of microarray data from a public transcriptome database, the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, are related to anther and pollen development. RESULTS We performed a systematic and functional study across the rice genome of genes that are preferentially expressed in the late stages of pollen development, including maturation and germination. By comparing the transcriptomes of sporophytes and male gametes over time, we identified 627 late pollen-preferred genes that are conserved among japonica and indica rice cultivars. Functional classification analysis with a MapMan tool kit revealed a significant association between cell wall organization/metabolism and mature pollen grains. Comparative analysis of rice and Arabidopsis demonstrated that genes involved in cell wall modifications and the metabolism of major carbohydrates are unique to rice. We used the GUS reporter system to monitor the expression of eight of those genes. In addition, we evaluated the significance of our candidate genes, using T-DNA insertional mutant population and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mutants from T-DNA insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 systems of a rice gene encoding glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase are defective in their male gamete transfer. CONCLUSION Through the global analyses of the late pollen-preferred genes from rice, we found several biological features of these genes. First, biological process related to cell wall organization and modification is over-represented in these genes to support rapid tube growth. Second, comparative analysis of late pollen preferred genes between rice and Arabidopsis provide a significant insight on the evolutional disparateness in cell wall biogenesis and storage reserves of pollen. In addition, these candidates might be useful targets for future examinations of late pollen development, and will be a valuable resource for accelerating the understanding of molecular mechanisms for pollen maturation and germination processes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Moe Moe Oo
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Backki Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
| | - Sung Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Gihwan Yi
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
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66
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Han B, Yang N, Pu H, Wang T. Quantitative Proteomics and Cytology of Rice Pollen Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains Reveals Pre-established Cell Polarity Cues in Mature Pollen. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1532-1546. [PMID: 29508613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Pu
- Bruker Daltonics Inc. (China), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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67
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Wang X, Wang K, Yin G, Liu X, Liu M, Cao N, Duan Y, Gao H, Wang W, Ge W, Wang J, Li R, Guo Y. Pollen-Expressed Leucine-Rich Repeat Extensins Are Essential for Pollen Germination and Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1993-2006. [PMID: 29269573 PMCID: PMC5841703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During pollen tube growth, the walls of the tube provide the mechanical strength resisting turgor pressure to protect two sperm cells. Cell wall proteins may play an important role in this process. Pollen tube cell wall proteins known as leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) harbor a leucine-rich repeat domain and an extensin domain. In this study, the functions of four pollen-expressed LRXs, LRX8, LRX9, LRX10, and LRX11 (LRX8-11), were characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LRX8-11 displayed a consistent expression pattern in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes. In a phenotypic analysis of four single mutants, six double mutants, four triple mutants, and a quadruple mutant, the triple and quadruple mutant plants displayed markedly reduced seed set and decreased male transmission efficiency accompanied by compromised pollen germination and pollen tube growth. GFP-fused LRX8, LRX10, and LRX11 were found to be localized to pollen tube cell walls. An immunohistochemical analysis of pollen tube cell wall polysaccharides showed an increase in the amount of rhamnogalacturonan I in the subapical walls of pollen tubes of the lrx9 lrx10 lrx11 and lrx8 lrx9 lrx11 mutants and a decrease in the content of fucosylated xyloglucans in lrx8 lrx9 lrx11 compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the callose content in the apical walls of pollen tubes increased in the lrx8 lrx9 lrx11 mutant. In conclusion, we propose that LRX8-11 function synergistically to maintain pollen tube cell wall integrity; thus, they play critical roles in pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimin Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
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Luo N, Yan A, Liu G, Guo J, Rong D, Kanaoka MM, Xiao Z, Xu G, Higashiyama T, Cui X, Yang Z. Exocytosis-coordinated mechanisms for tip growth underlie pollen tube growth guidance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1687. [PMID: 29162819 PMCID: PMC5698331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tip-growing cells are capable of responding to guidance cues, during which cells precisely steer their growth toward the source of guidance signals. Though several players in signal perception have been identified, little is known about the downstream signaling that controls growth direction during guidance. Here, using combined modeling and experimental studies, we demonstrate that the growth guidance of Arabidopsis pollen tubes is regulated by the signaling network that controls tip growth. Tip-localized exocytosis plays a key role in this network by integrating guidance signals with the ROP1 Rho GTPase signaling and coordinating intracellular signaling with cell wall mechanics. This model reproduces the high robustness and responsiveness of pollen tube guidance and explains the connection between guidance efficiency and the parameters of the tip growth system. Hence, our findings establish an exocytosis-coordinated mechanism underlying the cellular pathfinding guided by signal gradients and the mechanistic linkage between tip growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - An Yan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Duoyan Rong
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Masahiro M Kanaoka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Guanshui Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Xinping Cui
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Aloisi I, Cai G, Faleri C, Navazio L, Serafini-Fracassini D, Del Duca S. Spermine Regulates Pollen Tube Growth by Modulating Ca 2+-Dependent Actin Organization and Cell Wall Structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1701. [PMID: 29033970 PMCID: PMC5627395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proper growth of the pollen tube depends on an elaborate mechanism that integrates several molecular and cytological sub-processes and ensures a cell shape adapted to the transport of gametes. This growth mechanism is controlled by several molecules among which cytoplasmic and apoplastic polyamines. Spermine (Spm) has been correlated with various physiological processes in pollen, including structuring of the cell wall and modulation of protein (mainly cytoskeletal) assembly. In this work, the effects of Spm on the growth of pear pollen tubes were analyzed. When exogenous Spm (100 μM) was supplied to germinating pollen, it temporarily blocked tube growth, followed by the induction of apical swelling. This reshaping of the pollen tube was maintained also after growth recovery, leading to a 30-40% increase of tube diameter. Apical swelling was also accompanied by a transient increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and alteration of pH values, which were the likely cause for major reorganization of actin filaments and cytoplasmic organelle movement. Morphological alterations of the apical and subapical region also involved changes in the deposition of pectin, cellulose, and callose in the cell wall. Thus, results point to the involvement of Spm in cell wall construction as well as cytoskeleton organization during pear pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Broz AK, Guerrero RF, Randle AM, Baek YS, Hahn MW, Bedinger PA. Transcriptomic analysis links gene expression to unilateral pollen-pistil reproductive barriers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:81. [PMID: 28438120 PMCID: PMC5402651 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unilateral incompatibility (UI) is an asymmetric reproductive barrier that unidirectionally prevents gene flow between species and/or populations. UI is characterized by a compatible interaction between partners in one direction, but in the reciprocal cross fertilization fails, generally due to pollen tube rejection by the pistil. Although UI has long been observed in crosses between different species, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be characterized. The wild tomato relative Solanum habrochaites provides a unique study system to investigate the molecular basis of this reproductive barrier, as populations within the species exhibit both interspecific and interpopulation UI. Here we utilized a transcriptomic approach to identify genes in both pollen and pistil tissues that may be key players in UI. RESULTS We confirmed UI at the pollen-pistil level between a self-incompatible population and a self-compatible population of S. habrochaites. A comparison of gene expression between pollinated styles exhibiting the incompatibility response and unpollinated controls revealed only a small number of differentially expressed transcripts. Many more differences in transcript profiles were identified between UI-competent versus UI-compromised reproductive tissues. A number of intriguing candidate genes were highly differentially expressed, including a putative pollen arabinogalactan protein, a stylar Kunitz family protease inhibitor, and a stylar peptide hormone Rapid ALkalinization Factor. Our data also provide transcriptomic evidence that fundamental processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling are likely key in UI pollen-pistil interactions between both populations and species. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression analysis of reproductive tissues allowed us to better understand the molecular basis of interpopulation incompatibility at the level of pollen-pistil interactions. Our transcriptomic analysis highlighted specific genes, including those in ROS signaling pathways that warrant further study in investigations of UI. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify candidate genes involved in unilateral barriers between populations within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Broz
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
| | | | - April M. Randle
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
- Department of Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA
| | - You Soon Baek
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Patricia A. Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
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Tedeschi F, Rizzo P, Rutten T, Altschmied L, Bäumlein H. RWP-RK domain-containing transcription factors control cell differentiation during female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1909-1924. [PMID: 27870062 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of gametes is a prerequisite for any sexually reproducing organism in order to complete its life cycle. In plants, female gametes are formed in a multicellular tissue, the female gametophyte or embryo sac. Although the events leading to the formation of the female gametophyte have been morphologically characterized, the molecular control of embryo sac development remains elusive. We used single and double mutants as well as cell-specific marker lines to characterize a novel class of gene regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana, the RWP-RK domain-containing (RKD) transcription factors. Morphological and histological analyses were conducted using confocal laser scanning and differential interference contrast microscopy. Gene expression and transcriptome analyses were performed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and RNA sequencing, respectively. Our results showed that RKD genes are expressed during distinct stages of embryo sac development. Morphological analysis of the mutants revealed severe distortions in gametophyte polarity and cell differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the expression of several gametophyte-specific gene families (RKD2 and RKD3) and ovule development-specific genes (RKD3), and identified pleiotropic effects on phytohormone pathways (RKD5). Our data provide novel insight into the regulatory control of female gametophyte development. RKDs are involved in the control of cell differentiation and are required for normal gametophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tedeschi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Paride Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Lothar Altschmied
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Helmut Bäumlein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
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Raimundo SC, Pattathil S, Eberhard S, Hahn MG, Popper ZA. β-1,3-Glucans are components of brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) cell walls. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:997-1016. [PMID: 27562783 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
LAMP is a cell wall-directed monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes a β-(1,3)-glucan epitope. It has primarily been used in the immunolocalization of callose in vascular plant cell wall research. It was generated against a brown seaweed storage polysaccharide, laminarin, although it has not often been applied in algal research. We conducted in vitro (glycome profiling of cell wall extracts) and in situ (immunolabeling of sections) studies on the brown seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus (Fucales) and Laminaria digitata (Laminariales). Although glycome profiling did not give a positive signal with the LAMP mAb, this antibody clearly detected the presence of the β-(1,3)-glucan in situ, showing that this epitope is a constituent of these brown algal cell walls. In F. vesiculosus, the β-(1,3)-glucan epitope was present throughout the cell walls in all thallus parts; in L. digitata, the epitope was restricted to the sieve plates of the conductive elements. The sieve plate walls also stained with aniline blue, a fluorochrome used as a probe for callose. Enzymatic digestion with an endo-β-(1,3)-glucanase removed the ability of the LAMP mAb to label the cell walls. Thus, β-(1,3)-glucans are structural polysaccharides of F. vesiculosus cell walls and are integral components of the sieve plates in these brown seaweeds, reminiscent of plant callose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cristina Raimundo
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Biology Department, and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Stefan Eberhard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Hocq L, Sénéchal F, Lefebvre V, Lehner A, Domon JM, Mollet JC, Dehors J, Pageau K, Marcelo P, Guérineau F, Kolšek K, Mercadante D, Pelloux J. Combined Experimental and Computational Approaches Reveal Distinct pH Dependence of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1075-1093. [PMID: 28034952 PMCID: PMC5291010 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fine-tuning of the degree of methylesterification of cell wall pectin is a key to regulating cell elongation and ultimately the shape of the plant body. Pectin methylesterification is spatiotemporally controlled by pectin methylesterases (PMEs; 66 members in Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana]). The comparably large number of proteinaceous pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs; 76 members in Arabidopsis) questions the specificity of the PME-PMEI interaction and the functional role of such abundance. To understand the difference, or redundancy, between PMEIs, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the behavior of two PMEIs that are coexpressed and have distinct effects on plant development: AtPMEI4 and AtPMEI9. Simulations revealed the structural determinants of the pH dependence for the interaction of these inhibitors with AtPME3, a major PME expressed in roots. Key residues that are likely to play a role in the pH dependence were identified. The predictions obtained from MD simulations were confirmed in vitro, showing that AtPMEI9 is a stronger, less pH-independent inhibitor compared with AtPMEI4. Using pollen tubes as a developmental model, we showed that these biochemical differences have a biological significance. Application of purified proteins at pH ranges in which PMEI inhibition differed between AtPMEI4 and AtPMEI9 had distinct consequences on pollen tube elongation. Therefore, MD simulations have proven to be a powerful tool to predict functional diversity between PMEIs, allowing the discovery of a strategy that may be used by PMEIs to inhibit PMEs in different microenvironmental conditions and paving the way to identify the specific role of PMEI diversity in muro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Hocq
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Jérémy Dehors
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Karine Pageau
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - François Guérineau
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.)
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.)
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Katra Kolšek
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.);
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.);
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Davide Mercadante
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.);
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.);
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3417, Université de Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France (L.H., F.S., V.L., J.-M.D., K.P., F.G., J.P.);
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA 4358, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (A.L., J.-C.M., J.D.);
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire en Analyses des Protéines, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France (P.M.); and
- HITS GmbH, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (K.K., D.M.)
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Rong D, Luo N, Mollet JC, Liu X, Yang Z. Salicylic Acid Regulates Pollen Tip Growth through an NPR3/NPR4-Independent Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1478-1491. [PMID: 27575693 PMCID: PMC7513929 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tip growth is a common strategy for the rapid elongation of cells to forage the environment and/or to target to long-distance destinations. In the model tip growth system of Arabidopsis pollen tubes, several small-molecule hormones regulate their elongation, but how these rapidly diffusing molecules control extremely localized growth remains mysterious. Here we show that the interconvertible salicylic acid (SA) and methylated SA (MeSA), well characterized for their roles in plant defense, oppositely regulate Arabidopsis pollen tip growth with SA being inhibitory and MeSA stimulatory. The effect of SA and MeSA was independent of known NPR3/NPR4 SA receptor-mediated signaling pathways. SA inhibited clathrin-mediated endocytosis in pollen tubes associated with an increased accumulation of less stretchable demethylated pectin in the apical wall, whereas MeSA did the opposite. Furthermore, SA and MeSA alter the apical activation of ROP1 GTPase, a key regulator of tip growth in pollen tubes, in an opposite manner. Interestingly, both MeSA methylesterase and SA methyltransferase, which catalyze the interconversion between SA and MeSA, are localized at the apical region of pollen tubes, indicating of the tip-localized production of SA and MeSA and consistent with their effects on the apical cellular activities. These findings suggest that local generation of a highly diffusible signal can regulate polarized cell growth, providing a novel mechanism of cell polarity control apart from the one involving protein and mRNA polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jean Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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A Ploidy-Sensitive Mechanism Regulates Aperture Formation on the Arabidopsis Pollen Surface and Guides Localization of the Aperture Factor INP1. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006060. [PMID: 27177036 PMCID: PMC4866766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen presents a powerful model for studying mechanisms of precise formation and deposition of extracellular structures. Deposition of the pollen wall exine leads to the generation of species-specific patterns on pollen surface. In most species, exine does not develop uniformly across the pollen surface, resulting in the formation of apertures-openings in the exine that are species-specific in number, morphology and location. A long time ago, it was proposed that number and positions of apertures might be determined by the geometry of tetrads of microspores-the precursors of pollen grains arising via meiotic cytokinesis, and by the number of last-contact points between sister microspores. We have tested this model by characterizing Arabidopsis mutants with ectopic apertures and/or abnormal geometry of meiotic products. Here we demonstrate that contact points per se do not act as aperture number determinants and that a correct geometric conformation of a tetrad is neither necessary nor sufficient to generate a correct number of apertures. A mechanism sensitive to pollen ploidy, however, is very important for aperture number and positions and for guiding the aperture factor INP1 to future aperture sites. In the mutants with ectopic apertures, the number and positions of INP1 localization sites change depending on ploidy or ploidy-related cell size and not on INP1 levels, suggesting that sites for aperture formation are specified before INP1 is brought to them.
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Marowa P, Ding A, Kong Y. Expansins: roles in plant growth and potential applications in crop improvement. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:949-65. [PMID: 26888755 PMCID: PMC4833835 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Results from various expansin related studies have demonstrated that expansins present an opportunity to improve various crops in many different aspects ranging from yield and fruit ripening to improved stress tolerance. The recent advances in expansin studies were reviewed. Besides producing the strength that is needed by the plants, cell walls define cell shape, cell size and cell function. Expansins are cell wall proteins which consist of four sub families; α-expansin, β-expansin, expansin-like A and expansin-like B. These proteins mediate cell wall loosening and they are present in all plants and in some microbial organisms and other organisms like snails. Decades after their initial discovery in cucumber, it is now clear that these small proteins have diverse biological roles in plants. Through their ability to enable the local sliding of wall polymers by reducing adhesion between adjacent wall polysaccharides and the part they play in cell wall remodeling after cytokinesis, it is now clear that expansins are required in almost all plant physiological development aspects from germination to fruiting. This is shown by the various reports from different studies using various molecular biology approaches such as gene achieve these many roles through their non-enzymatic wall loosening ability. This paper reviews and summarizes some of the reported functions of expansins and outlines the potential uses of expansins in crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Marowa
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Williams JH, Edwards JA, Ramsey AJ. Economy, efficiency, and the evolution of pollen tube growth rates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:471-483. [PMID: 26936897 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) is an important aspect of male gametophyte performance because of its central role in the fertilization process. Theory suggests that under intense competition, PTGRs should evolve to be faster, especially if PTGR accurately reflects gametophyte quality. Oddly, we know remarkably little about how effectively the work of tube construction is translated to elongation (growth and growth rate). Here we test the prediction that pollen tubes grow equally efficiently by comparing the scaling of wall production rate (WPR) to PTGR in three water lilies that flower concurrently: Nymphaea odorata, Nuphar advena and Brasenia schreberi. METHODS Single-donor pollinations on flower or carpel pairs were fixed just after pollen germination (time A) and 45 min later (time B). Mean PTGR was calculated as the average increase in tube length over that growth period. Tube circumferences (C) and wall thicknesses (W) were measured at time B. For each donor, WPR = mean (C × W) × mean PTGR. KEY RESULTS Within species, pollen tubes maintained a constant WPR to PTGR ratio, but species had significantly different ratios. N. odorata and N. advena had similar PTGRs, but for any given PTGR, they had the lowest and highest WPRs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We showed that growth rate efficiencies evolved by changes in the volume of wall material used for growth and in how that material was partitioned between lateral and length dimensions. The economics of pollen tube growth are determined by tube design, which is consequent on trade-offs between efficient growth and other pollen tube functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Jacob A Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Adam J Ramsey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
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Bac-Molenaar JA, Fradin EF, Becker FFM, Rienstra JA, van der Schoot J, Vreugdenhil D, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Fertility Reduction upon Heat Stress Reveals Developmental Stage-Specific QTLs in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1857-74. [PMID: 26163573 PMCID: PMC4531356 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For crops that are grown for their fruits or seeds, elevated temperatures that occur during flowering and seed or fruit set have a stronger effect on yield than high temperatures during the vegetative stage. Even short-term exposure to heat can have a large impact on yield. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to study the effect of short-term heat exposure on flower and seed development. The impact of a single hot day (35°C) was determined in more than 250 natural accessions by measuring the lengths of the siliques along the main inflorescence. Two sensitive developmental stages were identified, one before anthesis, during male and female meiosis, and one after anthesis, during fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, we observed a correlation between flowering time and heat tolerance. Genome-wide association mapping revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with the heat response. These QTLs were developmental stage specific, as different QTLs were detected before and after anthesis. For a number of QTLs, T-DNA insertion knockout lines could validate assigned candidate genes. Our findings show that the regulation of complex traits can be highly dependent on the developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Bac-Molenaar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie F Fradin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F M Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juriaan A Rienstra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Schoot
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hoedemaekers K, Derksen J, Hoogstrate SW, Wolters-Arts M, Oh SA, Twell D, Mariani C, Rieu I. BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube tip in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:255-267. [PMID: 25442716 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination may occur via the so-called germination pores or directly through the pollen wall at the site of contact with the stigma. In this study, we addressed what processes take place during pollen hydration (i.e. before tube emergence), in a species with extra-poral pollen germination, Arabidopsis thaliana. A T-DNA mutant population was screened by segregation distortion analysis. Histological and electron microscopy techniques were applied to examine the wild-type and mutant phenotypes. Within 1 h of the start of pollen hydration, an intine-like structure consisting of cellulose, callose and at least partly de-esterified pectin was formed at the pollen wall. Subsequently, this 'germination plaque' gradually extended and opened up to provide passage for the cytoplasm into the emerging pollen tube. BURSTING POLLEN (BUP) was identified as a gene essential for the correct organization of this plaque and the tip of the pollen tube. BUP encodes a novel Golgi-located glycosyltransferase related to the glycosyltransferase 4 (GT4) subfamily which is conserved throughout the plant kingdom. Extra-poral pollen germination involves the development of a germination plaque and BUP defines the correct plastic-elastic properties of this plaque and the pollen tube tip by affecting pectin synthesis or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoedemaekers
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Derksen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W Hoogstrate
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke Wolters-Arts
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sung-Aeong Oh
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Celestina Mariani
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Leroux C, Bouton S, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Fabrice TN, Mareck A, Guénin S, Fournet F, Ringli C, Pelloux J, Driouich A, Lerouge P, Lehner A, Mollet JC. PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 is involved in Arabidopsis pollen grain germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:367-80. [PMID: 25524442 PMCID: PMC4326738 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination of pollen grains is a crucial step in plant reproduction. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the role of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 (PME48), an enzyme implicated in the remodeling of pectins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen. A combination of functional genomics, gene expression, in vivo and in vitro pollen germination, immunolabeling, and biochemical analyses was used on wild-type and Atpme48 mutant plants. We showed that AtPME48 is specifically expressed in the male gametophyte and is the second most expressed PME in dry and imbibed pollen grains. Pollen grains from homozygous mutant lines displayed a significant delay in imbibition and germination in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, numerous pollen grains showed two tips emerging instead of one in the wild type. Immunolabeling and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the degree of methylesterification of the homogalacturonan was higher in pme48-/- pollen grains. In contrast, the PME activity was lower in pme48-/-, partly due to a reduction of PME48 activity revealed by zymogram. Interestingly, the wild-type phenotype was restored in pme48-/- with the optimum germination medium supplemented with 2.5 mm calcium chloride, suggesting that in the wild-type pollen, the weakly methylesterified homogalacturonan is a source of Ca(2+) necessary for pollen germination. Although pollen-specific PMEs are traditionally associated with pollen tube elongation, this study provides strong evidence that PME48 impacts the mechanical properties of the intine wall during maturation of the pollen grain, which, in turn, influences pollen grain germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leroux
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Sophie Bouton
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Tohnyui Ndinyanka Fabrice
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Alain Mareck
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Françoise Fournet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
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Ebine K, Ueda T. Roles of membrane trafficking in plant cell wall dynamics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:878. [PMID: 26539200 PMCID: PMC4609830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall is one of the characteristic components of plant cells. The cell wall composition differs among cell types and is modified in response to various environmental conditions. To properly generate and modify the cell wall, many proteins are transported to the plasma membrane or extracellular space through membrane trafficking, which is one of the key protein transport mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. Given the diverse composition and functions of the cell wall in plants, the transport of the cell wall components and proteins that are involved in cell wall-related events could be specialized for each cell type, i.e., the machinery for cell wall biogenesis, modification, and maintenance could be transported via different trafficking pathways. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of membrane trafficking in plant cells and focus on the biogenesis and regulation of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Ebine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuo Ebine,
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Dardelle F, Le Mauff F, Lehner A, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Bardor M, Rihouey C, Causse M, Lerouge P, Driouich A, Mollet JC. Pollen tube cell walls of wild and domesticated tomatoes contain arabinosylated and fucosylated xyloglucan. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:55-66. [PMID: 25434027 PMCID: PMC4284112 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In flowering plants, fertilization relies on the delivery of the sperm cells carried by the pollen tube to the ovule. During the tip growth of the pollen tube, proper assembly of the cell wall polymers is required to maintain the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Xyloglucan (XyG) is a cell wall polymer known for maintaining the wall integrity and thus allowing cell expansion. In most angiosperms, the XyG of somatic cells is fucosylated, except in the Asterid clade (including the Solanaceae), where the fucosyl residues are replaced by arabinose, presumably due to an adaptive and/or selective diversification. However, it has been shown recently that XyG of Nicotiana alata pollen tubes is mostly fucosylated. The objective of the present work was to determine whether such structural differences between somatic and gametophytic cells are a common feature of Nicotiana and Solanum (more precisely tomato) genera. METHODS XyGs of pollen tubes of domesticated (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and var. Saint-Pierre) and wild (S. pimpinellifolium and S. peruvianum) tomatoes and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were analysed by immunolabelling, oligosaccharide mass profiling and GC-MS analyses. KEY RESULTS Pollen tubes from all the species were labelled with the mAb CCRC-M1, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes epitopes associated with fucosylated XyG motifs. Analyses of the cell wall did not highlight major structural differences between previously studied N. alata and N. tabacum XyG. In contrast, XyG of tomato pollen tubes contained fucosylated and arabinosylated motifs. The highest levels of fucosylated XyG were found in pollen tubes from the wild species. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate that the male gametophyte (pollen tube) and the sporophyte have structurally different XyG. This suggests that fucosylated XyG may have an important role in the tip growth of pollen tubes, and that they must have a specific set of functional XyG fucosyltransferases, which are yet to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Dardelle
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - François Le Mauff
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Causse
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, Normandy University, IRIB, VASI, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, COBRA, UMR6014 and FR3038, Normandy University, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, UMR CNRS 6270, Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France and Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA UR1052, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France
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Jiang J, Yao L, Yu Y, Liang Y, Jiang J, Ye N, Miao Y, Cao J. PECTATE LYASE-LIKE 9 from Brassica campestris is associated with intine formation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:66-75. [PMID: 25443834 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassica campestris pectate lyase-like 9 (BcPLL9) was previously identified as a differentially expressed gene both in buds during late pollen developmental stage and in pistils during fertilization in Chinese cabbage. To characterize the gene's function, antisense-RNA lines of BcPLL9 (bcpll9) were constructed in Chinese cabbage. Self- and cross-fertilization experiments harvested half seed yields when bcpll9 lines were used as pollen donors. In vivo and in vitro pollen germination assays showed that nearly half of the pollen tubes in bcpll9 were irregular with shorter length and uneven surface. Aniline blue staining identified abnormal accumulation of a specific bright blue unknown material in the bcpll9 pollen portion. Scanning electron microscopy observation verified the abnormal outthrust material to be near the pollen germinal furrows. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed the internal endintine layer was overdeveloped and predominantly occupied the intine. This abnormally formed intine likely induced the wavy structure and growth arrest of the pollen tube in half of the bcpll9 pollen grains, which resulted in less seed yields. Collectively, this study presented a novel PLL gene that has an important function in B. campestris intine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Lina Yao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youjian Yu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianxia Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Nenghui Ye
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ying Miao
- The Center of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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84
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Dumont M, Lehner A, Bouton S, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Voxeur A, Pelloux J, Lerouge P, Mollet JC. The cell wall pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan-II is required for proper pollen tube elongation: implications of a putative sialyltransferase-like protein. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1177-88. [PMID: 24825296 PMCID: PMC4195553 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is one of the pectin motifs found in the cell wall of all land plants. It contains sugars such as 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-lyxo-heptulosaric acid (Dha) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), and within the wall RG-II is mostly found as a dimer via a borate diester cross-link. To date, little is known regarding the biosynthesis of this motif. Here, after a brief review of our current knowledge on RG-II structure, biosynthesis and function in plants, this study explores the implications of the presence of a Golgi-localized sialyltransferase-like 2 (SIA2) protein that is possibly involved in the transfer of Dha or Kdo in the RG-II of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes, a fast-growing cell type used as a model for the study of cell elongation. METHODS Two heterozygous mutant lines of arabidopsis (sia2-1+/- and qrt1 × sia2-2+/-) were investigated. sia2-2+/- was in a quartet1 background and the inserted T-DNA contained the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS) under the pollen-specific promoter LAT52. Pollen germination and pollen tube phenotype and growth were analysed both in vitro and in vivo by microscopy. KEY RESULTS Self-pollination of heterozygous lines produced no homozygous plants in the progeny, which may suggest that the mutation could be lethal. Heterozygous mutants displayed a much lower germination rate overall and exhibited a substantial delay in germination (20 h of delay to reach 30 % of pollen grain germination compared with the wild type). In both lines, mutant pollen grains that were able to produce a tube had tubes that were either bursting, abnormal (swollen or dichotomous branching tip) or much shorter compared with wild-type pollen tubes. In vivo, mutant pollen tubes were restricted to the style, whereas the wild-type pollen tubes were detected at the base of the ovary. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that the mutation in arabidopsis SIA2 encoding a sialyltransferase-like protein that may transfer Dha or Kdo on the RG-II motif has a dramatic effect on the stability of the pollen tube cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dumont
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bouton
- Laboratoire Biologie des Plantes & Innovation (BIOPI) EA3900, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Marie Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- Laboratoire Biologie des Plantes & Innovation (BIOPI) EA3900, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Normandy University, University of Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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85
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Sénéchal F, Wattier C, Rustérucci C, Pelloux J. Homogalacturonan-modifying enzymes: structure, expression, and roles in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5125-60. [PMID: 25056773 PMCID: PMC4400535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changes affecting the plant cell wall is a key element in addressing its functional role in plant growth and in the response to stress. Pectins, which are the main constituents of the primary cell wall in dicot species, play a central role in the control of cellular adhesion and thereby of the rheological properties of the wall. This is likely to be a major determinant of plant growth. How the discrete changes in pectin structure are mediated is thus a key issue in our understanding of plant development and plant responses to changes in the environment. In particular, understanding the remodelling of homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic polymer, by specific enzymes is a current challenge in addressing its fundamental role. HG, a polymer that can be methylesterified or acetylated, can be modified by HGMEs (HG-modifying enzymes) which all belong to large multigenic families in all species sequenced to date. In particular, both the degrees of substitution (methylesterification and/or acetylation) and polymerization can be controlled by specific enzymes such as pectin methylesterases (PMEs), pectin acetylesterases (PAEs), polygalacturonases (PGs), or pectate lyases-like (PLLs). Major advances in the biochemical and functional characterization of these enzymes have been made over the last 10 years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, up to date summary of the recent data concerning the structure, regulation, and function of these fascinating enzymes in plant development and in response to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Wattier
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christine Rustérucci
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
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86
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Gui CP, Dong X, Liu HK, Huang WJ, Zhang D, Wang SJ, Barberini ML, Gao XY, Muschietti J, McCormick S, Tang WH. Overexpression of the tomato pollen receptor kinase LePRK1 rewires pollen tube growth to a blebbing mode. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3538-55. [PMID: 25194029 PMCID: PMC4213151 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The tubular growth of a pollen tube cell is crucial for the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. LePRK1 is a pollen-specific and plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). LePRK1 interacts with another receptor, LePRK2, and with KINASE PARTNER PROTEIN (KPP), a Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Here, we show that pollen tubes overexpressing LePRK1 or a truncated LePRK1 lacking its extracellular domain (LePRK1ΔECD) have enlarged tips but also extend their leading edges by producing "blebs." Coexpression of LePRK1 and tomato PLIM2a, an actin bundling protein that interacts with KPP in a Ca(2+)-responsive manner, suppressed these LePRK1 overexpression phenotypes, whereas pollen tubes coexpressing KPP, LePRK1, and PLIM2a resumed the blebbing growth mode. We conclude that overexpression of LePRK1 or LePRK1ΔECD rewires pollen tube growth to a blebbing mode, through KPP- and PLIM2a-mediated bundling of actin filaments from tip plasma membranes. Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes expressing LePRK1ΔECD also grew by blebbing. Our results exposed a hidden capability of the pollen tube cell: upon overexpression of a single membrane-localized molecule, LePRK1 or LePRK1ΔECD, it can switch to an alternative mechanism for extension of the leading edge that is analogous to the blebbing growth mode reported for Dictyostelium and for Drosophila melanogaster stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Kuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Jie Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - María Laura Barberini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xiao-Yan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jorge Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Hector Torres, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sheila McCormick
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
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87
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Larson ER, Tierney ML, Tinaz B, Domozych DS. Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool for studying cell wall microarchitecture and dynamics in Arabidopsis. PLANT METHODS 2014; 10:30. [PMID: 25309618 PMCID: PMC4192329 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Arabidopsis root hair represents a valuable cell model for elucidating polar expansion mechanisms in plant cells and the overall biology of roots. The deposition and development of the cell wall is central to the root hair expansion apparatus. During this process, incorporation of specific wall polymers into the growing wall architecture constitutes a critical spatio-temporal event that controls hair size and growth rate and one that is closely coordinated with the cell's endomembrane, cytoskeletal and signal transduction apparatuses. RESULTS In this study, the protocol for live cell labeling of roots with monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific wall polymers is presented. This method allows for rapid assessment of root hair cell wall composition during development and assists in describing changes to cell wall composition in transgenic mutant lines. Enzymatic "unmasking" of specific polymers prior to labeling allows for refined interpretation of cell wall chemistry. Live cell immunofluorescence data may also be correlated with transmission electron microscopy-based immunogold labeling. CONCLUSIONS Live Arabidopsis root hairs may be labeled with cell wall polymer-specific antibodies. This methodology allows for direct visualization of cell wall dynamics throughout development in stable transgenic plant lines. It also provides an important new tool in the elucidation of the specific interactions occurring between membrane trafficking networks, cytoskeleton and the cell wall deposition/remodeling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Larson
- />Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
- />Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Mary L Tierney
- />Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
- />Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Berke Tinaz
- />Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
| | - David S Domozych
- />Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
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88
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Lampugnani ER, Moller IE, Cassin A, Jones DF, Koh PL, Ratnayake S, Beahan CT, Wilson SM, Bacic A, Newbigin E. In vitro grown pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata actively synthesise a fucosylated xyloglucan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77140. [PMID: 24116212 PMCID: PMC3792914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotiana alata pollen tubes are a widely used model for studies of polarized tip growth and cell wall synthesis in plants. To better understand these processes, RNA-Seq and de novo assembly methods were used to produce a transcriptome of N. alata pollen grains. Notable in the reconstructed transcriptome were sequences encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis and remodelling of xyloglucan, a cell wall polysaccharide previously not thought to be deposited in Nicotiana pollen tube walls. Expression of several xyloglucan-related genes in actively growing pollen tubes was confirmed and xyloglucan epitopes were detected in the wall with carbohydrate-specific antibodies: the major xyloglucan oligosaccharides found in N. alata pollen grains and tubes were fucosylated, an unusual structure for the Solanaceae, the family to which Nicotiana belongs. Finally, carbohydrate linkages consistent with xyloglucan were identified chemically in the walls of N. alata pollen grains and pollen tubes grown in culture. The presence of a fucosylated xyloglucan in Nicotiana pollen tube walls was thus confirmed. The consequences of this discovery to models of pollen tube growth dynamics and more generally to polarised tip-growing cells in plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel E. Moller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Cassin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Jones
- Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poh Ling Koh
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Ratnayake
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cherie T. Beahan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Wilson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science & Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ed Newbigin
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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89
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Wang L, Wang W, Wang YQ, Liu YY, Wang JX, Zhang XQ, Ye D, Chen LQ. Arabidopsis galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) 13 and GAUT14 have redundant functions in pollen tube growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1131-48. [PMID: 23709340 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis is indispensable for pollen tube growth. Despite its importance to sexual reproduction, the molecular mechanisms of pollen tube wall biosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report functional characterization of two putative Arabidopsis galacturonosyltransferase genes, GAUT13 and GAUT14, which are essential for pollen tube growth. GAUT13 and GAUT14 encode the proteins that share a high amino acid sequence identity and are located in the Golgi apparatus. The T-DNA insertion mutants, gaut13 and gaut14, did not exhibit any observable defects, but the gaut13 gaut14 double mutants were defective in pollen tube growth; 35.2-37.3% pollen tubes in the heterozygous double mutants were swollen and defective in elongation. The outer layer of the cell wall did not appear distinctly fibrillar in the double mutant pollen tubes. Furthermore, distribution of homogalacturonan labeled with JIM5 and JIM7 in the double mutant pollen tube wall was significantly altered compared to wild-type. Our results suggest that GAUT13 and GAUT14 function redundantly in pollen tube growth, possibly through participation in pectin biosynthesis of the pollen tube wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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