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Kane AQ, Esper AM, Searles K, Ehm C, Veige AS. Probing β-alkyl elimination and selectivity in polyolefin hydrogenolysis through DFT. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A long chain substrate with [(SiO)3ZrH] has been investigated to elucidate selectivity rules in β-alkyl elimination. DFT studies indicate that polypropylene preferentially undergoes β-Me elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q. Kane
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alec M. Esper
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Keith Searles
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adam S. Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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52
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Komal, Deepeka, Kaur J, Kumar V, Tikoo KB, Kaushik A, Singhal S. Coupling the fluorescence and adsorptive properties of biomass-based cellulose–CdS nanocomposite for the alleviation of water contaminants. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integration of CdS nanoparticles with CNF nanofibers for selective fluorescence detection of pharmaceutical waste and adsorptive elimination of textile and pesticide waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Deepeka
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Energy Research Centre
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- HR-TEM Facility Lab
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- SAS Nagar
- India
| | - K. B. Tikoo
- HR-TEM Facility Lab
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- SAS Nagar
- India
| | - Anupama Kaushik
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Chandigarh
- India
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53
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Ma H, Wei Z, Zhou S, Zhu H, Tang J, Yin J, Yue J, Yang J. Supernucleation, crystalline structure and thermal stability of bacterially synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polyester tailored by thymine as a biocompatible nucleating agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1562-1573. [PMID: 33058980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring thymine (TM) was incorporated into bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) polyester to fabricate a novel and green biocomposite. Both 0.5% and 1% TM exhibit supernucleation effect on PHB, and crystallization kinetics suggests TM significantly increased Tc and Xc, and substantially shortened t1/2 of PHB. Epitaxial nucleation caused by a perfect crystal lattice matching between PHB and TM, was proposed to elucidate nucleation mechanism of PHB. Hydrogen bond interaction exists between CO, C-O-C groups of PHB and -CH3 (or -CH)/-NH- group of TM. TM interacted with CO group of PHB crystalline phase rather than that of amorphous one. In addition, two new IR crystalline bands assigned to C-O-C group of PHB appeared in the presence of TM, which arises from shift of two amorphous ones, respectively. TM enhanced onset thermal degradation temperature of PHB, mainly attributed to increased degree of crystallinity of PHB and flame retardance effect of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Junjie Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
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54
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Qin Y, Summerscales J, Graham-Jones J, Meng M, Pemberton R. Monomer Selection for In Situ Polymerization Infusion Manufacture of Natural-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic-Matrix Marine Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2928. [PMID: 33297353 PMCID: PMC7762249 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of environmental issues has led to increasing interest from composite researchers in using "greener" materials to replace synthetic fiber reinforcements and petrochemical polymer matrices. Natural fiber bio-based thermoplastic composites could be an appropriate choice with advantages including reducing environmental impacts, using renewable resources and being recyclable. The choice of polymer matrix will significantly affect the cost, manufacturing process, mechanical properties and durability of the composite system. The criteria for appropriate monomers are based on the processing temperature and viscosity, polymer mechanical properties, recyclability, etc. This review considers the selection of thermoplastic monomers suitable for in situ polymerization during resin, now monomer, infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT, now MIFT), with a primary focus on marine composite applications. Given the systems currently available, methyl methacrylate (MMA) may be the most suitable monomer, especially for marine composites. MMA has low process temperatures, a long open window for infusion, and low moisture absorption. However, end-of-life recovery may be limited to matrix depolymerization. Bio-based MMA is likely to become commercially available in a few years. Polylactide (PLA) is an alternative infusible monomer, but the relatively high processing temperature may require expensive consumable materials and could compromise natural fiber properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing & Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (J.S.); (J.G.-J.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
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55
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Antibacterial Bio-Based Polymers for Cranio-Maxillofacial Regeneration Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region, contributing to the increased risk of bacterial infections. In this regard, different materials have been used for their application in this field. These materials can be obtained from natural and renewable feedstocks, or by synthetic routes with desired mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Hence, in this review, we have focused on bio-based polymers which, by their own nature, by chemical modifications of their structure, or by their combination with other elements, provide a useful antibacterial activity as well as the suitable conditions for cranio-maxillofacial tissue regeneration. This approach has not been reviewed previously, and we have specifically arranged the content of this article according to the resulting material and its corresponding application; we review guided bone regeneration membranes, bone cements and devices and scaffolds for both soft and hard maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including hybrid scaffolds, dental implants, hydrogels and composites.
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56
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Aliotta L, Gigante V, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Effect of a Bio-Based Dispersing Aid (Einar ® 101) on PLA-Arbocel ® Biocomposites: Evaluation of the Interfacial Shear Stress on the Final Mechanical Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111549. [PMID: 33202908 PMCID: PMC7697637 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the production and the characterization of poly (lactic) acid (PLA)-based composites containing different amounts (from 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%) of ultra-short cellulose fibers (Arbocel 600 BE/PU) have been investigated. On the basis of a previous study, it was observed that the addition of the cellulose fibers led to an embrittlement of the composite. Consequently, in order to obtain a composite with enhanced impact resistance and elongation at break, the effect of the Einar 101 addition (a bio-based dispersing aid additive) was analyzed. The role of the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, coupled with a better fiber dispersion, was thus evaluated. Also, the consequences on the final mechanical properties (tensile and impact test) caused by the Einar addition were investigated. Analytical models were also applied in order to obtain an evaluation of the variation of the interfacial shear stress (IFSS) (strictly correlated to the fiber-matrix adhesion) caused by the Einar introduction. Furthermore, due to the very low aspect ratio of the Arbocel fibers, a suitable Bader and Boyer model variation was adopted in order to have a better quantitative estimation of the IFSS value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-7807
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57
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Beig B, Niazi MBK, Jahan Z, Kakar SJ, Shah GA, Shahid M, Zia M, Haq MU, Rashid MI. Biodegradable Polymer Coated Granular Urea Slows Down N Release Kinetics and Improves Spinach Productivity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112623. [PMID: 33171829 PMCID: PMC7695163 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency due to environmental N losses from fertilizers results in high-cost on-farm production. Urea coating with biodegradable polymers can prevent these losses by controlling the N release of fertilizers. We calculated N release kinetics of coated granular with various biodegradable polymeric materials and its impact on spinach yield and N uptake. Different formulations were used, (i) G-1: 10% starch + 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) + 5% molasses; (ii) G-2: 10% starch + 5% PVA + 5% paraffin wax (PW); (iii) G-3: 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic + 5% PW; (iv) G-4: 5% molasses + 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic, to coat urea using a fluidized bed coater. The morphological and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that a uniform coating layer with no new phase formation occurred. In the G-2 treatment, maximum crushing strength (72.9 N) was achieved with a slowed-down N release rate and increased efficiency of 31%. This resulted in increased spinach dry foliage yield (47%), N uptake (60%) and apparent N recovery (ANR: 130%) from G-2 compared to uncoated urea (G-0). Therefore, coating granular urea with biodegradable polymers is a good choice to slower down the N release rate and enhances the crop yield and N utilization efficiency from urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Beig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-51-9085-5103
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Salik Javed Kakar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road Rawalpindi, Punjab 10370, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Munir Zia
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Midrar Ul Haq
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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58
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Acik G. Preparation of antimicrobial and biodegradable hybrid soybean oil and poly (ʟ-lactide) based polymer with quaternized ammonium salt. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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59
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Silva FAGS, Dourado F, Gama M, Poças F. Nanocellulose Bio-Based Composites for Food Packaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2041. [PMID: 33081126 PMCID: PMC7602726 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The food industry is increasingly demanding advanced and eco-friendly sustainable packaging materials with improved physical, mechanical and barrier properties. The currently used materials are synthetic and non-degradable, therefore raising environmental concerns. Consequently, research efforts have been made in recent years towards the development of bio-based sustainable packaging materials. In this review, the potential of nanocelluloses as nanofillers or as coatings for the development of bio-based nanocomposites is discussed, namely: (i) the physico-chemical interaction of nanocellulose with the adjacent polymeric phase, (ii) the effect of nanocellulose modification/functionalization on the final properties of the composites, (iii) the production methods for such composites, and (iv) the effect of nanocellulose on the overall migration, toxicity, and the potential risk to human health. Lastly, the technology readiness level of nanocellulose and nanocellulose based composites for the market of food packaging is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A. G. S. Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.G.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fátima Poças
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Laboratório Associado, CBQF–Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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60
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Quirino RL, Monroe K, Fleischer CH, Biswas E, Kessler MR. Thermosetting polymers from renewable sources. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Quirino
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Khristal Monroe
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Carl H Fleischer
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Eletria Biswas
- Chemistry Department Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA
| | - Michael R Kessler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA
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61
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Ushimaru K, Morita T, Fukuoka T. Bio-Based, Flexible, and Tough Material Derived from ε-Poly-l-lysine and Fructose via the Maillard Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22793-22799. [PMID: 32954127 PMCID: PMC7495479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a bio-based, soft, elastic, and tough material prepared from a mixture of ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and d-fructose. The obtained complex was insoluble in water, whereas its ingredients had high water solubility. This complex was likely formed via Schiff base formation and subsequent rearrangement reactions, that is, the Maillard reaction, because the reaction occurred between reducing sugars and cationic polyelectrolytes having primary and secondary amino groups. The progress of the Maillard reaction was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the complexes were evaluated by tensile testing, and the properties of the optimized complex [ε-PL/fructose = 60:40 (w/w), maximum stress = 27.9 MPa, strain at break = 46%, Young's modulus = 741.6 MPa] resembled those of some petroleum-based plastics. Additionally, the ε-PL/fructose complex displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. These ε-PL/fructose complexes have biological properties such as antimicrobial activity, low toxicity toward mammals, and biodegradability, which are attributable to the intrinsic nature of ε-PL, as well as enhanced mechanical properties and water resistance compared with pure ε-PL.
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62
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A Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Degradation Behaviours of Some Bio-Based Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081830. [PMID: 32824153 PMCID: PMC7465878 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we report on a detailed study regarding the thermal degradation behaviours of some bio-sourced substrates. These were previously identified as the base materials in the formulations for fireproofing wood plaques through our investigations. The substrates included: β-cyclodextrin, dextran, potato starch, agar-agar, tamarind kernel powder and chitosan. For deducing the Arrhenius parameters from thermograms obtained through routine thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), we used the standard Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method and employed an in-house developed proprietary software. In the former case, five different heating rates were used, whereas in the latter case, the data from one dynamic heating regime were utilized. Given that the FWO method is essentially based on a model-free approach that also makes use of multiple heating rates, it can be considered in the present context as superior to the one that is dependent on a single heating rate. It is also relevant to note here that the values of energy of activation (Ea) obtained in each case should only be considered as apparent values at best. Furthermore, some useful, but limited, correlations were identified between the Ea values and the relevant parameters obtained earlier by us from pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC).
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63
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Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The problems linked to plastic wastes have led to the development of biodegradable plastics. More specifically, biodegradable bioplastics are the polymers that are mineralized into carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic compounds, or biomass through the enzymatic action of specific microorganisms. They could, therefore, be a suitable and environmentally friendly substitute to conventional petrochemical plastics. The physico-chemical structure of the biopolymers, the environmental conditions, as well as the microbial populations to which the bioplastics are exposed to are the most influential factors to biodegradation. This process can occur in both natural and industrial environments, in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with the latter being the least researched. The examined aerobic environments include compost, soil, and some aquatic environments, whereas the anaerobic environments include anaerobic digestion plants and a few aquatic habitats. This review investigates both the extent and the biodegradation rates under different environments and explores the state-of-the-art knowledge of the environmental and biological factors involved in biodegradation. Moreover, the review demonstrates the need for more research on the long-term fate of bioplastics under natural and industrial (engineered) environments. However, bioplastics cannot be considered a panacea when dealing with the elimination of plastic pollution.
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64
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Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Panariello L, Gigante V, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061366. [PMID: 32560520 PMCID: PMC7361961 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend-based films containing chitin nanofibrils (CN) and calcium carbonate were prepared by extrusion and compression molding. On the basis of previous studies, processability was controlled by the use of a few percent of a commercial acrylic copolymer acting as melt strength enhancer and calcium carbonate. Furthermore, acetyl n-tributyl citrate (ATBC), a renewable and biodegradable plasticizer (notoriously adopted in PLA based products) was added to facilitate not only the processability but also to increase the mechanical flexibility and toughness. However, during the storage of these films, a partial loss of plasticizer was observed. The consequence of this is not only correlated to the change of the mechanical properties making the films more rigid but also to the crystallization and development of surficial oiliness. The effect of the addition of calcium carbonate (nanometric and micrometric) and natural nanofibers (chitin nanofibrils) to reduce/control the plasticizer migration was investigated. The prediction of plasticizer migration from the films’ core to the external surface was carried out and the diffusion coefficients, obtained by regression of the experimental migration data plotted as the square root of time, were evaluated for different blends compositions. The results of the diffusion coefficients, obtained thanks to migration tests, showed that the CN can slow the plasticizer migration. However, the best result was achieved with micrometric calcium carbonate while nanometric calcium carbonate results were less effective due to favoring of some bio polyesters’ chain scission. The use of both micrometric calcium carbonate and CN was counterproductive due to the agglomeration phenomena that were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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65
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Khalifa M, Anandhan S, Wuzella G, Lammer H, Mahendran AR. Thermoplastic polyurethane composites reinforced with renewable and sustainable fillers – a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1768544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology , India
| | - Günter Wuzella
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood K plus , Altenberger strasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
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66
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Tuning the Properties of Furandicarboxylic Acid-Based Polyesters with Copolymerization: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061209. [PMID: 32466455 PMCID: PMC7361963 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are a new class of biobased polymers with enormous interest, both from a scientific and industrial perspective. The commercialization of these polymers is imminent as the pressure for a sustainable economy grows, and extensive worldwide research currently takes place on developing cost-competitive, renewable plastics. The most prevalent method for imparting these polymers with new properties is copolymerization, as many studies have been published over the last few years. This present review aims to summarize the trends in the synthesis of FDCA-based copolymers and to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in transforming them to a more versatile class of materials that could potentially be appropriate for a number of high-end and conventional applications.
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67
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Astete CE, De Mel JU, Gupta S, Noh Y, Bleuel M, Schneider GJ, Sabliov CM. Lignin-Graft-Poly(lactic- co-glycolic) Acid Biopolymers for Polymeric Nanoparticle Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9892-9902. [PMID: 32391476 PMCID: PMC7203963 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A lignin-graft-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) biopolymer was synthesized with two types of lignin (LGN), alkaline lignin (ALGN) and sodium lignosulfonate (SLGN), at different (A/S)LGN/PLGA ratios (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 w/w). 1H NMR and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the conjugation of PLGA to LGN. The (A/S)LGN-graft-PLGA biopolymers were used to form nanodelivery systems suitable for entrapment and delivery of drugs for disease treatment. The LGN-graft-PLGA NPs were generally small (100-200 nm), increased in size with the amount of PLGA added, monodisperse, and negatively charged (-48 to -60 mV). Small-angle scattering data showed that particles feature a relatively smooth surface and a compact spherical structure with a distinct core and a shell. The core size and shell thickness varied with the LGN/PLGA ratio, and at a 1:6 ratio, the particles deviated from the core-shell structure to a complex internal structure. The newly developed (A/S)LGN-graft-PLGA NPs are proposed as a potential delivery system for applications in biopharmaceutical, food, and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Astete
- Biological
& Agricultural Engineering Department, Louisiana State University and LSU Ag Center, 149 E. B. Doran Bldg., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Judith U. De Mel
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 331 Chemistry
and Materials Bldg, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sudipta Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 331 Chemistry
and Materials Bldg, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - YeRim Noh
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 331 Chemistry
and Materials Bldg, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- A235
NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20988-8562, United States
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 331 Chemistry
and Materials Bldg, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Cristina M. Sabliov
- Biological
& Agricultural Engineering Department, Louisiana State University and LSU Ag Center, 149 E. B. Doran Bldg., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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68
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Khalifa M, Ekbote GS, Anandhan S, Wuzella G, Lammer H, Mahendran AR. Physicochemical characteristics of bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene nanocomposite for piezoresistive strain sensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
| | - Govind S. Ekbote
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Mangalore Karnataka India
| | - Guenter Wuzella
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
| | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompettenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Wood Kplus Altenberger strasse Austria
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69
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Venkata Mohan S, Hemalatha M, Chakraborty D, Chatterjee S, Ranadheer P, Kona R. Algal biorefinery models with self-sustainable closed loop approach: Trends and prospective for blue-bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122128. [PMID: 31563289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae due to its metabolic versatility have received a focal attention in the biorefinery and bioeconomy context. Microalgae products have broad and promising application potential in the domain of renewable fuels/energy, nutraceutical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Biorefining of microalgal biomass in a circular loop with an aim to maximize resource recovery is being considered as one of the sustainable option that will have both economical and environmental viability. The expansive scope of microalgae cultivation with self-sustainability approach was discussed in this communication in the framework of blue-bioeconomy. Microalgae based primary products, cultivation strategies, valorization of microalgae biomass for secondary products and integrated biorefinery models for the production of multi-based products were discussed. The need and prospect of self-sustainable models in closed loop format was also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debkumar Chakraborty
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Palle Ranadheer
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kona
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) Campus, Hyderabad, India
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70
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Synthesis and properties of degradable gels and porous polymers including acetal group in the network structure by addition reaction of multi-functional phenols and divinyl ether compounds. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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71
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol blend doped with Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. extract. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Marotta A, Faggio N, Ambrogi V, Cerruti P, Gentile G, Mija A. Curing Behavior and Properties of Sustainable Furan-Based Epoxy/Anhydride Resins. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3831-3841. [PMID: 31412201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a significant growth in using bioderived materials, driven by the necessity of replacing fossil-derived precursors, reducing the fossil fuel consumption, and lowering the global environmental impact. This is possible thanks to the availability of abundant resources from biomasses and the development of optimized technologies based on the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of new carbohydrate-derived epoxy resins. In particular, 2,5-bis[(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)methyl]furan has been synthesized and cured with methyl nadic anhydride. The effect of different initiators was studied, in order to identify the most efficient curable formulations. A series of resins was then prepared varying the epoxide-anhydride ratios. The results gathered from physicochemical, mechanical, morphological analyses have demonstrated that the produced furan-based thermosets have the potential to be proposed as sustainable alternatives to the traditional, bisphenol A-containing epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marotta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI) , University of Naples Federico II , P. le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Napoli , Italy.,Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 02 , France
| | - Noemi Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI) , University of Naples Federico II , P. le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Napoli , Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI) , University of Naples Federico II , P. le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Napoli , Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) - CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) - CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34 , 80078 Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - Alice Mija
- Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 02 , France
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73
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Yu Z, Xiao Y, Tian H, Liu S, Zeng J, Luo X. Bagasse as functional fillers to improve and control biodegradability of soy oil-based rigid polyurethane foams. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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74
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Bhaumik A, Peterson GI, Kang C, Choi TL. Controlled Living Cascade Polymerization To Make Fully Degradable Sugar-Based Polymers from d-Glucose and d-Galactose. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12207-12211. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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75
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Siracusa V. Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Biopolymers Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061066. [PMID: 31226767 PMCID: PMC6630276 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last ten years, the demand of biodegradable polymers has grown at an annual rate of 20–30%. However, the market share is about less than 0.1% of the total plastic production due to their lower performances, higher price and limited legislative attention in respect to the standard materials. The biodegradability as a functional added property is often not completely perceived from the final consumers. However, the opportunity to use renewable resources and to reduce the dependency from petroleum resources could become an incentive to accelerate their future growth. Renewable raw materials, coming from industrial wastes such as oilseed crops, starch from cereals and potatoes, cellulose from straw and wood, etc., can be converted into chemical intermediates and polymers, in order to substitute fossil fuel feedstock. The introduction of these new products could represent a significant contribution to sustainable development. However, the use of renewable resources and the production of the bioplastics are no longer a guarantee for a minimal environmental impact. The production process as well as their technical performances and their ultimate disposal has to be carefully considered. Bioplastics are generally biodegradable, but the diffusion of the composting technology is a prerequisite for their development. Efforts are required at industry level in order to develop less expensive and high performance products, with minimal environmental impact technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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76
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Rubber Toughening of Polylactic Acid (PLA) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT): Mechanical Properties, Fracture Mechanics and Analysis of Ductile-to-Brittle Behavior while Varying Temperature and Test Speed. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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77
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Influence of Various Climatic Conditions on the Structural Changes of Semicrystalline PLA Spun-Bonded Mulching Nonwovens during Outdoor Composting. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030559. [PMID: 30960543 PMCID: PMC6473370 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the structural changes of semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) in the form of spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, during outdoor composting. The investigation was carried out at the microstructural, supramolecular and molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and the viscosity method, respectively. The obtained experimental results revealed how the popular outdoor composting method, realized under two different European climatic conditions (in Poland and in Bulgaria), affects the degradation of PLA nonwoven, designed for agriculture use. The results showed the insignificant influence of the climatic conditions and prepared compost mixtures on the molecular and micromorphological structure of PLA spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, with a visible increase in crystallinity after the first year of composting. Significant changes were observed only after the second year of composting, which indicates the resistance of semicrystalline PLA to degradation in outdoor composting conditions.
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78
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Paciorek-Sadowska J, Borowicz M, Isbrandt M. New Poly(lactide-urethane-isocyanurate) Foams Based on Bio-Polylactide Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030481. [PMID: 30960465 PMCID: PMC6473226 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the synthesis of a new eco-polyol based on polylactide (PLA) waste and its use for the production of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. The obtained recycling-based polyol was subjected to analytical, physicochemical and spectroscopic tests (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) to confirm its suitability for the synthesis of polyurethane materials. Then, it was used to partially replace petrochemical polyol in polyurethane formulation. The obtained RPU/PIR foams were characterized by lower apparent density, brittleness, and water absorption. In addition, foams modified by eco-polyol had higher flame retardancy, as compared to reference foam. The results of the research show that the use of PLA polyol based on plastic waste may be an alternative to petrochemical polyols. This research matches with the current trends of sustainable development and green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Technical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Borowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Technical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marek Isbrandt
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Technical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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79
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Aliotta L, Gigante V, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Evaluation of Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Bio-Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) with Natural Cellulose Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E960. [PMID: 30813291 PMCID: PMC6413052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy policy and the interest for sustainable material are inducing a constant expansion of the bio-composites market. The opportunity of using natural fibers in bio-based and biodegradable polymeric matrices, derived from industrial and/or agricultural waste, represents a stimulating challenge in the replacement of traditional composites based on fossil sources. The coupling of bioplastics with natural fibers in order to lower costs and promote degradability is one of the primary objectives of research, above all in the packaging and agricultural sectors where large amounts of non-recyclable plastics are generated, inducing a serious problem for plastic disposal and potential accumulation in the environment. Among biopolymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most used compostable, bio-based polymeric matrices, since it exhibits process ability and mechanical properties compatible with a wide range of applications. In this study, two types of cellulosic fibers were processed with PLA in order to obtain bio-composites with different percentages of microfibers (5%, 10%, 20%). The mechanical properties were evaluated (tensile and impact test), and analytical models were applied in order to estimate the adhesion between matrix and fibers and to predict the material's stiffness. Understanding these properties is of particular importance in order to be able to tune and project the final characteristics of bio-composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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80
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Hammiche D, Boukerrou A, Azzeddine B, Guermazi N, Budtova T. Characterization of polylactic acid green composites and its biodegradation in a bacterial environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2019.1567083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Hammiche
- Laboratoire des Matériaux polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie des Procédés, Université Abderrahmane MIRA, Route de Targa-Ouzemmour, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Amar Boukerrou
- Laboratoire des Matériaux polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie des Procédés, Université Abderrahmane MIRA, Route de Targa-Ouzemmour, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Bettache Azzeddine
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université A. Mira-Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Noamen Guermazi
- Laboratoire de Génie des Matériaux et Environnement (LGME), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie de Kasserine, Université de Kairouan, Kasserine, Tunisie
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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81
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Eco-friendly modification of a regenerated cellulose based film by silicon, carbon and N-doped carbon quantum dots. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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82
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NAKAYAMA Y, UNO T, SHIONO T, SHIRAHAMA H. Synthesis and Properties of Stereoblock Copolymers Composed of Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuushou NAKAYAMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Tomohito UNO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Takeshi SHIONO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Hiroyuki SHIRAHAMA
- Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Division, Seiho Engineering Co., Ltd
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83
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Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Gigante V, Aliotta L, Morganti P, Panariello L, Lazzeri A. Chitin Nanofibrils in Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites: Dispersion and Thermo-Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E504. [PMID: 30682847 PMCID: PMC6386964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-nanofibrils are obtained in water suspension at low concentration, as nanoparticles normally are, to avoid their aggregation. The addition of the fibrils in molten PLA during extrusion is thus difficult and disadvantageous. In the present paper, the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is proposed to prepare a solid pre-composite by water evaporation. The pre-composite is then added to PLA in the extruder to obtain transparent nanocomposites. The amount of PEG and chitin nanofibrils was varied in the nanocomposites to compare the reinforcement due to nanofibrils and plasticization due to the presence of PEG, as well as for extrapolating, where possible, the properties of reinforcement due to chitin nanofibrils exclusively. Thermal and morphological properties of nanocomposites were also investigated. This study concluded that chitin nanofibrils, added as reinforcing filler up to 12% by weight, do not properties alter the properties of the PLA based material; hence, this additive can be used in bioplastic items mainly exploiting their intrinsic anti-microbial and skin regenerating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Skin Pharmacology and Dermatology Unit, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy.
- MAVI SUD, Aprilia (LT), 04011 Aprilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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84
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Bobbink FD, van Muyden AP, Dyson PJ. En route to CO2-containing renewable materials: catalytic synthesis of polycarbonates and non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes derived from cyclic carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1360-1373. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The strategies and challenges in the preparation of fully renewable materials prepared from CO2 and biomass enabled by catalysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Bobbink
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Antoine P. van Muyden
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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85
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Wang C, Dai L, Yang Z, Ge C, Li S, He M, Ding L, Xie H. Reinforcement of Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane with Surface Modification of Attapulgite. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1236. [PMID: 30961161 PMCID: PMC6401881 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane/attapulgite (PU/ATT) nanocomposites derived from castor oil were prepared by incorporation of 8 wt % ATT, acid-treated ATT, and KH560-treated ATT. The effects of three ATTs (ATT, acid-ATT, and KH560-ATT) on the comprehensive properties of PU/ATT nanocomposites were systematically investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of 8 wt % of three ATTs could produce an obvious reinforcement on the castor oil-based PU and that the silane modification treatment, rather than the acid treatment, has the more effective reinforcement effect. SEM images revealed the uniform dispersion of ATT in the PU matrix. DMA confirmed that the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of PU/ATT nanocomposites were significantly increased after blending with different ATTs. For PU/KH560-ATT8 nanocomposites, the thermal stability of the PU was obviously enhanced by the addition of KH560-ATT. In particular, 8 wt % KH560-ATT loaded castor oil-based PU nanocomposites exhibit an obvious improvement in tensile strength (255%), Young's modulus (200%), Tg (5.1 °C), the storage modulus at 25 °C (104%), and the initial decomposition temperature (7.7 °C). The prepared bio-based PU materials could be a potential candidate to replace petroleum-based PU products in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
- You Pei College, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Lili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
- You Pei College, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhengrui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
- You Pei College, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Chengcheng Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
- You Pei College, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Shuiping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Meng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Liang Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Hongfeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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86
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Zhao G, Ni H, Jia L, Ren S, Fang G. Quantitative Analysis of Relationship between Hansen Solubility Parameters and Properties of Alkali Lignin/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Blends. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9722-9728. [PMID: 31459101 PMCID: PMC6645273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blends of alkali lignin and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin are physically mixed and injected into the injection molding system. Although the components of the blend are bound together by intermolecular forces, noticeable phase separation still occurs. In the present study, inverse gas chromatography technology was used to characterize the Hansen solubility parameters of alkali lignin/ABS blends. The relationship between the Hansen solubility parameters and thermodynamic properties was then determined. Hansen solubility parameters, at room temperature, of alkali lignin/ABS blends containing 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt % alkali lignin were 17.40, 19.20, 18.98, and 17.37 (J/cm3)0.5, respectively. Hansen solubility parameters of the blends were shown, both experimentally and theoretically, to be related to their mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry
of Education and College of Science, Northeast Forestry
University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Ni
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry
of Education and College of Science, Northeast Forestry
University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry
of Education and College of Science, Northeast Forestry
University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Shixue Ren
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry
of Education and College of Science, Northeast Forestry
University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Guizhen Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry
of Education and College of Science, Northeast Forestry
University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, 150040 Harbin, China
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87
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New bio-polyol based on white mustard seed oil for rigid PUR-PIR foams. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new bio-polyol based on white mustard oil (Synapis alba) and 2,2′-mercaptodiethanol (2,2′-MDE) was obtained. The synthesis was carried out by two-step method. In the first stage, the double bond of the unsaturated fatty acid residues was oxidized, and in the second step the epoxy rings were opened with 2,2’-MDE. The properties of the obtained bio-polyol for application as raw material in polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams (PUR-PIR) - hydroxyl number, acid number, density, viscosity, pH, water content, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR were investigated. Based on the obtained results, foaming formulations containing 0 to 0.6 R of the new bio-polyol were prepared. Significant impact of bio-polyol on apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, flammability, water absorption and thermal conductivity of polyurethane composites were noted. Modified foam had better functional properties than reference foam e.g. lower brittleness, better thermal insulation properties and better fire resistance.
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88
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Hu H, Zhang R, Shi L, Ying WB, Wang J, Zhu J. Modification of Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with Lactic Acid for Biodegradable Copolyesters with Good Mechanical and Barrier Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
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89
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Bio-based polymer networks by thiol-ene photopolymerization of allylated l-glutamic acids and l-tyrosines. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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90
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Łopusiewicz Ł, Jędra F, Mizielińska M. New Poly(lactic acid) Active Packaging Composite Films Incorporated with Fungal Melanin. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E386. [PMID: 30966422 PMCID: PMC6415272 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, fungal melanin was used for the first time to prepare poly(lactic acid)-based composites. The films of various melanin concentrations (0.025%, 0.05% and 0.2% w/w) were prepared using an extrusion method. The mechanical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, water vapor and UV-Vis barrier properties, as well as available polyphenolics on the surface, were studied. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy studies were carried out to analyze the chemical composition of the resulting films. The hydrophobicity, color response, thermal, optical properties, and opacity values were also determined. The results of this study show that the addition of fungal melanin to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a modifier influenced mechanical and water vapor barrier properties depending on melanin concentration. In low concentration, melanin enhanced the mechanical and barrier properties of the modified films, but in larger amounts, the properties were decreased. The UV-Vis barrier properties of PLA/melanin composites were marginally improved. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that crystallinity of PLA increased by the addition of melanin, but this did not affect the thermal stability of the films. Modified PLA/melanin films showed good antioxidant activity and were active against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. The addition of melanin caused changes in color values, decreasing lightness and increasing the redness and yellowness of films. Based on the results of this study, fungal melanin has good potential to be exploited as a value-added modifier that can improve the overall properties of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Filip Jędra
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mizielińska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
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91
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Zhao G, Ni H, Ren S, Fang G. Correlation between Solubility Parameters and Properties of Alkali Lignin/PVA Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E290. [PMID: 30966325 PMCID: PMC6414833 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lignin blending with thermoplastic polymers has been widely studied, the usefulness of the lignin⁻polymer composites is limited by the poor compatibility of the two components. In the present study, alkali lignin/PVA composite membranes were prepared by incorporating 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% alkali lignin into the composites. The thermodynamic parameters of the composites were measured using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Composite membranes with 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% alkali lignin had solubility parameters of 17.51, 18.70, 16.64 and 16.38 (J/cm³)0.5, respectively, indicating that the solubility parameter firstly increased, and then decreased, with increasing proportions of alkali lignin. When the alkali lignin content was 15%, the composites had the largest solubility parameters. The composite membrane with an alkali lignin content of 15% had a tensile strength of 18.86 MPa and a hydrophilic contact angle of 89°. We have shown that the solubility parameters of blends were related to mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the composites and the relationships have been verified experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhao
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Haiyue Ni
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shixue Ren
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guizhen Fang
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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92
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Xiu H, Qi X, Bai H, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Simultaneously improving toughness and UV-resistance of polylactide/titanium dioxide nanocomposites by adding poly(ether)urethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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93
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Siracusa V, Genovese L, Munari A, Lotti N. How Stress Treatments Influence the Performance of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Based Copolymers with Thioether Linkages for Food Packaging Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1009. [PMID: 28867806 PMCID: PMC5615664 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)-based random copolymers containing thioether linkages (P(BSxTDGSy)) of various compositions have been investigated and characterized from the gas barrier, thermal, and mechanical point of view, after food contact simulants or thermal and photoaging processes. Each stress treatment was performed on thin films and the results obtained have been compared to the same untreated film, used as a standard. Barrier properties with different gases (O₂ and CO₂) were evaluated, showing that the polymer chemical composition strongly influenced the permeability behavior. The relationships between the diffusion coefficients (D) and solubility (S) with polymer composition were also investigated. The results highlighted a correlation between polymer chemical structure and treatment. Gas transmission rate (GTR) mainly depending on the performed treatment, as GTR increased with the increase of TDGS co-unit amount. Thermal and mechanical tests allowed for the recording of variations in the degree of crystallinity and in the tensile properties. An increase in the crystallinity degree was recorded after contact with simulant liquids and aging treatments, together with a molecular weight decrease, a slight enhancement of the elastic modulus and a decrement of the elongation at break, proportional to the TDGS co-unit content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania (CT), Italy.
| | - Laura Genovese
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Munari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
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94
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Nakayama Y, Aihara K, Cai Z, Shiono T, Tsutsumi C. Synthesis and Biodegradation of Poly(l-lactide-co-β-propiolactone). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1312. [PMID: 28632154 PMCID: PMC5486133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the copolymerizations of l-lactide (LA) with seven- or six-membered ring lactones have been extensively studied, the copolymerizations of LA with four-membered ring lactones have scarcely been reported. In this work, we studied the copolymerization of LA with β-propiolactone (PL) and the properties of the obtained copolymers. The copolymerization of LA with PL was carried out using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a catalyst and methanol as an initiator to produce poly(LA-co-PL) with Mn of ~50,000 and PL-content of 6-67 mol %. The Tg values of the copolymers were rapidly lowered with increasing PL-contents. The Tm and ΔHm of the copolymers gradually decreased with increasing PL-contents, indicating their decreased crystallinity. Biodegradation test of the copolymers in compost demonstrated their improved biodegradability in comparison with the homopolymer of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushou Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Aihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Zhengguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Chikara Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Niihama National College of Technology, Niihama 792-8580, Japan.
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95
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Sun J, Aly KI, Kuckling D. Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers from vegetable oil based monomers via ozonolysis pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Sun
- Chemistry Department; University of Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn D-33098 Germany
| | - Kamal I. Aly
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science, Assiut University; Polymer Lab. 122 Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Chemistry Department; University of Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn D-33098 Germany
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96
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López de Dicastillo C, Roa K, Garrido L, Pereira A, Galotto MJ. Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol/Starch Electrospun Fibers as a Strategy to Disperse Cellulose Nanocrystals into Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E117. [PMID: 30970812 PMCID: PMC6432082 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, electrospun fibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PV) and starch (ST) were obtained to improve dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) within a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix with the aim of enhancing mechanical and barrier properties. The development and characterization of electrospun fibers with and without CNC, followed by their incorporation in PLA at three concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 3% with respect to CNC) were investigated. Morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of these nanocomposites were studied. The purpose of this study was not only to compare the properties of PLA nanocomposites with CNC embedded into electrospun fibers and nanocomposites with freeze-dried CNC, but also to study the effect of electrospinning process and the incorporation of CNC on the PV and starch properties. SEM micrographs confirmed the homogenous dispersion of fibers through PLA matrix. X-ray analysis revealed that the electrospinning process decreased the crystallinity of PV and starch. The presence of CNC enhanced the thermal stability of electrospun fibers. Electrospun fibers showed an interesting nucleating effect since crystallinity of PLA was strongly increased. Nanocomposites with electrospun fibers containing CNC presented slightly higher flexibility and ductility without decreasing barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karina Roa
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luan Garrido
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Pereira
- Faculty of Physics, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maria Jose Galotto
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
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97
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Seggiani M, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Balestri E, Puccini M, Vitolo S, Lardicci C, Lazzeri A. New Bio-Composites Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Posidonia oceanica Fibres for Applications in a Marine Environment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E326. [PMID: 28772689 PMCID: PMC5506960 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bio-composites based on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and fibres of Posidonia oceanica (PO) were investigated to assess their processability by extrusion, mechanical properties, and potential biodegradability in a natural marine environment. PHAs were successfully compounded with PO fibres up to 20 wt % while, at 30 wt % of fibres, the addition of 10 wt % of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) was necessary to improve their processability. Thermal, rheological, mechanical, and morphological characterizations of the developed composites were conducted and the degradation of composite films in a natural marine habitat was evaluated in a mesocosm by weight loss measure during an incubation period of six months. The addition of PO fibres led to an increase in stiffness of the composites with tensile modulus values about 80% higher for composites with 30 wt % fibre (2.3 GPa) compared to unfilled material (1.24 GPa). Furthermore, the impact energy markedly increased with the addition of the PO fibres, from 1.63 (unfilled material) to 3.8 kJ/m² for the composites with 30 wt % PO. The rate of degradation was markedly influenced by seawater temperature and significantly promoted by the presence of PO fibres leading to the total degradation of the film with 30 wt % PO in less than six months. The obtained results showed that the developed composites can be suitable to manufacture items usable in marine environments, for example, in natural engineering interventions, and represent an interesting valorisation of the PO fibrous wastes accumulated in large amounts on coastal beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
- Institute for the Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Elena Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
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Lee LT, Yang CT. Investigations on Green Blends Comprising Biodegradable Polymer and Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E444. [PMID: 30974721 PMCID: PMC6432002 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The green blends of an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide {[EPrI][TFSI]}, and a biodegradable polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), were investigated in this study. The influence of an ionic liquid on the crystallization behaviors of a biodegradable polymer was explored. In the blends, the presence of [EPrI][TFSI] decreased the Tg and Tm of PHB. Incorporating [EPrI][TFSI] in the blends reduced the degree of crystallinity of PHB, inferring that the [EPrI][TFSI] weakened the crystallization of PHB. It further showed retarded isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization for PHB with the presence of [EPrI][TFSI]. The smaller K and 1/t0.5 estimated by the Avrami equation for the blends indicated that [EPrI][TFSI] weakened the isothermal crystallization of PHB with exhibiting the slower crystallization rate. The present study also discussed non-isothermal crystallization of the blends. We found that the Mo model, which is generally used to discuss the non-isothermal crystallization, adequately described the non-isothermal behaviors of the [EPrI][TFSI]/PHB blends. By increasing the [EPrI][TFSI] content, the rate-related parameter F(T) systematically increased, inferring a decreased crystallization rate of PHB with the addition of [EPrI][TFSI] in the blends. The FTIR results suggested an ion⁻dipole interaction between [EPrI][TFSI] and PHB. This proposes the occurrence of possible complexation between [EPrI][TFSI] and PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ting Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
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