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Pavithra V, Janhavi P, Natasha J, Neelam R, Mrityunjaya M, Selvi MK, Ravindra PV. A blend of cod liver oil and virgin coconut oil improves the endurance performance in mice. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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52
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Lithium produces bi-directionally regulation of mood disturbance, acts synergistically with anti-depressive/-manic agents, and did not deteriorate the cognitive impairment in murine model of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:359. [PMID: 36055984 PMCID: PMC9440114 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is a well-established mood disorder treatment and may be neuroprotective. Bi-directional regulation (i.e. affecting manic symptoms and depressive symptoms) by Li has not been demonstrated. This study explored: (1) bidirectional regulation by Li in murine models of depression, mania, and bipolar disorder (BP); and (2) potential Li synergism with antidepressant/anti-mania agents. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and ketamine-induced mania (KM) models were used. These methods were used in series to produce a BP model. In vivo two-photon imaging was used to visualize Ca2+ activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Depressiveness, mania, and cognitive function were assessed with the forced swim task (FST), open field activity (OFA) task, and novel object recognition task, respectively. In CUMS mice, Ca2+ activity was increased strongly by Li and weakly by lamotrigine (LTG) or valproate (VPA), and LTG co-administration reduced Li and VPA monotherapy effects; depressive immobility in the FST was attenuated by Li or LTG, and attenuated more strongly by LTG-VPA or LTG-Li; novel object exploration was increased strongly by Li and weakly by LTG-Li, and reduced by LTG, VPA, or LTG-VPA. In KM mice, Li or VPA attenuated OFA mania symptoms and normalized Ca2+ activity partially; Li improved cognitive function while VPA exacerbated the KM alteration. These patterns were replicated in the respective BP model phases. Lithium had bi-directional, albeit weak, mood regulation effects and a cognitive supporting effect. Li co-administration with antidepressant/-manic agents enhanced mood-regulatory efficacy while attenuating their cognitive-impairing effects.
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53
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Hasin N, Riggs LM, Shekhtman T, Ashworth J, Lease R, Oshone RT, Humphries EM, Badner JA, Thomson PA, Glahn DC, Craig DW, Edenberg HJ, Gershon ES, McMahon FJ, Nurnberger JI, Zandi PP, Kelsoe JR, Roach JC, Gould TD, Ament SA. Rare variants implicate NMDA receptor signaling and cerebellar gene networks in risk for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3842-3856. [PMID: 35546635 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is an often-severe mental health condition characterized by alternation between extreme mood states of mania and depression. Despite strong heritability and the recent identification of 64 common variant risk loci of small effect, pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we analyzed genome sequences from 41 multiply-affected pedigrees and identified variants in 741 genes with nominally significant linkage or association with bipolar disorder. These 741 genes overlapped known risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders and clustered within gene networks enriched for synaptic and nuclear functions. The top variant in this analysis - prioritized by statistical association, predicted deleteriousness, and network centrality - was a missense variant in the gene encoding D-amino acid oxidase (DAOG131V). Heterologous expression of DAOG131V in human cells resulted in decreased DAO protein abundance and enzymatic activity. In a knock-in mouse model of DAOG131, DaoG130V/+, we similarly found decreased DAO protein abundance in hindbrain regions, as well as enhanced stress susceptibility and blunted behavioral responses to pharmacological inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). RNA sequencing of cerebellar tissue revealed that DaoG130V resulted in decreased expression of two gene networks that are enriched for synaptic functions and for genes expressed, respectively, in Purkinje neurons or granule neurons. These gene networks were also down-regulated in the cerebellum of patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls and were enriched for additional rare variants associated with bipolar disorder risk. These findings implicate dysregulation of NMDAR signaling and of gene expression in cerebellar neurons in bipolar disorder pathophysiology and provide insight into its genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushaba Hasin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Lease
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rediet T Oshone
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Humphries
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pippa A Thomson
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth A Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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54
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Georgiou P, Zanos P, Mou TCM, An X, Gerhard DM, Dryanovski DI, Potter LE, Highland JN, Jenne CE, Stewart BW, Pultorak KJ, Yuan P, Powels CF, Lovett J, Pereira EFR, Clark SM, Tonelli LH, Moaddel R, Zarate CA, Duman RS, Thompson SM, Gould TD. Experimenters' sex modulates mouse behaviors and neural responses to ketamine via corticotropin releasing factor. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1191-1200. [PMID: 36042309 PMCID: PMC10186684 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We show that the sex of human experimenters affects mouse behaviors and responses following administration of the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine and its bioactive metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. Mice showed aversion to the scent of male experimenters, preference for the scent of female experimenters and increased stress susceptibility when handled by male experimenters. This human-male-scent-induced aversion and stress susceptibility was mediated by the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the entorhinal cortex that project to hippocampal area CA1. Exposure to the scent of male experimenters before ketamine administration activated CA1-projecting entorhinal cortex CRF neurons, and activation of this CRF pathway modulated in vivo and in vitro antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. A better understanding of the specific and quantitative contributions of the sex of human experimenters to study outcomes in rodents may improve replicability between studies and, as we have shown, reveal biological and pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polymnia Georgiou
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ta-Chung M Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxian An
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilyan I Dryanovski
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam E Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Graduate Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carleigh E Jenne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent W Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine J Pultorak
- The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris F Powels
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M Clark
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo H Tonelli
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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55
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Fetal Lung Cells Transfer Improves Emphysematous Change in a Mouse Model of Neutrophil Elastase-Induced Lung Emphysema. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3923-3929. [PMID: 36135181 PMCID: PMC9497467 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies for lung regeneration have been reported. However, regenerating the lung tissue by the transfer of any cells directly to the lung has been hardly successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fetal lung cells (FLCs) in a mouse model of lung emphysema. C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with neutrophil elastase (NE) intra-tracheally (i.t.) to generate lung emphysema. To collect fetal lung cells, C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) mice were bred for 14 days. Before delivery, the bred mice were euthanized, and fetal lungs were harvested from the fetal mice and the cells were collected. The FLCs were transferred i.t. 24 h after the NE instillation. Four weeks after the NE instillation, mice were euthanized, and the samples were collected. The mean linear intercept (MLI) was significantly prolonged in the NE instillation group compared to the control group. However, in the FLCs transfer group stimulated with NE, the MLI became shorter than the NE-stimulated group without an FLCs transfer. This result shows that an FLCs transfer inhibited the progression of lung emphysema. Additionally, motility of the mice was also improved by the FLCs transfer. These results indicate that transfer of the FLCs, which were presumed to be progenitor cells for lung tissue, may improve the emphysematous change.
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56
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Adebiyi O, Adigun K, David-Odewumi P, Akindele U, Olayemi F. Gallic and ascorbic acids supplementation alleviate cognitive deficits and neuropathological damage exerted by cadmium chloride in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14426. [PMID: 36002551 PMCID: PMC9402671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly neurotoxic heavy metal that interferes with DNA repair mechanisms via generation of reactive oxygen species. The potentials of polyphenols and antioxidants as effective protective agents following heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity are emerging. We therefore explored the neuroprotective potentials of gallic and ascorbic acids in CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity. Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group A received distilled water, B: 3 mg/kg CdCl2, C: 3 mg/kg CdCl2 + 20 mg/kg gallic acid (GA), D: 3 mg/kg CdCl2 + 10 mg/kg ascorbic acid (AA), E: 20 mg/kg GA and F: 10 mg/kg AA orally for 21 days. Depression, anxiety, locomotion, learning and memory were assessed using a battery of tests. Neuronal structure and myelin expression were assessed with histological staining and immunofluorescence. The Morris Water Maze test revealed significant increase in escape latency in CdCl2 group relative to rats concurrently treated with GA or AA. Similarly, time spent in the target quadrant was reduced significantly in CdCl2 group relative to other groups. Concomitant administration of gallic acid led to significant reduction in the durations of immobility and freezing that were elevated in CdCl2 group during forced swim and open field tests respectively. Furthermore, GA and AA restored myelin integrity and neuronal loss observed in the CdCl2 group. We conclude that gallic and ascorbic acids enhance learning and memory, decrease anxiety and depressive-like behavior in CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity with accompanying myelin-protective ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Kabirat Adigun
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Praise David-Odewumi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uthman Akindele
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Funsho Olayemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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57
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High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus induces a sustained inhibition of serotonergic system via loss of cell phenotype. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14011. [PMID: 35978112 PMCID: PMC9385659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become a standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, in a considerable number of patients debilitating psychiatric side-effects occur. Recent research has revealed that external stimuli can alter the neurotransmitters' homeostasis in neurons, which is known as "neurotransmitter respecification". Herein, we addressed if neurotransmitter respecification could be a mechanism by which DBS suppresses the serotonergic function in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) leading to mood changes. We infused transgenic 5-HT-Cre (ePET-Cre) mice with AAV viruses to achieve targeted expression of eYFP and the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s in the DRN prior to methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. Mice received bilateral DBS electrodes in the STN and an optic fiber in the DRN for calcium photometry. MPTP-treated mice demonstrated behavioral and histological PD phenotype, whereas all STN-DBS animals exhibited an increased immobility time in the forced swim test, reduced calcium activity, and loss of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in the DRN. Given the prominent role of calcium transients in mediating neurotransmitter respecification, these results suggest a loss of serotonergic phenotype in the DRN following STN-DBS. These findings indicate that loss of serotonergic cell phenotype may underlie the unwanted depressive symptoms following STN-DBS.
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58
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Kang JY, Baek DC, Son CG, Lee JS. Succinum extracts inhibit microglial-derived neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991243. [PMID: 36052132 PMCID: PMC9425083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are emerging as important targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The phagocytic microglial phenotype and the resulting neuroinflammation lead to synaptic loss and neuronal cell death. To explore potential candidates that inhibit microglial hyperactivation, we first investigated ten candidate extracts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Among the candidates, Pinus spp. succinum extract (PSE) was superior; thus, we further investigated its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with PSE (10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) attenuated the increases in inflammatory factors (nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α), translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phenotypic transformations (phagocytic and migratory) in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects of PSE on microglia were supported by its regulatory effects on the CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In particular, intragastric administration of PSE (100 mg/kg) considerably improved sickness, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors in mice subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Our results suggest that PSE has strong antineuroinflammatory and antidepressant properties, and the underlying mechanisms may involve not only the regulation of NF-κB translocation but also the normalization of the CX3CR1/Nrf2 pathway.
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59
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Xu G, Zou T, Deng L, Yang G, Guo T, Wang Y, Niu C, Cheng Q, Yang X, Dong J, Zhang J. Nonerythropoietic Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide ARA290 Ameliorates Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896601. [PMID: 36046815 PMCID: PMC9421426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. But the treatment of depression remains challenging. Anti-inflammatory treatments frequently produce antidepressant effects. EPO-derived helix-B peptide ARA290 has been reported to retain the anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective functions of EPO without erythropoiesis-stimulating effects. The effects of ARA290 on MDD remain elusive. This study established chronic unpredictable mild stress and chronic social defeat stress mouse models. Daily administration of ARA290 during chronic stress induction in two mouse models ameliorated depression-like behavior, similar to fluoxetine. With marginal effects on peripheral blood hemoglobin and red cells, ARA290 and fluoxetine reversed chronic stress-induced increased frequencies and/or numbers of CD11b+Ly6Ghi neutrophils and CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes in the bone marrow and meninges. Furthermore, both drugs reversed chronic stress-induced microglia activation. Thus, ARA290 ameliorated chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice through, at least partially, its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Deng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyan Zhang,
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60
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Petković A, Chaudhury D. Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:931964. [PMID: 36004305 PMCID: PMC9395206 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.931964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies over the past two decades have led to extensive advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of depressive and mood disorders. Among these, rodent behavioural models proved to be of highest informative value. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the most popular behavioural models with respect to physiological, circuit, and molecular biological correlates. Behavioural stress paradigms and behavioural tests are assessed in terms of outcomes, strengths, weaknesses, and translational value, especially in the domain of pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Laboratory of Neural Systems and Behaviour, Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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61
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Abdelmeguid NE, Hammad TM, Abdel-Moneim AM, Salam SA. Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Stress-Induced Depression in a Mouse Model: Role of Interleukin-1β and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3464-3475. [PMID: 35939172 PMCID: PMC9546794 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenolic antioxidant in green tea leaves with well-known health-promoting properties. However, the influence of EGCG on a chronic animal model of depression remains to be fully investigated, and the details of the molecular and cellular changes are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of EGCG in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After eight consecutive weeks of CUMS, the mice were treated with EGCG (200 mg/kg b.w.) by oral gavage for two weeks. A forced swimming test (FST) was used to assess depressive symptoms. EGCG administration significantly alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior in mice. EGCG also effectively decreased serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased the mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal CA3 region of CUMS mice. Furthermore, electron microscopic examination of CA3 neurons in CUMS mice showed morphological features of apoptosis, loss or disruption of the myelin sheath, and degenerating synapses. These neuronal injuries were diminished with the administration of EGCG. The treatment effect of EGCG in CUMS-induced behavioral alterations was comparable with that of clomipramine hydrochloride (Anafranil), a tricyclic antidepressant drug. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the antidepressive action of EGCG involves downregulation of serum IL-1β, upregulation of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus, and reduction of CA3 neuronal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Tasneem M Hammad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
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62
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Ebedy YA, Hassanen EI, Hussien AM, Ibrahim MA, Elshazly MO. Neurobehavioral Toxicity Induced by Carbendazim in Rats and the Role of iNOS, Cox-2, and NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1956-1971. [PMID: 35312909 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) is one of the most common fungicides used to fight plant fungal diseases, otherwise, it leaves residue on fruits, vegetables, and soil that contaminate the environment, water, animal, and human causing serious health problems. Several studies have reported the reproductive and endocrine pathological disorders induced by CBZ in several animal models, but little is known about its neurotoxicity. So that, the present study aimed to explain the possible mechanisms of CBZ induced neurotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 15). Group (1) received normal saline and was kept as the negative control group, whereas groups (2, 3, 4) received CBZ at 100, 300, 600 mg/kg b.wt respectively. All rats received the aforementioned materials daily via oral gavage. Brain tissue samples were collected at 7, 14, 28 days from the beginning of the experiment. CBZ induced oxidative stress damage manifested by increasing MDA levels and reducing the levels of TAC, GSH, CAT in some brain areas at 14 and 28 days. There were extensive neuropathological alterations in the cerebrum, hippocampus, and cerebellum with strong caspase-3, iNOS, Cox-2 protein expressions mainly in rats receiving 600 mg/kg CBZ at each time point. Moreover, upregulation of mRNA levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1B genes and downregulation of the transcript levels of both AchE and MAO genes were recorded in all CBZ receiving groups at 14 and 28 days especially those receiving 600 mg/kg CBZ. Our results concluded that CBZ induced dose- and time-dependent neurotoxicity via disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant balance and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. We recommend reducing the uses of CBZ in agricultural and veterinary fields or finding other novel formulations to reduce its toxicity on non-target organisms and enhance its efficacy on the target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Ebedy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Hussien
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M O Elshazly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Bansal Y, Singh R, Sodhi RK, Khare P, Dhingra R, Dhingra N, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A. Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies. Neuropharmacology 2022; 215:109169. [PMID: 35753430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway, a neuroimmunological pathway plays a substantial role in depression. Consistently, increased levels of neurotoxic metabolite of kynurenine pathway; quinolinic acid (QA) found in the suicidal patients and remitted major depressive patients. QA, an endogenous modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is produced by microglial cells, may serve as a potential candidate for a link between antioxidant defence system and immune changes in depression. Further, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (Nrf2), an endogenous antioxidant transcription factor plays a significant role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis during basal and stress conditions. The present study was designed to explore the effects of KMO-inhibition (Kynurenine monooxygenase) and association of reduced QA on Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway activity in olfactory bulbectomized mice (OBX-mice). KMO catalysis the neurotoxic branch of kynurenine pathway directing the synthesis of QA. KMO inhibitionshowed significant reversal of depressive-like behaviour, restored Keap-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression, and associated antioxidant levels in cortex and hippocampus of OBX-mice. KMO inhibition also increased PI3K/AKT mRNA expression in OBX-mice. KMO inhibition and associated reduced QA significantly decreased inflammatory markers, kynurenine and increased the 5-HT, 5-HIAA and tryptophan levels in OBX-mice. Furthermore, molecular docking studies has shown good binding affinity of QA towards ubiquitin proteasome complex and PI3K protein involved in Keap-1 dependent and independent proteasome degradation of Nrf2 respectively supporting our in-vivo findings. Hence, QA might act as pro-oxidant through downregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway along with modulating other pathways and KMO inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Sodhi
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Effects of Chronic LY341495 on Hippocampal mTORC1 Signaling in Mice with Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126416. [PMID: 35742857 PMCID: PMC9224204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In several rodent models, acute administration of the metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor antagonist LY341495 induced antidepressant-like effects via a mechanism of action similar to that of ketamine. However, the effects of chronic mGlu2/3 antagonism have not yet been explored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic LY341495 treatment on the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and the levels of synaptic proteins in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). LY341495 (1 mg/kg) was administered daily for 4 weeks to mice with and without CUS exposure. After the final treatment, the forced swimming test (FST) was used to assess antidepressant-like effects. The hippocampal levels of mTORC1-related proteins were derived by Western blotting. Chronic LY341495 treatment reversed the CUS-induced behavioral effects of FST. CUS significantly reduced the phosphorylation of mTORC1 and downstream effectors [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP-1) and small ribosomal protein 6 (S6)], as well as the expression of synaptic proteins postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 (GluA1) in the hippocampus. However, chronic LY341495 treatment rescued these deficits. Our results suggest that the activation of hippocampal mTORC1 signaling is related to the antidepressant effect of chronic LY341495 treatment in an animal model of CUS-induced depression.
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Tang X, Liu R, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Shi W, Shan Y, Wu S, Li Y, Liu G, Ma W. Downregulation of interleukin-1 beta via Jmjd3 inhibition improves post-myocardial infarction depression. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:340-351. [PMID: 35800354 PMCID: PMC9253170 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) comorbid with the depressive disorder may have increased serum cytokine concentrations, notably, of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) demethylase Jmjd3 is crucial in cytokine regulation, and administering an H3K27 demethylase-selective inhibitor (GSK J4) might ameliorate inflammatory symptoms. We hypothesized that Jmjd3 might regulate IL-1β concentrations, thus affecting the development of post-MI depression (PMD). In this study, a mouse model was created to examine the connection between IL-1β and PMD and determine the regulatory function of cytokine in controlling inflammation and depressive symptoms. METHODS MI was induced in 30 5-week-old male C57BL/6N mice via a left coronary ligation, and MI onset was confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG). After treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or GSK J4 for 14 days, the mice were subjected to tail-suspension tests (TSTs) and forced swimming tests (FSTs) before being sacrificed for tissue harvest. RESULTS In the TSTs, the GSK J4-treated MI mice displayed a significantly shorter immobility time than did the DMSO-treated MI mice (P<0.001). In the FSTs, the DMSO-treated MI mice showed a significantly longer immobility time than did the DMSO-treated sham-operated mice (P<0.001). The GSK J4-treated MI mice had a significantly reduced immobility time compared to the DMSO-treated MI mice (P<0.001). IL-1β expression in the myocardium, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypothalamus increased after MI onset (P=0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, and 0.013, respectively) but decreased after treatment with GSK J4 (P<0.001, P=0.005, P<0.001, P=0.018, respectively). In the myocardium and hypothalamus, Jmjd3 expression levels were lower in mice that received GSK J4 treatment than in those that received DMSO treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS GSK J4 inhibited the cardiac expression of IL-1β and Jmjd3, and alleviated PMD in MI mice. Therefore, IL-1β and Jmjd3 may be critical in the pathogenesis of PMD, and Jmjd3 may potentially serve as a target for PMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian’e Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Ruhui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Shan
- Department of the Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Antidepressant-Like Effect of Traditional Medicinal Plant Carthamus Tinctorius in Mice Model through Neuro-Behavioral Tests and Transcriptomic Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) has become a common life-threatening disorder. Despite the number of studies and the introduced antidepressants, MDD remains a major global health issue. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is traditionally used for food and medical purposes. This study investigated the chemical profile and the antidepressant-like effect of the Carthamus tincto-rius hot water extract in male mice and its mechanism using a transcriptomic analysis. The antidepressant effect of hot water extract (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) was investigated in mice versus the untreated group (saline) and positive control group (fluoxetine 10 mg/kg). Hippocampus transcriptome changes were investigated to understand the Carthamus tinctorius mechanism of action. The GC-MS analysis of Carthamus tinctorius showed that hot water extract yielded the highest amount of oleamide as the most active ingredient. Neuro-behavioral tests demonstrated that the safflower treatment significantly reduced immobility time in TST and FST and improved performance in the YMSAT compared to the control group. RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant differential gene expression pattern in several genes such as Ube2j2, Ncor1, Tuba1c, Grik1, Msmo1, and Casp9 related to MDD regulation in 50 mg/kg safflower treatment as compared to untreated and fluoxetine-treated groups. Our findings demonstrated the antidepressant-like effect of safflower hot water extract and its bioactive ingredient oleamide on mice, validated by a significantly shortened immobility time in TST and FST and an increase in the percentage of spontaneous alternation.
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Moon SH, Kwon Y, Huh YE, Choi HJ. Trehalose ameliorates prodromal non-motor deficits and aberrant protein accumulation in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:417-432. [PMID: 35618982 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose has been recently revealed as an attractive candidate to prevent and modify Parkinson's disease (PD) progression by regulating autophagy; however, studies have only focused on the reduction of motor symptoms rather than the modulation of disease course from prodromal stage. This study aimed to evaluate whether trehalose has a disease-modifying effect at the prodromal stage before the onset of a motor deficit in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice exposed to rotenone. We found significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and motor dysfunction after 2 weeks rotenone treatment. Mice exposed to rotenone for a week showed an accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain and prodromal non-motor deficits, such as depression and olfactory dysfunction, prior to motor deficits. Trehalose significantly improved olfactory dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors and markedly reduced α-synuclein and p62 deposition in the brain. Trehalose further ameliorated motor impairment and loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in rotenone-treated mice. We demonstrated that prodromal non-motor signs in a rotenone-induced PD mouse model are associated with protein aggregate accumulation in the brain and that an autophagy inducer could be valuable to prevent PD progression from prodromal stage by regulating abnormal protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Hee Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Huh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
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Liu HT, Lin YN, Tsai MC, Wu YC, Lee MC. Baicalein Exerts Therapeutic Effects against Endotoxin-Induced Depression-like Behavior in Mice by Decreasing Inflammatory Cytokines and Increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050947. [PMID: 35624812 PMCID: PMC9137772 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. This study aims to elucidate the antidepressant effect of baicalein, an anti-inflammatory component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Scutellaria baicalensis), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, baicalein exhibited antioxidant activity and protected macrophages from LPS-induced damage. The results of the tail suspension test and forced swimming test (tests for despair potential in mice) showed the antidepressant effect of baicalein on LPS-treated mice. It also substantially decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and eotaxin, elicited by LPS in the plasma. Baicalein downregulated NF-κB-p65 and iNOS protein levels in the hippocampus, demonstrated its ability to mitigate neuroinflammation. Additionally, baicalein increased the levels of the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice, and elevated the ratio of mBDNF/proBDNF, which regulates neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Baicalein also promoted the expression of CREB, which plays a role in a variety of signaling pathways. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the administration of baicalein can attenuate LPS-induced depression-like behavior by suppressing neuroinflammation and inflammation induced by the peripheral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Ning Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Chi Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7749-6254; Fax: +886-2-29312904
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Juvenile handling rescues autism-related effects of prenatal exposure to valproic acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7174. [PMID: 35504947 PMCID: PMC9065111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors acting on young animals affect neurodevelopmental trajectories and impact adult brain function and behavior. Psychiatric disorders may be caused or worsen by environmental factors, but early interventions can improve performance. Understanding the possible mechanisms acting upon the developing brain could help identify etiological factors of psychiatric disorders and enable advancement of effective therapies. Research has focused on the long-lasting effects of environmental factors acting during the perinatal period, therefore little is known about the impact of these factors at later ages when neurodevelopmental pathologies such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are usually diagnosed. Here we show that handling mice during the juvenile period can rescue a range of behavioral and cellular effects of prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. VPA-exposed animals show reduced sociability and increased repetitive behaviors, along with other autism-related endophenotypes such as increased immobility in the forced swim test and increased neuronal activity in the piriform cortex (Pir). Our results demonstrate that briefly handling mice every other day between postnatal days 22 and 34 can largely rescue these phenotypes. This effect can also be observed when animals are analyzed across tests using an “autism” factor, which also discriminates between animals with high and low Pir neuron activity. Thus, we identified a juvenile developmental window when environmental factors can determine adult autism-related behavior. In addition, our results have broader implications on behavioral neuroscience, as they highlight the importance of adequate experimental design and control of behavioral experiments involving treating or testing young animals.
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PPARγ Dysfunction in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Mediates High-Fat Diet-Induced Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4030-4043. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M. Neuroprotective Properties of Minocycline Against Methylphenidate-Induced Neurodegeneration: Possible Role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathways in Rat Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:689-713. [PMID: 35446003 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a side effect of methylphenidate (MPH), and minocycline possesses neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of minocycline against methylphenidate-induced neurodegeneration mediated by signaling pathways of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3. Seven groups of seventy male rats were randomly distributed in seven groups (n = 10). Group 1 received 0.7 ml/rat of normal saline (i.p.), and group 2 was treated with MPH (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were simultaneously administered MPH (10 mg/kg) and minocycline (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 days. Minocycline alone (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated to group 7. Open field test (OFT) (on day 22), forced swim test (FST) (on day 24), and elevated plus maze (on day 26) were conducted to analyze the mood-related behaviors; hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic parameters, as well as the levels of protein kinase B (Akt-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were also assessed. Furthermore, localization of total CREB, Akt, and GSK3 in the DG and CA1 areas of the hippocampus were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histological changes in the mentioned areas were also evaluated. Minocycline treatment inhibited MPH-induced mood disorders and decreased lipid peroxidation, oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Bax, and GSK3 levels. In the contrary, it increased the levels of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, CREB, BDNF, and Akt-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the experimental animals' hippocampus. IHC data showed that minocycline also improved the localization and expression of CREB and Akt positive cells and decreased the GSK3 positive cells in the DG and CA1 regions of the hippocampus of MPH-treated rats. Minocycline also inhibited MPH-induced changes of hippocampal cells' density and shape in both DG and CA1 areas of the hippocampus. According to obtained data, it can be concluded that minocycline probably via activation of the P-CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway can confer its neuroprotective effects against MPH-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
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Gu SM, Yu E, Kim YE, Yoon SS, Lee D, Hong JT, Yun J. Peroxiredoxin 6 Overexpression Induces Anxiolytic and Depression-Like Behaviors by Regulating the Serotonergic Pathway in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:334-339. [PMID: 35354689 PMCID: PMC9252885 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase and calcium-independent phospholipase activity. Recently, we reported that PRDX6 plays an important role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, the relationship between PRDX6 function and emotional behavior remains elusive. In the present study, we examined depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic (PRDX6-Tg) mice using the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field paradigm, and elevated plus-maze. PRDX6-Tg mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and low anxiety. In particular, female PRDX6-Tg mice exhibited anxiolytic behavior in the open field test. Furthermore, the serotonin content in the cortex and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitch response were both reduced in PRDX6-Tg mice. Interestingly, levels of dopa decarboxylase expression in the cortex were decreased in male PRDX6-Tg mice but not in female mice. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of PRDX6 in 5-HT synthesis and suggest that PRDX6 overexpression can induce depression-like behaviors via downregulation of the serotonergic neuronal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shoon Yoon
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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Ju L, Yang J, Zhu T, Liu P, Yang J. BDNF-TrkB signaling-mediated upregulation of Narp is involved in the antidepressant-like effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in a chronic restraint stress mouse model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35291971 PMCID: PMC8922900 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have indicated that the ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is a rapid-acting antidepressant drug with limited dissociation properties and low abuse potential. However, its effects and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, we examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and Narp in the antidepressant-like actions of (2R,6R)-HNK in a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to CRS for 8 h per day for 14 consecutive days. Open field, forced swimming, novelty suppressed feeding, and tail suspension tests were performed after administering (2R,6R)-HNK (10 mg/kg), a combination of (2R,6R)-HNK and NBQX (an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg), or a combination of (2R,6R)-HNK and ANA-12 (a TrkB receptor antagonist; 0.5 mg/kg). The mRNA levels of Bdnf and Narp in the hippocampus were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was used to determine the hippocampal protein levels of GluA1, GluA2, BDNF, Narp, PSD95, and synaptophysin, as well as the p-TrkB/TrkB protein ratio. RESULTS (2R,6R)-HNK had rapid antidepressant-like effects in CRS mice. Furthermore, (2R,6R)-HNK significantly ameliorated CRS-induced downregulation of GluA1, GluA2, BDNF, Narp, PSD95, and the p-TrkB/TrkB protein ratio in the hippocampus. The effects of (2R,6R)-HNK were blocked by combinations with NBQX or ANA-12. CONCLUSION BDNF-TrkB signaling-mediated upregulation of Narp in the hippocampus may play a key role in the antidepressant-like effect of (2R,6R)-HNK in the CRS model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsha Ju
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Panmiao Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Chen M, Chen G, Tian H, Dou G, Fang T, Cai Z, Cheng L, Chen S, Chen C, Ping J, Lin X, Chen C, Zhu J, Zhao F, Liu C, Yue W, Song X, Zhuo C. Brain Neural Activity Patterns in an Animal Model of Antidepressant-Induced Manic Episodes. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:771975. [PMID: 35250499 PMCID: PMC8889145 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.771975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (BP), antidepressant-induced mania is usually observed. The rate of phase switching (from depressive to manic) in these patients exceeds 22%. The exploration of brain activity patterns during an antidepressant-induced manic phase may aid the development of strategies to reduce the phase-switching rate. The use of a murine model to explore brain activity patterns in depressive and manic phases can help us to understandthe pathological features of BP. The novel object recognition preference ratio is used to assess cognitive ability in such models. Objective: To investigate brain Ca2+ activity and behavioral expression in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model, to aid understanding of brain activity patterns in phase switching in BP. Methods: In vivo two-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in a murine model in which induce depressive-like and manic-like behaviors were induced sequentially. The immobility time was used to assess depressive-like symptoms and the total distance traveled was used to assess manic-like symptoms. Results: In vivo two-photon imaging revealed significantly reduced brain Ca2+ activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depressive phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress compared with naïve controls. The brain Ca2+ activity correlated negatively with the novel object recognition preference ratio within the immobility time. Significantly increased brain Ca2+ activity was observed in the ketamine-induced manic phase. However, this activity did not correlate with the total distance traveled. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the total distance traveled in the manic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Micro-imaging Center of Psychiatric Disorder, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Center of Psychiatric Animal Model, Institute of Mental Health, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry Medical Center, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangqian Dou
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Langlang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunmian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Micro-imaging Center of Psychiatric Disorder, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo Weihua Yue Xueqin Song
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo Weihua Yue Xueqin Song
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo Weihua Yue Xueqin Song
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Owada R, Mitsui S, Nakamura K. Exogenous polyserine and polyleucine are toxic to recipient cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1685. [PMID: 35102230 PMCID: PMC8803884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of mRNAs/transcripts responsible for polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases may generate peptides containing different mono amino acid tracts such as polyserine (polyS) and polyleucine (polyL). The propagation of aggregated polyQ from one cell to another is also an intriguing feature of polyQ proteins. However, whether the RAN translation-related polyS and polyL have the ability to propagate remains unclear, and if they do, whether the exogenous polyS and polyL exert toxicity on the recipient cells is also not known yet. In the present study, we found that aggregated polyS and polyL peptides spontaneously enter neuron-like cells and astrocytes in vitro. Aggregated polyS led to the degeneration of the differentiated neuron-like cultured cells. Likewise, the two types of aggregates taken up by astrocytes induced aberrant differentiation and cell death in vitro. Furthermore, injection of each of the two types of aggregates into the ventricles of adult mice resulted in their behavioral changes. The polyS-injected mice showed extensive vacuolar degeneration in the brain. Thus, the RAN translation-related proteins containing polyS and polyL have the potential to propagate and the proteins generated by all polyQ diseases might exert universal toxicity in the recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Owada
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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76
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Fluoxetine inhibited the activation of A1 reactive astrocyte in a mouse model of major depressive disorder through astrocytic 5-HT2BR/β-arrestin2 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:23. [PMID: 35093099 PMCID: PMC8800238 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to directly bind with 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR), but the precise mechanisms, whereby fluoxetine confers the anti-depressive actions via 5-HT2BR is not fully understood. Although neuroinflammation-induced A1 astrocytes are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, the role of A1 astrocyte in the pathogenesis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear.
Methods
Mice were subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS) for 6 weeks and subsequently treated with fluoxetine for 4 weeks. The depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors and the activation of A1 reactive astrocyte in hippocampus and cortex of mice were measured. Primary astrocytes were stimulated with A1 cocktail (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α and C1q), activated (LPS) microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) or IL-6 for 24 h and the expression of A1-special and A2-special markers were determined using RT-qPCR and western blot. The role of 5-HT2BR in the effects of fluoxetine on A1 reactive astrocyte was measured using 5-HT2BR inhibitor and siRNA in vitro and AAVs in vivo. The functions of downstream signaling Gq protein and β-arrestins in the effects of fluoxetine on the activation of A1 astrocyte were determined using pharmacological inhibitor and genetic knockout, respectively.
Results
In this study, we found that fluoxetine inhibited the activation of A1 reactive astrocyte and reduced the abnormal behaviors in CMS mice, as well as ameliorated A1 astrocyte reactivity under three different stimulators in primary astrocytes. We also showed that astrocytic 5-HT2BR was required in the inhibitory effects of fluoxetine on A1 reactive astrocyte in MDD in vivo and in vitro. We further found that the functions of fluoxetine in the activation of A1 astrocyte were independent of either Gq protein or β-arrestin1 in vitro. β-arrestin2 pathway was the downstream signaling of astrocytic 5-HT2BR mediated the inhibitory effects of fluoxetine on A1 astrocyte reactivity in primary astrocytes and CMS mice, as well as the improved roles of fluoxetine in behavioral impairments of CMS mice.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that fluoxetine restricts reactive A1 astrocyte via astrocytic 5-HT2BR/β-arrestin2 pathway in a mouse model of MDD and provide a novel therapeutic avenue for MDD.
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Qi M, Liu R, Li B, Wang S, Fan R, Zhao X, Xu D. Behavioral Effect of Terahertz Waves in C57BL/6 Mice. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:79. [PMID: 35200340 PMCID: PMC8869163 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz is a new radiation source with many unique advantages. In recent years, its application has rapidly expanded to various fields, but there are few studies on the individual effects of terahertz. In this study, we investigated the behavioral effects of terahertz radiation on C57BL/6 mice, and we conducted an open field test, an elevated plus maze test, a light-dark box test, a three-chamber social test, and a forced swim test to explore the effects of terahertz radiation on mice from a behavioral perspective. The results show that terahertz wave may increase anti-anxiety, anti-depression, and social interaction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Runze Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dehui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (R.L.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (R.F.); (X.Z.)
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78
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Bouguiyoud N, Roullet F, Bronchti G, Frasnelli J, Al Aïn S. Anxiety and Depression Assessments in a Mouse Model of Congenital Blindness. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:807434. [PMID: 35126047 PMCID: PMC8816321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.807434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that visual impairment can affect the quality of life leading to mental health disorders. This study aimed to investigate associations between vision impairment, depression and anxiety using a mouse model of congenital blindness. We phenotyped 15 anophthalmic and 17 sighted adult mice in a battery of tests for anxiety and depression-like behaviors: open field test, elevated plus maze, coated test, splash test, and forced swim test. We found that: (1) Anxiety levels of the anophthalmic mice were significantly lower when compared with sighted mice, (2) Anophthalmic mice displayed more exploratory behaviors in a new environment than the sighted one, and (3) Depression levels between those groups were similar. In conclusion, this behavioral study showed that early visual deprivation lowers anxiety levels, associated with heightened exploratory activity, but does not induce depressive symptoms in a mouse model of congenital blindness, underlying several behavioral adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhaila Bouguiyoud
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement (CogNAC) Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Roullet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles Bronchti
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement (CogNAC) Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Syrina Al Aïn
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement (CogNAC) Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Syrina Al Aïn
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79
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Pantoni MM, Kim JL, Van Alstyne KR, Anagnostaras SG. MDMA and memory, addiction, and depression: dose-effect analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:935-949. [PMID: 35179622 PMCID: PMC8891111 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE ±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreational drug that shows substantial promise as a psychotherapeutic agent. Still, there is some concern regarding its behavioral toxicity, and its dose-effect relationship is poorly understood. We previously explored the role of dose in the cognitive effects of MDMA in a systematic review of existing literature and found no evidence in animals that MDMA impairs memory at low doses (< 3 mg/kg) but mixed results at high doses (≥ 3 mg/kg). Since this review comprised mostly of single-dose studies and an assortment of methodologies, an empirical dose-ranging study on this topic is warranted. OBJECTIVES The current study aims to evaluate the conclusion from our systematic review that 3 mg/kg may be the threshold for MDMA-induced amnesia, and to further understand the dose-effect relationship of MDMA on behavioral assays of memory, addiction, and depression. METHODS We systematically examined the effects of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg MDMA on Pavlovian fear conditioning; behavioral sensitization, conditioned place preference, and conditioned responding; and the Porsolt forced swim test in mice. RESULTS High doses of MDMA (≥ 3 mg/kg) produced amnesia of fear conditioning memory, some evidence of an addictive potential, and antidepressant effects, while low doses of MDMA (≤ 1 mg/kg) had no effect on these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The present dose-ranging study provides further evidence that 3 mg/kg is the threshold for MDMA-induced amnesia. These findings, in addition to our systematic review, demonstrate that careful selection of MDMA dose is critical. High doses (≥ 3 mg/kg) should likely be avoided due to evidence that they can produce amnesia and addiction. Conversely, there is little evidence to suggest that low doses, which are usually administered in clinical studies (approximately 1-2 mg/kg), will lead to these same adverse effects. Ultra-low doses (< 1 mg/kg) are likely even safer and should be investigated for therapeutic effects in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. Pantoni
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Translational Psychedelic Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, CA San Francisco, USA
| | - Jinah L. Kim
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Van Alstyne
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Stephan G. Anagnostaras
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Program in Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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80
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Nashed MG, Waye S, Hasan SMN, Nguyen D, Wiseman M, Zhang J, Lau H, Dinesh OC, Raymond R, Greig IR, Bambico FR, Nobrega JN. Antidepressant activity of pharmacological and genetic deactivation of the small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel subtype-3. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:253-266. [PMID: 34982171 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The voltage-insensitive, small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel is a key regulator of neuronal depolarization and is implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. OBJECTIVE We ascertained whether the SK channel is impaired in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model and whether it can serve as a molecular target of antidepressant action. METHODS We assessed the depressive-like behavioral phenotype of CUS-exposed rats and performed post-mortem SK channel binding and activity-dependent zif268 mRNA analyses on their brains. To begin an assessment of SK channel subtypes involved, we examined the effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the SK3 channel using conditional knockout mice and selective SK3 channel negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). RESULTS We found that [125I]apamin binding to SK channels is increased in the prefrontal cortex and decreased in the hippocampus, an effect that was associated with reciprocal levels of zif268 mRNA transcripts indicating abnormal regional cell activity in this model. We found that genetic and pharmacological manipulations significantly decreased immobility in the forced swim test without altering general locomotor activity, a hallmark of antidepressant-like activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings link depression-related neural and behavioral pathophysiology with abnormal SK channel functioning and suggest that this can be reversed by the selective inhibition of SK3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina G Nashed
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shannon Waye
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Diana Nguyen
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Micaela Wiseman
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jing Zhang
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Harry Lau
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - O Chandani Dinesh
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Roger Raymond
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Iain R Greig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Center, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Mohibullah, Pirzada AS, Aschner M, Khan H. Anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of extracts of Duchesnea Indica in animal models. PHYTONUTRIENTS (KARACHI, PAKISTAN) 2022; 1:48-56. [PMID: 36649439 PMCID: PMC9840006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
THIS study was designed to investigate the anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Duchesnea Indica. The methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of plant were tested in albino mice (20-30 g of 6-8 week). Safety profile of each extract was determined at different doses. Anxiolytic effect of plant was determined by Elevated Plus Maze and Light and Dark Model at different doses of methanolic and n-hexane extract. Antidepressant activities were assisted by Tail Suspension and Forced Swim Model at different doses. Result illustrated that D. Indica had a significant (P < 0.05) potential of reducing anxiety and depression. The methanolic extract at 100 mg and 200 mg significantly increased the time spend in light region of light and dark model and more time spent in open arm of Elevated Plus Maze model. n-hexane extract at dose of 5 mg and 10 mg/kg significantly increases the time spend in light region of Light and dark model and more time spend in open arm of Elevated Plus Maze model as compare to Control group. Methanolic extract of D. Indica significantly reduced the time of immobility in Tail Suspension and Force Swim Model at Dose of 100 mg and 200mg/kg. n-hexane extract also exhibit anti-depressant effect by reducing the time of immobility in Force swim and tail suspension Model at 100 mg and 200mg/kg dose as compare to control group. From the above observations, it could be assumed that the plant has marked anxiolytic and antidepressant potential. However further additional studies will be necessary to determine the underlying exact mechanism and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohibullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Saboor Pirzada
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan-23200, Pakistan.,Correspondence:
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Effect of Sensory Deprivation of Nasal Respiratory on Behavior of C57BL/6J Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121626. [PMID: 34942927 PMCID: PMC8699203 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal breathing is a dynamic cortical organizer involved in various behaviors and states, such as locomotion, exploration, memory, emotion, introspection. However, the effect of sensory deprivation of nasal respiratory breath (NRD) on behavior remain poorly understood. Herein, general locomotor activity, emotion, learning and memory, social interaction, and mechanical pain were evaluated using a zinc sulfate nasal irrigation induced nasal respiratory sensory deprivation animal model (ZnSO4-induced mouse model). In the open field test, the elevated O-maze test, and forced swim test, NRD mice exhibited depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. In memory-associated tests, NRD mice showed cognitive impairments in the hippocampal-dependent memory (Y maze, object recognition task, and contextual fear conditioning (CFC)) and amygdala-dependent memory (the tone-cued fear conditioning test (TFC)). Surprisingly, NRD mice did not display deficits in the acquisition of conditional fear in both CFC and TFC tests. Still, they showed significant memory retrieval impairment in TFC and enhanced memory retrieval in CFC. At the same time, in the social novelty test using a three-chamber setting, NRD mice showed impaired social and social novelty behavior. Lastly, in the von Frey filaments test, we found that the pain sensitivity of NRD mice was reduced. In conclusion, this NRD mouse model showed a variety of behavioral phenotypic changes, which could offer an important insight into the behavioral impacts of patients with anosmia or those with an impaired olfactory bulb (OB) (e.g., in COVID-19, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.).
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McDonald BZ, Gee CC, Kievit FM. The Nanotheranostic Researcher’s Guide for Use of Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021; 2:224-268. [PMID: 35655793 PMCID: PMC9159501 DOI: 10.3390/jnt2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated global cost of USD 400 billion annually. Both clinical and preclinical behavioral outcomes associated with TBI are heterogeneous in nature and influenced by the mechanism and frequency of injury. Previous literature has investigated this relationship through the development of animal models and behavioral tasks. However, recent advancements in these methods may provide insight into the translation of therapeutics into a clinical setting. In this review, we characterize various animal models and behavioral tasks to provide guidelines for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of treatment options in TBI. We provide a brief review into the systems utilized in TBI classification and provide comparisons to the animal models that have been developed. In addition, we discuss the role of behavioral tasks in evaluating outcomes associated with TBI. Our goal is to provide those in the nanotheranostic field a guide for selecting an adequate TBI animal model and behavioral task for assessment of outcomes to increase research in this field.
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Yang Y, Wu Y, Xu P, Guo F, Guo F, Yang B. Nyctinastic herbs decoction improves para-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia by regulating the expression level of neurotransmitters. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34790730 PMCID: PMC8576665 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background As traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), nyctinastic herbs have been used in treating insomnia in China since ancient times according to its similar circadian rhythm as human beings. However, the pharmacodynamic characteristics and mechanism of these herbs have not been explored in depth. Methods In the study, we chose He Huan Pi (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.), Ye Jiao Teng (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), Bai He (Lilium brownie F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker), and Lianzi (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) to form a TCM compound decoction [nyctinastic herb decoction (NHD)] and to investigate its sedative and hypnotic effect on para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia rodents by pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PIST), behavior test [including locomotor activity (LMA), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST)] and electroencephalograph (EEG). The expression of neurotransmitters were detected to explain the possible mechanism of NHD. Results NHD was found to have good sedative effects on reducing the moving distance, prolonging sleep time, improving the sleep quality and depression status. NHD attenuated the insomniac effect of PCPA by increasing the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and reducing the level of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh) in the hypothalamus. Conclusions The findings of the present study confirmed the sedative and hypnotic effect of NHD, and clarified its possible mechanism from neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqin Xu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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85
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Boehler NA, Fung SW, Hegazi S, Cheng AH, Cheng HYM. Sox2 Ablation in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Perturbs Anxiety- and Depressive-like Behaviors. Neurol Int 2021; 13:541-554. [PMID: 34842772 PMCID: PMC8628992 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders negatively impact the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide every year, yet the precise molecular mechanisms by which they manifest remain elusive. Circadian dysregulation is one avenue by which mood disorders are thought to arise. SOX2 is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian master clock, and has been recently found to be an important regulator of Per2, a core component of the molecular clock. Genetic ablation of the Sox2 gene in GABAergic neurons selectively impacts SCN neurons, as they are one of very few, if not the only, GABAergic populations that express Sox2. Here, we show that GABAergic-restricted ablation of Sox2 results in anxio-depressive-like phenotypes in mice as observed in the elevated plus maze, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. We further observe a reduction in basal and/or forced swim-induced c-Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, in the nucleus incertus, arcuate nucleus, and dentate gyrus of Sox2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Given the restricted disruption of SOX2 expression in the SCN of Sox2 cKO mice, we propose that their mood-associated phenotypes are the consequence of a dysregulated central clock that is unable to communicate appropriately timed signals to other brain nuclei that regulate affective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Boehler
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Samuel W. Fung
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
| | - Sara Hegazi
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Arthur H. Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (N.A.B.); (S.W.F.); (S.H.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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86
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de Rysky E, Roberta B, Andrea C, Daniele C. Measuring athletic performance in post-metamorphic fire salamanders. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:399. [PMID: 34702356 PMCID: PMC8549336 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Athletic performances are dynamic movements that are physically challenging and often predict individual success in ecological contexts. They stem from a complex integration of multiple phenotypic traits-e.g., morphological, physiological and behavioural-that dictate animal survival and individual fitness. However, directly quantifying athletic performances can be particularly challenging in cryptic, slow-moving species or not very reactive in attitude. Here we present and describe a rapid, simple, and low-cost method to measure athletic performance in post-metamorphic individuals of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra. While extremely reactive during the larval stage, adult salamanders are, in fact, cryptic and relatively slow-moving. RESULTS Forcing terrestrial juveniles to swim under standard, albeit ecologically plausible, laboratory conditions, and using an automatic point-mass tracking tool, we were able to measure maximal and average performance indicators of post-metamorphic individuals. This method avoids inter-individual variation in motivation, as it forces individuals to perform at their best. Moreover, with this method, measures of athletic performance will be directly comparable between larval and terrestrial stages, allowing to study the contribution of carryover effects to the wide range of processes implicated in the eco-evo-devo of athletic performance in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica de Rysky
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bisconti Roberta
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Chiocchio Andrea
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Canestrelli Daniele
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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87
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Carloni S, Bertocchi A, Mancinelli S, Bellini M, Erreni M, Borreca A, Braga D, Giugliano S, Mozzarelli AM, Manganaro D, Fernandez Perez D, Colombo F, Di Sabatino A, Pasini D, Penna G, Matteoli M, Lodato S, Rescigno M. Identification of a choroid plexus vascular barrier closing during intestinal inflammation. Science 2021; 374:439-448. [PMID: 34672740 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carloni
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bertocchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mancinelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bellini
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Borreca
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, c/o Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Braga
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro M Mozzarelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Manganaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Fernandez Perez
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, c/o Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Lodato
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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88
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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate depression by regulating Jmjd3 and microglia polarization in myocardial infarction mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2973-2984. [PMID: 34374805 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microglia regulate the inflammation of the central nervous system and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Moreover, Jmjd3 is involved in microglia polarization. Mounting studies reported the beneficial effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on myocardial infarction (MI), Unfortunately, its effects on MI-induced depression and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of HUC-MSCs and their impacts on microglia polarization. METHODS In the current study, the MI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice were injected with HUC-MSCs or PBS through the tail vein 1week after the surgery. The sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swim test (FST) were performed to evaluate depression-like behavior. Cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis were evaluated at the end of the experiments. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the levels of Jmjd3 and microglia-related markers and inflammatory factors. RESULTS HUC-MSC treatment significantly improved cardiac function, reduced the area of myocardial fibrosis, and alleviated depression-like behaviors induced by MI. HUC-MSCs inhibited the expression of Jmjd3 and promoted the switch of microglia in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus from M1 to M2, thereby decreased the level of pro-inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION HUC-MSCs have cardioprotective and potential anti-depressive effects induced by MI related to the inflammation improved by regulating Jmjd3 and microglial polarization.
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89
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Dopaminergic Receptors as Neuroimmune Mediators in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5971-5985. [PMID: 34432265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. Previous studies have associated imbalances in the dopaminergic system to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we examined the protein levels of dopaminergic receptors (D1R and D2R) in different phases of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We also investigated if the treatment with pramipexole (PPX)-a dopamine D2/D3 receptor-preferring agonist-would be able to prevent EAE-induced motor and mood dysfunction, as well as its underlying mechanisms of action. We report that D2R immunocontent is upregulated in the spinal cord of EAE mice 14 days post-induction. Moreover, D1R and D2R immunocontents in lymph nodes and the oxidative damage in the spinal cord and striatum of EAE animals were significantly increased during the chronic phase. Also, during the pre-symptomatic phase, axonal damage in the spinal cord of EAE mice could already be found. Surprisingly, therapeutic treatment with PPX failed to inhibit the progression of EAE. Of note, PPX treatment inhibited EAE-induced depressive-like while failed to inhibit anhedonic-like behaviors. We observed that PPX treatment downregulated IL-1β levels and increased BNDF content in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Herein, we show that a D2/D3 receptor-preferred agonist mitigated EAE-induced depressive-like behavior, which could serve as a new possibility for further clinical trials on treating depressive symptoms in MS patients. Thus, we infer that D2R participates in the crosstalk between CNS and immune system during autoimmune and neuroinflammatory response induced by EAE, mainly in the acute and chronic phase of the disease.
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90
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He F, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Qi G, Cai H, Li T, Li M, Lu J, Lin J, Ming J, Tian B. Dopaminergic Projection from Ventral Tegmental Area to Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Mediates Chronic Social Defeat Stress-Induced Hypolocomotion. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5635-5648. [PMID: 34382160 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous human clinical studies have suggested that decreased locomotor activity is a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as other psychiatric diseases. In MDD, the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are closely related to regulate the information processing of reward, motivation, cognition, and aversion. However, the neural circuit mechanism that underlie the relationship between VTA-DA neurons and MDD-related motor impairments, especially hypolocomotion, is still largely unknown. Herein, we investigate how the VTA-DA neurons contribute to the hypolocomotion performance in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a mouse model of depression-relevant neurobehavioral states. The results show that CSDS could affect the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice, but not the grip strength and forced locomotor ability. Chemogenetic activation of VTA-DA neurons alleviated CSDS-induced hypolocomotion. Subsequently, quantitative whole-brain mapping revealed decreased projections from VTA-DA neurons to substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) after CSDS treatment. Optogenetic activation of dopaminergic projection from VTA to SNr with the stimulation of phasic firing, but not tonic firing, could significantly increase the locomotor activity of mice. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of VTA-SNr dopaminergic circuit in CSDS mice could also rescued the decline of locomotor activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the VTA-SNr dopaminergic projection mediates CSDS-induced hypolocomotion, which provides a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxia Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaen Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technolog, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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91
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Edwards J, Olson B, Marks DL. Constructing and programming a cost-effective murine running wheel with digital revolution counter. Lab Anim (NY) 2021; 50:202-204. [PMID: 34145438 PMCID: PMC10998480 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-021-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary wheel running is a valuable metabolic intervention and well-established measure of physical activity in preclinical rodent models. Herein, we describe detailed assembly instructions and provide necessary resources for researchers to build their own running wheels from commercial-off-the-shelf parts and an open-source program at approximately a tenth of the cost of commercially-available options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Edwards
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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92
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Role of Quercetin in Depressive-Like Behaviors: Findings from Animal Models. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressive-like behavior is a highly prevalent worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder that owns a complex pathophysiologic mechanism. The available pharmacotherapy is ineffective for most patients and shown several adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to find efficacy and safe antidepressive compounds. Some phytochemicals compounds regulate the same genes and pathways targeted by drugs; therefore, diets rich in fruits and vegetables could be considered novel treatment approaches. Currently, the functional properties of quercetin acquired great interest, due to its beneficial effects on health. Quercetin is a flavonoid ubiquitously present in vegetables and fruits, interestingly for its strong antioxidant properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical studies present in the literature, in the last ten years, aimed at illustrating the effects of quercetin pre-treatment in depressive-like behaviors. Quercetin resulted in antidepressant-like actions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This pointed out the usefulness of this flavonoid as a nutraceutical compound against the development of psychological stress-induced behavioral perturbation. Therefore, quercetin or a diet containing it may become a prospective supplementation or an efficient adjuvant therapy for preventing stress-mediated depressive-like behavior.
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93
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Antidepressant-Like Properties of Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070505. [PMID: 34357977 PMCID: PMC8310221 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s patients often suffer from depression and anxiety, for which there are no optimal treatments. Hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats were used to test whether intrastriatal Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) application could also have antidepressant-like properties in addition to the known improvement of motor performance. To quantify depression- and anxiety-like behavior, the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test were applied to hemi-PD rats injected with BoNT-A or vehicle. Furthermore, we correlated the results in the forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test with the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine and amphetamine. Hemi-PD rats did not show significant anxiety-like behavior as compared with Sham 6-OHDA- + Sham BoNT-A-injected as well as with non-injected rats. However, hemi-PD rats demonstrated increased depression-like behaviors compared with Sham- or non-injected rats; this was seen by increased struggling frequency and increased immobility frequency. Hemi-PD rats intrastriatally injected with BoNT-A exhibited reduced depression-like behavior compared with the respective vehicle-receiving hemi-PD animals. The significant effects of intrastriatally applied BoNT-A seen in the forced swim test are reminiscent of those found after various antidepressant drug therapies. Our data correspond with the efficacy of BoNT-A treatment of glabellar frown lines in treating patients with major depression and suggest that also intrastriatal injected BoNT-A may have some antidepressant-like effect on hemi-PD.
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94
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Lactobacillus plantarum Reduces Low-Grade Inflammation and Glucose Levels in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress and Diabetes. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0061520. [PMID: 34001561 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00615-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, a lactic acid bacteria strain isolated from kimchi, on the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exacerbated by chronic stress. C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) and randomized into an HFD group or a group that was fed an HFD and subjected to chronic cold exposure-related stress (HFDS), or mice were fed a normal diet (ND) and randomized into an ND group or a group that was fed an ND and subjected to chronic cold exposure-related stress (NDS). Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5310 (108, 1010 CFU) and LRCC5314 (108, 1010 CFU) as well as L. gasseri BNR17 (108 CFU), as a positive control, were administered orally twice every day to all the mice for 12 weeks. The expression of Glut4 and adiponectin, main glucose transporter-related genes, was upregulated in the LRCC5310- and LRCC5314-treated groups. Levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and of mRNAs of proinflammatory genes (Tnf-α, Il-6, Ccl2, leptin) were elevated in HFDS mice. The expression of proinflammatory genes was downregulated in LRCC5310- and LRCC5314-treated groups; this was not the case for Tnf-α expression in HFDS mice. Levels of serum corticosterone and mRNA levels of stress-related genes (Npy, Y2r) were decreased in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fed groups, with only LRCC5314 downregulating Npy expression in HFDS mice. These results suggest that the LAB strains can normalize the expression of metabolic genes, inhibit inflammatory responses, and suppress stress in HFDS mice.
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95
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Karimani A, Ramezani N, Afkhami Goli A, Nazem Shirazi MH, Nourani H, Jafari AM. Subchronic neurotoxicity of diazinon in albino mice: Impact of oxidative stress, AChE activity, and gene expression disturbances in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus on mood, spatial learning, and memory function. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1280-1288. [PMID: 34277358 PMCID: PMC8261896 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) with prominent neurotoxic effects perturbs CNS function via multiple mechanisms. This investigation intends to explore mood, spatial learning, and memory dysfunction, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and neurodegeneration-related gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus regions of mice exposed to DZN for 63 consecutive days (subchronic exposure). Adult male albino mice were orally given sublethal DZN (DZNL = 0.1 mg/kg, DZNM = 1 mg/kg and DZNH = 10 mg/kg). All mice in the DZNH group died within 3 weeks postexposure. DZNL and DZNM caused body and brain weight loss (p < 0.05). Completing 9 weeks of DZN exposure, a marked decline in AChE activity and oxidative stress level was indicated in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Also, synaptophysin, vesicular acetylcholine transferase, and glutamate decarboxylase gene expressions were affected in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the present study revealed that DZN administration increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors (p < 0.0001). Spatial learning and short- and long-memory were severely affected by DZNL and DZNM treatments (p < 0.0001). Taken together, subchronic exposure to low and medium doses of DZN can cause AChE inhibition, oxidative damage, and neurotransmitter disturbances in brain cells and induce neurodegeneration. These changes would impair mood, spatial learning, and memory function.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholine esterase
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- Ach, acetylcholine
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CX, cerebral cortex
- Cerebral cortex
- DZN, diazinon
- DZO, diazoxon
- Diazinon
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- FST, forced swim test
- GABA, ϒ-aminobutyric acid
- GAD65, glutamate decarboxylase 65
- HP, hippocampus
- Hippocampus
- LD50, lethal dose 50
- MB, marble burying test
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MWM, Morris water maze test
- Memory
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- Ops, organophosphates
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SYP, synaptophysin
- Spatial learning
- VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transferase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Karimani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ramezani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Afkhami Goli
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Nourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Moghaddam Jafari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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96
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Shi X, Bai H, Wang J, Wang J, Huang L, He M, Zheng X, Duan Z, Chen D, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J. Behavioral Assessment of Sensory, Motor, Emotion, and Cognition in Rodent Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:667511. [PMID: 34220676 PMCID: PMC8248664 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.667511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and has one of the highest fatality rates of any disease. There are many clinical signs and symptoms after ICH due to brain cell injury and network disruption resulted from the rupture of a tiny artery and activation of inflammatory cells, such as motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and emotional disturbance, etc. Thus, researchers have established many tests to evaluate behavioral changes in rodent ICH models, in order to achieve a better understanding and thus improvements in the prognosis for the clinical treatment of stroke. This review summarizes existing protocols that have been applied to assess neurologic function outcomes in the rodent ICH models such as pain, motor, cognition, and emotion tests. Pain tests include mechanical, hot, and cold pain tests; motor tests include the following 12 types: neurologic deficit scale test, staircase test, rotarod test, cylinder test, grid walk test, forelimb placing test, wire hanging test, modified neurologic severity score, beam walking test, horizontal ladder test, and adhesive removal test; learning and memory tests include Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test; emotion tests include elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test, and forced swim test. This review discusses these assessments by examining their rationale, setup, duration, baseline, procedures as well as comparing their pros and cons, thus guiding researchers to select the most appropriate behavioral tests for preclinical ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Zhengzhou University Hospital Outpatient Surgery Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Keieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meimei He
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zitian Duan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School, Dumfries, VA, United States
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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97
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Chae S, Hong J, Kang K, Shin A, Kim DG, Lee S, Kim MY, Jung I, Kim D. Molecular laterality encodes stress susceptibility in the medial prefrontal cortex. Mol Brain 2021; 14:92. [PMID: 34127022 PMCID: PMC8201740 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization of the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in stress and emotional disorders, yet underlying gene expression changes remains unknown. Here, we report molecular signatures lateralized by chronic social defeats between the two medial prefrontal cortices (mPFCs). Stressed mice show 526 asymmetrically expressed genes between the mPFCs. This cortical asymmetry selectively occurs in stressed mice with depressed social activity, but not in resilient mice with normal behavior. We have isolated highly asymmetric genes including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a molecule that modulates wound healing at the periphery. Knockdown of CTGF gene in the right mPFC by shRNA led to a stress-resistant behavioral phenotype. Overexpression of CTGF in the right mPFC using viral transduction induces social avoidance while the left mPFC thereof prevent stress-induced social avoidance. Our study provides a molecular window into the mechanism of stress-induced socioemotional disorders, which can pave the way for new interventions by targeting cortical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Chae
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jiso Hong
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Anna Shin
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Gun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sinjeong Lee
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Moo-Young Kim
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
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98
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Borba LA, Broseghini LDR, Manosso LM, de Moura AB, Botelho MEM, Arent CO, Behenck JP, Hilsendeger A, Kammer LH, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Réus GZ. Environmental enrichment improves lifelong persistent behavioral and epigenetic changes induced by early-life stress. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:107-116. [PMID: 33848966 PMCID: PMC10494235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) in Wistar rats subjected to maternal deprivation (MD). MD was performed in the first post-natal days (PND) ten for 3 h/day. The groups were: control; deprived without EE; and deprived with EE. The EE was applied for 3 h/day. Forced swimming test (FST) and open field test were performed, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus were evaluated on 31, 41, and 61 PND. MD altered spontaneous locomotor activity and immobility time in FST, but the effects were sex- and developmental period dependent. In deprived females at PND 31, 41, and 61, HDAC and DNMT increased in the PFC and hippocampus. In females exposed to EE for 20 days, there was a decrease of HDAC in the hippocampus and DNMT in the PFC and hippocampus. Exposure of females to EE for 40 days can reverse HDAC and DNMT increase in all brain areas. In deprived males at PND 31, 41, and 61, HDAC and DNMT increased in the hippocampus, and in the group exposed to EE for 40 days, there was a decrease in hippocampal activity. In PFC of male deprived rats at PND 61 and EE for 40 days, there was a reduction of HDAC and DNMT. MD induced lifelong persistent behavioral and epigenetic changes, and such effects were more evident in female than male rats. EE can be considered an essential non-pharmacological strategy to treat long-term trauma-induced early life changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lia D R Broseghini
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda M Botelho
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Behenck
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Hilsendeger
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Letícia H Kammer
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
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99
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Estacio SM, Thursby MM, Simms NC, Orozco VA, Wu JP, Miawotoe AA, Worth WW, Capeloto CB, Yamashita K, Tewahade KR, Saxton KB. Food insecurity in older female mice affects food consumption, coping behaviors, and memory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250585. [PMID: 33914807 PMCID: PMC8084178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity correlates with poor physical and mental health in older individuals, but has not been studied in a laboratory animal model. This explorative study developed a laboratory mouse model for analyzing the impact of food insecurity on food consumption, stress coping mechanisms, exploratory behavior, and memory. 18-month-old CD-1 female mice were assigned to either the food insecurity exposure condition (31 mice, 8 cages) or the control condition (34 mice, 8 cages) by cage. Over four weeks, the mice that were exposed to food insecurity received varied, unpredictable portions of their baseline food consumption (50%, 75%, 125%, 150% of baseline) for four days, followed by ad libitum access for three days, to approximate the inconsistent access to food observed in households experiencing food insecurity. Behavioral tasks were conducted before and after food insecurity exposure. Mice in the food insecurity exposure condition ate less compared to control mice during food insecurity (two-way ANOVA: group x time interaction: F7,93 = 10.95, P < 0.01) but ate more when given access to high fat food (two-way ANOVA, group x time interaction: F1,14 = 11.14, P < 0.01). Mice exposed to food insecurity increased active escaping behaviors in the forced swim test (repeated measures two-way ANOVA, group x time interaction: F1,63 = 5.40, P = 0.023). Exploratory behaviors were unaffected by food insecurity. Mice exposed to food insecurity showed a reduction in memory (repeated measures two-way ANOVA, group x time interaction: F1,61 = 4.81, P = 0.037). These results suggest that exposure to food insecurity is associated with differences in food consumption patterns, active coping mechanisms, and memory. The behavioral changes associated with food insecurity may inform research on food insecurity's impact on health in elderly humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Estacio
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Madalyn M. Thursby
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Noel C. Simms
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa A. Orozco
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica P. Wu
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Miawotoe
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Whitney W. Worth
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Claire B. Capeloto
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Kyla Yamashita
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Kayla R. Tewahade
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine B. Saxton
- Public Health Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
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100
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Wickramasekara RN, Robertson B, Hulen J, Hallgren J, Stessman HAF. Differential effects by sex with Kmt5b loss. Autism Res 2021; 14:1554-1571. [PMID: 33871180 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lysine methyl transferase 5B (KMT5B) has been recently highlighted as a risk gene in genetic studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), specifically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID); yet, its role in the brain is not known. The goal of this work was to neurodevelopmentally characterize the effect(s) of KMT5B haploinsufficiency using a mouse model. A Kmt5b gene-trap mouse line was obtained from the Knockout Mouse Project. Wild type (WT) and heterozygous (HET) mice were subjected to a comprehensive neurodevelopmental test battery to assess reflexes, motor behavior, learning/memory, social behavior, repetitive movement, and common ASD comorbidities (obsessive compulsion, depression, and anxiety). Given the strong sex bias observed in the ASD patient population, we tested both a male and female cohort of animals and compared differences between genotypes and sexes. HET mice were significantly smaller than WT littermates starting at postnatal day 10 through young adulthood which was correlated with smaller brain size (i.e., microcephaly). This was more severe in males than females. HET male neonates also had delayed eye opening and significantly weaker reflexes than WT littermates. In young adults, significant differences between genotypes relative to anxiety, depression, fear, and extinction learning were observed. Interestingly, several sexually dimorphic differences were noted including increased repetitive grooming behavior in HET females and an increased latency to hot plate response in HET females versus a decreased latency in HET males. LAY SUMMARY: Lysine methyl transferase 5B (KMT5B) has been recently highlighted as a risk gene in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), specifically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID); yet its role in the brain is not known. Our study indicates that mice lacking one genomic copy of Kmt5b show deficits in neonatal reflexes, sociability, repetitive stress-induced grooming, changes in thermal pain sensing, decreased depression and anxiety, increased fear, slower extinction learning, and lower body weight, length, and brain size. Furthermore, several outcomes differed by sex, perhaps mirroring the sex bias in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle N Wickramasekara
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brynn Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jason Hulen
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jodi Hallgren
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Holly A F Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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