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Quan Y, Li L, Dong L, Wang S, Jiang X, Zhang T, Jin P, Fan J, Mao S, Fan X, Gong Y, Wang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits aggregation of pulmonary fibrosis associated mutant surfactant protein A2 via a proteasomal degradation pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nguyen T, Payan B, Zambrano A, Du Y, Bondesson M, Mohan C. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses neutrophil migration speed in a transgenic zebrafish model accompanied by reduced inflammatory mediators. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:231-239. [PMID: 31695470 PMCID: PMC6718250 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s224834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyphenol catechins from green tea, particularly (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), exhibits numerous beneficial health effects, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In this study, the mechanism of EGCG-mediated healing in an experimentally injured zebrafish model was examined at the cellular and molecular level using confocal microscopy and gene expression analysis. Results The mechanisms of action of EGCG were shown to involve: (1) reducing neutrophil response (accumulation, travel speed, and distance) and (2) downregulating the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, and related signaling pathways. As determined by dynamic time-lapse tracking studies, the local accumulation of neutrophils with high migration speeds after wounding (n=33 cells, v=0.020 μm/s, d=37.8 μm), underwent significant reduction following treatment with EGCG doses of 300 μM (n=22 cells, v=0.013 μm/s, d=39.5 μm) and 600 μM (n=18 cells, v=0.008 μm/s, d=9.53 μm). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that several signature genes in the IL-1β, TNFα, and related signaling pathways were downregulated after EGCG treatment. Conclusion The convenience, transparency, and simplicity of the zebrafish model facilitate tracking of fluorescent neutrophils in real time, in order to monitor inflammation, and assess the impact of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Brittany Payan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Amarayca Zambrano
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Lewicka A, Szymański Ł, Rusiecka K, Kucza A, Jakubczyk A, Zdanowski R, Lewicki S. Supplementation of Plants with Immunomodulatory Properties during Pregnancy and Lactation-Maternal and Offspring Health Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081958. [PMID: 31434310 PMCID: PMC6723993 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A pregnant woman’s diet consists of many products, such as fruits, vegetables, cocoa, tea, chocolate, coffee, herbal and fruit teas, and various commercially available dietary supplements, which contain a high number of biological active plant-derived compounds. Generally, these compounds play beneficial roles in women’s health and the development of fetus health. There are, however, some authors who report that consuming excessive amounts of plants that contain high concentrations of polyphenols may negatively affect the development of the fetus and the offspring’s health. Important and problematic issues during pregnancy and lactation are bacterial infections treatment. In the treatment are proposals to use plant immunomodulators, which are generally considered safe for women and their offspring. Additional consumption of biologically active compounds from plants, however, may increase the risk of occurrences to irreversible changes in the offspring’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out safety tests for immunomodulators before introducing them into a maternal diet. Here, we present data from animal experiments for the four most-studied plants immunomodulators genus: Rhodiola, Echinacea, Panax, and Camellia, which were used in maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Rusiecka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kucza
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
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Lombó M, González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Herráez MP. Cardiogenesis impairment promoted by bisphenol A exposure is successfully counteracted by epigallocatechin gallate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:1008-1019. [PMID: 31126002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the emerging contaminant bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous and associated with cardiovascular disorders. BPA effect as endocrine disruptor is widely known but other mechanisms underlying heart disease, such as epigenetic modifications, remain still unclear. A compound of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may act both as anti-estrogen and as inhibitor of some epigenetic enzymes. The aims of this study were to analyze the molecular processes related to BPA impairment of heart development and to prove the potential ability of EGCG to neutralize the toxic effects caused by BPA on cardiac health. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 2000 and 4000 μg/L BPA and treated with 50 and 100 μM EGCG. Heart malformations were assessed at histological level and by confocal imaging. Expression of genes involved in cardiac development, estrogen receptors and epigenetic enzymes was analyzed by qPCR whereas epigenetic modifications were evaluated by whole mount immunostaining. BPA embryonic exposure led to changes in cardiac phenotype, induced an overexpression of hand2, a crucial factor for cardiomyocyte differentiation, increased the expression of estrogen receptor (esr2b), promoted an overexpression of a histone acetyltransferase (kat6a) and also caused an increase in histone acetylation, both mechanisms being able to act in sinergy. EGCG treatment neutralized all the molecular alterations caused by BPA, allowing the embryos to go on with a proper heart development. Both molecular mechanisms of BPA action (estrogenic and epigenetic) likely lying behind cardiogenesis impairment were successfully counteracted by EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Rojo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Díez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain
| | - María Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
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Chakraborty K, Dey A, Bhattacharyya A, Dasgupta SC. Anti-fibrotic effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) extract in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M, Meydani SN. Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3160. [PMID: 30697214 PMCID: PMC6340979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune functions including improving defense function and thus resistance to infection, while maintaining tolerance. This review will examine the data representing the research on prominent intervention agents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), micronutrients (zinc, vitamins D and E), and functional foods including probiotics and tea components for their immunological effects, working mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Many of these nutritive and non-nutritive food components are related in their functions to maintain or improve immune function including inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, promotion of anti-inflammatory functions, modulation of cell-mediated immunity, alteration of antigen-presenting cell functions, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both animal and human studies present promising findings suggesting a clinical benefit of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA, and green tea catechin EGCG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, and probiotics in reduction of infection. However, many studies report divergent and discrepant results/conclusions due to various factors. Chief among them, and thus call for attention, includes more standardized trial designs, better characterized populations, greater consideration for the intervention doses used, and more meaningful outcome measurements chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Munyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Tsuda Y, Yamanaka K, Toyoshima R, Ueda M, Masuda T, Misumi Y, Ogura T, Ando Y. Development of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human transthyretin as a model for drug screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17884. [PMID: 30552363 PMCID: PMC6294829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a hereditary systemic amyloidosis caused by a mutation in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Amyloid deposits in tissues of patients contain not only full-length TTR but also C-terminal TTR fragments. However, in vivo models to evaluate the pathogenicity of TTR fragments have not yet been developed. Here, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing several types of TTR fragments or full-length TTR fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein in the body wall muscle cells and analyzed the phenotypes of the worms. The transgenic strain expressing residues 81-127 of TTR, which included the β-strands F and H, formed aggregates and caused defective worm motility and a significantly shortened lifespan compared with other strains. These findings suggest that the C-terminal fragments of TTR may contribute to cytotoxicity of TTR amyloidosis in vivo. By using this C. elegans model system, we found that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a major polyphenol in green tea, significantly inhibited the formation of aggregates, the defective motility, and the shortened lifespan caused by residues 81-127 of TTR. These results suggest that our newly developed C. elegans model system will be useful for in vivo pathological analyses of TTR amyloidosis as well as drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimoto Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Risa Toyoshima
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Teruaki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yohei Misumi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Teru Ogura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Yaribeygi H, Simental‐Mendía LE, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of plant‐derived natural products on renal complications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12161-12172. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Chu KO, Chan KP, Chan SO, Ng TK, Jhanji V, Wang CC, Pang CP. Metabolomics of Green-Tea Catechins on Vascular-Endothelial-Growth-Factor-Stimulated Human-Endothelial-Cell Survival. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12866-12875. [PMID: 30406651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization causes serious oculopathy related to upregulation of vascular-endothelial-growth factor (VEGF) causing new capillary growth via endothelial cells. Green-tea-extract (GTE) constituents possess antiangiogenesis properties. We used VEGF to induce human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and applied GTE, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and mixtures of different compositions of purified catechins (M1 and M2) to evaluate their efficacies of inhibition and their underlying mechanisms using cell-cycle analysis and untargeted metabolomics techniques. GTE, EGCG, M1, and M2 induced HUVEC apoptosis by 22.1 ± 2, 20.0 ± 0.7, 50.7 ± 8.5, and 69.8 ± 4.1%, respectively. GTE exerted a broad, balanced metabolomics spectrum, involving suppression of the biosynthesis of cellular building blocks and oxidative-phosphorylation metabolites as well as promotion of the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and growth factors. M2 mainly induced mechanisms associated with energy and biosynthesis suppression. Therefore, GTE exerted mechanisms involving both promotion and suppression activities, whereas purified catechins induced extensive apoptosis. GTE could be a more promising antineovascularization remedy for ocular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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Influence of acute ingestion and regular intake of green tea catechins on resting oxidative stress biomarkers assays in a paralleled randomized controlled crossover supplementation study in healthy men. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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61
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Paradoxical cardiotoxicity of intraperitoneally-injected epigallocatechin gallate preparation in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7880. [PMID: 29777127 PMCID: PMC5959847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and bioavailability studies addressed epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) beneficial effects; however, our previous work revealed EGCG-induced nephrotoxicity in the presence of diabetes. In this study, the potential myocardial toxicity of EGCG preparation (100 mg/kg/day, IP; 4 days) in diabetic mice injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg, IP) was investigated. Diabetic mice receiving EGCG preparation showed electrocardiographic changes in addition to elevation of both serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin-I levels accompanied by microscopic myocardial damage. Additionally, myocardial NADPH oxidase, lipid peroxides and nitrotyrosine were increased in the vicinity of decreases of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, hemeoxygenase-1, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and reductase and heat shock protein 90. Moreover, in diabetic mice, EGCG preparation increased myocardial nuclear factor-kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in addition to pronounced overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and active caspase-3. Therefore, this study substantiates that EGCG-mediated deterioration compromises diabetes-induced cardiotoxicity to solidify our previous report for its potential nephrotoxicity in the same experimental setting.
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The Potential Health Benefits of Noni Juice: A Review of Human Intervention Studies. Foods 2018; 7:foods7040058. [PMID: 29641454 PMCID: PMC5920423 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Noni juice is a globally popular health beverage originating in the tropics. Traditional Tahitian healers believe the noni plant to be useful for a wide range of maladies, and noni juice consumers throughout the world have similar perceptions. Nevertheless, human clinical trials are necessary for a precise understanding of what the health benefits of noni juice are. A review of published human intervention studies suggests that noni juice may provide protection against tobacco smoke-induced DNA damage, blood lipid and homocysteine elevation as well as systemic inflammation. Human intervention studies also indicate that noni juice may improve joint health, increase physical endurance, increase immune activity, inhibit glycation of proteins, aid weight management, help maintain bone health in women, help maintain normal blood pressure, and improve gum health. Further, these studies point to notable antioxidant activity in noni juice, more so than other fruit juices which served as trial placebos. It is this antioxidant effect and its interaction with the immune system and inflammation pathways that may account for many of the observed health benefits of noni juice. However, the existing evidence does have some limitations as far as its general application to noni juice products; all the peer-reviewed human interventions studies to date have involved only one source of French Polynesian noni juice. Geographical factors and variations in processing methods are known to produce commercial noni juice products with divergent phytochemical and nutrient compositions. Therefore, other sources of noni products may have different toxicological and pharmacological profiles.
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63
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Dhatwalia SK, Kumar M, Dhawan DK. Role of EGCG in Containing the Progression of Lung Tumorigenesis - A Multistage Targeting Approach. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:334-349. [PMID: 29570987 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1445762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prominent form among various types of cancers, irrespective of the sex worldwide. Treatment of lung cancer involves the intensive phase of chemotherapy/radiotherapy which is associated with high rate of adverse events. There is a need of safe and reliable treatment/adjunctive therapy to apprehend the cancer by reducing the undesirable outcome of primary therapy. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a potent antioxidant and anticancer compound extracted from the plant camellia sinensis has proved to be a novel agent to control or reduce lung tumorigenesis by affecting the signaling molecules of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic pathways. In vitro studies have revealed that EGCG can contain carcinogenesis by altering the molecules involved in multiple signal transduction pathways like ERK, VEGF, COX2, NEAT, Ras-GTPase, and kinases. The animal studies have also demonstrated effectiveness of EGCG by inhibiting various molecular pathways which include AKT, NFkB, MAPK, Bcl/Bax, DNMT1, and HIF-1α. Various attempts have been made to see the adjunctive role of EGCG in human lung cancer. Phase I/II clinical studies have recommended that EGCG is quite safe and effective in providing protection against cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of EGCG and its molecular mechanisms in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devinder K Dhawan
- a Department of Biophysics , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India.,c Nuclear Medicine, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Angiogenesis modulation by exogenous antioxidants. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:370-376. [PMID: 29472815 PMCID: PMC5820975 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.72804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-operation of the endogenous and exogenous defense system maintains redox homeostasis and is essential for health. The endogenous defense system includes enzymatic (e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase) and non-enzymatic, low molecular-weight scavengers (e.g. glutathione, ascorbic acid). Pathogenesis of many serious diseases (e.g. cancer, ischemic heart disease) includes oxidative stress which can disturb angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels sprouting from the existing one. Antioxidants, through reduction of oxidative stress and influence on neovascularization, may modulate progress and results of therapy in those diseases where such processes play an important role. Herein the impact of exogenous antioxidants on angiogenesis and factors modulating this process is presented. Most synthetic antioxidants whose activity has been described (namely N-acetylcysteine, pentoxifylline, synthetic analogue of curcumin, synthetic analogue of epigallocatechin-3 gallate [EGCG], tripertenoids) exert an inhibitory effect on neovascularization. A similar effect was also exhibited by several natural origin antioxidants (e.g. resveratrol, EGCG), which suggests that their application in therapy might normalize excessive angiogenesis. Some natural origin antioxidants e.g. purple coneflower and preparations consisting of natural antioxidants such as Padma 28 and Immunal forte increase a too low baseline level of angiogenesis and decreases a too high level. These preparations exert a regulatory effect on and may normalize neovascularization. They can be used in the case of diseases associated with too low or too high angiogenesis.
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Latief U, Ahmad R. Herbal remedies for liver fibrosis: A review on the mode of action of fifty herbs. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:352-360. [PMID: 29992106 PMCID: PMC6035307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological condition which can be slowed down in its initial phases. Without proper clinical management of fibrosis, progressive liver damage may lead to cirrhosis and ultimately to liver failure or primary liver cancer, which are irreversible conditions. Therefore, in order to cure fibrotic damage to liver, its early stages should be the centre of attention. In this context, some supplements and ‘complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)’ deserve specific mention, because of their already recognized natural way of healing and long lasting curative effects. Moreover, CAM display negligible side effects and hence it is gaining worldwide importance in clinical practices. In particular, herbal medicines are now replacing synthetic pharmaceuticals and looked upon as the sources of novel bioactive substances. To develop satisfactory herbal combinations for treating liver fibrosis, phytoproducts need to be systematically evaluated for their potency as anti-fibrotic, anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidant agents. More importantly, the identified herb/agent should have the remarkable tendency to stimulate hepatocytes regeneration. The present review is a systematic account of at least fifty medicinal herbs and their products which in experimental models have demonstrated antifibrotic activity and thus, most likely candidates to offer therapeutic protection to liver. Nevertheless, much additional work is still needed to explore molecular pathways to discover potential applications of these medicines so as to open up new vistas in biomedical research.
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Hepatotoxicity of Herbal Supplements Mediated by Modulation of Cytochrome P450. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112353. [PMID: 29117101 PMCID: PMC5713322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal supplements are a significant source of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), herb-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes metabolize a large number of FDA-approved pharmaceuticals and herbal supplements. This metabolism of pharmaceuticals and supplements can be augmented by concomitant use of either pharmaceuticals or supplements. The xenobiotic receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) can respond to xenobiotics by increasing the expression of a large number of genes that are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including CYP450s. Conversely, but not exclusively, many xenobiotics can inhibit the activity of CYP450s. Induction of the expression or inhibition of the activity of CYP450s can result in DDIs and toxicity. Currently, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration does not require the investigation of the interactions of herbal supplements and CYP450s. This review provides a summary of herbal supplements that inhibit CYP450s, induce the expression of CYP450s, and/or whose toxicity is mediated by CYP450s.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by promoting mitofusin-2-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ding ML, Ma H, Man YG, Lv HY. Protective effects of a green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis involve regulation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways in neonatal mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1396-1405. [PMID: 28679060 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effects of EGCG against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal mice. Distinct groups of C57BL/6 mice were given EGCG (25, 50, or 75 mg/kg body weight) from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P21 and were subjected to sevoflurane (3%; 6 h) exposure on P7. EGCG significantly inhibited sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis as determined by Fluoro-Jade B staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, downregulated Bad and Bax, and significantly enhanced Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, xIAP, c-IAP-1, and survivin expression were observed. EGCG induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway as evidenced by increased Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β, and mTORc1 levels. Sevoflurane-mediated downregulation of cAMP/CREB and BDNF/TrkB signalling was inhibited by EGCG. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels upon EGCG administration. Improved performance of mice in Morris water maze tests suggested enhanced learning and memory. The study indicates that EGCG was able to effectively inhibit sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and improve learning and memory retention of mice via activation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB-PI3K/Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Ding
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hui Ma
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Yi-Gang Man
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lv
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
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Chen J, Li Y, Zhu Q, Li T, Lu H, Wei N, Huang Y, Shi R, Ma X, Wang X, Sheng J. Anti-skin-aging effect of epigallocatechin gallate by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor pathway on aging mouse model induced by d-Galactose. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:1-7. [PMID: 28343910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) is a monomer separated from tea catechins, as an well-known antioxidant, which helps fight wrinkles and rejuvenate skin cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of EGCG, and to clarify underlying mechanism of skin aging in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Forty-five male mice were divided into 5 groups and treated with different dose of EGCG, Vitamin C (VitC) to mice as a positive control. All groups except vehicle were established aging model induced by d-galactose (200mg/kg/day) that was subcutaneously injected to mice for 8 weeks. Two weeks after injection of d-galactose, EGCG and Vit C groups were simultaneously administered once a day by subcutaneously inject after 5h for injecting d-galactose. The results show that EGCG can be absorbed by the skin. Overall, the conditions of the skin of EGCG-treatment groups were improved, the whole structure of skin were better than control groups, and the levels of oxidative stress and the expression of relate with EGFR proteins were significantly higher than control group after EGCG treatment. All these findings suggest that EGCG can resist skin senility effectively. And the EGFR with relate of downstream proteins are implicated in the skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
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Mombaini E, Jafarirad S, Husain D, Haghighizadeh MH, Padfar P. The Impact of Green Tea Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices and Inflammatory Cytokines in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Phytother Res 2017; 31:747-754. [PMID: 28244612 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of a green tea supplement on anthropometric indices and inflammatory factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this randomized clinical trial, 45 women with PCOS were randomly allocated into two groups receiving green tea tablets or placebo. The period of intervention was 45 days. The serum levels of interleukin 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured before and after intervention period using the related kits. Anthropometric indices also were measured. The mean of body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and body fat percentage in the green tea group were reduced significantly. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Also, there was no significant effect on the levels of inflammatory factors. The present results suggest that daily consumption of green tea tablets did not cause any effect on inflammation biomarkers in PCOS women. However, it may be effective as a complementary treatment for weight control in these women. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Mombaini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Durdana Husain
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Parivash Padfar
- Ganjavian Hospital, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Westphal S, McGeary A, Rudloff S, Wilke A, Penack O. The Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate Ameliorates Graft-versus-Host Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169630. [PMID: 28103249 PMCID: PMC5245838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a standard treatment for leukemia and other hematologic malignancies. The major complication of allo-HSCT is graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), a progressive inflammatory illness characterized by donor immune cells attacking the organs of the recipient. Current GVHD prevention and treatment strategies use immune suppressive drugs and/or anti-T cell reagents these can lead to increased risk of infections and tumor relapse. Recent research demonstrated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a component found in green tea leaves at a level of 25–35% at dry weight, may be useful in the inhibition of GVHD due to its immune modulatory, anti-oxidative and anti-angiogenic capacities. In murine allo-HSCT recipients treated with EGCG, we found significantly reduced GVHD scores, reduced target organ GVHD and improved survival. EGCG treated allo-HSCT recipients had significantly higher numbers of regulatory T cells in GVHD target organs and in the blood. Furthermore, EGCG treatment resulted in diminished oxidative stress indicated by significant changes of glutathione blood levels as well as glutathione peroxidase in the colon. In summary, our study provides novel evidence demonstrating that EGCG ameliorates lethal GVHD and reduces GVHD-related target organ damage. Possible mechanisms are increased regulatory T cell numbers and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Westphal
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleixandria McGeary
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Rudloff
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Wilke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nephro-toxic effects of intraperitoneally injected EGCG in diabetic mice: involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40617. [PMID: 28098182 PMCID: PMC5241811 DOI: 10.1038/srep40617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been studied for its beneficial effects. However, some case reports have associated EGCG supplementation with hepato-toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the possible nephro-toxic effects of EGCG in diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (150 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected in mice for diabetes induction. EGCG (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was then given for 4 days. The administration of EGCG to diabetic mice caused 60% mortality with no death recorded in other groups. Blood samples were collected for estimation of serum cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and blood urea nitrogen. Animals were then sacrificed and kidneys were rapidly excised for estimation of oxidative stress markers (NADPH oxidase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heat shock protein 90, hemeoxygenase-1), as well as inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa-B and tumor necrosis factor-α). Administration of EGCG to diabetic mice showed significant elevation in serum cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, marked increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory states in addition to marked over expression of active caspase-3. Histopathological examination confirmed EGCG induced renal damage in diabetic mice. In conclusion, despite of its well known favorable effects, EGCG could paradoxically exhibit nephro-toxic effect in the presence of diabetes.
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Singhal K, Raj N, Gupta K, Singh S. Probable benefits of green tea with genetic implications. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:107-114. [PMID: 28479696 PMCID: PMC5406788 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is produced from the Camellia sinensis plant and can generally be divided into categories based on how they are processed. In general, green tea that is unfermented C. sinensis has been considered superior to black tea in health benefits. It contains a unique set of catechins that possess biological activity as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative, which is potentially significant to the prevention and treatment of various forms of diseases. Oral cavity oxidative stress and inflammation, consequent cigarettes due to nicotine and acrolein, may be reduced in the presence of green tea polyphenols. In addition, green tea polyphenols can close down halitosis through modification of odorant sulfur components. Usually, green tea defends healthy cells from malignant transformation and locally has the ability to induce apoptosis in oral cancer cells. In unison, there is an increasing implication in the health benefits of green tea in the field of oral health. This review will cover recent findings on the therapeutic properties and anticancer health benefits of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singhal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Career Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neerja Raj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Career Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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Chang CY, Wang MC, Miyagawa T, Chen ZY, Lin FH, Chen KH, Liu GS, Tseng CL. Preparation of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-modified biopolymeric nanoparticles containing epigalloccatechin-3-gallate for targeting vascular endothelial cells to inhibit corneal neovascularization. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:279-294. [PMID: 28115846 PMCID: PMC5221810 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization (NV) of the cornea can disrupt visual function, causing ocular diseases, including blindness. Therefore, treatment of corneal NV has a high public health impact. Epigalloccatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), presenting antiangiogenesis effects, was chosen as an inhibitor to treat human vascular endothelial cells for corneal NV treatment. An arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide–hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated complex coating on the gelatin/EGCG self-assembly nanoparticles (GEH-RGD NPs) was synthesized for targeting the αvβ3 integrin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in this study, and a corneal NV mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of this nanomedicine used as eyedrops. HA-RGD conjugation via COOH and amine groups was confirmed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The average diameter of GEH-RGD NPs was 168.87±22.5 nm with positive charge (19.7±2 mV), with an EGCG-loading efficiency up to 95%. Images of GEH-RGD NPs acquired from transmission electron microscopy showed a spherical shape and shell structure of about 200 nm. A slow-release pattern was observed in the nanoformulation at about 30% after 30 hours. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed that GEH-RGD NPs specifically bound to the integrin αvβ3. In vitro cell-viability assay showed that GEH-RGD efficiently inhibited HUVEC proliferation at low EGCG concentrations (20 μg/mL) when compared with EGCG or non-RGD-modified NPs. Furthermore, GEH-RGD NPs significantly inhibited HUVEC migration down to 58%, lasting for 24 hours. In the corneal NV mouse model, fewer and thinner vessels were observed in the alkali-burned cornea after treatment with GEH-RGD NP eyedrops. Overall, this study indicates that GEH-RGD NPs were successfully developed and synthesized as an inhibitor of vascular endothelial cells with specific targeting capacity. Moreover, they can be used in eyedrops to inhibit angiogenesis in corneal NV mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan
| | - Ming-Chen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University
| | - Ko-Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Inhibition of pro-/active MMP-2 by green tea catechins and prediction of their interaction by molecular docking studies. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:111-122. [PMID: 28013477 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in developing different types of lung diseases, e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Green tea polyphenolic catechins such as EGCG and ECG have been shown to ameliorate various types of diseases including PAH. Our present study revealed that among the four green tea catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC, and EGC), EGCG and ECG inhibit pro-/active MMP-2 activities in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) culture supernatant. Based on the above, we investigated the interactions of pro-/active MMP-2 with the green tea catechins by computational methods. In silico analysis revealed a strong interaction of pro-/active MMP-2 with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for this interaction. The in silico analysis corroborated our experimental observation that EGCG and ECG are active in preventing both the proMMP-2 and MMP-2 activities. Importantly, these two catechins appeared to be better inhibitors for proMMP-2 in comparison to MMP-2 as revealed by gelatin zymogram and also by molecular docking studies. In many type of cells, activation of proMMP-2 occurs via an increase in the level of MT1-MMP (MMP-14). We, therefore, determined the interactions of MT1-MMP with the green tea catechins by molecular docking analysis. The study revealed a strong interaction of MT1-MMP with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for the interaction.
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Su J, Wang X, Song W, Bai X, Li C. Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of water extracts from Pu-erh tea on rats with high-fat diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Seo EJ, Wu CF, Ali Z, Wang YH, Khan SI, Walker LA, Khan IA, Efferth T. Both Phenolic and Non-phenolic Green Tea Fractions Inhibit Migration of Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 28194107 PMCID: PMC5278262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea consumption is associated with chemoprevention of many cancer types. Fresh tea leaves are rich in polyphenolic catechins, which can constitute up to 30% of the dry leaf weight. While the polyphenols of green tea have been well investigated, it is still largely unknown, whether or not non-phenolic constituents also reveal chemopreventive and anti-metastatic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a fraction of green tea rich in phenolic compounds (PF), a non-phenolic fraction (NPF), which contains glyceroglycolipids (GGL), and a pure glyceroglycolipid compound isolated from the non-phenolic fraction in human cancer. Dried green tea leaves were extracted and applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column. The resazurin reduction assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of green tea samples toward human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and normal AML12 hepatocytes cells. Gene expression profiling was performed by mRNA microarray hybridization and the microarray results were validated by RT-PCR. The scratch migration assay was used to investigate the effects of green tea samples on cell migration in vitro. The changes of microtubule dynamics were observed using fluorescence microscopy. PF and NPF were prepared from methanol extract of green tea. A GGL was isolated from NPF. All three green tea samples did not show significant cytotoxic activity up to 10 μg/mL in both HepG2 and AML12 cells, whereas cytotoxicity of the control drug doxorubicin was observed with both cell lines (IC50 on AML12: 0.024 μg/mL, IC50 on HepG2: 2.103 μg/mL). We identified three sets of genes differentially expressed upon treatment with the green tea samples. The genes were associated with cytoskeleton formation, cellular movement, and morphology. The correlation coefficients between mRNA expression values determined by microarray and RT-PCR were R = 0.94. HepG2 and U2OS cells treated with green tea extracts showed the delayed closures. Besides, the number of distinct tubulin filaments decreased upon treatment with green tea samples. We identified not only PF, but also glyceroglycolipids in NPF as contributing factors to the chemopreventive effects of green tea. Both PF and NPF of green tea inhibited cancer cell migration by the disassembly of microtubules, even though they were not cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of MississippiOxford, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Mohabbulla Mohib M, Fazla Rabby S, Paran TZ, Mehedee Hasan M, Ahmed I, Hasan N, Abu Taher Sagor M, Mohiuddin S. Protective role of green tea on diabetic nephropathy—A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2016.1248166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Fazla Rabby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mehedee Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sarif Mohiuddin
- Department of Anatomy, Pioneer Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
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Gaudreau H, Champagne CP, Remondetto GE, Gomaa A, Subirade M. Co-encapsulation of Lactobacillus helveticus cells and green tea extract: Influence on cell survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Istenič K, Cerc Korošec R, Poklar Ulrih N. Encapsulation of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate into liposomes and into alginate or chitosan microparticles reinforced with liposomes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4623-4632. [PMID: 26921243 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was encapsulated into liposomes that were further incorporated into alginate and chitosan microparticles. The stability of free and encapsulated EGCG in all three systems was evaluated at different pH values and in fruit nectar. Furthermore, the interactions between EGCG and the compounds of the microparticles were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS All three encapsulation systems showed high encapsulation efficiency (>97%) and sustained release; in 14 days, no more than 15% of EGCG was released. The encapsulation systems successfully protected EGCG against degradation at alkaline pH. For non-encapsulated EGCG, >70% was degraded after 14 days, while there was no significant degradation of encapsulated EGCG in these three systems. In fruit nectar, >30% of non-encapsulated EGCG was degraded in 14 days, while only 6% of EGCG encapsulated into liposomes or chitosan microparticles reinforced with liposomes was degraded at that time. The DSC and FTIR analyses showed that the main interactions occurred between the liposomes and the EGCG. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that liposomes as well as alginate and chitosan microparticles reinforced with liposomes have the potential to enhance EGCG stability in food products during storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Istenič
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Romana Cerc Korošec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sarkar J, Nandy SK, Chowdhury A, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Inhibition of MMP-9 by green tea catechins and prediction of their interaction by molecular docking analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:340-347. [PMID: 27668533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenolic catechins have been shown to prevent various types of diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PAH), cancer and cardiac and neurological disorders. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the development of PAH. The present study demonstrated that among the four green tea catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC and EGC), EGCG and ECG inhibit pro-/active MMP-9 activities in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell culture supernatant. Based on the above, we investigated the interactions of pro-/active MMP-9 with the green tea catechins by computational methods. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed a strong interaction between pro-/active MMP-9 and EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group appears to be responsible for this enhanced interaction. The molecular docking studies corroborate our experimental observation that EGCG and ECG are mainly active in preventing both the proMMP-9 and MMP-9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Suman Kumar Nandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Animesh Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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84
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Destefanis S, Giretto D, Muscolo MC, Di Cerbo A, Guidetti G, Canello S, Giovazzino A, Centenaro S, Terrazzano G. Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical diet as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment in dogs affected by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:214. [PMID: 27658509 PMCID: PMC5034585 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (cKCS) is an inflammatory eye condition related to a deficiency in the tear aqueous fraction. Etiopathogenesis of such disease is substantially multifactorial, combining the individual genetic background with environmental factors that contribute to the process of immunological tolerance disruption and, as a consequence, to the emergence of autoimmunity disease. In this occurrence, it is of relevance the role of the physiological immune-dysregulation that results in immune-mediated processes at the basis of cKCS. Current therapies for this ocular disease rely on immunosuppressive treatments. Clinical response to treatment frequently varies from poor to good, depending on the clinical-pathological status of eyes at diagnosis and on individual response to therapy. In the light of the variability of clinical response to therapies, we evaluated the use of an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant nutraceutical diet with potential immune-modulating activity as a therapeutical adjuvant in cKCS pharmacological treatment. Such combination was administered to a cohort of dogs affected by cKCS in which the only immunosuppressive treatment resulted poorly responsive or ineffective in controlling the ocular symptoms. Results Fifty dogs of different breeds affected by immune-mediated cKSC were equally distributed and randomly assigned to receive either a standard diet (control, n = 25) or the nutraceutical diet (treatment group, n = 25) both combined with standard immunosuppressive therapy over a 60 days period. An overall significant improvement of all clinical parameters (tear production, conjunctival inflammation, corneal keratinization, corneal pigment density and mucus discharge) and the lack of food-related adverse reactions were observed in the treatment group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our results showed that the association of traditional immune-suppressive therapy with the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of the nutraceutical diet resulted in a significant amelioration of clinical signs and symptoms in cKSC. The beneficial effects, likely due to the presence of supplemented nutraceuticals in the diet, appeared to specifically reduce the immune-mediated ocular symptoms in those cKCS-affected dogs that were poorly responsive or unresponsive to classical immunosuppressive drugs. These data suggest that metabolic changes could affect the immune response orchestration in a model of immune-mediated ocular disease, as represented by cKSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Destefanis
- Clinica Veterinaria Porta Venezia, via Lambro 12, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Giretto
- Clinica Veterinaria Cartesio, viale Olanda 3B, Melzo, 20066, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Guidetti
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Canello
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Sauro, 85, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sara Centenaro
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Sauro, 85, 85100, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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85
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Li W, Wu AH, Zhu S, Li J, Wu R, D'Angelo J, Wang H. EGCG induces G-CSF expression and neutrophilia in experimental sepsis. Immunol Res 2016; 63:144-52. [PMID: 26293782 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A major green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been proven protective against lethal sepsis in experimental setting, but its protective mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence to support EGCG's capacities in stimulating G-CSF production and neutrophilia in vivo. In an animal model of sepsis, EGCG significantly elevated peritoneal levels of G-CSF and several chemokines (e.g., MCP-1/CCL2 and MIP-1γ/CCL9), and consequently increased peritoneal neutrophil numbers (neutrophilia) at a late stage. In vitro, EGCG divergently affected HMGB1-mediated production of several chemokines: reducing CXCL15 and RANTES/CCL5, but elevating G-CSF and MIP-1α/CCL3 production by peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, it significantly induced the expression and secretion of G-CSF and MIP-1α/CCL3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Based on our preliminary data, it may be important to search for anti-inflammatory and G-CSF-stimulating agents for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Andrew H Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - John D'Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Lowe GM, Gana K, Rahman K. Dietary supplementation with green tea extract promotes enhanced human leukocyte activity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 12:277-82. [PMID: 26259232 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2014-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocytes play a vital role in the host defence and inflammatory systems, the latter being responsible for the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. Green tea is a popular beverage, which is consumed worldwide and its active ingredients are epicatechin derivatives, which possess distinct anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a green tea extract could enhance leukocyte function in humans. METHODS Volunteers were asked to take 300 mg of the green tea extract daily for 14 days and the capacity of circulating leukocytes to release both myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin was assessed. Whole blood from volunteers was stimulated with the bacterial peptide Formyl-Methionine-Leucine-Phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe). Myeloperoxidase an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid and is stored and secreted from the granules of neutrophils and monocytes and was measured as well as lactoferrin which is an iron-binding protein stored and secreted from the neutrophils. In conjunction the antioxidant capacity of the blood of the volunteers was also determined using a chemiluminescence method that measures the capacity of plasma to scavenge superoxide. RESULTS After 14 days of treatment there was a significant increase in the release of myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin when whole blood was stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe (p<0.05), which activates a number of leukocytes including mature neutrophils and monocytes. This was mirrored by a significant increase in the total antioxidant status after 14 days of green tea ingestion (p0.05). After the "wash-out" period of 4 weeks, all parameters were consistent with those observed at the start of the trial (day 0). Treatment with the green tea extract also caused a slight but non-significant decrease in the number of circulating leukocytes, but the counts remained within published "normal" ranges for healthy human adults. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that a green tea extract when taken as a dietary supplement for 14 days can increase the leukocyte activity and the total plasma antioxidant status and may have role to play in the prevention of inflammatory disease.
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87
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Plants and their active compounds: natural molecules to target angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:287-95. [PMID: 27154020 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, is an important process in the pathogenesis of several diseases and thus has been targeted for the prevention and treatment for many disorders. However, the anti-angiogenic agents that are currently in use are mainly synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, which are either expensive or toxic, thereby limiting their use in many patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify less toxic, inexpensive, novel and effective anti-angiogenic molecules. Several studies have indicated that natural plant products can meet these criteria. In this review, we discuss the anti-angiogenic properties of natural compounds isolated from plants and the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules act. Finally, we summarize the advantages of using plant products as anti-angiogenic agents. Compared with currently available anti-angiogenic drugs, plant products may not only have similar therapeutic potential but are also inexpensive, less toxic, and easy to administer. However, novel and effective strategies are necessary to improve their bioavailability for clinical use.
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Yeoh BS, Aguilera Olvera R, Singh V, Xiao X, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Lambert JD, Vijay-Kumar M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase and Its Counter-Regulation by Dietary Iron and Lipocalin 2 in Murine Model of Gut Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:912-26. [PMID: 26968114 PMCID: PMC5848242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Green tea-derived polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that EGCG can potently inhibit the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase in vitro in a dose-dependent manner over a range of physiologic temperatures and pH values. The ability of EGCG to mediate its inhibitory activity is counter-regulated by the presence of iron and lipocalin 2. Spectral analysis indicated that EGCG prevents the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the reactive peroxidase heme (compound I:oxoiron) back to its native inactive ferric state, possibly via the exchange of electrons. Further, administration of EGCG to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice significantly reduced the colonic myeloperoxidase activity and alleviated proinflammatory mediators associated with gut inflammation. However, the efficacy of EGCG against gut inflammation is diminished when orally coadministered with iron. These findings indicate that the ability of EGCG to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity is one of the mechanisms by which it exerts mucoprotective effects and that counter-regulatory factors such as dietary iron and luminal lipocalin 2 should be taken into consideration for optimizing clinical management strategies for inflammatory bowel disease with the use of EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Chowdhury A, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T, Pramanik PK, Chakraborti S. Protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in health and disease: A perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Bactericidal activity of green tea extracts: the importance of catechin containing nano particles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19710. [PMID: 26818408 PMCID: PMC4730195 DOI: 10.1038/srep19710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
When we drink green tea infusion, we believe we are drinking the extract of the green tea leaves. While practically each tea bag infused in 300 mL water contains about 50 mg of suspended green tea leaf particles. What is the role of these particles in the green tea effect is the objective of this study. These particles (three different size ranges) were isolated via varying speed centrifugation and their respective inputs evaluated. Live oral bacterial samples from human volunteers have been screened against green tea extracts and macro, micro and nano sized green tea particles. The results showed that the presence/absence of the macro and mico sized tea particles in the green tea extract did not contribute much. However, the nano sized particles were characterized to be nature’s nano stores of the bioactive catechins. Eradication of these nano tea particles resulted in decrease in the bactericidal property of the green tea extracts. This is a curtain raiser investigation, busting the nano as well as green tea leaf particle contribution in green tea extracts.
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92
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Khan A, Ali NH, Santercole V, Paglietti B, Rubino S, Kazmi SU, Farooqui A. Camellia sinensis Mediated Enhancement of Humoral Immunity to Particulate and Non-particulate Antigens. Phytother Res 2016; 30:41-8. [PMID: 26478000 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The most common drinking beverage in large portion of the world is Camellia sinensis (green tea). In the present study, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of green tea and tea polyphenols to particulate and non-particulate antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized with particulate and non-particulate antigens. Modulation of immunoglobulin-secreting splenocytes, IgG-mediated and IgM-mediated immunity, was evaluated by hemolytic plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dose-dependent response of tea polyphenols was also assayed. Phenolic content was measured in crude preparations of green tea. We observed a stimulatory effect of green tea preparations on humoral immune response mediated by the increased number of antibody-secreted cells in spleen. A significant increase in IgM-mediated and IgG-mediated immune response to non-particulate antigen was also observed in green tea-treated animals. A dose-dependent adjuvant effect was seen in the case of tea polyphenols for a longer period of time compared with crude tea preparations. This study indicates polyphenols as major constituents responsible for the enhanced and sustained adjuvant activity of green tea. We suggest that tea polyphenols might be considered for real-life evaluation during adjuvant-mediated vaccination trial programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Nafisa Hassan Ali
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Bianca Paglietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahana Urooj Kazmi
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Yuvaraja M, Reddy NR, Kumar PM, Ravi KS, Alqahtani N. Thermoreversible gel for intrapocket delivery of green tea catechin as a local drug delivery system: An original research. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2016; 7:139-143. [PMID: 27833893 PMCID: PMC5052940 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.191422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal therapies along with systemic antibiotic therapy aim at eliminating the subgingival microbiota to arrest the progression of periodontal diseases. The complete elimination is often difficult, and thus the probability of repopulation after periodontal therapy is also high. The objectives of the study are to develop in situ thermoreversible gelling system of green tea catechins suitable for periodontal pocket administration, which would act as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Gel is prepared on a weight basis using a cold process. In vitro drug release pattern is observed through spectrophotometer analysis at 277 nm. The gel is subjected to serial dilution analysis to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion analysis to determine the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness. Release pattern studies showed a complete release of drug from gel occurred by 36 h. A volume of 1.25 mg/ml was determined as MIC required against the periodontal pathogens. Disc diffusion analysis showed a 14 mm zone of inhibition is present around the 75 µl well for all the four species and 12 mm zone of inhibition around the 50 µl well. The advantage of F-127 is its thermoreversible nature that used for in situ gel formulation. Pluronic gel proved to be a promising carrier for prolong and effective release of green tea catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yuvaraja
- Department of Periodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Raghavendra Reddy
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P Mohan Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K S Ravi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeeh Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hu C, Gu C, Fang Q, Wang Q, Xia Q. Transdermal solid delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate using self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system as vehicle: Formulation, evaluation and vesicle-skin interaction. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1080-91. [PMID: 26637442 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215617891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate to improve epigallocatechin-3-gallate skin retention. The long chain solid lipids (cetostearyl alcohol) and macadamia oil were utilized as a carrier to deliver the bioactive ingredient. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation, and the solid lipid to total lipid weight ratio, concentration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and hydrophilic surfactant on skin retention were found to be the principal factors. The optimum formulation with high encapsulation efficiency (95.75%), self-double-emulsification performance (99.58%) and skin retention (87.24%) were derived from the fitted models and experimentally examined, demonstrating a reasonable agreement between experimental and predicted values. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system was found to be stable for 3 months. Transdermal studies could explain a higher skin diffusion of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from the self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system compared with EGCG aqueous solution. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate-self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system did not exert hazardous effect on L929 cells up to 1:10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibiao Hu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiao Fang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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Chowdhury A, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Role of Spm-Cer-S1P signalling pathway in MMP-2 mediated U46619-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:463-77. [PMID: 26486270 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During remodelling of pulmonary artery, marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) occurs, which contributes to pulmonary hypertension. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been shown to produce pulmonary hypertension. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the TxA2 mimetic, U46619-induced proliferation of PASMCs. U46619 at a concentration of 10 nM induces maximum proliferation of bovine PASMCs. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of p(38)MAPK, NF-κB and MMP-2 significantly inhibit U46619-induced cell proliferation. EGCG markedly abrogate U46619-induced p(38)MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, proMMP-2 expression and activation, and also the cell proliferation. U46619 causes an increase in the activation of sphingomyelinase (SMase) and sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and also increase sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) level. U46619 also induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which phosphorylates SPHK leading to an increase in S1P level. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of SMase and SPHK markedly inhibit U46619-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of MMP-2 markedly abrogate U46619-induced SMase activity and S1P level. EGCG markedly inhibit U46619-induced SMase activity, ERK1/2 and SPHK phosphorylation and S1P level in the cells. Overall, Sphingomyeline-Ceramide-Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Spm-Cer-S1P) signalling axis plays an important role in MMP-2 mediated U46619-induced proliferation of PASMCs. Importantly, EGCG inhibits U46619 induced increase in MMP-2 activation by modulating p(38)MAPK-NFκB pathway and subsequently prevents the cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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96
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Farrar MD, Nicolaou A, Clarke KA, Mason S, Massey KA, Dew TP, Watson REB, Williamson G, Rhodes LE. A randomized controlled trial of green tea catechins in protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:608-15. [PMID: 26178731 PMCID: PMC4548173 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe systemic protection from the health hazards of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight is desirable. Green tea is consumed globally and is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be mediated through the impact on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Recent data suggest that green tea catechins (GTCs) reduce acute UVR effects, but human trials examining their photoprotective potential are scarce. OBJECTIVE We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine whether GTCs protect against clinical, histologic, and biochemical indicators of UVR-induced inflammation. DESIGN Healthy adults (aged 18-65 y, phototypes I-II) were randomly allocated to 1350 mg encapsulated green tea extract (540 mg GTC) with 50 mg vitamin C or placebo twice daily for 3 mo. Impact on skin erythema, dermal leukocytic infiltration, and concentrations of proinflammatory eicosanoids was assessed after solar-simulated UVR challenge, and subject compliance was determined through assay of urinary GTC metabolite epigallocatechin glucuronide. RESULTS Volunteers were assigned to the active (n = 25) or the placebo (n = 25) group. After supplementation, median (IQR) sunburn threshold (minimal erythema dose) was 28 (20-28) and 20 (20-28) mJ/cm(2) in the active and placebo groups, respectively (nonsignificant), with no difference in AUC analysis for measured erythema index after a geometric series of 10 UVR doses. Skin immunohistochemistry showed increased neutrophil and CD3(+) T-lymphocyte numbers post-UVR in both groups (P < 0.01) with no statistically significant differences between groups after supplementation. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites prostaglandin E2 (vasodilator) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoicacid (chemoattractant), respectively, increased after UVR (P < 0.05), with no differences between supplementation groups. CONCLUSION Oral GTC (1080 mg/d) with vitamin C over 3 mo did not significantly reduce skin erythema, leukocyte infiltration, or eicosanoid response to UVR inflammatory challenge. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01032031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah Mason
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Massey
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan P Dew
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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97
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Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, de Assis GF. Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134784. [PMID: 26270535 PMCID: PMC4535908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, RAGE. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. In particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanisms by which green tea attenuates the spontaneous onset of diabetes-induced periodontitis. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic and control animals were divided into water-treated and green tea-treated subgroups and were analyzed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after diabetes induction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively evaluate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) expression in serial sections of each hemimaxilla. Morphometric measurements of the distance from the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) of the superior distal root of the first molar to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) were performed to assess bone loss. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in significant bone loss and alterations in the number of cells that stained positive for inflammatory mediators. In the diabetic rats treated with green tea, we observed a decreased number of cells expressing RANKL and TNF-α compared with that observed in the diabetic rats treated with water. Additionally, green tea increased the numbers of cells that stained positive for OPG, RUNX-2 and IL-10 in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Green tea intake reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the osteoclastogenic mediator RANKL to normal levels while increasing expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the osteogenesis-related factor RUNX-2 and the anti-osteoclastogenic factor OPG. Therefore, green tea represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-related periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ceolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Germino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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98
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Green tea catechins alone or in combination alter functional parameters of human neutrophils via suppressing the activation of TLR-4/NFκB p65 signal pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1766-78. [PMID: 26187476 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a mixture containing the four main catechins found in green tea, as well it separately, as modulators of the functional parameters of human neutrophils. The cells were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy individuals isolated and cultured with a mix: 30 μM of EGCG, 3 μM of EGC, 2 μM of ECG and 1.4 μM of EC, as well as each one alone. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of catechins, production of several reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GR), Nrf2, TLR4/IKK/NFκB, CD11b mRNA levels, intracellular calcium release, chemotactic and phagocytic capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and G6PDH activities, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, protein levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, iNOS and p-65 NFκB. The actions of the catechins were evidenced by the reduction in inflammatory parameters, including the suppression of TLR4, NFκB and iNOS protein expression, decreased release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, migration capacity, MPO activity and HOCl production and the suppression of ROS, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production, while inducing antioxidant enzyme activities and Nrf2 mRNA levels, phagocytic capacity and calcium release. Our results demonstrate that catechins present marked immunomodulatory actions, either alone or in combination.
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99
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Hrishi TS, Kundapur PP, Naha A, Thomas BS, Kamath S, Bhat GS. Effect of adjunctive use of green tea dentifrice in periodontitis patients - A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:178-83. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TS Hrishi
- Department of Dentistry; P K Das Institute of Medical Sciences; Vaniyamkulam Palakkad Kerala
| | - PP Kundapur
- Department of Periodontology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - A Naha
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - BS Thomas
- Department of Periodontology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - S Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - GS Bhat
- PDS Division; Periodontics; College of Dentistry; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
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100
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Lee KO, Kim SN, Kim YC. Anti-wrinkle Effects of Water Extracts of Teas in Hairless Mouse. Toxicol Res 2015; 30:283-9. [PMID: 25584148 PMCID: PMC4289929 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea flavonoids and polyphenols are well known for their extraordinary antioxidant activity which is considered important for anti-aging processes in animals. This study evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of three different kinds of tea (Camellia sinensis) water extracts (CSWEs) including green, white, and black teas using a photoaged hairless mouse model. Data showed that the CSWE-treatment greatly improved skin conditions of mice suffering from UVB-induced photoaging, based on the parameters including the skin erythema index, moisture capacity, and transepidermal water loss. In addition, the wrinkle measurement and image analysis of skin replicas indicated that CSWEs remarkably inhibited wrinkle formation. In histological examination, the CSWE-treated mice exhibited diminished epidermal thickness and increased collagen and elastic fiber content, key signatures for skin restoration. Furthermore, the reduced expression of MMP-3, a collagen-degradative enzyme, was observed in the skin of CSWE-treated animals. Interestingly, comparative data between green, white, and black tea indicated that the anti-wrinkle activity of white tea and black tea is equally greater than that of green tea. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrated that CSWEs could be used as an effective anti-wrinkle agent in photoaged animal skin, implying their extended uses in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ok Lee
- Department of Beauty Art, Howon University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Sang Nam Kim
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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