51
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Lam IPY, Fong JJ. Are fecal samples an appropriate proxy for amphibian intestinal microbiota? Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10862. [PMID: 38304268 PMCID: PMC10828907 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, an invisible organ supporting a host's survival, has essential roles in metabolism, immunity, growth, and development. Since intestinal microbiota influences a host's biology, application of such data to wildlife conservation has gained interest. There are standard protocols for studying the human intestinal microbiota, but no equivalent for wildlife. A major challenge is sampling the intestinal microbiota in an effective, unbiased way. Fecal samples are a popular proxy for intestinal microbiota because collection is non-invasive and allows for longitudinal sampling. Yet it is unclear whether the fecal microbiota is representative of the intestinal microbiota. In wildlife studies, research on the sampling methodology is limited. In this study focusing on amphibians, we characterize and compare the microbiota (small intestine, large intestine, and feces) of two Hong Kong stream-dwelling frog species: Lesser Spiny Frog (Quasipaa exilispinosa) and Hong Kong Cascade Frog (Amolops hongkongensis). We found that the microbiota of both species are similar at the level of phylum and family, but diverge at the level of genus. When we assessed the performance of fecal microbiota in representing the intestinal microbiota in these two species, we found that (1) the microbiota of the small and large intestine differs significantly, (2) feces are not an appropriate proxy of either intestinal sections, and (3) a set of microbial taxa significantly differs between sample types. Our findings raise caution equating fecal and intestinal microbiota in stream-dwelling frogs. Sampling feces can avoid sacrifice of an animal, but researchers should avoid over-extrapolation and interpret results carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P. Y. Lam
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Science UnitLingnan UniversityHong KongChina
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52
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Alanezi F. Assessing the Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Delivering Mental Health Support: A Qualitative Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:461-471. [PMID: 38314011 PMCID: PMC10838501 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s447368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are widely researched for their potential in effectively improving the healthcare operations and disease management. However, the research trend shows that these applications also have significant negative implications on the service delivery. Purpose To assess the use of ChatGPT for mental health support. Methods Due to the novelty and unfamiliarity of the ChatGPT technology, a quasi-experimental design was chosen for this study. Outpatients from a public hospital were included in the sample. A two-week experiment followed by semi-structured interviews was conducted in which participants used ChatGPT for mental health support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 individuals with mental health conditions. Results Eight positive factors (psychoeducation, emotional support, goal setting and motivation, referral and resource information, self-assessment and monitoring, cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis interventions, and psychotherapeutic exercises) and four negative factors (ethical and legal considerations, accuracy and reliability, limited assessment capabilities, and cultural and linguistic considerations) were associated with the use of ChatGPT for mental health support. Conclusion It is important to carefully consider the ethical, reliability, accuracy, and legal challenges and develop appropriate strategies to mitigate them in order to ensure safe and effective use of AI-based applications like ChatGPT in mental health support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alanezi
- College of Business Administration, Department Management Information Systems, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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53
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Bhuvaneshwar K, Gusev Y. Translational bioinformatics and data science for biomarker discovery in mental health: an analytical review. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae098. [PMID: 38493340 PMCID: PMC10944574 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational bioinformatics and data science play a crucial role in biomarker discovery as it enables translational research and helps to bridge the gap between the bench research and the bedside clinical applications. Thanks to newer and faster molecular profiling technologies and reducing costs, there are many opportunities for researchers to explore the molecular and physiological mechanisms of diseases. Biomarker discovery enables researchers to better characterize patients, enables early detection and intervention/prevention and predicts treatment responses. Due to increasing prevalence and rising treatment costs, mental health (MH) disorders have become an important venue for biomarker discovery with the goal of improved patient diagnostics, treatment and care. Exploration of underlying biological mechanisms is the key to the understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MH disorders. In an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MH disorders, we reviewed the major accomplishments in the MH space from a bioinformatics and data science perspective, summarized existing knowledge derived from molecular and cellular data and described challenges and areas of opportunities in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Microbiota Implications in Endocrine-Related Diseases: From Development to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2024; 12:221. [PMID: 38255326 PMCID: PMC10813640 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review article delves into the critical role of the human microbiota in the development and management of endocrine-related diseases. We explore the complex interactions between the microbiota and the endocrine system, emphasizing the implications of microbiota dysbiosis for the onset and progression of various endocrine disorders. The review aims to synthesize current knowledge, highlighting recent advancements and the potential of novel therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota-endocrine interactions. Key topics include the impact of microbiota on hormone regulation, its role in endocrine pathologies, and the promising avenues of microbiota modulation through diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. We underscore the importance of this research in advancing personalized medicine, offering insights for more tailored and effective treatments for endocrine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/ Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (A.R.-Z.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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55
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Noemi CN, Bob P, Bókkon I. Long-Term Implicit Epigenetic Stress Information in the Enteric Nervous System and its Contribution to Developing and Perpetuating IBS. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:2100-2112. [PMID: 38726788 PMCID: PMC11337685 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240507095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric and mood disorders may play an important role in the development and persistence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Previously, we hypothesized that stress-induced implicit memories may persist throughout life via epigenetic processes in the enteric nervous system (ENS), independent of the central nervous system (CNS). These epigenetic memories in the ENS may contribute to developing and perpetuating IBS. Here, we further elaborate on our earlier hypothesis. That is, during pregnancy, maternal prenatal stresses perturb the HPA axis and increase circulating cortisol levels, which can affect the maternal gut microbiota. Maternal cortisol can cross the placental barrier and increase cortisol-circulating levels in the fetus. This leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, affecting the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and intestinal permeability in the fetus. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (which also regulate the development of fetal ENS), can modulate a range of diseases by inducing epigenetic changes. These mentioned processes suggest that stress-related, implicit, long-term epigenetic memories may be programmed into the fetal ENS during pregnancy. Subsequently, this implicit epigenetic stress information from the fetal ENS could be conveyed to the CNS through the bidirectional microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), leading to perturbed functional connectivity among various brain networks and the dysregulation of affective and pain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Császár-Nagy Noemi
- National University of Public Services, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry & UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University, CZ-12108 Prague, Czechia
| | - István Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
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Priori EC, Ratto D, De Luca F, Sandionigi A, Savino E, Giammello F, Romeo M, Brandalise F, Roda E, Rossi P. Hericium erinaceus Extract Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut-Neuroinflammaging-Cognitive Axis in Elderly Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 38248449 PMCID: PMC10813749 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a biological phenomenon that determines the impairment of cognitive performances, in particular, affecting memory. Inflammation and cellular senescence are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. The gut microbiota-brain axis could exert a critical role in influencing brain homeostasis during ageing, modulating neuroinflammation, and possibly leading to inflammaging. Due to their anti-ageing properties, medicinal mushrooms can be utilised as a resource for developing pharmaceuticals and functional foods. Specifically, Hericium erinaceus (He), thanks to its bioactive metabolites, exerts numerous healthy beneficial effects, such as reinforcing the immune system, counteracting ageing, and improving cognitive performance. Our previous works demonstrated the capabilities of two months of He1 standardised extract oral supplementation in preventing cognitive decline in elderly frail mice. Herein, we showed that this treatment did not change the overall gut microbiome composition but significantly modified the relative abundance of genera specifically involved in cognition and inflammation. Parallelly, a significant decrease in crucial markers of inflammation and cellular senescence, i.e., CD45, GFAP, IL6, p62, and γH2AX, was demonstrated in the dentate gyrus and Cornus Ammonis hippocampal areas through immunohistochemical experiments. In summary, we suggested beneficial and anti-inflammatory properties of He1 in mouse hippocampus through the gut microbiome-brain axis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Quantia Consulting S.r.l., Via Petrarca 20, 22066 Mariano Comense, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giammello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.R.)
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Mishra V, Yadav D, Solanki KS, Koul B, Song M. A Review on the Protective Effects of Probiotics against Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38248439 PMCID: PMC10813289 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the protective effects of probiotics against Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older adults. This disease is characterized by the deposition of tau and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in different parts of the brain. Symptoms observed in patients with AD include struggles with writing, speech, memory, and knowledge. The gut microbiota reportedly plays an important role in brain functioning due to its bidirectional communication with the gut via the gut-brain axis. The emotional and cognitive centers in the brain are linked to the functions of the peripheral intestinal system via this gut-brain axis. Dysbiosis has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, indicating the significance of gut homeostasis for proper brain function. Probiotics play an important role in protecting against the symptoms of AD as they restore gut-brain homeostasis to a great extent. This review summarizes the characteristics, status of gut-brain axis, and significance of gut microbiota in AD. Review and research articles related to the role of probiotics in the treatment of AD were searched in the PubMed database. Recent studies conducted using animal models were given preference. Recent clinical trials were searched for separately. Several studies conducted on animal and human models clearly explain the benefits of probiotics in improving cognition and memory in experimental subjects. Based on these studies, novel therapeutic approaches can be designed for the treatment of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Mishra
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474003, India;
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kavita Singh Solanki
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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Mehdi S, Wani SUD, Krishna K, Kinattingal N, Roohi TF. A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101571. [PMID: 37965066 PMCID: PMC10641573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a disturbance in homeostasis caused by psychological, physiological, or environmental factors. Prolonged reactions to chronic stress can be detrimental, resulting in various metabolic abnormalities, referred to as metabolic syndrome (MS). There is a reciprocal increased risk between MS and major depressive disorder. Recent studies established an association between inflammation and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression. In the present review, we discuss chronic low-grade inflammation, pathways of insulin resistance, and brain glucose metabolism in the context of neuroinflammation and depression. Specific attention is given to psychotropic drugs such as bupropion, mirtazapine, and nefazodone, anti-inflammatory drugs like Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), Etanercept, adalimumab, IL-4Ra antagonist, Anti-IL- 17A antibody (Ixekizumab) and lifestyle modifications including exercise, dietary changes, and sleep hygiene. These therapeutic solutions offer potential in treating depression by targeting metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and inflammatory pathways. The article further explains the significance of a nutrition and antioxidants-rich diet, emphasizing the role of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, and polyphenols, to improve immunity and activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - K.L. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
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Van Dingenen L, Segers C, Wouters S, Mysara M, Leys N, Kumar-Singh S, Malhotra-Kumar S, Van Houdt R. Dissecting the role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in radio- and immunotherapy treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1298264. [PMID: 38035338 PMCID: PMC10687483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1298264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and poses a major burden on the human health worldwide. At the moment, treatment of CRC consists of surgery in combination with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have also been approved for CRC treatment. In addition, recent studies have shown that radiotherapy and ICBs act synergistically, with radiotherapy stimulating the immune system that is activated by ICBs. However, both treatments are also associated with severe toxicity and efficacy issues, which can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of these treatment programs. There's growing evidence pointing to the gut microbiome playing a role in these issues. Some microorganisms seem to contribute to radiotherapy-associated toxicity and hinder ICB efficacy, while others seem to reduce radiotherapy-associated toxicity or enhance ICB efficacy. Consequently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied to reduce radio- and immunotherapy-related toxicity and enhance their efficacies. Here, we have reviewed the currently available preclinical and clinical data in CRC treatment, with a focus on how the gut microbiome influences radio- and immunotherapy toxicity and efficacy and if these treatments could benefit from FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Van Dingenen
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Segers
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Shari Wouters
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Natalie Leys
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Ghuge S, Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain probiotic rescinds quinpirole-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes by reshaping of microbiota gut-brain axis in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173652. [PMID: 37804865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that poses recurring bothersome intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions. Considering the positive impact of probiotics on neuropsychiatric disorders, herein, we investigated the effect of multistrain probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and glutamine) in the management of OCD-like phenotype in rats. Rats injected with quinpirole for 5 weeks showed an increased number of marble burying and self-grooming episodes. Quinpirole-injected animals also did less head dipping in the hole board test and avoided exploration of open spaces in the elevated-plus maze. These repetitive, compulsive, self-directed, and anxiety-like phenotypes were abolished after 8-week of multistrain probiotic treatment. The probiotic formulation also prevented the elevated mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in the amygdala and dysregulated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex of quinpirole-injected rats. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex remained unaffected across the groups. The altered levels of goblet cells and crypt-to-villi ratio in quinpirole rats were prevented by multistrain probiotic treatment. The results of 16S-rRNA gene-sequencing of gut microbiota from feces contents revealed an elevation in the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium species (specifically Bifidobacterium animalis), while the presence of Lactobacillus species (including Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis) exhibited a decline in quinpirole-induced rats. These results imply that modifying the gut-brain axis may be a possible mechanism by which selective multistrain probiotic therapy prevents OCD-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Calaprice-Whitty D, Tang A, Tona J. Factors Associated with Symptom Persistence in PANS: Part I-Access to Care. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:356-364. [PMID: 37902790 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) presents with abrupt neuropsychiatric symptoms, often after an immunologic trigger. A 2017 survey of 698 subjects found diagnostic delays to be associated with recurrences, suggesting that timely care impacts course. This secondary analysis explores the impact of barriers to care on symptom persistence. Methods: A 146-question online survey gathered history, symptomatology, intervention, and outcome data from subjects with PANS. Multivariate analyses examined associations between symptom persistence over the entire reported disease course, measured as % days symptom-free over reporting periods averaging approximately 4 years, and access-to-care history, reflected in availability of medical expertise and affordability of care. The impacts of time from symptom onset to treatment and effectiveness of initial antibiotics were also examined. Results: Among the 646 subjects analyzed, greater symptom persistence was associated with longer intervals between symptom onset and treatment (F = 4.43, p = 0.002). Thirty-four percent of subjects with the least symptom persistence (>75% symptom-free days), versus 13% of those with the most (symptoms every day), had been diagnosed by the first practitioner seen (likelihood ratio [L-R] χ2 = 36.55, p < 0.0001, for comparison across all groups). Diagnosis and treatment had not been impeded by lack of access to expertise for 52% of subjects with the least persistent symptoms, versus 22% of those with the most (L-R χ2 = 22.47, p < 0.0001). Affordability had not impacted diagnosis and treatment for 76% of subjects with the least persistent symptoms, versus 42% of those with the most (L-R χ2 = 27.83, p < 0.0001). The subjects whose PANS symptoms resolved with antibiotic treatment of the inciting infection experienced less symptom persistence than others (χ2 = 23.27, p = 0.0001). More persistently symptomatic subjects were more likely to have discontinued intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for access-to-care reasons. Conclusions: Unimpeded access to care for PANS is associated with more symptom-free days over reporting periods averaging approximately 4 years. Difficulty reaching expert providers, missed opportunities for diagnoses, and financial limitations may worsen outcomes. Practitioners, particularly primary providers, should adhere to published diagnostic and treatment guidelines promptly upon presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Calaprice-Whitty
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Brain Inflammation Collaborative, Delafield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Angela Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Janice Tona
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Alanzi T, Alsalem AA, Alzahrani H, Almudaymigh N, Alessa A, Mulla R, AlQahtani L, Bajonaid R, Alharthi A, Alnahdi O, Alanzi N. AI-Powered Mental Health Virtual Assistants' Acceptance: An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors Among Generations X, Y, and Z. Cureus 2023; 15:e49486. [PMID: 38156169 PMCID: PMC10753156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY PURPOSE This study aims to analyze various influencing factors among generations X (Gen X), Y (Gen Y), and Z (Gen Z) of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered mental health virtual assistants. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this study. The study sample consisted of outpatients diagnosed with various mental health illnesses, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and behavioral disorders. A survey questionnaire was designed based on the factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and behavioural intention) identified from the unified theory of acceptance and use of the technology model. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS A total of 506 patients participated in the study, with over 80% having moderate to high experience in using mental health AI assistants. The ANOVA results for performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), and behavioral intentions (BI) indicate that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z participants. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the significance of considering generational differences in attitudes and perceptions, with Gen Y and Gen Z demonstrating more positive attitudes and stronger intentions to use AI mental health virtual assistants, while Gen X appears to be more cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Alanzi
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | | | - Hessah Alzahrani
- College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAU
| | | | | | - Raghad Mulla
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lama AlQahtani
- College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Omar Alnahdi
- Department of Public Health, Dr. Sulaiman AlHabib Hospital, Alkhobar, SAU
| | - Nouf Alanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, SAU
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Conesa MPB, Blixt FW, Peesh P, Khan R, Korf J, Lee J, Jagadeesan G, Andersohn A, Das TK, Tan C, Di Gesu C, Colpo GD, Moruno-Manchón JF, McCullough LD, Bryan R, Ganesh BP. Stabilizing histamine release in gut mast cells mitigates peripheral and central inflammation after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:230. [PMID: 37805585 PMCID: PMC10560441 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of long-term disability and places a high economic burden on the global healthcare system. Functional outcomes from stroke are largely determined by the extent of ischemic injury, however, there is growing recognition that systemic inflammatory responses also contribute to outcomes. Mast cells (MCs) rapidly respond to injury and release histamine (HA), a pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter that enhances inflammation. The gut serves as a major reservoir of HA. We hypothesized that cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer that prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, would decrease peripheral and central inflammation, reduce MC trafficking to the brain, and improve stroke outcomes. We used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in aged (18 mo) male mice to investigate the role of MC in neuroinflammation post-stroke. After MCAO we treated mice with 25 mg/kg body weight of cromolyn (MC stabilizer) by oral gavage. Cromolyn was administered at 3 h, 10 h, 24 h and every 24 h for 3 days post-stroke. Three control groups were used. One group underwent a sham surgery and was treated with cromolyn, one received sham surgery with PBS vehicle and the third underwent MCAO with PBS vehicle. Mice were euthanized at 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Cromolyn administration significantly reduced MC numbers in the brain at both 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Infarct volume was not significantly different between groups, however improved functional outcomes were seen at 3 days post-stroke in mice that received cromolyn. Treatment with cromolyn reduced plasma histamine and IL-6 levels in both the 24-h and 3-day cohorts. Gut MCs numbers were significantly reduced after cromolyn treatment at 24 h and 3 days after stroke. To determine if MC trafficking from the gut to the brain occurred after injury, GFP+MCs were adoptively transferred to c-kit-/- MC knock-out animals prior to MCAO. 24 h after stroke, elevated MC recruitment was seen in the ischemic brain. Preventing MC histamine release by cromolyn improved gut barrier integrity and an improvement in stroke-induced dysbiosis was seen with treatment. Our results show that preventing MC histamine release possesses prevents post-stroke neuroinflammation and improves neurological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pedram Peesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romeesa Khan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janelle Korf
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gayathri Jagadeesan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Andersohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tushar K Das
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Di Gesu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Pedroza Matute S, Iyavoo S. Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225120. [PMID: 37867494 PMCID: PMC10585655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing a significant role in the state of health and disease of the host. Diet, exercise, mental health, and other factors have exhibited the ability to influence the gut bacterial composition, leading to changes that can prevent and improve, or favor and worsen, both intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions. Altered gut microbial states, or 'dysbiosis', associated with conditions and diseases are often characterized by shifts in bacterial abundance and diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding the effect of lifestyle on the gut microbiota, personalized advice can be generated to suit each individual profile and foster the adoption of lifestyle changes that can both prevent and ameliorate dysbiosis. The delivery of effective and reliable advice, however, depends not only on the available research and current understanding of the topic, but also on the methods used to assess individuals and to discover the associations, which can introduce bias at multiple stages. The aim of this review is to summarize how human gut microbial variability is defined and what lifestyle choices and diseases have shown association with gut bacterial composition. Furthermore, popular methods to investigate the human gut microbiota are outlined, with a focus on the possible bias caused by the lack of use of standardized methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of personalized advice based on gut microbiota testing is presented, underlining its power and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- Nkaarco Diagnostics Limited, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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Handsley-Davis M, Anderson MZ, Bader AC, Ehau-Taumaunu H, Fox K, Kowal E, Weyrich LS. Microbiome ownership for Indigenous peoples. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1777-1786. [PMID: 37770744 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported increased microbial diversity, or distinct microbial community compositions, in the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples around the world. However, there is a widespread failure to include Indigenous cultures and perspectives in microbiome research programmes, and ethical issues pertaining to microbiome research involving Indigenous participants have not received enough attention. We discuss the benefits and risks arising from microbiome research involving Indigenous peoples and analyse microbiome ownership as an ethical concept in this context. We argue that microbiome ownership represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to steward and protect their resident microbial communities at every stage of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Handsley-Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanareia Ehau-Taumaunu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, Global Health Program, and Indigenous Futures Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma Kowal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Anthropology and Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Koneru S, Thiruvadi V, Ramesh M. Gut microbiome and its clinical implications: exploring the key players in human health. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:353-359. [PMID: 37593952 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The human gut harbors a diverse community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota. Extensive research in recent years has shed light on the profound influence of the gut microbiome on human health and disease. This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiome in various clinical conditions and highlight the emerging therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiota for disease management. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the influence of gut microbiota on human physiology led to the development of various therapeutic possibilities such as fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), phage therapy, prebiotics, and probiotics. Recently, the U.S. FDA approved two FMT products for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection with ongoing research for the treatment of various disease conditions. SUMMARY Advancement in the knowledge of the association between gut microbiota and various disease processes has paved the way for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja Koneru
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Lu A, Li J, Liu Y, Du X, Wang Y, Wang X. Dietary fiber intake is positively associated with health-related quality of life in patients with hypertension: The mediating role of anxiety in mental component summary. Nutr Res 2023; 118:94-103. [PMID: 37603904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the exploration of the relationship between dietary fiber intake (DFI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its mediators in hypertensive patients. This study is a cross-sectional survey and the data were obtained from hypertensive patients from Suzhou, China. The DFI, office systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, anxiety and depression, and HRQoL were investigated. We hypothesized that blood pressure, anxiety, and depression mediated the association between DFI and HRQoL, and used Pearson correlations, linear regression, and bootstrap tests to validate this relationship. A total of 211 hypertensive patients aged 20 to 64 years were included in this study. The average DFI was 12.4 ± 5.2 g/d, and the scores of physical component summary and mental component summary (MCS) were 46.5 ± 6.1 and 46.4 ± 6.4, respectively. DFI was positively correlated with physical component summary (r = 0.17, p = 0.014) and MCS (r = 0.27, P < .001). After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, neither systolic blood pressure nor diastolic blood pressure showed mediating effects in the mediated model of DFI on MCS, whereas anxiety (b = -0.30; 95% confidence interval, -0.41 to -0.18) fully mediated the improvement in MCS by DFI (F = 11.14, P < .001). Because the MCS of HRQoL encompassed the assessment of depression, we did not analyze the mediating effect of depression in this model in order to avoid variable duplication. The decreased DFI is a risk factor for lower HRQoL, and anxiety mediated the relationship between DFI and MCS. Further research should focus on increasing DFI and reducing anxiety levels in hypertensive patients to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Lu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Division of Digestion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiaojiao Du
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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68
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Burley CV, Casey AN, Jones MD, Wright KE, Parmenter BJ. Nonpharmacological approaches for pain and symptoms of depression in people with osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analyses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15449. [PMID: 37723233 PMCID: PMC10507102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
People with osteoarthritis often experience pain and depression. These meta-analyses examined and compared nonpharmacological randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for pain and symptoms of depression in people living with osteoarthritis. RCTs published up until April 2022 were sourced by searching electronic databases EMBASE, PUBMED & MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and PEDro. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate pooled effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pain and depression. Subgroup analyses examined intervention subtypes. For pain, 29 interventions (n = 4382; 65 ± 6.9 years; 70% female), revealed a significant effect on reducing pain (ES = 0.43, 95% CI [0.25, 0.61], p < 0.001). Effect sizes were significant (p < 0.001) for movement meditation (ES = 0.52; 95% CI [0.35, 0.69]), multimodal approaches (ES = 0.37; 95% CI [0.22, 0.51]), and psychological therapy (ES = 0.21; 95% CI [0.11, 0.31]), and significant (p = 0.046) for resistance exercise (ES = 0.43, 95% CI [- 0.07, 0.94]. Aerobic exercise alone did not improve pain. For depression, 28 interventions (n = 3377; 63 ± 7.0 years; 69% female), revealed a significant effect on reducing depressive symptoms (ES = 0.29, 95% CI [0.08, 0.49], p < 0.001). Effect sizes were significant for movement meditation (ES = 0.30; 95% CI [0.06, 0.55], p = 0.008) and multimodal interventions (ES = 0.12; 95% CI [0.07, 0.18], p < 0.001). Resistance/aerobic exercise or therapy alone did not improve depressive symptoms. Mind-body approaches were more effective than aerobic/resistance exercise or therapy alone for reducing pain and depression in people with osteoarthritis.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022338051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Burley
- UNSW Medicine & Health Lifestyle Clinic, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anne-Nicole Casey
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kemi E Wright
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda J Parmenter
- UNSW Medicine & Health Lifestyle Clinic, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Rust C, Malan-Muller S, van den Heuvel LL, Tonge D, Seedat S, Pretorius E, Hemmings SMJ. Platelets bridging the gap between gut dysbiosis and neuroinflammation in stress-linked disorders: A narrative review. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578155. [PMID: 37523892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine the association between gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and stress-linked disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and investigate whether tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and platelets play a role in this association. The mechanisms underlying the aetiology of stress-linked disorders are complex and not yet completely understood. However, a potential link between chronic inflammation and these disorders may potentially be found in TRP metabolism and platelets. By critically analysing existing literature on platelets, the gut microbiome, and stress-linked disorders, we hope to elicit the role of platelets in mediating the effects on serotonin (5-HT) levels and neuroinflammation. We have included studies specifically investigating platelets and TRP metabolism in relation to inflammation, neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Alteration in microbial composition due to stress could contribute to increased intestinal permeability, facilitating the translocation of microbial products, and triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This causes platelets to become hyperactive and secrete 5-HT into the plasma. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may also lead to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing inflammatory mediators entry into the brain, affecting the balance of TRP metabolism products, such as 5-HT, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN). These alterations may contribute to neuroinflammation and possible neurological damage. Furthermore, platelets can cross the compromised BBB and interact with astrocytes and neurons, leading to the secretion of 5-HT and pro-inflammatory factors, exacerbating inflammatory conditions in the brain. The mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation resulting from peripheral inflammation are still unclear, but the connection between the brain and gut through the bloodstream could be significant. Identifying peripheral biomarkers and mechanisms in the plasma that reflect neuroinflammation may be important. This review serves as a foundation for further research on the association between the gut microbiome, blood microbiome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The integration of these findings with protein and metabolite markers in the blood may expand our understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlien Rust
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, ST5 5BG Newcastle, England, UK
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
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Palmer SJ. The gut microbiome: the origin of disease? Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:440-444. [PMID: 37638752 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.9.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome in humans is considered a 'virtual organ'. They play an important part in pathophysiological and physiological processes, and regulate host homeostasis. Changes to their delicate composition can have a damaging effect on their hosts. In this article, Sarah Jane Palmer details how these microorganisms impact the human body and how they can be well-regulated.
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Wilson C, Gattuso JJ, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and environmental moderators in preclinical models of compulsive-like behaviours. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106223. [PMID: 37423502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) is an emergent class of psychiatric illnesses that contributes substantially to the global mental health disease burden. In particular, the prototypical illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has a profoundly deleterious effect on the quality of life of those with lived experience. Both clinical and preclinical studies have investigated the genetic and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics of OCD, along with the critical role of common environmental triggers (e.g., stress). Some of this progress can be attributed to the sophistication of rodent models used in the field, particularly genetic mutant models, which demonstrate promising construct, face, and predictive validity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating how these genetic and environmental influences interact to precipitate the behavioural, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in OCD. In this review, we assert that preclinical studies offer a unique opportunity to carefully manipulate environmental and genetic factors, and in turn to interrogate gene-environment interactions and relevant downstream sequelae. Such studies may serve to provide a mechanistic framework to build our understanding of the pathogenesis of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD. Furthermore, understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms will facilitate precision medicine and other future approaches to enhance treatment, reduce side-effects of therapeutic interventions, and improve the lives of those suffering from these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Wilson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James J Gattuso
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Gryksa K, Schmidtner AK, Masís-Calvo M, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Havasi A, Wirobski G, Maloumby R, Jägle H, Bosch OJ, Slattery DA, Neumann ID. Selective breeding of rats for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour: A unique model for comorbid depression and social dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105292. [PMID: 37353047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of selective breeding for extremes in emotionality are a strong experimental approach to model psychopathologies. They became indispensable in order to increase our understanding of neurobiological, genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental mechanisms contributing to anxiety disorders and their association with depressive symptoms or social deficits. In the present review, we extensively discuss Wistar rats selectively bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus-maze. After 30 years of breeding, we can confirm the prominent differences between HAB and LAB rats in trait anxiety, which are accompanied by consistent differences in depressive-like, social and cognitive behaviours. We can further confirm a single nucleotide polymorphism in the vasopressin promotor of HAB rats causative for neuropeptide overexpression, and show that low (or high) anxiety and fear levels are unlikely due to visual dysfunctions. Thus, HAB and LAB rats continue to exist as a reliable tool to study the multiple facets underlying the pathology of high trait anxiety and its comorbidity with depression-like behaviour and social dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gryksa
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna K Schmidtner
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marianella Masís-Calvo
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Odir A Rodríguez-Villagra
- Centro de Investigación en Neurosciencias, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gwendolyn Wirobski
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rodrigue Maloumby
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Jägle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Santangelo A, Corsello A, Spolidoro GCI, Trovato CM, Agostoni C, Orsini A, Milani GP, Peroni DG. The Influence of Ketogenic Diet on Gut Microbiota: Potential Benefits, Risks and Indications. Nutrients 2023; 15:3680. [PMID: 37686712 PMCID: PMC10489661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) restricts carbohydrate consumption, leading to an increase in ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, which are utilized as energy substrates. This dietary approach impacts several biochemical processes, resulting in improved clinical management of various disorders, particularly in childhood. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the efficacy of KD remain unclear. Interestingly, KD may also impact the gut microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in metabolism, nutrition, and the development of the immune and nervous systems. KD has gained popularity for its potential benefits in weight loss, blood sugar control, and certain neurological conditions. This narrative review sums up KD-related studies published over 30 years. While short-term studies have provided valuable insights into the effects of KD on the gut microbiota, persistent uncertainties surround its long-term efficacy and potential for inducing dysbiosis. The significant influence of KD on epigenetic mechanisms, intracellular pathways, and gut microbial composition underscores its potential as a therapeutic choice. However, a judicious consideration of the potential risks associated with the strict adherence to a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, and high-protein regimen over prolonged periods is imperative. As KDs gain popularity among the adolescent and young adult demographic for weight management, it becomes imperative to undertake additional research to comprehensively assess their impact on nutritional status and gut microbiota, ensuring a holistic and sustainable approach to medical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santangelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.C.I.S.); (C.A.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.O.); (D.G.P.)
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Pandey S, Avuthu N, Guda C. StrainIQ: A Novel n-Gram-Based Method for Taxonomic Profiling of Human Microbiota at the Strain Level. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1647. [PMID: 37628698 PMCID: PMC10454763 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has greatly influenced microbiome research and led to the development of novel bioinformatics tools to deeply analyze metagenomics datasets. Identifying strain-level variations in microbial communities is important to understanding the onset and progression of diseases, host-pathogen interrelationships, and drug resistance, in addition to designing new therapeutic regimens. In this study, we developed a novel tool called StrainIQ (strain identification and quantification) based on a new n-gram-based (series of n number of adjacent nucleotides in the DNA sequence) algorithm for predicting and quantifying strain-level taxa from whole-genome metagenomic sequencing data. We thoroughly evaluated our method using simulated and mock metagenomic datasets and compared its performance with existing methods. On average, it showed 85.8% sensitivity and 78.2% specificity on simulated datasets. It also showed higher specificity and sensitivity using n-gram models built from reduced reference genomes and on models with lower coverage sequencing data. It outperforms alternative approaches in genus- and strain-level prediction and strain abundance estimation. Overall, the results show that StrainIQ achieves high accuracy by implementing customized model-building and is an efficient tool for site-specific microbial community profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Kulyar MFEA, Zou W, Lu S, Loon KS, Akhtar M, Ihsan A, Nawaz S, Ahmed AE, Abdelrahman M, Wu Y, Iqbal M, Li K. Editorial: Interaction between food homologous plants and intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1230234. [PMID: 37645228 PMCID: PMC10461622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1230234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kyein San Loon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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76
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Woodward DJ, Thorp JG, Akosile W, Ong JS, Gamazon ER, Derks EM, Gerring ZF. Identification of drug repurposing candidates for the treatment of anxiety: A genetic approach. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115343. [PMID: 37473490 PMCID: PMC10493169 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a group of prevalent and heritable neuropsychiatric diseases. We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) which identified genomic loci associated with anxiety; however, the biological consequences underlying the genetic associations are largely unknown. Integrating GWAS and functional genomic data may improve our understanding of the genetic effects on intermediate molecular phenotypes such as gene expression. This can provide an opportunity for the discovery of drug targets for anxiety via drug repurposing. We used the GWAS summary statistics to determine putative causal genes for anxiety using MAGMA and colocalization analyses. A transcriptome-wide association study was conducted to identify genes with differential genetically regulated levels of gene expression in human brain tissue. The genes were integrated with a large drug-gene expression database (Connectivity Map), discovering compounds that are predicted to "normalise" anxiety-associated expression changes. The study identified 64 putative causal genes associated with anxiety (35 genes upregulated; 29 genes downregulated). Drug mechanisms adrenergic receptor agonists, sigma receptor agonists, and glutamate receptor agonists gene targets were enriched in anxiety-associated genetic signal and exhibited an opposing effect on the anxiety-associated gene expression signature. The significance of the project demonstrated genetic links for novel drug candidates to potentially advance anxiety therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Woodward
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jackson G Thorp
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Wole Akosile
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eske M Derks
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Zachary F Gerring
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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77
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Rimti FH, Shahbaz R, Bhatt K, Xiang A. A review of new insights into existing major depressive disorder biomarkers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18909. [PMID: 37664743 PMCID: PMC10469054 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As major depressive disorder (MDD) is such a diverse condition, there are currently no clear ways for determining its severity, endophenotype, or therapy response. The distinctive nature of depression, the variability of analysis in literature and the large number of conceptually complicated biomarkers are some of the many reasons for the lack of progress. Markers are involved in the process of neurotrophic, metabolic, and inflammation as well as neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems' components. Some clinical indicators are strong enough so that can be measured using assessments of proteomic, genetic, metabolomics, neuroimaging, epigenetic and transcriptomic. Markers of oxidative stress, endocrine, inflammatory, proteomic, and growth indicators are currently among the promising biologic systems/markers identified in this analysis. This narrative review examines succinct studies which investigated cytokines of inflammatory factors, peripheral factors of development, metabolic and endocrine markers as pathophysiological biomarkers of MDD, and treatment responses. Endocrine and metabolic alterations have also been linked to MDD in various studies. So, this study summarizes all of the numerous biomarkers that are significant in the detection or treatment of MDD patients. The paper also provides an overview of various biomarkers which are important for the regulation and its effects on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kunj Bhatt
- McMaster University, Ontario, 00000, Canada
| | - Alex Xiang
- McMaster University, Ontario, 00000, Canada
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Bistas KG, Tabet JP. The Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Mental Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e43217. [PMID: 37692658 PMCID: PMC10490379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In individuals with depression and anxiety, the composition or alteration of their gut microbiota can significantly affect their psychological symptoms. Articles for this study were selected using PubMed and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) with the following search terms: "gut microbiota," "depression," "anxiety," "probiotics," and "prebiotics." These studies evaluated the composition of the gut microbiota and the decrease in symptoms of depression and anxiety due to treatment with probiotics and prebiotics. Only papers published after 2015 were included. There was a significant relationship between the composition and alteration of the gut microbiota and the presence or variation of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics improved the symptoms of these mental health conditions. This literature review examines how different prebiotics and probiotics affect mental health and how altering individuals' gut microbiota correlates with depression and anxiety. Treatment with probiotics or prebiotics may decrease the severity of these mental disorders by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlyle G Bistas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA
| | - Jean Paul Tabet
- School of Medicine, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, KNA
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79
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Bendriss G, MacDonald R, McVeigh C. Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut-Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11978. [PMID: 37569349 PMCID: PMC10419219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial composition, has been associated with various health conditions, including mental health disorders, autism, and inflammatory diseases. While the exact mechanisms underlying OCD remain unclear, this review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting a potential link between dysbiosis and the multifaceted etiology of OCD, interacting with genetic, neurobiological, immunological, and environmental factors. This review highlights the emerging evidence implicating the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of OCD and its potential as a target for novel therapeutic approaches. We propose a model that positions dysbiosis as the central unifying element in the neurochemical, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors leading to OCD. The potential and challenges of microbial reprogramming strategies, such as probiotics and fecal transplants in OCD therapeutics, are discussed. This review raises awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay between the gut and the brain to develop interventions that account for the multifaceted nature of OCD and contribute to the advancement of more personalized approaches.
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80
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Lu X, Fan Y, Peng Y, Pan W, Du D, Xu X, Li N, He T, Nie J, Shi P, Ge F, Liu D, Chen Y, Guan X. Gegen-Qinlian decoction alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in methamphetamine-withdrawn mice by regulating Akkermansia and metabolism in the colon. Chin Med 2023; 18:85. [PMID: 37455317 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a prominent withdrawal symptom of methamphetamine (Meth) addiction. Recently, the gut microbiota has been regarded as a promising target for modulating anxiety. Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine applied in interventions of various gut disorders by balancing the gut microbiome. We aim to investigate whether GQD could alleviate Meth withdrawal anxiety through balancing gut microbiota and gut microenvironment. METHODS Meth withdrawal anxiety models were established in mice. GQD were intragastric administrated into Meth-withdrawn mice and controls. Gut permeability and inflammatory status were examined in mice. Germ-free (GF) and antibiotics-treated (Abx) mice were used to evaluate the role of gut bacteria in withdrawal anxiety. Gut microbiota was profiled with 16s rRNA sequencing in feces. Metabolomics in colon tissue and in Akkermansia culture medium were performed. RESULTS Meth withdrawal enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in wild-type mice, and altered gut permeability, and inflammatory status, while GQD treatment during the withdrawal period efficiently alleviated anxiety-like behaviors and improved gut microenvironment. Next, we found Germ-free (GF) and antibiotics-treated (Abx) mice did not develop anxiety-like behaviors by Meth withdrawal, indicating the essential role of gut bacteria in Meth withdrawal induced anxiety. Then, it was observed that gut microbiota was greatly affected in Meth-withdrawn mice, especially the reduction in Akkermansia. GQD can rescue the gut microbiota and reverse Akkermansia abundance in Meth-withdrawn mice. Meanwhile, GQD can also restore the Meth-impaired Akkermansia growth in vitro. Further, GQD restored several common metabolite levels both in colon in vivo and in Akkermansia in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a novel effect of GQD on Meth withdrawal anxiety and identified its pharmacological target axis as "Akkermansia-Akkermansia metabolites-gut metabolites-gut microenvironment". Our findings indicated that targeting gut bacteria with TCM, such as GQD, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for addiction and related withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaqin Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weichao Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Demin Du
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nanqin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Teng He
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxun Nie
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengbo Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dekang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Singh SV, Ganguly R, Jaiswal K, Yadav AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4458-4476. [PMID: 37469740 PMCID: PMC10353503 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i19.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients. Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors, such as microbiota population and diversity, microbial metabolites, dietary uptake, and psychological abnormalities. Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germ-free animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology. Additionally, neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions, where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS. It regulates GI motility, pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity. In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA, more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS. In this review, we have summarized the gut microbial composition, interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators, available therapeutics, and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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82
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Grilli M, Zaed I. Editorial: Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of anxiety. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1241279. [PMID: 37465365 PMCID: PMC10351982 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1241279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ismail Zaed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of South Switzerland, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
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83
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Wijenayake S, Martz J, Lapp HE, Storm JA, Champagne FA, Kentner AC. The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense! Horm Behav 2023; 153:105375. [PMID: 37269591 PMCID: PMC10351876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked to altered developmental trajectories in offspring. Perinatal stress also induces changes in lactogenesis, milk volume, maternal care, and the nutritive and non-nutritive components of milk, affecting short and long-term developmental outcomes in offspring. For instance, selective early life stressors shape the contents of milk, including macro/micronutrients, immune components, microbiota, enzymes, hormones, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and milk microRNAs. In this review, we highlight the contributions of parental lactation to offspring development by examining changes in the composition of breast milk in response to three well-characterized maternal stressors: nutritive stress, immune stress, and psychological stress. We discuss recent findings in human, animal, and in vitro models, their clinical relevance, study limitations, and potential therapeutic significance to improving human health and infant survival. We also discuss the benefits of enrichment methods and support tools that can be used to improve milk quality and volume as well as related developmental outcomes in offspring. Lastly, we use evidence-based primary literature to convey that even though select maternal stressors may modulate lactation biology (by influencing milk composition) depending on the severity and length of exposure, exclusive and/or prolonged milk feeding may attenuate the negative in utero effects of early life stressors and promote healthy developmental trajectories. Overall, scientific evidence supports lactation to be protective against nutritive and immune stressors, but the benefits of lactation in response to psychological stressors need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasmyne A Storm
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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Alouani S, Alouani S, Ben Haouala A, Mhalla A, Marzougui A, Gaha L, Amamou B. Eating disorder and anxiety during Covid19 pandemic: the Maghrebian experience. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2007-2019. [PMID: 35535952 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2073375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is considered the worst-hit that the world had witnessed in the current century. The impact of the pandemic, especially during the lockdown, was not only diverse but also worldwide. The African continent, including the Maghreb, was no exception. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety and eating behaviors and their correlations in three Maghrebian countries following the official outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional study of 754 participants from Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. It took place between 30 April and 2 July 2020. The survey showed that eating disorders represented 45.9% of the sample while 26.8% (202 participants) matched the anxiety criteria. Statistical significant factors for eating disorders were gender (p = 0.002; OR = 1.760), underweight (p = 0.021; OR = 0.306), anxiety (p = 0.001; OR = 0.470), bulimia (p = 0.000; OR = 0.794) and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.000; OR = 0.920). This rise goes along with other surveys in different parts of the world. These results can be explained by multiple reasons such as the 'food insecurity' mechanism, the excessive feeling of boredom and loneliness resulting from social distancing and the overwhelming overthinking about the onset of a serious economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Alouani
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sondess Alouani
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amjed Ben Haouala
- Department of Psychiatry,Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mhalla
- Department of Psychiatry,Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Marzougui
- Faculty of dental medicine, University Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry,Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Badii Amamou
- Department of Psychiatry,Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Cho S, Samuel TM, Li T, Howell BR, Baluyot K, Hazlett HC, Elison JT, Zhu H, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Lin W. Interactions between Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and human milk oligosaccharides and their associations with infant cognition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216327. [PMID: 37457984 PMCID: PMC10345227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While ample research on independent associations between infant cognition and gut microbiota composition and human milk (HM) oligosaccharides (HMOs) has been reported, studies on how the interactions between gut microbiota and HMOs may yield associations with cognitive development in infancy are lacking. We aimed to determine how HMOs and species of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera interact with each other and their associations with cognitive development in typically developing infants. A total of 105 mother-infant dyads were included in this study. The enrolled infants [2.9-12 months old (8.09 ± 2.48)] were at least predominantly breastfed at 4 months old. A total of 170 HM samples from the mothers and fecal samples of the children were collected longitudinally. Using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to assess cognition and the scores as the outcomes, linear mixed effects models including both the levels of eight HMOs and relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as main associations and their interactions were employed with adjusting covariates; infant sex, delivery mode, maternal education, site, and batch effects of HMOs. Additionally, regression models stratifying infants based on the A-tetrasaccharide (A-tetra) status of the HM they received were also employed to determine if the associations depend on the A-tetra status. With Bacteroides species, we observed significant associations with motor functions, while Bif. catenulatum showed a negative association with visual reception in the detectable A-tetra group both as main effect (value of p = 0.012) and in interaction with LNFP-I (value of p = 0.007). Additionally, 3-FL showed a positive association with gross motor (p = 0.027) and visual reception (p = 0.041). Furthermore, significant associations were observed with the interaction terms mainly in the undetectable A-tetra group. Specifically, we observed negative associations for Bifidobacterium species and LNT [breve (p = 0.011) and longum (p = 0.022)], and positive associations for expressive language with 3'-SL and Bif. bifidum (p = 0.01), 6'-SL and B. fragilis (p = 0.019), and LNFP-I and Bif. kashiwanohense (p = 0.048), respectively. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota and HMOs are both independently and interactively associated with early cognitive development. In particular, the diverse interactions between HMOs and Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species reveal different candidate pathways through which HMOs, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species potentially interact to impact cognitive development in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tinu M. Samuel
- Nestle Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Tengfei Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brittany R. Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather C. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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86
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Khoury R, Nagy C. Running from stress: a perspective on the potential benefits of exercise-induced small extracellular vesicles for individuals with major depressive disorder. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154872. [PMID: 37398548 PMCID: PMC10309045 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise promotes beneficial effects in the brain including increased synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and regulates neuroinflammation and stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Exercise can have therapeutic effects for numerous brain-related pathologies, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are thought to be mediated through the release of "exerkines" including metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones that communicate between the brain and periphery. While the specific mechanisms underlying the positive effects of aerobic exercise on MDD have not been fully elucidated, the evidence suggests that exercise may exert a direct or indirect influence on the brain via small extracellular vesicles which have been shown to transport signaling molecules including "exerkines" between cells and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). sEVs are released by most cell types, found in numerous biofluids, and capable of crossing the BBB. sEVs have been associated with numerous brain-related functions including neuronal stress response, cell-cell communication, as well as those affected by exercise like synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In addition to known exerkines, they are loaded with other modulatory cargo such as microRNA (miRNA), an epigenetic regulator that regulates gene expression levels. How exercise-induced sEVs mediate exercise dependent improvements in MDD is unknown. Here, we perform a thorough survey of the current literature to elucidate the potential role of sEVs in the context of neurobiological changes seen with exercise and depression by summarizing studies on exercise and MDD, exercise and sEVs, and finally, sEVs as they relate to MDD. Moreover, we describe the links between peripheral sEV levels and their potential for infiltration into the brain. While literature suggests that aerobic exercise is protective against the development of mood disorders, there remains a scarcity of data on the therapeutic effects of exercise. Recent studies have shown that aerobic exercise does not appear to influence sEV size, but rather influence their concentration and cargo. These molecules have been independently implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Taken together, these studies suggest that concentration of sEVs are increased post exercise, and they may contain specifically packaged protective cargo representing a novel therapeutic for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Khoury
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Anand S, Hallsworth JE, Timmis J, Verstraete W, Casadevall A, Ramos JL, Sood U, Kumar R, Hira P, Dogra Rawat C, Kumar A, Lal S, Lal R, Timmis K. Weaponising microbes for peace. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1091-1111. [PMID: 36880421 PMCID: PMC10221547 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much human disadvantage and unmet need in the world, including deficits in basic resources and services considered to be human rights, such as drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, healthy nutrition, access to basic healthcare, and a clean environment. Furthermore, there are substantive asymmetries in the distribution of key resources among peoples. These deficits and asymmetries can lead to local and regional crises among peoples competing for limited resources, which, in turn, can become sources of discontent and conflict. Such conflicts have the potential to escalate into regional wars and even lead to global instability. Ergo: in addition to moral and ethical imperatives to level up, to ensure that all peoples have basic resources and services essential for healthy living and to reduce inequalities, all nations have a self-interest to pursue with determination all available avenues to promote peace through reducing sources of conflicts in the world. Microorganisms and pertinent microbial technologies have unique and exceptional abilities to provide, or contribute to the provision of, basic resources and services that are lacking in many parts of the world, and thereby address key deficits that might constitute sources of conflict. However, the deployment of such technologies to this end is seriously underexploited. Here, we highlight some of the key available and emerging technologies that demand greater consideration and exploitation in endeavours to eliminate unnecessary deprivations, enable healthy lives of all and remove preventable grounds for competition over limited resources that can escalate into conflicts in the world. We exhort central actors: microbiologists, funding agencies and philanthropic organisations, politicians worldwide and international governmental and non-governmental organisations, to engage - in full partnership - with all relevant stakeholders, to 'weaponise' microbes and microbial technologies to fight resource deficits and asymmetries, in particular among the most vulnerable populations, and thereby create humanitarian conditions more conducive to harmony and peace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Anand
- Department of ZoologyDeen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - James Timmis
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Utkarsh Sood
- Department of ZoologyKirori Mal College, University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post‐Graduate Department of ZoologyMagadh UniversityBodh GayaBiharIndia
| | - Princy Hira
- Department of ZoologyMaitreyi College, University of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Abhilash Kumar
- Department of ZoologyRamjas College, University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Sukanya Lal
- PhiXgen Pvt. LtdGurugram, GurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Rup Lal
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of DelhiGovindpuri, Kalkaji, New DelhiIndia
| | - Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 supplementation improves depression-related neurobehavioural and neuroinflammatory changes in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109480. [PMID: 36868402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been closely linked to the onset and progression of several brain-related disorders such as depression. The administration of microbiota-based formulations such as probiotics helps restore healthy gut flora and plays a role in preventing and treating depression-like behavior. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of probiotic supplementation using our recently isolated putative probiotic Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior in male Swiss albino mice. Mice were fed orally with B. breve Bif11 (1 × 1010 CFU and 2 × 1010 CFU) for 21 days before being challenged with a single intraperitoneal LPS injection (0.83 mg/kg). Behavioral, biochemical, histological and molecular analysis were done with an emphasis on inflammatory pathways linked to depression-like behavior. Daily supplementation with B. breve Bif11 for 21 days prevented the onset of depression-like behavior induced by LPS injection, besides reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as matrix metalloproteinase-2, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. It also prevented the decrease of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and neuronal cell viability in the prefrontal cortex of LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, we observed that gut permeability was reduced, there was an improved short-chain fatty acid profile and reduced gut dysbiosis in the LPS mice fed with B. breve Bif11. Similarly, we observed a decrease in behavioural deficits and restoration of gut permeability in chronic mild stress. Together, these results would help in deciphering the role of probiotics in the management of neurological disorders where depression, anxiety and inflammation are prominent clinical features.
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89
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Yang X, Wu Y, Xu X, Gao W, Xie J, Li Z, Zhou X, Feng X. Impact of Repeated Infantile Exposure to Surgery and Anesthesia on Gut Microbiota and Anxiety Behaviors at Age 6-9. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050823. [PMID: 37240993 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Preclinical as well as population studies have connected general anesthesia and surgery with a higher risk of abnormal cognitive development, including emotional development. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in neonatal rodents during the perioperative period has been reported, however, the relevance of this to human children who undergo multiple anesthesia for surgeries is unknown. Given the emerging role of altered gut microbes in propagating anxiety and depression, we sought to study whether repeated infantile exposures to surgery and anesthesia affect gut microbiota and anxiety behaviors later in life. (2) Methods: This is a retrospectively matched cohort study comparing 22 pediatric patients of less than 3 years of age with multiple exposures (≥3) to anesthesia for surgeries and 22 healthy controls with no history of exposure to anesthesia. The parent report version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) was applied to evaluate anxiety in children aged between 6 and 9 years old. Additionally, the gut microbiota profiles of the two groups were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (3) Results: In behavioral tests, the p-SCAS score of obsessive compulsive disorder and social phobia were significantly higher in children with repeated anesthesia exposure relative to the controls. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to panic attacks and agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder, physical injury fears, generalized anxiety disorder, and the total SCAS-P scores. In the control group, 3 children out of 22 were found to have moderately elevated scores, but none of them had abnormally elevated scores. In the multiple-exposure group, 5 children out of 22 obtained moderately elevated scores, while 2 scored as abnormally elevated. However, no statistically significant differences were detected in the number of children with elevated and abnormally elevated scores. The data show that repeated anesthesia and surgical exposures in children led to long-lasting severe gut microbiota dysbiosis. (4) Conclusions: In this preliminary study, our findings demonstrated that early repeated exposures to anesthesia and surgical predisposes children to anxiety as well as long-term gut microbiota dysbiosis. We should confirm these findings in a larger data population size and with detailed analysis. However, the authors cannot confirm an association between the dysbiosis and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuanxian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenzong Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juntao Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zuoqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Martin AJ, Serebrinsky-Duek K, Riquelme E, Saa PA, Garrido D. Microbial interactions and the homeostasis of the gut microbiome: the role of Bifidobacterium. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:17. [PMID: 38046822 PMCID: PMC10688804 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that influence several aspects of our health. This dense microbial community targets almost all dietary polysaccharides and releases multiple metabolites, some of which have physiological effects on the host. A healthy equilibrium between members of the gut microbiota, its microbial diversity, and their metabolites is required for intestinal health, promoting regulatory or anti-inflammatory immune responses. In contrast, the loss of this equilibrium due to antibiotics, low fiber intake, or other conditions results in alterations in gut microbiota composition, a term known as gut dysbiosis. This dysbiosis can be characterized by a reduction in health-associated microorganisms, such as butyrate-producing bacteria, enrichment of a small number of opportunistic pathogens, or a reduction in microbial diversity. Bifidobacterium species are key species in the gut microbiome, serving as primary degraders and contributing to a balanced gut environment in various ways. Colonization resistance is a fundamental property of gut microbiota for the prevention and control of infections. This community competes strongly with foreign microorganisms, such as gastrointestinal pathogens, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, or even probiotics. Resistance to colonization is based on microbial interactions such as metabolic cross-feeding, competition for nutrients, or antimicrobial-based inhibition. These interactions are mediated by metabolites and metabolic pathways, representing the inner workings of the gut microbiota, and play a protective role through colonization resistance. This review presents a rationale for how microbial interactions provide resistance to colonization and gut dysbiosis, highlighting the protective role of Bifidobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J.M. Martin
- Laboratorio de Redes Biológicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8580702, Chile
| | - Kineret Serebrinsky-Duek
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 833115, Chile
| | - Erick Riquelme
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Pedro A. Saa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 833115, Chile
- Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 833115, Chile
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Teoh SH, Balan SS, Shariff H, Kumar J, Bahari H, Embong H. Dietary Polyphenols as a Protection against Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Animal Experiments; Mechanisms and Limitations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051054. [PMID: 37237920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive impairments may result from various factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, impaired neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition, and gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, dietary polyphenol intake in a recommended dosage has been suggested to reverse cognitive dysfunction via various pathways. However, excessive intake of polyphenols could trigger unwanted adverse effects. Thus, this review aims to outline possible causes of cognitive impairments and how polyphenols alleviate memory loss via various pathways based on in vivo experimental studies. Thus, to identify potentially relevant articles, the keywords (1) nutritional polyphenol intervention NOT medicine AND neuron growth OR (2) dietary polyphenol AND neurogenesis AND memory impairment OR (3) polyphenol AND neuron regeneration AND memory deterioration (Boolean operators) were used in the Nature, PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley online libraries. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 research papers were selected to be further reviewed. The outcome of all the studies included supports the statement of appropriate dosage by taking into consideration gender differences, underlying conditions, lifestyle, and causative factors for cognitive decline, which will significantly boost memory power. Therefore, this review recapitulates the possible causes of cognitive decline, the mechanism of polyphenols involving various signaling pathways in modulating the memory, gut dysbiosis, endogenous antioxidants, bioavailability, dosage, and safety efficacy of polyphenols. Hence, this review is expected to provide a basic understanding of therapeutic development for cognitive impairments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Halim Shariff
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UITM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Toh MPS, Yang CY, Lim PC, Loh HLJ, Bergonzelli G, Lavalle L, Mardhy E, Samuel TM, Suniega-Tolentino E, Silva Zolezzi I, Fries LR, Chan SY. A Probiotic Intervention With Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 on Perinatal Mood Outcomes (PROMOTE Study): Protocol for a Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41751. [PMID: 37018024 PMCID: PMC10131660 DOI: 10.2196/41751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal mood disorders such as depression and anxiety are common, with subclinical symptomology manifesting as perinatal mood disturbances being even more prevalent. These could potentially affect breastfeeding practices and infant development. Pregnant and lactating women usually limit their exposure to medications, including those for psychological symptoms. Interestingly, the naturally occurring probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (BL) NCC3001 has been shown to reduce anxious behavior in preclinical models and feelings of low mood in nonpregnant human adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health issues increased, and conventionally conducted clinical trials were restricted by social distancing regulations. OBJECTIVE This study, Probiotics on Mothers' Mood and Stress (PROMOTE), aimed to use a decentralized clinical trial design to test whether BL NCC3001 can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress over the perinatal period. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and 3-parallel-arm study aimed to recruit 180 women to evaluate the efficacy of the probiotic taken either during pregnancy and post partum (from 28-32 weeks' gestation until 12 weeks after delivery; n=60, 33.3%) or post partum only (from birth until 12 weeks after delivery; n=60, 33.3%) in comparison with a placebo control group (n=60, 33.3%). Participants consumed the probiotic or matched placebo in a drink once daily. Mood outcomes were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaires, captured electronically at baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation) and during e-study sessions over 5 further time points (36 weeks' gestation; 9 days post partum; and 4, 8, and 12 weeks post partum). Saliva and stool samples were collected longitudinally at home to provide mechanistic insights. RESULTS In total, 520 women registered their interest on our website, of whom 184 (35.4%) were eligible and randomized. Of these 184 participants, 5 (2.7%) withdrew after randomization, leaving 179 (97.3%) who completed the study. Recruitment occurred between November 7, 2020, and August 20, 2021. Advertising on social media brought in 46.9% (244/520) of the prospective participants, followed by parenting-specific websites (116/520, 22.3%). Nationwide recruitment was achieved. Data processing is ongoing, and there are no outcomes to report yet. CONCLUSIONS Multiple converging factors contributed to speedy recruitment and retention of participants despite COVID-19-related restrictions. This decentralized trial design sets a precedent for similar studies, in addition to potentially providing novel evidence on the impact of BL NCC3001 on symptoms of perinatal mood disturbances. This study was ideal for remote conduct: because of the high digital literacy and public trust in digital security in Singapore, the intervention could be self-administered without regular clinical monitoring, and the eligibility criteria and outcomes were measured using electronic questionnaires and self-collected biological samples. This design was particularly suited for a group considered vulnerable-pregnant women-during the challenging times of COVID-19-related social restrictions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04685252; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04685252. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P S Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Yuen Yang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phei Cze Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Li J Loh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Luca Lavalle
- Nestle Research, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elias Mardhy
- Nestle Research, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Shiao Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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94
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Hadaya L, Dimitrakopoulou K, Vanes LD, Kanel D, Fenn-Moltu S, Gale-Grant O, Counsell SJ, Edwards AD, Saqi M, Batalle D, Nosarti C. Parsing brain-behavior heterogeneity in very preterm born children using integrated similarity networks. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:108. [PMID: 37012252 PMCID: PMC10070645 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Very preterm birth (VPT; ≤32 weeks' gestation) is associated with altered brain development and cognitive and behavioral difficulties across the lifespan. However, heterogeneity in outcomes among individuals born VPT makes it challenging to identify those most vulnerable to neurodevelopmental sequelae. Here, we aimed to stratify VPT children into distinct behavioral subgroups and explore between-subgroup differences in neonatal brain structure and function. 198 VPT children (98 females) previously enrolled in the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging Study (EudraCT 2009-011602-42) underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging at term-equivalent age and neuropsychological assessments at 4-7 years. Using an integrative clustering approach, we combined neonatal socio-demographic, clinical factors and childhood socio-emotional and executive function outcomes, to identify distinct subgroups of children based on their similarity profiles in a multidimensional space. We characterized resultant subgroups using domain-specific outcomes (temperament, psychopathology, IQ and cognitively stimulating home environment) and explored between-subgroup differences in neonatal brain volumes (voxel-wise Tensor-Based-Morphometry), functional connectivity (voxel-wise degree centrality) and structural connectivity (Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics). Results showed two- and three-cluster data-driven solutions. The two-cluster solution comprised a 'resilient' subgroup (lower psychopathology and higher IQ, executive function and socio-emotional scores) and an 'at-risk' subgroup (poorer behavioral and cognitive outcomes). No neuroimaging differences between the resilient and at-risk subgroups were found. The three-cluster solution showed an additional third 'intermediate' subgroup, displaying behavioral and cognitive outcomes intermediate between the resilient and at-risk subgroups. The resilient subgroup had the most cognitively stimulating home environment and the at-risk subgroup showed the highest neonatal clinical risk, while the intermediate subgroup showed the lowest clinical, but the highest socio-demographic risk. Compared to the intermediate subgroup, the resilient subgroup displayed larger neonatal insular and orbitofrontal volumes and stronger orbitofrontal functional connectivity, while the at-risk group showed widespread white matter microstructural alterations. These findings suggest that risk stratification following VPT birth is feasible and could be used translationally to guide personalized interventions aimed at promoting children's resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantina Dimitrakopoulou
- Translational Bioinformatics Platform, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy D Vanes
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dana Kanel
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sunniva Fenn-Moltu
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Gale-Grant
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mansoor Saqi
- Translational Bioinformatics Platform, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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95
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Pallanti S, Di Ponzio M. PANDAS/PANS in the COVID-19 Age: Autoimmunity and Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation as Trigger Agents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:648. [PMID: 37189896 PMCID: PMC10136983 DOI: 10.3390/children10040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 impacted the entire world's population, frequently resulting in long-lasting neuropsychiatric complications. Furthermore, social distancing, lockdowns and fear for one's personal health worsen individual psychological wellbeing, especially in children and adolescents. Herein, we discuss the results of studies that specifically reported data about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or infection on children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Disorders (PANS). Furthermore, we present the cases of five adolescents with PANS whose symptomatology increased following SARS-CoV-2 infection. What emerged from this study was that COVID-19 resulted in the exacerbation of obsessions, tics, anxiety and mood symptoms and decreased wellbeing. Moreover, new symptoms, as well as new PANS cases, are reported to have arisen after COVID-19 infection. Here, we hypothesize that the pathogenic mechanisms of silent viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, are related to neuroinflammation, immune responses and reactivation, with additional roles played by social-isolation-related inflammatory processes. The discussion of PANS, which represents a model of immune-mediated neuropsychiatric manifestations, is particularly relevant, with the aim of uncovering the mechanisms that lead to neuropsychiatric Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). Prospects for future studies and treatment implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michele Di Ponzio
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Studies, Institute of Neurosciences, 50121 Florence, Italy
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96
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Kaikai NE, Ba-M Hamed S, Slimani A, Dilagui I, Hanchi AL, Soraa N, Mezrioui NE, Bennis M, Ghanima A. Chronic exposure to metam sodium-based pesticide in mice during adulthood elevated anxiety and depression-like behaviors: Involvement of serotoninergic depletion and gut microbiota dysbiosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104066. [PMID: 36640922 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metam sodium-based pesticide (MS-BP) is widely used in agriculture and public health. We have previously demonstrated that maternal exposure to MS-BP resulted in sensorimotor alterations in mice offspring with long-lasting deficits including anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Here, we project to verify whether these two neurobehavioral effects occur during adulthood following direct exposure to MS-BP and whether it results in changes in the serotoninergic system and gut microbiota. Our findings showed that chronic exposure to MS-BP increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, accompanied by a depletion of serotonin-like neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus and a reduction in serotoninergic terminals in the infralimbic cortex and the basolateral amygdala. In addition, all MS-BP-exposed animals exhibited a reduced total bacterial number and diversity of gut microbiota. Taken together, our data demonstrated that MS-BP-induced behavioral changes could be related to the impairment of the serotoninergic system and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Eddine Kaikai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakesh, Morocco; Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development and Health. Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ba-M Hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Aiman Slimani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ilham Dilagui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Center Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Asmae Lamrani Hanchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Center Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nabila Soraa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Center Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nour-Eddine Mezrioui
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abderrazzak Ghanima
- Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development and Health. Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Marrakesh, Morocco.
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97
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Garvey M. The Association between Dysbiosis and Neurological Conditions Often Manifesting with Chronic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030748. [PMID: 36979726 PMCID: PMC10045203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurological conditions which manifest with chronic pain is increasing globally, where the World Health Organisation has now classified chronic pain as a risk factor for death by suicide. While many chronic pain conditions have a definitive underlying aetiology, non-somatic conditions represent difficult-to-diagnose and difficult-to-treat public health issues. The interaction of the immune system and nervous system has become an important area in understanding the occurrence of neuroinflammation, nociception, peripheral and central sensitisation seen in chronic pain. More recently, however, the role of the resident microbial species in the human gastrointestinal tract has become evident. Dysbiosis, an alteration in the microbial species present in favour of non-beneficial and pathogenic species has emerged as important in many chronic pain conditions, including functional somatic syndromes, autoimmune disease and neurological diseases. In particular, a decreased abundance of small chain fatty acid, e.g., butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Firmicutes and some Bacteroides spp., is frequently evident in morbidities associated with long-term pain. Microbes involved in the production of neurotransmitters serotonin, GABA, glutamate and dopamine, which mediate the gut-brain, axis are also important. This review outlines the dysbiosis present in many disease states manifesting with chronic pain, where an overlap in morbidities is also frequently present in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; ; Tel.: +353-071-9305529
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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98
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Tiwari P, Dwivedi R, Bansal M, Tripathi M, Dada R. Role of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Disorders and Its Therapeutic Significance. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1650. [PMID: 36836185 PMCID: PMC9965848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the gut microbiota (GM) are known to play a significant role in the metabolism of nutrients and drugs, immunomodulation, and pathogen defense by inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The role of the GM in the gut-brain axis (GBA) has been documented for different regulatory mechanisms and associated pathways and it shows different behaviors with individualized bacteria. In addition, the GM are known as susceptibility factor for neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), regulating disease progression and being amenable to intervention. Bidirectional transmission between the brain and the GM occurs in the GBA, implying that it performs a significant role in neurocrine, endocrine, and immune-mediated signaling pathways. The GM regulates multiple neurological disorders by supplementing them with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantations, and/or antibiotics. A well-balanced diet is critically important for establishing healthy GM, which can alter the enteric nervous system (ENS) and regulate multiple neurological disorders. Here, we have discussed the function of the GM in the GBA from the gut to the brain and the brain to the gut, the pathways associated with neurology that interacts with the GM, and the various neurological disorders associated with the GM. Furthermore, we have highlighted the recent advances and future prospects of the GBA, which may require addressing research concerns about GM and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rekha Dwivedi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manisha Bansal
- Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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99
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Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020487. [PMID: 36838452 PMCID: PMC9964594 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Τhe importance of the gut microbiome and its functions has only recently been recognized and researched in greater depth. The establishment of the human gut microbiome begins in utero, forming its adult-like phenotype in the first 2-3 years of life. Several factors affect and alter the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions, such as early onset of breastfeeding, mode of delivery, antibiotic administration, or exposure to chemical substances, among others. Existing data support the important connection between health status and gut microbiome homeostasis. In cases when this balance is disturbed, several disorders may arise, such as inflammatory reactions that lead to atopy, eczema, or allergic asthma. The so-called gut-brain axis refers to the complex biochemical pathways between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. One of the most fascinating areas of ongoing research is the broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and how gut health may be associated with such disorders. The prevalence of NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, has increased over recent years. Whether gut microbiota homeostasis plays a role in these disorders is not yet fully understood. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an account of current knowledge on how gut health is linked with these disorders. We performed a literature review in order to identify and synthesize available data that highlights the potential association between NDDs and a balanced gut microbiome in terms of composition and proper function. The connection between the gut microbiome and NDDs offers promising new opportunities for future research.
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100
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Dhami M, Raj K, Singh S. Relevance of Gut Microbiota to Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Potential Effects of Probiotic in Management of AD. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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