51
|
Hamza H, Ghosh M, Löffler MW, Rammensee HG, Planz O. Identification and relative abundance of naturally presented and cross-reactive influenza A virus MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2306959. [PMID: 38240239 PMCID: PMC10854457 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2306959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are key for controlling viral infection. Unravelling CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity to distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes across prominent HLA types is relevant for combating seasonal infections and emerging new variants. Using an immunopeptidomics approach, naturally presented influenza A virus-derived ligands restricted to HLA-A*24:02, HLA-A*68:01, HLA-B*07:02, and HLA-B*51:01 molecules were identified. Functional characterization revealed multifunctional memory CD8+ T cell responses for nine out of sixteen peptides. Peptide presentation kinetics was optimal around 12 h post infection and presentation of immunodominant epitopes shortly after infection was not always persistent. Assessment of immunogenic epitopes revealed that they are highly conserved across the major zoonotic reservoirs and may contain a single substitution in the vicinity of the anchor residues. These findings demonstrate how the identified epitopes promote T cell pools, possibly cross-protective in individuals and can be potential targets for vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Hamza
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Virology Laboratory, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus W Löffler
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC2124) "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Planz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhou P, Qiu T, Wang X, Yang X, Shi H, Zhu C, Dai W, Xing M, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhou D. One HA stalk topping multiple heads as a novel influenza vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2290838. [PMID: 38044872 PMCID: PMC10810646 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2290838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Classic chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA) was designed to induce immune responses against the conserved stalk domain of HA. However, it is unclear whether combining more than one HA head domain onto one stalk domain is immunogenic and further induce immune responses against influenza viruses. Here, we constructed numerous novel cHAs comprising two or three fuzed head domains from different subtypes grafted onto one stalk domain, designated as cH1-H3, cH1-H7, cH1-H3-H7, and cH1-H7-H3. The three-dimensional structures of these novel cHAs were modelled using bioinformatics simulations. Structural analysis showed that the intact neutralizing epitopes were exposed in cH1-H7 and were predicted to be immunogenic. The immunogenicity of the cHAs constructs was evaluated in mice using a chimpanzee adenoviral vector (AdC68) vaccine platform. The results demonstrated that cH1-H7 expressed by AdC68 (AdC68-cH1-H7) induced the production of high levels of binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and hemagglutinin inhibition antibodies against homologous pandemic H1N1, drifted seasonal H1N1, and H7N9 virus. Moreover, vaccinated mice were fully protected from a lethal challenge with the aforementioned influenza viruses. Hence, cH1-H7 cHAs with potent immunogenicity might be a potential novel vaccine to provide protection against different subtypes of influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Science, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqian Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Wang Z, Guo L, Yuan C, Zhu C, Li J, Zhong H, Mao P, Li J, Cui L, Dong J, Liu K, Meng X, Zhu G, Wang H. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius induces pyroptosis of canine corneal epithelial cells by activating the ROS-NLRP3 signalling pathway. Virulence 2024; 15:2333271. [PMID: 38515339 PMCID: PMC10984133 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2333271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) is a common pathogen that causes canine corneal ulcers. However, the pathogenesis remained unclear. In this study, it has been demonstrated that S. pseudintermedius invaded canine corneal epithelial cells (CCECs) intracellularly, mediating oxidative damage and pyroptosis by promoting the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The canine corneal stroma was infected with S. pseudintermedius to establish the canine corneal ulcer model in vivo. The intracellular infectious model in CCECs was established in vitro to explore the mechanism of the ROS - NLRP3 signalling pathway during the S. pseudintermedius infection by adding NAC or MCC950. Results showed that the expression of NLRP3 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) proteins increased significantly in the infected corneas (p < 0.01). The intracellular infection of S. pseudintermedius was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescent 3D imaging. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ROS and pyroptosis rates increased in the experimental group in contrast to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, NAC or MCC950 inhibited activation of the ROS - NLRP3 signalling pathway and pyroptosis rate significantly, by suppressing pro-IL-1β, cleaved-IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, and HMGB1 proteins. Thus, the research confirmed that oxidative damage and pyroptosis were involved in the process of CCECs infected with S. pseudintermedius intracellularly by the ROS - NLRP3 signalling pathway. The results enrich the understanding of the mechanisms of canine corneal ulcers and facilitate the development of new medicines and prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changning Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Saleem A, Saleem Bhat S, A. Omonijo F, A Ganai N, M. Ibeagha-Awemu E, Mudasir Ahmad S. Immunotherapy in mastitis: state of knowledge, research gaps and way forward. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-23. [PMID: 38973225 PMCID: PMC11232650 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2363626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammatory condition that affects dairy cow's mammary glands. Traditional treatment approaches with antibiotics are increasingly leading to challenging scenarios such as antimicrobial resistance. In order to mitigate the unwanted side effects of antibiotics, alternative strategies such as those that harness the host immune system response, also known as immunotherapy, have been implemented. Immunotherapy approaches to treat bovine mastitis aims to enhance the cow's immune response against pathogens by promoting pathogen clearance, and facilitating tissue repair. Various studies have demonstrated the potential of immunotherapy for reducing the incidence, duration and severity of mastitis. Nevertheless, majority of reported therapies are lacking in specificity hampering their broad application to treat mastitis. Meanwhile, advancements in mastitis immunotherapy hold great promise for the dairy industry, with potential to provide effective and sustainable alternatives to traditional antibiotic-based approaches. This review synthesizes immunotherapy strategies, their current understanding and potential future perspectives. The future perspectives should focus on the development of precision immunotherapies tailored to address individual pathogens/group of pathogens, development of combination therapies to address antimicrobial resistance, and the integration of nano- and omics technologies. By addressing research gaps, the field of mastitis immunotherapy can make significant strides in the control, treatment and prevention of mastitis, ultimately benefiting both animal and human health/welfare, and environment health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Faith A. Omonijo
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Roser LA, Sakellariou C, Lindstedt M, Neuhaus V, Dehmel S, Sommer C, Raasch M, Flandre T, Roesener S, Hewitt P, Parnham MJ, Sewald K, Schiffmann S. IL-2-mediated hepatotoxicity: knowledge gap identification based on the irAOP concept. J Immunotoxicol 2024; 21:2332177. [PMID: 38578203 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2024.2332177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity constitutes a major reason for non-approval and post-marketing withdrawal of pharmaceuticals. In many cases, preclinical models lack predictive capacity for hepatic damage in humans. A vital concern is the integration of immune system effects in preclinical safety assessment. The immune-related Adverse Outcome Pathway (irAOP) approach, which is applied within the Immune Safety Avatar (imSAVAR) consortium, presents a novel method to understand and predict immune-mediated adverse events elicited by pharmaceuticals and thus targets this issue. It aims to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved and identify key players in drug-induced side effects. As irAOPs are still in their infancy, there is a need for a model irAOP to validate the suitability of this tool. For this purpose, we developed a hepatotoxicity-based model irAOP for recombinant human IL-2 (aldesleukin). Besides producing durable therapeutic responses against renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, the boosted immune activation upon IL-2 treatment elicits liver damage. The availability of extensive data regarding IL-2 allows both the generation of a comprehensive putative irAOP and to validate the predictability of the irAOP with clinical data. Moreover, IL-2, as one of the first cancer immunotherapeutics on the market, is a blueprint for various biological and novel treatment regimens that are under investigation today. This review provides a guideline for further irAOP-directed research in immune-mediated hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise A Roser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Neuhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charline Sommer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thierry Flandre
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sigrid Roesener
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Bayraktutan H, Symonds P, Brentville VA, Moloney C, Galley C, Bennett CL, Mata A, Durrant L, Alexander C, Gurnani P. Sparsely PEGylated poly(beta-amino ester) polyplexes enhance antigen specific T-cell response of a bivalent SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122647. [PMID: 38878479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
DNA technology has emerged as a promising route to accelerated manufacture of sequence agnostic vaccines. For activity, DNA vaccines must be protected and delivered to the correct antigen presenting cells. However, the physicochemical properties of the vector must be carefully tuned to enhance interaction with immune cells and generate sufficient immune response for disease protection. In this study, we have engineered a range of polymer-based nanocarriers based on the poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) polycation platform to investigate the role that surface poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) density has on pDNA encapsulation, formulation properties and gene transfectability both in vitro and in vivo. We achieved this by synthesising a non-PEGylated and PEGylated PBAE and produced formulations containing these PBAEs, and mixed polyplexes to tune surface PEG density. All polymers and co-formulations produced small polyplex nanoparticles with almost complete encapsulation of the cargo in all cases. Despite high gene transfection in HEK293T cells, only the fully PEGylated and mixed formulations displayed significantly higher expression of the reporter gene than the negative control in dendritic cells. Further in vivo studies with a bivalent SARS-CoV-2 pDNA vaccine revealed that only the mixed formulation led to strong antigen specific T-cell responses, however this did not translate into the presence of serum antibodies indicating the need for further studies into improving immunisation with polymer delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Victoria A Brentville
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cara Moloney
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Charlotte Galley
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lindy Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Dong H, Huang D, Zhang J, Xu D, Jiao X, Wang W. Exploring the innate immune system of Urechis unicinctus: Insights from full-length transcriptome analysis. Gene 2024; 928:148784. [PMID: 39047957 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The Echiura worm Urechis unicinctus refers to a common benthic invertebrate found in the intertidal zone of Huanghai as well as Bohai Bay. U. unicinctus is known to contain various physiologically active substances, making it highly valuable in terms of its edibility, medicinal properties, and economic potential. Nonetheless, the limited study on the immune system of U. unicinctus poses difficulties for its aquaculture and artificial reproduction. Marine invertebrates, including shellfish and U. unicinctus, are thought to primarily depend on their innate immune system for disease protection, owing to the severalinnate immune molecules they possess. Herein, we employed PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology to perform the full-length transcriptome analysis of U. unicinctus individuals under five different conditions (room temperature (RT), low temperature (LT), high temperature (HT), without water (DRY), ultraviolet irradiation (UV)). Concequently, we identified 59,371 unigenes that had a 2,779 bp average length, 2,613 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 59,190 coding sequences (CDSs), 35,166 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 1,733 transcription factors (TFs), successfully annotating 90.58 % (53,778) of the unigenes. Subsequently, key factors associated with immune-related processes, such as non-self-recognition, cellular immune defenses, and humoral immune defenses, were searched. Our study also identified pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that included 17 peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), 13 Gram-negative binding proteins (GNBPs), 18 scavenger receptors (SRs), 74 toll-like receptors (TLRs), and 89 C-type lectins (CLTs). Altogether, the high-quality transcriptome obtained data will offer valuable insights for further investigations into U. unicinctus innate immune response, laying the foundation for subsequent molecular biology studies and aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Shandong Blue Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai 261400, China
| | - Xudong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Shandong Blue Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai 261400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yao L, Xia Z, Tang P, Deng J, Hao E, Du Z, Jia F, Wang X, Li Z, Fan L, Hou X. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, edible uses, and quality control of Lablab semen Album: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118507. [PMID: 38945467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lablab Semen Album (lablab), the white and dried mature fruit of Lablab purpureus in the Lablab genus of the Fabaceae family, is a renowned traditional medicinal herb with a long history of use in China. In Chinese medicine, lablab is often combined with other drugs to treat conditions such as weak spleen and stomach, loss of appetite, loose stools, excessive leucorrhoea, summer dampness and diarrhea, chest tightness, and abdominal distension. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive information on lablab was gathered from databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and ancient materia medica. RESULTS Lablab, a member of the lentil family, thrives in warm and humid climates, and is distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Traditionally, lablab is used to treat various ailments, such as spleen and stomach weakness, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. Phytochemical analyses reveal that lablab is a rich source of triterpenoid saponins, glucosides, volatile components, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Lablab extracts exhibit diverse biological activities, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitumoral, antiviral properties, and more. Besides its medicinal applications, lablab is extensively used in the food industry due to its high nutrient content. Additionally, the quality of lablab can be regulated by determining the levels of key chemical components pivotal to its medicinal effects, ensuring the herb's overall quality. CONCLUSION Lablab is a promising medicinal and edible plant ingredient with diverse pharmacological effects, making it a valuable ingredient for food, pharmaceuticals, and animal husbandry. However, it has inherent toxicity if not properly prepared. Additionally, some traditional uses and pharmacological activities lack scientific validation due to incomplete methods, unclear results, and insufficient clinical data. Thus, further in vivo and in vitro studies on its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, along with clinical efficacy evaluations, are needed to ensure lablab's safety and effectiveness. As an important traditional Chinese medicine, lablab deserves more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhongshang Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Peiling Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Fang Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lili Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Shoaran M, Sabaie H, Mostafavi M, Rezazadeh M. A comprehensive review of the applications of RNA sequencing in celiac disease research. Gene 2024; 927:148681. [PMID: 38871036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has undergone substantial advancements in recent decades and has emerged as a vital technique for profiling the transcriptome. The transition from bulk sequencing to single-cell and spatial approaches has facilitated the achievement of higher precision at cell resolution. It provides valuable biological knowledge about individual immune cells and aids in the discovery of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a strong immune response to gluten consumption. RNA-seq has led to significantly advanced research in multiple fields, particularly in CeD research. It has been instrumental in studies involving comparative transcriptomics, nutritional genomics and wheat research, cancer research in the context of CeD, genetic and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic insights, disease monitoring and biomarker discovery, regulation of mitochondrial functions, therapeutic target identification and drug mechanism of action, dietary factors, immune cell profiling and the immune landscape. This review offers a comprehensive examination of recent RNA-seq technology research in the field of CeD, highlighting future challenges and opportunities for its application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shoaran
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mostafavi
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ke J, Huang S, He Z, Lei S, Lin S, Duan M. Integrated bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation for exploring the key immune checkpoint of COPD. Gene 2024; 927:148711. [PMID: 38906393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating immune inflammation is a key factor in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Immune checkpoints (ICs) are crucial targets for modulating the functional activation and differentiation of immune cells, particularly in relation to immune inflammation and the regulation of T cell activation and exhaustion. However, the precise mechanisms of ICs in COPD remain understood. METHODS COPD datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed using GEO2R and Limma to identify differentially expressed genes. LASSO regression was then applied to screen ICs closely associated with COPD. Finally, target genes were selected based on gene expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO), immune infiltration analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were utilized to assess the relationship between IC genes (ICGs) and immune cells. Subsequently, tobacco-exposed mice, anti-Tim3-treated mice, and HAVCR2-knockout mice were generated, with flow cytometry being used to confirm the results. RESULTS Through the analysis of GSE38974 and LASSO regression, five ICGs were identified. Subsequent validation using GSE20257 and GSE76925 confirmed these findings. Gene expression profiling highlighted HAVCR2 as having the strongest correlation with COPD. Further investigation through immune infiltration analysis, GO, and GSEA indicated a link between HAVCR2 and CD8+ T cells in COPD. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated high Tim3 expression in CD8+ T cells of mice exposed to tobacco, promoting Tc1 and inhibiting Tc17, thus affecting CD8+ Tem activation and CD8+ Tcm formation, leading to an immune imbalance within CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to tobacco upregulates Tim3 in CD8+ T cells, triggering its regulatory effects on Tc1/Tc17. Knocking out HAVCR2 further upregulated the expression of CD8+ Tem while suppressing the expression of CD8+ Tcm, indicating that Tim3 plays a role in the activation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells in the context of tobacco exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ke
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Siyu Lei
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiya Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Minchao Duan
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kafi Z, Masoudi AA, Torshizi RV, Ehsani A. Copy number variations affecting growth curve parameters in a crossbred chicken population. Gene 2024; 927:148710. [PMID: 38901536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are key structural variations in the genome and may contribute to phenotypic differences. In this study, we used a F2 chicken population created from reciprocal crossing between fast-growing Arian broiler line and Urmia native chickens. The chickens were genotyped by 60 K SNP BeadChip, and PennCNV algorithm was used to detect genome-wide CNVs. The growth curve parameters of W0, k, L, Wf, Wi, ti and average GR were used as phenotypic data. The association between CNV and growth curve parameters was carried out using the CNVRanger R/Bioconductor package. Five CNV regions (CNVRs) were chosen for the validation experiment using qPCR. Gene enrichment analysis was done using WebGestalt. The STRING database was used to search for significant pathways. The results identified 966 CNVs and 600 CNVRs including 468 gains, 67 losses, and 65 both events on autosomal chromosomes. Validation of the CNVRs obtained from the qPCR assay were 79 % consistent with the prediction by PennCNV. A total of 43 significant CNVs were obtained for the seven growth curve parameters. The 416 genes annotated for significant CNVs. Six genes out of 416 genes were most related to growth curve parameters. These genes were LCP2, Dock2, CD80, CYFIP1, NIPA1 and NIPA2. Some of these genes in their biological process were associated with the growth, reproduction and development of cells or organs that ultimately lead to the growth of the body. The results of the study could pave the way for better understanding the molecular process of CNVs and growth curve parameters in birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kafi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ehsani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Hu B, Zhang J, Huang J, Luo B, Zeng X, Jia J. NLRP3/1-mediated pyroptosis: beneficial clues for the development of novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2400-2410. [PMID: 38526276 PMCID: PMC11090449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in innate immunity that mediates the inflammatory response leading to pyroptosis, which is a lytic, inflammatory form of cell death. There is accumulating evidence that nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated microglial pyroptosis and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in the brain are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on neuroinflammation. We also describe the structures of NLRP3 and NLRP1 and the role their activation plays in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we examine the neuroprotective activity of small-molecule inhibitors, endogenous inhibitor proteins, microRNAs, and natural bioactive molecules that target NLRP3 and NLRP1, based on the rationale that inhibiting NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis can be an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Rollins-Smith LA. The future of amphibian immunology: Opportunities and challenges. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 160:105237. [PMID: 39103004 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Historically, amphibians have been essential to our understanding of vertebrate biology and animal development. Because development from egg to tadpole to adult frog can be directly observed, amphibians contributed greatly to our understanding of not only vertebrate animal development but also the development of the immune system. The South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) has been key to many of these findings. For example, using Xenopus as a model, the comparative immunology community learned about the contribution of hematopoietic stem cells to development of the immune system and about the diversity of antibodies, B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells. Amphibians offer many advantages as unique potential model systems to address questions about immune skin interactions, host responses to mycobacteria, the diverse functions of interferons, and immune and mucosal interactions. However, there are also many challenges to advance the research including the lack of specific reagents and well annotated genomes of diverse species. While much is known, many important questions remain. The aim of this short commentary is to look to the future of comparative immunology of amphibians as a group. By identifying some important questions or "information-deficit" areas of research, I hope to pique the interest of younger developing scientists and persuade funding agencies to continue to support comparative immunology studies including those of amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Rollins-Smith
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Keem MJ, Jo BG, Lee SH, Kim TY, Jung YS, Jeong EJ, Kim KH, Kim SN, Yang MH. Ameliorative effects of Wikstroemia trichotoma 95% EtOH extract on a mouse model of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118398. [PMID: 38823660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Wikstroemia has been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the management of conditions such as coughs, edema, arthritis, and bronchitis. Studies have indicated that the crude extracts of Wikstroemia exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, anti-aging, skin psoriasis, anti-cancer, and antiviral properties. In addition, these extracts are known to contain bioactive substances, including flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans. However, few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory or anti-allergic activities of Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino against atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to explore the potential of a 95% ethanol extract of W. trichotoma (WTE) on the dysfunction of skin barrier and immune system, which are primary symptoms of AD, in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced SKH-1 hairless mice and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin or immunoglobulin E (IgE) + 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3). Furthermore, we sought to identify the chemical contents of WTE using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro study was conducted using RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with PMA/ionomycin or IgE + DNP-BSA to assess the inhibitory effects of WTE on mast cell degranulation and interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA expression levels. For the in vivo study, AD was induced in SKH-1 hairless mice by applying 1% DNCB to the dorsal skin daily for 7 days. Subsequently, 0.1% DNCB solution was applied on alternate days, and mice were orally administered WTE (at 30 or 100 mg/kg/day) dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) daily for 2 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin pH, and total serum IgE levels were measured. RESULTS In DNCB-stimulated SKH-1 hairless mice, WTE administration significantly improved AD symptoms and ameliorated dorsal skin inflammation. Oral administration of WTE led to a significant decrease in skin thickness, infiltration of mast cells, and level of total serum IgE, thus restoring skin barrier function in the DNCB-induced skin lesions. In addition, WTE inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and reduced IL-4 mRNA levels in RBL-2H3 cells. Chemical profile analysis of WTE confirmed the presence of three phenolic compounds, viz. chlorogenic acid, miconioside B, and matteucinol-7-O-β-apiofuranosyl (1 → 6)-β-glucopyranoside. CONCLUSIONS WTE ameliorates AD symptoms by modulating in the skin barrier and immune system dysfunction. This suggests that W. trichotoma extract may offer therapeutic benefits for managing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Keem
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom-Geun Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Hye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Mekala JR, Nalluri HP, Reddy PN, S B S, N S SK, G V S D SK, Dhiman R, Chamarthy S, Komaragiri RR, Manyam RR, Dirisala VR. Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene 2024; 925:148607. [PMID: 38797505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of malignancies and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially. They have become a significant part of many pharmaceutical product lines, and more than 250 therapeutic mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some of the benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies, which are affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering have helped to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. In the future, mAbs generated by applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) are expected to become a powerful tool in clinical therapeutics. This article describes the methods of mAb production, pre-clinical and clinical development of mAbs, approved indications targeted by mAbs, and novel developments in the field of mAb research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
| | - Hari P Nalluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government College, Visakhapatnam 530013, India
| | - Sainath S B
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524320, AP, India
| | - Sampath Kumar N S
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Sai Kiran G V S D
- Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool 518501, AP, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Raghava Rao Komaragiri
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati Campus, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Feijo LS, Wolfsdorf KE, Canisso IF, Parry S, Felippe MJB. Application of blood parameters for the early diagnosis of natural ascending placentitis in pregnant mares. Theriogenology 2024; 228:37-53. [PMID: 39089073 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Placental infection is an important cause of late-term pregnancy loss and neonatal diseases in horses. Detection of changes in blood parameters especially during early placentitis could improve the diagnostic accuracy, treatment decision, and potential outcomes. The objectives of this 2-part study were to identify differences in circulating immunological, inflammatory, and hormonal parameters between mares with natural ascending placentitis and control mares; evaluate each and combination of parameters as predictors of placentitis; and determine how these parameters indicate severity of placentitis. Reproductive examination and blood sampling were prospectively performed on pregnant mares in a natural setting. Study 1 enrolled mares diagnosed with early stage of ascending placentitis based on ultrasonographic findings (n = 12), and gestationally age-matched mares with healthy pregnancies as controls (n = 12). Blood samples were classified as pre-onset (before) and early onset (at the time of ultrasonographic changes) of placentitis. There were no detected statistically significant differences between groups and timepoints in immunological and inflammatory parameters, including peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine, and serum amyloid A concentrations. The placentitis group showed a reduced (P = 0.01) DHP/20α-DHP ratio when compared to the control group at the early onset timepoint. Plasma estradiol-17β concentration <359 pg/mL predicted ascending placentitis with acceptable accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.71). Combined albumin <3.7 g/dL, estradiol-17β < 499 ng/mL, and DHP <33 ng/mL predicted 100 % of cases of ascending placentitis. In study 2, samples were classified according to the presence and severity of the abnormal ultrasonographic findings as mild (n = 11) and moderate-severe (n = 23), and gestationally age-matched with samples from control mares (n = 34). Mares with moderate-severe ascending placentitis had increased (P = 0.03) plasma 20α-DHP concentration and reduced (P = 0.03) DHP/20α-DHP ratio when compared to control mares. Our results suggest that the early events of ascending placentitis detected by ultrasonographic findings include hormonal alterations of feto-placental metabolism measurable in the mare's circulation, yet without obvious systemic immunological and inflammatory changes. Additional studies are warranted to further assess how hormonal markers and cutoff values could guide decisions for timely therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Feijo
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Julia B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cai F, Xue S, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Kang Y, Zhang J, Zhang M. Exposure to coal dust exacerbates cognitive impairment by activating the IL6/ERK1/2/SP1 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174202. [PMID: 38925396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Coal dust (CD) is a common pollutant, and epidemiological surveys indicate that long-term exposure to coal dust not only leads to the occurrence of pulmonary diseases but also has certain impacts on cognitive abilities. However, there is little open-published literature on the effects and specific mechanisms of coal dust exposure on the cognition of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). An animal model has been built in this study with clinical population samples to explore the changes in neuroinflammation and cognitive abilities with coal dust exposure. In the animal model, compared to C57BL/6 mice, APP/PS1 mice exposed to coal dust exhibited more severe cognitive impairment, accompanied by significantly elevated levels of neuroinflammatory factors Apolipoprotein E4 (AOPE4) and Interleukin-6 (IL6) in the hippocampus, and more severe neuronal damage. In clinical sample sequencing, it was found that there is significant upregulation of AOPE4, neutrophils, and IL6 expression in the peripheral blood of MCI patients compared to normal individuals. Mechanistically, cell experiments revealed that IL6 could promote the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and enhance the expression of transcription factor SP1, thereby promoting AOPE4 expression. The results of this study suggest that coal dust can promote the upregulation of IL6 and AOPE4 in patients, exacerbating cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China; Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Sheng Xue
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Zan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Shandong, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yingjie Kang
- Department of Physiology, Shihezi University Medical College, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Whipple B, Miura TA, Hernandez-Vargas EA. Modeling the CD8+ T cell immune response to influenza infection in adult and aged mice. J Theor Biol 2024; 593:111898. [PMID: 38996911 PMCID: PMC11348945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The CD8+ T cell response is the main determinant of viral clearance during influenza infection. However, influenza viral dynamics and the respective immune responses are affected by the host's age. To investigate age-related differences in the CD8+ T cell immune response dynamics, we propose 16 ordinary differential equation models of existing experimental data. These data consist of viral titer and CD8+ T cell counts collected periodically over a period of 19 days from adult and aged mice infected with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). We use the corrected Akaike Information Criterion to identify the models which best represent the considered data. Our model selection process indicates differences in mechanisms which reduce the CD8+ T cell response: linear downregulation is favored for adult mice, while baseline exponential decay is favored for aged mice. Parameter fitting of the top ranked models suggests that the aged population has reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation compared to the adult population. More experimental work is needed to determine the specific immunological features through which age might cause these differences. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms by which aging leads to discrepant CD8+ T cell dynamics may inform future treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Whipple
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States
| | - Tanya A Miura
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States; Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States
| | - Esteban A Hernandez-Vargas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States; Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Anderson G, Cosway EJ, James KD, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y. Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230894. [PMID: 38980292 PMCID: PMC11232892 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate immune system, thymus stromal microenvironments support the generation of αβT cells from immature thymocytes. Thymic epithelial cells are of particular importance, and the generation of cortical and medullary epithelial lineages from progenitor stages controls the initiation and maintenance of thymus function. Here, we discuss the developmental pathways that regulate thymic epithelial cell diversity during both the embryonic and postnatal periods. We also examine how thymus microenvironments respond to injury, with particular focus on mechanisms that ensure regeneration of thymic epithelial cells for the restoration of thymus function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Emilie J Cosway
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Kieran D James
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Singh R, Rani S, Jin Y, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ. Synthesis and evaluation of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate analogs as competitive partial agonists of butyrophilin 3A1. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116673. [PMID: 39029338 PMCID: PMC11323222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoantigens (pAgs) induce conformational changes after binding to the intracellular region of BTN3A1 which result in its clustering with BTN2A1, forming an activating ligand for the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor. Here, we designed a small panel of bulky analogs of the prototypical pAg (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) that contain an aromatic ring attached to the C-3 position in place of methyl group. These compounds bind with high affinity to BTN3A1 but fail to fully support its interaction with BTN2A1 and only partially trigger T cell activation relative to HMBPP. Furthermore, they can compete with HMBPP for cellular binding to BTN3A1 and reduce the cellular response to HMBPP, a classic partial agonist phenotype. Trifluoromethyl analog 6e was the weakest agonist but the strongest inhibitor of HMBPP ELISA response. Our study provides a rationale for the mode of action of pAg-induced γδ T cell activation and provides insights into other naturally occurring BTN proteins and their respective ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad, MIT-World Peace University, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Sarita Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States
| | - Yiming Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3092, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Li F, Ma C, Ding X, Niu L, Guo L, Yang F, Ma W. Structural and functional characterization of the bacterial Cap3 enzyme in deconjugation and regulation of the cyclic dinucleotide transferase CD-NTase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150326. [PMID: 38968768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferase (CD-NTase) enzymes belong to the key components of the innate immune sensor system that generates cyclic dinucleotide molecules in response to danger signals. Recently, it was discovered that CD-NTase in bacteria can undergo conjugation to protein substrates via an E1/E2 enzyme-mediated process, resembling ubiquitin modification system. Subsequently, these CD-NTase conjugated molecules will be hydrolyzed by the Cap3 enzyme in the same gene cluster. However, the experimental structure of bacterial CD-NTase recognized by Cap3 is unknown. Here, we first determined the crystal structure of the Cap3 enzyme in complex with the C-terminal tail of CD-NTase. Our structural and enzymatic analysis revealed that the C-terminal tail of CD-NTase is both necessary and sufficient for the Cap3-mediated hydrolysis of CD-NTase from its substrates. Interestingly, we further observed that after the hydrolysis reaction, the terminal glycine residue of the CD-NTase C-terminal tail was sequentially removed by Cap3, indicating that Cap3 might play a role in quenching the CD-NTase conjugation reaction. Our work provides experimental evidence elucidating the interaction between Cap3 and CD-NTase, and suggests a potential role for Cap3 in the bacterial Cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiyan Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linyue Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wenfu Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Zhang M, Gan X, Fang Y, Song X, Li Q, Huang B. Intestinal flora influences the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage by affecting peripheral and central inflammatory pathways. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149032. [PMID: 38806092 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a debilitating condition that leaves survivors with neurological disability for the rest of their lives. No effective treatment for early brain injury (EBI) has been developed. Gut microbiome (GM) impact the host immune system and can influence disease processes in several organs, including the brain. However, it remains unclear whether the GM has an impact on the outcome of SAH brain injury. Here, we wondered whether microbiota could relieve the injury. We changed the microbiota of 8-week-old male rats by administering antibiotic-containing water for 2 weeks. Composition of the GM was profiled by using 16S rRNA. We induced SAH by puncture the internal carotid artery of control rats and rats with altered GM. Additionally, we studied inflammatory cells using HE stains, Intestinal lymphocyte flow cytometry, and Neuroinflammatory factor WB. SAH was significantly averted by alterations in GM using antibiotics. The altered GM significantly increased the intestinal and intracranial inflammation after SAH. This was manifested by Mosin (MSN) inflammatory cytokines. Our findings demonstrated that the brain injury following SAH is associated with GM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Chen L, Huang L, Gu Y, Li C, Sun P, Xiang Y. Novel post-translational modifications of protein by metabolites with immune responses and immune-related molecules in cancer immunotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133883. [PMID: 39033895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tumour immunotherapy is an effective and essential treatment for cancer. However, the heterogeneity of tumours and the complex and changeable tumour immune microenvironment (TME) creates many uncertainties in the clinical application of immunotherapy, such as different responses to tumour immunotherapy and significant differences in individual efficacy. It makes anti-tumour immunotherapy face many challenges. Immunometabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell response to specific immune effector molecules, significantly affecting the effects of tumour immunotherapy. It is attributed mainly to the fact that metabolites can regulate the function of immune cells and immune-related molecules through the protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) pathway. This study systematically summarizes a variety of novel protein PTMs including acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, succinylation, crotonylation, malonylation, glutarylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, benzoylation, lactylation and isonicotinylation in the field of tumour immune regulation and immunotherapy. In particular, we elaborate on how different PTMs in the TME can affect the function of immune cells and lead to immune evasion in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential treatment with the combined application of target-inhibited protein modification and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for improved immunotherapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, PR China
| | - Lixiang Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, PR China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Jaishwal P, Jha K, Singh SP. Revisiting the dimensions of universal vaccine with special focus on COVID-19: Efficacy versus methods of designing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134012. [PMID: 39048013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Even though the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic showed unprecedented success in a short time, it also exposed a flaw in the current vaccine design strategy to offer broad protection against emerging variants of concern. However, developing broad-spectrum vaccines is still a challenge for immunologists. The development of universal vaccines against emerging pathogens and their variants appears to be a practical solution to mitigate the economic and physical effects of the pandemic on society. Very few reports are available to explain the basic concept of universal vaccine design and development. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune responses generated against vaccination and essential insight into immune mechanisms helpful in designing universal vaccines targeting influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In addition, the characteristics, safety, and factors affecting the efficacy of universal vaccines have been discussed. Furthermore, several advancements in methods worthy of designing universal vaccines are described, including chimeric immunogens, heterologous prime-boost vaccines, reverse vaccinology, structure-based antigen design, pan-reactive antibody vaccines, conserved neutralizing epitope-based vaccines, mosaic nanoparticle-based vaccines, etc. In addition to the several advantages, significant potential constraints, such as defocusing the immune response and subdominance, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jaishwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
| | - Kisalay Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abu SL, Hehar NK, Chigbu DI. Novel therapeutic receptor agonists and antagonists in allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:380-389. [PMID: 39079155 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by the development of pathophysiological changes to the ocular surface, which occurs when pro-allergic and pro-inflammatory mediators interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. Traditional treatments with antihistamines and corticosteroids provide relief, but there is a need for more efficacious and tolerable long-term therapy with a better safety profile. This article aims to provide an overview of the mode of action and clinical application of agonist therapies targeting glucocorticoid, melanocortin, and toll-like receptors, as well as antagonist therapies targeting cytokine, chemokine, integrin, and histamine receptors. RECENT FINDINGS There has been considerable advancement in immunology and pharmacology, as well as a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic conjunctivitis. Recent research advancing therapy for allergic conjunctivitis has focused on developing synthetic molecules and biologics that can interfere with the process of the allergic immune reaction. SUMMARY This review discusses novel therapeutic receptors being explored agonistically or antagonistically to develop alternative treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis. These novel approaches hold promise for improving the management of allergic eye diseases, offering patients hope for more effective and safer treatment options in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampson L Abu
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Yang X, Wang Y, Zheng J. Structural insights into autoinhibition and activation of defense-associated sirtuin protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134145. [PMID: 39059542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial defense-associated sirtuin 2 (DSR2) proteins harbor an N-terminal sirtuin (SIR2) domain degrading NAD+. DSR2 from Bacillus subtilis 29R is autoinhibited and unable to hydrolyze NAD+ in the absence of phage infection. A tail tube protein (TTP) of phage SPR activates the DSR2 while a DSR2-inhibiting protein of phage SPbeta, known as DSAD1 (DSR anti-defense 1), inactivates the DSR2. Although DSR2 structures in complexed with TTP and DSAD1, respectively, have been reported recently, the autoinhibition and activation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the DSR2-NAD+ complex in autoinhibited state and the in vitro assembled DSR2-TFD (TTP tube-forming domain) complex in activated state. The DSR2-NAD+ complex reveals that the autoinhibited DSR2 assembles into an inactive tetramer, binding NAD+ through a distinct pocket situated outside active site. Binding of TFD into cavities within the sensor domains of DSR2 triggers a conformational change in SIR2 regions, activating its NADase activity, whereas the TTP β-sandwich domain (BSD) is flexible and does not contribute to the activation process. The activated form of DSR2 exists as tetramers and dimers, with the tetramers exhibiting more NADase activity. Overall, our results extend the current understanding of autoinhibition and activation of DSR2 immune proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Lee I, Lee A, Shin S, Kumar S, Nam MH, Kang KW, Kim BS, Cho SD, Kim H, Han S, Park SH, Seo S, Jun HS. Use of a platform with lens-free shadow imaging technology to monitor natural killer cell activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116512. [PMID: 38908292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system. This study introduces Cellytics NK, a novel platform for rapid and precise measurement of NK cell activity. This platform combines an NK-specific activation stimulator cocktail (ASC) and lens-free shadow imaging technology (LSIT), using optoelectronic components. LSIT captures digital hologram images of resting and ASC-activated NK cells, while an algorithm evaluates cell size and cytoplasmic complexity using shadow parameters. The combined shadow parameter derived from the peak-to-peak distance and width standard deviation rapidly distinguishes active NK cells from inactive NK cells at the single-cell level within 30 s. Here, the feasibility of the system was demonstrated by assessing NK cells from healthy donors and immunocompromised cancer patients, demonstrating a significant difference in the innate immunity index (I3). Cancer patients showed a lower I3 value (161%) than healthy donors (326%). I3 was strongly correlated with NK cell activity measured using various markers such as interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. This technology holds promise for advancing immune functional assays, offering rapid and accurate on-site analysis of NK cells, a crucial innate immune cell, with its compact and cost-effective optoelectronic setup, especially in the post-COVID-19 era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inha Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- Department of Hematology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Hematology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Han
- Metaimmunetech Inc., Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Seo
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Metaimmunetech Inc., Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Metaimmunetech Inc., Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Iesari S, Nava FL, Zais IE, Coubeau L, Ferraresso M, Favi E, Lerut J. Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: A narrative review. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024; 23:441-448. [PMID: 38523030 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppression is essential to ensure recipient and graft survivals after liver transplantation (LT). However, our understanding and management of the immune system remain suboptimal. Current immunosuppressive therapy cannot selectively inhibit the graft-specific immune response and entails a significant risk of serious side effects, i.e., among others, de novo cancers, infections, cardiovascular events, renal failure, metabolic syndrome, and late graft fibrosis, with progressive loss of graft function. Pharmacological research, aimed to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents in LT, is behind other solid-organ transplantation subspecialties, and, therefore, the development of new compounds and strategies should get priority in LT. The research trajectories cover mechanisms to induce T-cell exhaustion, to inhibit co-stimulation, to mitigate non-antigen-specific inflammatory response, and, lastly, to minimize the development and action of donor-specific antibodies. Moreover, while cellular modulation techniques are complex, active research is underway to foster the action of T-regulatory cells, to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells, and to promote the function of B-regulatory cells. We herein discuss current lines of research in clinical immunosuppression, particularly focusing on possible applications in the LT setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Iesari
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 15 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Laura Nava
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 15 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Elena Zais
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 15 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Coubeau
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariano Ferraresso
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 15 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 19 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Evaldo Favi
- General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 15 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 19 Via della Commenda, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jan Lerut
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fonte M, Rôla C, Santana S, Prudêncio M, Almeida J, Ferraz R, Prudêncio C, Teixeira C, Gomes P. Repurposing antiplasmodial leads for cancer: Exploring the antiproliferative effects of N-cinnamoyl-aminoacridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 111:129894. [PMID: 39043264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing and rescuing have been widely explored as cost-effective approaches to expand the portfolio of chemotherapeutic agents. Based on the reported antitumor properties of both trans-cinnamic acids and quinacrine, an antimalarial aminoacridine, we explored the antiproliferative properties of two series of N-cinnamoyl-aminoacridines recently identified as multi-stage antiplasmodial leads. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines (MKN-28, Huh-7, and HepG2), and human primary dermal fibroblasts. One of the series displayed highly selective antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range against the three cancer cell lines tested, without any toxicity to non-carcinogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Fonte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rôla
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santana
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Translacional e Biotecnologia Médica (TBIO)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE-Health), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Translacional e Biotecnologia Médica (TBIO)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE-Health), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Translacional e Biotecnologia Médica (TBIO)/Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE-Health), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Gyros Protein Technologies Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Nur A, Lai JY, Ch'ng ACW, Choong YS, Wan Isa WYH, Lim TS. A review of in vitro stochastic and non-stochastic affinity maturation strategies for phage display derived monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134217. [PMID: 39069045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies identified using display technologies like phage display occasionally suffers from a lack of affinity making it unsuitable for application. This drawback is circumvented with the application of affinity maturation. Affinity maturation is an essential step in the natural evolution of antibodies in the immune system. The evolution of molecular based methods has seen the development of various mutagenesis approaches. This allows for the natural evolutionary process during somatic hypermutation to be replicated in the laboratories for affinity maturation to fine-tune the affinity and selectivity of antibodies. In this review, we will discuss affinity maturation strategies for mAbs generated through phage display systems. The review will highlight various in vitro stochastic and non-stochastic affinity maturation approaches that includes but are not limited to random mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis, and gene synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Nur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yus Haniff Wan Isa
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Wesley UV, Dempsey RJ. Neuro-molecular perspectives on long COVID-19 impacted cerebrovascular diseases - a role for dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114890. [PMID: 39038507 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused immense devastation globally with many outcomes that are now extending to its long-term sequel called long COVID. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects not only lungs, but also the brain and heart in association with endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and thrombosis leading to cardio-cerebrovascular health issues. Fatigue, cognitive decline, and brain fog are common neurological symptoms in persisting long COVID. Neurodegenerative processes and SARS-CoV-2 infection manifest overlapping molecular mechanisms, such as cytokine dysregulation, inflammation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Identifying the key molecules in these processes is of importance for prevention and treatment of this disease. In particular, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a multifunctional peptidase has recently drawn attention as a potential co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular entry. DPPIV is a known co-receptor for some other COVID viruses including MERS-Co-V. DPPIV regulates the immune responses, obesity, glucose metabolism, diabetes, and hypertension that are associated with cerebrovascular manifestations including stroke. DPPIV likely worsens persisting COVID-19 by disrupting inflammatory signaling pathways and the neurovascular system. This review highlights the neurological, cellular and molecular processes concerning long COVID, and DPPIV as a potential key factor contributing to cerebrovascular dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chan C, Liao YJ, Chiou SP. Stress induced factor 2 is a dual regulator for defense and seed germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112200. [PMID: 39038707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) constitute a diverse superfamily of proteins pivotal for various plant physiological processes, including responses to pathogens, hormone perception, growth, and development. Their ability to recognize conserved epitopes for general elicitors and specific pathogens marked significant advancements in plant pathology research. Emerging evidence suggests that RLKs and associated components also act as modulators in hormone signaling and cellular trafficking, showcasing their multifunctional roles in growth and development. Notably, STRESS INDUCED FACTOR 2 (SIF2) stands out as a representative with distinct expression patterns in different Arabidopsis organs. Our prior work highlighted the specific induction of SIF2 expression in guard cells, emphasizing its positive contribution to stomatal immunity. Expanding on these findings, our present study delves into the diverse functions of SIF2 expression in root tissues. Utilizing comprehensive physiology, molecular biology, protein biochemistry, and genetic analyses, we reveal that SIF2 modulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis roots. SIF2 is epistatic with key regulators in the ABA signaling pathway, thereby governing the expression of genes crucial for dormancy release and, consequently, Arabidopsis seed germination. This study sheds light on the intricate roles of SIF2 as a multi-functional RLK, underscoring its organ-specific contributions to plant immunity, hormonal regulation, and seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jun Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Peng Chiou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
You H, Shin U, Kwon DH, Hwang J, Lee GY, Han SN. The effects of in vitro vitamin D treatment on glycolytic reprogramming of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Ldlr knock-out mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167436. [PMID: 39067537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) undergo glycolytic reprogramming, a metabolic conversion process essential for their activation. Vitamin D has been reported to affect the function of DCs, but studies in metabolic diseases are insufficient. This study investigates the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment on glycolytic reprogramming of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from control, obese, and atherosclerosis mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (CON) or a Western diet (WD), and B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J mice were fed a Western diet (LDLR-/-) for 16 weeks. BMDCs were cultured in a medium containing 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 nM) for 7 days and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/mL) for 24 h. In mature BMDCs, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased basal and compensatory glycolytic proton efflux rates (glycoPER), the expression of surface markers related to immune function of DCs (MHC class II, CD80, and CD86), and IL-12p70 production. In addition, mTORC1 activation and nitric oxide (NO) production were suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in mature BMDCs. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on IL-12p70 production and mTORC1 activity in the LDLR-/- group was greater than in the CON group. These findings suggest that vitamin D can affect the metabolic environment of BMDCs by regulating glycolytic reprogramming as well as by inducing tolerogenic phenotypes of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ungue Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hoon Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Shawer R, Solomon A. Adverse effects of anti-cancer biologics on the ocular surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:390-396. [PMID: 38963724 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer immunotherapy is one of the most emerging and rapidly growing fields.Ocular side effects associated with these therapies are common and can be present in up to 70% of patients.The cornea may be involved in different pathogenic mechanisms triggered by different immunotherapeutic agents, and corneal disease varies from mild symptoms to severe corneal ulceration and melting with visual loss.We aimed to review the incidence, mechanism, and management of ocular surface side effects in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS With the recent use of immunotherapeutic agents in cancer patients, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, ocular surface and corneal involvement are common side effects.These patients can be at risk of sight threatening complications that warrant prompt diagnosis and careful monitoring and management. SUMMARY Immunotherapy- related corneal complications in cancer patients are associated with a decreased quality of life. Prompt recognition and an interdisciplinary approach between ophthalmologists and oncologists are crucial to handle immune related ocular adverse events in these patients, in order to maintain ocular surface integrity and avoid a vision threatening complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham Shawer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre
- St. John Eye Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham Solomon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Liu Z, Wang Q, Chi Y, Chen R, Zhao L, Liu Z, Zhai J, Li S, Han N, Yin J. Acovenosigenin A β-glucoside mediates JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting GP130 in A549 and H460 cells based on integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome and biological verification. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107633. [PMID: 39003941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Acovenosigenin A β-glucoside (AAG) is a cardiac glycoside derived from Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr, which exhibited the potential in treating lung cancer in our previous research. However, the action mechanism remains unclear. In this research, JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway was predicted to be the critical regulation pathway based on the integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Western blotting and qPCR assays were performed to identify that AAG can regulate JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and its downstream genes, such as c-Myc, Survivin, Cyclin B1, CDK1, Bcl-2. And this action of AAG depended on the suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation through the experiments of Immunofluorescence, transient transfection and cryptotanshinone treatment. Additionally, AAG was discovered to mediate the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in IL-6-driven A549 and H460 cells, which in turn inhibited cell proliferation, promoted mitochondria-related apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle progression. By molecular docking analysis, CETSA and SIP experiments, the protein of GP130 was identified as the specific target of AAG in A549 and H460 cells. Further studies suggested that AAG inhibited JAK2-STAT3 pathway and its downstream genes by targeting GP130 in nude mice xenograft model in vivo. This research presented that AAG exhibits the promising potential in the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Chi
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lichun Zhao
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianxiu Zhai
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sikai Li
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Cao Q, Fang H, Tian H. mRNA vaccines contribute to innate and adaptive immunity to enhance immune response in vivo. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122628. [PMID: 38820767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have been widely employed as strategies for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Amid the global outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have witnessed rapid development. Generally, in the case of mRNA vaccines, the initiation of the innate immune system serves as a prerequisite for triggering subsequent adaptive immune responses. Critical cells, cytokines, and chemokines within the innate immune system play crucial and beneficial roles in coordinating tailored immune reactions towards mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, immunostimulators and delivery systems play a significant role in augmenting the immune potency of mRNA vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we systematically delineate the latest advancements in mRNA vaccine research, present an in-depth exploration of strategies aimed at amplifying the immune effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, and offer some perspectives and recommendations regarding the future advancements in mRNA vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China; Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Egami Y, Kawai K, Araki N. Rit1-TBC1D10B signaling modulates FcγR-mediated phagosome formation in RAW264 macrophages. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402651. [PMID: 39084876 PMCID: PMC11291910 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important immune response that protects the host from pathogen invasion. Rit1 GTPase is known to be involved in diverse cellular processes. However, its role in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis remains unclear. Our live-cell imaging analysis revealed that Rit1 was localized to the membranes of F-actin-rich phagocytic cups in RAW264 macrophages. Rit1 knockout and expression of the GDP-locked Rit1 mutant suppressed phagosome formation. We also found that TBC1D10B, a GAP for the Rab family GTPases, colocalizes with Rit1 in the membranes of phagocytic cups. Expression and knockout studies have shown that TBC1D10B decreases phagosome formation in both Rab-GAP activity-dependent and -independent manners. Notably, the expression of the GDP-locked Rit1 mutant or Rit1 knockout inhibited the dissociation of TBC1D10B from phagocytic cups. In addition, the expression of the GTP-locked Rit1 mutant promoted the dissociation of TBC1D10B in phagocytic cups and restored the rate of phagosome formation in TBC1D10B-expressing cells. These data suggest that Rit1-TBC1D10B signaling regulates FcγR-mediated phagosome formation in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Egami
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Douradinha B. Exploring the journey: A comprehensive review of vaccine development against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127837. [PMID: 39059097 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a prominent nosocomial pathogen, poses a critical global health threat due to its multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent strains. This comprehensive review focuses into the complex approaches undertaken in the development of vaccines against K. pneumoniae. Traditional methods, such as whole-cell and ribosomal-based vaccines, are compared with modern strategies, including DNA and mRNA vaccines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), among others. Each method presents unique advantages and challenges, emphasising the complexity of developing an effective vaccine against this pathogen. Significant advancements in computational tools and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionised antigen identification and vaccine design, enhancing the precision and efficiency of developing multiepitope-based vaccines. The review also highlights the potential of glycomics and immunoinformatics in identifying key antigenic components and elucidating immune evasion mechanisms employed by K. pneumoniae. Despite progress, challenges remain in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and manufacturability of these vaccines. Notably, EVs demonstrate promise due to their intrinsic adjuvant properties and ability to elicit robust immune responses, although concerns regarding inflammation and antigen variability persist. This review provides a critical overview of the current landscape of K. pneumoniae vaccine development, stressing the need for continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to address this pressing public health issue. The integration of advanced computational methods and AI holds the potential to accelerate the development of effective immunotherapies, paving the way for novel vaccines against MDR K. pneumoniae.
Collapse
|
89
|
Ma C, Luo C, Deng F, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong G, Zhan Y, Nie L, Huang Y, Xia Y, Cai Z, Xu K, Cai H, Wang F, Lu Z, Zeng X, Zhu Y, Liu S. Major vault protein directly enhances adaptive immunity induced by Influenza A virus or indirectly through innate immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167441. [PMID: 39069011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As we previously revealed, major vault protein (MVP) is a virus-induced host factor, and its expression is crucial for innate immune responses. Nevertheless, the function of MVP in adaptive immunity is poorly known. Here, we demonstrate that Mvp knockout mice had attenuated antibody responses and reduced survival after rechallenge with homologous influenza A virus (IAV) relative to wild-type mice. Analysis of B cell populations showed that MVP promoted germinal center (GC) responses to develop optimal antiviral humoral immunity. Although MVP-deficient T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were not intrinsically damaged, MVP promoted activating effector T cells and T follicular helper responses and regulated specific DC subsets. These findings suggest that MVP directs an effective adaptive immune response against IAV by directly engaging in GC reactions or indirectly augmenting cellular immunity via innate immune pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuanjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feiyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gechang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longyu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongfang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiangtai Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of General Surgery, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lee S, Yoo I, Cheon Y, Ka H. Complement system molecules: Expression and regulation at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in pigs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105229. [PMID: 39004297 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The complement system, composed of complement components and complement control proteins, plays an essential role in innate immunity. Complement system molecules are expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface, and inappropriate activation of the complement system is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and rodents. However, the expression, regulation, and function of the complement system at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the expression, localization, and regulation of complement system molecules at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. Complement components and complement control proteins were expressed in the endometrium, early-stage conceptus, and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. The expression of complement components acting on the early stage of complement activation increased in the endometrium on Day 15 of pregnancy, with greater levels on that day compared with the estrous cycle. Localization of several complement components and complement control proteins was cell-type specific in the endometrium. The expression of C1QC, C2, C3, C4A, CFI, ITGB2, MASP1, and SERPING1 was increased by IFNG in endometrial explant tissues. Furthermore, cleaved C3 fragments were detected in endometrial tissues and uterine flushings on Day 15 of the estrous cycle and Day 15 of pregnancy, with greater levels on Day 15 of pregnancy. These results suggest that complement system molecules in pigs expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating innate immunity and modulating the maternal immune environment during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugyeong Cheon
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kumar V, Bermea KC, Kumar D, Singh A, Verma A, Kaileh M, Sen R, Lakatta EG, Adamo L. RelA-mediated signaling connects adaptation to chronic cardiomyocyte stress with myocardial and systemic inflammation in the ADCY8 model of accelerated aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:4243-4262. [PMID: 38499959 PMCID: PMC11335706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase (AC) type 8 (TGAC8) are under a constant state of severe myocardial stress. They have a remarkable ability to adapt to this stress, but they eventually develop accelerated cardiac aging and experience reduced longevity. We have previously demonstrated through bioinformatics that constitutive adenylyl cyclase activation in TGAC8 mice is associated with the activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways. However, the immune response associated with chronic myocardial stress in the TGAC8 mouse remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate that chronic activation of adenylyl cyclase in cardiomyocytes of TGAC8 mice results in activation of cell-autonomous RelA-mediated NF-κB signaling. This is associated with non-cell-autonomous activation of proinflammatory and age-associated signaling in myocardial endothelial cells and myocardial smooth muscle cells, expansion of myocardial immune cells, increase in serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the size or composition of lymphoid organs. All these changes precede the appearance of cardiac fibrosis. We provide evidence indicating that RelA activation in cardiomyocytes with chronic activation of adenylyl cyclase is mediated by calcium-protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling. Using a model of chronic cardiomyocyte stress and accelerated aging, we highlight a novel, calcium/PKA/RelA-dependent connection between cardiomyocyte stress, myocardial inflammation, and systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that RelA-mediated signaling in cardiomyocytes might be an adaptive response to stress that, when chronically activated, ultimately contributes to both cardiac and systemic aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kevin Christian Bermea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Ross Research Building - Room 809, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dhaneshwar Kumar
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anjali Verma
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Ross Research Building - Room 809, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Lin Y, Yan GJ, Liu MY, Cao Y, Zhang K, Wang N, Long FL, Mao DW. Review of the potential value of serum interleukin levels as prognostic biomarkers of liver failure. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6045-6056. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i27.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver failure (LF) is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex pathogenesis, challenging clinical management, poor prognosis, and rising incidence and mortality rates. The immune status is an important factor affecting LF prognosis. Interleukins (Ils) are a type of cytokine that act and interact with multiple cells, including immune cells. These signaling molecules play important roles in intercellular information transmission, including the regulation of immune cells; mediation of the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T and B cells; and orchestration of the inflammatory response. To date, many studies have explored the correlation between IL expression and liver disease prognosis, but few studies have evaluated Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. This article reviews the potential use of Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. Particularly, it evaluates the predictive values of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-31, the three often overlooked yet promising prognostic biomarkers, in predicting susceptibility to LF. Harnessing biomarkers for early prognostic insights can facilitate tailored treatment strategies and enhance patient survival. Thus, this article focuses on the identification of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-33 as biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies on LF and reviews their role as biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Geng-Jie Yan
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Guangxi School of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fu-Li Long
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - De-Wen Mao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ghosh S, Dutta R, Ghatak D, Goswami D, De R. Immunometabolic characteristics of Dendritic Cells and its significant modulation by mitochondria-associated signaling in the tumor microenvironment influence cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150268. [PMID: 38909531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) mediated T-cell responses is critical to anti-tumor immunity. This study explores immunometabolic attributes of DC, emphasizing on mitochondrial association, in Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that regulate cancer progression. Conventional DC subtypes cross-present tumor-associated antigens to activate lymphocytes. However, plasmacytoid DCs participate in both pro- and anti-tumor signaling where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) play crucial role. CTLA-4, CD-47 and other surface-receptors of DC negatively regulates T-cell. Increased glycolysis-mediated mitochondrial citrate buildup and translocation to cytosol with augmented NADPH, enhances mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis fueling DCs. Different DC subtypes and stages, exhibit variable mitochondrial content, membrane potential, structural dynamics and bioenergetic metabolism regulated by various cytokine stimulation, e.g., GM-CSF, IL-4, etc. CD8α+ cDC1s augmented oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which diminishes at advance effector stages. Glutaminolysis in mitochondria supplement energy in DCs but production of kynurenine and other oncometabolites leads to immunosuppression. Mitochondria-associated DAMPs cause activation of cGAS-STING pathway and inflammasome oligomerization stimulating DC and T cells. In this study, through a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of the latest literature, the potential of DC metabolism for more effective tumor therapy is highlighted. This underscores the need for future research to explore specific therapeutic targets and potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rittick Dutta
- Swami Vivekananda University, Kolkata, 700121, West Bengal, India
| | - Debapriya Ghatak
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Devyani Goswami
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Duan H, Wang X, Li H, Zheng L, Huang X. Multifunctional Fe 3O 4@CuS nanoparticle-driven colorimetric and photothermal immunochromatographic test strip for the sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium in milk. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1323:343091. [PMID: 39182977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are widely employed as signal labeling reporters in immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS) for detecting foodborne pathogens due to their outstanding anti-interference and magnetic enrichment performance. However, the insufficient colorimetric signal brightness of magnetic nanoparticles results in poor sensitivity, hindering their ability to meet the growing demand for advanced ICTS. Herein, we synthesized Fe3O4@CuS core-shell structure nanoparticles using a facile in-situ growth method. These Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles exhibit a superior photothermal conversion efficiency of 42.12 % and a magnetization strength of 35 emu/g. We developed a dual-readout format ICTS based on Fe3O4@CuS, incorporating both colorimetric and photothermal formats to enhance sensitivity for Salmonella typhimurium detection. The limit of detection for Fe3O4@CuS-ICTS in the colorimetric and photothermal format was 5 × 10⁴ CFU/mL and 7.7 × 10³ CFU/mL, respectively. Additionally, the average recoveries ranged from 91.25 % to 103.39 %, with variations from 2.2 % to 11.1 %, demonstrating good accuracy and precision. Therefore, this work suggests that Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles, with their superior magnetic, optical, and photothermal properties, can serve as promising signal labeling reporters to improve the detection performance of ICTS and hold potential for constructing more accurate and sensitive point-of-care testing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Haichuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Rahmati M, Moghtaderi H, Mohammadi S, Al-Harrasi A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor dynamics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: From immune modulation to therapeutic opportunities. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:96269. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a substantial global health burden. Immune escape mechanisms are important in ESCC progression, enabling cancer cells to escape the surveillance of the host immune system. One key player in this process is the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), which influences multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and immune regulation. Dysregulated AhR signaling participates in ESCC development by stimulating carcinogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. Targeting AhR signaling is a potential therapeutic approach for ESCC, with AhR ligands showing efficacy in preclinical studies. Additionally, modification of AhR ligands and combination therapies present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to address the knowledge gap related to the role of AhR signaling in ESCC pathogenesis and immune escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rahmati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Moghtaderi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Ad Dakhiliyah, Oman
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Ad Dakhiliyah, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Ad Dakhiliyah, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Hao LY, Lerrer S, Paiola M, Moore EK, Gartshteyn Y, Song R, Goeckeritz M, Black MJ, Bukhari S, Hu X, Mor A. Exclusion of PD-1 from the immune synapse: A novel strategy to modulate T cell function. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200839. [PMID: 39072290 PMCID: PMC11278290 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoint receptors on T cells is a common cancer treatment strategy. Frequently, this is accomplished through antibodies targeting the ligand of inhibitory co-receptors. Blocking the immune checkpoint PD-1 binding to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 prevents downstream signaling and enhances anti-tumor T cell responses. This approach improves cancer patients' outcomes. However, only one-third of the patients respond to these treatments. To better understand the mechanism of anti-PD-1 antibodies, we explored the location of PD-1 within the immune synapse. Surprisingly, we discovered that anti-PD-1 antibodies, besides blocking the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, also removed PD-1 from the synapse. We demonstrated a correlation between removing PD-1 from the synapse by anti-PD-1 antibodies and the extent of T cell activation. Interestingly, a short version of the anti-PD-1 antibody, F(ab')2, failed to remove PD-1 from the synapse and activate T cells. Using the syngeneic tumor model, we showed a superior anti-tumor effect of the anti-PD-1 antibody over the shorter version of the same antibody. Our data indicate that anti-PD-1 antibodies activate T cells by removing PD-1 from the synapse, and changing the location of PD-1 or other immune receptors within the immune synapse could serve as an alternative, efficient approach to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Yi Hao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthieu Paiola
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily K. Moore
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ruijiang Song
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Goeckeritz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Matilda J. Black
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN Cambridge, UK
| | - Shoiab Bukhari
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xizi Hu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Amhis N, Carignan J, Tai LH. Transforming pancreaticobiliary cancer treatment: Exploring the frontiers of adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200825. [PMID: 39006944 PMCID: PMC11246060 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pancreaticobiliary cancer, encompassing malignancies of both the pancreatic and biliary tract, presents a formidable clinical challenge marked by a uniformly bleak prognosis. The asymptomatic nature of its early stages often leads to delayed detection, contributing to an unfavorable 5-year overall survival rate. Conventional treatment modalities have shown limited efficacy, underscoring the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue in the fight against pancreaticobiliary cancer. Strategies such as therapeutic vaccines and the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have garnered attention for their potential to elicit more robust and durable responses. This review seeks to illuminate the landscape of emerging immunotherapeutic interventions, offering insights from both clinical and research perspectives. By deepening our understanding of pancreaticobiliary cancer and exploring innovative treatment modalities, we aim to catalyze improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Amhis
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Julie Carignan
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Ji J, Liang Q, He Q, Chen T, Feng G, Guo H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Chen P, Dong C, Zhao R, Yang J, Sha X, Cao H, Li J, Xia Y, Yang M, Gu Z. Overexpression of miR-20a-5p in mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients restored therapeutic effect and Treg immune regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176862. [PMID: 39068974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
We and other groups have documented that bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients demonstrated signs of senescence, including reduced ability of regulating Treg. Treg cell defects or Treg cell deficiency are regarded as significant factors in the progression of SLE. Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles, abound in molecular and genetic contents, play a critical role in intercellular communications. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanism of MSCs-exosomes regulating Tregs cells in SLE, further elucidate the mechanism of immune dysregulation of aging BM-MSCs, and provide theoretical basis and data support for new targets of SLE treatment. In the study, BM-MSCs and exosomes were isolated successfully. Exosomes could be up-taken by naïve CD4+T cells. MSCs-exosomes attenuated SLE clinical manifestation in vivo, but MSCs-exosomes from SLE patients were ineffective. MSCs-exosomes from SLE patients dysregulated Treg cells differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Exosomal miR-20a-5p contributed to the effect of MSCs-exosomes regulating Treg cells. Up-regulating the expression of miR-20a-5p in SLE MSCs-exosomes can restore their ability to promote Treg differentiation and treatment effect. This study further elucidated the role of in the immunomodulatory mechanism of BM-MSCs-exosomes and provided new ideas for the non-cellular autologous transplantation therapy of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yongxin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sha
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang WG, Jiang XF, Zhang C, Zhan XP, Cheng JG, Tao LM, Xu WP, Li Z, Zhang Y. Avermectin induced vascular damage in zebrafish larvae: association with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and VEGF/Notch signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135376. [PMID: 39111175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Avermectin is a highly effective insecticide that has been widely used in agriculture since the 1990s. In recent years, the safety of avermectin for non-target organisms has received much attention. The vasculature is important organs in the body and participate in the composition of other organs. However, studies on the vascular safety of avermectin are lacking. The vasculature of zebrafish larvae is characterized by ease of observation and it is a commonly used model for vascular studies. Therefore, zebrafish larvae were used to explore the potential risk of avermectin on the vasculature. The results showed that avermectin induced vascular damage throughout the body of zebrafish larvae, including the head, eyes, intestine, somite, tail and other vasculature. The main forms of damage are reduction in vascular diameter, vascular area and vascular abundance. Meanwhile, avermectin induced a decrease in the number of endothelial cells and apoptosis within the vasculature. In addition, vascular damage may be related to impairment of mitochondrial function and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Finally, exploration of the molecular mechanisms revealed abnormal alterations in the expression of genes related to the VEGF/Notch signaling pathway. Therefore, the VEGF/Notch signaling pathway may be an important mechanism for avermectin-induced vascular damage in zebrafish larvae. This study demonstrates the vascular toxicity of avermectin in zebrafish larvae and reveals the possible molecular mechanism, which would hopefully draw more attention to the safety of avermectin in non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xu-Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhan
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Jia-Gao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Roe K. The epithelial cell types and their multi-phased defenses against fungi and other pathogens. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 563:119889. [PMID: 39117034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucus and its movements are essential to epithelial tissue immune defenses against pathogens, including fungal pathogens, which can infect respiratory, gastrointestinal or the genito-urinary tracts. Several epithelial cell types contribute to their immune defense. This review focuses on the respiratory tract because of its paramount importance, but the observations will apply to epithelial cell defenses of other mucosal tissue, including the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. Mucus and its movements can enhance or degrade the immune defenses of the respiratory tract, particularly the lungs. The enhancements include inhaled pathogen entrapments, including fungal pathogens, pollutants and particulates, for their removal. The detriments include smaller lung airway obstructions by mucus, impairing the physical removal of pathogens and impairing vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Inflammation, edema and/or alveolar cellular damage can also reduce vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Furthermore, respiratory tract defenses are affected by several fatty acid mediators which activate cellular receptors to manipulate neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, various innate lymphoid cells including the natural killer cells, T cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, NKT cells and mast cells. These mediators include the inflammatory and frequently immunosuppressive prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and the special pro-resolving mediators, which normally resolve inflammation and immunosuppression. The total effects on the various epithelial cell and immune cell types, after exposures to pathogens, pollutants or particulates, will determine respiratory tract health or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- Retired United States Patent and Trademark Office, San Jose, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|