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Zhang S, Ran L, Fan X, Zhang Y, Guo H. Perceived built environment as a mediator linking objective built environment and leisure-time physical activity in Chinese cities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17091. [PMID: 39048585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that the perceived built environment is shaped by the objective built environment and influences human physical activity. However, the empirical examination of this pathway remains scant. Addressing this gap, our study investigates whether the built environment affects leisure-time physical activity through its impact on the perceived built environment, utilizing data collected from 760 residents in Fuzhou, China. Structural Equation Modeling results reveal a modest correlation between objective and perceived built environment elements, with the objective built environment being a stronger predictor of leisure-time physical activity. Notably, perceived recreational facilities significantly mediate the relationship between objective recreational facilities and leisure-time physical activity, accounting for 15% of the variance in physical activity due to objective recreational facilities. This mediation effect is consistent across subpopulations, irrespective of residential self-selection biases. These results highlight the imperative for urban planning and policy to extend beyond mere spatial allocation of amenities to enhancing both the actual and perceived accessibility of these facilities, thus underlining the study's profound implications for public health and urban development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Smart Habitat for Humanity, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lei Ran
- School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Smart Habitat for Humanity, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Smart Habitat for Humanity, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Smart Habitat for Humanity, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Huagui Guo
- School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Laboratory of Smart Habitat for Humanity, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Kluge A, Schüffler AS, Thim C, Gronau N. Facilitating and hindering factors for routine adaptations in manufacturing and effects on human performance- unexpected insights from three experimental studies in a special purpose setting. ERGONOMICS 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39046357 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2369706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Consumer behaviour changes and strategic management decisions are driving adaptations in manufacturing routines. Based on the theory of situational strength, we investigated how contextual and person-related factors influence workers' adaptation in a two-worker position routine. Contextual factors, like retrieval cues (Study 1), time pressure (Study 2), and convenience (Study 3), were varied. Person-related factors included retentivity, general and routine-specific self-efficacy, and perceived adaptation costs. Dependent variables included various error types and production time before and after adaptation. In each study, 148 participants were trained in a production routine at t1 and executed an adapted routine at t2, one week later. Repeated measures ANOVA for performance at t1 and t2, and MANOVA for performance at t2, revealed that time increased for all groups at t2. For participants in Studies 1 & 2, error rates remained consistent. Retentivity significantly impacted errors at both t1 and t2, emphasising that routine changes in a 'running business' take time, regardless of contextual factors. Workers with lower retentivity may require additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kluge
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Industrial, Organizational and Business Psychology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arnulf S Schüffler
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Industrial, Organizational and Business Psychology, Bochum, Germany
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Tan L, Guan Y, Sheng G. The Guanxi mediating role linking organizational justice to contextual performance with age as a moderator. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 39048100 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Guanxi, a distinctive Chinese concept, reflects a shared vision of relationships and connections that include mutual understanding, trust, and a deep bond between individuals. Recognized for its potency in shaping the relationships that facilitate business undertakings and access to key resources, Guanxi is postulated as a potential mediator in the nexus between organizational justice and contextual work performance. The depth of Guanxi, intertwined with Chinese culture and values, may be perceived differently across age groups. Specifically, as Chinese millennials usually interact with global paradigms, generational disparities might emerge in valuing these traditional constructs. This study delves into how the dimensions of Guanxi-Ganqing (emotional connection), Renqing (reciprocity), and Xinren (loyalty)-mediate the relationship between organizational justice and contextual work performance, with chronological age as a moderator. The present study includes a convenience sample of 630 Chinese employees, aged 22-67 years, who participated in a quantitative online survey. The findings endorse the mediation role of Guanxi. The total influence of justice was found to be significant, as well as the indirect impacts, that were statistically salient. Although the age-moderated mediation was not wholly substantiated, the age-specific indirect effects of Renqing and Xinren did present significant variances between millennials and those above 42 years. The relevance of this study extends beyond the academic field, shedding light on the cultural dynamics at play within Chinese organizational settings. By unveiling the relationships between Guanxi, organizational justice, and performance, and by elucidating the age-specific variations therein, this research provides insights for organizational leaders and human resource professionals. Based on these findings, businesses can craft targeted interventions that capitalize on the strengths of Guanxi, ensuring fair practices and enhancing performance across diverse age groups. Further, recognizing the unique attributes and values of different generational cohorts can aid in fostering a harmonious, culturally attuned, and efficient workplace environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- College of Information and Business Management, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Guan
- College of Information and Business Management, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, China
| | - Guojun Sheng
- College of Information and Business Management, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, China
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Lippert A, Baker D, Hawk G, Gongora N, Golding J. Whom Would You Help? The Impact of Perpetrator and Victim Gender on Bystander Behavior During a Sexual Assault. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241263104. [PMID: 39043120 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241263104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
We examined the impact of perpetrator and victim gender on bystander helping choices and assault perceptions. Participants (32 females, 37 males) read about two simultaneously occurring sexual assaults, indicated which victim they would help, and gave their perceptions of the assaults. We used a within-participants design that fully manipulated the perpetrator and victim gender for both assaults. Results showed female victims of male perpetrators and male victims of female perpetrators were most and least likely to be chosen for help, respectively. Cognitive networks derived from open-ended responses provided insight into the rationale used by participants to make helping decisions in ways that differed by perpetrator and victim gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lippert
- Department of Psychology, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Baker
- Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nissa Gongora
- Department of Psychology, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Golding
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Deamer SK, Sonnentag TL, Wadian TW. The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals' Attitudes Toward White Privilege. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241265316. [PMID: 39041220 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241265316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Many White Americans are unaware of or tend to deny the existence of White privilege. One potential explanation for this denial is the belief that America functions as a meritocracy. Prior research suggests that morally reframed messages can change individuals' beliefs when the reframed messages align with their personal moral values. Contributing to the literature on morally reframed messages, the current pair of studies challenged individuals' beliefs about meritocracy in order to promote their awareness of White privilege. After demonstrating that morally reframed messages about America as a meritocracy can meaningful reflect five distinct moral foundations (i.e., Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Respect, Purity/Sanctity), the current studies revealed that individuals who endorsed the moral values of Authority/Respect, Loyalty/Betrayal, and Purity/Sanctity (the binding foundations) reported stronger beliefs in meritocracy and less awareness of White privilege, whereas individuals who endorsed the moral values of Harm/Care and Fairness/Reciprocity (individualizing foundations) reported weaker beliefs in meritocracy and greater awareness of White privilege (Studies 1 and 2). Although the morally reframed messages promoted individuals' White privilege awareness compared to a control message (Study 2), the effectiveness of the messages was not enhanced when the messages aligned with individuals' moral values (Studies 1 and 2). The current pair of studies is the first to examine if individuals' endorsement of the five moral foundations can be used to change their beliefs about White privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taylor W Wadian
- University of Cincinnati-Blue Ash College, Blue Ash, OH, USA
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Kelly R, Calabro R, Beatty L, Schirmer K, Coro D. Evaluating campaign concepts aimed at replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 39043432 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The study addresses the global health concern of sugar overconsumption, particularly focusing on the prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among young people. METHODS The study tested three different health promotion campaign concepts, designed to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake and promote water consumption as a healthier alternative. A total of 402 young adults (18-29) were recruited from a university campus and an online panel. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of three campaign images: one advocating for substituting sugar-sweetened beverages with water, and two exclusively promoting water consumption. These images were assessed through an online survey, which included questions on emotional response, salience, attitudes and intentions towards various beverages. RESULTS Participants exposed to the campaign emphasising the benefits of water showed a greater intention to increase water consumption and reduce both sugar- and non-sugar-sweetened beverages compared with the other groups. There were no significant differences observed for the beverage choice task across the campaigns. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that messaging focusing on the benefits of water holds promise in encouraging healthier beverage consumption intentions among young adults. The lack of significant differences in the beverage choice task across the campaigns indicates a need for further research to explore long-term behaviour change effects. SO WHAT?: By highlighting the benefits of water consumption, campaigns may have the potential to positively influence beverage choices and promote healthier habits. Continued research in this area can provide valuable insights for developing more impactful interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kelly
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ryan Calabro
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
| | - Lisa Beatty
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kristy Schirmer
- Prevention and Advocacy, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
| | - Daniel Coro
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, Australia
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Nguyen BT, Nguyen VA, Blizzard CL, Palmer A, Nguyen HT, Quyet TC, Tran V, Skinner M, Perndt H, Nelson MR. Using the Kirkpatrick Model to Evaluate the Effect of a Primary Trauma Care Course on Health Care Workers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Two Vietnamese Local Hospitals: Prospective Intervention Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 10:e47127. [PMID: 39039926 DOI: 10.2196/47127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The Primary Trauma Care (PTC) course was originally developed to instruct health care workers in the management of patients with severe injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited medical resources. PTC has now been taught for more than 25 years. Many studies have demonstrated that the 2-day PTC workshop is useful and informative to frontline health staff and has helped improve knowledge and confidence in trauma management; however, there is little evidence of the effect of the course on changes in clinical practice. The Kirkpatrick model (KM) and the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model are effective methods to evaluate this question. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how the 2-day PTC course impacts the satisfaction, knowledge, and skills of health care workers in 2 Vietnamese hospitals using a conceptual framework incorporating the KAP model and the 4-level KM as evaluation tools. Methods The PTC course was delivered over 2 days in the emergency departments (EDs) of Thanh Hoa and Ninh Binh hospitals in February and March 2022, respectively. This study followed a prospective pre- and postintervention design. We used validated instruments to assess the participants' satisfaction, knowledge, and skills before, immediately after, and 6 months after course delivery. The Fisher exact test and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test were used to compare the percentages and mean scores at the pretest, posttest, and 6-month postcourse follow-up time points among course participants. Results A total of 80 health care staff members attended the 2-day PTC course and nearly 100% of the participants were satisfied with the course. At level 2 of the KM (knowledge), the scores on multiple-choice questions and the confidence matrix improved significantly from 60% to 77% and from 59% to 71%, respectively (P<.001), and these improvements were seen in both subgroups (nurses and doctors). The focus of level 3 was on practice, demonstrating a significant incremental change, with scenarios checklist points increasing from a mean of 5.9 (SD 1.9) to 9.0 (SD 0.9) and bedside clinical checklist points increasing from a mean of 5 (SD 1.5) to 8.3 (SD 0.8) (both P<.001). At the 6-month follow-up, the scores for multiple-choice questions, the confidence matrix, and scenarios checklist all remained unchanged, except for the multiple-choice question score in the nurse subgroup (P=.005). Conclusions The PTC course undertaken in 2 local hospitals in Vietnam was successful in demonstrating improvements at 3 levels of the KM for ED health care staff. The improvements in the confidence matrix and scenarios checklist were maintained for at least 6 months after the course. PTC courses should be effective in providing and sustaining improvement in knowledge and trauma care practice in other LMICs such as Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Tuan Nguyen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Education and Skills Laboratory, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Andrew Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Huu Tu Nguyen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Cong Quyet
- Department of Anaesthesia, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Viet Tran
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Emergency Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart, Australia
| | - Marcus Skinner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart, Australia
| | - Haydn Perndt
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Ren M, Ma H, Chen Y, Chen C. The multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1958. [PMID: 39039457 PMCID: PMC11264396 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed a negative association between social support and procrastination. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying this relationship among vocational college students. OBJECTIVE Based on the social cognitive theory, this study was intended to investigate the multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 1,379 students from a vocational college in China. Data were collected using the General Procrastination Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the multiple mediation model. RESULTS Our findings indicate significant negative correlations between social support, self-efficacy, resilience, and procrastination. The multiple mediation analysis showed that social support did not have a significant direct impact on procrastination. Instead, the relationship between social support and procrastination was fully mediated by self-efficacy (indirect effect: -0.017; 95% CI: -0.032, -0.004) and resilience (indirect effect: -0.047; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.025), and sequentially mediated by both factors (indirect effect: -0.013; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.007). CONCLUSIONS The results emphasise the importance of enhancing self-efficacy and resilience in initiatives aimed at preventing and intervening in case of procrastination among vocational college students. Additionally, strengthening social support may also be crucial to preventing or reducing procrastination among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mei Ren
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haili Ma
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational & Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, 7# Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China.
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59
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Laverty C, Surtees A, Sutherland D, Richards C. Qualitative interview with mothers of moderately or late preterm infants in the UK: where are the care gaps? BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076057. [PMID: 39043590 PMCID: PMC11268029 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) accounts for an increasing proportion of global births each year, with moderately or late preterm birth (MLPT) (32+0/7-36+6/7 gestational weeks) comprising over 80% of all preterm births. Despite the frequency, MLPT births represent only a small fraction of prematurity research, with research exploring the parental experiences of having a child born MLPT particularly neglected. It is vital this perspective is considered to provide appropriate grounding for future research and service provision. METHODS Six mothers from the UK of infants (aged between 18 and 36 months) born MLPT were invited to take part in a semistructured qualitative interview study. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to explore the data and codes were then conceptualised through a process of inductive reasoning to identify patterns of meaning. RESULTS Five themes are presented that are conceptualised from the data: (1) the moderate or later preterm 'label-does it matter?, (2) vulnerability within a new role, (3) coming home and wanting to start 'normal' life, (4) comparisons to provide a reference to experiences and (5) experience of professionals throughout the pregnancy, newborn and early years journey. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer in-depth evidence surrounding mothers' experiences of healthcare throughout pregnancy and immediately after birth, perceptions of the 'preterm' label and thoughts on how mothers reflect on their experiences. Future research should show an awareness of the broader family context when interpreting findings and providing suggestions for future research avenues or service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Surtees
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Forward Thinking Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Sutherland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Grimshaw JM, Levinson W. Reducing low value care: opportunities and challenges for Choosing Wisely campaigns. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024; 29:215-218. [PMID: 37586873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Grimshaw
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Levinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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61
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Yang Y, Zhong B, Zhang W, Fan W. The impact of social comparison on self-deception: An event-related potentials study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x. [PMID: 39042281 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Self-deception refers to an individual holding inflated beliefs about their abilities, and it plays a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making. The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the neural responses to the impacts of social comparison direction and comparison gap on self-deceptive behavior. They were instructed to predict their performance in the forward-looking paradigm. Behavioral responses and neural reactions during the decision-making process were documented. The behavioral results indicated that, in contrast to the downward comparison condition, participants engaged in upward comparison exhibited more occurrences of self-deception. However, within the context of upward comparison, participants demonstrated a higher frequency of self-deception in the large gap condition compared with the small gap condition. The ERP results showed that induced self-deception under conditions with a large comparative gap between participants and their paired counterparts stimulated larger P300 and smaller N400 amplitude than under conditions with a small gap. However, when participants were in the upward comparison situation, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude induced by self-deception behavior in the condition of a large comparison gap between participants and paired opponents was larger than that in the condition of a small comparison gap. These results indicated that individuals in the large gap group feel strong unfairness and negative emotions. More importantly, the self-deception induced by the large gap group in the upward comparison situation used fewer cognitive resources than the small gap condition, whereas the individuals in the downward comparison situation did not show the difference in cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lu Shan Road, Yue Lu Dist, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cognition and Human Behavior, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Ganschow B, Zebel S, van Gelder JL, Cornet LJM. Feeling connected but dissimilar to one's future self reduces the intention-behavior gap. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305815. [PMID: 39042617 PMCID: PMC11265703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intention-behavior gap is a common phenomenon where people fail to follow through on their intentions to change their behavior and pursue their future goals. Previous research has shown that people are more likely to act in favor of their future selves when they feel similar/connected to their future self and can vividly describe them. This study compared an imagination exercise with an integrated imagination and exposure exercise using virtual reality (VR) to embody age-morphed future selves to an imagination only exercise. We expected that strengthening the similarity/connectedness and the vividness of the future self would reduce the intention-behavior gap, and exposure to the future self would have the greatest effect. Surprisingly, the results showed that strengthening connectedness reduced the intention-behavior gap, but strengthening similarity increased the gap. Additionally, the exercises were equally effective in reducing the intention-behavior gap. These findings suggest that both feeling connected to and recognizing dissimilarity to one's future self play different roles in future-oriented behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ganschow
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sven Zebel
- Department of Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Private Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis van Gelder
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security, and Law, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Liza J. M. Cornet
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
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Bourke M, Bruijns BA, Vanderloo LM, Irwin J, Heydon R, Carson V, Naylor PJ, Johnson AM, Adamo KB, Burke SM, Timmons BW, Tucker P. The efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning course at improving early childhood educators' physical activity and sedentary behaviour self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:79. [PMID: 39039543 PMCID: PMC11265122 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood educators play a critical role in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time in childcare centres. However, early childhood educators receive limited specialised pre- and in-service learning opportunities relating to these behaviours and may lack the capacity to effectively engage children in healthy movement behaviours. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an e-Learning course on increasing early childhood educators' physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related capacities. METHODS A two-group parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with early childhood educators in Canada (Mage = 41.78, 97% female). Participants randomized to the intervention group were asked to complete a physical activity and sedentary behaviour e-Learning course within a 4-week period. Participants randomized to the waitlist control condition were assigned to a waitlist to receive the intervention after the testing period. Participants reported on their self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control relating to physical activity and sedentary behaviours at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Linear mixed effects models were estimated to determine difference in changes in outcomes from baseline to post-intervention, and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 209 early childhood educators participated in the study (intervention n = 98; control n = 111). The TEACH e-Learning course was found to be efficacious at improving all of the examined outcomes, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.58 to d = 0.65 for self-efficacy outcomes, d = 0.66 to d = 1.20 for knowledge outcomes, d = 0.50 to d = 0.65 for intention outcomes, and d = 0.33 to d = 0.69 for perceived behavioural control outcomes post-intervention. The intervention effects were sustained at follow-up for all outcomes apart from perceived behavioural control to limit screen time. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect for knowledge outcomes decreased at follow-up, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.49 to d = 0.67. CONCLUSIONS The e-Learning course was highly successful at improving early childhood educators' capacity pertaining to physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Providing training content through e-Learning may be an efficacious approach to providing continual professional learning opportunities relating to physical activity and sedentary time to early childhood educators on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Brianne A Bruijns
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Heydon
- Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew M Johnson
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shauna M Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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Wei L, Yang X. "I Will Exercise to Look Great!": The Impact of Message Frame, Message Focus, and Age Label on Enhancing Older Adults' Physical Activity Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39039786 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2381672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Promoting physical activity (PA) in older adults is a long-standing and crucial aspect of public health. It is essential for improving quality of life and maintaining overall health as people age. This study aims to identify an effective message strategy for enhancing PA intentions in aging population. Using a between subjects, 2 [message frame: gain versus loss] × 2 [message focus: health versus appearance] × 2 [age label: presence versus absence] full factorial survey experiment, this study uncovered a significant main effect for message framing. Gain-framed messages elicited more positive PA attitudes than loss-framed messages among older adults, and this effect of message frame further varied upon different message focuses and age label conditions. Moreover, moderated mediation analyses showed that gain-framed messages exerted a stronger indirect effect on PA intentions through PA attitudes when older adults received appearance-focused messages with age labels than without. The theoretical and practical implications of tailoring health promotion messages targeting older adults were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University
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Goerg SJ, Pondorfer A, Stöhr V. Regional variation in social norm nudges. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16773. [PMID: 39039116 PMCID: PMC11263545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Public support is crucial for the effectiveness of ambitious climate policies, and social norm interventions have been proven effective in fostering support. An open question is which norms should be communicated if support and estimated support for climate policies differ substantially between regions. In two studies, we investigate whether individuals accurately assess the existing support and then explore the impact of national and regional norms on public support. Our results show that the norm on climate policy support is generally misperceived, i.e., the norm is higher than expected. This misperception increases with policy ambition and varies substantially between sub-national regions. Information about the national norm increases support, mainly in regions with below or above-average support. In contrast, interventions with regional norms are ineffective and even backfire in low-support regions. This demonstrates that norm nudges need to consider the regional aspects of the reference and target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Goerg
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Pondorfer
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
| | - Valentina Stöhr
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
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Abdeljawad I, Rashid M, Abu Alia M, Qushtom R, Irshaid M, Sahyouni A. Cushion hypothesis and credit risk: Islamic versus conventional banks from the MENA region. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306901. [PMID: 39038005 PMCID: PMC11262648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional banks are 'indirectly' allowed to take more risk under the shadow of sovereign guarantees. Banks commit moral hazards as any major banking crisis will be 'cushioned' by deposit insurance and bailed out using the taxpayer's money. This study offers an alternative explanation for the determinants of banks' credit risk, particularly those from the Islamic regions. Although conventional banks and Islamic banks may share state and social cushioning systems, Islamic banks are strictly prohibited by moral and religious principles from gambling with depositors' funds, even if there is a cushion available to bail them out. However, banks belonging to collective societies, such as those in the MENA area, may be inclined to take more risks due to the perception of having a larger safety net to protect them in the event of failure. We analyse these theoretical intersections by utilising a dataset consisting of 320 banks from 20 countries, covering the time span from 2006 to 2021. Our analysis employs a combination of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and 2-step System-GMM methodologies. Our analysis reveals that Islamic banks are less exposed to credit risk compared to conventional banks. We contend that the stricter ethical and moral ground and multi-layer monitoring system amid protracted geopolitical and post-pandemic crises impacting Islamic countries contribute to the lower credit risk. We examine the consequences for credit and liquidity management in Islamic banks and the risk management strategies employed by Islamic banks, which can serve as a valuable reference for other banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Abdeljawad
- Finance and Banking Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Christ Church Business School, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Muiz Abu Alia
- Accounting Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rana Qushtom
- Finance and Banking Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Irshaid
- Department of Sharia and Islamic Banks, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Sahyouni
- Higher Institute for Administrative Development, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Shang J, Zhang Y. Influence of male's facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness and social interest on female's decisions of fairness. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16778. [PMID: 39039258 PMCID: PMC11263343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study employed dictator game and ultimatum game to investigate the effect of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness and social interest in expressing positive ("I like you") versus negative signals ("I don't like you") on decision making. Female participants played against male recipients in dictator game and ultimatum game while played against male proposers in ultimatum game. Results showed that participants offered recipients with attractive faces more money than recipients with unattractive faces. Participants also offered recipients with attractive voices more money than recipients with unattractive voices, especially under the positive social interest condition. Moreover, participants allocated more money to recipients who expressed positive social interest than those who expressed negative social interest, whereas they would also expect proposers who expressed positive social interest to offer them more money than proposers who expressed negative social interest. Overall, the results inform beauty premium for faces and voices on opposite-sex economic bargaining. Social interest also affects decision outcomes. However, the beauty premium and effect of social interest varies with participants' roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Shang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Zhao X, Malterud A, Curry L, Malo V, MacMonegle A, Nonnemaker J, Allen J. Promising Themes for Electronic Cigarette Prevention Campaigns for Youth and Young Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:999-1006. [PMID: 38302084 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most widely used tobacco product by youth and young adults in the United States. Effective prevention campaigns require the identification of appropriate content focus for message construction. AIMS AND METHODS A sample of 2622 youth and young adults ages 15-24 were recruited through social media advertisements and completed an online survey. Respondents reported current e-cigarette use or intention to use if not currently using. They also indicated agreement or disagreement with 75 e-cigarette-related beliefs representing 16 themes. The relative promise of each theme/belief for campaign messaging was investigated by examining its association with the behavior/intention outcomes and the opportunity for positive change in its distribution (room to move). RESULTS All themes showed significant associations with the behavior (ORs = 2.49-19.04) and intention (ORs = 2.21-6.11) outcomes. Room to move for themes ranged from 32.9% to 96.3% in behavior analysis and 15.6-93.9% in intention analysis. A normed relative promise index (M = 50, SD = 17) showed flavors (72), comparison to cigarettes (69), and relaxation and mental health (68) as the top ranked themes. Subgroup analyses by demographics revealed few differences. Results on the belief level were largely consistent with those on the theme level. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study provide timely evidence for the relative value of various themes/beliefs as potential targets for message development in e-cigarette prevention campaigns. The final selection of target themes/beliefs requires consideration of openness to persuasion, which may be informed by additional testing. IMPLICATIONS Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most widely used tobacco products among youth and young adults in the United States. This study adds new evidence on the relative promise of a wide range of e-cigarette beliefs and belief clusters (themes) as potential targets for message development in educational campaigns. This evidence is important to consider in future campaign efforts directed at the youth and young adult populations in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhao
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Andie Malterud
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laurel Curry
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane Allen
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Abdelaliem SMF, Asal MGR, Abou Zeid MAG, Hendy A, El-Sayed AAI. Humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention: The moderating effect of leader expertise. Int Nurs Rev 2024. [PMID: 39037107 DOI: 10.1111/inr.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to examine the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention and investigate the moderating role of leader expertise in this relationship. BACKGROUND Leader humility and expertise are two key dimensions of professional spirit in competitive magnet organizations. Many organizational factors could make nurses take a decision to leave their organization; however, leader humility and expertise could help nurses retract from this decision. METHOD This is a multisite cross-sectional study that was conducted at all medical-surgical units of four university hospitals. Using scales for assessing leader humility, nurses' turnover intention, and leader expertise, 385 nurses were surveyed. Data were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics, where correlation, path analysis, and structured equation modeling were used to test the hypothetical relationship among study variables. RESULTS There is a statistically significant negative relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention. Humble leadership and leader expertise were significant predictors of nurses' turnover intention. The moderating effect of leader expertise on the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention was statistically significant, making it more negative, implying that leader expertise amplifies the effect of leader humility on reducing nurses' turnover. CONCLUSION Incorporating leader expertise with humility could provide an efficient panacea for reducing turnover intentions among nurses in different healthcare organizations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Healthcare organizations could develop an efficient retention plan for nurses by cultivating humility among both leaders and nurses. In addition, building nurse leaders' expertise through opening avenues for professional development is a good strategy in the face of nurses' shortage and high turnover. Furthermore, succession planning in healthcare organizations must consider humility as a vital skill among anticipated leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
- Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Gamal Ramadan Asal
- Department of Nursing, College of Pharmacy and Applied Medical Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennat Allah G Abou Zeid
- Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz Hendy
- Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim El-Sayed
- Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Nursing, College of Pharmacy and Applied Medical Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elliott SA, Bialy L, Scott SD, Hartling L. Exploring methods for creating or adapting knowledge mobilization products for culturally and linguistically diverse audiences: a scoping review. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:111. [PMID: 39034399 PMCID: PMC11265177 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connecting end-users to research evidence has the power to improve patient knowledge and inform health decision-making. Differences in the culture and language of the end users may shape the effectiveness of knowledge mobilization (KMb). This scoping review set out to understand current approaches and methods when creating or adapting KMb products for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) audiences. METHODS We searched 3 databases (Ovid Medline, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, PsychINFO) from 2011 until August 2023. We included any literature about KMb product creation or adaptation processes serving CALD communities. A primary reviewer screened all identified publications and a second reviewer screened publications excluded by the primary. Data were extracted using a standardized form by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. Studies were categorized by type of adaptations ('surface' and/or 'deep' structure) and mapped based on type of stakeholder engagement used in the research approach (i2S model), and end-user involvement (content, design, evaluation and dissemination) in KMb product creation or adaptation. RESULTS Ten thousand two hundred ninety-nine unique titles and abstracts were reviewed, 670 full-text studies were retrieved and reviewed, and 78 studies were included in final data extraction and mapping. Twenty-four studies (31%) created or adapted exclusively text-based KMb products such as leaflets and pamphlets and 49 (63%) produced digital products such as videos (n = 16, 33%), mobile applications (n = 14, 29%), and eHealth websites (n = 7, 14%). Twenty-five studies (32%) reported following a framework or theory for their creation or adaptation efforts. Twenty-eight studies (36%) engaged stakeholders in the research approach. Nearly all (96%) involved end-users in creating or adapting the KMb products through involvement in content development (n = 64), design features (n = 52), evaluation (n = 44) and dissemination (n = 20). Thirty-two (41%) studies included reflections from the research teams on the processes for creating or adapting KMb products for CALD communities. CONCLUSION Included studies cited a variety of methods to create or adapt KMb products for CALD communities. Successful uptake of created or adapted KMb products was often the result of collaboration and involvement with end-users for more applicable, accessible and meaningful products. Further research developing guidance and best practices is needed to support the creation or adaptation of KMb products with CALD communities. REGISTRATION Protocol submitted to Open Science Framework on August 16, 2022 ( https://osf.io/9jcw4/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Elliott
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence (ARCHE), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Liza Bialy
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence (ARCHE), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Shannon D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence (ARCHE), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Ju I, Downey LA. The Role of Optimistic Bias and Affect on Social Media Searches About COVID-19. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39034621 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2380617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The preventive health behavior people adopt is partly a result of the risk they perceive from the threat, and health behavior theory has shown that risk communication is a critical part of that outcome. But risk to self and risk to others are often judged differently. Optimistic bias, which describes an unrealistic level of optimism about a threat, is a well described and frequently observed phenomenon in the study of health behavior. Traditional measurements of this construct have typically used the difference in self and other risk levels, which may obscure the impact. This study used a moderated mediation path with other-risk as a moderator of self-risk to study how optimistic bias and emotion about a rapidly changing risk may impact information seeking about it through social medial channels, which represent a still nascent but evolving media for credible health information. Results showed that optimistic bias about developing symptoms of COVID was indeed present and that the effect of perceived self-risk was mediated by fear and anxiety to predict social media searches about the threat. Further, affect and social media search behavior decreased with increasing levels of perceived other risk, indicating optimistic bias served to dampen a person's motivation to seek information. The implications of the results on health behavior theory, risk communication, and public health practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Ju
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University
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Cullen S, Oppenheimer D. Choosing to learn: The importance of student autonomy in higher education. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6759. [PMID: 39018403 PMCID: PMC466944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence that autonomy enhances motivation and achievement, few interventions for promoting student autonomy in higher education have been developed and empirically tested. Here, we demonstrate how two autonomy-supportive policies effectively increase classroom attendance and subject mastery. First, in a randomized controlled field study, we explored the effect of allowing students to choose whether to make their attendance mandatory (i.e., a component of their course grades). We found that nearly all students used the opportunity as a pre-commitment device and were subsequently more likely to attend class than were students whose attendance had been mandated. Second, in a multi-year cohort study, we explored the effect of allowing students to opt out of a challenging, high-effort assessment stream, finding that students given greater autonomy invested more effort into their assignments and attained greater proficiency with the material. We discuss other opportunities for applying choice architecture to improve learning, motivation, and well-being in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cullen
- Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Decision Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Oppenheimer
- Center for Behavioral and Decision Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yusoff NYM, Aris H, Nasiruddin WHM, Rusli AKC, Yurnaidi Z, Safrina R, Utama NA, Rosalia SA. The driving forces behind renewable energy consumption: A comprehensive analysis of key determinants and environmental concerns in ASEAN countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34358-8. [PMID: 39028458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy consumption is a crucial solution to addressing pressing environmental issues, particularly climate change and air pollution. Investigating the factors that drive its adoption is highly significant, as it provides policymakers and stakeholders with valuable insights to accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources. Through this approach, we can minimise the negative consequences of our reliance on fossil fuels, thereby protecting the integrity of the environment. Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to thoroughly investigate the main factors that influence renewable energy consumption and environmental change in six specifically chosen ASEAN countries. The stationarity of the 1990-2019 data was tested using panel data techniques such as Levin, Lin, and Chu (LLC), Im Pesaran (IPS), and the Shin W-stat test. According to the stationarity tests, after the first order, all variables exhibit stationarity. Additionally, Pedroni's co-integration test result confirmed that there was a long-term relationship among the variables. Different methods, such as dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), are used for cointegration estimating. The results suggest that there is a positive co-integration between renewable energy use and GDP in six ASEAN countries, indicating a long-term relationship. The positive relationship between GDP and renewable energy use suggests that economic growth is the primary driving force behind ASEAN's renewable energy adoption. However, factors like carbon emissions, population density, and foreign direct investment (FDI) negatively impact the demand for renewable energy. The limited availability of renewable energy in certain ASEAN countries may discourage foreign direct investment (FDI) due to the inverse relationship between FDI and renewable energy use. The studies also revealed that carbon emissions, which contribute to environmental pollution, do not motivate industries to invest in renewable energy. This finding would challenge the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. According to the EKC, there is a significant transition towards renewable energy as a response to environmental degradation. However, it is worth noting that several ASEAN countries have experienced economic growth while also experiencing higher levels of carbon emissions. Given that economic expansion might not be environmentally beneficial, this research has implications for ASEAN energy policies. The ASEAN region faces a challenge in investing in renewable energy due to the excessive dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, an in-depth evaluation of the main factor behind ASEAN's environmental concerns, which promotes the adoption of renewable energy, can greatly influence policy decisions, particularly in attaining net zero emissions. Policymakers can utilise this comprehensive analysis to establish informed objectives for policies related to renewable energy and develop strategic plans, i.e. reforming fuel subsidies. The goal is to encourage the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy plans for the future in the ASEAN region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazleen Aris
- Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Mohammadifirouzeh M, Oh KM, Basnyat I, Gimm G. Examining Factors Associated With Intention to Seek Professional Mental Health Support Among First-Generation Iranian Americans. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39024262 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240712-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research suggests immigrants are at a greater risk of mental health disorders compared to native-born populations. Thus, the current study investigated factors associated with professional mental help-seeking intention among American immigrants. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with 207 first-generation Iranian Americans, and data were collected using survey questionnaires. RESULTS Younger Iranians living in western states in the United States and those with positive attitudes toward professional mental health services had greater intention to seek these services. Unexpectedly, those with better mental health literacy (MHL) held more mental health stigma (MHS). CONCLUSION Findings elucidated valuable insights into the complex dynamics among sociodemographic factors, acculturation, MHL, MHS, attitudes, and intentions toward professional mental health help-seeking. We also highlighted the intricate relationship between MHL and MHS, suggesting that strategies to improve MHL may not necessarily mitigate MHS within this community. Therefore, integrating anti-stigma, contact-based approaches to MHL programs could effectively reduce stigma while facilitating mental health help-seeking. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Miellet S, Byrne MK, Reynolds N, Sweetnam T. A confirmation of the predictive utility of the Antibiotic Use Questionnaire. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1925. [PMID: 39026260 PMCID: PMC11256407 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The change in the efficacy of antimicrobial agents due to their misuse is implicated in extensive health and mortality related concerns. The Antibiotics Use Questionnaire (AUQ) is a theory driven measure based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TpB) factors that is designed to investigate drivers of antibiotic use behaviour. The objective of this study is to replicate the factor structure from the pilot study within a similar Australian confirmation cohort, and to extend this through investigating if the factor structure holds in a Chinese-identifying cohort. METHODS The AUQ was disseminated to two cohorts: a confirmation cohort similar to the original study, and a Chinese identifying cohort. Data analysis was completed on the two data sets independently, and on a combined data set. An orthogonal principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess the factor structure, followed by general linear models to determine the influence of the TpB factors on reported antibiotic use. RESULTS 370 participant responses from the confirmation cohort, and 384 responses from the Chinese-identifying cohort were retained for analysis following review of the data. Results showed modest but acceptable levels of internal reliability across both cohorts. Social norms, and the interaction between attitudes and beliefs and knowledge were significant predictors of self-reported antibiotic use in both cohorts. In the confirmation cohort healthcare training was a significant predictor, and in the Chinese-identifying cohort education was a significant predictor. All other predictors tested produced a nonsignificant relationship with the outcome variable of self-reported antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully replicated the factor structure of the AUQ in a confirmation cohort, as well as a cohort that identified as culturally or legally Chinese, determining that the factor structure is retained when investigated across cultures. The research additionally highlights the need for a measure such as the AUQ, which can identify how differing social, cultural, and community factors can influence what predicts indiscriminate antibiotic use. Future research will be required to determine the full extent to which this tool can be used to guide bespoke community level interventions to assist in the management of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Miellet
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mitchell K Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Reynolds
- Wollongong Antimicrobial Resistance Research Alliance (WARRA), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Taylor Sweetnam
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
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76
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Götz M, Sarma A, O'Boyle EH. The multiverse of universes: A tutorial to plan, execute and interpret multiverses analyses using the R package multiverse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39030767 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Even when guided by strong theories and sound methods, researchers must often choose a singular course of action from multiple viable alternatives. Regardless of the choice, it, along with all other choices made during the research process, individually and collectively affects study results, often in unpredictable ways. The inability to disentangle how much of an observed effect is attributable to the phenomenon of interest, and how much is attributable to what have come to be known as researcher degrees of freedom (RDF), slows theoretical progress and stymies practical implementation. However, if one could examine the results from a particular set of RDF (known as a universe) against a systematically and comprehensively determined background of alternative viable universes (known as a multiverse), then the effects of RDF can be directly examined to provide greater context and clarity to future researchers, and greater confidence in the recommendations to practitioners. This tutorial demonstrates a means to map result variability directly and efficiently, and empirically investigate RDF impact on conclusions via multiverse analysis. Using the R package multiverse, we outline best practices in planning, executing and interpreting of multiverse analyses.
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77
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Walker M, Stephan E. The effect of approach and avoidance motivation on self-perception. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104391. [PMID: 39029398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the link between motivation and self-perception by systematically studying visual self-representations. We propose that the way individuals perceive themselves may be associated with dispositional and situationally induced approach and avoidance motivation. First, we investigate how dispositional differences in approach/avoidance motivation and self-esteem relate to self-perception. Second, we investigate how state differences in approach/avoidance motivation relate to self-perception. Based on motivation literature, we predicted that self-perception would reflect psychological equanimity at the dispositional level (seeing the self in a favorable light), and motivational flexibility at the situational level (situational avoidance motivation results in a more realistic view of one's qualities). We use up-to-date face modeling methods to measure individuals' self-perceptions in a systematic, nuanced, and implicit way: Participants are repeatedly asked to indicate which of two portrait versions better represents themselves. Then we relate distortions in self-perceptions to agency and communion dimensions. We demonstrate that (1) participants low in self-esteem show more communion enhancement than participants high in self-esteem; (2) participants in an avoidance state show less agency enhancement (i.e., more realistic self-perceptions) than participants in an approach state. This research is first to demonstrate regularities in visual self-perception that are linked to approach and avoidance motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Walker
- University of Teacher Education Lucerne, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
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78
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Liao LL, Chang LC, Lee CK, Lai IJ. College students' perceptions of electronic cigarette risks and benefits: a concept mapping study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:398-408. [PMID: 38776131 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is on the rise among young adults, with higher public acceptance than traditional tobacco. A study in Taiwan employed concept mapping to explore risk and benefit perceptions of e-cigarette use among college students. The study involved 100 college students from 11 Taiwanese universities, with 50 being e-cigarette users and 50 non-users. Data collection and analysis were done with the GroupWisdom™ platform. Participants engaged in brainstorming, rating and sorting their perceptions, which were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses. The participants' mean age was 19.24 years, and 55% were male. This process resulted in the identification of 10 clusters encompassing 64 statements, with 3 clusters focused on risk perceptions, 6 on benefit perceptions, and 1 dealing with e-cigarette regulations. Notably, risk perceptions were rated higher than benefit perceptions. Non-users held significantly higher risk perceptions and lower benefit perceptions across the nine clusters related to e-cigarette use. Concept mapping proved to be an effective tool for understanding college students' perceptions. These findings can assist health educators in comprehending college students' viewpoints on e-cigarette use and in developing targeted interventions. Additionally, exploring benefit perceptions may enhance students' critical thinking skills regarding e-cigarette advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Liao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wen-Hua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuei Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Lai
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
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79
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Wichmann J, Gesk TS, Leyer M. Acceptance of AI in Health Care for Short- and Long-Term Treatments: Pilot Development Study of an Integrated Theoretical Model. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e48600. [PMID: 39024565 DOI: 10.2196/48600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As digital technologies and especially artificial intelligence (AI) become increasingly important in health care, it is essential to determine whether and why potential users intend to use related health information systems (HIS). Several theories exist, but they focus mainly on aspects of health care or information systems, in addition to general psychological theories, and hence provide a small number of variables to explain future behavior. Thus, research that provides a larger number of variables by combining several theories from health care, information systems, and psychology is necessary. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the intention to use new HIS for decisions concerning short- and long-term medical treatments using an integrated approach with several variables to explain future behavior. METHODS We developed an integrated theoretical model based on theories from health care, information systems, and psychology that allowed us to analyze the duality approach of adaptive and nonadaptive appraisals and their influence on the intention to use HIS. We applied the integrated theoretical model to the short-term treatment using AI-based HIS for surgery and the long-term treatment of diabetes tracking using survey data with structured equation modeling. To differentiate between certain levels of AI involvement, we used several scenarios that include treatments by physicians only, physicians with AI support, and AI only to understand how individuals perceive the influence of AI. RESULTS Our results showed that for short- and long-term treatments, the variables perceived threats, fear (disease), perceived efficacy, attitude (HIS), and perceived norms are important to consider when determining the intention to use AI-based HIS. Furthermore, the results revealed that perceived efficacy and attitude (HIS) are the most important variables to determine intention to use for all treatments and scenarios. In contrast, abilities (HIS) were important for short-term treatments only. For our 9 scenarios, adaptive and nonadaptive appraisals were both important to determine intention to use, depending on whether the treatment is known. Furthermore, we determined R² values that varied between 57.9% and 81.7% for our scenarios, which showed that the explanation power of our model is medium to good. CONCLUSIONS We contribute to HIS literature by highlighting the importance of integrating disease- and technology-related factors and by providing an integrated theoretical model. As such, we show how adaptive and nonadaptive appraisals should be arranged to report on medical decisions in the future, especially in the short and long terms. Physicians and HIS developers can use our insights to identify promising rationale for HIS adoption concerning short- and long-term treatments and adapt and develop HIS accordingly. Specifically, HIS developers should ensure that future HIS act in terms of HIS functions, as our study shows that efficient HIS lead to a positive attitude toward the HIS and ultimately to a higher intention to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wichmann
- Working group Digitalization and Process Management, Department of Business, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Sophie Gesk
- Working group Digitalization and Process Management, Department of Business, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Leyer
- Working group Digitalization and Process Management, Department of Business, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Management Department, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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80
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Zhang J, Chen G, Hu Y, Gao Y. Gender role attitudes and fertility intentions: the mediating role of parental sacrifice and the moderating role of subjective well-being. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 39026341 PMCID: PMC11264493 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender role attitudes have been shown to play a critical role in individuals' fertility intentions. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study examined whether parental sacrifice mediates the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions, and whether subjective well-being plays a moderating role. A sample of 446 Chinese adults aged 18 to 45 (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 5.63, 60.93% female) completed the Gender Role Attitude Scale, Parental Sacrifice Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Fertility Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analyses showed that traditional gender role attitudes positively predicted fertility intentions, while egalitarian gender role attitudes negatively predicted fertility intentions. Moreover, parental sacrifice was found to partially mediate the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions. Additionally, subjective well-being was identified as a moderator of the mediating effect of parental sacrifice. Specifically, for individuals with low subjective well-being, parental sacrifice played a partially mediating role. However, for individuals with high subjective well-being, the mediating effect of parental sacrifice was not significant, and gender role attitudes directly influenced fertility intentions. This study adds to our understanding of the connection between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of adults, providing important information for policymakers and professionals aiming to promote fertility intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Gongxing Chen
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China.
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Yingying Hu
- Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 99 Changgang Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Mental Health, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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81
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Tribot AS, Faget D, Changeux T. Nature experiences affect the aesthetic reception of art: The case of paintings depicting aquatic animals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303584. [PMID: 39024209 PMCID: PMC11257337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Art is a promising pathway to raise emotional engagement with nature, while enabling an indirect exposure to nature through aesthetic experience. However, the precise relationships between aesthetic experiences of art and experiences of nature remain unclear. The aim of this observational study is to highlight the effect of nature experiences on the aesthetic reception art, based on Early Modern paintings (16th-18th century). By focusing on marine ecosystems, that are difficult to directly interact with, the results presented are intended to explore whether marine activities and fish consumption affect the aesthetic reception of artworks depicting marine biodiversity. A photo-questionnaire survey based on four paintings has been conducted with 332 French participants with a diverse range of marine practices, fish consumption and artistic sensitivity. Fish consumption and value attributed to fish as food had a significant positive impact on the aesthetic reception, suggesting that taste and food consumption could be considered as a relevant nature aesthetic experience that elicits affective and emotional responses. Results also showed an indirect effect of fishing and diving on the aesthetic reception of paintings whose iconography relates with the observers' experiences. These findings are of particular interest in both environmental psychology and ecological mediation through art. This study brings evidences of the connection between art and nature experiences, and that art could be an innovative way of experiencing nature. Finally, this study also highlights the need to broaden the scope of nature experiences, for instance by including food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Tribot
- UMR TELEMMe, MMSH, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Daniel Faget
- UMR TELEMMe, MMSH, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thomas Changeux
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Campus Luminy - OCEANOMED Bâtiment Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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82
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Reid AL, Porter KJ, Kirkpatrick BM, Brock DJP, Altizer CJ, Zoellner JM. Student and caregiver acceptability of a school-based intervention to improve sugar-sweetened beverage behaviors: a mixed methods study. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2024; 39:339-350. [PMID: 38517985 PMCID: PMC11258806 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Kids SIPsmartER is a 6-month behavioral and health literacy intervention effective at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among middle school students and their caregivers in the rural Appalachian region. This exploratory mixed methods study utilized a convergent parallel design to assess participant acceptability of a school-based curriculum for students and a text messaging program for caregivers. Acceptability was assessed using surveys (873 students and 453 caregivers), five focus groups (34 students) and telephone interviews (22 caregivers). Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and qualitative data were content coded. On a 5-point scale, average quantitative survey acceptability ratings ranged from 2.7 to 3.3 among three student-rated questions and 4.1 to 4.2 among four caregiver-rated questions. Qualitative focus group findings suggested that students preferred curricular activities that were hands-on and involved social interaction, while caregiver interview results showed high acceptability of the text messaging program's design, including usability, content messages and personalization. Students and caregivers reported similar program benefits: increased knowledge of SSBs and health risks, increased awareness of SSB behaviors and support to make beverage behavior changes. Results from this study can be used to understand Kids SIPsmartER's effectiveness data, communicate the intervention's acceptability with stakeholders and plan for future implementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L Reid
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 16 E. Main St., Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | - Kathleen J Porter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 16 E. Main St., Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | - Brittany M Kirkpatrick
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 16 E. Main St., Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | - Donna-Jean P Brock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 16 E. Main St., Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
| | | | - Jamie M Zoellner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 16 E. Main St., Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA
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83
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Pang F, Yang L, Tse CY, Sin KF. Assessing the Relationship Between Teacher Inclusive Beliefs, Behaviors, and Competences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06473-5. [PMID: 39020214 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between teachers' beliefs and behaviors related to inclusive education (IE) and their evaluations of social and academic competences in students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - important indicators of IE. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research investigated how teachers' intentions to implement IE and their supportive practices affected the social and academic competences of students with ASD. The study involved 267 teachers from 78 mainstream secondary schools in Hong Kong. Teachers completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to implement IE. Information on teachers' practices supporting students with ASD and their evaluations of social and academic competences of these students was also collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between these variables. Correlation analysis revealed positive and significant associations between teachers' beliefs, inclusive practices, and their evaluations of social and academic competences of students with ASD. SEM indicated that perceived behavioral control significantly and positively influenced the social and academic competences of students with ASD through teachers' inclusive practices. This study highlights the vital role of teachers' control beliefs and inclusive practices in fostering the social and academic competences of students with ASD. By applying the TPB and SEM, the research contributes to understanding how teachers' intentions and behaviors in implementing IE impact students' outcomes. The findings offer practical implications for enhancing inclusive education practices for supporting students with ASD in mainstream schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Pang
- Centre for Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong.
- Analytics\Assessment Research Centre (ARC), The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong.
| | - Choi Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education (HPE), The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Kuen Fung Sin
- Centre for Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
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84
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Sun S. It is not a vacation of leisure: The effect of maternity-leave stigma on fertility intentions in China. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104413. [PMID: 39025029 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the public's puzzle about why maternity leave has unexpectedly failed to improve fertility problem in the Chinese context of a widespread extension of maternity leave, our study concentrates on a prevailing stigmatization phenomenon of maternity leave in the workplace, proposes the construct "maternity-leave stigma", operationalizes it, and examines its probable detrimental effect on working individuals' fertility intentions drawing on conservation of resources theory, self-verification theory, and research on stigma and psychological contract violation. Conceptually, maternity-leave stigma is a kind of workplace stigma that primarily depicts the extent to which working individuals in the reproductive period view maternity leave or the event of taking maternity leave in a biased way. It mainly consists of four subdimensions called cognitive stigma, emotional stigma, moral stigma, and consequence stigma. Based on multiple analyses of the three-stage questionnaire survey data from working individuals of childbearing age in China, Study 1 (N1 = 296, N2 = 340) acquires a 12-item maternity-leave stigma scale with good reliability and validity and Study 2 (N2 = 340) substantiates that, working individuals' maternity-leave stigma tends to directly and indirectly inhibit their fertility intentions and their anticipatory psychological contract violation from organization is the crucial mediator. Moreover, working women are inclined to display a much stronger inhibiting effect of maternity-leave stigma on fertility intentions compared to working men. Our findings therefore resolve the public's puzzle, enrich workplace stigma, deepen the implementation effectiveness research of maternity leave policy, and are of practical implications for building a fertility-friendly society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Business School, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Business School, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Sun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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85
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Kim H, Hwang H, Gwak S, Yoon J, Park K. Improving communication and promoting social inclusion for hearing-impaired users: Usability evaluation and design recommendations for assistive mobile applications. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305726. [PMID: 39018317 PMCID: PMC11253936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the usability of communication-assistive applications for hearing-impaired users, with a focus on enhancing user experience and promoting social inclusion. Although such applications have been developed and evaluated previously, interface designs that consider the intimacy needs of hearing-impaired users remain under-explored. We performed a comprehensive usability evaluation employing a mixed-method approach, which involved hearing-impaired individuals as well as field experts. The findings revealed areas for improvement in the design, validated the feasibility of implementing these applications, and emphasized the importance of incorporating the unique needs and preferences of hearing-impaired users. Furthermore, this paper discusses the importance of introducing guidelines and evaluation scales for the "Design for Emotion and Life Knowledge" levels to facilitate smooth and effective human-computer interactions. Such measures will promote the development of intelligent assistive technologies that reflect the qualitative needs of people with disabilities and contribute to social rights for hearing-impaired users. With the growing demands of artificial-intelligence-powered assistive technologies, the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in the design and research process is anticipated to increase. In future, studies should be conducted to blend the culturally shared experiences and emotional bonds expressed by users (having mild-to-severe hearing impairment) with the design and development process of assistive devices or services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsu Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Applications, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heetae Hwang
- School of Information Convergence, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sojung Gwak
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Applications, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Kyudong Park
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Applications, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Information Convergence, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
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86
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Rulison K, Weaver G, Milroy J, Beamon E, Kelly S, Ameeni A, Juma A, Abualgasim F, Husain J, Wyrick D. Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Design an Antiextremism Program in Bahrain: Formative and Pilot Research. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e58322. [PMID: 39018090 DOI: 10.2196/58322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremism continues to raise concerns about conflict and violent attacks that can lead to deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to radicalization by extremists. Given its location in a region that often experiences extremism, Bahrain developed 4 peaceful coexistence lessons and 4 antiextremism lessons to be implemented as part of their Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to report the results of the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to develop a peaceful coexistence program and an antiextremism program implemented by D.A.R.E. officers in Bahrain. METHODS We developed conceptual models for the peaceful coexistence and antiextremism programs, indicating which mediators each lesson should target, the proximal outcomes that should be shaped by these mediators, and the distal and ultimate outcomes that the intervention should change. We recruited 20 middle schools to pilot test our research protocol, survey measures, and the existing intervention lessons. A total of 854 seventh and ninth grade students completed a pretest survey, 4 peaceful coexistence intervention lessons, and an immediate posttest survey; and a total of 495 ninth grade students completed the pretest survey, 4 antiextremism lessons, and an immediate posttest survey. A series of 3-level models, nesting students within classrooms within schools, tested mean differences from pretest to posttest. RESULTS Pilot test results indicated that most measures had adequate reliability and provided promising evidence that the existing lessons could change some of the targeted mediators and proximal outcomes. Specifically, students who completed the peaceful coexistence lessons reported significant changes in 5 targeted mediating variables (eg, injunctive norms about intolerance, P<.001) and 3 proximal outcomes [eg, social skills empathy (P=.008); tolerance beliefs (P=.041)]. Students who completed the antiextremism lessons reported significant changes in 3 targeted mediators [eg, self-efficacy to use resistance skills themselves (P<.001)], and 1 proximal outcome (ie, social skills empathy, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS An effective antiextremism program has the potential to protect youth from radicalization and increase peaceful coexistence. We used the preparation phase of MOST to (1) develop a conceptual model, (2) identify the 4 lessons in each program as the components we will evaluate in the optimization phase of MOST, (3) pilot test the existing lessons, our newly developed measures, and research protocol, and (4) determine that our optimization objective will be all effective components. We will use these results to revise the existing lessons and conduct optimization trials to evaluate the efficacy of the individual lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rulison
- Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Milroy
- Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Center for Athlete Well-being, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Emily Beamon
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Samantha Kelly
- Center for Athlete Well-being, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Ali Ameeni
- D.A.R.E. Bahrain, Southern Province, Bahrain
| | - Amina Juma
- D.A.R.E. Bahrain, Southern Province, Bahrain
| | | | | | - David Wyrick
- Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Center for Athlete Well-being, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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87
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Walker R, Harada K. Affective Exercise Experience in Childhood and Psychological Determinants of Exercise Among Japanese Older Adults. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39012628 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2375290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Japan faces significant challenges associated with its super-aged society. Exercise and physical activity are recommended strategies to promote healthy aging and quality of life in older age. However, what determines exercise behavior among Japanese older adults is relatively unknown. The principle aim of this study was to explore exercise determinants and their relation to exercise behavior among Japanese older adults. Completed self-report questionnaires were received from 1,000 Japanese older adults aged between 65 and 74 years who resided in the Kansai area. A cross-sectional maximum likelihood path analysis was used to test the relationships between variables, where it was hypothesized that affective experiences in childhood had an indirect association with the exercise behavior of Japanese older adults through the seven psychological determinants of exercise. Demographic factors were also included in the model as potential influences of all factors. Knowledge held the largest significant direct association with exercise behavior (β = .539, p = <.001), particularly more intense forms of exercise such as resistance exercise (β = .725, p = <.001) and moderate to strenuous exercise (β = .420, p = <.001), whilst affective exercise experience in childhood (B = 3.749, p = <.001) and gender (B = 5.183, p = .003) held significant indirect associations. This paper emphasizes the importance of exercise-related knowledge among Japanese older adults and future research is warranted to further explore the role of positive affective exercise experiences in childhood and their influence on exercise behavior, especially amongst girls.
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88
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Golverdi M, Soleimani Naeini AH, Shaker Ardakani M, Sharifirad MS. What are the antecedents of nosiness among nurses? A qualitative study. J Health Organ Manag 2024; 38:760-777. [PMID: 39008093 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-10-2023-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nosiness is an annoying behavior at the workplace that can lead to negative consequences. It is characterized by being overly curious about other people's affairs. Specifically, this study aims to identify the factors contributing to nosiness among nurses. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH We conducted an exploratory qualitative interview study involving 38 nurses in Iran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. FINDINGS We identified nine themes as the antecedents of nosiness among nurses: defamation motive, the need for certainty, the need for power, recreational motive, empathy, social comparison, the allure of the subject for the individual, having an employee-friendly workplace, and work environment and workload. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Understanding the antecedents of nosiness can help healthcare organizations curtail this phenomenon and foster a positive work environment, particularly in nursing where empathy, compassion, and attention to detail make them susceptible to nosiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Golverdi
- Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shaker Ardakani
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Public Administration, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sharifirad
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Public Administration, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
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89
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Philippsen A, Mieth L, Buchner A, Bell R. Time pressure and deliberation affect moral punishment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16378. [PMID: 39014033 PMCID: PMC11252425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The deliberate-morality account implies that moral punishment should be decreased with time pressure and increased with deliberation while the intuitive-morality account predicts the opposite. In three experiments, moral punishment was examined in a simultaneous one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma game with a costly punishment option. The players cooperated or defected and then decided whether or not to punish their partners. In Experiment 1, the punishment decisions were made without or with time pressure. In Experiment 2, the punishment decisions were immediate or delayed by pauses in which participants deliberated their decisions. In Experiment 3, participants were asked to deliberate self-interest or fairness before deciding whether to punish their partners. Different types of punishment were distinguished using the cooperation-and-punishment model. In Experiment 1, time pressure decreased moral punishment. In Experiment 2, deliberation increased moral punishment. So far, the evidence supports the deliberate-morality account. Experiment 3 demonstrates that the effect of deliberation depends on what is deliberated. When participants deliberated self-interest rather than fairness, moral punishment was decreased. The results suggest that unguided deliberation increases moral punishment, but the effects of deliberation are modulated by the type of deliberation that takes place. These results strengthen a process-based account of punishment which offers a more nuanced understanding of the context-specific effect of deliberation on moral punishment than the deliberate-morality account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Philippsen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Mieth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Buchner
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raoul Bell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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90
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Jelinek L, Vaclavik J, Lazarova M. Interventions for increasing medication adherence in heart failure patients: A narrative review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024. [PMID: 39023062 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2024.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the critical and most costly medical challenges of the 21st century. It is a chronic debilitating condition and adherence to medication, a precondition for successful treatment is often poor. There are various interventions for improving the adherence. Depending on the goal of the intervention, these are roughly patient centric, healthcare provider centric and system centric. We provide an overview of these interventions with a focus on effectiveness and appropriateness in different clinical situations. Their use can lead to improved patient outcomes and reduced economic burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Jelinek
- Department of Exercise Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vaclavik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lazarova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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91
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Trail M. Child welfare predictive risk models and legal decision making. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106943. [PMID: 39018749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child welfare agencies around the world have experimented with algorithmic predictive modeling as a method to assist in decision making regarding foster child risk, removal and placement. OBJECTIVE Thus far, all of the predictive risk models have been confined to the employees of the various child welfare agencies at the early removal stages and none have been used by attorneys in legal arguments or by judges in making child welfare legal decisions. This study will show the effects of a predictive model on legal decision making within a child welfare context. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Lawyers, judges and law students with experience in child welfare or juvenile law were recruited to take an online randomized vignette survey. METHODS The survey consisted of two vignettes describing complex foster child removal and placement legal decisions where participants were exposed to one of three randomized predictive risk model scores. They were then asked follow up questions regarding their decisions to see if the risk models changed their answers. RESULTS Using structural equation modeling, high predictive model risk scores showed consistent ability to change legal decisions about removal and placement across both vignettes. Medium and low scores, though less consistent, also significantly influenced legal decision making. CONCLUSIONS Child welfare legal decision making can be affected by the use of a predictive risk model, which has implications for the development and use of these models as well as legal education for attorneys and judges in the field.
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92
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Poissonnier LA, Danchin E, Isabel G. Male attractiveness is subjective to exposure to males of different attractiveness in fruit flies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16463. [PMID: 39014083 PMCID: PMC11252249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mate choice is a crucial decision in any animal. In terms of fitness, the best mate is the one that leads to the most abundant and productive offspring. Pairing with a low-quality mate would reduce fitness, generating selection for accurate and subtle mate choice in all animal species. Hence, mate choice is expected to be highly context dependent, and should depend on other potential options. For instance, a medium-quality male can constitute the best option when all other males are in poorer condition, but not when there are better-quality males available. Therefore, animals are predicted to gather information about their social context and adapt their mate choice to it. Here, we report on experiments in which we manipulated the social environment of females of Drosophila melanogaster and found that after encountering a high or a low-quality male, they take more or less time to accept copulation with another male, suggesting that females adapt their mating strategy to their social context. We also report on a similar effect in D. biarmiceps. Thus, male attractiveness appears to depend on the quality of recently met males, suggesting that male attractiveness is subjective, indicating plastic and context dependent mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Poissonnier
- Centre de Recherches Sur La Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UMR 5169, CNRS, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.
| | - Etienne Danchin
- Centre de Recherches Sur La Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UMR 5169, CNRS, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Isabel
- Centre de Recherches Sur La Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UMR 5169, CNRS, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
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93
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Baldofski S, Scheider J, Kohls E, Klemm SL, Koenig J, Bauer S, Moessner M, Kaess M, Eschenbeck H, Lehner L, Becker K, Krämer J, Diestelkamp S, Thomasius R, Rummel-Kluge C. Intentions and barriers to help-seeking in adolescents and young adults differing in depression severity: cross-sectional results from a school-based mental health project. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:84. [PMID: 39010111 PMCID: PMC11251315 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems, such as depression, have a high prevalence in young people. However, the majority of youths suffering from depression do not seek professional help. This study aimed to compare help-seeking behavior, intentions and perceived barriers between youthswith different levels of depressive symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional study is part of a large-scale, multi-center project. Participants were n = 9509 youths who were recruited in German schools and completed a baseline screening questionnaire. Based on their depressive symptoms, youths were allocated to the following three subgroups: (a) without depressive symptoms, (b) with subclinical symptoms, (c) with clinical symptoms (measured by PHQ-A). Quantitative analyses compared previous help-seeking behavior, help-seeking intentions and perceived barriers (Barriers questionnaire) between these subgroups. An additional exploratory qualitative content analysis examined text answers on other perceived barriers to help-seeking. RESULTS Participants were mostly female (n = 5575, 58.6%) and 12 to 24 years old (M = 15.09, SD 2.37). Participants with different levels of depressive symptoms differed significantly in help-seeking behavior, intentions and perceived barriers. Specifically, participants with clinical depressive symptoms reported more previous help-seeking, but lower intentions to seek help compared to participants without symptoms (all p < 0.05). Participants with subclinical depressive symptoms reported a similar frequency of previous help-seeking, but higher intentions to seek help compared to participants without symptoms (all p < 0.05). Perception of barriers was different across subgroups: participants with clinical and subclinical depressive symptoms perceived the majority of barriers such as stigma, difficulties in accessibility, and family-related barriers as more relevant than participants without depressive symptoms. Across all subgroups, participants frequently mentioned intrapersonal reasons, a high need for autonomy, and a lack of mental health literacy as barriers to help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS Youths with higher levels of depressive symptoms are more reluctant to seek professional help and perceive higher barriers. This underlines the need for effective and low-threshold interventions to tackle barriers, increase help-seeking, and lower depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults differing in depression severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00014685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jelena Scheider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah-Lena Klemm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Laya Lehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Krämer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Diestelkamp
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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94
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Kung LH, Yan YH, Kung CM. Empirical Study on the Usage of Telemedicine by Rural and Urban Health Care Consumers in Taiwan: Integrating the Perspectives of Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. Telemed J E Health 2024. [PMID: 39008433 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2024.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease-19 posed significant challenges globally, impacting various sectors and health care systems profoundly. In response, telemedicine has emerged as a vital solution to address health care demands and resource shortages. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on telemedicine usage among health care consumers in urban and rural areas of Taiwan. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the usage, attitudes, and intentions of telemedicine utilization among health care consumers in Taiwan, integrating the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to May 2024, involving 1,053 participants who utilized telemedicine services. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 software. Results: The results revealed significant disparities in telemedicine utilization between urban and rural areas, with urban residents exhibiting higher levels of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward use, trust, and intention to use telemedicine. Regression analysis indicated a significant association between urban residence and male gender with telemedicine utilization, contrary to previous research findings. These disparities may stem from differences in health care accessibility and cultural norms prevalent in urban and rural areas. Conclusions: Further investigation into gender differences and interventions to promote telemedicine usage among females, particularly in urban areas, are recommended. This study provides valuable insights for future research and health care policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hsi Kung
- Department of Nursing, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Yan
- Superintendent Office, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kung
- Department of Information Technology and Communication, Shih Chien University Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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95
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Wang Y, Qi Y, Li Y. How does digital inclusive finance influence non-agricultural employment among the rural labor force? --Evidence from micro-data in China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33717. [PMID: 39050411 PMCID: PMC11267043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the integration and development of inclusive finance and digital technology, exploring the relationship between digital inclusive finance and non-farm employment of rural laborers is of great significance in promoting rural economic development and realizing common prosperity for all. Based on data from the 2018 and 2020 China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) and Peking University's Digital Financial Inclusion Index, this paper investigates the impact of digital inclusive finance on the non-farm employment of rural labor and its transmission mechanism. The results of the study show that both digital inclusive finance and its sub-dimensions can promote the non-farm employment of rural laborers, and have stronger inclusion and inclusiveness compared with traditional inclusive finance. Mechanism analysis shows that both Internet use and social trust can positively moderate the relationship between digital inclusive finance and non-farm employment of rural laborers, and that digital inclusive finance can promote non-farm employment of rural laborers by alleviating financing constraints and enhancing risk preferences. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that digital inclusive finance promotes employed non-farm employment more significantly than entrepreneurial non-farm employment, and on this basis, there are also differences for different employment groups and different regions. The findings of this study aim to provide theoretical reference and support for relevant departments to formulate policies to realize higher quality full employment of rural labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yin Qi
- School of Finance, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Finance, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
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96
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Silverman AL, Werntz A, Schofield C, Prinstein MJ, McKay D, Teachman BA. Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Direct-to-Consumer Marketing Video About Patients' Right to Evidence-Based Mental Health Care. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024:00005053-990000000-00173. [PMID: 39008893 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the impact of a direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing video designed to educate the public about patients' rights to evidence-based mental health care (EBMHC). Participants (N = 632) were randomly assigned to an active DTC video condition, a control video condition, or a control condition without a video. Participants who watched the DTC video (vs. both control conditions) had significantly greater knowledge of patients' rights to EBMHC. Further, individuals who watched the DTC (vs. control) video reported significantly greater comfort with accessing care and perceived their assigned video as significantly more culturally sensitive. However, participants who watched the DTC video were not significantly different from both control conditions on self-report measures of self-efficacy in working with a provider, likelihood of asking a provider about one's rights, treatment-seeking intentions, and self-stigma. Findings suggest the potential for a DTC video to promote knowledge of EBMHC, though its impact on help-seeking perceptions and intentions was less promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Werntz
- Center for Evidence-Based Mentoring, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Casey Schofield
- Department of Psychology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, New York
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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97
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Awal MR, Chowdhury MS. Threat or prospect? Exploring the impact of digital entrepreneurs' artificial intelligence perception and intention to adopt blockchain technology on the achievement of SDGs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33853. [PMID: 39050436 PMCID: PMC11268201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores how digital entrepreneurs' intention toward blockchain technology adoption, perception of reduced costs, and knowledge of Artificial Intelligence impact achieving UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), drawing attention from various sectors. Present study applies explanatory sequential mixed method for data collection. Moreover, to work with the dual face patterned data, PLS-SEM is used to perform quantitative analysis of the data collected from 389 digital entrepreneurs who are chosen through purposive sampling and then content analysis is performed for the qualitative data according to the explanatory sequential mixed method's rule of thumb. The study's quantitative phase shows that factors such as perceived ease of use and usefulness of Industry 4.0 technologies, knowledge of artificial intelligence (KAI), and perception of reduced cost positively influence digital entrepreneurs' intention to adopt blockchain technology (BCT). Notably, KAI has the strongest impact. In the qualitative phase, it's found that digital entrepreneurs' KAI and willingness to adopt BCT strongly align with achieving several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), suggesting BCT adoption's potential for sustainable outcomes. The outcomes of this study set a new benchmark in the domain of SDGs achievement with careful integration to Industry 4.0, AI and BCT. This study results undoubtedly instigate the digital entrepreneurs to adopt BCT in doing their start-up and convince the policymakers to set regulatory landscape with convenient environment for the utilization of BCT which then ultimately accelerates the achievement of SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Awal
- Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur, Bangladesh
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98
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Manasse SM, Moussaoui JR, Lampe EW, Brown KL, Zhang F, Janicke DM, McCrea L, Cardel MI, Butryn ML. Evaluating an acceptance-based lifestyle modification program to address cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight and obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 144:107634. [PMID: 39019153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve only limited weight loss in adolescent samples and weight regain is common. This limited intervention success may be attributed, in part, to adolescents' lack of self-regulation skills essential for lifestyle modification and use of a one-size fits-all approach to produce weight loss in boys and girls. Interventions which teach self-regulation skills, such as Acceptance-Based Therapy (ABT), and are tailored to meet gender-specific concerns, are critical to help adolescents adapt to pervasive biological and environmental influences toward weight gain. OBJECTIVE This trial tests the effect of an ABT intervention on cardiometabolic health, health-related behaviors, and psychological factors among adolescent girls with overweight or obesity (OW/OB). METHODS Girls 14-19 years (N = 148; ≥ 40% racial/ethnic minorities) with OW/OB (BMI: ≥ 85th percentile) will be enrolled in the study. Participants will be randomized to one of two 6-month interventions, consisting of either 18 sessions of ABT or 9 sessions of a health education control, an augmented version of standard care for adolescent OW/OB, both led by bachelor's level interventionists. RESULTS Recruitment is taking place in Philadelphia, USA, from January 2024 to January 2028. Cardiometabolic health markers (adiposity; blood pressure; blood lipids), health-related behaviors (dietary intake; physical activity; sleep), and psychological factors (quality of life; depression; disordered eating; psychological flexibility) will be measured at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide valuable information on a novel intervention tailored to the needs of adolescent girls with OW/OB to address self-regulation and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Jannah R Moussaoui
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth W Lampe
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristal L Brown
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leon McCrea
- Department of Family, Community, and Preventive Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, United States; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Meghan L Butryn
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mõtus K, Viidu DA, Kaart T, Ferguson E. Beliefs, mindset and personality of farm managers working in large commercial dairy herds: Association with calf on-farm mortality. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106283. [PMID: 39024920 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the attitudes and personalities of farm managers (FMs) in large Estonian dairy herds and analyse the potential associations with calf mortality. The study included FMs from 114 free-stall farms with at least 100 cows. Each participant completed a questionnaire that comprised questions about the respondent and various statements to reveal their attitudes towards calves, calf mortality, and farming in general. A 7-point Likert scale was used to record the responses. The data on the number of live births and deaths and animal movement data were gathered from farm records and the Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board. The yearly calf mortality risk (%) during the first 21 days (YAG) and mortality rate between 22-90 days of age (OAG) adjusted for the animal time-at-risk were then calculated for each herd. Univariate negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify associations between calf mortality risk/rate, and the studied statements and variables with a p-value < 0.25 were included in a k-modes clustering analysis. The mean calf mortality risk was determined to be 5.9 % (range 0.0-26.8 %) during the first 21 days and mean calf mortality rate was 1.8 (range 0.0-9.2) deaths per 100 calf-months during 22-90 days of age. In both age group analyses, two FMs´ clusters formed based on 17 pre-selected statements. The FMs of the high-mortality cluster were found to be dissatisfied with the calf mortality levels. In the YAG analysis, FMs from high-mortality cluster gave lower priority to the issue of calf mortality, placed high importance on the influence of workers on calf mortality, and were more satisfied with the staff's performance compared to FMs of the cluster of herds with lower calf mortality. They were additionally less satisfied with their own performance and felt less recognized by the farm staff. They were also more inclined to try new products and practices on the farm and demonstrated greater empathy towards cattle. In the OAG analysis, the FMs from the higher-mortality cluster viewed reducing calf mortality more costly, had a less ambitious and target-driven management style, and rated their self-performance lower. This study determined that FMs working in herds with high calf mortality were dissatisfied and did not prioritize addressing calf mortality compared to managers working in farms with lower calf mortality. FMs' attitudes and management styles were associated with calf mortality, while the respondents' personality traits had little influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerli Mõtus
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
| | - Dagni-Alice Viidu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Grabman JH, Dobbins IG, Dodson CS. Comparing human evaluations of eyewitness statements to a machine learning classifier under pristine and suboptimal lineup administration procedures. Cognition 2024; 251:105876. [PMID: 39004009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent work highlights the ability of verbal machine learning classifiers to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate recognition memory decisions (Dobbins, 2022; Dobbins & Kantner, 2019; Seale-Carlisle, Grabman, & Dodson, 2022). Given the surge of interest in these modeling techniques, there is an urgent need to investigate verbal classifiers' limitations - particularly in applied contexts such as when police collect eyewitness's confidence statements. We find that confirmatory feedback (e.g., "This study now has a total of 87 participants, 84 of them made the same decision as you!") weakens the relationship between identification accuracy and verbal classifier scores to a similar degree as mock witnesses' numeric confidence judgments (Experiment 1). Crucially, for the first time, we compare the discriminative value of verbal classifier scores to the ratings of human evaluators who assessed the identical verbal confidence statements (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that human evaluators outperform the classifier when mock witnesses received no feedback; however, the classifier matches (or exceeds) the performance of human evaluators when mock witnesses received confirmatory feedback. Providing lineup information to human evaluators resulted in a worse ability to distinguish between correct and filler identifications, suggesting that this particular information may encourage the use of inappropriate heuristics when rendering accuracy judgments. Overall, these results suggest that the utility of verbal classifiers may be enhanced when contextual effects (e.g., lineup presence) impair human estimates of others' performance, but that translating witnesses' statements into classifier scores will not fix the problems of an improperly conducted lineup procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H Grabman
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, United States.
| | - Ian G Dobbins
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States
| | - Chad S Dodson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, United States
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