1201
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Sergeyev O, Burns JS, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Lee MM, Revich B, Hauser R. The association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine chemicals and blood lead with growth and pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of boys: a review of published results from the Russian Children's Study. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:83-92. [PMID: 28231067 PMCID: PMC5536108 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine chemicals and lead are environmental exposures that have endocrine disrupting properties (EDCs) which interfere with many aspects of hormone action. Childhood and adolescence are windows of susceptibility for adverse health effects of EDCs. Our ongoing study, the Russian Children's Study (RCS), is one of the few longitudinal studies investigating the impact of EDCs on growth and puberty in boys. It is conducted in the historically contaminated city of Chapaevsk, in the Samara region. The study focuses on evaluating the associations of persistent organochlorine chemicals and lead with growth and pubertal timing. At enrollment in 2003-2005, we collected blood from 516 boys at ages 8-9 years to measure dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides and lead. At enrollment and at annual visits through the ages of 18-19 years, a physician performed physical examinations that included pubertal staging and testicular volume measurements. We review the history of Chapaevsk as a research site and summarize published RCS data on the association of peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorines and blood lead levels with growth, pubertal onset and sexual maturity. Overall, we found that persistent organochlorines and lead negatively affected growth during puberty. Our results also suggest that total toxic equivalents (TEQs), dioxin-like compounds, organochlorine pesticides and lead may delay, while nondioxin-like-PCBs may advance, the timing of male puberty. These findings promoted remediation programs in Chapaevsk, with improvement in health indicators, resulting in Chapaevsk being designated a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) network "Healthy Cities" in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia
| | - Jane S. Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary M. Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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1202
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Giudice L, Woodruff T, Conry J. Reproductive and developmental environmental health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1203
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Stojanoska MM, Milosevic N, Milic N, Abenavoli L. The influence of phthalates and bisphenol A on the obesity development and glucose metabolism disorders. Endocrine 2017; 55:666-681. [PMID: 27822670 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics presents a great health problem worldwide. Beside the changes in diet and decreased physical activity, there is growing interest in endocrine disrupting chemicals that may have effects on these conditions. Among them, the role of certain phthalates and bisphenol A is confirmed. We have summarized the existing literature on this issue including cross-sectional, follow up epidemiological studies and in vivo and in vitro studies. Most data support the effects of bisphenol A and some phthalates, such as di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibuthyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate and others on the development obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These endocrine disrupting chemicals interfere with different cell signaling pathways involved in weight and glucose homeostasis. Since the data are rather inconsistent, there is a need for new, well-designed prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Medic Stojanoska
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milosevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- University Magna Graecia, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Germaneto, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy.
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1204
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palanza
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma (I), 43100 Parma, Italy
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1205
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Ivell R. Research in Reproduction: Challenges, Needs, and Opportunities. Front Physiol 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28228729 PMCID: PMC5297420 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ivell
- School of Biosciences and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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1206
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Hakim C, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Gestational Hyperandrogenism in Developmental Programming. Endocrinology 2017; 158:199-212. [PMID: 27967205 PMCID: PMC5413081 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen excess (hyperandrogenism) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The potential causes of androgen excess in women include polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), adrenal tumors, and racial disparity among many others. During pregnancy, luteoma, placental aromatase deficiency, and fetal CAH are additional causes of gestational hyperandrogenism. The present report reviews the various phenotypes of hyperandrogenism during pregnancy and its origin, pathophysiology, and the effect of hyperandrogenism on the fetal developmental trajectory and offspring consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hakim
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and
| | - Arpita K. Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin Campus, Odessa, Texas 79763
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1207
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Boronow KE, Susmann HP, Gajos KZ, Rudel RA, Arnold KC, Brown P, Morello-Frosch R, Havas L, Brody JG. DERBI: A Digital Method to Help Researchers Offer "Right-to-Know" Personal Exposure Results. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:A27-A33. [PMID: 28145870 PMCID: PMC5289917 DOI: 10.1289/ehp702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians in environmental health and medicine increasingly show respect for participants and patients by involving them in decision-making. In this context, the return of personal results to study participants is becoming ethical best practice, and many participants now expect to see their data. However, researchers often lack the time and expertise required for report-back, especially as studies measure greater numbers of analytes, including many without clear health guidelines. In this article, our goal is to demonstrate how a prototype digital method, the Digital Exposure Report-Back Interface (DERBI), can reduce practical barriers to high-quality report-back. DERBI uses decision rules to automate the production of personalized summaries of notable results and generates graphs of individual results with comparisons to the study group and benchmark populations. Reports discuss potential sources of chemical exposure, what is known and unknown about health effects, strategies for exposure reduction, and study-wide findings. Researcher tools promote discovery by drawing attention to patterns of high exposure and offer novel ways to increase participant engagement. DERBI reports have been field tested in two studies. Digital methods like DERBI reduce practical barriers to report-back thus enabling researchers to meet their ethical obligations and participants to get knowledge they can use to make informed choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Z. Gajos
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kenneth C. Arnold
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phil Brown
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Laurie Havas
- Child Health and Development Studies Participant Advisory Council, Berkeley, California, USA
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1208
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New insights into fetal mammary gland morphogenesis: differential effects of natural and environmental estrogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40806. [PMID: 28102330 PMCID: PMC5244390 DOI: 10.1038/srep40806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased breast cancer risk during adulthood has been linked to estrogen exposure during fetal life. However, the impossibility of removing estrogens from the feto-maternal unit has hindered the testing of estrogen’s direct effect on mammary gland organogenesis. To overcome this limitation, we developed an ex vivo culture method of the mammary gland where the direct action of estrogens can be tested during embryonic days (E)14 to 19. Mouse mammary buds dissected at E14 and cultured for 5 days showed that estrogens directly altered fetal mammary gland development. Exposure to 0.1 pM, 10 pM, and 1 nM 17 β-estradiol (E2) resulted in monotonic inhibition of mammary buds ductal growth. In contrast, Bisphenol-A (BPA) elicited a non-monotonic response. At environmentally relevant doses (1 nM), BPA significantly increased ductal growth, as previously observed in vivo, while 1 μM BPA significantly inhibited ductal growth. Ductal branching followed the same pattern. This effect of BPA was blocked by Fulvestrant, a full estrogen antagonist, while the effect of estradiol was not. This method may be used to study the hormonal regulation of mammary gland development, and to test newly synthesized chemicals that are released into the environment without proper assessment of their hormonal action on critical targets like the mammary gland.
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1209
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Bloom MS, Fujimoto VY, Storm R, Zhang L, Butts CD, Sollohub D, Jansing RL. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human follicular fluid and in vitro fertilization outcomes, a pilot study. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 67:165-173. [PMID: 28089717 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitously distributed among the U.S. population and adversely impact human reproduction. These compounds have been detected in human ovarian follicular fluid (FF), where they directly contact a developing oocyte. As a pilot investigation, we measured 43 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its persistent metabolite p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in residual FF collected from 32 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). We identified significant inverse associations between higher levels of PCB congeners and indicators of ovarian reserve (e.g., antral follicle count), follicular response to administered gonadotropins (e.g., peak estradiol, number of oocytes retrieved, endometrial thickness), intermediate IVF endpoints (e.g., oocyte fertilization and embryo quality), and clinical IVF outcomes (e.g., embryo implantation and live birth), after adjusting for body mass index, cigarette smoking, race, and age. Our results suggest that ongoing exposure to POPs impacts IVF and merit confirmation in a larger and more definitive future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - Victor Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robin Storm
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Celeste D Butts
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Diana Sollohub
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Jansing
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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1210
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Altamirano GA, Ramos JG, Gomez AL, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Kass L. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A modifies the transcriptional regulation of the β-Casein gene during secretory activation of the rat mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:407-418. [PMID: 27697584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to analyze whether bisphenol A (BPA) modifies β-Casein (β-Cas) synthesis and transcriptional regulation in perinatally exposed animals, here, pregnant F0 rats were orally exposed to 0, 0.6 or 52 μg BPA/kg/day from gestation day 9 until weaning. Then, F1 females were bred and mammary glands were obtained on lactation day 2. Perinatal BPA exposure decreased β-Cas expression without modifying the activation of prolactin receptor. It also decreased the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in BPA52-exposed dams and β1 and α6 integrins as well as dystroglycan in both BPA groups. In addition, BPA exposure altered the expression of histone-modifying enzymes and induced histone modifications and DNA methylation in the promoter, enhancer and exon VII of the β-Cas gene. An impaired crosstalk between the extracellular matrix and lactogenic hormone signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications of the β-Cas gene could be the molecular mechanisms by which BPA decreased β-Cas expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity
- Caseins/genetics
- Caseins/metabolism
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Histones/metabolism
- Lactation/genetics
- Laminin/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Phenols/toxicity
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Laminin/metabolism
- Receptors, Prolactin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Monica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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1211
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1212
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Gillette R, Reilly MP, Topper VY, Thompson LM, Crews D, Gore AC. Anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood are altered in male but not female rats exposed to low dosages of polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. Horm Behav 2017; 87:8-15. [PMID: 27794483 PMCID: PMC5603326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can result in altered reproductive behavior in adulthood, especially when exposure occurs during critical periods of brain sexual differentiation in the fetus. Whether PCBs alter other sexually dimorphic behaviors such as those involved in anxiety is poorly understood. To address this, pregnant rat dams were injected twice, on gestational days 16 and 18, with the weakly estrogenic PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221) at one of two low dosages (0.5mg/kg or 1.0mg/kg, hereafter 1.0 and 0.5), estradiol benzoate (EB; 50μg/kg) as a positive estrogenic control, or the vehicle (3% DMSO in sesame oil). We also conducted a comprehensive assessment of developmental milestones of the F1 male and female offspring. There were no effects of treatment on sex ratio at birth and age at eye opening. Puberty, assessed by vaginal opening in females and preputial separation in males, was not affected in females but was advanced in males treated with A1221 (1.0). Males and females treated with A1221 (both dosages) were heavier in early adulthood relative to controls. The earliest manifestation of this effect developed in males prior to puberty and in females slightly later, during puberty. Anxiety-like behaviors were tested using the light:dark box and elevated plus maze tests in adulthood. In females, anxiety behaviors were unaffected by treatment. Males treated with A1221 (1.0) showed reduced indices of anxiety and increased activity in the light:dark box but not the elevated plus maze. EB failed to replicate the phenotype produced by A1221 for any of the developmental and behavioral endpoints. Collectively, these results indicate that PCBs increase body weight in both sexes, but their effects on anxiety-like behaviors are specific to males. Furthermore, differences between the results of A1221 and EB suggest that the PCBs are likely acting through mechanisms distinct from their estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Gillette
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Viktoria Y Topper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - David Crews
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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1213
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Patisaul HB. Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:134. [PMID: 28674520 PMCID: PMC5475378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that interfere with the organizational or activational effects of hormones. Although the vast majority of the EDC literature focuses on steroid hormone signaling related impacts, growing evidence from a myriad of species reveals that the nonapeptide hormones vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) may also be EDC targets. EDCs shown to alter pathways and behaviors coordinated by AVP and/or OT include the plastics component bisphenol A (BPA), the soy phytoestrogen genistein (GEN), and various flame retardants. Many effects are sex specific and likely involve action at nuclear estrogen receptors. Effects include the elimination or reversal of well-characterized sexually dimorphic aspects of the AVP system, including innervation of the lateral septum and other brain regions critical for social and other non-reproductive behaviors. Disruption of magnocellular AVP function has also been reported in rats, suggesting possible effects on hemodynamics and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Heather B. Patisaul,
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1214
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Choi YJ, Ha KH, Kim DJ. Exposure to bisphenol A is directly associated with inflammation in healthy Korean adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:284-290. [PMID: 27714659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It was recently discovered that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are cardiovascular disruptors. Inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated whether BPA and different phthalate metabolites are associated with the inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in healthy Korean adults. This research is part of an ongoing, population-based study of Korean adults (30-64 years of age) conducted at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC). The study enrolled 200 healthy volunteers (96 men, 104 women). Plasma hs-CRP was measured as an inflammation marker. BPA and five phthalate metabolites in urine were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. BPA and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) differed significantly between the low-hs-CRP (<2 mg/L) and high-hs-CRP (≥2 mg/L) groups. BPA and MBzP were related to hs-CRP in an inverted L-shaped manner. High BPA levels (≥75th percentile) had significant odd ratios (ORs) for high hs-CRP even after adjusting for confounding factors related to obesity and insulin resistance, such as visceral fat volume, body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR = 2.85; 95 % CI, 1.16-6.97). However, there was no significant association for MBzP ≥75th percentile. BPA was significantly related to high hs-CRP, even after adjusting for factors related to obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, BPA could have a direct relationship with systemic inflammation regardless of obesity or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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1215
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Systems Structural Biology Analysis of Ligand Effects on ERα Predicts Cellular Response to Environmental Estrogens and Anti-hormone Therapies. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 24:35-45. [PMID: 28042045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental estrogens and anti-hormone therapies for breast cancer have diverse tissue- and signaling-pathway-selective outcomes, but how estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates this phenotypic diversity is poorly understood. We implemented a statistical approach to allow unbiased, parallel analyses of multiple crystal structures, and identified subtle perturbations of ERα structure by different synthetic and environmental estrogens. Many of these perturbations were in the sub-Å range, within the noise of the individual structures, but contributed significantly to the activities of synthetic and environmental estrogens. Combining structural perturbation data from many structures with quantitative cellular activity profiles of the ligands enabled identification of structural rules for ligand-specific allosteric signaling-predicting activity from structure. This approach provides a framework for understanding the diverse effects of environmental estrogens and for guiding iterative medicinal chemistry efforts to generate improved breast cancer therapies, an approach that can be applied to understanding other ligand-regulated allosteric signaling pathways.
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1216
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Noyes PD, Garcia GR, Tanguay RL. ZEBRAFISH AS AN IN VIVO MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE CHEMICAL DESIGN. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:6410-6430. [PMID: 28461781 PMCID: PMC5408959 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc02061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heightened public awareness about the many thousands of chemicals in use and present as persistent contaminants in the environment has increased the demand for safer chemicals and more rigorous toxicity testing. There is a growing recognition that the use of traditional test models and empirical approaches is impractical for screening for toxicity the many thousands of chemicals in the environment and the hundreds of new chemistries introduced each year. These realities coupled with the green chemistry movement have prompted efforts to implement more predictive-based approaches to evaluate chemical toxicity early in product development. While used for many years in environmental toxicology and biomedicine, zebrafish use has accelerated more recently in genetic toxicology, high throughput screening (HTS), and behavioral testing. This review describes major advances in these testing methods that have positioned the zebrafish as a highly applicable model in chemical safety evaluations and sustainable chemistry efforts. Many toxic responses have been shown to be shared among fish and mammals owing to their generally well-conserved development, cellular networks, and organ systems. These shared responses have been observed for chemicals that impair endocrine functioning, development, and reproduction, as well as those that elicit cardiotoxicity and carcinogenicity, among other diseases. HTS technologies with zebrafish enable screening large chemical libraries for bioactivity that provide opportunities for testing early in product development. A compelling attribute of the zebrafish centers on being able to characterize toxicity mechanisms across multiple levels of biological organization from the genome to receptor interactions and cellular processes leading to phenotypic changes such as developmental malformations. Finally, there is a growing recognition of the links between human and wildlife health and the need for approaches that allow for assessment of real world multi-chemical exposures. The zebrafish is poised to be an important model in bridging these two conventionally separate areas of toxicology and characterizing the biological effects of chemical mixtures that could augment its role in sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D. Noyes
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Gloria R. Garcia
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Robert L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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1217
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Nesan D, Kurrasch DM. Genetic programs of the developing tuberal hypothalamus and potential mechanisms of their disruption by environmental factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:3-17. [PMID: 27720896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical regulator of body homeostasis, influencing the autonomic nervous system and releasing trophic hormones to modulate the endocrine system. The developmental mechanisms that govern formation of the mature hypothalamus are becoming increasingly understood as research in this area grows, leading us to gain appreciation for how these developmental programs are susceptible to disruption by maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals or other environmental factors in utero. These vulnerabilities, combined with the prominent roles of the various hypothalamic nuclei in regulating appetite, reproductive behaviour, mood, and other physiologies, create a window whereby early developmental disruption can have potent long-term effects. Here we broadly outline our current understanding of hypothalamic development, with a particular focus on the tuberal hypothalamus, including what is know about nuclear coalescing and maturation. We finish by discussing how exposure to environmental or maternally-derived factors can perhaps disrupt these hypothalamic developmental programs, and potentially lead to neuroendocrine disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushan Nesan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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1218
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Wagner M. Know thy unknowns: why we need to widen our view on endocrine disruptors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:209-212. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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1219
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Attina TM, Hauser R, Sathyanarayana S, Hunt PA, Bourguignon JP, Myers JP, DiGangi J, Zoeller RT, Trasande L. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:996-1003. [PMID: 27765541 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to disease and dysfunction and incur high associated costs (>1% of the gross domestic product [GDP] in the European Union). Exposure to EDCs varies widely between the USA and Europe because of differences in regulations and, therefore, we aimed to quantify disease burdens and related economic costs to allow comparison. METHODS We used existing models for assessing epidemiological and toxicological studies to reach consensus on probabilities of causation for 15 exposure-response relations between substances and disorders. We used Monte Carlo methods to produce realistic probability ranges for costs across the exposure-response relation, taking into account uncertainties. Estimates were made based on population and costs in the USA in 2010. Costs for the European Union were converted to US$ (€1=$1·33). FINDINGS The disease costs of EDCs were much higher in the USA than in Europe ($340 billion [2·33% of GDP] vs $217 billion [1·28%]). The difference was driven mainly by intelligence quotient (IQ) points loss and intellectual disability due to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (11 million IQ points lost and 43 000 cases costing $266 billion in the USA vs 873 000 IQ points lost and 3290 cases costing $12·6 billion in the European Union). Accounting for probability of causation, in the European Union, organophosphate pesticides were the largest contributor to costs associated with EDC exposure ($121 billion), whereas in the USA costs due to pesticides were much lower ($42 billion). INTERPRETATION EDC exposure in the USA contributes to disease and dysfunction, with annual costs taking up more than 2% of the GDP. Differences from the European Union suggest the need for improved screening for chemical disruption to endocrine systems and proactive prevention. FUNDING Endocrine Society, Ralph S French Charitable Foundation, and Broad Reach Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Attina
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Paediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège and Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Joseph DiGangi
- International Persistent Organic Pollutant Elimination Network, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, Department of Nutrition, Food and Public Health, New York, NY, USA; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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1220
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Tordjman K, Grinshpan L, Novack L, Göen T, Segev D, Beacher L, Stern N, Berman T. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals among residents of a rural vegetarian/vegan community. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:68-75. [PMID: 27792907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly thought to be involved in the rising prevalence of disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and some hormone-dependent cancers. Several lines of evidence have indicated that vegetarian and vegan diets may offer some protection from such diseases. We hypothesized that exposure to selected EDCs among residents of the unique vegetarian/vegan community of Amirim would be lower than what has recently been reported for the omnivorous population in the first Israel Biomonitoring Study (IBMS). METHODS We studied 42 Amirim residents (29 vegetarians/13 vegans; 24 women/18men, aged 50.7±13.7y). Subjects answered detailed lifestyle, and multipass, memory-based 24-hr dietary recall questionnaires. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), 11 phthalate metabolites, and the isoflavone phytoestrogens (genistein and daidzein) were determined by GC or LC tandem mass-spectrometry on a spot urine sample. The results were compared to those obtained following the same methodology in the Jewish subgroup of the IBMS (n=184). RESULTS While a vegetarian/vegan nutritional pattern had no effect on exposure to BPA, it seemed to confer a modest protection (~21%) from exposure to high molecular weight phthalates. Furthermore, the summed metabolites of the high molecular weight phthalate DiNP were 36% lower in vegans compared to vegetarians (P<0.05). In contrast, Amirim residents exhibited a level of exposure to isoflavone phytoestrogens about an order of magnitude higher than in the IBMS (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Israel, a country whose inhabitants demonstrate exposure to EDCs comparable to that of the US and Canada, a voluntary lifestyle of vegetarianism and preference for organic food has a modest, but possibly valuable, impact on exposure to phthalates, while it is associated with a very steep increase in the exposure to phytoestrogens. Major reduction in exposure to EDCs will require regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tordjman
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Laura Grinshpan
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dar Segev
- Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Lisa Beacher
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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1221
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Scinicariello F, Buser MC. Serum Testosterone Concentrations and Urinary Bisphenol A, Benzophenone-3, Triclosan, and Paraben Levels in Male and Female Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2011-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1898-1904. [PMID: 27383665 PMCID: PMC5132630 DOI: 10.1289/ehp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental phenols (e.g., bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, and triclosan) and parabens is widespread in the population. Many of these chemicals have been shown to have anti-androgenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), triclosan (TCS), and parabens with serum total testosterone (TT) levels in child and adolescent participants (ages 6-19 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. METHODS We performed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between natural log-transformed serum TT and quartiles of urinary BPA, BP-3, TCS, and parabens in male and female children (ages 6-11 years) and adolescents (ages 12-19 years). RESULTS BP-3 and BPA were associated with significantly lower TT in male adolescents, and BPA was associated with significantly higher TT in female adolescents. TT was not consistently associated with TCS or total parabens in children or adolescents of either sex. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of both BP-3 and BPA with serum TT in adolescents. Associations between BPA and TT differed according to sex in adolescents, with inverse associations in boys and positive associations in girls. BP-3 was associated with significantly lower TT in adolescent boys only. However, because of the limitations inherent to the cross-sectional study design, further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate on our findings. Citation: Scinicariello F, Buser MC. 2016. Serum testosterone concentrations and urinary bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, triclosan, and paraben levels in male and female children and adolescents: NHANES 2011-2012. Environ Health Perspect 124:1898-1904; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Scinicariello
- Address correspondence to F. Scinicariello, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Telephone: (770) 488-3331. E-mail:
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1222
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Parent AS, Pinson A, Woods N, Chatzi C, Vaaga CE, Bensen A, Gérard A, Thome JP, Bourguignon JP, Westbrook GL. Early exposure to Aroclor 1254 in vivo disrupts the functional synaptic development of newborn hippocampal granule cells. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:3001-3010. [PMID: 27740705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus is sensitive to endogenous and exogenous factors that influence hippocampal function. Ongoing neurogenesis and the integration of these new neurons throughout life thus may provide a sensitive indicator of environmental stress. We examined the effects of Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), on the development and function of newly generated dentate granule cells. Early exposure to A1254 has been associated with learning impairment in children, suggesting potential impact on the development of hippocampus and/or cortical circuits. Oral A1254 (from the 6th day of gestation to postnatal day 21) produced the expected increase in PCB levels in brain at postnatal day 21, which persisted at lower levels into adulthood. A1254 did not affect the proliferation or survival of newborn neurons in immature animals nor did it cause overt changes in neuronal morphology. However, A1254 occluded the normal developmental increase in sEPSC frequency in the third post-mitotic week without altering the average sEPSC amplitude. Our results suggest that early exposure to PCBs can disrupt excitatory synaptic function during a period of active synaptogenesis, and thus could contribute to the cognitive effects noted in children exposed to PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-N, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Pinson
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-N, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Woods
- Vollum Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Chatzi
- Vollum Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - A Bensen
- Vollum Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A Gérard
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-N, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - J P Thome
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J P Bourguignon
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-N, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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1223
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Sathyanarayana S, Grady R, Barrett ES, Redmon B, Nguyen RHN, Barthold JS, Bush NR, Swan SH. First trimester phthalate exposure and male newborn genital anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:777-782. [PMID: 27567446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-androgenic phthalates are environmental chemicals that affect male genital development in rodents leading to genitourinary birth defects. We examined whether first trimester phthalate exposure may exert similar effects in humans leading to an increased incidence of newborn male genital anomalies in a multi-center cohort study. METHODS We recruited first trimester pregnant women within The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES) from 2010 to 2012 from four study centers and limited analyses to all mother/male infant dyads who had complete urinary phthalate and birth exam data (N=371). We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the odds of having a genital anomaly in relation to phthalate exposure. RESULTS Hydrocele was the primary abnormality observed in the cohort (N=30) followed by undescended testes (N=5) and hypospadias (N=3). We observed a statistically significant 2.5 fold increased risk (95% CI 1.1, 5.9) of having any anomaly and 3.0 fold increased risk (95% CI 1.2, 7.6) of isolated hydrocele in relation to a one log unit increase in the sum of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. CONCLUSIONS First trimester urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were associated with increased odds of any newborn genital anomaly, and this association was primarily driven by isolated hydrocele which made up the majority of anomalies in newborn males. The association with hydrocele has not been previously reported and suggests that it may be an endpoint affected by prenatal phthalate exposures in the first trimester of development. Future human studies should include hydrocele assessment in order to confirm findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Richard Grady
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Redmon
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia S Barthold
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children, DE, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City, NY, USA
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1224
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Mitro SD, Dodson RE, Singla V, Adamkiewicz G, Elmi AF, Tilly MK, Zota AR. Consumer Product Chemicals in Indoor Dust: A Quantitative Meta-analysis of U.S. Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10661-10672. [PMID: 27623734 PMCID: PMC5052660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is a reservoir for commercial consumer product chemicals, including many compounds with known or suspected health effects. However, most dust exposure studies measure few chemicals in small samples. We systematically searched the U.S. indoor dust literature on phthalates, replacement flame retardants (RFRs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), synthetic fragrances, and environmental phenols and estimated pooled geometric means (GMs) and 95% confidence intervals for 45 chemicals measured in ≥3 data sets. In order to rank and contextualize these results, we used the pooled GMs to calculate residential intake from dust ingestion, inhalation, and dermal uptake from air, and then identified hazard traits from the Safer Consumer Products Candidate Chemical List. Our results indicate that U.S. indoor dust consistently contains chemicals from multiple classes. Phthalates occurred in the highest concentrations, followed by phenols, RFRs, fragrance, and PFASs. Several phthalates and RFRs had the highest residential intakes. We also found that many chemicals in dust share hazard traits such as reproductive and endocrine toxicity. We offer recommendations to maximize comparability of studies and advance indoor exposure science. This information is critical in shaping future exposure and health studies, especially related to cumulative exposures, and in providing evidence for intervention development and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D. Mitro
- Milken
Institute School of Public Health, George
Washington University, Washington,
D.C. 20052, United States
| | | | - Veena Singla
- Health
and Environment Program, Natural Resources
Defense Council, San Francisco, California 94104, United States
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Harvard T. H.
Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Angelo F. Elmi
- Milken
Institute School of Public Health, George
Washington University, Washington,
D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Monica K. Tilly
- Health
and Environment Program, Natural Resources
Defense Council, San Francisco, California 94104, United States
- Occupational
and Environmental Medicine Program, University
of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Milken
Institute School of Public Health, George
Washington University, Washington,
D.C. 20052, United States
- Phone: (202) 994-9289; fax: 2052-994-0082; e-mail:
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1225
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Li YY, Chen J, Qin ZF. Determining the optimal developmental stages of Xenopus laevis for initiating exposures to chemicals for sensitively detecting their feminizing effects on gonadal differentiation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:134-142. [PMID: 27611864 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis is an important model for detecting feminizing effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on amphibians because its genetic males can be induced to phenotypic females by estrogenic chemicals. It is crucial that chemical exposures begin at sensitive developmental stages for gonadal sex-reversal in X. laevis. To determine the optimal stages for initiating exposures, we investigated gonadal sex-reversal induced by low concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) when exposures were initiated at different stages (3/4, 45/46, 48 and 50) until stage 58. We found that 0.1nM EE2 resulted in 85%, 86%, 43%, and 19% intersex, whereas 1nM EE2 caused 77%, 81%, 17%, and 8% phenotypic females, when genetic male tadpoles were exposed from stages 3/4, 45/46, 48 and 50, respectively. The data show the sensitivity of X. laevis gonads to EE2 at stages 45/46 is similar with that at stages 3/4, but the sensitivity decreases at stage 48 and stage 50, displaying a developmental stage-dependent manner. In another experiment using the offspring of another pair of frogs, we confirmed high sensitivity of X. laevis gonads at stages 45/46 to low concentrations of EE2. Considering that stages 45/46 tadpoles are easier to manipulate and have higher survival rates than earlier embryos, we propose that stages 45/46 are the optimal stages for initiating exposure for detecting feminizing effects of EDCs on gonadal differentiation in X. laevis. The developmental stages for initiating exposures we determined will guarantee the high sensitivity for detecting feminizing effects of EDCs with low estrogenic activities on gonadal differentiation in X. laevis. Also, our study suggests that gonadal differentiation in X. laevis possibly begins at stages 45/46, but not at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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1226
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Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on onset and development of female reproductive disorders and hormone-related cancer. Reprod Biol 2016; 16:243-254. [PMID: 27692877 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to chemical substances designated as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their ability to disturb endocrine (hormonal) activity in humans and animals, may contribute to problems with fertility, pregnancy, and other aspects of reproduction. The presence of EDCs has already been associated with reproductive malfunction in wildlife species, but it remains difficult to prove causal relationships between the presence of EDCs and specific reproductive problems in vivo, especially in females. On the other hand, the increasing number of experiments with laboratory animals and in vitro research indicate the ability of different EDCs to influence the normal function of female reproductive system, and even their association with cancer development or progression. Research shows that EDCs may pose the greatest risk during prenatal and early postnatal development when organ and neural systems are forming. In this review article, we aim to point out a possible contribution of EDCs to the onset and development of female reproductive disorders and endocrine-related cancers with regard to the period of exposure to EDCs and affected endpoints (organs or processes).
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1227
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Katz TA, Yang Q, Treviño LS, Walker CL, Al-Hendy A. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:967-77. [PMID: 27553264 PMCID: PMC5051569 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are the most frequent gynecologic tumor, affecting 70% to 80% of women over their lifetime. Although these tumors are benign, they can cause significant morbidity and may require invasive treatments such as myomectomy and hysterectomy. Many risk factors for these tumors have been identified, including environmental exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as genistein and diethylstilbestrol. Uterine development may be a particularly sensitive window to environmental exposures, as some perinatal EDC exposures have been shown to increase tumorigenesis in both rodent models and human epidemiologic studies. The mechanisms by which EDC exposures may increase tumorigenesis are still being elucidated, but epigenetic reprogramming of the developing uterus is an emerging hypothesis. Given the remarkably high incidence of uterine fibroids and their significant impact on women's health, understanding more about how prenatal exposures to EDCs (and other environmental agents) may increase fibroid risk could be key to developing prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Katz
- Health Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lindsey S Treviño
- Health Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheryl Lyn Walker
- Health Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Kwiatkowski CF, Bolden AL, Liroff RA, Rochester JR, Vandenbergh JG. Twenty-Five Years of Endocrine Disruption Science: Remembering Theo Colborn. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A151-4. [PMID: 27580976 PMCID: PMC5010401 DOI: 10.1289/ehp746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For nearly 30 years, Dr. Theo Colborn (1927–2014) dedicated herself to studying the harmful effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, humans, and the environment. More recently, she extended this effort to address the health impacts of unconventional oil and gas development. Colborn was a visionary leader who excelled at synthesizing scientific findings across disciplines. Using her unique insights and strong moral convictions, she changed the face of toxicological research, influenced chemical regulatory policy, and educated the public. In 2003, Colborn started a nonprofit organization—The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX). As we celebrate the 25th anniversary of endocrine disruption science, TEDX continues her legacy of analyzing the extensive body of environmental health research and developing unique educational resources to support public policy and education. Among other tools, TEDX currently uses the systematic review framework developed by the National Toxicology Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, to answer research questions of pressing concern. In this article, we pay homage to the tenacious woman and the exemplary contribution she made to the field of environmental health. Recommendations for the future of the field are drawn from her wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol F. Kwiatkowski
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), Paonia, Colorado, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Bloom MS, Mok-Lin E, Fujimoto VY. Bisphenol A and ovarian steroidogenesis. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:857-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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1230
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Ahmed R. Maternal bisphenol A alters fetal endocrine system: Thyroid adipokine dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1231
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Environmental toxicants: hidden players on the reproductive stage. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:791-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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1232
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Yang X, Liu H, Liu J, Li F, Li X, Shi L, Chen J. Rational Selection of the 3D Structure of Biomacromolecules for Molecular Docking Studies on the Mechanism of Endocrine Disruptor Action. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1565-70. [PMID: 27556396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling has become an essential tool in predicting and simulating endocrine disrupting effects of chemicals. A key prerequisite for successful application of molecular modeling lies in the correctness of 3D structure for biomacromolecules to be simulated. To date, there are several databases that can provide the experimentally-determined 3D structures. However, commonly, there are many challenges or disadvantageous factors, e.g., (a) lots of 3D structures for a given biomacromolecular target in the protein database; (b) the quality variability for those structures; (c) belonging to different species; (d) mutant amino acid residue in key positions, and so on. Once an inappropriate 3D structure of a target biomacromolecule was selected in molecular modeling, the accuracy and scientific nature of the modeling results could be inevitably affected. In this article, based on literature survey and an analysis of the 3D structure characterization of biomacromolecular targets belonging to the endocrine system in protein databases, six principles were proposed to guide the selection of the appropriate 3D structure of biomacromolecules. The principles include considering the species diversity, the mechanism of action, whether there are mutant amino acid residues, whether the number of protein chains is correct, the degree of structural similarity between the ligand in 3D structure and the target compounds, and other factors, e.g., the experimental pH conditions of the structure determined process and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jining Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fei Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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1233
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Roncati L, Termopoli V, Pusiol T. Negative Role of the Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in the Human Neurodevelopment. Front Neurol 2016; 7:143. [PMID: 27625632 PMCID: PMC5003883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptors (EDs) are able to influence the endocrine system, mimicking or antagonizing hormonal molecules. They are bio-persistent for their degradation resistance in the environment. Our research group has investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) the EDs presence in 35 brain samples, coming from 27 cases of sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) and 8 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), collected by centralization in the last year (2015). More in detail, a mixture of 25 EDs has been subjected to analytical procedure, following standard protocols. Among the target analytes, some organochlorine pesticides, that is α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, heptachlor, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, and the two most commonly used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos, have been found in seven and three samples, respectively. The analytical procedure used to detect the presence of environmental EDs in cortex samples has been successfully implemented on SIUDS and SIDS victims. The environmental EDs have been found to be able to overcome the placental barrier, reaching also the basal ganglia assigned to the control of the vital functions. This finding, related to the OPPs bio-persistence, implies a conceptual redefinition of the fetal–placental and fetal blood–brain barriers: not real safety barriers but simply time-deferral mechanisms of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, Trentino, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Life and Environment (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino , Urbino , Italy
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital , Rovereto, Trentino , Italy
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1234
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Alonso-Magdalena P, Rivera FJ, Guerrero-Bosagna C. Bisphenol-A and metabolic diseases: epigenetic, developmental and transgenerational basis. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw022. [PMID: 29492299 PMCID: PMC5804535 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants is now accepted as a factor contributing to the increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases around the world. Such environmental compounds are known as 'obesogens'. Among them, bisphenol-A (BPA) is the most widespread and ubiquitous compound affecting humans and animals. Laboratory animal work has provided conclusive evidence that early-life exposure to BPA is particularly effective in predisposing individuals to weight gain. Embryonic exposure to BPA is reported to generate metabolic disturbances later in life, such as obesity and diabetes. When BPA administration is combined with a high-fat diet, there is an exacerbation in the development of metabolic disorders. Remarkably, upon BPA exposure of gestating females, metabolic disturbances have been found both in the offspring and later in life in the mothers themselves. When considering the metabolic effects generated by an early developmental exposure to BPA, one of the questions that arises is the role of precursor cells in the etiology of metabolic disorders. Current evidence shows that BPA and other endocrine disruptors have the ability to alter fat tissue development and growth by affecting the capacity to generate functional adipocytes, as well as their rate of differentiation to specific cell types. Epigenetic mechanisms seem to be involved in the BPA-induced effects related to obesity, as they have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, recent reports also show that developmental exposure to BPA generates abnormalities that can be transmitted to future generations, in a process called as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco J. Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute for Molecular Regenerative Medicine and Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Avian Behavioral Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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1235
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Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Metabolic Changes in Children. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2016; 46:255-85. [PMID: 27401018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic disease have been rising over the past several decades. Although diet and physical activity play important roles in these trends, other environmental factors also may contribute to this significant public health issue. In this article, we discuss the possibility that widespread exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases in children. We summarize the epidemiological evidence on exposure to environmental chemicals during early development and metabolic outcomes in infants and children. Prenatal exposure to EDCs, particularly the persistent organic pollutant DDT and its metabolite DDE, may influence growth patterns during infancy and childhood. The altered growth patterns associated with EDCs vary according to exposure level, sex, exposure timing, pubertal status, and age at which growth is measured. Early exposure to air pollutants also is linked to impaired metabolism in infants and children. As a result of these and other studies, professional health provider societies have called for a reduction in environmental chemical exposures. We summarize the resources available to health care providers to counsel patients on how to reduce chemical exposures. We conclude with a discussion of environmental policies that address chemical exposures and ultimately aim to improve public health.
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1236
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Raff H. Do the Effects of the Triorganotin Tributyltin on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis In Vivo Contribute to Its Environmental Toxicity? Endocrinology 2016; 157:2996-8. [PMID: 27477861 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Raff
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215
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Nappi F, Barrea L, Di Somma C, Savanelli MC, Muscogiuri G, Orio F, Savastano S. Endocrine Aspects of Environmental "Obesogen" Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080765. [PMID: 27483295 PMCID: PMC4997451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests the causal link between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the global obesity epidemics, in the context in the so-called “obesogenic environment”. Dietary intake of contaminated foods and water, especially in association with unhealthy eating pattern, and inhalation of airborne pollutants represent the major sources of human exposure to EDCs. This is of particular concern in view of the potential impact of obesity on chronic non-transmissible diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hormone-sensitive cancers. The key concept is the identification of adipose tissue not only as a preferential site of storage of EDCs, but also as an endocrine organ and, as such, susceptible to endocrine disruption. The timing of exposure to EDCs is critical to the outcome of that exposure, with early lifetime exposures (e.g., fetal or early postnatal) particularly detrimental because of their permanent effects on obesity later in life. Despite that the mechanisms operating in EDCs effects might vary enormously, this minireview is aimed to provide a general overview on the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and EDCs, briefly describing the endocrine mechanisms linking EDCs exposure and latent onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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1238
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Vandenberg LN, Ågerstrand M, Beronius A, Beausoleil C, Bergman Å, Bero LA, Bornehag CG, Boyer CS, Cooper GS, Cotgreave I, Gee D, Grandjean P, Guyton KZ, Hass U, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Kortenkamp A, Macleod MR, Martin OV, Norinder U, Scheringer M, Thayer KA, Toppari J, Whaley P, Woodruff TJ, Rudén C. A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Environ Health 2016; 15:74. [PMID: 27412149 PMCID: PMC4944316 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and in silico data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs. METHODS We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity. RESULTS Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs. CONCLUSIONS When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- />ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Bero
- />Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- />Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- />Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - C. Scott Boyer
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Ian Cotgreave
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - David Gee
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- />Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Hass
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- />National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Susan Jobling
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Karen A. Kidd
- />Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick Canada
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- />Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Olwenn V. Martin
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ulf Norinder
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Martin Scheringer
- />Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- />Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- />University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Paul Whaley
- />Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- />School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Christina Rudén
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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1239
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Trasande L, Vandenberg LN, Bourguignon JP, Myers JP, Slama R, Vom Saal F, Zoeller RT. Peer-reviewed and unbiased research, rather than 'sound science', should be used to evaluate endocrine-disrupting chemicals. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1051-1056. [PMID: 27417427 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence increasingly confirms that synthetic chemicals disrupt the endocrine system and contribute to disease and disability across the lifespan. Despite a United Nations Environment Programme/WHO report affirmed by over 100 countries at the Fourth International Conference on Chemicals Management, 'manufactured doubt' continues to be cast as a cloud over rigorous, peer-reviewed and independently funded scientific data. This study describes the sources of doubt and their social costs, and suggested courses of action by policymakers to prevent disease and disability. The problem is largely based on the available data, which are all too limited. Rigorous testing programmes should not simply focus on oestrogen, androgen and thyroid. Tests should have proper statistical power. 'Good laboratory practice' (GLP) hardly represents a proper or even gold standard for laboratory studies of endocrine disruption. Studies should be evaluated with regard to the contamination of negative controls, responsiveness to positive controls and dissection techniques. Flaws in many GLP studies have been identified, yet regulatory agencies rely on these flawed studies. Peer-reviewed and unbiased research, rather than 'sound science', should be used to evaluate endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Department of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA Department of Nutrition, Food & Public Health, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York, New York, USA NYU Global Institute of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège and Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, Universite de Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Remy Slama
- Inserm, CNRS and Univ. Grenoble Alpes joint research center (IAB), Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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1240
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Ziv-Gal A, Flaws JA. Evidence for bisphenol A-induced female infertility: a review (2007-2016). Fertil Steril 2016; 106:827-56. [PMID: 27417731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We summarized the scientific literature published from 2007 to 2016 on the potential effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on female fertility. We focused on overall fertility outcomes (e.g., ability to become pregnant, number of offspring), organs that are important for female reproduction (i.e., oviduct, uterus, ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary), and reproductive-related processes (i.e., estrous cyclicity, implantation, and hormonal secretion). The reviewed literature indicates that BPA may be associated with infertility in women. Potential explanations for this association can be generated from experimental studies. Specifically, BPA may alter overall female reproductive capacity by affecting the morphology and function of the oviduct, uterus, ovary, and hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis in animal models. In addition, BPA may disrupt estrous cyclicity and implantation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better understand the exact mechanisms of action and to detect potential reproductive toxicity at earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ziv-Gal
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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1241
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Suvorov A, Vandenberg LN. To Cull or Not To Cull? Considerations for Studies of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2586-94. [PMID: 27175970 PMCID: PMC4929555 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The power of animal models is derived from the ability to control experimental variables so that observed effects may be unequivocally attributed to the factor that was changed. One variable that is difficult to control in animal experiments is the number and composition of offspring in a litter. To account for this variability, artificial equalization of the number of offspring in a litter (culling) is often used. The rationale for culling, however, has always been controversial. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept provides a new context to evaluate the pros and cons of culling in laboratory animal studies, especially in the context of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Emerging evidence indicates that culling, especially of large litters, can drastically change the feeding status of a pup, which can result in compensatory growth with long-term consequences for the animal, including increased risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. Similarly, culling of litters to intentionally bias sex ratios can alter the animal's behavior and physiology, with effects observed on a wide range of outcomes. Thus, in an attempt to control for variability in developmental rates, culling introduces an uncontrolled or confounding variable, which itself may affect a broad spectrum of health-related consequences. Variabilities in culling protocols could be responsible for differences in responses to endocrine-disrupting chemicals reported across studies. Because litter sex composition and size are vectors that can influence both prenatal and postnatal growth, they are essential considerations for the interpretation of results from laboratory animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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1242
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Soriano S, Ripoll C, Alonso-Magdalena P, Fuentes E, Quesada I, Nadal A, Martinez-Pinna J. Effects of Bisphenol A on ion channels: Experimental evidence and molecular mechanisms. Steroids 2016; 111:12-20. [PMID: 26930576 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) produced in huge quantities in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is present in most humans in developed countries, acting as a xenoestrogen and it is considered an environmental risk factor associated to several diseases. Among the whole array of identified mechanisms by which BPA can interfere with physiological processes in living organisms, changes on ion channel activity is one of the most poorly understood. There is still little evidence about BPA regulation of ion channel expression and function. However, this information is key to understand how BPA disrupts excitable and non-excitable cells, including neurons, endocrine cells and muscle cells. This report is the result of a comprehensive literature review on the effects of BPA on ion channels. We conclude that there is evidence to say that these important molecules may be key end-points for EDCs acting as xenoestrogens. However, more research on channel-mediated BPA effects is needed. Particularly, mechanistic studies to unravel the pathophysiological actions of BPA on ion channels at environmentally relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Soriano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Esther Fuentes
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain.
| | - Juan Martinez-Pinna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Spain.
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1243
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Hart RJ. Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:873-909. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing. Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in conceiving for many couples. Furthermore, lifestyle factors may exacerbate a couple's difficulty in conceiving due mainly to the metabolic influence of obesity; however, the negative impacts of low peripheral body fat, excessive exercise, the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, and smoking all have significant negative effects on fertility. Other factors that impede conception are the perceived increasing prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is further exacerbated by obesity, and the presence of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (a progressive pelvic inflammatory disorder) which are more prevalent in older women. A tendency for an earlier sexual debut and to have more sexual partners has led to an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, there are several genetic influences that may limit the number of oocytes within the ovary; consequently, by postponing attempts at childbearing, a limitation of oocyte number may become evident, whereas in previous generations with earlier conception this potentially reduced reproductive life span did not manifest in infertility. Environmental influences on reproduction are under increasing scrutiny. Although firm evidence is lacking however, dioxin exposure may be linked to endometriosis, phthalate exposure may influence ovarian reserve, and bisphenol A may interfere with oocyte development and maturation. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recognized to lead to ovarian damage and predispose the woman to ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Hart
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia & Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Subiaco, Perth Western Australia
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1244
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Zlatnik MG. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health. J Midwifery Womens Health 2016; 61:442-55. [PMID: 27391253 PMCID: PMC6701840 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence linking industrial chemicals to a variety of health and reproductive outcomes. Industrial chemical production has increased over the past 30 to 40 years. Basic science, animal models, and epidemiologic data suggest that certain chemicals may act as endocrine disruptors (substances that interfere with normal hormonal action) and may play an etiologic role in a number of conditions whose incidence has also increased during this same period. These include low birth weight, gestational diabetes, obesity, certain cancers, certain birth defects, and neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit disorder and autism. In addition, some environmental chemicals may have epigenetic effects, resulting in transgenerational health impacts. The epidemiologic and experimental evidence that links chemicals such as plasticizers (eg, phthalates and phenols), flame retardants, perfluorinated compounds, and pesticides with adverse reproductive health outcomes is reviewed. Women's health care providers are the liaison between scientific research and their patients; they should educate themselves on the significance of environmental toxins to health. They are ideally positioned, not only to counsel and reassure pregnant women, but also to suggest practicable changes in dietary and lifestyle habits to improve their health. Furthermore, women's health care providers should advocate for regulatory changes that protect women and their families from the health effects of environmental toxins.
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1245
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Green JM, Metz J, Lee O, Trznadel M, Takesono A, Brown AR, Owen SF, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. High-Content and Semi-Automated Quantification of Responses to Estrogenic Chemicals Using a Novel Translucent Transgenic Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6536-45. [PMID: 27227508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid embryogenesis, together with genetic similarities with mammals, and the desire to reduce mammalian testing, are major incentives for using the zebrafish model in chemical screening and testing. Transgenic zebrafish, engineered for identifying target gene expression through expression of fluorophores, have considerable potential for both high-content and high-throughput testing of chemicals for endocrine activity. Here we generated an estrogen responsive transgenic zebrafish model in a pigment-free "Casper" phenotype, facilitating identification of target tissues and quantification of these responses in whole intact fish. Using the ERE-GFP-Casper model we show chemical type and concentration dependence for green fluorescent protein (GFP) induction and both spatial and temporal responses for different environmental estrogens tested. We also developed a semiautomated (ArrayScan) imaging and image analysis system that we applied to quantify whole body fluorescence responses for a range of different estrogenic chemicals in the new transgenic zebrafish model. The zebrafish model developed provides a sensitive and highly integrative system for identifying estrogenic chemicals, their target tissues and effect concentrations for exposures in real time and across different life stages. It thus has application for chemical screening to better direct health effects analysis of environmental estrogens and for investigating the functional roles of estrogens in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Green
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Metz
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Aya Takesono
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - A Ross Brown
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment , Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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1246
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Ali I, Hurmerinta T, Nurmi T, Berglund M, Rüegg J, Poutanen M, Halldin K, Mäkelä S, Damdimopoulou P. From pure compounds to complex exposure: Effects of dietary cadmium and lignans on estrogen, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2016; 253:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1247
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Wang Q, Trevino LS, Wong RLY, Medvedovic M, Chen J, Ho SM, Shen J, Foulds CE, Coarfa C, O'Malley BW, Shilatifard A, Walker CL. Reprogramming of the Epigenome by MLL1 Links Early-Life Environmental Exposures to Prostate Cancer Risk. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:856-71. [PMID: 27219490 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ development is a time of exquisite sensitivity to environmental exposures, which can reprogram developing tissues to increase susceptibility to adult diseases, including cancer. In the developing prostate, even brief exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can increase risk for developing cancer in adulthood, with disruption of the epigenome thought to play a key role in this developmental reprogramming. We find that EDC-induced nongenomic phosphoinositide 3-kinase; (PI3K) signaling engages the histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), responsible for the histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) active epigenetic mark, to increase cleavage and formation of active MLL1 dimers. In the developing prostate, EDC-induced MLL1 activation increased H3K4me3 at genes associated with prostate cancer, with increased H3K4me3 and elevated basal and hormone-induced expression of reprogrammed genes persisting into adulthood. These data identify a mechanism for MLL1 activation that is vulnerable to disruption by environmental exposures, and link MLL1 activation by EDCs to developmental reprogramming of genes involved in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Lindsey S Trevino
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rebecca Lee Yean Wong
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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1248
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Vandenberg LN, Prins GS. Clarity in the face of confusion: new studies tip the scales on bisphenol A (BPA). Andrology 2016; 4:561-4. [PMID: 27189146 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - G S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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1249
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Singal AK, Jain VG, Gazali Z, Shekhawat P. Shorter anogenital distance correlates with the severity of hypospadias in pre-pubertal boys. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1406-10. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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1250
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Lind L, Lind PM, Lejonklou MH, Dunder L, Bergman Å, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Lampa E, Lee HK, Legler J, Nadal A, Pak YK, Phipps RP, Vandenberg LN, Zalko D, Ågerstrand M, Öberg M, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ, Birnbaum LS. Uppsala Consensus Statement on Environmental Contaminants and the Global Obesity Epidemic. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A81-3. [PMID: 27135406 PMCID: PMC4858400 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1511115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Summary: From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8–9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - Margareta H. Lejonklou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR1331 (Unité Mixe de Recherche 1331), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, INPT (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse), UPS (Universite Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
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