1201
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Al-Tammemi AB, Barakat M, Al Tamimi D, Alhallaq SA, Al Hasan DM, Khasawneh GM, Naqera KA, Jaradat RM, Farah FW, Al-Maqableh HO, Abuawad A, Othman B, Tarhini Z, Odeh H, Khatatbeh M, Akour A, Aljaberi MA, Kolozsvári LR. Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and the Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and Quit Intention: Findings from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211053022. [PMID: 34866951 PMCID: PMC8637701 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211053022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between smoking and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people's beliefs toward smoking as well as their smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the following domains in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the beliefs that surround smoking/vaping and COVID-19 and (ii) the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan from March 9 to March 16, 2021, utilizing a web-based structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CCs), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (ECs), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. RESULTS Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our study, there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217 ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD: 11.06). Most participants have reported anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also, 71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course, while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5% (n = 126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a COVID-19-related reason, such as self-protection (n = 123) and protection of family members (n = 121) which were the most cited reasons. Also, around 63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic. However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Most participants' beliefs and attitudes were against smoking during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Tamimi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Princess Muna College of Nursing, Mutah University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami A Alhallaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima M Al Hasan
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghena M Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalil Abu Naqera
- Department of Health, The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jordan Field Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raghad M Jaradat
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi W Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Basheer Hospital, Jordanian Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hindya O Al-Maqableh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abuawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zeinab Tarhini
- CAPTuR Laboratory, Control of Cell Activation in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance, Limoges, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Hamza Odeh
- International Medical Corps (IMC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - László Róbert Kolozsvári
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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1202
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Reschen ME, Bowen J, Novak A, Giles M, Singh S, Lasserson D, O'Callaghan CA. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department attendances and acute medical admissions. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:143. [PMID: 34800973 PMCID: PMC8605447 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital healthcare, we studied activity in the emergency department (ED) and acute medicine department of a major UK hospital. METHODS Electronic patient records for all adult patients attending ED (n = 243,667) or acute medicine (n = 82,899) during the pandemic (2020-2021) and prior year (2019) were analysed and compared. We studied parameters including severity, primary diagnoses, co-morbidity, admission rate, length of stay, bed occupancy, and mortality, with a focus on non-COVID-19 diseases. RESULTS During the first wave of the pandemic, daily ED attendance fell by 37%, medical admissions by 30% and medical bed occupancy by 27%, but all returned to normal within a year. ED attendances and medical admissions fell across all age ranges; the greatest reductions were seen for younger adults in ED attendances, but in older adults for medical admissions. Compared to non-COVID-19 pandemic admissions, COVID-19 admissions were enriched for minority ethnic groups, for dementia, obesity and diabetes, but had lower rates of malignancy. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, non-COVID-19 pandemic admissions had more hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, liver disease, and obesity. There were fewer low severity ED attendances during the pandemic and fewer medical admissions across all severity categories. There were fewer ED attendances with common non-respiratory illnesses including cardiac diagnoses, but no change in cardiac arrests. COVID-19 was the commonest diagnosis amongst medical admissions during the first wave and there were fewer diagnoses of pneumonia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cellulitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, urinary tract infection and other sepsis, but not stroke. Levels had rebounded by a year later with a trend to higher levels of stroke than before the pandemic. During the pandemic first wave, 7-day mortality was increased for ED attendances, but not for non-COVID-19 medical admissions. CONCLUSIONS Reduced ED attendances in the first wave of the pandemic suggest opportunities for reducing low severity presentations to ED in the future, but also raise the possibility of harm from delayed or missed care. Reassuringly, recent rises in attendance and admissions indicate that any deterrent effect of the pandemic on attendance is diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Reschen
- Department of Acute General Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jordan Bowen
- Department of Acute General Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Novak
- Emergency Medicine Research Oxford (EMROx), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew Giles
- Department of Acute General Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Department of Acute General Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Lasserson
- Department of Acute General Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A O'Callaghan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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1203
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Aranjani JM, Manuel A, Abdul Razack HI, Mathew ST. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: Evidence-based critical review of an emerging infection burden during the pandemic's second wave in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009921. [PMID: 34793455 PMCID: PMC8601521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos in India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, the number of severe cases has increased dramatically. The country has encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, and oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, has seen a sudden surge in patients with COVID-19. The rhino-orbital-cerebral form is the most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths of them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity and received corticosteroids to treat COVID-19. Possible mechanisms may involve immune and inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled with COVID-19-induced systemic immune change, tends to cause decreased immunity and an increased risk of secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic infection are evolving against the backdrop of a major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily involve managing comorbid conditions in high-risk groups. The recommended treatment strategies primarily included surgical debridement and antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B and selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged to rightly diagnose the infection, characterise the clinical presentation, understand the pathogenesis involved, and track the disease course. Code Mucor is the most comprehensive one, which proposes a simple but reliable staging system for the rhino-orbital-cerebral form. A staging system has recently been proposed, and a dedicated registry has been started. In this critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence and guidance on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Atulya Manuel
- CCS National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Habeeb Ibrahim Abdul Razack
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,* E-mail:
| | - Sam T. Mathew
- Researcher & Medical Communications Expert, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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1204
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Hasabo EA, Ayyad FA, Alam Eldeen SAM, Noureldaim MK, Abdallah TA, Ahmed YT, Badi S, Khalid WK, Mirghani HA, Mohammed YA, Alkhider LA, Hamad SA, Tagelseed AM, Elsheikh EHA, Khalid NH, Mohammed SA, Elmobark SO, Ali OO, Mohammed Ali DA, Muneer MS, Awadalla H, Malik EM. Clinical manifestations, complications, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Sudan: a multicenter observational study. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:91. [PMID: 34776007 PMCID: PMC8590864 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Although clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are mainly pulmonary, some patients have other systemic manifestations. This study aimed to describe the clinical finding and outcomes in Sudanese patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective observational study is based on documented files that included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in seven selected hospitals inside Khartoum. Clinical manifestations, complications and outcomes were extracted from patients' records using an extraction form designed for this study. RESULTS Data of 243 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed. The mean (SD) age in years was 55.8 (18.4). Out of 116 participants, 27 of them (23.3%) had severe disease, 15 (12.9%) were critically ill. 67.5% of patients were admitted to the hospital within 7 days from onset of symptoms; most of them were admitted to the wards (n = 140,72.5%). Fever (83.2%), cough (70.7%), and shortness of breath (69.2%) were the most commonly recorded clinical manifestations. Sepsis (9.8%) and acidosis (7.8%) were the most frequently reported complications. Death was the final outcome in 21.4% (56/243). Older age and presence of diabetes were found significantly associated with in-hospital death. The laboratory results showed high CRP in 85.6% (119/139), high ferritin in 88.9% (24/27), lactate dehydrogenase had a median of 409.0 (359-760), D-dimer had a median of 3.3 (1.2-16. 6), and 53/105 (50.5%) had low albumin. CONCLUSIONS Fever was the most mentioned sign among the participants, followed by fatigue. Cough and shortness of breath were the most commonly recorded pulmonary symptoms manifested. Our study showed multiple variables were associated with in-hospital death. The mortality rate was high among severe and critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfatih A Hasabo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan.
| | - Fatima A Ayyad
- School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara A M Alam Eldeen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | | | - Tibyan A Abdallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Yousra T Ahmed
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, University of Alzaiem Alazhari, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Safaa Badi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Hind A Mirghani
- School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Lubaba A Alkhider
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Saada A Hamad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Amna M Tagelseed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ethar H A Elsheikh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Noon H Khalid
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Samia A Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Sara O Elmobark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ola O Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Duaa A Mohammed Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S Muneer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Heitham Awadalla
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elfatih M Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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1205
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Harbuwono DS, Handayani DOTL, Wahyuningsih ES, Supraptowati N, Ananda, Kurniawan F, Wafa S, Kristanti M, Pantoro NI, Sinto R, Kurniawan H, Rebekka, Tahapary DL. Impact of diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 clinical symptoms and mortality: Jakarta's COVID-19 epidemiological registry. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 16:65-68. [PMID: 34857490 PMCID: PMC8585608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims While the higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) at younger age in Indonesia might contribute to the relatively higher COVID-19 mortality rate in Indonesia, there were currently no available evidence nor specific policy in terms of COVID-19 prevention and management among DM patients. We aimed to find out the association between diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) with COVID-19 mortality in Indonesia. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using Jakarta Province’s COVID-19 epidemiological registry within the first 6 months of the pandemic. All COVID-19 confirmed patients, aged >15 years with known DM status were included. Patients were assessed for their clinical symptoms and mortality outcome based on their DM status. A multivariate Cox-regression test was performed to obtain the relative risk (RR) of COVID-19 mortality in the diagnosed DM group. Results Of 20,481 patients with COVID-19, 705 (3.4%) had DM. COVID-19 mortality rate in DM group was 21.28%, significantly higher compared to 2.77% mortality in the non-DM group [adjusted RR 1.98 (CI 95% 1.57–2.51), p < 0.001]. In addition, COVID-19 patients with DM generally developed more symptoms. Conclusions DM is associated not only with development of more COVID-19 clinical symptoms, but also with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. This finding may provide a basis for future policy regarding COVID-19 prevention and management among diabetes patients in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante S Harbuwono
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | - Ananda
- Jakarta Provincial Health Department, Indonesia
| | - Farid Kurniawan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Syahidatul Wafa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melly Kristanti
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nico I Pantoro
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert Sinto
- Division of Infection and Tropical Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Kurniawan
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rebekka
- Jakarta Provincial Health Department, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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1206
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Dhar R, Pethusamy K, Jee B, Karmakar S. Fault Lines in India's COVID-19 Management: Lessons Learned and Future Recommendations. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4379-4392. [PMID: 34754251 PMCID: PMC8568696 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s320880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With about 0.4–0.5 million COVID cases diagnosed every single day in a row over the past three weeks back in May 2021, India was at the epicenter of the global viral rampage. The catastrophe of this crisis was unprecedented, pushing the health care system to its breaking point. Although significant progress has been made in identifying these highly transmissible variants, what is somewhat lacking is the competence to exploit this information for risk mitigation and effective disease management through an integrated nationwide coordinated approach. With a positivity rate of 15–20% (April–May 2021) and the healthcare system pushed to its limit, accompanied by increased mortality, the situation was rather grim then. Though the central command scrambled all its resources and logistics to streamline the supply chain, the efforts were insufficient in response to the ongoing crisis due to a disproportionate rise in the case. We examined the current scenario emerging from this 2nd COVID wave and identified the possible lacunae. We also suggested few recommendations that may be adopted to avoid similar failures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Babban Jee
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, New Delhi, 110001, India
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1207
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Das U, Rathore U, Pal R. On willingness to pay for Covid-19 vaccines: a case study from India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4904-4913. [PMID: 34757868 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1989918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, using survey data from 1251 respondents from peri-urban parts in the Bhopal district of India, we estimated the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for hypothetical Covid-19 vaccines. We use open-ended questions along with the discrete choice contingent valuation method for two vaccines, one with full efficacy and the other with 70% efficacy. While no major evidence of vaccine hesitancy was observed, we found a WTP of about Rs. 141 ($1.9) for the former type vaccine and about Rs. 116 ($1.6) for the latter. From the contingent valuation method, we found about 71.9% were not willing to spend Rs. 200 ($2.7) or more for the fully effective vaccine, while this figure goes up to 77.8% for the one with 70% efficacy. Estimations from linear and probit regressions suggest that economic indicators were the most important predictors of WTP. Usage of public transport, the number of days that the respondent stepped out for work, and the presence of comorbid individuals in the household were positively associated with the WTP, while pandemic-induced income reduction was negatively correlated. The findings lend support toward the requirement of highly subsidized vaccines, and hence back the recent policy announcement toward the supply of free vaccines to all states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasak Das
- Presidential Fellow in the Economics of Poverty Reduction, Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Affiliate Centre for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Udayan Rathore
- Research and Evaluation, Oxford Policy Management, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupayan Pal
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India
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1208
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Uzochukwu IC, Eleje GU, Nwankwo CH, Chukwuma GO, Uzuke CA, Uzochukwu CE, Mathias BA, Okunna CS, Asomugha LA, Esimone CO. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among staff and students in a Nigerian tertiary educational institution. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211054923. [PMID: 34745608 PMCID: PMC8564127 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211054923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 was first reported on 31 December 2019 and has so far claimed over
2,000 lives in Nigeria. Through global and national efforts, about 4 million
doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine was distributed and used in Nigeria from
March 2021. Vaccine hesitancy could pose a serious problem for COVID-19
prevention and control. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University community that is
willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19; level of hesitancy and its
associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using online Google form distributed
to staff and students of the university via different WhatsApp groups. The
outcome measures were the proportion of persons willing to be vaccinated,
vaccine hesitancy rates and reasons for this hesitancy. Data were analyzed
using SPSS version 23 and Minitab version 19. Bivariate analysis was
performed by the chi-square test, Odds Ratios (ORs) and statistical
significance was accepted when p-value is < 0.05. Results: Only 349 of the survey responses were analyzed in the survey. Results show
that 34.70 ± 5.00% of the university community were willing to receive the
COVID-19 vaccine when it is offered to them. The COVID-19 hesitancy rate
among staff and students was 65.04 ± 5.00%. It was discovered that marital
status (OR = 2.06), age (OR = 0.802) and christian denominational
affiliation (OR = 0.366) influenced respondents’ perception of COVID-19
vaccination. Gender, occupation, previous vaccination experience, awareness
of COVID-19 and previous symptoms of COVID-19 did not significantly
(p = 0.05) influence respondents’ willingness to be
vaccinated. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is high among staff and students in a Nigerian
university and is significantly influenced by marital status, respondents’
age and christian denominational affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikemefuna Chijioke Uzochukwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420281, Nigeria
| | - George Uchenna Eleje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Chike Henry Nwankwo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - George Okechukwu Chukwuma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Chinwendu Alice Uzuke
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Bentina Alawari Mathias
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere Stella Okunna
- Department of Mass Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Lasbrey Azuoma Asomugha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences/University Medical Services, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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1209
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Khatatbeh M, Al-Maqableh HO, Albalas S, Al Ajlouni S, A'aqoulah A, Khatatbeh H, Kasasbeh MA, Khatatbeh I, Albalas R, Al-Tammemi AB. Attitudes and Commitment Toward Precautionary Measures Against COVID-19 Amongst the Jordanian Population: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:745149. [PMID: 34820350 PMCID: PMC8606566 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.745149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to (1) assess the non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) measures that were used by the Jordanian population against COVID-19, and (2) determine the sociodemographic and behavioral predictors of contracting COVID-19 with a focus on the utilization of personal precautionary measures. Methods: A descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was used in this study. A structured web-based questionnaire was disseminated to the Jordanian community through social media platforms. Participants were asked a series of questions about socio-demographic characteristics, in addition to the knowledge, attitudes, and commitment toward using various personal precautionary measures (e.g., face mask, hand washing, social distancing) against the COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and binary logistic regression through SPSS®. Results: Responses from 7,746 participants were included in our final analyses. Descriptive statistics showed that most participants (82.6%) believed that face mask protects against COVID-19. Around 69.5% of the participants were completely committed to wearing a face mask, while 65% of the participants were completely committed to hand washing. The results of the regression analysis revealed that female gender (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.07-1.35; p = 0.002), having a family member infected with COVID-19 (AOR = 8.5; 95% Cl: 7.51-9.70; p = 0.001), having a health-related work or study (AOR = 1.2; 95% Cl: 1.09-1.38; p = 0.001), believing that face masks do not protect against COVID-19 (AOR = 1.3; 95% Cl: 1.12-1.47; p = 0.001), and partial commitment to handwashing (AOR = 1.2; 95% Cl: 1.11-1.75; p = 0.006) were all associated with an increased odds of contracting COVID-19 among the participants. Conclusion: Overall, commitment to non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) measures, such as wearing a face mask, hand washing, and physical distancing, was not optimal among Jordanians. This might explain the dramatic increase in the infectivity rate of the COVID-19 virus in the past few months in the country. More sustainable efforts regarding health promotion and strict policies are required to prevent a third wave of hitting the country and to prevent similar infectious threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hindya O. Al-Maqableh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samir Albalas
- Department of Health Service Administration, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara Al Ajlouni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ashraf A'aqoulah
- Department of Health Systems Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Khatatbeh
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mohammed A. Kasasbeh
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujaira, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibdaa Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rahaf Albalas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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1210
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Widiasih R, Hidayat D, Zakaria H, Utama DQ, Komariah M, Maryam NNA, Arifin H, Agustina HS, Nelson K. Self-Fetal Wellbeing Monitoring and Ante-Natal Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Descriptive Study among Pregnant Women in Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11672. [PMID: 34770186 PMCID: PMC8583541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women are expected to have a high level of awareness when it comes to checking their fetal health and ensuring their welfare. This study explored the experiences of pregnant women in Indonesia who were monitoring their fetal wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitativedescriptive study design with a constructivist paradigm was used. Twenty-two pregnant women were recruited and participated in a semi-structured interview. Analysis of the transcribed interviews used a content, thematic and comparative process. Three themes emerged from the analysis: feelingsand responses, changes to the ante natal care service during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the fetal wellbeing monitoring, tools, and methods used. Advice on how pregnant women should conduct fetal wellbeing monitoring during COVID-19 is urgently needed. The results of this study indicate there is a need for interventions to help pregnant women carry out self-fetal wellbeing monitoring in times where they have fewer contacts with health professionals such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restuning Widiasih
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dini Hidayat
- General Hospital of Hasan Sadikin, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Hasballah Zakaria
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40116, Indonesia; (H.Z.); (D.Q.U.)
| | - Dody Qori Utama
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40116, Indonesia; (H.Z.); (D.Q.U.)
| | - Maria Komariah
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | | | - Hidayat Arifin
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Habsyah Saparidah Agustina
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Katherine Nelson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Practice, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand;
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1211
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Silva DFO, Cobucci RN, Lima SCVC, de Andrade FB. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27684. [PMID: 34871251 PMCID: PMC8568426 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Systematic review of original studies published in any language. Protocol published in PROSPERO under number CRD42021240543. The search was carried out in the Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pubmed, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases, using the descriptors: anxiety, depression, stress, teacher, faculty, COVID-19, and their synonyms. Narrative synthesis was carried out in line with the synthesis without meta-analysis in systematic reviews. RESULTS Of the 1372 records identified, 6 studies, all cross-sectional, were included in the review. The studies were carried out in China, Brazil, the United States of America, India, and Spain. Five studies included more women than men. The participants were aged from 24 to 60 years. Three studies included only school teachers, 2 included schools and universities teachers, and 1 only university teachers. Of the 5 studies, all dealt with remote activities and only 1 included teachers who returned to face-to-face classes 1 to 2 weeks ago. The prevalence of anxiety ranged from 10% to 49.4%, and depression from 15.9% to 28.9%, being considerably higher in studies with teachers who worked in schools. The prevalence of stress ranged from 12.6% to 50.6%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress was high among teachers during the pandemic, with great variation between studies. Anxiety and stress were more prevalent in the Spanish study. The results show the need for measures for the care of teachers' mental health, especially when returning to face-to-face classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Medical School, Potiguar University-UnP, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Fábia Barbosa de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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1212
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Ramírez Ó, Charry A, Díaz MF, Enciso K, Mejía D, Burkart S. The Effects of COVID-19 on Beef Consumer Preferences and Beliefs in Colombia: A Logit Model Approach. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.725875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought impacts on the food system in several ways, such as on the supply and demand of food or changes in consumer preferences. However, little is known yet about these effects but needs to be analyzed to define actions and policies for crisis mitigation and achieving food system resilience and food security. In this article, we estimate the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on changes in food consumer preferences in Colombia, applying a logit model approach for seven attributes, namely animal welfare, environmental sustainability, information on the origin and manufacturing of food, food appearance, food price, fair payment to the producer, and food packaging. In addition, we provide an analysis of changes in beef consumption during the lockdown, since the beef industry is among Colombia's most important agricultural activities and is heavily affected by substitution effects. Our results show that consumer beliefs regarding these attributes remained mostly stable, but that income is a determining factor for the decision to consume certain types of food, such as beef, rather than for possible changes in beliefs. This means that income ends up being decisive for the consumption of food such as beef and that, for its part, it does not have a greater weight in the change of beliefs of the people surveyed. The results will help the food system actors in defining interventions for achieving food security and resilience.
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1213
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Kaku SM, Chandran S, Roopa N, Choudhary A, Ramesh J, Somashekariah S, Kuduvalli S, Rao VS, Mysore A. Coping with autism during lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:568-574. [PMID: 35136254 PMCID: PMC8793703 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_344_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is thought to have greatly impacted families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to lockdown, given lack of access to healthcare, therapy, and day-care centers. This survey was conducted to understand the magnitude of the impact of lockdown, and its effect on the health and behavior of individuals with ASD and their families. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an anonymous online survey, disseminated to families registered with our hospital and collaborating centers. The survey questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic details, details of the patient's and parents' behavior and health during the COVID-19 lockdown, and treatment details of the patient. RESULTS A total of 153 families completed the survey. Of the 153, nearly half of the individuals with ASD had an inadequate understanding of lockdown, 54% had increased screen-time, while a third reported new-onset behavioral changes. About 40% received online therapies, of which 85% reported benefits. Of the 132 who answered the parent's section, 55% reported decreased interest and/or pleasure in doing daily activities and 43% felt depressed and/or hopeless. About 80% of families reported short-term positive changes such as improved speech, language skills, and participation in household chores. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routines, triggered behavioral issues in individuals with ASD, and impacted the coping skills of both individuals and families, along with the mental health and well-being of the family. Valuable suggestions to improve therapy services and clinical care using technology have been uncovered and need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Chandran
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Roopa
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aakash Choudhary
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayashree Ramesh
- Academy for Severe Handicaps and Autism (ASHA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sowmya Kuduvalli
- HOPE, The Early Intervention Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ashok Mysore
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Autism and Developmental Disorders, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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1214
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Rayani M, Rayani S, Najafi-Sharjabad F. COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perception, information seeking, and adherence to preventive behaviors among undergraduate students, southern Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59953-59962. [PMID: 34148194 PMCID: PMC8214716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the novel COVID-19 has been recognized as one of the most important pandemics and devastating diseases in human history, with many deaths and morbidities. In the absence of effective treatment and limited supply of COVID-19 vaccine, people must adhere to recommended preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the level of COVID-19 knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and health information-seeking and preventive behaviors as well as associated factors with preventive behaviors in a sample of Iranian students at Persian Gulf University. Data was collected using an online structured and validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests were applied to analyze data. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. In total, 98% (319/325) of the participants completed the survey. A majority of participants were aware of the three main COVID-19 symptoms: fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath, while half of them were unaware of gastrointestinal problems caused by COVID-19. More than half of the subjects had a low perceived susceptibility and severity toward COVID-19. Most of the participants engaged in preventive behaviors and got COVID-19 information from social media and the Internet. Preventive behavior was associated with perceived susceptibility (P = 0.015), perceived severity (P = 0.014), and health information seeking (P < 0.001) of individuals toward COVID-19. The results of our research can help health authorities develop health promotion programs for student populations by providing baseline data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rayani
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saba Rayani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Najafi-Sharjabad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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1215
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De Paula N, Brown C. Vaccine equity: a stress test for planetary health. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e758-e759. [PMID: 34774115 PMCID: PMC8580504 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole De Paula
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; Women Leaders for Planetary Health, Berlin 10437, Germany.
| | - Cyan Brown
- Atlantic Fellows for Health Equity at Tekano, Johannesburg, South Africa (CB)
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1216
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Dzinamarira T, Kuupiel D, Vezi P, Mashamba-Thompson TP. A scoping review on health education programs for improving Men's engagement with health services in low- and middle- income countries. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100177. [PMID: 36101570 PMCID: PMC9461485 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to map evidence on health education programs (HEPs) for men engagement in health services in LMICs to guide future research. Study design A scoping review was conducted. Methods We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Health Source, Nursing, Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete) and WEB of Science electronic databases for publications from January 2000 to March 2019. We also searched Researchgate, the WHO library, and universities repositories for grey literature such as dissertations, theses, and reports. The search terms included “health,” “education,” “program,” “men”, with Boolean terms, AND and OR, being used to separate the keywords. Articles reporting evidence on HEPs for men aged 15 and older in LMICs and HEPs improving men's engagement in health services in LMICs published in any language between January 2000 to March 2019 were included in this review. We appraised included studies using the 2018 version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We used thematic content analysis to extract emerging themes and presented a narrative account of the findings. Results Database search retrieved 8905 eligible articles. Of these, only six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction. All included studies reported evidence of health education for men engagement in health services. The total number of men reported in the studies was 4372 with an age range of 15–54. Included studies were conducted in Uganda, Kenya, Ghana, and Zimbabwe. Included studies presented evidence on HEPs for men engagement in health services. Two main themes emerged from thematic content analysis of included studies: mode of health delivery (the process of enabling men and boys to become involved in health services as patients/clients) and health benefits to men (to achieve better health outcomes). Conclusion Our review revealed limited evidence of HEPs for men engagement in health service. Regardless of mode of health education delivery, notable health benefits to men were reported. We recommend implementation research on HEPs for men engagement in health services to better understand the social, cultural and economic influences in LMICs.
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1217
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Wang YH, Wu CC, Bai CH, Lu SC, Yang YP, Lin YY, Lai WY, Lin TW, Jheng YC, Lee MC, Chen CC. Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 antigen tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:1028-1037. [PMID: 34596082 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect countries worldwide. To inhibit the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), testing of patients, contact tracing, and quarantine of their close contacts have been used as major nonpharmaceutical interventions. The advantages of antigen tests, such as low cost and rapid turnaround, may allow for the rapid identification of larger numbers of infectious persons. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central databases from inception to January 2, 2021. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 with reference standards were included. We included studies that provided sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. Only articles in English were reviewed. Summary sensitivity and specificity for antigen tests were generated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 8624 participants were included. The meta-analysis for antigen testing generated a pooled sensitivity of 79% (95% CI, 66%-88%; 14 studies, 8624 patients) and a pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%; 14 studies, 8624 patients). The subgroup analysis of studies that reported specimen collection within 7 days after symptom onset showed a pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 78%-99%; four studies, 1342 patients) and pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%; four studies, 1342 patients). Regarding the applicability, the patient selection, index tests, and reference standards of studies in our meta-analysis matched the review title. CONCLUSION Antigen tests have moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Antigen tests might have a higher sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 within 7 days after symptom onset. Based on our findings, antigen testing might be an effective method for identifying contagious individuals to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Cheng Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chun Jheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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1218
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Varkey RS, Joy J, Sarmah G, Panda PK. Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 in Asian countries: An empirical analysis. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2021; 21:e2532. [PMID: 33173444 PMCID: PMC7645920 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The spread of coronavirus disease, 2019, has affected several countries in the world including Asian countries. The occurrences of COVID infections are uneven across countries and the same is determined by socioeconomic situations prevailing in the countries besides the preparedness and management. The paper is an attempt to empirically examine the socioeconomic determinants of the occurrence of COVID in Asian countries considering the data as of June 18, 2020, for 42 Asian countries. A multiple regression analysis in a cross-sectional framework is specified and ordinary least square (OLS) technique with heteroscedasticity corrected robust standard error is employed to obtain regression coefficients. Explanatory variables that are highly collinear have been dropped from the analysis. The findings of the study show a positive significant association of per capita gross national income and net migration with the incidence of total COVID-19 cases and daily new cases. The size of net migration emerged to be a potential factor and positive in determining the total and new cases of COVID. Social capital as measured by voters' turnout ratio (VTR) in order to indicate the people's participation is found to be significant and negative for daily new cases per million population. People's participation has played a very important role in checking the incidence of COVID cases and its spread. In alternate models, countries having high incidence of poverty are also having higher cases of COVID. Though the countries having higher percentage of aged populations are more prone to be affected by the spread of virus, but the sign of the coefficient of this variable for Asian country is not in the expected line. Previous year health expenditure and diabetic prevalence rate are not significant in the analysis. Therefore, people-centric plan and making people more participatory and responsive in adhering to the social distancing norms in public and workplace and adopting preventive measures need to be focused on COVID management strategies. The countries having larger net migration and poverty ratio need to evolve comprehensive and inclusive strategies for testing, tracing, and massive awareness for sanitary practices, social distancing, and following government regulation for management of COVID-19, besides appropriate food security measures and free provision of sanitary kits for vulnerable section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittu S. Varkey
- Department of EconomicsCHRIST (Deemed to be University)BengaluruIndia
| | - Justin Joy
- Department of EconomicsCHRIST (Deemed to be University)BengaluruIndia
| | - Gargee Sarmah
- Department of EconomicsCentral University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
| | - Prasant K. Panda
- Department of EconomicsCentral University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
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1219
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A fluorescence-based, gain-of-signal, live cell system to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105183. [PMID: 34626674 PMCID: PMC8495046 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The likelihood of continued circulation of COVID-19 and its variants, and novel coronaviruses due to future zoonotic transmissions, combined with the current paucity of coronavirus antivirals, emphasize the need for improved screening in developing effective antivirals for the treatment of infection by SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) and other coronaviruses. Here we report the development of a live-cell based assay for evaluating the intracellular function of the critical, highly-conserved CoV2 target, the Main 3C-like protease (Mpro). This assay is based on expression of native wild-type mature CoV2 Mpro, the function of which is quantitatively evaluated in living cells through cleavage of a biosensor leading to loss of fluorescence. Evaluation does not require cell harvesting, allowing for multiple measurements from the same cells facilitating quantification of Mpro inhibition, as well as recovery of function upon removal of inhibitory drugs. The pan-coronavirus Mpro inhibitor, GC376, was utilized in this assay and effective inhibition of intracellular CoV2 Mpro was found to be consistent with levels required to inhibit CoV2 infection of human lung cells. We demonstrate that GC376 is an effective inhibitor of intracellular CoV2 Mpro at low micromolar levels, while other predicted Mpro inhibitors, bepridil and alverine, are not. Results indicate this system can provide a highly effective high-throughput coronavirus Mpro screening system.
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1220
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Islam A, Kalam MA, Sayeed MA, Shano S, Rahman MK, Islam S, Ferdous J, Choudhury SD, Hassan MM. Escalating SARS-CoV-2 circulation in environment and tracking waste management in South Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61951-61968. [PMID: 34558044 PMCID: PMC8459815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an exceptional drift of production, utilization, and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and different microplastic objects for safety against the virus. Hence, we reviewed related literature on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detected from household, biomedical waste, and sewage to identify possible health risks and status of existing laws, regulations, and policies regarding waste disposal in South Asian (SA) countries. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in sewage and wastewater samples of Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Besides, this review reiterates the enormous amounts of PPE and other single-use plastic wastes generated from healthcare facilities and households in the SA region with inappropriate disposal, landfilling, and/or incineration techniques wind-up polluting the environment. Consequently, the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in sewer treatment plant in India. Moreover, the overuse of non-biodegradable plastics during the pandemic is deteriorating plastic pollution condition and causes a substantial health risk to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We recommend making necessary adjustments, adopting measures and strategies, and enforcement of the existing biomedical waste management and sanitation-related policy in SA countries. We propose to adopt the knowledge gaps to improve COVID-19-associated waste management and legislation to prevent further environmental pollution. Besides, the citizens should follow proper disposal procedures of COVID-19 waste to control the environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA.
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | | | - Md Abu Sayeed
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shahanaj Shano
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kaisar Rahman
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shusmita Dutta Choudhury
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
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1221
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Baniasad M, Mofrad MG, Bahmanabadi B, Jamshidi S. COVID-19 in Asia: Transmission factors, re-opening policies, and vaccination simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111657. [PMID: 34246638 PMCID: PMC8265190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to provide insights on the COVID-19 pandemic in three prime aspects. First, we attempted to understand the association between the COVID-19 transmission rate, environmental factors (air pollution, weather, mobility), and socio-political parameters (Government Stringency Index, GSI). Second, we evaluated the efficiency of various strategies, including radical opening, intermittent lockdown, phase lift, and contact tracing, to exit the COVID-19 pandemic and get back to pre-pandemic conditions using a stochastic individual-based epidemiology model. Third, we used a deep learning approach and simulated the vaccination rate and the time for reaching herd immunity. The analysis was done based on the collected data from eight countries in Asia, including Iran, Turkey, India, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the Philippines, South Korea, and Russia (as a transcontinental country). Our findings in the first part highlighted a noninfluential impact from the weather-driven parameters and short-term exposure to pollutants on the transmission rate; however, long-term exposure could potentially increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality rates (based on 1998-2017 p.m.2.5 data). Mobility was highly correlated with the COVID-19 transmission and based on our causal analysis reducing mobility could curb the COVID-19 transmission rate with a 6-day lag time (on average). Secondly, among all the tested policies for exiting the COVID-19 pandemic, the contact tracing was the most efficient if executed correctly. With a 2-day delay in tracing the virus hosts, a 60% successful host tracing, and a 70% contact reduction with the hosts, a pandemic will end in a year without overburdening a healthcare system with 6000 hospital beds capacity per million. Lastly, our vaccine simulations showed that the target date for achieving herd immunity significantly varied among the countries and could be delayed to October-november 2022 in countries like India and Iran (based on 60% immunized population and assuming no intermediate factors affecting the vaccination rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Baniasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morvarid Golrokh Mofrad
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahare Bahmanabadi
- Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sajad Jamshidi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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1222
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Chen CC, Lu SC, Bai CH, Wang PY, Lee KY, Wang YH. Diagnostic Accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Tests for Community Transmission Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111451. [PMID: 34769968 PMCID: PMC8583375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rapid identification and isolation of infectious patients are critical methods to block COVID-19 transmission. Antigen tests can contribute to prompt identification of infectious individuals. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central databases. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in community participants were included. Only English-language articles were reviewed. We included eligible studies that provided available data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. Overall sensitivity and specificity for antigen tests were generated using a bivariate random-effects model. Eighteen studies with 34,865 participants were retrieved. The meta-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests generated a pooled sensitivity of 0.82 and a pooled specificity of 1.00. A subgroup analysis of ten studies that reported outcomes for 5629 symptomatic participants generated a pooled sensitivity of 0.87 and a pooled specificity of 1.00. Antigen tests might have higher sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients in the community and may be an effective tool to identify patients to be quarantined to prevent further SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Cheng Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7361661 (ext. 3232); Fax: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8889)
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1223
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Driver VR, Couch KS, Eckert KA, Gibbons G, Henderson L, Lantis J, Lullove E, Michael P, Neville RF, Ruotsi LC, Snyder RJ, Saab F, Carter MJ. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia and wound care. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 30:7-23. [PMID: 34713947 PMCID: PMC8661621 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, the critical limb ischemia (CLI) Global Society aims to develop improved clinical guidance that will inform better care standards to reduce tissue loss and amputations during and following the new SARS‐CoV‐2 era. This will include developing standards of practice, improve gaps in care, and design improved research protocols to study new chronic limb‐threatening ischemia treatment and diagnostic options. Following a round table discussion that identified hypotheses and suppositions the wound care community had during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, the CLI Global Society undertook a critical review of literature using PubMed to confirm or rebut these hypotheses, identify knowledge gaps, and analyse the findings in terms of what in wound care has changed due to the pandemic and what wound care providers need to do differently as a result of these changes. Evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine scheme. The majority of hypotheses and related suppositions were confirmed, but there is noticeable heterogeneity, so the experiences reported herein are not universal for wound care providers and centres. Moreover, the effects of the dynamic pandemic vary over time in geographic areas. Wound care will unlikely return to prepandemic practices. Importantly, Levels 2–5 evidence reveals a paradigm shift in wound care towards a hybrid telemedicine and home healthcare model to keep patients at home to minimize the number of in‐person visits at clinics and hospitalizations, with the exception of severe cases such as chronic limb‐threatening ischemia. The use of telemedicine and home care will likely continue and improve in the postpandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie R Driver
- Wound Healing, Limb Preservation and Hyperbaric Centers, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Kara S Couch
- Wound Care Services, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Gary Gibbons
- Center for Wound Healing, South Shore Health, Weymouth, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena Henderson
- PULSE Amputation Prevention Centers, Affiliates, El Paso Cardiology Associates, P.A., El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - John Lantis
- Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric Lullove
- West Boca Center for Wound Healing, Coconut Creek, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Michael
- Palm Beach Heart & Vascular, JFK Wound Management & Limb Preservation Center, Lake Worth, Florida, USA
| | - Richard F Neville
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Department of Surgery, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Lee C Ruotsi
- Saratoga Hospital Center for Wound Healing and Hyperbaric Medicine, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Snyder
- Barry University School of Podiatric Medicine, Miami Shores, Florida, USA
| | - Fadi Saab
- Advanced Cardiac & Vascular Centers for Amputation Prevention, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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1224
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Tomlinson E, Petkovic J, Welch V, Tugwell P. It's time to increase the global relevance of Cochrane Reviews by applying an 'equity lens'. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:ED000155. [PMID: 34710238 PMCID: PMC9629822 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ed000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Tomlinson
- Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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1225
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Isaac R, Paul B, Finkel M, Moorthy M, Venkateswaran S, Bachmann TT, Pinnock H, Norrie J, Ramalingam S, Minz S, Hansdak S, Blythe R, Keller M, Muliyil J, Weller D. The burden of COVID-19 infection in a rural Tamil Nadu community. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1110. [PMID: 34711193 PMCID: PMC8552615 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been over 30 million cases of COVID-19 in India and over 430,000 deaths. Transmission rates vary from region to region, and are influenced by many factors including population susceptibility, travel and uptake of preventive measures. To date there have been relatively few studies examining the impact of the pandemic in lower income, rural regions of India. We report on a study examining COVID-19 burden in a rural community in Tamil Nadu. METHODS The study was undertaken in a population of approximately 130,000 people, served by the Rural Unit of Health and Social Affairs (RUHSA), a community health center of CMC, Vellore. We established and evaluated a COVID-19 PCR-testing programme for symptomatic patients-testing was offered to 350 individuals, and household members of test-positive cases were offered antibody testing. We also undertook two COVID-19 seroprevalence surveys in the same community, amongst 701 randomly-selected individuals. RESULTS There were 182 positive tests in the symptomatic population (52.0%). Factors associated with test-positivity were older age, male gender, higher socioeconomic status (SES, as determined by occupation, education and housing), a history of diabetes, contact with a confirmed/suspected case and attending a gathering (such as a religious ceremony, festival or extended family gathering). Amongst test-positive cases, 3 (1.6%) died and 16 (8.8%) suffered a severe illness. Amongst 129 household contacts 40 (31.0%) tested positive. The two seroprevalence surveys showed positivity rates of 2.2% (July/Aug 2020) and 22.0% (Nov 2020). 40 tested positive (31.0%, 95% CI: 23.02 - 38.98). Our estimated infection-to-case ratio was 31.7. CONCLUSIONS A simple approach using community health workers and a community-based testing clinic can readily identify significant numbers of COVID-19 infections in Indian rural population. There appear, however, to be low rates of death and severe illness, although vulnerable groups may be under-represented in our sample. It's vital these lower income, rural populations aren't overlooked in ongoing pandemic monitoring and vaccine roll-out in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Isaac
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Paul
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Finkel
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M Moorthy
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkateswaran
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - T T Bachmann
- Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Pinnock
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - J Norrie
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - S Ramalingam
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - S Minz
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Hansdak
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Blythe
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - M Keller
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - J Muliyil
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Weller
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
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1226
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Laughney CI, Eliason EL. Mortality Disparities Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. LGBT Health 2021; 9:27-33. [PMID: 34698549 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate mortality disparities for sexual minority adults in the United States. Methods: We used data from 26,384 adult respondents using the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, linked with National Death Index mortality files. Respondents reporting one or more same-sex sexual partners in their lifetime or who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual were considered sexual minority adults (617 sexual minority males and 963 sexual minority females). We examined gender-stratified mortality frequencies by sexual minority status and used gender-stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate mortality risk for sexual minority adults compared with non-sexual-minority adults. Results: We observed significantly elevated mortality risk among sexual minority females compared with non-sexual-minority females, robust across model specifications. Estimates ranged from an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-3.2) to 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.3) among sexual minority females compared with non-sexual-minority females, with estimates at approximately double the risk of mortality. We found no evidence of differential mortality risk for sexual minority males compared with non-sexual-minority males. Conclusion: These results suggest mortality disparities for sexual minority females compared with non-sexual-minority females. Future research should consider mortality disparities among subgroups of sexual minority adults and include targeted data collection to increase understanding of the mechanisms behind mortality disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica L Eliason
- Columbia School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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1227
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Alonso-Esteban Y, López-Ramón MF, Moreno-Campos V, Navarro-Pardo E, Alcantud-Marín F. A Systematic Review on the Impact of the Social Confinement on People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1389. [PMID: 34827388 PMCID: PMC8615555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a variety of containment measures on the general population for prolonged periods. Confinement has had, and still has, social, economic, educational, health, and psychological consequences on the entire population. OBJECTIVE In this article, a systematic search has been performed based on studies carried out since the beginning of the pandemic, regarding the impact of these containment measures on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population and their caregivers. METHOD We consulted six databases (i.e., PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and selected ten studies that met the inclusion criteria. The chosen studies have been classified according to their theoretical focus, methodology, and target population. RESULTS We found an increase in stress and a decrease in psychological well-being among individuals diagnosed with ASD (i.e., parents and caregivers). Additionally, in studies focused on children, youth, and adults with ASD diagnosis, the results are contradictory depending on variables such as age, ASD severity, or type of family structure. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the consequences of quarantine and social confinement are quite contradictory and depend on variables such as age, ASD severity, and family features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Alcantud-Marín
- PSiDEHESO Research Team, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.A.-E.); (M.F.L.-R.); (V.M.-C.); (E.N.-P.)
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1228
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Yasmin F, Najeeb H. Access to healthcare services for Afghan refugees and deepening medical crises due to war amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:1168-1170. [PMID: 34672016 PMCID: PMC8653249 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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1229
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Ma MZ. COVID-19 concerns in cyberspace predict human reduced dispersal in the real world: Meta-regression analysis of time series relationships across American states and 115 countries/territories. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021; 127:107059. [PMID: 34664000 PMCID: PMC8514451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of parasite-stress theory of sociality and behavioral immune system theory, this research examined how concerns regarding the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cyberspace (i.e., online search volume for coronavirus-related keywords) would predict human reduced dispersal in the real world (i.e., human mobility trends throughout the pandemic) between January 05, 2020 and May 22, 2021. Multiple regression analyses controlling for COVID-19 cases per million, case fatality rate, death-thought accessibility, government stringency index, yearly trends, season, religious holidays, and reduced dispersal in the preceding week were conducted. Meta-regression analysis of the multiple regression results showed that when there were high levels of COVID-19 concerns in cyberspace in a given week, the amount of time people spent at home increased from the previous week across American states (Study 1) and 115 countries/territories (Study 2). Across studies, the associations between COVID-19 concerns and reduced dispersal were stronger in areas of higher historical risks of infectious-disease contagion. Compared with actual coronavirus threat, COVID-19 concerns in cyberspace had significantly larger effects on predicting human reduced dispersal in the real world. Thus, online query data have invaluable implications for predicting large-scale behavioral changes in response to life-threatening events in the real world and are indispensable for COVID-19 surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Zewei Ma
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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1230
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Chernozhukov V, Kasahara H, Schrimpf P. The association of opening K-12 schools with the spread of COVID-19 in the United States: County-level panel data analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103420118. [PMID: 34642247 PMCID: PMC8545468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper empirically examines how the opening of K-12 schools is associated with the spread of COVID-19 using county-level panel data in the United States. As preliminary evidence, our event-study analysis indicates that cases and deaths in counties with in-person or hybrid opening relative to those with remote opening substantially increased after the school opening date, especially for counties without any mask mandate for staff. Our main analysis uses a dynamic panel data model for case and death growth rates, where we control for dynamically evolving mitigation policies, past infection levels, and additive county-level and state-week "fixed" effects. This analysis shows that an increase in visits to both K-12 schools and colleges is associated with a subsequent increase in case and death growth rates. The estimates indicate that fully opening K-12 schools with in-person learning is associated with a 5 (SE = 2) percentage points increase in the growth rate of cases. We also find that the association of K-12 school visits or in-person school openings with case growth is stronger for counties that do not require staff to wear masks at schools. These findings support policies that promote masking and other precautionary measures at schools and giving vaccine priority to education workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chernozhukov
- Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Statistics and Data Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1L4, Canada
| | - Paul Schrimpf
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1L4, Canada
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1231
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Ponpetch K, Erko B, Bekana T, Kebede T, Tian D, Yang Y, Liang S. Environmental Drivers and Potential Distribution of Schistosoma mansoni Endemic Areas in Ethiopia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2144. [PMID: 34683465 PMCID: PMC8541272 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ethiopia, human schistosomiasis is caused by two species of schistosome, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, with the former being dominant in the country, causing infections of more than 5 million people and more than 37 million at risk of infection. What is more, new transmission foci for S. mansoni have been reported over the past years in the country, raising concerns over the potential impacts of environmental changes (e.g., climate change) on the disease spread. Knowledge on the distribution of schistosomiasis endemic areas and associated drivers is much needed for surveillance and control programs in the country. Here we report a study that aims to examine environmental determinants underlying the distribution and suitability of S. mansoni endemic areas at the national scale of Ethiopia. The study identified that, among five physical environmental factors examined, soil property, elevation, and climatic factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature) are key factors associated with the distribution of S. mansoni endemic areas. The model predicted that the suitable areas for schistosomiasis transmission are largely distributed in northern, central, and western parts of the country, suggesting a potentially wide distribution of S. mansoni endemic areas. The findings of this study are potentially instrumental to inform public health surveillance, intervention, and future research on schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. The modeling approaches employed in this study may be extended to other schistosomiasis endemic regions and to other vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Ponpetch
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Praboromarajchanok Institute, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Trang, Trang 92110, Thailand
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia; (B.E.); (T.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Teshome Bekana
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia; (B.E.); (T.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tadesse Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia; (B.E.); (T.B.); (T.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Yang Yang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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1232
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Yayehrad AT, Siraj EA, Yimenu DK, Ambaye AS, Derseh MT, Tamene AA, Yayeh TG. Multidisciplinary Effort and Integrative Preparedness: A Lesson for the Foreseen Multivariate COVID-19 Pandemic Flare-Up. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2905-2921. [PMID: 34703243 PMCID: PMC8524181 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s332049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been a year and a half since the world suffered the horrific COVID-19 pandemic which has still continued becoming a prominent headache for the whole world. Recently, we are facing the second and third wave of multivariate outbreaks with great intensity of transmission which renders huge disaster. Presently, new strains of the virus are emerging that are predicted to be resistant for the current vaccines and other management approaches. It needs collaborative and coordinated role at professional, facility, regional, and global levels to ameliorate the pandemic by monitoring the existing and emerging variants. This review addressed the multidisciplinary roles in patient screening and detection, emergency management, moderate and critical care, vaccination, complication prevention, comorbidity management, psychological therapy, and digital health care. The inevitable roles of academicians, researchers, private health sectors, policy makers, regulatory bodies, and partners are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim Abdela Siraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abyou Seyfu Ambaye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Manaye Tamrie Derseh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Almaw Tamene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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1233
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Manda SOM, Darikwa T, Nkwenika T, Bergquist R. A Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 in African Countries: Evaluating the Effects of Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities and Neighbouring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010783. [PMID: 34682528 PMCID: PMC8535688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has now become a global public health problem. Using publicly available data from the COVID-19 data repository of Our World in Data, we aimed to investigate the influences of spatial socio-economic vulnerabilities and neighbourliness on the COVID-19 burden in African countries. We analyzed the first wave (January-September 2020) and second wave (October 2020 to May 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic using spatial statistics regression models. As of 31 May 2021, there was a total of 4,748,948 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with an average, median, and range per country of 101,041, 26,963, and 2191 to 1,665,617, respectively. We found that COVID-19 prevalence in an Africa country was highly dependent on those of neighbouring Africa countries as well as its economic wealth, transparency, and proportion of the population aged 65 or older (p-value < 0.05). Our finding regarding the high COVID-19 burden in countries with better transparency and higher economic wealth is surprising and counterintuitive. We believe this is a reflection on the differences in COVID-19 testing capacity, which is mostly higher in more developed countries, or data modification by less transparent governments. Country-wide integrated COVID suppression strategies such as limiting human mobility from more urbanized to less urbanized countries, as well as an understanding of a county's social-economic characteristics, could prepare a country to promptly and effectively respond to future outbreaks of highly contagious viral infections such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. M. Manda
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Timotheus Darikwa
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Tshifhiwa Nkwenika
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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1234
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Innovative approaches to strengthening health systems in low- and middle-income countries: Current models, developments, and challenges. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 10:100567. [PMID: 34642621 PMCID: PMC8498776 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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1235
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Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4337-4354. [PMID: 34626285 PMCID: PMC8501315 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-harm and suicidal behaviors are prevalent among autistic adults without intellectual disability (ID). Emotion dysregulation (ED), the difficulty in modulating emotions, has been identified as an important risk factor. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has been proved effective to treat ED in disorders other than autism spectrum disorder. Our study aimed at assessing the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of DBT in seven autistic adults without ID exhibiting self-harm and/or suicidal behaviors linked to severe ED. Our results suggest that DBT is feasible and highly acceptable to autistic adults without ID. Additionally, mean scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale decreased significantly post-treatment and at 4-month follow-up, suggesting that DBT might be efficacious in reducing ED in this population.
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1236
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Does the EU COVID Digital Certificate Strike a Reasonable Balance between Mobility Needs and Public Health? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57101077. [PMID: 34684114 PMCID: PMC8539581 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The need to fight a highly aggressive virus such as SARS-CoV-2 has compelled governments to put in place measures, which, in the name of health protection, have constrained many freedoms we all enjoy, including freedom of movement, both nationally and within the European Union. In order to encourage and facilitate the return to free movement, the European Parliament has launched a "COVID-19 digital certificate". A spirited debate centered around the use of this certificate is still ongoing among scholars, many of whom have pointed out the uncertainties relative to COVID-19 immunity, privacy issues and the risk of discriminatory effects. The authors, while highlighting some critical aspects, argue that the COVID digital certificate in its current approved version can effectively help prevent the spread of the infection and promote free movement, while upholding the right to health as much as possible. However, they also stress the need for a thorough information campaign to illustrate the advantages and limitations of this document in order to avoid creating a false sense of security in the public opinion, who may wrongly assume that the emergency has been overcome for good.
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1237
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Sharif A, Botlero R, Hoque N, Alif SM, Nazmul Karim M, Islam SMS. A pragmatic approach to COVID-19 vaccine passport. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-006956. [PMID: 34610907 PMCID: PMC8493600 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sharif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bangladesh Institute of Family Medicine and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Station Street Clinic, Pakenham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roslin Botlero
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nazmul Hoque
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emerald Medical Centre, Emerald, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheikh M Alif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Karim
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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1238
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Aarabi MA, Abdi K, Khanjani MS. Psycho-social consequences associated with COVID-19 in people with ASD and their families: A literature review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:131. [PMID: 35321368 PMCID: PMC8840855 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and has inevitably affected the whole world. This effect is greater on people with ASD (ASD) and their families. Depression, attempts to cope with change, and having difficulty interacting with others are some of the challenges people with ASD often face. The aim of this study was to review the psycho-social consequences of COVID-19 in people with ASD and their families. Methods: This study is a Literature Review. Extensive electronic search results for the keywords ASD, COVID-19, Coronavirus, psychological, psychosocial, and consequence in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, SID and Magiran in 2020, eventually provided a total of 130 articles. After reviewing the titles of the articles, we excluded 85 articles as they were duplicated and/or irrelevant. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles remained. Results: In general, the change in routine and uncertainty caused by COVID-19 have caused distress for people with ASD and will worsen their symptoms and mental health. Excessive stress worsens the mental health of caregivers, and as this burden increases, they report higher rates of social harm, depression, and anxiety that affect their daily functioning. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic affects all strata of society. People with ASD are particularly vulnerable to the psychosocial effects of this epidemic. COVID-19 increases anxiety, distress, depression, financial problems, loss of a job, and even marital conflict. Access to necessary services and transmission problems are also the result of rapid social and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Alsadat Aarabi
- Department of Rehabilitation Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Abdi
- Department of Rehabilitation Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Khanjani
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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1239
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Huang CW, Ha HA, Tsai SC, Lu CC, Lee CY, Tsai YF, Tsai FJ, Chiu YJ, Wang GK, Hsu CH, Yang JS. In Silico Target Analysis of Treatment for COVID-19 Using Huang-Lian-Shang-Qing-Wan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the significantly negative impact of the coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the health of the community and the economy, it remains urgent and necessary to develop a safe and effective treatment method for COVID-19. Huang-Lian-Shang-Qing-Wan (HLSQW) is a herbal formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been applied extensively for treating “wind-heat-associated” symptoms in the upper parts of the body. The objective of the present in silico study was to investigate the potential effects of HLSQW in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed the possible interactions between bioactive compounds within HLSQW on targets that may confer antiviral activity using network pharmacology and pharmacophore-based screening. HLSQW was found to potentially target a number of pathways and the expression of various genes to regulate cell physiology and, consequently, the anti-viral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Bioactive compounds contained within HLSQW may exert combined effects to reduce the production of proinflammatory factors, which may trigger the “cytokine storm” in patients with severe COVID-19. Results from molecular modeling suggested that the bioactive HLSQW components puerarin, baicalin, and daidzin exhibit high binding affinity to the active site of 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) to form stable ligand-protein complexes, thereby suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition, our results also demonstrated protective effects of the HLSQW extract against cell injury induced by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, against reactive oxygen species production and nuclear factor-κB activity in normal human lung cells in vitro. To conclude, HLSQW is a potential TCM remedy that warrants further study with the aim of developing an effective treatment for COVID-19 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Huang
- Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,
Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Anh Ha
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuh-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,
Taipei, Taiwan
- Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Kai Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,
Taipei, Taiwan
- Branch of Linsen, Chinese Medicine, and Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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1240
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Practical Report of Disaster-Related Mental Health Interventions Following the Great East Japan Earthquake during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential for Suicide Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910424. [PMID: 34639724 PMCID: PMC8507691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: This practical report aims to publicize the ongoing disaster-related mental health interventions following the Great East Japan Earthquake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Disaster-related mental health interventions consisted of: (1) screening high-risk evacuees with high psychological distress (Kessler 6 score ≥ 13) or binge drinking; and (2) visiting selected high-risk individuals and providing them counseling through outreach in evacuee housing. These activity records were compiled from existing material in the Sendai City Office; therefore, no new interviews or questionnaire surveys were conducted. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we introduced telephone counseling and shortened the time of support as a result of the restrictions. Counselors addressed issues of “loneliness” or “isolation” among evacuees, who had little connection with society due to the pandemic. Moreover, the procedure for obtaining COVID-19 special financial aid was explained to evacuees in financial difficulty. During this period, the suicide rates in the affected area did not increase significantly as compared to the national average. Conclusions: Our report may be instructive in terms of preventing suicide during the pandemic using high-risk approaches and counselors trained in disaster-related mental health interventions.
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1241
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Canatay A, Emegwa TJ, Hossain Talukder MF. Critical country-level determinants of death rate during Covid-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 64:102507. [PMID: 34367903 PMCID: PMC8334175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has already led to over 94 million confirmed cases and over 2 million deaths globally (John Hopkins CSSE, 2021). Due to the magnitude of the socio-economic damage of COVID-19 all over the world, we analyzed the critical country-level determinants of the death rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have examined the effects of GDP (allocated to pandemics and health), education, gender, cultural factors, number of physicians (per 1000 of the population) on the death rate. A correlation between the death rate and socio-economic conditions has been observed. The finding shows that power distance, individualism, gender, and age affect the death rate more than other socio-economic factors we use. We have also performed the same analysis by using Lockdown levels as a moderator. Lockdown levels have a more significant moderating effect on cultural factors rather than the other socio-economic factors. However, due to the topic's sensitivity, we still need to pay attention to the socio-economic factors that may have lower levels of significant relationship with the death rate, since even 0.1 % of changes in coefficients of our other socio-economic variables could mean thousands of lives. The study results will help health organizations, administration, and policymakers take the necessary steps to combat and manage the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Canatay
- A.R Sanchez Jr Business School, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Tochukwu J Emegwa
- A.R Sanchez Jr Business School, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA
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1242
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Abstract
Bangladesh showed initial success in the mass inoculation drive. However, the program was going through an alarming situation when the serum institute of India halted the shipments. Now the authority is administering US Moderna vaccines, Chinese Sinopharm vaccines, and Pfizer vaccines. Mass immunization is the only way for Bangladesh besides the present COVID-19 responses. Therefore, Bangladesh can utilize its previous experience in the roll-out of mass vaccination. The country can search for all available alternatives of COVID-19 vaccines besides maintaining diplomatic consistency with the existing sources for early vaccination of its population. The authority can try to get the committed vaccines from the COVAX program. Also, the country needs to maintain diplomatic relations with other global alliances that are promising support to poor and developing countries for the COVID-19 vaccine. The government can also consider direct purchases from vaccine manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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1243
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El-Ramady H, Abdalla N, Elbasiouny H, Elbehiry F, Elsakhawy T, Omara AED, Amer M, Bayoumi Y, Shalaby TA, Eid Y, Zia-Ur-Rehman M. Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112500. [PMID: 34274837 PMCID: PMC8270734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human health and its improvement are the main target of several studies related to medical, agricultural and industrial sciences. The human health is the primary conclusion of many studies. The improving of human health may include supplying the people with enough and safe nutrients against malnutrition to fight against multiple diseases like COVID-19. Biofortification is a process by which the edible plants can be enriched with essential nutrients for human health against malnutrition. After the great success of biofortification approach in the human struggle against malnutrition, a new biotechnological tool in enriching the crops with essential nutrients in the form of nanoparticles to supplement human diet with balanced diet is called nano-biofortification. Nano biofortification can be achieved by applying the nano particles of essential nutrients (e.g., Cu, Fe, Se and Zn) foliar or their nano-fertilizers in soils or waters. Not all essential nutrients for human nutrition can be biofortified in the nano-form using all edible plants but there are several obstacles prevent this approach. These stumbling blocks are increased due to COVID-19 and its problems including the global trade, global breakdown between countries, and global crisis of food production. The main target of this review was to evaluate the nano-biofortification process and its using against malnutrition as a new approach in the era of COVID-19. This review also opens many questions, which are needed to be answered like is nano-biofortification a promising solution against malnutrition? Is COVID-19 will increase the global crisis of malnutrition? What is the best method of applied nano-nutrients to achieve nano-biofortification? What are the challenges of nano-biofortification during and post of the COVID-19?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Neama Abdalla
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Elbasiouny
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Home Economy faculty, Al-Azhar University, 31732 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Fathy Elbehiry
- Central Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Tamer Elsakhawy
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 33717 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 33717 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Megahed Amer
- Soils Improvement Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Sakha Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 33717 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Yousry Bayoumi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Tarek A Shalaby
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Yahya Eid
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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1244
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Butor Škulcová A, Tamášová K, Vojs Staňová A, Bírošová L, Krahulcová M, Gál M, Konečná B, Janíková M, Celec P, Grabicová K, Grabic R, Filip J, Belišová N, Ryba J, Kerekeš K, Špalková V, Híveš J, Mackuľak T. Effervescent ferrate(VI)-based tablets as an effective means for removal SARS-CoV-2 RNA, pharmaceuticals and resistant bacteria from wastewater. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2021; 43:102223. [PMID: 35592837 PMCID: PMC8290487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens including viruses, bacteria and micropollutants secreted from population can spread through the sewerage system. In this study, the efficiency of unique effervescent ferrate-based tablets was evaluated for total RNA and DNA removal, disinfection and degradation of micropollutants in hospital wastewater. For the purpose of testing, proposed tablets (based on citric acid or sodium dihydrogen phosphate) were used for various types of hospital wastewater with specific biological and chemical contamination. Total RNA destruction efficiency using tablets was 70-100% depending on the type of acidic component. DNA destruction efficiency was lower on the level 51-94% depending on the type of acidic component. In addition, our study confirms that effervescent ferrate-based tablets are able to efficiently remove of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater. Degradation of often detected micropollutants (antiepileptic, antidepressant, antihistamine, hypertensive and their metabolites) was dependent on the type of detected pharmaceuticals and on the acidic component used. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate based tablet appeared to be more effective than citric acid based tablet and removed some pharmaceuticals with efficiency higher than 97%. Last but not least, the disinfection ability was also verified. Tableted ferrates were confirmed to be an effective disinfectant and no resistant microorganisms were observed after treatment. Total and antibiotic resistant bacteria (coliforms and enterococci) were determined by cultivation on diagnostic selective agar growth media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butor Škulcová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Tamášová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Bírošová
- Department Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Krahulcová
- Department Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, SK-811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Janíková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, SK-811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, SK-811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Noemi Belišová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Ryba
- Department of Polymer Processing, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Krškanská 21, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kamil Kerekeš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Špalková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 00, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Híveš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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1245
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Mistry SK, Das Gupta R, Alam S, Kaur K, Shamim AA, Puthussery S. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcome in South Asia: A systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00285. [PMID: 34505412 PMCID: PMC8502223 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in developing countries including the South Asian Nations. The current study aimed to examine the association of GDM with adverse pregnancy outcomes from foetal and maternal perspectives in South Asia. METHODS A systematic review was conducted including primary studies published since January 2020 from South Asian countries. Following electronic databases were searched to locate the articles: MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMCARE. Data were extracted using a customized extraction tool and methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using modified Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Narrative synthesis was performed as statistical pooling was not possible due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the review. Overall, the review found a positive correlation between GDM and adverse foetal outcomes such as macrosomia, neonatal hyperglycaemia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), stillbirths and low birthweight (LBW), but the findings were not conclusive. GDM was also positively associated with preeclampsia but the association between GDM and C-section delivery was not conclusive. CONCLUSION Policymakers, public health practitioners and researchers in South Asia should take in to account the link between GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes while designing interventions to promote maternal health in South Asia. Researchers should focus on conducting longitudinal studies in future to clearly understand the epidemiology and pathobiology of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public HealthBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh
- Centre for Primary Health Care and EquityUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public HealthBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Sabiha Alam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public HealthBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shuby Puthussery
- Maternal and Child Health Research CentreInstitute for Health ResearchUniversity of BedfordshireLutonUK
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Yuguero Torres O, Fernandez J, Justribo E, González E, Vena A. Impact of the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Lockdown on Sexually Transmitted Urethritis in a Spanish Health Region. Cureus 2021; 13:e18921. [PMID: 34812305 PMCID: PMC8603631 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has increased in recent years, especially in the young population. Urethritis is one of the most common clinical presentations of STD in emergency departments. During the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, in Spain lockdown lasted almost three months, and mobility was greatly restricted. This is the first study of these characteristics conducted in Spain. Methods A cross-sectional study of all patients treated for clinical symptoms of urethritis between March and June 2019 and between March and June 2020 was conducted. We evaluated patients' sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results Seventy-nine patients were included in the study: 37 in 2019 and 38 in 2020 of whom 94.9% were men. The main symptoms were urethral discharge (59.5%) followed by dysuria (26.6%). Risky sexual relations were reported by 63.2% of patients in 2019, and this percentage decreased to 43.9% in 2020. Conclusions The number of patients attending an emergency department in our health region for urethritis did not undergo any variations between 2019 and 2020. No significant reduction in the number of cases of urethritis was observed, probably because people continued with unsafe sexual relations despite the social restrictions and difficulties posed by the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Fernandez
- Dermatology, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, ESP
| | - Elena Justribo
- Primary Health, Institut Català de la Salut, Lleida, ESP
| | - Eva González
- Infectious Diseases, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, ESP
| | - Ana Vena
- Geriatrics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, ESP
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Al‐Metwali BZ, Al‐Jumaili AA, Al‐Alag ZA, Sorofman B. Exploring the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers and general population using health belief model. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:1112-1122. [PMID: 33960582 PMCID: PMC8242385 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Little is known about hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the perceptions of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the general population regarding the COVID-19 vaccines, (2) to evaluate factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination using the health belief model (HBM), and (3) to qualitatively explore the suggested intervention strategies to promote the vaccination. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study based on electronic survey data that was collected in Iraq during December first-19th, 2020. The electronic survey was designed using Qualtrics. HBM was followed to develop the survey items. A regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing people accepting vaccination. Thematic analysis for participant comments to an open-ended question. RESULTS A total of 1680 completed surveys were received. The mean age of 31.2 ± 9.9 years, 53.0% were female and 47.0% were male. The largest group was HCWs (45.7%), followed by general population (37.5%) and health college students (16.8%). Our findings expressed some hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine with the acceptance rate of 61.7%. The HCWs perceived significantly higher susceptibility and severity of the COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. The HCWs were significantly more likely than the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Concerns with proper storage was the biggest barrier to vaccine receipt. The regression analysis indicated eight factors that were significantly associated with the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Preventive measures, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cue to action, subjective norm, supportive of vaccination in general and having received a flu vaccine before. CONCLUSIONS Awareness campaign can focus on enhancing the vaccine perceived benefit, debunking misconceptions, and increasing the disease perceived severity. Additionally, the public health leaders need to minimize the perceived barriers by providing the vaccines and appeasing people concerns about their storage, effectiveness, and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Azeez Al‐Jumaili
- University of Baghdad College of PharmacyBaghdadIraq
- The University of Iowa College of PharmacyIowa CityIowaUSA
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1248
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Muzyamba C. Local characterization of the COVID-19 response: the case of a lockdown in Lusaka, Zambia. Glob Health Res Policy 2021; 6:38. [PMID: 34593052 PMCID: PMC8482737 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-021-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked heated debate among scholars on the relevance of lockdowns. There are those in favor of the lockdown and others who are critical of it. However, despite the increased interest in understanding the relevance of lockdowns, there still has not been much focus on its relevance in countries like Zambia. Thus, with the help of the Social Representation Theory (SRT), we set out to explore and document the local characterization of the lockdown by residents of Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS We recruited our participants through convenient and purposive sampling techniques. This was done through the use of the ZAMTEL public phone records. Initial contact was made to potential participants, and they were asked of their availability and willingness to participate in the interview. Upon agreeing to participate, they were included in the sample. A total of 68 people were selected to take part in this study. Their age ranged from 20 to 76 years old. 33 of them were male and 35 females. After this, we conducted interviews with the 68 participants. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, our interviews were conducted via telephone in conformity with the recommendations from the IRB in Lusaka and the advice of the ministry of health. We anonymized the demographic characteristics and responses from our participants. Later, thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The lockdown was on one hand lauded for slowing down the incidence rates, preventing fatalities, and protecting the healthcare system from collapse. On the other hand, it was criticized for exacerbating poverty levels, unemployment rates, increasing the rate of mental health problems, aiding gender-based violence, and intensifying political repression and corruption. The results speak to the complexity in the characterization of the lockdown as a response to COVID-19 in Lusaka, Zambia. This observation demonstrates the folly of viewing, applying and characterizing the COVID-19 lockdown as a 'one-size-fits-all' approach in Lusaka, Zambia. CONCLUSION Rather than establishing the lockdown as an incontestable good, as it is depicted by some scholars or as useless by its critics, our findings instead demonstrate the diversity and complexity in how it is locally viewed by Lusaka residents. The study provides grounds for caution on simplistic and binary characterization of lockdowns. It indicates the need for careful dialog between the designers of lockdowns and citizens in order to tailor such interventions to local realities in context-specific ways. It also shows that though the development of such interventions, all the various and complex elements it embodies must be taken into account in order to realize optimum outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choolwe Muzyamba
- University College Utrecht, Campusplein 1, 3584 ED, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- , Lusaka, Zambia.
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Chachar AS, Younus S, Ali W. Developmental Understanding of Death and Grief Among Children During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654584. [PMID: 34658940 PMCID: PMC8511419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 Pandemic has influenced death-related attitudes and understanding during the childhood development leading to a life-long impact. Factors like pandemic-related movement restrictions, school closures, and parents' stay-at-home have exposed children to the phenomenon of grief and death. In that case, children anticipate adverse outcomes and fear while they struggle with unanswered questions. Children may not have coping skills needed to manage their grief in constructive ways to identify, normalize, and express their responses to the loss in their lives. Naming and validating these responses as distinctive aspects of grief process and providing safe space to express their feelings are essential components of a child's coping with loss and grief. This is crucial to consider, as different children react to and are influenced by their environments differently. This article aims to explore the developmental understanding of the process of death and grief by applying the conceptual framework of Bronfenbrenner's theory. Understanding mutual interaction between a child and various ecological systems determines how children perceive death and process grief can facilitate effective communication that has significant implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Younus
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wamiq Ali
- Synapse, Pakistan Neuroscience Institute, Karachi, Pakistan
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Nugraha RR, Miranda AV, Ahmadi A, Lucero-Prisno DE. Accelerating Indonesian COVID-19 vaccination rollout: a critical task amid the second wave. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:76. [PMID: 34548099 PMCID: PMC8455302 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been spreading in every part of the world, putting nations at risk with its pandemic status, including Indonesia. COVID-19 vaccine has been deemed as one of the most effective interventions to date for mitigating the spread and mortality from COVID-19. Responding to the situation, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) has allocated the means necessary to procure and distribute COVID-19 vaccines; placing into consideration the unique context of the country, recently categorized as a middle-income country and archipelagic with a population over 270 million. This article aims to present the challenges associated with the distribution of COVID-19 vaccination as well as recommendations to mitigate them, to ensure a timely and effective COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attaullah Ahmadi
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan. .,Department of Public Health, International School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines (Open University), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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