1301
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Witjes JJ, van Raalte DH, Nieuwdorp M. About the gut microbiome as a pharmacological target in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:75-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1302
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Yoshida K, Maekawa T, Zhu Y, Renard-Guillet C, Chatton B, Inoue K, Uchiyama T, Ishibashi KI, Yamada T, Ohno N, Shirahige K, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Ishii S. The transcription factor ATF7 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced epigenetic changes in macrophages involved in innate immunological memory. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1034-43. [PMID: 26322480 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is thought to be mediated exclusively by lymphocytes. However, enhanced innate immune responses caused by a previous infection increase protection against reinfection, which suggests the presence of innate immunological memory. Here we identified an important role for the stress-response transcription factor ATF7 in innate immunological memory. ATF7 suppressed a group of genes encoding factors involved in innate immunity in macrophages by recruiting the histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase G9a. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide, which mimics bacterial infection, induced phosphorylation of ATF7 via the kinase p38, which led to the release of ATF7 from chromatin and a decrease in repressive histone H3K9me2 marks. A partially disrupted chromatin structure and increased basal expression of target genes were maintained for long periods, which enhanced resistance to pathogens. ATF7 might therefore be important in controlling memory in cells of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Claire Renard-Guillet
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeru Uchiyama
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy &Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy &Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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1303
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Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:478408. [PMID: 26380322 PMCID: PMC4561982 DOI: 10.1155/2015/478408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in the field of immune memory have demonstrated that B and T cell mediated immunity following infections are enhanced by the so-called trained immunity. This effect has been most extensively investigated for the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Epidemiological studies suggest that this vaccine is associated with a substantial reduction in overall child mortality that cannot be solely explained by prevention of the target disease but that it seems to rely on inducing resistance to other infections. Upon infection or vaccination, monocytes/macrophages can be functionally reprogrammed so as to display an enhanced defensive response against unrelated infections. Epigenetic modifications seem to play a key role in the induction of this “innate memory.” These findings are revolutionising our knowledge of the immune system, introducing the concept of memory also for mammalian innate immunity. Thus, vaccines are likely to nonspecifically affect the overall immunological status of individuals in a clinically relevant manner. As a consequence, future vaccine strategies ought to take into account the contribution of innate memory through appropriate design of formulations and administration scheduling.
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1304
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Chen K, Drummond RA, Vautier S, Sajaniemi S, Murray G, Williams DL, Redelinghuys P, Reinhart TA, Fallert Junecko BA, Kolls JK, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134219. [PMID: 26261989 PMCID: PMC4532492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is poorly understood but is likely to involve innate responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. The influence of these components on pulmonary inflammation has been largely studied in the context of individual agonists, despite knowledge that they can have synergistic effects when used in combination. Here we have explored the effects of LPS and β-glucan, two commonly-encountered microbial agonists, on the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic respiratory responses to house dust mite allergen. Notably, sensitization with these microbial components in combination acted synergistically to promote robust neutrophilic inflammation, which involved both Dectin-1 and TLR-4. This pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was corticosteroid-refractory, resembling that found in patients with severe asthma. Thus our results provide key new insights into how microbial components influence the development of respiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaat Fierens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Drummond
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Vautier
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Sajaniemi
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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1305
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Buck MD, O'Sullivan D, Pearce EL. T cell metabolism drives immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1345-60. [PMID: 26261266 PMCID: PMC4548052 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Buck et al. discuss the role of lymphocyte metabolism on immune cell development and function. Lymphocytes must adapt to a wide array of environmental stressors as part of their normal development, during which they undergo a dramatic metabolic remodeling process. Research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of diverse metabolic pathways and metabolites, which have been found to regulate lymphocyte signaling and influence differentiation, function and fate. In this review, we integrate the latest findings in the field to provide an up-to-date resource on lymphocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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1306
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El Kasmi KC, Stenmark KR. Contribution of metabolic reprogramming to macrophage plasticity and function. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:267-75. [PMID: 26454572 PMCID: PMC4677817 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages display a spectrum of functional activation phenotypes depending on the composition of the microenvironment they reside in, including type of tissue/organ and character of injurious challenge they are exposed to. Our understanding of how macrophage plasticity is regulated by the local microenvironment is still limited. Here we review and discuss the recent literature regarding the contribution of cellular metabolic pathways to the ability of the macrophage to sense the microenvironment and to alter its function. We propose that distinct alterations in the microenvironment induce a spectrum of inducible and reversible metabolic programs that might form the basis of the inducible and reversible spectrum of functional macrophage activation/polarization phenotypes. We highlight that metabolic pathways in the bidirectional communication between macrophages and stromals cells are an important component of chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent work demonstrates that inflammatory macrophage activation is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis, an altered TCA cycle, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. We review cytosolic and mitochondrial mechanisms that promote initiation and maintenance of macrophage activation as they relate to increased aerobic glycolysis and highlight potential pathways through which anti-inflammatory IL-10 could promote macrophage deactivation. Finally, we propose that in addition to their role in energy generation and regulation of apoptosis, mitochondria reprogram their metabolism to also participate in regulating macrophage activation and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim C El Kasmi
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Section of Pediatric Critical Care and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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1307
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Covarrubias AJ, Aksoylar HI, Horng T. Control of macrophage metabolism and activation by mTOR and Akt signaling. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:286-96. [PMID: 26360589 PMCID: PMC4682888 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are pleiotropic cells that assume a variety of functions depending on their tissue of residence and tissue state. They maintain homeostasis as well as coordinate responses to stresses such as infection and metabolic challenge. The ability of macrophages to acquire diverse, context-dependent activities requires their activation (or polarization) to distinct functional states. While macrophage activation is well understood at the level of signal transduction and transcriptional regulation, the metabolic underpinnings are poorly understood. Importantly, emerging studies indicate that metabolic shifts play a pivotal role in control of macrophage activation and acquisition of context-dependent effector activities. The signals that drive macrophage activation impinge on metabolic pathways, allowing for coordinate control of macrophage activation and metabolism. Here we discuss how mTOR and Akt, major metabolic regulators and targets of such activation signals, control macrophage metabolism and activation. Dysregulated macrophage activities contribute to many diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases and cancer, thus a better understanding of metabolic control of macrophage activation could pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H Ibrahim Aksoylar
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, II-115, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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1308
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Matta SK, Kumar D. AKT mediated glycolytic shift regulates autophagy in classically activated macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26222186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is considered as an innate defense mechanism primarily due to its role in the targeting of intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Here we report inhibition of autophagy as an adaptive response in classically activated macrophages that helps achieve high cellular ROS production and cell death-another hallmark of innate mechanisms. We show prolonged classical activation of Raw 264.7 macrophages by treating them with IFN-γ and LPS inhibited autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy was dependent on nitric oxide (NO) production which activated the AKT-mTOR signaling, the known negative regulators of autophagy. Autophagy inhibition in these cells was accompanied with a shift to aerobic glycolysis along with a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MOMP). The decline in MOMP coupled with autophagy inhibition led to increased mitochondrial content and considerably elevated cellular ROS, eventually causing cell death. Next, using specific siRNA mediated knockdowns we show AKT was responsible for the glycolytic shift and autophagy inhibition in activated macrophages. Surprisingly, AKT knockdown in activated macrophages also rescued them from cell death. Finally we show that AKT mediated autophagy inhibition in the activated macrophages correlated with the depletion of glucose from the extracellular medium, and glucose supplementation not only rescued autophagy levels and reversed other phenotypes of activated macrophages, but also inhibited cell death. Thus we report here a novel link between AKT mediated glycolytic metabolism and autophagy in the activated macrophages, and provide a possible mechanism for sustained macrophage activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Matta
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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1309
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Izquierdo E, Cuevas VD, Fernández-Arroyo S, Riera-Borrull M, Orta-Zavalza E, Joven J, Rial E, Corbi AL, Escribese MM. Reshaping of Human Macrophage Polarization through Modulation of Glucose Catabolic Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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1310
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High-density preculture of PBMCs restores defective sensitivity of circulating CD8 T cells to virus- and tumor-derived antigens. Blood 2015; 126:185-94. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-622704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CD8 memory T cells in PBMCs are antigen-hyporesponsive due to loss of priming by tissue-dependent interactions. Preculture at high cell density allows the detection of antiviral and antitumor responses that may be overlooked without this step.
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1311
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Ifrim DC, Quintin J, Meerstein-Kessel L, Plantinga TS, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. Defective trained immunity in patients with STAT-1-dependent chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:434-40. [PMID: 25880788 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1)-dependent chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and patients with STAT3-dependent hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome (HIES) display defects in T helper type 17 (Th17) cytokine production capacity. Despite this similar immune defect in Th17 function, they show important differences in the type of infections to which they are susceptible. Recently, our group reported differential regulation of STAT-1 and STAT-3 transcription factors during epigenetic reprogramming of trained immunity, an important host defence mechanism based on innate immune memory. We therefore hypothesized that STAT1 and STAT3 defects have different effects on trained immunity, and this may partly explain the differences between CMC and HIES regarding the susceptibility to infections. Indeed, while trained immunity was normally induced in cells isolated from patients with HIES, the induction of innate training was defective in CMC patients. This defect was specific for training with Candida albicans, the main pathogen encountered in CMC, and it involved a type II interferon-dependent mechanism. These findings describe the role of STAT-1 for the induction of trained immunity, and may contribute to the understanding of the differences in susceptibility to infection between CMC and HIES patients. This study could also provide directions for personalized immunotherapy in patients suffering from these immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ifrim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Quintin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Meerstein-Kessel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T S Plantinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - F L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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1312
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Blok BA, Arts RJW, van Crevel R, Benn CS, Netea MG. Trained innate immunity as underlying mechanism for the long-term, nonspecific effects of vaccines. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:347-56. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ri0315-096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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1313
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Abstract
Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) by pro-inflammatory stimuli causes them to undergo a metabolic switch towards glycolysis and away from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), similar to the Warburg effect in tumors. However, it is only recently that the mechanisms responsible for this metabolic reprogramming have been elucidated in more detail. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role under conditions of both hypoxia and normoxia. The withdrawal of citrate from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has been shown to be critical for lipid biosynthesis in both macrophages and DCs. Interference with this process actually abolishes the ability of DCs to activate T cells. Another TCA cycle intermediate, succinate, activates HIF-1α and promotes inflammatory gene expression. These new insights are providing us with a deeper understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke AJ O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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1314
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Interferon-γ regulates cellular metabolism and mRNA translation to potentiate macrophage activation. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:838-849. [PMID: 26147685 PMCID: PMC4509841 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) primes macrophages for enhanced inflammatory activation by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microbial killing, but little is known about the regulation of cell metabolism or mRNA translation during priming. We found that IFN-γ regulates human macrophage metabolism and translation by targeting the kinases mTORC1 and MNK that both converge on the selective regulator of translation initiation eIF4E. Physiological downregulation of mTORC1 by IFN-γ was associated with autophagy and translational suppression of repressors of inflammation such as HES1. Genome-wide ribosome profiling in TLR2-stimulated macrophages revealed that IFN-γ selectively modulates the macrophage translatome to promote inflammation, further reprogram metabolic pathways, and modulate protein synthesis. These results add IFN-γ-mediated metabolic reprogramming and translational regulation as key components of classical inflammatory macrophage activation.
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1315
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is characterized by a lifelong balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation into mature blood populations. Proper instruction of cell fate decisions requires tight homeostatic regulation of transcriptional programs through a combination of epigenetic modifications, management of cis-regulatory elements, and transcription factor activity. Recent work has focused on integrating biochemical, genetic, and evolutionary data sets to gain further insight into these regulatory components. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), post-translational modifications of transcription factors, and circadian rhythm add additional layers of complexity. These analyses have provided a wealth of information, much of which has been made available through public databases. Elucidating the regulatory processes that govern hematopoietic transcriptional programs is expected to provide useful insights into hematopoiesis that may be applied broadly across tissue types while enabling the discovery and implementation of therapeutics to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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1316
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Owens BMJ. Inflammation, Innate Immunity, and the Intestinal Stromal Cell Niche: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2015; 6:319. [PMID: 26150817 PMCID: PMC4471728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells of multiple tissues contribute to immune-mediated protective responses and, conversely, the pathological tissue changes associated with chronic inflammatory disease. However, unlike hematopoietic immune cells, tissue stromal cell populations remain poorly characterized with respect to specific surface marker expression, their ontogeny, self-renewal, and proliferative capacity within tissues and the extent to which they undergo phenotypic immunological changes during the course of an infectious or inflammatory insult. Extending our knowledge of the immunological features of stromal cells provides an exciting opportunity to further dissect the underlying biology of many important immune-mediated diseases, although several challenges remain in bringing the emerging field of stromal immunology to equivalence with the study of the hematopoietic immune cell compartment. This review highlights recent studies that have begun unraveling the complexity of tissue stromal cell function in immune responses, with a focus on the intestine, and proposes strategies for the development of the field to uncover the great potential for stromal immunology to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of disease, and the opening of new therapeutic avenues in multiple chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Somerville College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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1317
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Askenase MH, Han SJ, Byrd AL, Morais da Fonseca D, Bouladoux N, Wilhelm C, Konkel JE, Hand TW, Lacerda-Queiroz N, Su XZ, Trinchieri G, Grainger JR, Belkaid Y. Bone-Marrow-Resident NK Cells Prime Monocytes for Regulatory Function during Infection. Immunity 2015; 42:1130-42. [PMID: 26070484 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-infiltrating Ly6C(hi) monocytes play diverse roles in immunity, ranging from pathogen killing to immune regulation. How and where this diversity of function is imposed remains poorly understood. Here we show that during acute gastrointestinal infection, priming of monocytes for regulatory function preceded systemic inflammation and was initiated prior to bone marrow egress. Notably, natural killer (NK) cell-derived IFN-γ promoted a regulatory program in monocyte progenitors during development. Early bone marrow NK cell activation was controlled by systemic interleukin-12 (IL-12) produced by Batf3-dependent dendritic cells (DCs) in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). This work challenges the paradigm that monocyte function is dominantly imposed by local signals after tissue recruitment, and instead proposes a sequential model of differentiation in which monocytes are pre-emptively educated during development in the bone marrow to promote their tissue-specific function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Askenase
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seong-Ji Han
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allyson L Byrd
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Timothy W Hand
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Norinne Lacerda-Queiroz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin-zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Head, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Grainger
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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1318
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Ferreira SS, Passos CP, Madureira P, Vilanova M, Coimbra MA. Structure-function relationships of immunostimulatory polysaccharides: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:378-96. [PMID: 26256362 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory polysaccharides are compounds capable of interacting with the immune system and enhance specific mechanisms of the host response. Glucans, mannans, pectic polysaccharides, arabinogalactans, fucoidans, galactans, hyaluronans, fructans, and xylans are polysaccharides with reported immunostimulatory activity. The structural features that have been related with such activity are the monosaccharide and glycosidic-linkage composition, conformation, molecular weight, functional groups, and branching characteristics. However, the establishment of structure-function relationships is possible only if purified and characterized polysaccharides are used and selective structural modifications performed. Aiming at contributing to the definition of the structure-function relationships necessary to design immunostimulatory polysaccharides with potential for preventive or therapeutical purposes or to be recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods, this review introduces basic immunological concepts required to understand the mechanisms that rule the potential claimed immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides and critically presents a literature survey on the structural features of the polysaccharides and reported immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia S Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia P Passos
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Madureira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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1319
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Cross Talk between Proliferative, Angiogenic, and Cellular Mechanisms Orchestred by HIF-1α in Psoriasis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:607363. [PMID: 26136626 PMCID: PMC4475568 DOI: 10.1155/2015/607363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where the altered regulation in angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation of keratinocytes are the possible causes of the disease, and the transcription factor “hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha” (HIF-1α) is involved in the homeostasis of these three biological phenomena. In this review, the role of HIF-1α in the cross talk between the cytokines and cells of the immunological system involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is discussed.
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1320
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Wynn JL, Guthrie SO, Wong HR, Lahni P, Ungaro R, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Moldawer LL. Postnatal Age Is a Critical Determinant of the Neonatal Host Response to Sepsis. Mol Med 2015; 21:496-504. [PMID: 26052715 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates manifest a unique host response to sepsis even among other children. Preterm neonates may experience sepsis soon after birth or during often-protracted birth hospitalizations as they attain physiologic maturity. We examined the transcriptome using genome-wide expression profiling on prospectively collected peripheral blood samples from infants evaluated for sepsis within 24 h after clinical presentation. Simultaneous plasma samples were examined for alterations in inflammatory mediators. Group designation (sepsis or uninfected) was determined retrospectively on the basis of clinical exam and laboratory results over the next 72 h from the time of evaluation. Unsupervised analysis showed the major node of separation between groups was timing of sepsis episode relative to birth (early, <3 d, or late, ≥3 d). Principal component analyses revealed significant differences between patients with early or late sepsis despite the presence of similar key immunologic pathway aberrations in both groups. Unique to neonates, the uninfected state and host response to sepsis is significantly affected by timing relative to birth. Future therapeutic approaches may need to be tailored to the timing of the infectious event based on postnatal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott O Guthrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Ayers Children's Medical Center, Jackson-Madison County General Hospital, Jackson, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hector R Wong
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - M Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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1321
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Developing vaccines to prevent sustained infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Conference proceedings. Vaccine 2015; 33:3056-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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1322
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Hall CB, Liu X, Zeig-Owens R, Webber MP, Aldrich TK, Weakley J, Schwartz T, Cohen HW, Glaser MS, Olivieri BL, Weiden MD, Nolan A, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ. The Duration of an Exposure Response Gradient between Incident Obstructive Airways Disease and Work at the World Trade Center Site: 2001-2011. PLOS CURRENTS 2015; 7. [PMID: 26064784 PMCID: PMC4449208 DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.8a93e7682624698558a76a1fa8c5893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adverse respiratory effects of World Trade Center (WTC) exposure have been widely documented, but the length of time that exposure remains associated with disease is uncertain. We estimate the incidence of new cases of physician-diagnosed obstructive airway disease (OAD) as a function of time since 9/11/2001 in WTC-exposed firefighters. Methods: Exposure was categorized by first WTC arrival time: high (9/11/2001 AM); moderate (9/11/2001 PM or 9/12/2001); or low (9/13-24/2001). We modeled relative rates (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of OAD incidence by exposure over the first 10 years post-9/11/2001, estimating the time(s) of change in the RR with change point models. We further examined the relationship between self-reported lower respiratory symptoms and physician diagnoses. Results: Change points were observed at 15 and 84 months post-9/11/2001, with relative incidence rates for the high versus low exposure group of 4.02 (95% CI 2.62-6.16) prior to 15 months, 1.90 (95% CI 1.49-2.44) from months 16 to 84, and 1.20 (95% CI 0.92-1.56) thereafter. Incidence in all exposure groups increased after the WTC health program began to offer free coverage of OAD medications in month 63. Self-reported lower respiratory symptoms in the first 15 months had 80.6% sensitivity, but only 35.9% specificity, for eventual OAD diagnoses. Conclusions: New OAD diagnoses are associated with WTC exposure for at least seven years. Some portion of the extended duration of that association may be due to delayed diagnoses. Nevertheless, our results support recognizing OAD among rescue workers as WTC-related even when diagnosed years after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mayris P Webber
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Thomas K Aldrich
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Weakley
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Theresa Schwartz
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Hillel W Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michelle S Glaser
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Brianne L Olivieri
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; The Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; The Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Anna Nolan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; The Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Kerry J Kelly
- The Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - David J Prezant
- The Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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1323
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Jones W, Bianchi K. Aerobic glycolysis: beyond proliferation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26029212 PMCID: PMC4432802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis has been generally associated with cancer cell proliferation, but fascinating and novel data show that it is also coupled to a series of further cellular functions. In this Mini Review, we will discuss some recent findings to illustrate newly defined roles for this process, in particular in non-malignant cells, supporting the idea that metabolism can be considered as an integral part of cellular signaling. Consequently, metabolism should be regarded as a plastic and highly dynamic determinant of a wide range of cellular specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jones
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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1324
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Eger M, Hussen J, Drong C, Meyer U, von Soosten D, Frahm J, Daenicke S, Breves G, Schuberth HJ. Impacts of parturition and body condition score on glucose uptake capacity of bovine monocyte subsets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:33-42. [PMID: 25980551 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The peripartal period of dairy cows is associated with a higher incidence of infectious diseases like mastitis or metritis, particularly in high-yielding animals. The onset of lactation induces a negative energy balance and a shift of glucose distribution toward the udder. Glucose is used as primary fuel by monocytes which give rise to macrophages, key cells in the defense against pathogens. The aim of this study was to analyze whether animals with high or low body condition score (BCS) differ in composition and glucose uptake capacities of bovine monocyte subsets. Blood samples were taken from 27 dairy cows starting 42 days before parturition until day 56 after parturition. The cows were allocated to two groups according to their BCS. A feeding regime was applied, in which the BCS high group received higher amounts of concentrate before parturition and concentrate feeding was more restricted in the BCS high group after parturition compared with the BCS low group, to promote postpartal lipolysis and enhance negative energy balance in the BCS high group. Blood cell counts of classical (cM), intermediate (intM) and nonclassical monocytes (ncM) were increased at day 7 after calving. In the BCS low group intM numbers were significantly higher compared to the BCS high group at day 7 after parturition. Within the BCS low group cows suffering from mastitis or metritis showed significantly higher numbers of cM, intM and ncM at day 7 after parturition. Classical monocytes and intM showed similar glucose uptake capacities while values for ncM were significantly lower. Compared with antepartal capacities and irrespective of BCS and postpartal mastitis or metritis, glucose uptake of all monocyte subsets decreased after parturition. In conclusion, whereas glucose uptake capacity of bovine monocyte subsets is altered by parturition, it is not linked to the energy supply of the animals or to postpartal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Eger
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Drong
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Daenicke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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1325
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Morinet F, Parent M, Bergeron C, Pillet S, Capron C. Oxygen and viruses: a breathing story. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1979-1982. [PMID: 25934794 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxygen on virus replication is complex, and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in the metabolism of virus-infected cells remains uncertain. Solid tumours are hypoxic, and some viruses use this low oxygen tension level to facilitate their replication in tumour cells, thereby causing cell lysis. In addition, the interactions between viruses and HIF-1α may stimulate a trained immunity. However, the evolutionary basis for the oxygen regulatory mechanism of virus replication is ill-defined and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Morinet
- Hôpital Saint Louis - Université Paris, Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Parent
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré-Université de Versailles, Saint Quentin en Yvelynes, Versailles, France
| | - Corinne Bergeron
- Laboratoire de Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, Les Ulis, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et Hygiène - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Claude Capron
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré-Université de Versailles, Saint Quentin en Yvelynes, Versailles, France
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1326
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Henry E, Fung N, Liu J, Drakakaki G, Coaker G. Beyond glycolysis: GAPDHs are multi-functional enzymes involved in regulation of ROS, autophagy, and plant immune responses. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005199. [PMID: 25918875 PMCID: PMC4412566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an important enzyme in energy metabolism with diverse cellular regulatory roles in vertebrates, but few reports have investigated the importance of plant GAPDH isoforms outside of their role in glycolysis. While animals possess one GAPDH isoform, plants possess multiple isoforms. In this study, cell biological and genetic approaches were used to investigate the role of GAPDHs during plant immune responses. Individual Arabidopsis GAPDH knockouts (KO lines) exhibited enhanced disease resistance phenotypes upon inoculation with the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. KO lines exhibited accelerated programmed cell death and increased electrolyte leakage in response to effector triggered immunity. Furthermore, KO lines displayed increased basal ROS accumulation as visualized using the fluorescent probe H2DCFDA. The gapa1-2 and gapc1 KOs exhibited constitutive autophagy phenotypes in the absence of nutrient starvation. Due to the high sequence conservation between vertebrate and plant cytosolic GAPDH, our experiments focused on cytosolic GAPC1 cellular dynamics using a complemented GAPC1-GFP line. Confocal imaging coupled with an endocytic membrane marker (FM4-64) and endosomal trafficking inhibitors (BFA, Wortmannin) demonstrated cytosolic GAPC1 is localized to the plasma membrane and the endomembrane system, in addition to the cytosol and nucleus. After perception of bacterial flagellin, GAPC1 dynamically responded with a significant increase in size of fluorescent puncta and enhanced nuclear accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that plant GAPDHs can affect multiple aspects of plant immunity in diverse sub-cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Henry
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Fung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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1327
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Bajgar A, Kucerova K, Jonatova L, Tomcala A, Schneedorferova I, Okrouhlik J, Dolezal T. Extracellular adenosine mediates a systemic metabolic switch during immune response. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002135. [PMID: 25915062 PMCID: PMC4411001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune defense is energetically costly, and thus an effective response requires metabolic adaptation of the organism to reallocate energy from storage, growth, and development towards the immune system. We employ the natural infection of Drosophila with a parasitoid wasp to study energy regulation during immune response. To combat the invasion, the host must produce specialized immune cells (lamellocytes) that destroy the parasitoid egg. We show that a significant portion of nutrients are allocated to differentiating lamellocytes when they would otherwise be used for development. This systemic metabolic switch is mediated by extracellular adenosine released from immune cells. The switch is crucial for an effective immune response. Preventing adenosine transport from immune cells or blocking adenosine receptor precludes the metabolic switch and the deceleration of development, dramatically reducing host resistance. Adenosine thus serves as a signal that the “selfish” immune cells send during infection to secure more energy at the expense of other tissues. A study of the fruit fly's response to parasitoid wasp eggs reveals that immune cells selfishly release adenosine as a signal to trigger a systemic metabolic switch, thereby suppressing nonimmune processes and securing energy and nutrients for immune activity. Read the Primer. The immune response is energetically costly and often requires adaption of the whole organism to ensure it receives enough energy. It is not well understood how distribution of energy resources within the organism is regulated during an immune response. To understand this better, we used parasitoid wasp infection of fruit fly larvae—the host larvae have 48 h before they pupate to destroy the infecting “alien” or face destruction by the parasitoid that will consume the developing pupa. Here we find a signal, generated by the host immune cells, which mediates a systemic energy switch. This signal—adenosine—suppresses processes driving larval to pupal development of the host, thereby freeing up energy for the immune system. We show that the resulting developmental delay in the fruit fly larvae is crucial for an efficient immune response; without the adenosine signal, resistance to the parasitoid drops drastically. Generation of this signal by immune cells demonstrates that in response to external stressors, the immune system can mobilize reallocation to itself of energy and nutrients from the rest of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kucerova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jonatova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tomcala
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Schneedorferova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Okrouhlik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Dolezal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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1328
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris, France.
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1329
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Pradel LC, Vanhille L, Spicuglia S. [The European Blueprint project: towards a full epigenome characterization of the immune system]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:236-8. [PMID: 25855271 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie C Pradel
- Inserm, UMR1090 TAGC, Techniques avancées pour la génomique et la clinique, 163, avenue de Luminy, Marseille, F-13288, France - Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1090 TAGC, Marseille, F-13288, France
| | - Laurent Vanhille
- Inserm, UMR1090 TAGC, Techniques avancées pour la génomique et la clinique, 163, avenue de Luminy, Marseille, F-13288, France - Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1090 TAGC, Marseille, F-13288, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Inserm, UMR1090 TAGC, Techniques avancées pour la génomique et la clinique, 163, avenue de Luminy, Marseille, F-13288, France - Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1090 TAGC, Marseille, F-13288, France
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1330
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Peng G, Liu Y. Hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer stem cells and inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:374-83. [PMID: 25857287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) mediate metabolic switches in cells in hypoxic environments, including those in both normal and malignant tissues with limited supplies of oxygen. Paradoxically, recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and activated immune effector cells exhibit high HIF activity in normoxic environments and that HIF activity is critical in the maintenance of CSCs as well as the differentiation and function of inflammatory cells. Given that inflammation and CSCs are two major barriers to effective cancer therapy, targeting HIF may provide a new approach to developing such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Peng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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1331
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Verheijden S, Beckers L, Casazza A, Butovsky O, Mazzone M, Baes M. Identification of a chronic non-neurodegenerative microglia activation state in a mouse model of peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency. Glia 2015; 63:1606-20. [PMID: 25846981 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The functional diversity and molecular adaptations of reactive microglia in the chronically inflamed central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. We previously showed that mice lacking multifunctional protein 2 (MFP2), a pivotal enzyme in peroxisomal β-oxidation, persistently accumulate reactive myeloid cells in the gray matter of the CNS. Here, we show that the increased numbers of myeloid cells solely derive from the proliferation of resident microglia and not from infiltrating monocytes. We defined the signature of Mfp2(-/-) microglia by gene expression profiling after acute isolation, which was validated by quantitative polymerase reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analysis. The features of Mfp2(-/-) microglia were compared with those from SOD1(G93A) mice, an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model. In contrast to the neurodegenerative milieu of SOD1(G93A) spinal cord, neurons were intact in Mfp2(-/-) brain and Mfp2(-/-) microglia lacked signs of phagocytic and neurotoxic activity. The chronically reactive state of Mfp2(-/-) microglia was accompanied by the downregulation of markers that specify the unique microglial signature in homeostatic conditions. In contrast, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and downstream glycolytic and protein translation pathways were induced, indicative of metabolic adaptations. Mfp2(-/-) microglia were immunologically activated but not polarized to a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. A peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge provoked an exaggerated inflammatory response in Mfp2(-/-) brain, consistent with a primed state. Taken together, we demonstrate that chronic activation of resident microglia does not necessarily lead to phagocytosis nor overt neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Verheijden
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Cell Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Beckers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Cell Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Casazza
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Cell Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
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1332
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Fantus D, Thomson AW. Evolving perspectives of mTOR complexes in immunity and transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:891-902. [PMID: 25737114 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Rapamycin (RAPA) and its immunosuppressive properties, enormous progress has been made in characterizing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Use of RAPA and its analogues (rapalogs) as anti-rejection agents has been accompanied by extensive investigation of how targeting of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), the principal target of RAPA, and more recently mTORC2, affects the function of immune cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells, that play crucial roles in regulation of allograft rejection. While considerable knowledge has accumulated on the function of mTORC1 and 2 in T cells, understanding of the differential roles of these complexes in antigen-presenting cells, NK cells and B cells/plasma cells is only beginning to emerge. Immune cell-specific targeting of mTORC1 or mTORC2, together with use of novel, second generation, dual mTORC kinase inhibitors (TORKinibs) have started to play an important role in elucidating the roles of these complexes and their potential for targeting in transplantation. Much remains unknown about the role of mTOR complexes and the consequences of mTOR targeting on immune reactivity in clinical transplantation. Here we address recent advances in understanding and evolving perspectives of the role of mTOR complexes and mTOR targeting in immunity, with extrapolation to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fantus
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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1333
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Mi YJ, Geng GJ, Zou ZZ, Gao J, Luo XY, Liu Y, Li N, Li CL, Chen YQ, Yu XY, Jiang J. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits glucose uptake and cooperates with glycolysis inhibitor to induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120426. [PMID: 25799586 PMCID: PMC4370589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the chemotherapy efficacy against NSCLC is still unsatisfactory. Previous studies show the herbal antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displays cytotoxic to multiple human tumors. Here, we showed that DHA decreased cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis in A549 and PC-9 cells. Additionally, we first revealed DHA inhibited glucose uptake in NSCLC cells. Moreover, glycolytic metabolism was attenuated by DHA, including inhibition of ATP and lactate production. Consequently, we demonstrated that the phosphorylated forms of both S6 ribosomal protein and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and GLUT1 levels were abrogated by DHA treatment in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of mTOR activation by high expressed Rheb increased the level of glycolytic metabolism and cell viability inhibited by DHA. These results suggested that DHA-suppressed glycolytic metabolism might be associated with mTOR activation and GLUT1 expression. Besides, we showed GLUT1 overexpression significantly attenuated DHA-triggered NSCLC cells apoptosis. Notably, DHA synergized with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, a glycolysis inhibitor) to reduce cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in A549 and PC-9 cells. However, the combination of the two compounds displayed minimal toxicity to WI-38 cells, a normal lung fibroblast cell line. More importantly, 2DG synergistically potentiated DHA-induced activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3, as well as the levels of both cytochrome c and AIF of cytoplasm. However, 2DG failed to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels elicited by DHA. Overall, the data shown above indicated DHA plus 2DG induced apoptosis was involved in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jun Mi
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-jun Geng
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-zhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-yang Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-lei Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-qiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-yi Yu
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XYY); (JJ)
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XYY); (JJ)
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1334
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Srivastava A, Mannam P. Warburg revisited: lessons for innate immunity and sepsis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:70. [PMID: 25806001 PMCID: PMC4353299 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Srivastava
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Praveen Mannam
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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1335
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Campbell EL, Colgan SP. Neutrophils and inflammatory metabolism in antimicrobial functions of the mucosa. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:517-22. [PMID: 25714801 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1114-556r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we will discuss recent findings that implicate neutrophil infiltration and function in establishing a metabolic environment to facilitate efficient pathogen clearance. For decades, neutrophils have been regarded as short lived, nonspecific granulocytes, equipped with toxic antimicrobial factors and a respiratory burst generating ROS. Recent findings demonstrate the importance of HIF signaling in leukocytes and surrounding tissues during inflammation. Here, we will review the potential mechanisms and outcomes of HIF stabilization within the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Campbell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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1336
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Lobet E, Letesson JJ, Arnould T. Mitochondria: a target for bacteria. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:173-85. [PMID: 25707982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells developed strategies to detect and eradicate infections. The innate immune system, which is the first line of defence against invading pathogens, relies on the recognition of molecular patterns conserved among pathogens. Pathogen associated molecular pattern binding to pattern recognition receptor triggers the activation of several signalling pathways leading to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state required to control the infection. In addition, pathogens evolved to subvert those responses (with passive and active strategies) allowing their entry and persistence in the host cells and tissues. Indeed, several bacteria actively manipulate immune system or interfere with the cell fate for their own benefit. One can imagine that bacterial effectors can potentially manipulate every single organelle in the cell. However, the multiple functions fulfilled by mitochondria especially their involvement in the regulation of innate immune response, make mitochondria a target of choice for bacterial pathogens as they are not only a key component of the central metabolism through ATP production and synthesis of various biomolecules but they also take part to cell signalling through ROS production and control of calcium homeostasis as well as the control of cell survival/programmed cell death. Furthermore, considering that mitochondria derived from an ancestral bacterial endosymbiosis, it is not surprising that a special connection does exist between this organelle and bacteria. In this review, we will discuss different mitochondrial functions that are affected during bacterial infection as well as different strategies developed by bacterial pathogens to subvert functions related to calcium homeostasis, maintenance of redox status and mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lobet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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1337
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The epigenetic memory of monocytes and macrophages as a novel drug target in atherosclerosis. Clin Ther 2015; 37:914-23. [PMID: 25704108 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the arterial wall. Monocyte-derived macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques. After stimulation, monocytes can adopt a long-term proinflammatory phenotype. This nonspecific memory of innate immune cells is mediated by epigenetic reprogramming and has recently been termed "trained innate immunity." The goal of this study was to describe the potential role of trained immunity in the development of atherosclerosis and to discuss the potential clinical implications of this concept. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search (PubMed) on the role of epigenetic programming of histones, and of trained immunity in particular, in atherogenesis. FINDINGS In vitro studies demonstrate that modified LDL particles can induce a long-term proinflammatory phenotype in monocytes/macrophages by epigenetic reprogramming at the level of histone methylation. This scenario is associated with increased production of proatherogenic cytokines and chemokines and increased formation of foam cells. IMPLICATIONS Preclinical evidence suggests that trained innate immunity may contribute to vascular wall inflammation in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Epigenetic reprogramming is regulated by enzymes that are amenable to pharmacologic modulation. Therefore, this mechanism could be used to develop novel pharmacologic targets for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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1338
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Epigenetic control of myeloid cell differentiation, identity and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:7-17. [PMID: 25534619 DOI: 10.1038/nri3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are crucial effectors of the innate immune response and important regulators of adaptive immunity. The differentiation and activation of myeloid cells requires the timely regulation of gene expression; this depends on the interplay of a variety of elements, including transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic control involves histone modifications and DNA methylation, and is coupled to lineage-specifying transcription factors, upstream signalling pathways and external factors released in the bone marrow, blood and tissue environments. In this Review, we highlight key epigenetic events controlling myeloid cell biology, focusing on those related to myeloid cell differentiation, the acquisition of myeloid identity and innate immune memory.
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1339
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van der Meer JWM. 30 years hids-Travels between bedside and bench. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:1-7. [PMID: 27226995 PMCID: PMC4843863 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2014.995569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper I describe more than 30 years of investigations of the autoinflammatory syndrome hyper-IgD syndrome (HIDS). In the first paper after the recognition of the syndrome published in 1984, we described the characteristics of this periodic fever syndrome. The hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of the fever and the acute phase response in these patients prompted us to study interleukin-1 (IL-1), the cytokine formerly described as endogenous pyrogen and lymphocyte activating factor. Although we were unable to find elevated concentrations of IL-1 in the circulation, we discovered that white blood cells spontaneously produced elevated amounts of IL-1b. A major next discovery was the identification of the gene defect by us and others in 1999: quite unexpectedly the mevalonate kinase, an enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway was found to be mutated. We were able to describe a founder effect and a phenotypic continuum with the classical mevalonate aciduria in the years to follow. A major step forward was the finding that recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) was an effective treatment for the majority of patients. Thus, research over a period of three decades after the first recognition of the syndrome, has yielded much insight into the pathogenesis as well as an effective therapy for HIDS.
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1340
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Caffrey AK, Lehmann MM, Zickovich JM, Espinosa V, Shepardson KM, Watschke CP, Hilmer KM, Thammahong A, Barker BM, Rivera A, Cramer RA, Obar JJ. IL-1α signaling is critical for leukocyte recruitment after pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus challenge. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004625. [PMID: 25629406 PMCID: PMC4309569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a mold that causes severe pulmonary infections. Our knowledge of how A. fumigatus growth is controlled in the respiratory tract is developing, but still limited. Alveolar macrophages, lung resident macrophages, and airway epithelial cells constitute the first lines of defense against inhaled A. fumigatus conidia. Subsequently, neutrophils and inflammatory CCR2+ monocytes are recruited to the respiratory tract to prevent fungal growth. However, the mechanism of neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to the respiratory tract after A. fumigatus exposure remains an area of ongoing investigation. Here we show that A. fumigatus pulmonary challenge induces expression of the inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 within the first 12 hours, while IL-1α expression continually increases over at least the first 48 hours. Strikingly, Il1r1-deficient mice are highly susceptible to pulmonary A. fumigatus challenge exemplified by robust fungal proliferation in the lung parenchyma. Enhanced susceptibility of Il1r1-deficient mice correlated with defects in leukocyte recruitment and anti-fungal activity. Importantly, IL-1α rather than IL-1β was crucial for optimal leukocyte recruitment. IL-1α signaling enhanced the production of CXCL1. Moreover, CCR2+ monocytes are required for optimal early IL-1α and CXCL1 expression in the lungs, as selective depletion of these cells resulted in their diminished expression, which in turn regulated the early accumulation of neutrophils in the lung after A. fumigatus challenge. Enhancement of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and anti-fungal activity by CXCL1 treatment could limit fungal growth in the absence of IL-1α signaling. In contrast to the role of IL-1α in neutrophil recruitment, the inflammasome and IL-1β were only essential for optimal activation of anti-fungal activity of macrophages. As such, Pycard-deficient mice are mildly susceptible to A. fumigatus infection. Taken together, our data reveal central, non-redundant roles for IL-1α and IL-1β in controlling A. fumigatus infection in the murine lung. Aspergillus spp. are ubiquitous in the environment, and even though individuals are regularly exposed to fungal spores clinical invasive disease is a rare manifestation. In contrast, individuals with weakened immune systems develop severe disease, such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). IPA is associated with extremely poor prognoses and unacceptably high mortality rates. Knowledge gained from understanding how immunocompetent mammals control Aspergillus challenge will help develop new immunomodulatory strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. It is well known that neutrophils and monocytes are crucial immune cells that act to limit fungal growth. Our work demonstrates a central role for the cytokine IL-1α in orchestrating the optimal recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, whereas IL-1β and the inflammasome are more important in activation of anti-fungal activity of the monocytes. Moreover, our studies indicate that CCR2+ monocytes are required for optimal production of IL-1α in the lungs of A. fumigatus challenged mice. Thus, our data highlight a crucial role of the IL-1 cytokine in mediating anti-fungal immunity which might be harnessed to treat clinical cases of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna K. Caffrey
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. Lehmann
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Julianne M. Zickovich
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Shepardson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Watschke
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Hilmer
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Arsa Thammahong
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Bridget M. Barker
- TGen North, Pathogen Genomics Research Division, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Obar
- Montana State University, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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1341
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Beyond receptors and signaling: epigenetic factors in the regulation of innate immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:233-44. [PMID: 25559622 PMCID: PMC4885213 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of innate immune cells with pathogens leads to changes in gene expression that elicit our body's first line of defense against infection. Although signaling pathways and transcription factors have a central role, it is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic factors, in the form of DNA or histone modifications, as well as noncoding RNAs, are critical for generating the necessary cell lineage as well as context‐specific gene expression in diverse innate immune cell types. Much of the epigenetic landscape is set during cellular differentiation; however, pathogens and other environmental triggers also induce changes in histone modifications that can either promote tolerance or ‘train’ innate immune cells for a more robust antigen‐independent secondary response. Here we review the important contribution of epigenetic factors to the initiation, maintenance and training of innate immune responses. In addition, we explore how pathogens have hijacked these mechanisms for their benefit and the potential of small molecules targeting chromatin machinery as a way to boost or subdue the innate immune response in disease. The March 2015 issue contains a Special Feature on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying health and disease. Epigenetic modifications to chromatin influence the transcriptional status of our genes. Thus, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate immune cell fate are of great importance as they will provide insight into not only how to boost immune responses but also alter harmful ones such as autoimmunity and cancer. Immunology and Cell Biology thanks the coordinators of this Special Feature ‐ Rhys Allan ‐ for his planning and input.
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1342
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Zhang XH, Yu HL, Wang FJ, Han YL, Yang WL. Pim-2 Modulates Aerobic Glycolysis and Energy Production during the Development of Colorectal Tumors. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:487-93. [PMID: 26078709 PMCID: PMC4466513 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have higher rates of glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis to meet energy demands for proliferation and metastasis. The characteristics of increased glucose uptake, accompanied with aerobic glycolysis, has been exploited for the diagnosis of cancers. Although much progress has been made, the mechanisms regulating tumor aerobic glycolysis and energy production are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that Pim-2 is required for glycolysis and energy production in colorectal tumor cells. Our results show that Pim-2 is highly expressed in colorectal tumor cells, and may be induced by nutrient stimulation. Activation of Pim-2 in colorectal cells led to increase glucose utilization and aerobic glycolysis, as well as energy production. While knockdown of Pim-2 decreased energy production in colorectal tumor cells and increased their susceptibility to apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of Pim-2 kinase on aerobic glycolysis seem to be partly dependent on mTORC1 signaling, because inhibition of mTORC1 activity reversed the aerobic glycolysis mediated by Pim-2. Our findings suggest that Pim-2-mediated aerobic glycolysis is critical for monitoring Warburg effect in colorectal tumor cells, highlighting Pim-2 as a potential metabolic target for colorectal tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-hui Zhang
- 1. Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Zhongkang Street 9, Daqing, 163001, China
| | - Hong-liang Yu
- 1. Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Zhongkang Street 9, Daqing, 163001, China ; 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Fu-jing Wang
- 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yong-long Han
- 3. The Sixth People's Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Road Yishan 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei-liang Yang
- 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
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1343
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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1344
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Horng T. mTOR trains heightened macrophage responses. Trends Immunol 2014; 36:1-2. [PMID: 25488670 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a primary challenge to protect against secondary infection (e.g., during vaccination) independent of the adaptive immune system is mediated in part by macrophage 'training'. Two new studies show that macrophage training is associated with genome-wide epigenetic changes and is regulated by the mTOR pathway and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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1345
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Martinez FO, Gordon S. The evolution of our understanding of macrophages and translation of findings toward the clinic. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 11:5-13. [PMID: 25434688 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.985658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
'There is at bottom only one genuinely scientific treatment for all diseases, and that is to stimulate the phagocytes,' so declaimed Sir Ralph Bloomfield Bonington in The Doctor's Dilemma, Act 1, by George Bernard Shaw (1906). More often nowadays, the need is to calm the phagocytes, given their role in inflammation and tissue damage. In spite of the growth of cellular and molecular information gained from studies in macrophage cell culture, mouse models and, to a lesser extent, human investigations, and the importance of macrophages in pathogenesis in a wide range of chronic disease processes, there is still a substantial shortfall in terms of clinical applications. In this review, we summarize concepts derived from macrophage studies and suggest possible properties suitable for diagnosis, prognosis and selective targeting of macrophage pathogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando O Martinez
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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1346
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Bekkering S, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Riksen NP. Trained innate immunity as a mechanistic link between sepsis and atherosclerosis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:645. [PMID: 25609403 PMCID: PMC4243323 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Experimental Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
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1347
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Fuchs T, Puellmann K, Emmert A, Fleig J, Oniga S, Laird R, Heida NM, Schäfer K, Neumaier M, Beham AW, Kaminski WE. The macrophage-TCRαβ is a cholesterol-responsive combinatorial immune receptor and implicated in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:59-65. [PMID: 25446098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates constitutive expression of a recombinatorial TCRαβ immune receptor in mammalian monocytes and macrophages. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that macrophage-TCRβ repertoires are modulated by atherogenic low density cholesterol (LDL) and high-density cholesterol (HDL). In vivo, analysis of freshly obtained artery specimens from patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis reveals massive abundance of TCRαβ(+) macrophages within the atherosclerotic lesions. Experimental atherosclerosis in mouse carotids induces accumulation of TCR bearing macrophages in the vascular wall and TCR deficient rag(-/-) mice have an altered macrophage-dependent inflammatory response. We find that the majority of TCRαβ bearing macrophages are localized in the hot spot regions of the atherosclerotic lesions. Advanced carotid artery lesions express highly restricted TCRαβ repertoires that are characterized by a striking usage of the Vβ22 and Vβ16 chains. This together with a significant degree of interindividual lesion repertoire sharing suggests the existence of atherosclerosis-associated TCRαβ signatures. Our results implicate the macrophage-TCRαβ combinatorial immunoreceptor in atherosclerosis and thus identify an as yet unknown adaptive component in the innate response-to-injury process that underlies this macrophage-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fuchs
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Emmert
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg August University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Fleig
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Septimia Oniga
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Laird
- Department of Surgery, Georg August University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nana Maria Heida
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, Georg August University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, Georg August University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander W Beham
- Department of Surgery, Georg August University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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1348
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Saeed S, Quintin J, Kerstens HHD, Rao NA, Aghajanirefah A, Matarese F, Cheng SC, Ratter J, Berentsen K, van der Ent MA, Sharifi N, Janssen-Megens EM, Ter Huurne M, Mandoli A, van Schaik T, Ng A, Burden F, Downes K, Frontini M, Kumar V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ouwehand WH, van der Meer JWM, Joosten LAB, Wijmenga C, Martens JHA, Xavier RJ, Logie C, Netea MG, Stunnenberg HG. Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity. Science 2014; 345:1251086. [PMID: 25258085 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1084] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents a cornerstone process for host defense. Concomitantly, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity determines the functional fate of macrophages and susceptibility to secondary infections. We characterized the transcriptomes and epigenomes in four primary cell types: monocytes and in vitro-differentiated naïve, tolerized, and trained macrophages. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways were modulated in macrophages, including decreased inflammasome activation, and we identified pathways functionally implicated in trained immunity. β-glucan training elicits an exclusive epigenetic signature, revealing a complex network of enhancers and promoters. Analysis of transcription factor motifs in deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites at cell-type-specific epigenetic loci unveiled differentiation and treatment-specific repertoires. Altogether, we provide a resource to understand the epigenetic changes that underlie innate immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Quintin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hindrik H D Kerstens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nagesha A Rao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ali Aghajanirefah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Ratter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Berentsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A van der Ent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nilofar Sharifi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eva M Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Menno Ter Huurne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom van Schaik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Aylwin Ng
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Frances Burden
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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1349
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1350
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Kumar S, Dikshit M. [What is your diagnosis? (Cutaneous leishmaniasis)]. Front Immunol 1983; 10:2099. [PMID: 31616403 PMCID: PMC6764236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant, short lived, and terminally differentiated leukocytes with distinct tiers of arsenals to counter pathogens. Neutrophils were traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive cells, but recent researches in the field led to a paradigm shift in neutrophil biology and revealed subpopulation heterogeneity, and functions pivotal to immunity and inflammation. Furthermore, recent unfolding of metabolic plasticity in neutrophils has challenged the long-standing concept of their sole dependence on glycolytic pathway. Metabolic adaptations and distinct regulations have been identified which are critical for neutrophil differentiation and functions. The metabolic reprogramming of neutrophils by inflammatory mediators or during pathologies such as sepsis, diabetes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are now being explored. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding of the metabolic regulation, that may provide clues for better management and newer therapeutic opportunities for neutrophil centric immuno-deficiencies and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Sachin Kumar
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Madhu Dikshit ;
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