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Ferroportin deficiency in erythroid cells causes serum iron deficiency and promotes hemolysis due to oxidative stress. Blood 2018; 132:2078-2087. [PMID: 30213870 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-842997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (FPN), the only known vertebrate iron exporter, transports iron from intestinal, splenic, and hepatic cells into the blood to provide iron to other tissues and cells in vivo. Most of the circulating iron is consumed by erythroid cells to synthesize hemoglobin. Here we found that erythroid cells not only consumed large amounts of iron, but also returned significant amounts of iron to the blood. Erythroblast-specific Fpn knockout (Fpn KO) mice developed lower serum iron levels in conjunction with tissue iron overload and increased FPN expression in spleen and liver without changing hepcidin levels. Our results also showed that Fpn KO mice, which suffer from mild hemolytic anemia, were sensitive to phenylhydrazine-induced oxidative stress but were able to tolerate iron deficiency upon exposure to a low-iron diet and phlebotomy, supporting that the anemia of Fpn KO mice resulted from erythrocytic iron overload and resulting oxidative injury rather than a red blood cell (RBC) production defect. Moreover, we found that the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values of gain-of-function FPN mutation patients were positively associated with serum transferrin saturations, whereas MCVs of loss-of-function FPN mutation patients were not, supporting that erythroblasts donate iron to blood through FPN in response to serum iron levels. Our results indicate that FPN of erythroid cells plays an unexpectedly essential role in maintaining systemic iron homeostasis and protecting RBCs from oxidative stress, providing insight into the pathophysiology of FPN diseases.
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Vale N, Ferreira A, Matos J, Fresco P, Gouveia MJ. Amino Acids in the Development of Prodrugs. Molecules 2018; 23:E2318. [PMID: 30208629 PMCID: PMC6225300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although drugs currently used for the various types of diseases (e.g., antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, etc.) are effective, they present several undesirable pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties. Most of the drugs have low bioavailability, lack of sensitivity, and do not target only the damaged cells, thus also affecting normal cells. Moreover, there is the risk of developing resistance against drugs upon chronic treatment. Consequently, their potential clinical applications might be limited and therefore, it is mandatory to find strategies that improve those properties of therapeutic agents. The development of prodrugs using amino acids as moieties has resulted in improvements in several properties, namely increased bioavailability, decreased toxicity of the parent drug, accurate delivery to target tissues or organs, and prevention of fast metabolism. Herein, we provide an overview of models currently in use of prodrug design with amino acids. Furthermore, we review the challenges related to the permeability of poorly absorbed drugs and transport and deliver on target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Abigail Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- LAQV&REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Matos
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1074-3, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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103
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Jesus F, Gonçalves AC, Alves G, Silva LR. Exploring the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hemolytic potential of Prunus avium vegetal parts. Food Res Int 2018; 116:600-610. [PMID: 30716986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phenolic profile of leaves, stems and flowers of P. avium and their biological potential. For this purpose, two extracts of each matrix (hydroethanolic and infusion) were prepared. A total of twenty-six phenolics were identified by LC-DAD, including 1 hydroxybenzoic acid, 9 hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 flavonols, 3 isoflavones, 3 flavanones and 3 flavan-3-ols, being the hydroethanolic leaves extract the richest one. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic derivative 1 and sakuranetin derivative were the major compounds found in leaves, flowers and stems, respectively. The hydroethanolic extracts of stems and leaves proved to be the most active against DPPH• and O2•- (IC50 = 22.37 ± 0.29 μg/mL and IC50 = 9.11 ± 0.16 μg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, the infusion extract of stems showed the highest antioxidant activity against •NO (IC50 = 99.99 ± 1.89 μg/mL). The antidiabetic potential was tested using the α-glucosidase enzyme, being the infusion extract of stems the most active, with an IC50 = 3.18 ± 0.23 μg/mL. Finally, the protective effect of the extracts towards human erythrocytes against oxidative damage was also evaluated. The hydroethanolic extract of stems was the most active against lipid peroxidation and hemolysis with an IC50 = 26.20 ± 0.38 μg/mL and IC50 = 1.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the hydroethanolic extract of flowers showed the greater protective effect against hemoglobin oxidation (IC50 = 12.85 ± 0.61 μg/mL). Considering the results obtained in this work, we can consider that leaves, stems and flowers of P. avium are a promising source of bioactive compounds and present health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Jesus
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Gonçalves
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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104
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In the pursuit of the holy grail of forensic science – Spectroscopic studies on the estimation of time since deposition of bloodstains. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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105
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Abstract
The primary β-globin gene mutation that causes sickle cell disease (SCD) has significant pathophysiological consequences that result in hemolytic events and the induction of the inflammatory processes that ultimately lead to vaso-occlusion. In addition to their role in the initiation of the acute painful vaso-occlusive episodes that are characteristic of SCD, inflammatory processes are also key components of many of the complications of the disease including autosplenectomy, acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, leg ulcers, nephropathy and stroke. We, herein, discuss the events that trigger inflammation in the disease, as well as the mechanisms, inflammatory molecules and cells that propagate these inflammatory processes. Given the central role that inflammation plays in SCD pathophysiology, many of the therapeutic approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical development for the treatment of SCD endeavor to counter aspects or specific molecules of these inflammatory processes and it is possible that, in the future, we will see anti-inflammatory drugs being used either together with, or in place of, hydroxyurea in those SCD patients for whom hematopoietic stem cell transplants and evolving gene therapies are not a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - John D Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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106
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Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7172. [PMID: 29739949 PMCID: PMC5940661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogenous compounds enter the environment through various anthropogenic sources. Among these are nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) which can oxidize the heme moiety of hemoglobin and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the molecule resulting in toxicity. Of the two anions, nitrite is more toxic. Hemoglobin levels are influenced by environmental conditions; thus, we hypothesized that hemoglobin levels would influence the toxicity of nitrite with low hemoglobin levels resulting in enhanced toxicity and high hemoglobin levels resulting in reduced toxicity. We tested this hypothesis by elevating hemoglobin levels with pyriproxyfen treatment and lowering hemoglobin levels using siRNA in Daphnia magna. Exposure to pyriproxyfen significantly elevated hemoglobin mRNA levels and induced copper coloration of the organisms, indicative of increased hemoglobin protein accumulation. siRNA treatment significantly reduced hemoglobin mRNA levels in both untreated and pyriproxyfen-treated organisms and attenuated copper coloration. Pyriproxyfen treatment increased the tolerance of daphnids to the acute toxicity of nitrite approximately 2-fold while siRNA treatment significantly decreased the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity. Results indicate that increased hemoglobin levels increase the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity which may serve to protect daphnids in environments subject to hemoglobin-elevating hypoxia or elevated temperatures.
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107
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Zhang DL, Wu J, Shah BN, Greutélaers KC, Ghosh MC, Ollivierre H, Su XZ, Thuma PE, Bedu-Addo G, Mockenhaupt FP, Gordeuk VR, Rouault TA. Erythrocytic ferroportin reduces intracellular iron accumulation, hemolysis, and malaria risk. Science 2018; 359:1520-1523. [PMID: 29599243 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria parasites invade red blood cells (RBCs), consume copious amounts of hemoglobin, and severely disrupt iron regulation in humans. Anemia often accompanies malaria disease; however, iron supplementation therapy inexplicably exacerbates malarial infections. Here we found that the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) was highly abundant in RBCs, and iron supplementation suppressed its activity. Conditional deletion of the Fpn gene in erythroid cells resulted in accumulation of excess intracellular iron, cellular damage, hemolysis, and increased fatality in malaria-infected mice. In humans, a prevalent FPN mutation, Q248H (glutamine to histidine at position 248), prevented hepcidin-induced degradation of FPN and protected against severe malaria disease. FPN Q248H appears to have been positively selected in African populations in response to the impact of malaria disease. Thus, FPN protects RBCs against oxidative stress and malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Liang Zhang
- Section on Human Iron Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Binal N Shah
- Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Katja C Greutélaers
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Manik C Ghosh
- Section on Human Iron Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hayden Ollivierre
- Section on Human Iron Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - George Bedu-Addo
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Victor R Gordeuk
- Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Section on Human Iron Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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108
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Belcher JD, Chen C, Nguyen J, Abdulla F, Zhang P, Nguyen H, Nguyen P, Killeen T, Miescher SM, Brinkman N, Nath KA, Steer CJ, Vercellotti GM. Haptoglobin and hemopexin inhibit vaso-occlusion and inflammation in murine sickle cell disease: Role of heme oxygenase-1 induction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196455. [PMID: 29694434 PMCID: PMC5919001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During hemolysis, hemoglobin and heme released from red blood cells promote oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. Plasma haptoglobin and hemopexin scavenge free hemoglobin and heme, respectively, but can be depleted in hemolytic states. Haptoglobin and hemopexin supplementation protect tissues, including the vasculature, liver and kidneys. It is widely assumed that these protective effects are due primarily to hemoglobin and heme clearance from the vasculature. However, this simple assumption does not account for the consequent cytoprotective adaptation seen in cells and organs. To further address the mechanism, we used a hyperhemolytic murine model (Townes-SS) of sickle cell disease to examine cellular responses to haptoglobin and hemopexin supplementation. A single infusion of haptoglobin or hemopexin (± equimolar hemoglobin) in SS-mice increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver, kidney and skin several fold within 1 hour and decreased nuclear NF-ĸB phospho-p65, and vaso-occlusion for 48 hours after infusion. Plasma hemoglobin and heme levels were not significantly changed 1 hour after infusion of haptoglobin or hemopexin. Haptoglobin and hemopexin also inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation and lipopolysaccharide-induced vaso-occlusion in SS-mice. Inhibition of HO-1 activity with tin protoporphyrin blocked the protections afforded by haptoglobin and hemopexin in SS-mice. The HO-1 reaction product carbon monoxide, fully restored the protection, in part by inhibiting Weibel-Palade body mobilization of P-selectin and von Willebrand factor to endothelial cell surfaces. Thus, the mechanism by which haptoglobin and hemopexin supplementation in hyperhemolytic SS-mice induces cytoprotective cellular responses is linked to increased HO-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Fuad Abdulla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Trevor Killeen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Nathan Brinkman
- CSL Behring, Research & Development, Kankakee, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Karl A. Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Vercellotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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109
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Investigations on the role of hemoglobin in sulfide metabolism by intact human red blood cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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110
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Dhibar DP, Sahu KK, Jain S, Kumari S, Varma SC. Methemoglobinemia in a Case of Paint Thinner Intoxication, Treated Successfully with Vitamin C. J Emerg Med 2018; 54:221-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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111
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Edwards TM, Hamlin HJ, Freymiller H, Green S, Thurman J, Guillette LJ. Nitrate induces a type 1 diabetic profile in alligator hatchlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:767-775. [PMID: 28942280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1 in 300 children by age 18. T1D is caused by inflammation-induced loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, leading to high blood glucose and a host of downstream complications. Although multiple genes are associated with T1D risk, only 5% of genetically susceptible individuals actually develop clinical disease. Moreover, a growing number of T1D cases occur in geographic clusters and among children with low risk genotypes. These observations suggest that environmental factors contribute to T1D etiology. One potential factor, supported primarily by epidemiological studies, is the presence of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, female hatchling alligators were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate in their tank water (reference, 10mg/L, or 100mg/L NO3-N) from hatch through 5 weeks or 5 months of age. At each time point, endpoints related to T1D were investigated: plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, testosterone, estradiol, and thyroxine; pancreas, fat body, and thyroid weights; weight gain or loss; presence of immune cells in the pancreas; and pancreatic beta cell number, assessed by antibody staining of nkx6.1 protein. Internal dosing of nitrate was confirmed by measuring plasma and urine nitrate levels and whole blood methemoglobin. Cluster analysis indicated that high nitrate exposure (most animals exposed to 100mg/L NO3-N and one alligator exposed to 10mg/L NO3-N) induced a profile of endpoints consistent with early T1D that could be detected after 5 weeks and was more strongly present after 5 months. Our study supports epidemiological data correlating elevated nitrate with T1D onset in humans, and highlights nitrate as a possible environmental contributor to the etiology of T1D, possibly through its role as a nitric oxide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
| | - Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haley Freymiller
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Jenna Thurman
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Marine Biomedicine & Environmental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
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112
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Akande M, Audino AN, Tobias JD. Rasburicase-induced Hemolytic Anemia in an Adolescent With Unknown Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:471-475. [PMID: 29290749 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-22.6.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rasburicase, used in the prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), may cause hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Although routine screening for G6PD deficiency has been recommended, given the turnaround time for test results and the urgency to treat TLS, such screening may not be feasible. We report a case of rasburicase-induced hemolytic anemia without methemoglobinemia in an adolescent with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, TLS, and previously unrecognized G6PD deficiency. Previous reports of hemolytic anemia with rasburicase are reviewed, mechanisms discussed, and preventative strategies presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzilat Akande
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (MA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Department of Pediatrics (MA, ANA), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (ANA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus Ohio, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, and Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anthony N Audino
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (MA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Department of Pediatrics (MA, ANA), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (ANA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus Ohio, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, and Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph D Tobias
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (MA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Department of Pediatrics (MA, ANA), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (ANA), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus Ohio, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, and Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (JTD), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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113
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Sen Gupta A. Bio-inspired nanomedicine strategies for artificial blood components. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9:10.1002/wnan.1464. [PMID: 28296287 PMCID: PMC5599317 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood is a fluid connective tissue where living cells are suspended in noncellular liquid matrix. The cellular components of blood render gas exchange (RBCs), immune surveillance (WBCs) and hemostatic responses (platelets), and the noncellular components (salts, proteins, etc.) provide nutrition to various tissues in the body. Dysfunction and deficiencies in these blood components can lead to significant tissue morbidity and mortality. Consequently, transfusion of whole blood or its components is a clinical mainstay in the management of trauma, surgery, myelosuppression, and congenital blood disorders. However, donor-derived blood products suffer from issues of shortage in supply, need for type matching, high risks of pathogenic contamination, limited portability and shelf-life, and a variety of side-effects. While robust research is being directed to resolve these issues, a parallel clinical interest has developed toward bioengineering of synthetic blood substitutes that can provide blood's functions while circumventing the above problems. Nanotechnology has provided exciting approaches to achieve this, using materials engineering strategies to create synthetic and semi-synthetic RBC substitutes for enabling oxygen transport, platelet substitutes for enabling hemostasis, and WBC substitutes for enabling cell-specific immune response. Some of these approaches have further extended the application of blood cell-inspired synthetic and semi-synthetic constructs for targeted drug delivery and nanomedicine. The current study provides a comprehensive review of the various nanotechnology approaches to design synthetic blood cells, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges of the current state-of-art in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1464. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1464 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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114
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Proteomic Analysis of Thiol Modifications and Assessment of Structural Changes in Hemoglobin Induced by the Aniline Metabolites N-Phenylhydroxylamine and Nitrosobenzene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14794. [PMID: 29093547 PMCID: PMC5665987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MS-based proteomic analysis was combined with in silico quantum mechanical calculations to improve understanding of protein adduction by N-phenylhydroxylamine (PhNHOH) and nitrosobenzene (NOB), metabolic products of aniline. In vitro adduction of model peptides containing nucleophilic sidechains (Cys, His, and Lys) and selected proteins (bovine and human hemoglobin and β-lactoglobulin-A) were characterized. Peptide studies identified the Cys thiolate as the most reactive nucleophile for these metabolites, a result consistent with in silico calculations of reactivity parameters. For PhNHOH, sulfinamides were identified as the primary adduction products, which were stable following tryptic digestion. Conversely, reactions with NOB yielded an additional oxidized adduct, the sulfonamide. In vitro exposure of human whole blood to PhNHOH and NOB demonstrated that only sulfinamides were formed. In addition to previously reported adduction of β93Cys of human Hb, two novel sites of adduction were found; α104Cys and β112Cys. We also report CD and UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of adducted human Hb that revealed loss of α-helical content and deoxygenation. The results provide additional understanding of the covalent interaction of aromatic amine metabolites with protein nucleophiles.
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115
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Red blood cell transfusion is a common treatment for anaemia worldwide, but concerns continue to be raised about adverse effects of cellular blood components, which are biological products. One hypothesis for the adverse effects associated with blood transfusion is the harmful effects of storage on red cells that have been demonstrated in laboratory and animal studies. Over the past few years, a number of more significant randomized controlled trials comparing 'fresh' versus 'older' blood have been published in an attempt to address the clinical consequences of storage age, with two further large trials ongoing. RECENT FINDINGS These recent trials enrolled approximately 4000 participants across a variety of populations - cardiac surgical, critically ill, paediatric and acute hospitalized in-patients. All trials achieved statistically significant separation of red cell storage duration between both groups. The results of all these trials have found no clinical benefit to using fresher red cells when compared with older or standard-issue red cells. However, certain subgroups of patients either receiving red cells stored at more extreme ages of storage or those with additional risks for impaired microcirculations (critically ill elderly, severe sepsis and major haemorrhage) were either underrepresented or not included in these trials. SUMMARY At present, on the basis of recent trials, there is no indication for blood transfusion services to implement preferential utilization of fresher red cell units.
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Wan Y, Zhang S, Li L, Chen H, Zhou R. Characterization of a novel streptococcal heme-binding protein SntA and its interaction with host antioxidant protein AOP2. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jaffey JA, Harmon MR, Villani NA, Creighton EK, Johnson GS, Giger U, Dodam JR. Long-term Treatment with Methylene Blue in a Dog with Hereditary Methemoglobinemia Caused by Cytochrome b5 Reductase Deficiency. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1860-1865. [PMID: 28963729 PMCID: PMC5697180 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile male mixed breed dog was presented for lethargy, exercise intolerance, and aggression when touched on the head. Cyanosis, tachycardia, and tachypnea were observed and persisted during oxygen supplementation. Arterial blood gas analysis by co‐oximetry identified an increased methemoglobin concentration (27%; normal, <2%) with normal arterial oxygen tension. The methemoglobinemia and associated clinical signs resolved after administration of methylene blue (1 mg/kg) IV, and the dog was discharged. The affected dog's whole‐genome sequence contained 2 potentially causal heterozygous CYB5R3 missense mutations suggesting that cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency was responsible for the methemoglobinemia. This hypothesis was confirmed by enzyme analysis that identified cytochrome b5 reductase activity in the affected dog's erythrocytes to only approximately 6% of that in a control sample. Clinical signs recurred 11 days after discharge but normalized and the methemoglobin concentration decreased with methylene blue administration PO (1.5 mg/kg, initially daily and then every other day).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jaffey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - M R Harmon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - N A Villani
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - E K Creighton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - G S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - U Giger
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J R Dodam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Dutta G, Lillehoj PB. An ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on redox cycling amplification using methylene blue. Analyst 2017; 142:3492-3499. [PMID: 28831485 PMCID: PMC5600201 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a new enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive measurements of protein biomarkers in plasma and whole blood samples based on a unique electrochemical-chemical-chemical (ECC) redox cycling signal amplification scheme. This scheme uses methylene blue (MB) as a redox indicator which undergoes an endergonic reaction with Ru(NH3)63+ and a highly exergonic reaction with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). This approach offers improved detection sensitivity and sensor stability compared with enzyme-based ECC redox cycling techniques, while involving a simpler sensor modification process and detection protocol. This redox cycling scheme was combined with a robust immunosandwich assay for quantitative measurements of protein biomarkers. For proof of principle, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) was measured in human plasma and whole blood samples, which could be detected down to 10 fg mL-1 and 18 fg mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, this immunosensor exhibits high selectivity, excellent reproducibility and good stability for up to 2 weeks, making it a promising platform for point-of-care testing, especially for detecting extremely low biomarker concentrations in raw biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorachand Dutta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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The Role of Hemoproteins: Hemoglobin, Myoglobin and Neuroglobin in Endogenous Thiosulfate Production Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632164 PMCID: PMC5486136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiosulfate formation and biodegradation processes link aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of cysteine. In these reactions, sulfite formed from thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate while hydrogen sulfide is transformed into thiosulfate. These processes occurring mostly in mitochondria are described as a canonical hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on the interactions between hydrogen sulfide and hemoglobin, myoglobin and neuroglobin and postulate that thiosulfate is a metabolically important product of this processes. Hydrogen sulfide oxidation by ferric hemoglobin, myoglobin and neuroglobin has been defined as a non-canonical hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Until recently, it appeared that the goal of thiosulfate production was to delay irreversible oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate excreted in urine; while thiosulfate itself was only an intermediate, transient metabolite on the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. In the light of data presented in this paper, it seems that thiosulfate is a molecule that plays a prominent role in the human body. Thus, we hope that all these findings will encourage further studies on the role of hemoproteins in the formation of this undoubtedly fascinating molecule and on the mechanisms responsible for its biological activity in the human body.
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Gomperts E, Belcher JD, Otterbein LE, Coates TD, Wood J, Skolnick BE, Levy H, Vercellotti GM. The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:569-582. [PMID: 28378932 PMCID: PMC5723421 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a painful, lifelong hemoglobinopathy inherited as a missense point mutation in the hemoglobin (Hb) beta-globin gene. This disease has significant impact on quality of life and mortality, thus a substantial medical need exists to reduce the vaso-occlusive crises which underlie the pathophysiology of the disease. The concept that a gaseous molecule may exert biological function has been well known for over one hundred years. Carbon monoxide (CO), although studied in SCD for over 50 years, has recently emerged as a powerful cytoprotective biological response modifier capable of regulating a host of physiologic and therapeutic processes that, at low concentrations, exerts key physiological functions in various models of tissue inflammation and injury. CO is physiologically generated by the metabolism of heme by the heme oxygenase enzymes and is measurable in blood. A substantial amount of preclinical and clinical data with CO have been generated, which provide compelling support for CO as a potential therapeutic in a number of pathological conditions. Data underlying the therapeutic mechanisms of CO, including in SCD, have been generated by a plethora of in vitro and preclinical studies including multiple SCD mouse models. These data show CO to have key signaling impacts on a host of metallo-enzymes as well as key modulating genes that in sum, result in significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects as well as vasodilation and anti-adhesion of cells to the endothelium resulting in preservation of vascular flow. CO may also have a role as an anti-polymerization HbS agent. In addition, considerable scientific data in the non-SCD literature provide evidence for a beneficial impact of CO on cerebrovascular complications, suggesting that in SCD, CO could potentially limit these highly problematic neurologic outcomes. Research is needed and hopefully forthcoming, to carefully elucidate the safety and benefits of this potential therapy across the age spectrum of patients impacted by the host of pathophysiological complications of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gomperts
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle Center for Life Sciences, #630, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - John Wood
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Brett E Skolnick
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Howard Levy
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Rankin GO, Tyree C, Pope D, Tate J, Racine C, Anestis DK, Brown KC, Dial M, Valentovic MA. Role of Free Radicals and Biotransformation in Trichloronitrobenzene-Induced Nephrotoxicity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061165. [PMID: 28561793 PMCID: PMC5485989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the comparative nephrotoxic potential of four trichloronitrobenzenes (TCNBs) (2,3,4-; 2,4,5-; 2,4,6-; and 3,4,5-TCNB) and explored the effects of antioxidants and biotransformation inhibitors on TCNB-induced cytotoxicity in isolated renal cortical cells (IRCC) from male Fischer 344 rats. IRCC were incubated with a TCNB up to 1.0 mM for 15–120 min. Pretreatment with an antioxidant or cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavin monooxygenase (FMO), or peroxidase inhibitor was used in some experiments. Among the four TCNBs, the order of decreasing nephrotoxic potential was approximately 3,4,5- > 2,4,6- > 2,3,4- > 2,4,5-TCNB. The four TCNBs exhibited a similar profile of attenuation of cytotoxicity in response to antioxidant pretreatments. 2,3,4- and 3,4,5-TCNB cytotoxicity was attenuated by most of the biotransformation inhibitors tested, 2,4,5-TCNB cytotoxicity was only inhibited by isoniazid (CYP 2E1 inhibitor), and 2,4,6-TCNB-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by one CYP inhibitor, one FMO inhibitor, and one peroxidase inhibitor. All of the CYP specific inhibitors tested offered some attenuation of 3,4,5-TCNB cytotoxicity. These results indicate that 3,4,5-TCNB is the most potent nephrotoxicant, free radicals play a role in the TCNB cytotoxicity, and the role of biotransformation in TCNB nephrotoxicity in vitro is variable and dependent on the position of the chloro groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Connor Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Deborah Pope
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Jordan Tate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Christopher Racine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Dianne K Anestis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Mason Dial
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Bohnhorst B, Hartmann H, Lange M. Severe methemoglobinemia caused by continuous lidocaine infusion in a term neonate. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:576-579. [PMID: 28082013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonates and young infants are especially prone to develop drug-induced methemoglobinemia. Therefore, lidocaine is not licensed as local anesthetic in children below the age of 3 months. However, its systemic use is advocated for neonatal seizures. Cardiac arrhythmia has been reported as sole major side effect. Here we report a case of severe methemoglobinemia caused by continuous infusion of lidocaine in a term neonate with neonatal seizures. The increase of methemoglobin up to 13.8% was accompanied by hypoxemia and cyanosis, necessitating additional inspired oxygen and CPAP ventilation. After stopping lidocaine infusion methemoglobin levels fell and the neonate could be weaned from ventilation. Neonates treated with lidocaine for seizures must be monitored for the occurrence of methemoglobinemia.
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Reading NS, Ruiz‐Bonilla JA, Christensen RD, Cáceres‐Perkins W, Prchal JT. A patient with both methemoglobinemia and G6PD deficiency: A therapeutic conundrum. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:474-477. [PMID: 28195434 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Scott Reading
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP LaboratoriesSalt Lake City Utah USA
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City Utah USA
| | - José A. Ruiz‐Bonilla
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyVA Caribbean Healthcare SystemSan Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Robert D. Christensen
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City Utah USA
| | | | - Josef T. Prchal
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP LaboratoriesSalt Lake City Utah USA
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake City Utah USA
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Sweet cherries from Fundão possess antidiabetic potential and protect human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Food Res Int 2017; 95:91-100. [PMID: 28395830 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the most appreciated summer fruits due to their attractive colour, sweet taste, high water content, low level of calories and composition in bioactive compounds which, in turn, are important to prevent some pathologies like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we evaluated the phenolic profile and biological potential of 5 varieties of sweet cherries from Fundão region (Portugal) (Saco, Sweetheart, Satin, Maring and Hedelfinger). A total of 23 phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD and distributed by the several classes: 6 anthocyanins, 1 hydroxybenzoic acid, 8 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavan-3-ols and 5 flavonols. Maring revealed higher contents in anthocyanins, while Hedelfinger was the richest in non-coloured phenolics. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated against DPPH and nitric oxide radicals. Hedelfinger was the most active against DPPH• (IC50=12.1μg/mL) and Maring against nitric oxide (IC50=140.9μg/mL). Afterwards, antidiabetic capacity was evaluated through the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, pointing Hedelfinger as the most active (IC50=10.3μg/mL). The capacity of Saco extracts to inhibit the hemoglobin oxidation and the hemolysis of human erythrocytes was also evaluated. Both assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect (IC50=38.6μg/mL and IC50=73.0μg/mL, respectively). The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that sweet cherries possess a great biological potential, and further investigation should be done to promote commercialization and encourage its use in food supplements and in new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Chen G, Song X, Wang B, You G, Zhao J, Xia S, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou H. Carboxyfullerene nanoparticles alleviate acute hepatic injury in severe hemorrhagic shock. Biomaterials 2017; 112:72-81. [PMID: 27750099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Patton TG, Blamer SL, Horak KE. Detecting Methemoglobinemia in Animals with a Drop of Blood. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167942. [PMID: 27930713 PMCID: PMC5145221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major concern during pesticide development and use is the impact on non-target species, such as raptors or domestic cats and dogs. Sodium nitrite and para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) are two toxicants currently being studied for the control of invasive species, such as starlings and feral swine. When given to an animal these compounds oxidize hemoglobin, which renders it unable to carry oxygen resulting in methemoglobinemia. This study developed a method to estimate methemoglobin levels in mammals and birds by examining the efficacy of sodium nitrite to induce the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Varying concentrations of sodium nitrite were added to aliquots of coyote, vole, feral swine, starling, and duck blood, collected from captive animals. The blood samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically to determine percent methemoglobin and digitally to determine red color values (RCV) associated with different methemoglobin levels. The avian and mammalian blood reached 100% methemoglobin levels at 200 mM and 15 mM sodium nitrite, respectively. All animals had similar RCV for a given percent methemoglobin. In conclusion, this study developed a procedure to quickly determine methemoglobin levels in mammals and birds. Furthermore, percent methemoglobin can be estimated with one standard curve from any animal species and an image of a blood spot. The technique will be useful during field studies, in agricultural areas, or in a veterinarian’s office for the rapid diagnosis of methemoglobinemia in non-target animals that have eaten toxicants/baits or baited animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni G. Patton
- Fertility Control Project, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Blamer
- Chemistry Laboratory Unit, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Horak
- Fertility Control Project, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nagababu E. Ferriheme catalyzes nitric oxide reaction with glutathione to form S-nitrosoglutathione: A novel mechanism for formation of S-nitrosothiols. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:296-304. [PMID: 27693379 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (SNO) perform many important functions in biological systems, but the mechanism by which they are generated in vivo remains a contentious issue. Nitric oxide (NO) reacts with thiols to form SNO only in the presence of a molecule that will accept an electron from either NO or the thiol. In this study, we present evidence that ferriheme accepts an electron from NO or glutathione (GSH) to generate S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in vitro under anaerobic or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions. Ferriheme formed charge transfer-stable complexes with NO to form ferriheme-NO (heme-Fe(II)-NO+) and with GSH to form ferriheme-GS (heme-Fe(II)-GS•) under anaerobic conditions. The reaction between GSH and the heme-Fe(II)-NO+ complex or between NO and the heme-Fe(II)-GS• complex resulted in simultaneous reductive ferriheme nitrosylation (heme-Fe(II)NO) and the generation of GSNO. Thus, ferriheme is readily reduced to ferroheme in the presence of NO and GSH together, but not with either individually. The reaction between NO and the heme-Fe(II)-GS• complex to generate GSNO occurred more rapidly than NO was consumed by endothelial cells, but not red blood cells. In addition, pretreatment of endothelial cells with ferriheme or the ferriheme-GS complex generated SNO upon addition of NO under hypoxic conditions. The results of this study raise the possibility that in vivo, ferriheme can complex with GSH to form ferriheme-GS complex (heme-Fe(II)-GS•), which rapidly reacts with NO to generate GSNO under intracellular oxygen levels. The GSNO formation by this mechanism is more efficient than any other in vitro mechanism(s) reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enika Nagababu
- Integrated Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross 1150, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Severe Methemoglobinemia due to Sodium Nitrite Poisoning. Case Rep Emerg Med 2016; 2016:9013816. [PMID: 27563472 PMCID: PMC4987464 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9013816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Case. We report a case of severe methemoglobinemia due to sodium nitrite poisoning. A 28-year-old man was brought to our emergency department because of transient loss of consciousness and cyanosis. He was immediately intubated and ventilated with 100% oxygen. A blood test revealed a methemoglobin level of 92.5%. Outcome. We treated the patient with gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and methylene blue (2 mg/kg) administered intravenously. Soon after receiving methylene blue, his cyanosis resolved and the methemoglobin level began to decrease. After relocation to the intensive care unit, his consciousness improved and he could recall ingesting approximately 15 g sodium nitrite about 1 hour before he was brought to our hospital. The patient was discharged on day 7 without neurologic impairment. Conclusion. Severe methemoglobinemia may be fatal. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of methemoglobinemia is very important so that treatment can be started as soon as possible.
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Ley D, Romantsik O, Vallius S, Sveinsdóttir K, Sveinsdóttir S, Agyemang AA, Baumgarten M, Mörgelin M, Lutay N, Bruschettini M, Holmqvist B, Gram M. High Presence of Extracellular Hemoglobin in the Periventricular White Matter Following Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Front Physiol 2016; 7:330. [PMID: 27536248 PMCID: PMC4971438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants continues to be a major clinical problem, occurring in about 15-20% of very preterm infants. In contrast to other brain lesions the incidence of IVH has not been reduced over the last decade, but actually slightly increased. Currently over 50% of surviving infants develop post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and about 35% develop severe neurological impairment, mainly cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. To date there is no therapy available to prevent infants from developing either hydrocephalus or serious neurological disability. It is known that blood rapidly accumulates within the ventricles following IVH and this leads to disruption of normal anatomy and increased local pressure. However, the molecular mechanisms causing brain injury following IVH are incompletely understood. We propose that extracellular hemoglobin is central in the pathophysiology of periventricular white matter damage following IVH. Using a preterm rabbit pup model of IVH the distribution of extracellular hemoglobin was characterized at 72 h following hemorrhage. Evaluation of histology, histochemistry, hemoglobin immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy revealed presence of extensive amounts of extracellular hemoglobin, i.e., not retained within erythrocytes, in the periventricular white matter, widely distributed throughout the brain. Furthermore, double immunolabeling together with the migration and differentiation markers polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) demonstrates that a significant proportion of the extracellular hemoglobin is distributed in areas of the periventricular white matter with high extracellular plasticity. In conclusion, these findings support that extracellular hemoglobin may contribute to the pathophysiological processes that cause irreversible damage to the immature brain following IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Vallius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Kristbjörg Sveinsdóttir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Snjolaug Sveinsdóttir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Alex A. Agyemang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | | | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University HospitalLund, Sweden
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Vercellotti GM, Zhang P, Nguyen J, Abdulla F, Chen C, Nguyen P, Nowotny C, Steer CJ, Smith A, Belcher JD. Hepatic Overexpression of Hemopexin Inhibits Inflammation and Vascular Stasis in Murine Models of Sickle Cell Disease. Mol Med 2016; 22:437-451. [PMID: 27451971 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have low serum hemopexin (Hpx) levels due to chronic hemolysis. We hypothesize that in SCD mice, hepatic overexpression of hemopexin will scavenge the proximal mediator of vascular activation, heme, and will inhibit inflammation and microvascular stasis. To examine the protective role of Hpx in SCD, we transplanted bone marrow from NY1DD SCD mice into Hpx™/™ or Hpx+/+ C57BL/6 mice. Dorsal skin fold chambers were implanted in week 13 post-transplant and microvascular stasis (% non-flowing venules) evaluated in response to heme infusion. Hpx™/™ sickle mice had significantly greater microvascular stasis in response to heme infusion than Hpx+/+ sickle mice (p<0.05), demonstrating the protective effect of Hpx in SCD. We utilized Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated gene transfer to overexpress wild-type rat Hpx (wt-Hpx) in NY1DD and Townes-SS SCD mice. Control SCD mice were treated with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or a luciferase (Luc) plasmid. Plasma and hepatic Hpx were significantly increased compared to LRS and Luc controls. Microvascular stasis in response to heme infusion in NY1DD and Townes-SS mice overexpressing wt-Hpx had significantly less stasis than controls (p<0.05). Wt-Hpx overexpression markedly increased hepatic nuclear Nrf2 expression, HO-1 activity and protein, the heme-Hpx binding protein and scavenger receptor, CD91/LRP1 and decreased NF-κB activation. Two missense (ms)-Hpx SB-constructs that bound neither heme nor the Hpx receptor, CD91/LRP1, did not prevent heme-induced stasis. In conclusion, increasing Hpx levels in transgenic sickle mice via gene transfer activates the Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidant axis and ameliorates inflammation and vaso-occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fuad Abdulla
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlos Nowotny
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 36, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann Smith
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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133
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Carroll TG, Carroll MG. Methemoglobinemia in a Pediatric Oncology Patient Receiving Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim Prophylaxis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:499-502. [PMID: 27424851 PMCID: PMC4950892 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.897820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 6-month Final Diagnosis: Methemoglobinemia Symptoms: — Medication: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Clinical Procedure: Methylene blue administration Specialty: Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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134
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Zhang XH, Hu XD, Zhao SY, Xie LH, Miao YJ, Li Q, Min R, Liu PD, Zhang HQ. Methemoglobin-Based Biological Dose Assessment for Human Blood. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:30-36. [PMID: 27218292 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methemoglobin is an oxidative form of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. The authors' aim was to develop a new biological dosimeter based on a methemoglobin assay. Methemoglobin in peripheral blood (of females or males) that was exposed to a Co source (0.20 Gy min) was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The dose range was 0.5-8.0 Gy. In a time-course experiment, the time points 0, 0.02, 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 21, and 30 d after 4-Gy irradiation of heparinized peripheral blood were used. Methemoglobin levels in a lysed erythrocyte pellet from the irradiated blood of females and males increased with the increasing dose. Methemoglobin levels in female blood irradiated with γ-doses more than 4 Gy were significantly higher than those in male samples at the same doses. Two dose-response relations were fitted to the straight line: one is with the correlation coefficient of 0.98 for females, and the other is with the correlation coefficient of 0.99 for males. The lower limit of dose assessment based on methemoglobin is about 1 Gy. Methemoglobin levels in blood as a result of auto-oxidation increase after 7-d storage at -20 °C. The upregulation of methemoglobin induced by γ-radiation persists for ∼3 d. The absorbed doses that were estimated using the two dose-response relations were close to the actual doses. The results suggest that methemoglobin can be used as a rapid and accurate biological dosimeter for early assessment of absorbed γ-dose in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhang
- *Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China; †Clincal Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; ‡Division of Radiation Medicine, Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China; §Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, P.R. China
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135
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Chikezie PC, Ekechukwu CU. Acute patho-toxicological indicators of methaemoglobinemia. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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136
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Deganello Saccomani M, Cavarzere P, Silvagni D, Dal Corso S, Perlini S, Biban P. A 5-Month-Old Infant with Diffuse Cyanosis and No Other Symptoms. Pediatr Ann 2016; 45:e116-9. [PMID: 27064466 DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20160303-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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137
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Iwabuchi T, Yoshimoto C, Shigetomi H, Kobayashi H. Cyst fluid hemoglobin species in endometriosis and its malignant transformation: The role of metallobiology. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3384-3388. [PMID: 27123121 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the relative concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb) species in endometriosis as a possible indicator of malignancy. Electronic absorption spectroscopy was employed to quantify the Hb species present in the cyst fluid collected from 8 patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), and compared with those present in the cyst fluid of 35 patients with benign endometriotic cysts. The 620/580 nm ratio in the electronic absorption spectrum, which was used as a surrogate indicator of the methemoglobin (metHb)/(oxyhemoglobin+metHb) ratio, was measured in each cyst fluid by ultraviolet/visible grating spectrophotometric microplate reader. The optimal cutoff value was defined according to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The sensitivity and specificity of detection were calculated on the basis of the cutoff value to differentiate EAOC from endometriosis. The 620/580 nm ratio of cyst fluid in EAOC patients was much lower than that measured in women with benign cysts (0.389±0.266 vs. 0.666±0.188, P=0.021). ROC curve analysis performed using 0.35 as the optimal cutoff value indicated that the 620/580 nm ratio had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of 62.5, 100.0, 100.0 and 92.1%, respectively, in the diagnosis of EAOC. In conclusion, metHb is one of the most abundant Hb species in benign cysts, and the absorption 620/580 nm ratio of cyst fluid exhibits high specificity and PPV as a surveillance test for the early detection of malignant transformation of endometriosis. Thus, metallobiology highlights diverse features involved in Hb homeostasis and the pathogenesis of malignant transformation of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Research and Development, Metallogenics Co., Ltd., Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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138
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Roumenina LT, Rayes J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Dimitrov JD. Heme: Modulator of Plasma Systems in Hemolytic Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:200-213. [PMID: 26875449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic diseases such as sickle-cell disease, β-thalassemia, malaria, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia continue to present serious clinical hurdles. In these diseases, lysis of erythrocytes causes the release of hemoglobin and heme into plasma. Extracellular heme has strong proinflammatory potential and activates immune cells and endothelium, thus contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that heme can interfere with the function of plasma effector systems such as the coagulation and complement cascades, in addition to the activity of immunoglobulins. Any perturbation in such functions may have severe pathological consequences. In this review we analyze heme interactions with coagulation, complement, and immunoglobulins. Deciphering such interactions to better understand the complex pathogenesis of hemolytic diseases is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France.
| | - Julie Rayes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France.
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139
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Deletion of the hemopexin or heme oxygenase-2 gene aggravates brain injury following stroma-free hemoglobin-induced intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 26831741 PMCID: PMC4736638 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), red blood cells release massive amounts of toxic heme that causes local brain injury. Hemopexin (Hpx) has the highest binding affinity to heme and participates in its transport, while heme oxygenase 2 (HO2) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the degradation of heme. Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain; however, the significance and role of HO2 and Hpx on microglial clearance of the toxic heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) after ICH still remain understudied. Accordingly, we postulated that global deletion of constitutive HO2 or Hpx would lead to worsening of ICH outcomes. Methods Intracerebral injection of stroma-free hemoglobin (SFHb) was used in our study to induce ICH. Hpx knockout (Hpx−/−) or HO2 knockout (HO2−/−) mice were injected with 10 μL of SFHb in the striatum. After injection, behavioral/functional tests were performed, along with anatomical analyses. Iron deposition and neuronal degeneration were depicted by Perls’ and Fluoro-Jade B staining, respectively. Immunohistochemistry with anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter protein 1 (Iba1) was used to estimate activated microglial cells around the injured site. Results This study shows that deleting Hpx or HO2 aggravated SFHb-induced brain injury. Compared to wild-type littermates, larger lesion volumes were observed in Hpx−/− and HO2−/− mice, which also bear more degenerating neurons in the peri-lesion area 24 h postinjection. Fewer Iba1-positive microglial cells were detected at the peri-lesion area in Hpx−/− and HO2−/− mice, interestingly, which is associated with markedly increased iron-positive microglial cells. Moreover, the Iba1-positive microglial cells increased from 24 to 72 h postinjection and were accompanied with improved neurologic deficits in Hpx−/− and HO2−/− mice. These results suggest that Iba1-positive microglial cells could engulf the extracellular SFHb and provide protective effects after ICH. We then treated cultured primary microglial cells with SFHb at low and high concentrations. The results show that microglial cells actively take up the extracellular SFHb. Of interest, we also found that iron overload in microglia significantly reduces the Iba1 expression level and resultantly inhibits microglial phagocytosis. Conclusions This study suggests that microglial cells contribute to hemoglobin-heme clearance after ICH; however, the resultant iron overloads in microglia appear to decrease Iba1 expression and to further inhibit microglial phagocytosis.
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140
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Racine CR, Ferguson T, Preston D, Ward D, Ball J, Anestis D, Valentovic M, Rankin GO. The role of biotransformation and oxidative stress in 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) induced nephrotoxicity in isolated renal cortical cells from male Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology 2016; 341-343:47-55. [PMID: 26808022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the mono- and dichloroanilines, 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) is the most potent nephrotoxicant in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of renal biotransformation in 3,5-DCA induced nephrotoxicity is unknown. The current study was designed to determine the in vitro nephrotoxic potential of 3,5-DCA in isolated renal cortical cells (IRCC) obtained from male Fischer 344 rats, and the role of renal bioactivation and oxidative stress in 3,5-DCA nephrotoxicity. IRCC (∼ 4 million cells/ml) from male rats were exposed to 3,5-DCA (0-1.0mM) for up to 120 min. In IRCC, 3,5-DCA was cytotoxic at 1.0mM by 60 min as evidenced by the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but 120 min was required for 3,5-DCA 0.5mM to increase LDH release. In subsequent studies, IRCC were exposed to a pretreatment (antioxidant or enzyme inhibitor) prior to exposure to 3,5-DCA (1.0mM) for 90 min. Cytotoxicity induced by 3,5-DCA was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO; methimazole, N-octylamine), cytochrome P450 (CYP; piperonyl butoxide, metyrapone), or peroxidase (indomethacin, mercaptosuccinate) enzymes. Use of more selective CYP inhibitors suggested that the CYP 2C family contributed to 3,5-DCA bioactivation. Antioxidants (glutathione, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, α-tocopherol, ascorbate, pyruvate) also attenuated 3,5-DCA nephrotoxicity, but oxidized glutathione levels and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratios were not increased. These results indicate that 3,5-DCA may be activated via several renal enzyme systems to toxic metabolites, and that free radicals, but not oxidative stress, contribute to 3,5-DCA induced nephrotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Racine
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Travis Ferguson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Debbie Preston
- Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Dakota Ward
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - John Ball
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Dianne Anestis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Monica Valentovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Anneser MR, Haslinger S, Pöthig A, Cokoja M, D'Elia V, Högerl MP, Basset JM, Kühn FE. Binding of molecular oxygen by an artificial heme analogue: investigation on the formation of an Fe–tetracarbene superoxo complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6449-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a heme-like organometallic Fe–NHC complex with O2 is studied. The formation of a superoxo Fe(iii) intermediate is observed. The reactivity of the intermediate in acetone and acetonitrile is described and the products are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus R. Anneser
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 and Faculty of Chemistry
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Stefan Haslinger
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 and Faculty of Chemistry
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 and Faculty of Chemistry
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 and Faculty of Chemistry
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Manuel P. Högerl
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 and Faculty of Chemistry
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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The antimalarial drug primaquine targets Fe-S cluster proteins and yeast respiratory growth. Redox Biol 2015; 7:21-29. [PMID: 26629948 PMCID: PMC4683384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major health burden in tropical and subtropical countries. The antimalarial drug primaquine is extremely useful for killing the transmissible gametocyte forms of Plasmodium falciparum and the hepatic quiescent forms of P. vivax. Yet its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. In this study, we used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model to help uncover the mode of action of primaquine. We found that the growth inhibitory effect of primaquine was restricted to cells that relied on respiratory function to proliferate and that deletion of SOD2 encoding the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase severely increased its effect, which can be countered by the overexpression of AIM32 and MCR1 encoding mitochondrial enzymes involved in the response to oxidative stress. This indicated that ROS produced by respiratory activity had a key role in primaquine-induced growth defect. We observed that Δsod2 cells treated with primaquine displayed a severely decreased activity of aconitase that contains a Fe–S cluster notoriously sensitive to oxidative damage. We also showed that in vitro exposure to primaquine impaired the activity of purified aconitase and accelerated the turnover of the Fe–S cluster of the essential protein Rli1. It is suggested that ROS-labile Fe–S groups are the primary targets of primaquine. Aconitase activity is known to be essential at certain life-cycle stages of the malaria parasite. Thus primaquine-induced damage of its labile Fe–S cluster – and of other ROS-sensitive enzymes – could inhibit parasite development. The mode of action of the antimalarial drug primaquine is poorly understood. The yeast model is used to decipher its mechanism of action. SOD and respiratory function are key for yeast sensitivity to primaquine. Primaquine treatment impairs Fe–S containing enzyme aconitase. Its attack on Fe–S clusters could explain the primaquine-induced growth inhibition.
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143
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Pichert A, Arnhold J. Interaction of the chlorite-based drug WF10 and chlorite with hemoglobin, methemoglobin and ferryl hemoglobin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 585:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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144
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Gaudreault V, Wirbel J, Jardim A, Rohrbach P, Scorza T. Red Blood Cells Preconditioned with Hemin Are Less Permissive to Plasmodium Invasion In Vivo and In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140805. [PMID: 26465787 PMCID: PMC4605744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease that causes severe hemolytic anemia in Plasmodium-infected hosts, which results in the release and accumulation of oxidized heme (hemin). Although hemin impairs the establishment of Plasmodium immunity in vitro and in vivo, mice preconditioned with hemin develop lower parasitemia when challenged with Plasmodium chabaudi adami blood stage parasites. In order to understand the mechanism accounting for this resistance as well as the impact of hemin on eryptosis and plasma levels of scavenging hemopexin, red blood cells were labeled with biotin prior to hemin treatment and P. c. adami infection. This strategy allowed discriminating hemin-treated from de novo generated red blood cells and to follow the infection within these two populations of cells. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of biotinylated-red blood cells revealed increased P. c. adami red blood cells selectivity and a decreased permissibility of hemin-conditioned red blood cells for parasite invasion. These effects were also apparent in in vitro P. falciparum cultures using hemin-preconditioned human red blood cells. Interestingly, hemin did not alter the turnover of red blood cells nor their replenishment during in vivo infection. Our results assign a function for hemin as a protective agent against high parasitemia, and suggest that the hemolytic nature of blood stage human malaria may be beneficial for the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Gaudreault
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- Institute of parasitology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of parasitology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petra Rohrbach
- Institute of parasitology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tatiana Scorza
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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145
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Bonacin JA, Katic V, Toledo KCF, Toma HE. Spectroscopic and electrochemical behavior of a supramolecular tetrapyridylporphyrin encompassing four terpyridine(oxalate)chloridoruthenium(II) complexes and its use in nitrite sensors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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146
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Alessa MA, Craig AK, Cunningham JM. Rasburicase-Induced Methemoglobinemia in a Patient with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2015; 16:590-3. [PMID: 26334783 PMCID: PMC4562617 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.894088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 74 Final Diagnosis: Rasburicase-induced methemoglobinemia Symptoms: Acute shortness of breath Medication: Rasburicase Clinical Procedure: Attempted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alessa
- Department of Pharmacy, Midtown Medical Center, Columbus Regional Health, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Ann Kathryn Craig
- Department of Pharmacy, Midtown Medical Center, Columbus Regional Health, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - James M Cunningham
- Department of Critical Care, Midtown Medical Center, Columbus Regional Health, Columbus, GA, USA
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147
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Albuquerque RV, Malcher NS, Amado LL, Coleman MD, dos Santos DC, Borges RS, Valente SAS, Valente VC, Monteiro MC. In Vitro Protective Effect and Antioxidant Mechanism of Resveratrol Induced by Dapsone Hydroxylamine in Human Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134768. [PMID: 26284371 PMCID: PMC4540410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dapsone (DDS) hydroxylamine metabolites cause oxidative stress- linked adverse effects in patients, such as methemoglobin formation and DNA damage. This study evaluated the ameliorating effect of the antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) on DDS hydroxylamine (DDS-NHOH) mediated toxicity in vitro using human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The antioxidant mechanism was also studied using in-silico methods. In addition, RSV provided intracellular protection by inhibiting DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by DDS-NHOH. However, whilst pretreatment with RSV (10-1000 μM significantly attenuated DDS-NHOH-induced methemoglobinemia, but it was not only significantly less effective than methylene blue (MET), but also post-treatment with RSV did not reverse methemoglobin formation, contrarily to that observed with MET. DDS-NHOH inhibited catalase (CAT) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but did not alter superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. Pretreatment with RSV did not alter these antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes treated with DDS-NHOH. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory methods showed that DDS-NHOH has a pro-oxidant effect, whereas RSV and MET have antioxidant effect on ROS. The effect on methemoglobinemia reversion for MET was significantly higher than that of RSV. These data suggest that the pretreatment with resveratrol may decrease heme-iron oxidation and DNA damage through reduction of ROS generated in cells during DDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosyana V. Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 66075–110, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Nívea S. Malcher
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Lílian L. Amado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- Mechanisms of Drug Toxicity Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosivaldo Sa. Borges
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 66075–110, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Vera C. Valente
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, SVS, MS, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Bairro Guamá, 66075–110, Belém, PA, Brasil
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148
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Voskou S, Aslan M, Fanis P, Phylactides M, Kleanthous M. Oxidative stress in β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Redox Biol 2015; 6:226-239. [PMID: 26285072 PMCID: PMC4543215 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia are inherited haemoglobinopathies resulting in structural and quantitative changes in the β-globin chain. These changes lead to instability of the generated haemoglobin or to globin chain imbalance, which in turn impact the oxidative environment both intracellularly and extracellularly. The ensuing oxidative stress and the inability of the body to adequately overcome it are, to a large extent, responsible for the pathophysiology of these diseases. This article provides an overview of the main players and control mechanisms involved in the establishment of oxidative stress in these haemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Voskou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Aslan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - P Fanis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Phylactides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - M Kleanthous
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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149
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Fook Kong T, Ye W, Peng WK, Wei Hou H, Marcos M, Preiser PR, Nguyen NT, Han J. Enhancing malaria diagnosis through microfluidic cell enrichment and magnetic resonance relaxometry detection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11425. [PMID: 26081638 PMCID: PMC4469967 DOI: 10.1038/srep11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements over the years, there remains an urgent need for low cost diagnostic approaches that allow for rapid, reliable and sensitive detection of malaria parasites in clinical samples. Our previous work has shown that magnetic resonance relaxometry (MRR) is a potentially highly sensitive tool for malaria diagnosis. A key challenge for making MRR based malaria diagnostics suitable for clinical testing is the fact that MRR baseline fluctuation exists between individuals, making it difficult to detect low level parasitemia. To overcome this problem, it is important to establish the MRR baseline of each individual while having the ability to reliably determine any changes that are caused by the infection of malaria parasite. Here we show that an approach that combines the use of microfluidic cell enrichment with a saponin lysis before MRR detection can overcome these challenges and provide the basis for a highly sensitive and reliable diagnostic approach of malaria parasites. Importantly, as little as 0.0005% of ring stage parasites can be detected reliably, making this ideally suited for the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood obtained from patients. The approaches used here are envisaged to provide a new malaria diagnosis solution in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fook Kong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, #03 Enterprise Wing, Singapore
| | - Weijian Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases IRG (ID), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, #03 Enterprise Wing, Singapore
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, #03 Enterprise Wing, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore
| | - M Marcos
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Peter Rainer Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases IRG (ID), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, #03 Enterprise Wing, Singapore
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, #03 Enterprise Wing, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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150
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Rocha S, Gomes D, Lima M, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Santos-Silva A. Peroxiredoxin 2, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the cytosol and membrane of erythrocytes under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:990-1003. [PMID: 25786472 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1028402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are continuously exposed to risk of oxidative injury due to oxidant oxygen species. To prevent damage, they have antioxidant agents namely, catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2). Our aim was to contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between Prx2, Cat, and GPx under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, by studying their changes in the red blood cell cytosol and membrane, in different conditions. These three enzymes were quantified by immunoblotting. Malondialdehyde, that is, lipoperoxidation (LPO) in the erythrocyte membrane, and membrane-bound hemoglobin (MBH) were evaluated, as markers of oxidative stress. We also studied the erythrocyte membrane protein profile, to estimate how oxidative stress affects the membrane protein structure. We showed that under increasing H2O2 concentrations, inhibition of the three enzymes with or without metHb formation lead to the binding of Prx2 and GPx (but not Cat) to the erythrocyte membrane. Prx2 was detected mainly in its oxidized form and the linkage of metHb to the membrane seems to compete with the binding of Prx2. Catalase played a major role in protecting erythrocytes from high exogenous flux of H2O2, since whenever Cat was active there were no significant changes in any of the studied parameters. When only Cat was inhibited, Prx2 and GPx were unable to prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress resulting in increasing MBH and membrane LPO. Additionally, the inhibition of one or more of these enzymes induced changes in the anchor/linker proteins of the junctional complexes of the membrane cytoskeleton-lipid bilayer, which might lead to membrane destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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