101
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Li A, Zhang X, Guo Y, Wang J, Hao Y, Gu Y, Jie Y. The Association Between Dry Eye and Sleep Disorders: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:2203-2212. [PMID: 36545475 PMCID: PMC9762265 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s378751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a disease that severely affects patients' quality of life, increasing the global burden on public health and finance. There is growing evidence that a poor lifestyle is a significant risk factor for dry eye. Along with the development of society, sleep, as a way of life, is also constantly changing. The main manifestations of sleep disorders are reduced sleep time, circadian rhythm disturbances, and sleep breathing disturbances. Sleep disorders and their secondary systemic diseases have attracted wide attention in recent years. This review mainly explored the correlation between sleep disorders and dry eye, and found that sleep-related problems and other factors potentially leading from sleep disorders could be critical factors for dry eye. These results suggest that ophthalmologists should pay attention to the sleep health problems in patients with dry eye, and we hope that this paper can provide help for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Hao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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102
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Arbabi M, Dezhdar Z, Amini B, Dehnavi AZ, Ghasemi M. Depression and anxiety increase the odds of developing delirium in ICU patients; a prospective observational study. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:1-10. [PMID: 34676803 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1991295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is prevalent among hospitalised patients, especially in critically ill patients. Preventing delirium by recognising its modifiable risk factors could improve life quality, decrease mortality and restrain its devastating consequences. METHOD We investigated 50 patients who had been hospitalised in the general ICU and monitored them for developing delirium. We employed CAM and CAM-ICU Scales to assess delirium, RASS score to determine the consciousness level, HADS questionnaire for anxiety and depression, and the demographic data questionnaire. RESULTS We found that 20% of ICU patients developed delirium and found a meaningful correlation between the incident delirium, older ages, visual impairment, and higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of first and second days of hospitalisation. By utilising logistic regression, we found that older ages, visual impairment, higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of the first day of hospitalisation were statistically significant to predict the risk model of developing delirium. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher odds of transitioning to delirium; so, at the admission time, it may be useful to screen patients for the symptoms of affective disorders, particularly, who are at higher risks for developing delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arbabi
- Brain & Spinal Cord Injury Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Psychosomatic Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Amini
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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103
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Lee JS, Jaini PA, Papa F. An Epigenetic Perspective on Lifestyle Medicine for Depression: Implications for Primary Care Practice. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:76-88. [PMID: 35185430 PMCID: PMC8848122 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620954779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common presenting mental health disorder in primary care. It is also a major contributor to somatic complaints, worsening of chronic medical conditions, poor quality of life, and suicide. Current pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approaches avert less than half of depression's cumulative burden on society. However, there is a growing body of research describing both how maladaptive lifestyle choices contribute to the development and worsening of depression and how lifestyle-oriented medical interventions can reduce the incidence and severity of depression. This research, largely derived from an emerging field called epigenetics, elucidates the interactions between our lifestyle choices and those epigenetic factors which mediate our tendencies toward either health, or the onset, if not worsening of disease. The present review highlights how lifestyle choices involving diet, physical activity, sleep, social relationships, and stress influence epigenetic processes positively or negatively, and thereby play a significant role in determining whether one does or does not suffer from depression. The authors propose that medical training programs consider and adopt lifestyle medicine oriented instructional initiatives that will enable tomorrow's primary care providers to more effectively identify and therapeutically intervene in the maladaptive choices contributing to their patients' depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sunghyun Lee
- Jenny Sunghyun Lee, Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical School, 24785 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350; e-mail:
| | - Paresh Atu Jaini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California (JSL)
- Department of Psychiatry, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PAJ)
- Department of Medical Education, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP)
| | - Frank Papa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California (JSL)
- Department of Psychiatry, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PAJ)
- Department of Medical Education, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP)
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104
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Lutin E, Schiweck C, Cornelis J, De Raedt W, Reif A, Vrieze E, Claes S, Van Hoof C. The cumulative effect of chronic stress and depressive symptoms affects heart rate in a working population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1022298. [PMID: 36311512 PMCID: PMC9606467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress and depressive symptoms have both been linked to increased heart rate (HR) and reduced HR variability. However, up to date, it is not clear whether chronic stress, the mechanisms intrinsic to depression or a combination of both cause these alterations. Subclinical cases may help to answer these questions. In a healthy working population, we aimed to investigate whether the effect of chronic stress on HR circadian rhythm depends on the presence of depressive symptoms and whether chronic stress and depressive symptoms have differential effects on HR reactivity to an acute stressor. METHODS 1,002 individuals of the SWEET study completed baseline questionnaires, including psychological information, and 5 days of electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Complete datasets were available for 516 individuals. In addition, a subset (n = 194) of these participants completed a stress task on a mobile device. Participants were grouped according to their scores for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We explored the resulting groups for differences in HR circadian rhythm and stress reactivity using linear mixed effect models. Additionally, we explored the effect of stress and depressive symptoms on night-time HR variability [root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)]. RESULTS High and extreme stress alone did not alter HR circadian rhythm, apart from a limited increase in basal HR. Yet, if depressive symptoms were present, extreme chronic stress levels did lead to a blunted circadian rhythm and a lower basal HR. Furthermore, blunted stress reactivity was associated with depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress. Night-time RMSSD data was not influenced by chronic stress, depressive symptoms or their interaction. CONCLUSION The combination of stress and depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress by itself leads to a blunted HR circadian rhythm. Furthermore, blunted HR reactivity is associated with depressive symptoms and not chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lutin
- Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Imec, Leuven, Belgium.,OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
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105
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Zhao R, Sun JB, Deng H, Cheng C, Li X, Wang FM, He ZY, Chang MY, Lu LM, Tang CZ, Xu NG, Yang XJ, Qin W. Per1 gene polymorphisms influence the relationship between brain white matter microstructure and depression risk. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1022442. [PMID: 36440417 PMCID: PMC9691780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm was involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The detection of circadian genes and white matter (WM) integrity achieved increasing focus for early prediction and diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore the effects of PER1 gene polymorphisms (rs7221412), one of the key circadian genes, on the association between depressive level and WM microstructural integrity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging scanning and depression assessment (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) were performed in 77 healthy college students. Participants also underwent PER1 polymorphism detection and were divided into the AG group and AA group. The effects of PER1 genotypes on the association between the WM characteristics and BDI were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics method. RESULTS Compared with homozygous form of PER1 gene (AA), more individuals with risk allele G of PER1 gene (AG) were in depression state with BDI cutoff of 14 (χ2 = 7.37, uncorrected p = 0.007). At the level of brain imaging, the WM integrity in corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata and fornix was poorer in AG group compared with AA group. Furthermore, significant interaction effects of genotype × BDI on WM characteristics were observed in several emotion-related WM tracts. To be specific, the significant relationships between BDI and WM characteristics in corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata, fornix, external capsule and sagittal stratum were only found in AG group, but not in AA group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the PER1 genotypes and emotion-related WM microstructure may provide more effective measures of depression risk at an early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Bo Sun
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Li
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu-Min Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Yang He
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Ying Chang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Juan Yang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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106
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González KA, Tarraf W, Wallace DM, Stickel AM, Schneiderman N, Redline S, Patel SR, Gallo LC, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Daviglus ML, Zee PC, Talavera GA, Sotres-Alvarez D, González HM, Ramos A. Phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab181. [PMID: 34272952 PMCID: PMC8664595 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Recent work on US Whites from clinical samples used obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms to generate phenotypes for individuals with moderate-severe OSA which suggested 3 to 5 symptom classes. However, it is unknown whether similar classes generalize to diverse Hispanics/Latino adults. Therefore, we sought to fill this gap by empirically deriving sleep phenotypes among a large sample of diverse Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS We used data from The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008-2011), a prospective cohort study designed using a multisite multistage probability sample of adults 18-74 years old. The subpopulation of interest included participants with moderate-severe OSA symptoms (≥15 respiratory event index (REI) events per hour; n = 1,605). We performed latent class analysis for complex survey data using 15 common OSA symptoms (e.g. Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and 4 comorbidities to identify phenotype classes. RESULTS Average age was 52.4 ± 13.9 years and 34.0% were female. Mean REI was 33.8 ± 22.5 events per hour. Fit statistics and clinical significance suggested that a three-class solution provided the best fit to the data. The three phenotypes were: (1) Minimally Symptomatic (47.7%), (2) Excessive sleepiness (37.1%), and (3) Disturbed Sleep (15.2%). Sensitivity models were consistent with the main proposed solution. CONCLUSIONS Derived sleep phenotypes among diverse Hispanic/Latinos were consistent with recent findings from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, but we found notable differences in class prevalence relative to Whites. Further research is needed to link derived sleep phenotypes to health comorbidities in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Department of Healthcare Sciences and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Douglas M Wallace
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariana M Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology and South Bay Latino Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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107
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Burns AC, Saxena R, Vetter C, Phillips AJK, Lane JM, Cain SW. Time spent in outdoor light is associated with mood, sleep, and circadian rhythm-related outcomes: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study in over 400,000 UK Biobank participants. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:347-352. [PMID: 34488088 PMCID: PMC8892387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light has powerful effects on mood, sleep, and the circadian system. Humans evolved in an environment with a clear distinction between day and night, but our modern environments have blurred this distinction. Negative effects of light exposure at night have been well characterized. The importance of daytime light exposure has been less well characterized. Here we examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of time spent in daytime outdoor light with mood, sleep, and circadian-related outcomes. METHODS Participants were drawn from the UK Biobank cohort, a large study of UK adults (n = 502,000; 37-73 years old; 54% women). RESULTS UK Biobank participants reported spending a median of 2.5 daylight hours (IQR = 1.5-3.5 h) outdoors per day. Each additional hour spent outdoors during the day was associated with lower odds of lifetime major depressive disorder (95% CI OR:0.92-0.98), antidepressant usage (OR:0.92-0.98), less frequent anhedonia (OR:0.93-0.96) and low mood (OR:0.87-0.90), greater happiness (OR:1.41-1.48) and lower neuroticism (incident rate ratio, IRR:0.95-0.96), independent of demographic, lifestyle, and employment covariates. In addition, each hour of daytime light was associated with greater ease of getting up (OR:1.46-1.49), less frequent tiredness (OR:0.80-0.82), fewer insomnia symptoms (OR:0.94-0.97), and earlier chronotype (adjusted odds ratio; OR:0.75-0.77). Auto-Regressive Cross-Lagged (ARCL) models were used to examine the longitudinal association of time spent in outdoor light at baseline with later mood-, sleep- and circadian-related outcomes reported at time point 2. Overall, longitudinal associations support cross-sectional findings, though generally with smaller effect sizes. LIMITATIONS Future studies that examine the intensity of daytime light exposure at the ocular level are needed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that low daytime light exposure is an important environmental risk factor for mood, sleep, and circadian-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus C Burns
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA; The Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA; The Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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108
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Emerging role of microRNAs as novel targets of antidepressants. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 66:102906. [PMID: 34740127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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109
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Gillett G, Watson G, Saunders KE, McGowan NM. Sleep and circadian rhythm actigraphy measures, mood instability and impulsivity: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:66-79. [PMID: 34601378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The normal spectrum trait measures of mood instability and impulsivity are implicated in and comprise core symptoms of several psychiatric disorders. A bidirectional relationship between these traits and sleep disturbance and circadian rhythm dysfunction has been hypothesised, although has not been systematically assessed using objective measures in naturalistic settings. We systematically reviewed the literature following PRISMA guidelines, according to a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD 42018108213). Peer-reviewed quantitative studies assessing an association between actigraphic variables and any measure of mood instability or impulsivity in participants aged 12-65 years old were included. Studies were critically appraised using the AXIS tool. Twenty-three articles were retained for inclusion. There was significant heterogeneity in the selection and reporting of actigraphic variables and metrics of mood instability and impulsivity. We identified emerging evidence of a positive association between circadian rest-activity pattern disturbance and delayed sleep timing with both mood instability and impulsivity. Evidence for an association with sleep duration, sleep efficiency or sleep quality was inconsistent. Future research should focus on longitudinal intra-individual associations to establish the directionality between these measures and may lead to the development of chronotherapeutic interventions for a number of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gillett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Watson
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Ea Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Niall M McGowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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110
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Netter P. Between Temperament and Psychopathology: Examples from Neuropharmacological Challenge Tests in Healthy Humans. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:84-100. [PMID: 33647900 DOI: 10.1159/000514074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper tries to demonstrate that the questionnaire-based continuum between temperament traits and psychopathology can also be shown on the biochemical level. A common feature is the incapacity to adapt to external demands, as demonstrated by examples of disturbed hormone cycles as well as neurotransmitter (TM) responses related to affective and impulse control disorders. METHODS Pharmacological challenge tests performed in placebo-controlled balanced crossover experiments with consecutive challenges by serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), and dopamine (DA) agonistic drugs were applied to healthy subjects, and individual responsivities of each TM system assessed by respective cortisol and prolactin responses were related to questionnaire-based facets of depressiveness and impulsivity, respectively. RESULTS The depression-related traits "Fatigue" and "Physical Anhedonia" were characterized by low and late responses to DA stimulation as opposed to "Social Anhedonia," which rather mirrored the pattern of schizophrenia. Reward-related and premature responding-related impulsivity represented by high scores on "Disinhibition" and "Motor Impulsivity," respectively, as well as the questionnaire-based components of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, "Cognitive" and "Motor Impulsivity," could be discriminated by their patterns of DA/NA responses. 5-HT responses suggested that instead of the expected low availability of 5-HT claimed to be associated with impulse control disorders, low NA responses indicated lack of inhibition in impulsivity and high NA responses in depression-related "Anhedonia" indicated suppression of approach motivation. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the flaws of pharmacological challenge tests, they may be suitable for demonstrating similarities in TM affinities between psychopathological disturbances and respective temperament traits and for separating sub-entities of larger disease spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Netter
- Department of Psychology, University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany,
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111
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Yang Y, Jiang W, Feng Y, Liu J, Chen H, Wang D, Zhao R. Melatonin alleviates hippocampal GR inhibition and depression-like behavior induced by constant light exposure in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112979. [PMID: 34794022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light pollution has become a potential health risk factor worldwide. Chronic exposure to constant light (CCL) leads to depressive-like behavior, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mice exposed to CCL for 3 weeks exhibited depression-like behaviors, with decreased melatonin in plasma and increased oxidative stress in hippocampus. Meanwhile, CCL-exposed mice showed elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and diminished glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation in hippocampus. Concurrently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) was inactivated with increased phosphorylation at Ser9. The interrelationship of GSK3β and GR was clarified in mouse hippocampal neuron (HT-22) cells. GSK3β inhibitor CHIR-99021 induced GR inhibition with diminished phosphorylation, while GR inhibitor RU486 did not affect GSK3β expression or phosphorylation. Furthermore, GSK3β-mediated GR inhibition was reproduced in vitro in HT-22 cells treated with melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole and H2O2 in combination. Finally, melatonin reversed GSK3β-mediated GR inhibition in hippocampus and improved CCL-induced depression-like behavior in mice. These results indicate that CCL induces melatonin deficiency and oxidative stress in hippocampus, which in turn leads to GSK3β-mediated GR inhibition and depression-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenduo Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deyun Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Linking Depression to Epigenetics: Role of the Circadian Clock. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:43-53. [PMID: 34773225 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock governs multiple biological functions at the molecular level and plays an essential role in providing temporal diversity of behavior and physiology including neuronal activity. Studies spanning the past two decades have deciphered the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock, which appears to operate as an essential interface in linking cellular metabolism to epigenetic control. Accumulating evidence illustrates that disruption of circadian rhythms through jet lag, shift work, and temporary irregular life-style could lead to depression-like symptoms. Remarkably, abnormal neuronal activity and depression-like behavior appear in animals lacking elements of the molecular clock. Recent studies demonstrate that neuronal and synaptic gene induction is under epigenetic control, and robust epigenetic remodeling is observed under depression and related psychiatric disorders. Thus, the intertwined links between the circadian clock and epigenetics may point to novel approaches for antidepressant treatments, epigenetic therapy, and chronotherapy. In this chapter we summarize how the circadian clock is involved in neuronal functions and depressive-like behavior and propose that potential strategies for antidepressant therapy by incorporating circadian genomic and epigenetic rewiring of neuronal signaling pathways.
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Rykov Y, Thach TQ, Bojic I, Christopoulos G, Car J. Digital Biomarkers for Depression Screening With Wearable Devices: Cross-sectional Study With Machine Learning Modeling. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e24872. [PMID: 34694233 PMCID: PMC8576601 DOI: 10.2196/24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that is undiagnosed and untreated in half of all cases. Wearable activity trackers collect fine-grained sensor data characterizing the behavior and physiology of users (ie, digital biomarkers), which could be used for timely, unobtrusive, and scalable depression screening. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the predictive ability of digital biomarkers, based on sensor data from consumer-grade wearables, to detect risk of depression in a working population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 290 healthy working adults. Participants wore Fitbit Charge 2 devices for 14 consecutive days and completed a health survey, including screening for depressive symptoms using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), at baseline and 2 weeks later. We extracted a range of known and novel digital biomarkers characterizing physical activity, sleep patterns, and circadian rhythms from wearables using steps, heart rate, energy expenditure, and sleep data. Associations between severity of depressive symptoms and digital biomarkers were examined with Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders, including sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking, self-rated health, subjective sleep characteristics, and loneliness. Supervised machine learning with statistically selected digital biomarkers was used to predict risk of depression (ie, symptom severity and screening status). We used varying cutoff scores from an acceptable PHQ-9 score range to define the depression group and different subsamples for classification, while the set of statistically selected digital biomarkers remained the same. For the performance evaluation, we used k-fold cross-validation and obtained accuracy measures from the holdout folds. Results A total of 267 participants were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 33 (SD 8.6, range 21-64) years. Out of 267 participants, there was a mild female bias displayed (n=170, 63.7%). The majority of the participants were Chinese (n=211, 79.0%), single (n=163, 61.0%), and had a university degree (n=238, 89.1%). We found that a greater severity of depressive symptoms was robustly associated with greater variation of nighttime heart rate between 2 AM and 4 AM and between 4 AM and 6 AM; it was also associated with lower regularity of weekday circadian rhythms based on steps and estimated with nonparametric measures of interdaily stability and autocorrelation as well as fewer steps-based daily peaks. Despite several reliable associations, our evidence showed limited ability of digital biomarkers to detect depression in the whole sample of working adults. However, in balanced and contrasted subsamples comprised of depressed and healthy participants with no risk of depression (ie, no or minimal depressive symptoms), the model achieved an accuracy of 80%, a sensitivity of 82%, and a specificity of 78% in detecting subjects at high risk of depression. Conclusions Digital biomarkers that have been discovered and are based on behavioral and physiological data from consumer wearables could detect increased risk of depression and have the potential to assist in depression screening, yet current evidence shows limited predictive ability. Machine learning models combining these digital biomarkers could discriminate between individuals with a high risk of depression and individuals with no risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Rykov
- Neuroglee Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Iva Bojic
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Christopoulos
- Division of Leadership, Management and Organisation, Nanyang Business School, College of Business, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Faltraco F, Palm D, Coogan A, Simon F, Tucha O, Thome J. Molecular Link between Circadian Rhythmicity and Mood Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5692-5709. [PMID: 34620057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211007113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internal clock is driven by circadian genes [e.g., Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1-2], hormones [e.g., melatonin, cortisol], as well as zeitgeber ['synchronisers']. Chronic disturbances in the circadian rhythm in patients diagnosed with mood disorders have been recognised for more than 50 years. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in the context of mood disorders, focussing on the role of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. METHOD The review presents the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in mood disorders using the Pubmed database. Articles with a focus on circadian rhythms and mood disorders [n=123], particularly from 1973 to 2020, were included. RESULTS The article suggests a molecular link between disruptions in the circadian rhythm and mood disorders. Circadian disturbances, caused by the dysregulation of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, often result in a clinical picture resembling depression. CONCLUSION Circadian rhythms are intrinsically linked to affective disorders, such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Ireland
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock. Germany
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Social zeitgebers and circadian dysrhythmia are associated with severity of symptoms of PTSD and depression in trauma-affected refugees. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1319-1329. [PMID: 33956223 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relation of aspects of rest-activity patterns, i.e., social zeitgebers, physical activity and circadian rhythm, to the severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms has not previously been studied. Doing so could provide valuable insight into possible targets for treatment. Our study explored these links in a population of 219 trauma-affected refugees diagnosed with PTSD who were seeking treatment. Data regarding social zeitgebers, such as affiliation with the labor market and contact with social network, and symptoms of PTSD and depression were collected from them. Furthermore, their levels of physical activity and circadian rest-activity parameters were calculated from actigraphy data. Bivariate correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine various aspects of rest-activity regarding relation to severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Several social zeitgebers were associated with severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms. The level of physical activity was unrelated to symptom severity, whereas a rest-activity pattern, with early onset of the most active 10 h, was associated with severity of PTSD, and a circadian rhythm with a large difference between periods of rest and activity was associated with severity of depression. Social zeitgebers, levels of physical activity and circadian rhythm parameters were all associated with each other. Social zeitgebers and circadian rhythm parameters were significantly related to the severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms-a relationship indicating that interventions targeting regularity of daily routines have a potential role in treating PTSD and depression in trauma-affected refugees.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02761161, April 27, 2016.
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Patient fibroblast circadian rhythms predict lithium sensitivity in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5252-5265. [PMID: 32404948 PMCID: PMC8589670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition associated with mood instability, where patients present significant sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Currently, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains elusive, but treatment with lithium continues as the benchmark pharmacotherapy, functioning as a potent mood stabilizer in most, but not all patients. Lithium is well documented to induce period lengthening and amplitude enhancement of the circadian clock. Based on this, we sought to investigate whether lithium differentially impacts circadian rhythms in bipolar patient cell lines and crucially if lithium's effect on the clock is fundamental to its mood-stabilizing effects. We analyzed the circadian rhythms of bipolar patient-derived fibroblasts (n = 39) and their responses to lithium and three further chronomodulators. Here we show, relative to controls (n = 23), patients exhibited a wider distribution of circadian period (p < 0.05), and that patients with longer periods were medicated with a wider range of drugs, suggesting lower effectiveness of lithium. In agreement, patient fibroblasts with longer periods displayed muted circadian responses to lithium as well as to other chronomodulators that phenocopy lithium. These results show that lithium differentially impacts the circadian system in a patient-specific manner and its effect is dependent on the patient's circadian phenotype. We also found that lithium-induced behavioral changes in mice were phenocopied by modulation of the circadian system with drugs that target the clock, and that a dysfunctional clock ablates this response. Thus, chronomodulatory compounds offer a promising route to a novel treatment paradigm. These findings, upon larger-scale validation, could facilitate the implementation of a personalized approach for mood stabilization.
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Crouse JJ, Carpenter JS, Song YJC, Hockey SJ, Naismith SL, Grunstein RR, Scott EM, Merikangas KR, Scott J, Hickie IB. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disturbances and depression in young people: implications for prevention and early intervention. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:813-823. [PMID: 34419186 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rate-limiting step in the prevention and early intervention of depressive disorders in young people is our insufficient understanding of causal mechanisms. One plausible pathophysiological pathway is disturbance in the 24 h sleep-wake cycle and the underlying circadian system. Abnormalities in circadian rhythms are well documented in adults with various depressive disorders and have been linked to core clinical features, including unstable mood, daytime fatigue, non-restorative sleep, reduced motor activity, somatic symptoms, and appetite and weight change. In this Review, we summarise four areas of research: basic circadian biology and animal models of circadian disturbances; developmental changes in circadian rhythms during adolescence and implications for the emergence of adolescent-onset depressive syndromes; community and clinical studies linking 24 h sleep-wake cycle disturbances and depressive disorders; and clinical trials of circadian-based treatments. We present recommendations based on a highly personalised, early intervention model for circadian-linked depression in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joanne S Carpenter
- Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yun Ju C Song
- Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel J Hockey
- Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Scott
- St Vincent's and Mater Clinical School, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Youth Mental Health and Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gyorik D, Eszlari N, Gal Z, Torok D, Baksa D, Kristof Z, Sutori S, Petschner P, Juhasz G, Bagdy G, Gonda X. Every Night and Every Morn: Effect of Variation in CLOCK Gene on Depression Depends on Exposure to Early and Recent Stress. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:687487. [PMID: 34512413 PMCID: PMC8428175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.687487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circadian dysregulation is increasingly acknowledged in the background of depressive symptoms, and is also a promising treatment target. Similarly, stress shows a complex relationship with the circadian system. The CLOCK gene, encoding a key element in circadian regulation has been implicated in previous candidate variant studies in depression with contradictory findings, and only a few such studies considered the interacting effects of stress. We investigated the effect of CLOCK variation with a linkage-disequilibrium-based clumping method, in interaction with childhood adversities and recent negative life events, on two phenotypes of depression, lifetime depression and current depressive symptoms in a general population sample. Methods: Participants in NewMood study completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess current depressive symptoms, provided data on lifetime depression, and were genotyped for 1054 SNPs in the CLOCK gene, 370 of which survived quality control and were entered into linear and logistic regression models with current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression as the outcome variable, and childhood adversities or recent life events as interaction variables followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping process to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. Results: No significant clumps with a main effect were found. In interaction with recent life events a significant clump containing 94 SNPs with top SNP rs6825994 for dominant and rs6850524 for additive models on current depression was identified, while in interaction with childhood adversities on current depressive symptoms, two clumps, both containing 9 SNPs were found with top SNPs rs6828454 and rs711533. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CLOCK contributes to depressive symptoms, but via mediating the effects of early adversities and recent stressors. Given the increasing burden on circadian rhythmicity in the modern lifestyle and our expanding insight into the contribution of circadian disruption in depression especially as a possible mediator of stress, our results may pave the way for identifying those who would be at an increased risk for depressogenic effects of circadian dysregulation in association with stress as well as new molecular targets for intervention in stress-related psychopathologies in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorka Gyorik
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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A wake-up call: Sleep physiology and related translational discrepancies in studies of rapid-acting antidepressants. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 206:102140. [PMID: 34403718 PMCID: PMC9583188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is frequently associated with sleep problems, and clinical improvement often coincides with the normalization of sleep architecture and realignment of circadian rhythm. The effectiveness of treatments targeting sleep in depressed patients, such as sleep deprivation, further demonstrates the confluence of sleep and mood. Moreover, recent studies showing that the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine influences processes related to sleep-wake neurobiology have led to novel hypotheses explaining rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Despite the available evidence, studies addressing ketamine’s antidepressant effects have focused on pharmacology and often overlooked the role of physiology. To explore this discrepancy in research on rapid-acting antidepressants, we examined articles published between 2009–2019. A keyword search algorithm indicated that vast majority of the articles completely ignored sleep. Out of the 100 most frequently cited preclinical and clinical research papers, 89 % and 71 %, respectively, did not mention sleep at all. Furthermore, only a handful of these articles disclosed key experimental variables, such as the times of treatment administration or behavioral testing, let alone considered the potential association between these variables and experimental observations. Notably, in preclinical studies, treatments were preferentially administered during the inactive period, which is the polar opposite of clinical practice and research. We discuss the potential impact of this practice on the results in the field. Our hope is that this perspective will serve as a wake-up call to (re)-examine rapid-acting antidepressant effects with more appreciation for the role of sleep and chronobiology.
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms, present in most phyla across life, are biological oscillations occurring on a daily cycle. Since the discovery of their molecular foundations in model organisms, many inputs that modify this tightly controlled system in humans have been identified. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence each person's circadian rhythm, contributing to the trait known as chronotype, which manifests as the degree of morning or evening preference in an individual. Despite normal variation in chronotype, much of society operates on a "one size fits all" schedule that can be difficult to adjust to, especially for certain individuals whose endogenous circadian phase is extremely advanced or delayed. This is a public health concern, as phase misalignment in humans is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, modern technology (such as electric lights and computer, tablet, and phone screens that emit blue light) and lifestyles (such as shift or irregular work schedules) are disrupting circadian consistency in an increasing number of people. Though medical and lifestyle interventions can alleviate some of these issues, growing research on endogenous circadian variability and sensitivity suggests that broader social changes may be necessary to minimize the impact of circadian misalignment on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Schiweck C, Lutin E, De Raedt W, Cools O, Coppens V, Morrens M, Van Hoof C, Vrieze E, Claes S. Twenty-Four-Hour Heart Rate Is a Trait but Not State Marker for Depression in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial With a Single Infusion of Ketamine. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:696170. [PMID: 34393856 PMCID: PMC8358607 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.696170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities of heart rate (HR) and its variability are characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, circadian rhythm is rarely taken into account when statistically exploring state or trait markers for depression. Methods: A 4-day electrocardiogram was recorded for 16 treatment-resistant patients with MDD and 16 age- and sex-matched controls before, and for the patient group only, after a single treatment with the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine or placebo (clinical trial registration available on https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ with EUDRACT number 2016-001715-21). Circadian rhythm differences of HR and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) were compared between groups and were explored for classification purposes. Baseline HR/RMSSD were tested as predictors for treatment response, and physiological measures were assessed as state markers. Results: Patients showed higher HR and lower RMSSD alongside marked reductions in HR amplitude and RMSSD variation throughout the day. Excellent classification accuracy was achieved using HR during the night, particularly between 2 and 3 a.m. (90.6%). A positive association between baseline HR and treatment response (r = 0.55, p = 0.046) pointed toward better treatment outcome in patients with higher HR. Heart rate also decreased significantly following treatment but was not associated with improved mood after a single infusion of ketamine. Limitations: Our study had a limited sample size, and patients were treated with concomitant antidepressant medication. Conclusion: Patients with depression show a markedly reduced amplitude for HR and dysregulated RMSSD fluctuation. Higher HR and lower RMSSD in depression remain intact throughout a 24-h day, with the highest classification accuracy during the night. Baseline HR levels show potential for treatment response prediction but did not show potential as state markers in this study. Clinical trial registration: EUDRACT number 2016-001715-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erika Lutin
- Electrical Engineering, ESAT-MICAS Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Olivia Cools
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Violette Coppens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Electrical Engineering, ESAT-MICAS Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Imec, Leuven, Belgium
- OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Ziółkowski H, Sartini I, Lisowski A, Kowalski CJ, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Agomelatine: A novel melatonergic antidepressant. Method validation and first exploratory pharmacokinetic study in fasted and fed dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:140-144. [PMID: 34303122 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine is a novel melatonergic antidepressant, with a non-monoaminergic mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to evaluate its plasma concentrations after a single oral dose of 300 mg/dog in fasted and fed status. The research was carried out in 6 adult healthy Labrador dogs according to a randomized open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, paired 2 × 2 cross-over study. At the end of the study all the animals had received the drug in fasted and fed conditions. The drug concentrations were detected in plasma by a validated LC-MS/MS analytical method. The plasma concentrations of agomelatine were found to be extremely variable in both groups as well as the pharmacokinetic profiles. Due to these variable findings the only reliable pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed as Cmax (31.8 vs 15.7 ng/mL), Tmax (0.75 vs 4 h) and AUC (155 vs 52 ng h/mL) in fasted and fed status, respectively. Unfortunately, as a pioneer study, the small animal sample size used along with the unanticipated variability did not allow to neither statistically estimate if food can affect the pharmacokinetics of agomelatine nor recommend agomelatine for off-label therapies in canine species. Further studies are warranted to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hubert Ziółkowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary J Kowalski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy.
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BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression-Role of Physical Exercise and Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147553. [PMID: 34300001 PMCID: PMC8307197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most common and devastating psychiatric disorder in the world. Its symptoms, especially during the pandemic, are observed in all age groups. Exercise training (ET) is well known as a non-pharmacological strategy to alleviate clinical depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the biological factors whose expression and secretion are intensified in response to ET. BDNF is also secreted by contracted skeletal muscle that likely exerts para-, auto- and endocrine effects, supporting the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other distant organs/tissues, such as the nervous system. This finding suggests that they communicate and work together to induce improvements on mood, cognition, and learning processes as BDNF is the main player in the neurogenesis, growth, and survival of neurons. Therefore, BDNF has been recognized as a therapeutic factor in clinical depression, especially in response to ET. The underlying mechanisms through which ET impacts depression are varied. The aim of this review was to provide information of the biological markers of depression such as monoamines, tryptophan, endocannabinoids, markers of inflammatory processes (oxidative stress and cytokines) stress and sex hormones and their relationship to BDNF. In addition, we reviewed the effects of ET on BNDF expression and how it impacts depression as well as the potential mechanisms mediating this process, providing a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in depression.
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George SV, Kunkels YK, Booij S, Wichers M. Uncovering complexity details in actigraphy patterns to differentiate the depressed from the non-depressed. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13447. [PMID: 34188115 PMCID: PMC8241993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the negative association between physical activity and depression has been well established, it is unclear what precise characteristics of physical activity patterns explain this association. Complexity measures may identify previously unexplored aspects of objectively measured activity patterns, such as the extent to which individuals show repetitive periods of physical activity and the diversity in durations of such repetitive activity patterns. We compared the complexity levels of actigraphy data gathered over 4 weeks ([Formula: see text] data points each) for every individual, from non-depressed ([Formula: see text]) and depressed ([Formula: see text]) groups using recurrence plots. Significantly lower levels of complexity were detected in the actigraphy data from the depressed group as compared to non-depressed controls, both in terms of lower mean durations of periods of recurrent physical activity and less diversity in the duration of these periods. Further, diagnosis of depression was not significantly associated with mean activity levels or measures of circadian rhythm stability, and predicted depression status better than these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Varkey George
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen , The Netherlands.
| | - Yoram K Kunkels
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen , The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Lentis, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen , The Netherlands
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Bowman MA, Kline CE, Buysse DJ, Kravitz HM, Joffe H, Matthews KA, Bromberger JT, Roecklein KA, Krafty RT, Hall MH. Longitudinal Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Multidimensional Sleep Health: The SWAN Sleep Study. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:641-652. [PMID: 33410460 PMCID: PMC8240133 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances disproportionately affect midlife women. While there may be a bidirectional association, few studies have examined whether depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with subsequent sleep. Sleep is typically considered unidimensional, despite emerging evidence that multidimensional sleep health provides novel information on the sleep-health link. PURPOSE The current study examined whether higher depressive symptoms were longitudinally associated with poorer multidimensional sleep health. METHOD Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale across six to nine annual assessments in 302 midlife women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Six months after their last assessment, actigraphy (mean ± standard deviation = 29.3 ± 6.9 days) and self-report were used to assess sleep health components: efficiency, duration, mid-sleep timing, regularity, alertness, and satisfaction, which were dichotomized and summed to create a composite multidimensional sleep health score. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and multidimensional sleep health, as well as individual sleep health components, adjusting for covariates. Exploratory analyses stratified models by race/ethnicity. RESULTS Higher depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent poorer multidimensional sleep health (p < .0.001) and lower alertness (p < .0001) and satisfaction with sleep (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our finding that higher average depressive symptoms were associated longitudinally with actigraphy-measured poorer sleep health in midlife women is novel and converges with the larger body of evidence that these two common symptoms are strongly associated. The bidirectional relationship between these two prevalent symptoms needs to be studied in prospective longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Bowman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard M Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology and the Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joyce T Bromberger
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert T Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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126
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Lee YA, Goto Y. The Habenula in the Link Between ADHD and Mood Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:699691. [PMID: 34248519 PMCID: PMC8264146 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.699691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset, neurodevelopmental disorder, whereas major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that typically emerges in adulthood. Accumulating evidence suggests that these seemingly unrelated psychiatric disorders, whose symptoms even appear antithetical [e.g., psychomotor retardation in depression vs. hyperactivity (psychomotor acceleration) in ADHD], are in fact associated with each other. Thus, individuals with ADHD exhibit high comorbidity with MDD later in life. Moreover, genetic studies have shown substantial overlaps of susceptibility genes between ADHD and MDD. Here, we propose a novel and testable hypothesis that the habenula, the epithalamic brain region important for the regulation of monoamine transmission, may be involved in both ADHD and MDD. The hypothesis suggests that an initially hypoactive habenula during childhood in individuals with ADHD may undergo compensatory changes during development, priming the habenula to be hyperactive in response to stress exposure and thereby increasing vulnerability to MDD in adulthood. Moreover, we propose a new perspective on habenular deficits in psychiatric disorders that consider the habenula a neural substrate that could explain multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yukiori Goto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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127
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Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12003. [PMID: 34099766 PMCID: PMC8184740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher's Z = - 2.4, 95% CI [- 0.27. - 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.
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128
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Tang W, Yin L, Sempionatto JR, Moon JM, Teymourian H, Wang J. Touch-Based Stressless Cortisol Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008465. [PMID: 33786887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tracking fluctuations of the cortisol level is important in understanding the body's endocrine response to stress stimuli. Traditional cortisol sensing relies on centralized laboratory settings, while wearable cortisol sensors are limited to slow and complex assays. Here, a touch-based non-invasive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for rapid, simple, and reliable stress-free detection of sweat cortisol is described. The sensor readily measures fingertip sweat cortisol via highly selective binding to the cortisol-imprinted electropolymerized polypyrrole coating. The MIP network is embedded with Prussian blue redox probes that offer direct electrical signaling of the binding event to realize sensitive label-free amperometric detection. Using a highly permeable sweat-wicking porous hydrogel, instantaneously secreted fingertip sweat can be conveniently and rapidly collected without any assistance. By eliminating time lags, such rapid (3.5 min) fingertip assay enables the capture of sharp variations in cortisol levels, compared to previous methods. Such advantages are demonstrated by tracking cortisol response in short cold-pressor tests and throughout day-long circadian rhythm, along with gold-standard immunoassay validation. A stretchable epidermal MIP sensor is also described for directly tracking cortisol in exercise-induced sweat. The rapid touch-based cortisol sensor offers an attractive, accessible, stressless avenue for quantitative stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Juliane R Sempionatto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center of Wearable Sensors, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Banach E, Bilska K, Narozna B, Szczepankiewicz A, Reszka E, Jablonska E, Kapelski P, Skibinska M, Pawlak J. Molecular Regulation of the Melatonin Biosynthesis Pathway in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666541. [PMID: 33981243 PMCID: PMC8107693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone that maintains the circadian rhythms of the body. By regulating the secretion of other hormones and neurotransmitters, it acts as a pleiotropic modulator that affects, for example, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, sleep, and wake systems and mood. Thus, synthetic melatonin has become an essential component in the treatment of depressive disorders. Although we know the pathway of melatonin action in the brain, we lack comprehensive cross-sectional studies on the periphery of depressed patients. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the differences between healthy control subjects (n = 84) and unipolar and bipolar depression patients (n = 94), including an analysis of the melatonin pathway at the level of the genes and serum biomarkers. An innovative approach is a pilot study based on gene expression profiling carried out on clinical and cell culture models using agomelatine and melatonin. We confirmed the melatonin biosynthesis pathway's molecular regulation dysfunctions, with a specific pattern for unipolar and bipolar depression, at the AANAT gene, its polymorphisms (rs8150 and rs3760138), and examined the serum biomarkers (serotonin, AANAT, ASMT, and melatonin). The biological pathway analysis uncovered pathways and genes that were uniquely altered after agomelatine treatment in a clinical model and melatonin treatment in a cell culture model. In both models, we confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin agents in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Banach
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kermorgant M, Ben Salem J, Iacovoni JS, Calise D, Dahan L, Guiard BP, Lopez S, Lairez O, Lasbories A, Nasr N, Pavy Le‐Traon A, Beaudry F, Senard J, Arvanitis DN. Cardiac sensory afferents modulate susceptibility to anxio-depressive behaviour in a mouse model of chronic heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13601. [PMID: 33316126 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Impairments in cerebral structure and cognitive performance in chronic heart failure (CHF) are critical components of its comorbidity spectrum. Autonomic afferents that arise from cardiac sensory fibres show enhanced activity with CHF. Desensitization of these fibres by local application of resiniferatoxin (RTX) during myocardial infarction (MI) is known to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, sympathetic hyperactivity and CHF. Whether these afferents mediate cerebral allostasis is unknown. METHODS CHF was induced by myocardial infarction. To evaluate if cardiac afferents contribute to cerebral allostasis, RTX was acutely applied to the pericardial space in controls (RTX) and in MI treated animals (MI/RTX). Subjects were then evaluated in a series of behavioural tests recapitulating different symptoms of depressive disorders. Proteomics of the frontal cortices (FC) was performed to identify contributing proteins and pathways responsible for behavioural allostasis. RESULTS Desensitization of cardiac afferents relieves hallmarks of an anxio/depressive-like state in mice. Unique protein signatures and regulatory pathways in FCs isolated from each treatment reveal the degree of complexity inherent in the FC response to stresses originating in the heart. While cortices from the combined treatment (MI/RTX) did not retain protein signatures from the individual treatment groups, all three groups suffer dysregulation in circadian entrainment. CONCLUSION CHF is comorbid with an anxio/depressive-like state and ablation of cardiac afferents relieves the despair phenotype. The strikingly different proteomic profiles observed in FCs suggest that MI and RTX lead to unique brain-signalling patterns and that the combined treatment, potentially through destructive interference mechanisms, most closely resembles controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kermorgant
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Jennifer Ben Salem
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ) Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Université de Montréal Saint Hyacinthe QC Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA) Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Jason S. Iacovoni
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Denis Calise
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinCentre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales Service Microchirurgie, (CREFRE‐US06, Rangueil) Toulouse France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
- CNRSUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Bruno P. Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
- CNRSUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sébastien Lopez
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
- CNRSUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Fédération des services de cardiologie Hôpital RangueilUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Lasbories
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Nasr
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Département de Neurologie et Institut des Neurosciences CHU de ToulouseUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Anne Pavy Le‐Traon
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Département de Neurologie et Institut des Neurosciences CHU de ToulouseUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ) Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Université de Montréal Saint Hyacinthe QC Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA) Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Jean‐Michel Senard
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Département de Neurologie et Institut des Neurosciences CHU de ToulouseUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique CHU de ToulouseUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Dina N Arvanitis
- INSERM DR Midi‐Pyrénées LimousinInstitut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) UMR1048Université de Toulouse III Toulouse France
- CNRSUniversité de Toulouse III Toulouse France
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Zhao J, Liu H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Cao T, Lyu D, Huang Q, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Wu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Su Y, Zhang C, Peng D, Li Z, Rong H, Liu T, Xia Y, Hong W, Fang Y. Clinical features of the patients with major depressive disorder co-occurring insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms: a report of NSSD study. Sleep Med 2021; 81:375-381. [PMID: 33813234 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with suicidal ideation and functional impairment. The relationship between sleep disturbances and clinical features and outcomes may not be adequately studied. In this study, we measured the functional impairments and clinical features of co-occurring insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms in Chinese patients with MDD. METHODS A post-hoc analysis was performed on data from the National Survey on Symptomatology of Depression (NSSD), which assessed the MDD patients in 32 hospitals by a clinician-rating questionnaire. The clinical features and outcomes were compared among the following four groups: insomnia symptom only, hypersomnia symptom only, both insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms, no sleep disturbance, respectively. RESULTS Totally, 234 (7.15%) of 3275 participants with MDD co-occurred insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms. They had more depressive symptoms (27.41 ± 9.123), higher rate of suicide ideation (39.7%), more severe impairment in physical (58.1%), economic (32.9%), work (55.1%), and relationship with families (29.5%). Patients with both sleep disturbances were more likely to excessive worry about sleep, have suicidal ideation, the distress of social disharmony, more somatic symptoms, lack of energy, hyperphagia, loss of mood reactivity, and diurnal change, whereas less likely to have anxious mood. LIMITATIONS Sleep disorders were not diagnosed by current standard diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Patients co-occurring with both sleep disturbances are associated with a higher rate of suicide risk and poorer social function. Our study could provide implications for suicidal risk evaluation and the development of therapeutic strategies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Shanghai 200331, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tongdan Cao
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dongbin Lyu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qinte Huang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhenling Wu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuncheng Zhu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yousong Su
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Han Rong
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Boynton-Jarrett R, Sponholtz TR, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Bethea TN, Wise LA. Abuse in Childhood and Risk for Sleep Disruption in Adulthood in the Black Women's Health Study. Sleep Med 2021; 83:260-270. [PMID: 34049046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of early life abuse with sleep disruption risk in adulthood among U.S. Black women. METHODS We analyzed data from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study. In 2005, 29,998 women completed a self-administered questionnaire on early-life experiences of abuse (child and teen) and exposure to danger at any life stage. Participants reported on their sleep quality (snoring and diagnosed sleep apnea) in 2001, whether their "sleep was restless" in 2005, and their average sleep duration in 2009. We used log-binomial regression models to derive risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of child/teen abuse and danger at any life stage with snoring, diagnosis of sleep apnea, restless sleep, and short sleep duration. RESULTS Nearly 50% of participants reported one or more measure of sleep disruption in adulthood. Higher severity of physical abuse was associated with increased risk of sleep disruption and higher severity of sexual abuse was associated with increased risk for most sleep disruptions. The RR comparing child/teen physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse was highest for diagnosed sleep apnea (2.03, 95% CI: 1.70, 2.41). Feeling in danger at any life stage (child, teen, adult, past year) was generally associated with greater increases in risk of sleep disruption among women with a history of early life abuse than among women without such a history. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that abuse as a child and/or teen is related to disrupted sleep in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Todd R Sponholtz
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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133
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Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:79-101. [PMID: 33689801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major mood syndromes are among the most common and disabling mental disorders. However, a lack of clear delineation of their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is a major barrier to prevention and optimised treatments. Dysfunction of the 24-h circadian system is a candidate mechanism that has genetic, behavioural, and neurobiological links to mood syndromes. Here, we outline evidence for a new clinical phenotype, which we have called 'circadian depression'. We propose that key clinical characteristics of circadian depression include disrupted 24-h sleep-wake cycles, reduced motor activity, low subjective energy, and weight gain. The illness course includes early age-of-onset, phenomena suggestive of bipolarity (defined by bidirectional associations between objective motor and subjective energy/mood states), poor response to conventional antidepressant medications, and concurrent cardiometabolic and inflammatory disturbances. Identifying this phenotype could be clinically valuable, as circadian-targeted strategies show promise for reducing depressive symptoms and stabilising illness course. Further investigation of underlying circadian disturbances in mood syndromes is needed to evaluate the clinical utility of this phenotype and guide the optimal use of circadian-targeted interventions.
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134
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Reshetnikov VV, Kisaretova PE, Ershov NI, Merkulova TI, Bondar NP. Social defeat stress in adult mice causes alterations in gene expression, alternative splicing, and the epigenetic landscape of H3K4me3 in the prefrontal cortex: An impact of early-life stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110068. [PMID: 32810572 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is the leading risk factor of a broad range of severe psychopathologies. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms triggering these pathological processes are not well understood. In our study, we investigated the effects of 15-day social defeat stress (SDS) on the genome-wide landscape of trimethylation at the 4th lysine residue of histone H3 (H3K4me3) and on the transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex of mice that were reared normally (group SDS) or subjected to maternal separation early in life (group MS+SDS). The mice with the history of stress early in life showed increased susceptibility to SDS in adulthood and demonstrated long-lasting genome-wide alterations in gene expression and splicing as well as in the H3K4me3 epigenetic landscape in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, the high-throughput techniques applied here allowed us to simultaneously detect, for the first time, genome-wide epigenetic and transcriptional changes in the murine prefrontal cortex that are associated with both chronic SDS and increased susceptibility to this stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - P E Kisaretova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N I Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T I Merkulova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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135
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Primary role for melatonin MT 2 receptors in the regulation of anhedonia and circadian temperature rhythm. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:51-65. [PMID: 33451856 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms disturbance is widely observable in patients with major depression (MD) and is also associated with depression vulnerability. Of them, disturbed melatonin secretion rhythm is particularly relevant to MD and is strongly phase-locked to core body temperature (CBT) rhythm. Here we aim to study the specific role of each melatonin receptor (MT1 and MT2) subtype in melatonin regulation of circadian CBT and its possible relationship with depressive-like behaviors. MT1-/- , MT2-/- and WT (C57BL/6) mice were used. Anhedonia, using the sucrose intake test, circadian CBT, environmental place preference (EPP) conditioning and vulnerability to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) procedure were studied. Moreover, the antidepressant effects of reboxetine (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for three weeks or ketamine (15 mg/kg i.p. every four days, 4 doses in total) were studied. Further, exposure to ultra-mild stress induced by individual housing for several weeks was also studied in these mice. MT2-/- mice showed anhedonia and lower CBT compared to WT and MT1-/-. In addition, while reward exposure raised nocturnal CBT in WT this increase did not take place in MT2-/- mice. Further, MT2-/- mice showed an enhanced vulnerability to stress-induced anhedonia and social avoidance as well as an impaired acquisition of novelty seeking behavior. Both reboxetine and ketamine reverted anhedonia and induced a clear anti-helpless behavior in the tail suspension test (TST). Reboxetine raised CBT in mice and reverted ultra-mild stress-induced anhedonia. Our findings show a primary role for MT2 receptors in the regulation of circadian CBT as well as anhedonia and suggest that these receptors could be involved in depressive disorders associated to disturbed melatonin function.
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136
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Mucci F, Marazziti D, Della Vecchia A, Baroni S, Massimetti G, Morana P, Mangiapane P, Morana F, Carpita B, Morana B, Dell'Osso L. Inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients with mood disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:228-235. [PMID: 32468900 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1775891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing bulk of data underlined that mood disorders show alterations that are not confined to the brain, but involve several other systems. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore metabolic/inflammatory profiles, blood pressure, and BMI in patients affected by bipolar disorders (BDs) to better understand the role of peripheral biomarkers in mood disorders. METHODS Different metabolic/inflammatory parameters and clinical characteristics were evaluated in 97 BD inpatients from Sicily, a southern Italian region, and compared with normative values from the same area. RESULTS No difference was detected between the assessed parameters and the normative values, or between treated and untreated patients. Interestingly, the mean acid uric levels were at the lowest extreme of the normative values, with men showing higher concentrations than women. CONCLUSIONS No metabolic nor inflammatory alterations emerged in BD patients, even if when obese. A possible explanation might be due to their geographical origin, with culinary traditions based on the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, it would be interesting to ascertain whether such a diet might improve the metabolic impairment often associated with mood disorders. Again, the routine assessment of different clinical/chemistry parameters might be helpful to improve the diagnostic stratification and the personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Baroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Carpita
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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137
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Fitzgerald E, Parent C, Kee MZL, Meaney MJ. Maternal Distress and Offspring Neurodevelopment: Challenges and Opportunities for Pre-clinical Research Models. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635304. [PMID: 33643013 PMCID: PMC7907173 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-natal exposure to acute maternal trauma or chronic maternal distress can confer increased risk for psychiatric disorders in later life. Acute maternal trauma is the result of unforeseen environmental or personal catastrophes, while chronic maternal distress is associated with anxiety or depression. Animal studies investigating the effects of pre-natal stress have largely used brief stress exposures during pregnancy to identify critical periods of fetal vulnerability, a paradigm which holds face validity to acute maternal trauma in humans. While understanding these effects is undoubtably important, the literature suggests maternal stress in humans is typically chronic and persistent from pre-conception through gestation. In this review, we provide evidence to this effect and suggest a realignment of current animal models to recapitulate this chronicity. We also consider candidate mediators, moderators and mechanisms of maternal distress, and suggest a wider breadth of research is needed, along with the incorporation of advanced -omics technologies, in order to understand the neurodevelopmental etiology of psychiatric risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carine Parent
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Z. L. Kee
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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138
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Majeed H, Moineddin R, Booth GL. Sea surface temperature variability and ischemic heart disease outcomes among older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3402. [PMID: 33564043 PMCID: PMC7873280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. While extreme summer surface air temperatures are thought to be a risk factor for IHD, it is unclear whether large-scale climate patterns also influence this risk. This multi-national population-based study investigated the association between summer Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability and annual acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or IHD event rates among older adults residing in North America and the United Kingdom. Overall, a shift from cool to warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was associated with reduced AMI admissions in western Canada (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99), where this climate pattern predominatly forces below-normal cloud cover and precipitation during summertime, and increased AMI deaths in western United States (RR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15), where it forces increased cloud cover and precipitation. Whereas, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) during a strong positive phase was associated with reduced AMI admissions in eastern Canada (RR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98) and increased IHD mortality during summer months in the United Kingdom (RR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14). These findings suggest that SST variability can be used to predict changes in cardiovascular event rates in regions that are susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Majeed
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Heath, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Gillian L Booth
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Heath, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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139
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Huber R, Ghosh A. Large cognitive fluctuations surrounding sleep in daily living. iScience 2021; 24:102159. [PMID: 33681725 PMCID: PMC7918275 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive output and physical activity levels fluctuate surrounding sleep. The ubiquitous digitization of behavior via smartphones is a promising avenue for addressing how these fluctuations occur in daily living. Here, we logged smartphone touchscreen interactions to proxy cognitive fluctuations and contrasted these to physical activity patterns logged on wrist-worn actigraphy. We found that both cognitive and physical activities were dominated by diurnal (∼24 h) and infra-radian (∼7 days) rhythms. The proxy measures of cognitive performance—tapping speed, unlocking speed, and app locating speed—contained lower-powered diurnal rhythm than physical activity. The difference between cognitive and physical activity was vivid during bedtime as people continued to interact with their smartphones at physical rest. The cognitive performance measures in this period were worse than those in the hour before or after bedtime. We suggest that the rhythms underlying cognitive activity in the real world are distinct from those underlying physical activity, and this discord may be a hallmark of modern human behavior. Daily and weekly rhythms shape our day-to-day behavior The speed of smartphone interactions fluctuates according to the time of the day These fluctuations do not strictly follow the physical activity cycles The worst performing time on the smartphone is around bedtime
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland & Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arko Ghosh
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden 2333 AK, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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140
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Liu H, Li D, Zhao X, Fang B, Zhang Q, Li T. Longitudinal Impact of Frailty States and Sleep Duration on Subsequent Depressive Symptoms of Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:1003-1011. [PMID: 33533055 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of baseline and changes in frailty states on subsequent depressive symptoms, and whether sleep duration would modify these effects. DESIGN Prospective, cohort study. SETTING The 2011 baseline and 2013 follow-up waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling old adults who were aged 60 or above at baseline and participated in the 2011 and 2013 waves of the CHARLS (N = 5,026). MEASUREMENTS Frailty was measured using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) scale. Levels of depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Using the generalized estimating equations (GEE), the effects of baseline and transitions in frailty states were examined on subsequent depressive symptoms, adjusting for a range of confounding variables. RESULTS Baseline prefrail (b = 0.97, P < .05) and frail states (b = 0.35, P < .05) were associated with higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms 2 years later. Within individuals who were robust at baseline, transitioning into prefrail/frail (b = 3.04, P < .001) was associated with a higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms, and this association was accelerated by short sleep duration. Within individuals who were prefrail at baseline, transitioning into frail (b = 1.76, P < .001) was associated with higher subsequent levels of depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger among those who reported short sleep duration. CONCLUSION Baseline and transitions in frailty states were significantly related with higher subsequent levels of subsequent depressive symptoms. Short sleep duration significantly moderated the effects of baseline or transitions of frailty on subsequent depressive symptoms. Targeted interventions could be implemented to improve sleep quality for prefrail and frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyu Li
- Social Survey and Opinion Research Centre, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boye Fang
- School of Sociology & Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Social Survey and Opinion Research Centre, Central South University, Changsha, China
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141
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Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Pírela D, Ortega Á, Salazar J, Cano C, Chacín M, Riaño M, Batista MJ, Díaz EA, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Chronobiology and Chronotherapy in Depression: Current Knowledge and Chronotherapeutic Promises. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082216999201124152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Depression is a heavily prevalent mental disorder. Symptoms of depression
extend beyond mood, cognition, and behavior to include a spectrum of somatic manifestations in all
organic systems. Changes in sleep and neuroendocrine rhythms are especially prominent, and disruptions
of circadian rhythms have been closely related to the neurobiology of depression. With the
advent of increased research in chronobiology, various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been
proposed, including anomalies of sleep architecture, the effects of clock gene polymorphisms in
monoamine metabolism, and the deleterious impact of social zeitgebers. The identification of these
chronodisruptions has propelled the emergence of several chronotherapeutic strategies, both pharmacological
and non-pharmacological, with varying degrees of clinical evidence.
Methods:
The fundamental objective of this review is to integrate current knowledge about the role
of chronobiology and depression and to summarize the interventions developed to resynchronize
biorhythms both within an individual and with geophysical time.
Results:
We have found that among the non-pharmacological alternatives, triple chronotherapywhich
encompasses bright light therapy, sleep deprivation therapy, and consecutive sleep phase
advance therapy-has garnered the most considerable scientific interest. On the other hand,
agomelatine appears to be the most promising pharmacological option, given its unique melatonergic
pharmacodynamics.
Conclusions:
Research in chronotherapy as a treatment for depression is currently booming. Novel
interventions could play a significant role in adopting new options for the treatment of depression,
with Tripe Cronotherapy standing out as the most promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pírela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Riaño
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - María Judith Batista
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Alexis Díaz
- Universidad Simon Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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142
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Wang Y, Ren X, Liu X, Zhu T. Examining the Correlation Between Depression and Social Behavior on Smartphones Through Usage Metadata: Empirical Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e19046. [PMID: 33404512 PMCID: PMC7817363 DOI: 10.2196/19046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As smartphone has been widely used, understanding how depression correlates with social behavior on smartphones can be beneficial for early diagnosis of depression. An enormous amount of research relied on self-report questionnaires, which is not objective. Only recently the increased availability of rich data about human behavior in digital space has provided new perspectives for the investigation of individual differences. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore depressed Chinese individuals' social behavior in digital space through metadata collected via smartphones. METHODS A total of 120 participants were recruited to carry a smartphone with a metadata collection app (MobileSens). At the end of metadata collection, they were instructed to complete the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). We then separated participants into nondepressed and depressed groups based on their scores on CES-D. From the metadata of smartphone usage, we extracted 44 features, including traditional social behaviors such as making calls and sending SMS text messages, and the usage of social apps (eg, WeChat and Sina Weibo, 2 popular social apps in China). The 2-way ANOVA (nondepressed vs depressed × male vs female) and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted to investigate differences in social behaviors on smartphones among users. RESULTS The results found depressed users received less calls from contacts (all day: F1,116=3.995, P=.048, η2=0.033; afternoon: F1,116=5.278, P=.02, η2=0.044), and used social apps more frequently (all day: F1,116=6.801, P=.01, η2=0.055; evening: F1,116=6.902, P=.01, η2=0.056) than nondepressed ones. In the depressed group, females used Weibo more frequently than males (all day: F1,116=11.744, P=.001, η2=0.092; morning: F1,116=9.105, P=.003, η2=0.073; afternoon: F1,116=14.224, P<.001, η2=0.109; evening: F1,116=9.052, P=.003, η2=0.072). Moreover, usage of social apps in the evening emerged as a predictor of depressive symptoms for all participants (odds ratio [OR] 1.007, 95% CI 1.001-1.013; P=.02) and male (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.003-1.022; P=.01), and usage of Weibo in the morning emerged as a predictor for female (OR 1.183, 95% CI 1.015-1.378; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS This paper finds that there exists a certain correlation between depression and social behavior on smartphones. The result may be useful to improve social interaction for depressed individuals in the daily lives and may be insightful for early diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- College of Foreign Languages, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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143
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Bais B, Hoogendijk WJG, Lambregtse-van den Berg MP. Light therapy for mood disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 182:49-61. [PMID: 34266611 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, light therapy for mood disorders is discussed, including mood disorders during and after pregnancy. In the introduction, we discuss the symptomatology, etiology, and treatment of a specific type of mood disorder, seasonal affective disorder, since it kick-started the first clinical trials with light therapy. Second, we elaborate on the pathophysiology of mood disorders, in particular in the peripartum period. Next, we present an overview of the proposed working mechanisms of light therapy, followed by a discussion of the clinical trials that have followed after the initial research in seasonal affective disorder. Finally, we also focus on the limitations of these trials, such as considerable heterogeneity among studies and many methodological shortcomings. This is complemented by a number of suggestions for future research. Further studies are needed, which stems from the fact that the results have not always been consistent. Despite this, light therapy may be a promising treatment option for various types of mood disorders, since it shows a significant reduction in symptoms in many patients with few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Bais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J G Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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144
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Krystal AD, Mittoux A, Lindsten A, Baker RA. Chronobiologic parameter changes in patients with major depressive disorder and sleep disturbance treated with adjunctive brexpiprazole: An open-label, flexible-dose, exploratory substudy. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:288-295. [PMID: 32979560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm disturbances have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Among these is an increased phase angle between peak cortisol concentration and dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in chronobiologic parameters of sleep in patients with MDD receiving adjunctive brexpiprazole. METHODS This was an interventional, multicenter, open-label, flexible-dose, exploratory study in patients with MDD and inadequate response to antidepressant treatment who were experiencing sleep disturbances. Patients received adjunctive brexpiprazole 2-3 mg/day for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included cortisol and melatonin levels, used to calculate phase angle, and the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). RESULTS The mean (standard error) phase angle between peak cortisol and DLMO increased by 108 (61) minutes from baseline to Week 8 (n = 9). BRIAN Total score changed (improved) by -14.6 (4.6) points from baseline to Week 8 (n = 9). Change in phase angle and BRIAN Total score showed a moderate-to-high correlation (Pearson coefficient: 0.68; 95% confidence limits: 0.04, 0.93; p = 0.040). LIMITATIONS This study is limited by its small sample size, and its single-arm, open-label design. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide a preliminary indication that the phase angle between peak cortisol and DLMO is of interest as a potential biomarker for depression and therapeutic response. Adjunctive brexpiprazole may represent a strategy for correcting circadian dysfunction in patients with MDD and inadequate response to antidepressant treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01942733.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Krystal
- Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States; University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | | | | | - Ross A Baker
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
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145
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Basil RC, Brown TT, Haberlen S, Rubin LH, Plankey M, Becker JT, Lake JE, Palella FJ, Sarkar S. The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms in men with or at risk of HIV infection. HIV Med 2021; 22:37-46. [PMID: 32975014 PMCID: PMC8211402 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of comorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms in men living with HIV (MLWH) with that in men without HIV infection and to determine associations between glycaemic control and depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants included 920 MLWH and 840 men without HIV infection from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with available data regarding glycaemic status [categorized as normal for fasting blood glucose (FBG) < 100 mg/dL, prediabetes for FBG 100-125 mg/dL, and diabetes, defined by self-report, diabetes medication use or FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL on at least two consecutive visits, with diabetes classified as controlled if Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) < 7.5% and uncontrolled if HbA1C ≥ 7.5%]. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score, with CES-D ≥ 16 scores classified as elevated depressive symptoms. A modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was used and adjusted for covariates including HIV serostatus. RESULTS Compared to men without HIV infection, MLWH had a higher mean CES-D score, but a similar prevalence of diabetes (11.3% versus 12.8%, respectively; P = 0.33). The concomitant prevalence of diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms did not differ by HIV serostatus (P = 0.215). In an adjusted analysis, men with uncontrolled diabetes had a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to men with normoglycaemia (prevalence ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.84). The association between glycaemic status and depressive symptoms did not differ by HIV serostatus (P = 0.22 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Both controlled and uncontrolled diabetes were independently associated with a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms, regardless of HIV serostatus. These results highlight the importance of identifying depression in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank J. Palella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Meng Y, Tao Z, Zhou S, Da W, Tao L. Research Hot Spots and Trends on Melatonin From 2000 to 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:753923. [PMID: 34917024 PMCID: PMC8669723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on melatonin remains one of the major hot spots in the field of disease treatment, but relevant data are numerous. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the progress of melatonin research through the method of bibliometrics and to predict hot spots and trends in melatonin research. This study retrieved all the studies on melatonin from 2000 to 2019 in the Web of Science and PubMed and analysed the publishing trends in the literature on a bibliometric online analysis platform and CiteSpace software. The research results were also visually analysed to summarize melatonin research hot spots through gCLUTO and pubMR. The study retrieved a total of 20,351 publications, of which the number of US publications ranked first, accounting for 21.46%, with the greatest impact (centrality = 0.31). The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and Harvard University had the highest average number of citations at 43.19 and 33.96, respectively. Journal of Pineal Research had the highest average number of citations in 2,993 journals. Professor Reiter made the largest contribution to this area. We further analysed 100 highly cited articles for clinical applications and ongoing related clinical drug trials based on the first hot spot. We systematically analysed melatonin for nearly 20 years while predicting the main research trends in the future, which may provide new directions and ideas for melatonin research. The structure and normal physiological functions of melatonin have been intensively studied in the past few years. And clinical application research and target of melatonin treatment for different diseases and target-based drug design will certainly become the focus of melatonin research.
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147
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Walker WH, Walton JC, Nelson RJ. Disrupted circadian rhythms and mental health. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:259-270. [PMID: 34225967 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the evolution of life, the temporal rhythm of our rotating planet was internalized in the form of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are ~24h internal manifestations that drive daily patterns of physiology and behavior. These rhythms are entrained (synchronized) to the external environment, primarily by the light-dark cycle, and precisely controlled via molecular clocks located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Misalignment and/or disruption of circadian rhythms can have detrimental consequences for human health. Indeed, studies suggest strong associations between mental health and circadian rhythms. However, direct interactions between mood regulation and the circadian system are just beginning to be uncovered and appreciated. This chapter examines the relationship between disruption of circadian rhythms and mental health. The primary focus will be outlining the association between circadian disruption, in the form of night shift work, exposure to light at night, jet lag, and social jet lag, and psychiatric illness (i.e., anxiety, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Additionally, we review animal models of disrupted circadian rhythms, which provide further evidence in support of a strong association between circadian disruption and affective responses. Finally, we discuss future directions for the field and suggest areas of study that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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148
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El Bitar F, Al Sudairy N, Qadi N, Al Rajeh S, Alghamdi F, Al Amari H, Al Dawsari G, Alsubaie S, Al Sudairi M, Abdulaziz S, Al Tassan N. A Comprehensive Analysis of Unique and Recurrent Copy Number Variations in Alzheimer's Disease and its Related Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:926-938. [PMID: 33256577 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201130111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the genetic etiology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) were shown to have share mechanisms and signaling pathways with AD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess CNVs regions that may harbor genes contributing to AD, T2DM, and MDD in 67 Saudi familial and sporadic AD patients, with no alterations in the known genes of AD and genotyped previously for APOE. METHODS DNA was analyzed using the CytoScan-HD array. Two layers of filtering criteria were applied. All the identified CNVs were checked in the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV). RESULTS A total of 1086 CNVs (565 gains and 521 losses) were identified in our study. We found 73 CNVs harboring genes that may be associated with AD, T2DM or MDD. Nineteen CNVs were novel. Most importantly, 42 CNVs were unique in our studied cohort existing only in one patient. Two large gains on chromosomes 1 and 13 harbored genes implicated in the studied disorders. We identified CNVs in genes that encode proteins involved in the metabolism of amyloid-β peptide (AGRN, APBA2, CR1, CR2, IGF2R, KIAA0125, MBP, RER1, RTN4R, VDR and WISPI) or Tau proteins (CACNAIC, CELF2, DUSP22, HTRA1 and SLC2A14). CONCLUSION The present work provided information on the presence of CNVs related to AD, T2DM, and MDD in Saudi Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia El Bitar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Al Sudairy
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Qadi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah Alghamdi
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Al Amari
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Al Dawsari
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Genomics Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alsubaie
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mishael Al Sudairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abdulaziz
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Minaeva O, Riese H, Lamers F, Antypa N, Wichers M, Booij SH. Screening for Depression in Daily Life: Development and External Validation of a Prediction Model Based on Actigraphy and Experience Sampling Method. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22634. [PMID: 33258783 PMCID: PMC7894744 DOI: 10.2196/22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, depressed individuals often first visit primary care settings for consultation, but a considerable number of clinically depressed patients remain unidentified. Introducing additional screening tools may facilitate the diagnostic process. Objective This study aimed to examine whether experience sampling method (ESM)-based measures of depressive affect and behaviors can discriminate depressed from nondepressed individuals. In addition, the added value of actigraphy-based measures was examined. Methods We used data from 2 samples to develop and validate prediction models. The development data set included 14 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=43) and nondepressed individuals (n=82). The validation data set included 30 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=27) and nondepressed individuals (n=27). Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied to build the prediction models. Performance of the models was assessed with goodness-of-fit indices, calibration curves, and discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]). Results In the development data set, the discriminative ability was good for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.790) and excellent for both the ESM (AUC=0.991) and the combined-domains model (AUC=0.993). In the validation data set, the discriminative ability was reasonable for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.648) and excellent for both the ESM (AUC=0.891) and the combined-domains model (AUC=0.892). Conclusions ESM is a good diagnostic predictor and is easy to calculate, and it therefore holds promise for implementation in clinical practice. Actigraphy shows no added value to ESM as a diagnostic predictor but might still be useful when ESM use is restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Minaeva
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne H Booij
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Lentis, Groningen, Netherlands
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150
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Agorastos A, Olff M. Traumatic stress and the circadian system: neurobiology, timing and treatment of posttraumatic chronodisruption. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1833644. [PMID: 33408808 PMCID: PMC7747941 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1833644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans have an evolutionary need for a well-preserved internal 'clock', adjusted to the 24-hour rotation period of our planet. This intrinsic circadian timing system enables the temporal organization of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behaviour. The human circadian system is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the human stress system, as both systems regulate each other's activity along the anticipated diurnal challenges. The understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical in the molecular pathophysiology of stress-and trauma-related diseases, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives/Methods: In this narrative review, we present the functional components of the stress and circadian system and their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can affect the harmonious interplay between the two systems. Results: Circadian dysregulation after trauma exposure (posttraumatic chronodisruption) may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of traumatic stress through a loss of the temporal order at different organizational levels. Posttraumatic chronodisruption may, thus, affect fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. Given that many traumatic events occur in the late evening or night hours, we also describe how the time of day of trauma exposure can differentially affect the stress system and, finally, discuss potential chronotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding the stress-related mechanisms susceptible to chronodisruption and their role in PTSD could deliver new insights into stress pathophysiology, provide better psychochronobiological treatment alternatives and enhance preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
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