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Ke D, Hong Y, Jiang X, Sun X. Clinical Features and Vitreous Biomarkers of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1293-1303. [PMID: 35502410 PMCID: PMC9056107 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s362074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical features and vitreous biomarkers of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) between patients with early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study analyzed the clinical data of 74 patients with PDR who underwent vitrectomy. The patients were divided into the early-onset (T2DM diagnosis age ≤ 40 years, n = 39) and late-onset (T2DM diagnosis age > 40 years, n = 35) groups. Thirty-six specimens were collected, and the liquid chip technology was used to detect the content of 27 types of cytokines in the vitreous. Differences in clinical features and cytokine levels between the two groups were evaluated. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Compared with the late-onset group, the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and total cholesterol were significantly higher in the early-onset group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Patients with early-onset T2DM PDR had worse visual prognoses and a higher rate of postoperative recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. The results of cytokine detection showed that the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, interferon-inducible 10 kDa, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β in the early-onset group were significantly higher than those in the late-onset group (p < 0.0026). Age at diabetes diagnosis and HbA1c, IL-4, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted levels were independent risk factors for visual acuity after undergoing vitrectomy. CONCLUSION Early-onset T2DM PDR patients had poor blood glucose and lipid metabolism, higher levels of inflammatory factors, and worse visual prognosis. Stricter metabolic management and earlier anti-inflammatory interventions may be required for patients with early-onset T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- DanDan Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YiYi Hong
- Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - XinNan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - XuFang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: XuFang Sun, Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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102
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He S, Gu C, Su T, Qiu Q. Research Progress of circRNAs in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy: An Emerging Star with Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:165-178. [PMID: 34963381 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1995002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We summarized the existing studies to elaborate the biogenesis and function of circRNAs, the effect of aberrant circRNAs expression in the mechanism of inflammation and diabetic retinopathy (DR) respectively and further explored the vital roles of circRNAs in inflammation involved in DR. Methods: We conducted a systematical literature search of abundant electronic databases (PubMed, GeneMedical and MEDLINE) up to August 2021. Results: In this review, we exhibited the biogenesis and function of circRNAs and highlighted the components of inflammatory mediators implicated in DR. Numerous circRNAs, such as circHIPK3, circZNF609, circRNA_0084043, circ_0002570, circ_0041795, circEhmt1 and circ-ITCH were discovered to play vital roles in inflammation involved in DR, which provided new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of DR. Moreover, we proposed not only the epigenetic functions of circRNAs but also novel forms of the inflammatory response, including pyroptosis, to inspire further exploration and creative research in this field. Conclusion: CircRNAs were implicated in the progression and development of inflammation in DR via aberrant expression and modulation of gene expression, serving as an emerging star with potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Xizang, PR China
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103
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Xu M, Jiang Y, Su L, Chen X, Shao X, Ea V, Shang Z, Zhang X, Barnstable CJ, Li X, Tombran-Tink J. Novel Regulators of Retina Neovascularization: A Proteomics Approach. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:101-117. [PMID: 34919406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify proteins that regulate vascular remodeling in an ROP mouse model. Pups were subjected to fluctuating oxygen levels and retinas sampled during vessel regression (PN12) or neovascularization (PN17) for comparative SWATH-MS proteomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We developed a human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) ROP correlate to validate the expression of retina neovascular-specific markers. A total of 5191 proteins were identified in OIR retinas with 498 significantly regulated in elevated oxygen and 345 after a return to normoxia. A total of 122 proteins were uniquely regulated during vessel regression and 69 during neovascularization (FC ≥ 1.5; p ≤ 0.05), with several validated by western blot analyses. Expressions of 56/69 neovascular-specific proteins were confirmed in hypoxic HRECs with 23 regulated in the same direction as OIR neovascular retinas. These proteins control angiogenesis-related processes including matrix remodeling, cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. RNAi and transfection overexpression studies confirmed that VASP and ECH1, showing the highest levels in hypoxic HRECs, promoted human umbilical vein (HUVEC) and HREC cell proliferation, while SNX1 and CD109, showing the lowest levels, inhibited their proliferation. These proteins are potential biomarkers and exploitable intervention tools for vascular-related disorders. The proteomics data set generated has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange/iProX Consortium with the Identifier:PXD029208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yilin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lin Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Vicki Ea
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhenying Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, United States
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, United States
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104
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Zhang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Niu S, Chu M, Zhang Z. Angiogenesis is Inhibited by Arsenic Trioxide Through Downregulation of the CircHIPK3/miR-149-5p/FOXO1/VEGF Functional Module in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751667. [PMID: 34776969 PMCID: PMC8579003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arsenic trioxide (ATO, As2O3) has been reported to inhibit synovial angiogenesis via the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-centered functional module. However, the exact mechanisms of ATO on VEGF modulation remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in RA, and the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we reported a circRNA (circHIPK3), the expression of which was significantly increased in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) after TNF-α induction. Moreover, VEGF content in the supernatants of a RA-FLS and human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC) co-culture as well as in RA-FLS co-cultured was significantly elevated in accordance with circHIPK3 levels. This increased VEGF expression may significantly upregulate endothelial tube formation and transwell migration, as well as microvessel sprouting in the ex vivo aortic ring assay. CircHIPK3 was further illustrated to be a sponge for the forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1)-targeting miR-149-5p, leading to the changing expression of the downstream VEGF. These networked factors mainly form a functional module regulating angiogenesis in RA-FLS, and the expression of this functional module could be significantly downregulated by ATO with a consistently reduced vascularity in vitro. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model, an intra-articular injection of the adeno-associated virus-si-circHIPK3 or ATO was demonstrated to alleviate the synovial VEGF expression and arthritis severity respectively. Thus, we elucidate a previously unknown mechanism between circRNAs and RA, and ATO has a significant protective effect on RA-FLS and CIA synovium via its inhibition of the angiogenic functional module of circHIPK3/miR-149-5p/FOXO1/VEGF, suggesting great potential for the combination therapy of ATO with circHIPK3 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yeye Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maolin Chu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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105
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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes angiogenesis by alleviating AGEs-induced autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109041. [PMID: 34560065 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces abnormal angiogenesis and results in multiple chronic vascular complications. Previous studies showed that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) up-regulated in diabetic patients and induced a series of cellular effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), a hormonal form of vitamin D, proved to be beneficial for vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of 1,25D in angiogenesis in DM remains unclear. Using CCK8 assay and transwell assay, we found that 1,25D could partly ameliorate impaired proliferation and migration ability of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by AGEs (200 μg/mL). Furthermore, tube formation assay, Western blot, and real-time qPCR assay were conducted to demonstrate that AGEs impaired angiogenetic ability, and that angiogenesis-related gene expression (i.e., VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, TGFβ1, MMP2, MMP9) in ECs and 1,25D could promote angiogenesis and angiogenetic markers expression. By using DCFH-DA, ELISA, and Western blot assay, we also found that AGEs-induced oxidative stress impaired angiogenic ability of ECs, and 1,25D alleviated angiogenesis dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress. Of note, AGEs-induced excessive autophagy was found to impair angiogenesis. We elucidated that the detrimental autophagy is modulated by 1,25D and AGEs via PI3K/Akt pathway. Observed together, our findings illustrated that AGEs-induced oxidative stress and autophagy resulted in angiogenic disorder and 1,25D improved angiogenesis by restraining excessive autophagy and oxidative stress, providing a novel insight for the treatment of vascular complications in DM.
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106
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Uncovering the anti-angiogenic effect of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im on HUVECs by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105034. [PMID: 34802714 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenic activity of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using re-analysis of cDNA microarray data of CDDO-Im-treated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) (GSE71622), functional annotation of revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analysis of their co-expression, the key processes induced by CDDO-Im in HUVECs were identified. Venn diagram analysis was further performed to reveal the common DEGs, i.e. genes both susceptible to CDDO-Im and involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. A list of probable protein targets of CDDO-Im was prepared based on Connectivity Map/cheminformatics analysis and chemical proteomics data, among which the proteins that were most associated with the angiogenesis-related regulome were identified. Finally, identified targets were validated by molecular docking and text mining approaches. KEY FINDINGS The effect of CDDO-Im in HUVECs can be divided into two main phases: the short early phase (0.5-3 h) with an acute FOXD1/CEBPA/JUNB-regulated pro-angiogenic response induced by xenobiotic stress, and the second anti-angiogenic step (6-24 h) with massive suppression of various angiogenesis-related processes, accompanied by the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms. Our analysis showed that the anti-angiogenic activity of CDDO-Im is mediated by its inhibition of the expression of PLAT, ETS1, A2M, SPAG9, RASGRP3, FBXO32, GCNT1 and HDGFRP3 and its direct interactions with EGFR, mTOR, NOS2, HSP90AA1, MDM2, SYK, IRF3, ATR and KIF14. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the anti-angiogenic activity of cyano enone-bearing triterpenoids and revealed a range of novel promising therapeutic targets to control pathological neovascularization.
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107
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Shao J, Wan J, Zhang F, Zhang L. Construction of Hyaluronic Acid-CeO₂ Conjugated Composite Nanoparticles and Their Activity Efficiency in Diabetic Retinopathy Alleviation. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2219-2225. [PMID: 34906282 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed an effective nanoparticle-biomaterial in alleviating diabetic retinopathy (DR), hyaluronic acid (HA)-CeO₂, composed mainly of CeO₂ and HA. To demonstrate its anti-DR capacity, retinal cells from a B6/J mouse model were used to compare the efficiency of PEI-CeO₂ and HA-CeO₂. We investigated the transport performance, histolysis, immune cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and hyperemia induced by the transport system. The structural integrity, microvascular apoptosis, and superoxide and peroxide concentrations in the retina were measured to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CeO₂. The infiltration efficiency of HA-CeO₂ was higher than that of PEI-CeO₂. Lower levels of foreign body reaction were evident for HA-CeO₂ with less histolysis, immune cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and hyperemia. The clinical efficacy of HA-CeO₂ in terms of preservation of retinal structure and lowering of microvascular apoptosis and superoxide and peroxide concentrations was superior to those of PEI-CP. HA-CeO₂ was shown to have significant antioxidation and anti-vascular injury capacity in a mouse model, and may be a potential compound nanodrug for DR treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
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108
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Meng C, Gu C, He S, Su T, Lhamo T, Draga D, Qiu Q. Pyroptosis in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit: New Insights Into Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763092. [PMID: 34737754 PMCID: PMC8560732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is prevalent among people with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) and remains the leading cause of visual impairment in working-aged people. DR is related to chronic low-level inflammatory reactions. Pyroptosis is an emerging type of inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD), NOD-like receptors and inflammatory caspases that promote interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 release. In addition, the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is the functional basis of the retina. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis may participate in the destruction of retinal NVU cells in simulated hyperglycemic DR environments. In this review, we will clarify the importance of pyroptosis in the retinal NVU during the development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunren Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Thashi Lhamo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People’s Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Deji Draga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People’s Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People’s Hospital, Shigatse, China
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109
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Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 for Neovascular Eye Diseases: From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910279. [PMID: 34638620 PMCID: PMC8508814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other eye diseases are characterized by retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization, ultimately causing vision loss in millions of people worldwide. nvAMD and PDR are associated with aging and the number of those affected is expected to increase as the global median age and life expectancy continue to rise. With this increase in prevalence, the development of novel, orally bioavailable therapies for neovascular eye diseases that target multiple pathways is critical, since current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, delivered by intravitreal injection, are accompanied with tachyphylaxis, a high treatment burden and risk of complications. One potential target is apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). The multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 may be targeted via inhibitors of its redox-regulating transcription factor activation activity to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell cycle in neovascular eye disease; these inhibitors also have neuroprotective effects in other tissues. An APE1/Ref-1 small molecule inhibitor is already in clinical trials for cancer, PDR and diabetic macular edema. Efforts to develop further inhibitors are underway. APE1/Ref-1 is a novel candidate for therapeutically targeting neovascular eye diseases and alleviating the burden associated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections.
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110
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Liu L, Ni YQ, Zhan JK, Liu YS. The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1323-1336. [PMID: 34341711 PMCID: PMC8279525 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is defined as organic and functional changes in blood vessels, in which decline in autophagy levels, DNA damage, MicroRNA (miRNA), oxidative stress, sirtuin, and apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1) are integral thereto. With regard to vascular morphology, the increase in arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification and high amyloid beta levels are closely related to vascular aging. Further closely related thereto, at the cellular level, is the aging of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Vascular aging seriously affects the health, economy and life of patients, but can be delayed by SGLT2 inhibitors through the improvement of vascular function. In the present article, a review is conducted of recent domestic and international progress in research on SGLT2 inhibitors,vascular aging and diseases related thereto, thereby providing theoretical support and guidance for further revealing the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and diseases related to vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jun-Kun Zhan
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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111
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Li BY, Tan W, Zou JL, He Y, Yoshida S, Jiang B, Zhou YD. Role of interferons in diabetic retinopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:939-953. [PMID: 34326947 PMCID: PMC8311473 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in developed regions. Aside from abnormal angiogenesis, inflammation is the most specific and might be the initiating factor of DR. As a key participant in inflammation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can be detected in different parts of the eye and is responsible for the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and activation of inflammatory cells and other cytokines, which accelerate neovascularization and neuroglial degeneration. In addition, IFN-γ is involved in other vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and angiogenesis-dependent diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cerebral microbleeds, and age-related macular degeneration. Traditional treatments, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, vitrectomy, and laser photocoagulation therapy, are more effective for angiogenesis and not tolerable for every patient. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring effective drugs that target inflammation. For instance, IFN-α acts against viruses and angiogenesis and is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, IFN-α has been shown to contribute to alleviating the progression of DR and other ocular diseases. In this review, we emphasize the roles that IFNs play in the pathogenesis of DR and discuss potential clinical applications of IFNs in DR, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Ling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ye-Di Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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112
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Lin HB, Lin YH, Zhang JY, Guo WJ, Ovcjak A, You ZJ, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Li FX, Zhang HF. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Potential Target in Isoflurane Pretreatment Alleviates Stroke-Induced Retinal Injury in Diabetes. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:697449. [PMID: 34305534 PMCID: PMC8295463 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.697449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains a devastating disease which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Visual impairment after stroke is a common complication which may lead to vision loss, greatly impacting life quality of patients. While ischemic stroke is traditionally characterized by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, this may coincide with reduced blood flow to the eye, resulting in retinal ischemia and leading to visual impairment. Diabetes increases the risk of ischemic stroke and induces diabetic retinopathy; the latter may be more sensitive to the ischemic retinal injury. In diabetic status, the underlying mechanism in stroke-induced retinal injury has not been fully clarified. The NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important activator of inflammation, which may play a critical role in catalyzing and forming certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in both cerebral and retinal ischemia. Isoflurane has been demonstrated to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and show neuroprotective effects. In this study, we established a diabetic mouse model and performed the middle cerebral artery occlusion procedure to induce ischemic stroke. Our results revealed that cerebral ischemia-induced retinal injury in the diabetic model. Isoflurane pretreatment alleviated the cerebral and retinal injury after ischemic stroke. Of note, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the retina, indicating that isoflurane pretreatment may provide substantial retinal protection in stroke-induced retinal injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrea Ovcjak
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhi-Jian You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, The Affiliated Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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113
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Marzo T, La Mendola D. The Effects on Angiogenesis of Relevant Inorganic Chemotherapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:73-86. [PMID: 33243124 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201126163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process allowing the formation of blood vessels. It is crucial for all the tissues and organs, ensuring their function and growth. Angiogenesis is finely controlled by several mechanisms involving complex interactions between pro- or antiangiogenic factors, and an imbalance in this control chain may result in pathological conditions. Metals as copper, zinc and iron cover an essential role in regulating angiogenesis, thus therapies having physiological metals as target have been proposed. In addition, some complexes of heavier metal ions (e.g., Pt, Au, Ru) are currently used as established or experimental anticancer agents targeting genomic or non-genomic targets. These molecules may affect the angiogenic mechanisms determining different effects that have been only poorly and non-systematically investigated so far. Accordingly, in this review article, we aim to recapitulate the impact on the angiogenic process of some reference anticancer drugs, and how it is connected to the overall pharmacological effects. In addition, we highlight how the activity of these drugs can be related to the role of biological essential metal ions. Overall, this may allow a deeper description and understanding of the antineoplastic activity of both approved or experimental metal complexes, providing important insights for the synthesis of new inorganic drugs able to overcome resistance and recurrence phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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114
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Liu Y, Chen D, Smith A, Ye Q, Gao Y, Zhang W. Three-dimensional remodeling of functional cerebrovascular architecture and gliovascular unit in leptin receptor-deficient mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1547-1562. [PMID: 33818188 PMCID: PMC8221780 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211006596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrovascular sequelae of diabetes render victims more susceptible to ischemic stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. However, limited knowledge exists on the progressive changes in cerebrovascular structure and functional remodeling in type 2 diabetes. To ascertain the impact of diabetes on whole-brain cerebrovascular perfusion, leptin-receptor-deficient mice were transcardially injected with tomato-lectin before sacrifice. The whole brain was clarified by the Fast free-of-acrylamide clearing tissue technique. Functional vascular anatomy of the cerebrum was visualized by light-sheet microscopy, followed by analysis in Imaris software. We observed enhanced neovascularization in adult db/db mice, characterized by increased branch level and loop structures. Microvascular hypoperfusion was initially detected in juvenile db/db mice, suggesting early onset of insufficient microcirculation. Furthermore, gliovascular unit remodeling was verified by loss of pericytes and overactivation of microglia and astrocytes in adult diabetic mice. However, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was fundamentally preserved, as shown by a lack of extravasation of IgG into the brain parenchyma. In summary, we, for the first time, reveal that functional cerebrovascular remodeling occurs as early as four weeks in db/db mice and the deficit in gliovascular coupling may play a role in cerebral hypoperfusion before BBB breakdown in 16-week-old db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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115
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Quevedo-Martínez JU, Garfias Y, Jimenez J, Garcia O, Venegas D, Bautista de Lucio VM. Pro-inflammatory cytokine profile is present in the serum of Mexican patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy secondary to type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000717. [PMID: 34263060 PMCID: PMC8246380 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim It’s been reported that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR); this may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of this study is to measure the concentration of various inflammatory cytokines from the main CD4+ T helper inflammatory responses in blood serum from Mexican patients with DR in different stages using cytometric bead array (CBA) technology and correlate them with the presence and severity of DR in order to find possible DR biomarkers that serve as diagnostic or therapeutic predictors. Methods 64 subjects were included in the study, 16 in the control group, 16 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus no DR (NDR) group, 16 in the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and 16 in the proliferative DR (PDR) group. Cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL) 1ß, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐17A, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma in serum samples were measured using Human Inflammatory and TH1/TH2/TH17 CBA Kit. Results IL-6, IL-12, IL-17a and TNFα were significantly higher in the patients with DR compared with the control group. The PDR group showed a slightly lower concentration of serum cytokines IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17a. TNFα showed a higher concentration compared with healthy controls, NDR and NPDR subjects. We also found a positive statistical correlation between the presence and severity of DR with the clinical parameters haemoglobin A1c, body mass index and serum creatinine and the concentration of serum cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients with diabetes and DR have a stronger chronic inflammatory profile compared with non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM. Av. Universidad 3000, 04510. Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Jimenez
- Affective Disorders, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muniz Centro de Documentacion e Informacion en Psiquiatria y Salud Mental, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Garcia
- Econometrics and Operation Research, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Mexico
| | - Diana Venegas
- Research Unit, Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics Department, Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Bautista de Lucio
- Research Unit, Microbiology and Ocular Proteomics Department, Instituto de Oftalmologia Fundacion Conde de Valenciana IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
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116
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Wan W, Long Y, Jin X, Li Q, Wan W, Liu H, Zhu Y. Protective Role of microRNA-200a in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Downregulation of PDLIM1. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2411-2424. [PMID: 34113148 PMCID: PMC8187036 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s303540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a most common microvascular complication and regarded as the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. The involvement of miR-200a in various disorders has become recognized, and the objective of this study was to identify the protective effect of miR-200a in the development of DR. Methods The contents of miR-200a and its potential target gene, PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1), were detected in both in-vivo and in-vitro DR models. Retinal leakage and inflammatory factor concentrations were detected after vitreous injections of miR-200a/PDLIM1 vectors in mice. The cellular viability, apoptosis and cellular migration were investigated using trypan blue staining, flow cytometry and transwell assay with human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Besides, the prediction and confirmation of miR-200a targeting PDLIM1 were conducted with bioinformation analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results Lower miR-200a and higher PDLIM1 levels were detected in both in-vivo and in-vitro DR models. Besides, it was found that miR-200a treatment would significantly inhibit retinal permeability and inflammatory factors. Through targeting PDLIM1, it was found that miR-200a could improve cellular viability, remit apoptotic status and reduce cellular migration significantly in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that miR-200a could be used as a potential therapy target through down-regulating PDLIM1 in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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117
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Götz P, Braumandl A, Kübler M, Kumaraswami K, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Lasch M, Deindl E. C3 Deficiency Leads to Increased Angiogenesis and Elevated Pro-Angiogenic Leukocyte Recruitment in Ischemic Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5800. [PMID: 34071589 PMCID: PMC8198161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a potent inflammatory trigger, activator, and chemoattractant for leukocytes, which play a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis. However, little information is available about the influence of the complement system on angiogenesis in ischemic muscle tissue. To address this topic and analyze the impact of the complement system on angiogenesis, we induced muscle ischemia in complement factor C3 deficient (C3-/-) and wildtype control mice by femoral artery ligation (FAL). At 24 h and 7 days after FAL, we isolated the ischemic gastrocnemius muscles and investigated them by means of (immuno-)histological analyses. C3-/- mice showed elevated ischemic damage 7 days after FAL, as evidenced by H&E staining. In addition, angiogenesis was increased in C3-/- mice, as demonstrated by increased capillary/muscle fiber ratio and increased proliferating endothelial cells (CD31+/BrdU+). Moreover, our results showed that the total number of leukocytes (CD45+) was increased in C3-/- mice, which was based on an increased number of neutrophils (MPO+), neutrophil extracellular trap formation (MPO+/CitH3+), and macrophages (CD68+) displaying a shift toward an anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic M2-like polarized phenotype (CD68+/MRC1+). In summary, we show that the deficiency of complement factor C3 increased neutrophil and M2-like polarized macrophage accumulation in ischemic muscle tissue, contributing to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Götz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Braumandl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübler
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Konda Kumaraswami
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Kim J, Park JH, Park SK, Hoe HS. Sorafenib Modulates the LPS- and Aβ-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response in Cells, Wild-Type Mice, and 5xFAD Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684344. [PMID: 34122447 PMCID: PMC8190398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is FDA-approved for the treatment of primary kidney or liver cancer, but its ability to inhibit many types of kinases suggests it may have potential for treating other diseases. Here, the effects of sorafenib on neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms were assessed. Sorafenib reduced the induction of mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines COX-2 and IL-1β by LPS in BV2 microglial cells, but in primary astrocytes, only COX-2 mRNA levels were altered by sorafenib. Interestingly, sorafenib altered the LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory response in BV2 microglial cells by modulating AKT/P38-linked STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathways. In LPS-stimulated wild-type mice, sorafenib administration suppressed microglial/astroglial kinetics and morphological changes and COX-2 mRNA levels by decreasing AKT phosphorylation in the brain. In 5xFAD mice (an Alzheimer’s disease model), sorafenib treatment daily for 3 days significantly reduced astrogliosis but not microgliosis. Thus, sorafenib may have therapeutic potential for suppressing neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
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119
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Norooznezhad AH, Mansouri K. Endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation, and angiogenesis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Microvasc Res 2021; 137:104188. [PMID: 34022205 PMCID: PMC8135191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been led to a pandemic emergency. So far, different pathological pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been introduced in which the excess release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1 β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]) has earned most of the attentions. However, recent studies have identified new pathways with at least the same level of importance as cytokine storm in which endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of them. In COVID-19, two main pathologic phenomena have been seen as a result of EC dysfunction: hyper-coagulation state and pathologic angiogenesis. The EC dysfunction-induced hypercoagulation state seems to be caused by alteration in the levels of different factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, soluble thrombomodulin, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). As data have shown, these thromboembolic events are associated with severity of disease severity or even death in COVID-19 patients. Other than thromboembolic events, pathologic angiogenesis is among the recent findings. Furthermore, over-expression/higher levels of different proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), IL-6, TNF receptor super family 1A and 12, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) have been found in the lung biopsies/sera of both survived and non-survived COVID-19 patients. Also, there are some hypotheses regarding the role of nitric oxide in EC dysfunction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been demonstrated that different pathways involved in inflammation are generally common with EC dysfunction and angiogenesis. Altogether, considering the common possible upstream pathways in cytokine storm, pathologic angiogenesis, and EC dysfunction, it seems that targeting these molecules (such as nuclear factor κB) could be more effective in the management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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120
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Wallsh JO, Gallemore RP. Anti-VEGF-Resistant Retinal Diseases: A Review of the Latest Treatment Options. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051049. [PMID: 33946803 PMCID: PMC8145407 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy currently plays a central role in the treatment of numerous retinal diseases, most notably exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD), diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusions. While offering significant functional and anatomic benefits in most patients, there exists a subset of 15–40% of eyes that fail to respond or only partially respond. For these cases, various treatment options have been explored with a range of outcomes. These options include steroid injections, laser treatment (both thermal therapy for retinal vascular diseases and photodynamic therapy for eAMD), abbreviated anti-VEGF treatment intervals, switching anti-VEGF agents and topical medications. In this article, we review the effectiveness of these treatment options along with a discussion of the current research into future directions for anti-VEGF-resistant eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh O. Wallsh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
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121
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Kim D, Choi SW, Cho J, Been JH, Choi K, Jiang W, Han J, Oh J, Park C, Choi S, Seo S, Kim KL, Suh W, Lee SK, Kim S. Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Antiangiogenesis Agents to Treat Diabetic Retinopathy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5535-5550. [PMID: 33902285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness which is associated with excessive angiogenesis. Using the structure of wondonin marine natural products, we previously created a scaffold to develop a novel type of antiangiogenesis agent that possesses minimized cytotoxicity. To overcome its poor pharmaceutical properties, we further modified the structure. A new scaffold was derived in which the stereogenic carbon was changed to nitrogen and the 1,2,3-triazole ring was replaced by an alkyl chain. By comparing the bioactivity versus cytotoxicity, compound 31 was selected, which has improved aqueous solubility and an enhanced selectivity index. Mechanistically, 31 suppressed angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) expression induced by high glucose in retinal cells and exhibited in vivo antiangiogenic activity in choroidal neovascularization and oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. These results suggest the potential of 31 as a lead to develop antiangiogenic small-molecule drugs to treat diabetic retinopathy and as a chemical tool to elucidate new mechanisms of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Won Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihee Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hui Been
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoungsun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Wenzhe Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaeho Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jedo Oh
- Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Pangyo 13486, Korea
| | | | | | - Songyi Seo
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Koung Li Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Wonhee Suh
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Elmasry K, Habib S, Moustafa M, Al-Shabrawey M. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040593. [PMID: 33919531 PMCID: PMC8073699 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in bone formation and repair. Recent studies underscored their essential role in the normal development of several organs and vascular homeostasis in health and diseases. Elevated levels of BMPs have been linked to the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, their particular role in the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still under-investigated. Accumulated evidence from our and others’ studies suggests the involvement of BMP signaling in retinal inflammation, hyperpermeability and pathological neovascularization in DR and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, targeting BMP signaling in diabetes is proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the development of microvascular dysfunction in retinal diseases, particularly in DR. The goal of this review article is to discuss the biological functions of BMPs, their underlying mechanisms and their potential role in the pathogenesis of DR in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar Habib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate 35516, Egypt;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Culver Vision discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(706)721-4278 or +1-(706)721-4279
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Wang X, Zhao H, Yang N, Jin Y, Chen J. Antiangiogenic Effect of Platelet P2Y 12 Inhibitor in Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis in Mice Hindlimb. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5529431. [PMID: 33898623 PMCID: PMC8052144 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postischemic inflammation induces angiogenesis, while platelet P2Y12 inhibitors can alleviate this inflammation. Therefore, we studied the potential effects of P2Y12 inhibitor, ticagrelor, on angiogenesis in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS Laser Doppler perfusion imaging and capillary density measurement were used for angiogenesis quantified. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the level of CD31. The mice muscle was harvested for enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay of interleukin- (IL) 10 activity and Western blot determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. RESULTS Ischemic hindlimb angiogenesis was sharply decreased in IL-10+/+ mice than IL-10-/- mice. Ticagrelor inhibited angiogenesis and blood reperfusion recovery significantly elevated the levels of IL-10 and decreased the expression of VEGF in the IL-10+/+ mouse ischemic hindlimb, which were abolished in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) C57BL/6J mice. CONCLUSION The study underscores that the effect of ticagrelor antiangiogenic function is related with the higher IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Naiquan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
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周 鹏, 刘 丽, 高 卫. [Association between serum CTRP9 levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:459-463. [PMID: 33849840 PMCID: PMC8075780 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.03.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) level and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE A total of 291 patients with T2DM underwent fundus examination, and their serum levels of CTRP9, insulin and adiponectin were measured using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. According to results of fundus examination, the patients were divided into DR group and non-DR (NDR) group, and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum CTRP9 levels and DR in T2DM patients. OBJECTIVE Compared with those in NDR group, the patients with DR showed significantly increased serum CTRP9 level (P < 0.001) and decreased serum adiponectin level (P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that in patients with T2DM complicated by DR, serum CTRP9 levels had a significant positive correlation with DR stage (P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with serum adiponectin level (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that with the increase of serum CTRP9 level, the risk of DR is significantly increased in patients with T2DM. OBJECTIVE In patients with T2DM complicated by DR, an increased serum CTRP9 level suggests a compensatory response to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹏鹏 周
- 南京中医药大学附属昆山市中医医院,江苏 昆山 215300Kunshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China
- 南京中医药大学,江苏 南京 210029Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - 丽燕 刘
- 南京中医药大学附属昆山市中医医院,江苏 昆山 215300Kunshan Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - 卫萍 高
- 南京中医药大学,江苏 南京 210029Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Comparatively Predict the Active Ingredients and Molecular Targets of Compound Xueshuantong Capsule and Hexuemingmu Tablet in the Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6642600. [PMID: 33747106 PMCID: PMC7954618 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Compound Xueshuantong capsule (CXC) and Hexuemingmu tablet (HXMMT) are two important Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) frequently used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), especially when complicated with vitreous hemorrhage (VH). However, a network pharmacology approach to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of these two CPMs in PDR has not been applied. Objective To identify differences in the active ingredients between CXC and HXMMT and to comparatively predict and further analyze the molecular targets shared by these CPMs and PDR. Materials and methods. The differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between normal retinal tissues in healthy individuals and active fibrovascular membranes in PDR patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The active ingredients of CXC and HXMMT and the targets of these ingredients were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The intersections of the CPM (CXC and HXMMT) targets and PDR targets were determined. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed, and the ingredient-target networks, protein-protein interaction networks, and KEGG-target (KEGG-T) networks were constructed. Results CXC contains 4 herbs, and HXMMT contains 19. Radix salviae is the only herb common to both. CXC had 34 potential therapeutic targets in PDR, while HXMMT had these 34 and 10 additional targets. Both CPMs shared the following main processes: response to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, regulation of blood vessel diameter and size, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction, hemostasis, and blood coagulation. The shared pathways included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions Both CXC and HXMMT include components effective at treating PDR and affect the following main processes: response to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, regulation of blood vessels, and blood coagulation. Radix salviae, the only herb common to both CPMs, contains many useful active ingredients. The PDR-CXC and PDR-HXMMT networks shared 34 common genes (RELA, HSPA8, HSP90AA, HSP90AB1, BRCA, EWSR1, CUL7, HNRNPU, MYC, CTNNB1, MDM2, YWHAZ, CDK2, AR, FN1, HUWE1, TP53, TUBB, EP300, GRB2, VCP, MCM2, EEF1A1, NTRK1, TRAF6, EGFR, PRKDC, SRC, HDAC5, APP, ESR1, AKT1, UBC, and COPS5), and the PDR-HXMMT network has 10 additional genes (RNF2, VNL, RPS27, COPS5, XPO1, PARP1, RACK1, YWHAB, and ITGA4). The top 5 pathways with the highest gene ratio in both networks were the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Additional pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway were enriched with HXMMT targets. Thus, HXMMT has more therapeutic targets shared by different active ingredients and more abundant gene functions than CXC, which may be two major reasons why HXMMT is more strongly recommended than CXC as an auxiliary treatment for new-onset VH secondary to PDR. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored.
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Shahriary A, Sabzevari M, Jadidi K, Yazdani F, Aghamollaei H. The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Neovascularization of Chemical Ocular Injury. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1149-1161. [PMID: 33734925 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1870148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Chemical injuries can potentially lead to the necrosis anterior segment of the eye, and cornea in particular. Inflammatory cytokines are the first factors produced after chemical ocular injuries. Inflammation via promoting the angiogenesis factor tries to implement the wound healing mechanism in the epithelial and stromal layer of the cornea. Methods: Narrative review.Results: In our review, we described the patterns of chemical injuries in the cornea and their molecular mechanisms associated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the effects of inflammation signals on angiogenesis factors and CNV were explained. Conclusion: The contribution of inflammation and angiogenesis causes de novo formation of blood vessels that is known as the corneal neovascularization (CNV). The new vascularity interrupts cornea clarity and visual acuity. Inflammation also depleted the Limbal stem cells (LSCs) in the limbus causing the failure of normal corneal epithelial healing and conjunctivalization of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sabzevari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farshad Yazdani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yan M, Wang H, Gu Y, Li X, Tao L, Lu P. Melatonin exerts protective effects on diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as revealed by quantitative proteomics. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108521. [PMID: 33636209 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common ocular complication resulting from diabetes in working-age adults, causes vision impairment and even blindness because of microvascular damage to the retina. Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone possessing various biological properties, including the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and angiogenesis functions. To evaluate the effects of melatonin on DR, we first investigated the role of melatonin in retinal angiogenesis and inner blood-retina barrier (iBRB) under high glucose conditions in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin administration ameliorated high glucose-induced iBRB disruption, cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and tube formation, and decreased the expression levels of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Furthermore, melatonin treatment increased the level of autophagy but decreased the expression levels of inflammation-related factors under high glucose conditions. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we evaluated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) via tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics under high-glucose conditions with or without melatonin. Bioinformatics analysis results revealed that the main enrichment pathway of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was the Wnt pathway. We found that melatonin inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway following DR. These abovementioned protective effects of melatonin under hyperglycemia were blocked by lithium chloride (LiCl; activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway). In summary, melatonin exerts protective effects on experimental DR via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway by, at least partially, alleviating autophagic dysfunction and inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Cannabinoids and eye: Focus on angiogenesis and endothelial cells. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66:1070-1071. [PMID: 33610588 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Cao X, Xue LD, Di Y, Li T, Tian YJ, Song Y. MSC-derived exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 suppresses endothelial-mesenchymal transition and tube formation in diabetic retinopathy via miR-34a-5p/XBP1 axis. Life Sci 2021; 272:119232. [PMID: 33600866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could result in visual impairment. Accumulating studies have shown the implication of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of DR. Our aims are to investigate whether lncRNA SNHG7 plays a role during DR pathogenesis. MAIN METHODS Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with high glucose (HG) to build cell model. Relative expression of RNAs were examined using qPCR, and western blot or immunofluorescence analysis was adopted to detect the protein expression. Cell viability, migration and angiogenic capacity of HRMECs were estimated through CCK-8, transwell and tube formation experiments, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull down assays were employed to verify the interplay between miR-34a-5p and SNHG7 or XBP1. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were identified by examining typical surface makers using flow cytometry and the differentiation abilities via Alizarin red, Oil red O and Alcian blue staining. MSC-derived exosomes were verified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. KEY FINDINGS LncRNA SNHG7 sponged to and negatively regulated miR-34a-5p. SNHG7 overexpression repressed HG induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and tube formation of HRMECs, while miR-34a-5p overexpression could reverse this effect. miR-34a-5p targeted and negative regulated XBP1. Knockdown of miR-34a-5p repressed HG induced EndMT and tube formation, which were partially blocked by XBP1 inhibition. MSC-derived exosomes could transfer SNHG7 to HRMECs and modulated EndMT and tube formation. SIGNIFICANCE The MSC-derived exosomal lncRNA SNHG7 suppresses EndMT and tube formation in HRMECs via miR-34a-5p/XBP1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li-Dan Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ya-Jing Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Filippelli M, Campagna G, Vito P, Zotti T, Ventre L, Rinaldi M, Bartollino S, dell'Omo R, Costagliola C. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcumin, Homotaurine, and Vitamin D3 on Human Vitreous in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Neurol 2021; 11:592274. [PMID: 33633656 PMCID: PMC7901953 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble mediators (TNF-α, IL6, IL2, and PDGF-AB) in 28 vitreous biopsies taken from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and treated with increasing doses of curcumin (0. 5 and 1 μM), with or without homotaurine (100 μM) and vitamin D3 (50 nM). Materials and Methods: ELISA tests were performed on the supernatants from 28 vitreous biopsies that were incubated with bioactive molecules at 37°C for 20 h. The concentration of the soluble mediators was calculated from a calibration curve and expressed in pg/mL. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of distribution of the residuals. Continuous variables among groups were compared using the General Linear Model (GLM). Homoscedasticity was verified using Levene and Brown-Forsythe tests. Post-hoc analysis was also performed with the Tukey test. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The post-hoc analysis revealed statistically detectable changes in the concentrations of TNF-α, IL2, and PDGF-AB in response to the treatment with curcumin, homotaurine, and vitamin D3. Specifically, the p-values for between group comparisons are as follows: TNF-α: (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.008, (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0004, (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.02, (curcumin 1 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.025, and (homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.009; IL2: (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0023, and (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 0.5 μM+ homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0028; PDGF-AB: (untreated vs. curcumin 0.5 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.04, (untreated vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.0006, (curcumin 0.5 μM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.006, and (homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM vs. curcumin 1 μM + homotaurine 100 μM + vitamin D3 50 nM) p = 0.022. IL6 levels were not significantly affected by any treatment. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, although there is a discrete variability in the doses of the mediators investigated among the different vitreous samples. Curcumin, homotaurine, and vitamin D3 individually have a slightly appreciable anti-inflammatory effect. However, when used in combination, these substances are able to modify the average levels of the soluble mediators of inflammation and retinal damage. Multi-target treatment may provide a therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy in the future. Clinical Trial Registration : The trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT04378972 on 06 May 2020 ("retrospectively registered") https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid = S0009UI8&selectaction = Edit&uid = U0003RKC&ts = 2&cx = dstm4o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelena Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campagna
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Sannio Tech Consortium, Apollosa, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Sannio Tech Consortium, Apollosa, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luca Ventre
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University Eye Clinic, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Rinaldi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Sannio Tech Consortium, Apollosa, Italy
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Chen L, Wu H, Ren C, Liu G, Zhang W, Liu W, Lu P. Inhibition of PDGF-BB reduces alkali-induced corneal neovascularization in mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:238. [PMID: 33537811 PMCID: PMC7893695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB/PDGF receptor (R)-β signaling in an experimental murine corneal neovascularization (CrNV) model. Experimental CrNV was induced by alkali injury. The intra-corneal expression of PDGF-BB was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effect of PDGF-BB on CrNV was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of PDGFR-β in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) under normal conditions or following cobalt chloride treatment, which induced hypoxic conditions, was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The effect of exogenous treatment of PDGF-BB on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HRECs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions was evaluated in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and 3D Matrigel capillary tube formation assays, respectively. The results indicated that the intra-corneal expression levels of the proteins of PDGF-BB and PDGFR-β were detectable on days 2 and 7 following alkali injury. The treatment with neutralizing anti-PDGF-BB antibody resulted in significant inhibition of CrNV. The intra-corneal expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins were downregulated, while the expression levels of thrombospondin (TSP)-1, TSP-2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-1 and ADAMTS-2 were upregulated significantly in mice treated with anti-PDGF-BB antibody. The expression levels of PDGFR-β were upregulated in HRECs under hypoxic conditions compared with those noted under normoxic conditions. Recombinant human PDGF-BB promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HRECs under hypoxic conditions. The data indicated that PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling was involved in CrNV and that it promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. The pro-angiogenic effects of this pathway may be mediated via the induction of pro-angiogenic cytokine secretion and the suppression of anti-angiogenic cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chi Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Hu L, Lv X, Li D, Zhang W, Ran G, Li Q, Hu J. The anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in diabetic retinopathy by facilitating the ubiquitination degradation of c-Myc to orchestrate the HDAC2. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2190-2202. [PMID: 33369138 PMCID: PMC7882985 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalently occurring microvascular complication in diabetic patients that triggers severe visual impairments. The anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 has been identified in breast cancer. Therefore, this study intends to decipher the mechanism of FBXW7 in angiogenesis of DR. DR model was induced on mice using high-glucose (HG) and high-fat diet, and retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) isolated from normal mice were induced with HG, followed by evaluation of FBXW7, Ki67, HIF-1α and VEGF expression by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in normal and DR mice, angiogenesis was assessed by CD31 fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and silencing experiments in HG-induced RMECs, RMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were, respectively, determined by EdU, Transwell and in vitro angiogenesis assays. The impact of FBXW7 on the ubiquitination of c-Myc was studied by cycloheximide chase assay and proteasome inhibition, and the binding of c-Myc to HDAC2 promoter by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. DR mice and HG-induced RMECs possessed down-regulated FBXW7 and up-regulated Ki67, HIF-1α and VEGF. Silencing FBXW7 enhanced angiogenesis in normal mouse retinal tissue, but overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c-Myc diminished angiogenesis in DR mouse retinal tissue. Overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c-Myc depressed proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HG-induced RMECs. FBXW7 induced c-Myc ubiquitination degradation, and c-Myc augmented HDAC2 expression by binding to HDAC2 promoter. Conclusively, our data provided a novel sight of anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in DR by modulating the c-Myc/HDAC2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiangyun Lv
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dai Li
- School of OptometryHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | | | | | - Qingchun Li
- School of OptometryHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- School of OptometryHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
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Hassanpour M, Aghamohamadzade N, Cheraghi O, Heidarzadeh M, Nouri M. Current status of cardiac regenerative medicine; An update on point of view to cell therapy application. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 12:256-268. [PMID: 33510874 PMCID: PMC7828760 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Because of the economic and social burden of acute myocardial infarction and its chronic consequences in surviving patients, understanding the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction injury is a major priority for cardiovascular research. MI is defined as cardiomyocytes death caused by an ischemic that resulted from the apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. The phases of normal repair following MI including inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation. Normal repair is slow and inefficient generally so that other treatments are required. Because of difficulties, outcomes, and backwashes of traditional therapies including coronary artery bypass grafting, balloon angioplasty, heart transplantation, and artificial heart operations, the novel strategy in the treatment of MI, cell therapy, was newly emerged. In cell therapy, a new population of cells has created that substitute with damaged cells. Different types of stem cell and progenitor cells have been shown to improve cardiac function through various mechanisms, including the formation of new myocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Bone marrow- and/or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, autologous skeletal myoblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac pericytes considered as a source for cell therapy. In this study, we focused on the point of view of the cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Noueihed B, Rivera JC, Dabouz R, Abram P, Omri S, Lahaie I, Chemtob S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Retinal Vascular Repair by Modulating Sema3E and IL-17A in a Model of Ischemic Retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630645. [PMID: 33553187 PMCID: PMC7859341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies (IRs), such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by an initial phase of microvascular degeneration that results in retinal ischemia, followed by exaggerated pathologic neovascularization (NV). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties associated with tissue repair and regeneration, and in this regard exert protection to neurons in ischemic and degenerative conditions; however, the exact mechanisms underlying these functions remain largely unknown. Class III Semaphorins (A–G) are particularly implicated in regulating neural blood supply (as well as neurogenesis) by suppressing angiogenesis and affecting myeloid cell function; this is the case for distinct neuropillin-activating Sema3A as well as PlexinD1-activating Sema3E; but during IR the former Sema3A increases while Sema3E decreases. We investigated whether retinal vascular repair actions of MSCs are exerted by normalizing Semaphorin and downstream cytokines in IR. Intravitreal administration of MSCs or their secretome (MSCs-conditioned media [MSCs-CM]) significantly curtailed vasoobliteration as well as aberrant preretinal NV in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). The vascular repair effects of MSCs-CM in the ischemic retina were associated with restored levels of Sema3E. Vascular benefits of MSCs-CM were reversed by anti-Sema3E; while intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenic recombinant Sema3E (rSema3E) in OIR-subjected mice reproduced effects of MSCs-CM by inhibiting as expected preretinal NV but also by decreasing vasoobliteration. To explain these opposing vascular effects of Sema3E we found in OIR high retinal levels, respectively, of the pro- and anti-angiogenic IL-17A and Sema3A-regulating IL-1β; IL-17A positively affected expression of IL-1β. rSema3E decreased concentrations of these myeloid cell-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, IL-17A suppression by MSCs-CM was abrogated by anti-Sema3E neutralizing antibody. Collectively, our findings provide novel evidence by which MSCs inhibit aberrant NV and diminish vasoobliteration (promoting revascularization) in retinopathy by restoring (at least in part) neuronal Sema3E levels that reduce pathological levels of IL-17A (and in turn other proinflammatory factors) in myeloid cells. The ability of MSCs to generate a microenvironment permissive for vascular regeneration by controlling the production of neuronal factors involved in immunomodulatory activities is a promising opportunity for stem cell therapy in ocular degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa Noueihed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabah Dabouz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pénélope Abram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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135
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Li R, Chen L, Yao GM, Yan HL, Wang L. Effects of quercetin on diabetic retinopathy and its association with NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:42-49. [PMID: 33469482 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of quercetin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its association with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy using retinal endothelial cell as an experimental model. METHODS Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were cultured in vitro and assigned into the control group, high-glucose (HG) group, and HG+different concentrations of quercetin groups. Cellular viability, migration, and tube formation in these groups was detected by MTT, transwell and matrigel assay, respectively. Expressions of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteiny aspartate-specific protease-1 (Caspase-1) as well as microtubule-related protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blotting. Expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA and cellular autophagy was detected by Cyto-ID® autophagy detection kit. RESULTS Under an HG condition, the viability, migration, tube formation of HRMECs, and the protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, LC3, and Beclin-1 as well as autophagy were all increased. Quercetin inhibited angiogenesis of HRMECs as well as the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, LC3, Beclin-1, and autophagy of HRMECs under a HG condition. The inhibitory effects of quercetin on angiogenesis, NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy increased with the increase of its concentration. CONCLUSION The therapeutic potential of quercetin in retinal neovascularization of DR, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy signaling pathway may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Min Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Lin Yan
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
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136
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The innate immune system in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100940. [PMID: 33429059 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults in the United States. Historically, DR has been diagnosed and classified clinically based on what is visible by fundoscopy; that is vasculature alterations. However, recent technological advances have confirmed pathology of the neuroretina prior to any detectable vascular changes. These, coupled with molecular studies, and the positive impact of anti-inflammatory therapeutics in DR patients have highlighted the central involvement of the innate immune system. Reminiscent of the systemic impact of diabetes, immune dysregulation has become increasingly identified as a key element of the pathophysiology of DR by interfering with normal homeostatic systems. This review uses the growing body of literature across various model systems to demonstrate the clear involvement of all three pillars of the immune system: immune-competent cells, mediators, and the complement system. It also demonstrates how the relative contribution of each of these requires more extensive analysis, including in human tissues over the continuum of disease progression. Finally, although this review demonstrates how the complex interactions of the immune system pose many more questions than answers, the intimately connected nature of the three pillars of the immune system may also point to possible new targets to reverse or even halt reverse retinopathy.
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137
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Li W, Xiao H. Scutellaria barbata D. Don Polysaccharides Inhibit High Glucose-Induced Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2431-2440. [PMID: 34103952 PMCID: PMC8180288 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s296164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata) has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities. The ethanol extract of S. barbata has been confirmed to attenuate diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides isolated from S. barbata (PSB) on the proliferation and angiogenesis of retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) in DR. METHODS Human RVECs (HRVECs) were cultured in normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM), mannitol (MA, 30 mM), high glucose (HG, 30 mM) and HG plus 40 μg/mL PSB, respectively. Then, cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were evaluated. The cell proliferation was also estimated in the presence of SLIGKV, which was used to induce the phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK). RESULTS PSB reduced normal and HG-induced HRVECs cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and proliferating antigen KI67 (Ki67), the migration rate and tube formation ability, which were increased by HG treatment, were significantly decreased by PSB. PSB also inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf, MEK and ERK in HG-stimulated HRVECs. Moreover, the application of SLIGKV recovered cell viability and the expression of p-ERK, PCNA and Ki67, in HG plus PSB-treated cells. Finally, the HG-enhanced expression of VE-cadherin, Frizzed, β-catenin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was all reversed by PSB. CONCLUSION PSB could inhibit HG-induced HRVECs proliferation, migration and neovascularization, and these effects might work through blocking the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and VEGF/VE-cadherin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen NO.2 People’s Hospital, Jingmen, 448000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongxia Xiao Email
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138
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Yuan M, He Q, Long Z, Zhu X, Xiang W, Wu Y, Lin S. Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Biological Strategy-Based Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5544518. [PMID: 34394383 PMCID: PMC8356007 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5544518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LDD) for diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS The potential targets of LDD were predicted by PharmMapper. GeneCards and other databases were used to collect DR genes. Cytoscape was used to construct and analyze network DR and LDD's network, and DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, animal experiments were carried out to verify the results of systematic pharmacology. RESULTS Five networks were constructed and analyzed: (1) diabetic retinopathy genes' PPI network; (2) compound-compound target network of LDD; (3) LDD-DR PPI network; (4) compound-known target network of LDD; (5) LDD known target-DR PPI network. Several DR and treatment-related targets, clusters, signaling pathways, and biological processes were found. Animal experiments found that LDD can improve the histopathological changes of the retina. LDD can also increase erythrocyte filtration rate and decrease the platelet adhesion rate (P < 0.05) and decrease MDA and TXB2 (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the retinal VEGF and HIF-1α expression in the LDD group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of LDD on DR may be achieved by interfering with the biological processes (such as response to insulin, glucose homeostasis, and regulation of angiogenesis) and signaling pathways (such as insulin, VEGF, HIF-1, and ErbB signaling pathway) related to the development of DR that was found in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shibin Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
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139
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Cao B, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zhao D. Plasma cytokines for predicting diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients via machine learning algorithms. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1972-1988. [PMID: 33323553 PMCID: PMC7880388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate changes of plasma cytokines and to develop machine learning classifiers for predicting non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. RESULTS There were 12 plasma cytokines significantly higher in the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group in the pilot cohort. The validation cohort showed that angiopoietin 1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were significantly higher in the NPDR group. Machine learning algorithms using the random forest yielded the best performance, with sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 82.8%, NPV of 88.2% and area under the curve of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS Plasma angiopoietin 1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were associated with presence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and may be good biomarkers that play important roles in pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In pilot cohort, 60 plasma cytokines were simultaneously measured. In validation cohort, angiopoietin 1, CXC-chemokine ligand 16, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were validated using ELISA kits. Machine learning algorithms were developed to build a prediction model for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
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140
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Kim SG. Immunomodulation for maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 42:5. [PMID: 32206664 PMCID: PMC7058765 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-020-00249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is a technique for the modulation of immune responses against graft material to improve surgical success rates. The main target cell for the immunomodulation is a macrophage because it is the reaction site of the graft and controls the healing process. Macrophages can be classified into M1 and M2 types. Most immunomodulation techniques focus on the rapid differentiation of M2-type macrophage. An M2 inducer, 4-hexylresorcinol, has been recently identified and is used for bone grafts and dental implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Jukhyun-gil 25457 South Korea
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141
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Ai X, Yu P, Hou Y, Song X, Luo J, Li N, Lai X, Wang X, Meng X. A review of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetic retinopathy and involved mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Effects of Diabetes on Microcirculation and Leukostasis in Retinal and Non-Ocular Tissues: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111583. [PMID: 33233433 PMCID: PMC7700516 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in retinal microcirculation are associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, it is unclear whether such changes also develop in capillary beds of other non-retinal tissues. Here, we investigated microcirculatory changes involving velocity of rolling neutrophils, adherence of neutrophils, and leukostasis during development of retinal vascular lesions in diabetes in other non-retinal tissues. Intravital microscopy was performed on post-capillary venules of cremaster muscle and ear lobe of mice with severe or moderate diabetes and compared to those of non-diabetic mice. Additionally, number and velocity of rolling leukocytes, number of adherent leukocytes, and areas of leukostasis were quantified, and retinal capillary networks were examined for acellular capillaries (AC) and pericyte loss (PL), two prominent vascular lesions characteristic of DR. The number of adherent neutrophils and areas of leukostasis in the cremaster and ear lobe post-capillary venules of diabetic mice was increased compared to those of non-diabetic mice. Similarly, a significant increase in the number of rolling neutrophils and decrease in their rolling velocities compared to those of non-diabetic control mice were observed and severity of diabetes exacerbated these changes. Understanding diabetes-induced microcirculatory changes in cremaster and ear lobe may provide insight into retinal vascular lesion development in DR.
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143
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Meng T, Qin W, Liu B. SIRT1 Antagonizes Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Vascular Complication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568861. [PMID: 33304318 PMCID: PMC7701141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern worldwide with an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, which is particularly due to the diabetic vascular complications. Several pivotal underlying mechanisms are associated with vascular complications, including hyperglycemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and most importantly, oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers defective angiogenesis, activates pro-inflammatory pathways and causes long-lasting epigenetic changes to facilitate the development of vascular complications. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting oxidative stress are promising to manage diabetic vascular complications. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, plays critical roles in regulating metabolism and ageing-related pathological conditions, such as vascular diseases. Growing evidence has indicated that SIRT1 acts as a sensing regulator in response to oxidative stress and attenuates vascular dysfunction via cooperating with adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to activate antioxidant signals through various downstream effectors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1α), forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs), and peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor α (PPARα). In addition, SIRT1 interacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), regulates NADPH oxidase, endothelial NO synthase, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) to suppress oxidative stress. Furthermore, mRNA expression of sirt1 is affected by microRNAs in DM. In the current review, we summarize recent advances illustrating the importance of SIRT1 in antagonizing oxidative stress. We also discuss whether modulation of SIRT1 can serve as a therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Kaštelan S, Orešković I, Bišćan F, Kaštelan H, Gverović Antunica A. Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020; 30:030502. [PMID: 32774120 PMCID: PMC7394255 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to identify the initial stages of DR as well as monitoring the effects of applied therapy. Biochemical biomarkers are molecules found in blood or other biological fluid and tissue that indicate the existence of an abnormal condition or disease. They could be a valuable tool in detecting early stages of DR, identifying patients most susceptible to retinopathy progression and monitoring treatment outcomes. Biomarkers related to DR can be measured in the blood, retina, vitreous, aqueous humour and recently in tears. As the retina represents a small part of total body mass, a circulating biomarker for DR needs to be highly specific. Local biomarkers are more reliable as indicators of the retinal pathology; however, obtaining a sample of aqueous humour, vitreous or retina is an invasive procedure with potential serious complications. As a non-invasive novel method, tear analysis offers a promising direction in further research for DR biomarker detection. The aim of this paper is to review systemic and local inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers relevant to this sight threatening diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Filip Bišćan
- Augenzentrum Mühldorf, Überörtliche Gemeinschaftspraxis, Mühldorf am Inn, Germany
| | - Helena Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
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145
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Uncovering the protective mechanism of Taohong Siwu decoction against diabetic retinopathy via HIF-1 signaling pathway based on network analysis and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:298. [PMID: 33023593 PMCID: PMC7542117 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been proved to have a good clinical effect on DR, whereas its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our study aimed to uncover the core targets and signaling pathways of THSWD against DR. Methods First, the active ingredients of THSWD were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database. Second, the targets of active ingredients were identified from ChemMapper and PharmMapper databases. Third, DR associated targets were searched from DisGeNET, DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Subsequently, the common targets of active ingredients and DR were found and analyzed in STRING database. DAVID database and ClueGo plug-in software were used to carry out the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The core signaling pathway network of “herb-ingredient-target” was constructed by the Cytoscape software. Finally, the key genes of THSWD against DR were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 2340 targets of 61 active ingredients in THSWD were obtained. Simultaneously, a total of 263 DR-associated targets were also obtained. Then, 67 common targets were found by overlapping them, and 23 core targets were identified from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Response to hypoxia was found as the top GO term of biological process, and HIF-1 signaling pathway was found as the top KEGG pathway. Among the key genes in HIF-1 pathway, the mRNA expression levels of VEGFA, SERPINE1 and NOS2 were significantly down-regulated by THSWD (P < 0.05), and NOS3 and HMOX1 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion THSWD had a protective effect on DR via regulating HIF-1 signaling pathway and other important pathways. This study might provide a theoretical basis for the application of THSWD and the development of new drugs for the treatment of DR.
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146
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Wu X, Zhou J, Li D. Orientation of the Mitotic Spindle in Blood Vessel Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583325. [PMID: 33072763 PMCID: PMC7533553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis requires coordinated endothelial cell specification, proliferation, and collective migration. The orientation of endothelial cell division is tightly regulated during the earliest stages of blood vessel formation in response to morphogenetic cues and the controlled orientation of the mitotic spindle. Consequently, oriented cell division is a vital mechanism in vessel morphogenesis, and defective spindle orientation can perturb the spatial arrangement of daughter cells and consequently contribute to several diseases related to vascular development. Many factors affect endothelial cell proliferation and orientation and therefore blood vessel formation, with the relationship between improper spindle orientation in endothelial cells and various diseases extensively studied. Here we review the molecular mechanisms driving the orientation of endothelial cell division, particularly with respect to the mitotic spindle, and how these processes affect vascular development, disease pathogenesis, and their potential as novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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147
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Mustafi D, Saraf SS, Shang Q, Olmos de Koo LC. New developments in angiography for the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 167:108361. [PMID: 32745697 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The most common microvascular complication of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Our understanding of the vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy was enhanced by the demonstration of fluorescein angiography (FA) in the human retina for the first time in 1961. It was subsequently integrated with digital fundoscopic imaging to become an invaluable technique in evaluation of the retinal vasculature. The recent development of OCT-angiography (OCT-A) has revolutionized the clinician's ability to examine the retinal vasculature without the need for injection of a contrast dye. By coupling OCT, which can provide noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of the central retina, with angiography in OCT-A, one can reveal retinal perfusion by allowing visualization of the depth-resolved retinal capillary plexus. OCT-A has allowed for more precise delineation of changes in the retinal microvasculature, specifically the alterations of retinal vasculature and loss of capillary perfusion from chronic microvascular occlusion in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Mustafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Eye Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven S Saraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Eye Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qing Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Eye Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa C Olmos de Koo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Eye Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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148
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Takeda A, Yanai R, Murakami Y, Arima M, Sonoda KH. New Insights Into Immunological Therapy for Retinal Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1431. [PMID: 32719682 PMCID: PMC7348236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the twentieth century, a conspicuous lack of effective treatment strategies existed for managing several retinal disorders, including age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy (DR); retinopathy of prematurity (ROP); retinitis pigmentosa (RP); uveitis, including Behçet's disease; and vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). However, in the first decade of this century, advances in biomedicine have provided new treatment strategies in the field of ophthalmology, particularly biologics that target vascular endothelial growth factor or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, clinical trials on gene therapy specifically for patients with autosomal recessive or X-linked RP have commenced. The overall survival rates of patients with VRL have improved, owing to earlier diagnoses and better treatment strategies. However, some unresolved problems remain such as primary or secondary non-response to biologics or chemotherapy, and the lack of adequate strategies for treating most RP patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunological mechanisms of the eye under normal conditions and in several retinal disorders, including uveitis, DR, ROP, RP, and VRL. In addition, we discuss recent studies that describe the inflammatory responses that occur during the course of these retinal disorders to provide new insights into their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Institute, Kyushu Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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149
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Zou J, Liu KC, Wang WP, Xu Y. Circular RNA COL1A2 promotes angiogenesis via regulating miR-29b/VEGF axis in diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2020; 256:117888. [PMID: 32497630 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been implicated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0081108 (circCOL1A2) in DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS circCOL1A2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and miR-29b expression levels in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. The biological functions of hRMECs were evaluated by MTT, transwell, tube formation, and vascular permeability assays, respectively. The interaction between miR-29b and circCOL1A2/VEGF was determined by dual luciferase assay. The release of VEGF was examined by ELISA. The in vivo role of circCOL1A2 was further verified in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR in mice. The pathological changes and VEGF expression in retinal tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining. KEY FINDINGS High glucose (HG) challenge led to increased circCOL1A2, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9 levels, but decreased miR-29b level in hRMECs. In addition, circCOL1A2 sponged miR-29b to promote VEGF expression. Silencing of circCOL1A2 inhibited HG-induced proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and vascular permeability of hRMECs via enhancing miR-29b expression. Moreover, circCOL1A2/miR-29b axis participated in HG-induced increase in angiogenesis-related protein expression. Finally, circCOL1A2 knockdown suppressed angiogenesis via regulating miR-29b/VEGF axis in DR mice. SIGNIFICANCE circCOL1A2 facilities angiogenesis during the pathological progression of DR via regulating miR-29b/VEGF axis, suggesting that targeting circCOL1A2 may be a potential treatment for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Kang-Cheng Liu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Wan-Peng Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China.
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150
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Yin C, Lin X, Sun Y, Ji X. Dysregulation of miR-210 is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy and serves a regulatory role in retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:20. [PMID: 32498701 PMCID: PMC7271497 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-210 in DR patients and explore the regulatory effect of miR-210 on vascular endothelial cell function under high-glucose condition. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate miR-210 expression. A receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-210. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used and treated with high glucose (30 mM), and the cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Results Serum expression of miR-210 was upregulated in DR patients compared with DM without DR patients and healthy controls. The expression of miR-210 in proliferative DR (PDR) patients was higher than non-proliferative DR (NPDR) patients. The increased serum miR-210 could be used to distinguish DR cases from healthy individuals and also simple DM patients, and can screen PDR cases from NPDR cases. The overexpression of miR-210 promoted HUVEC proliferation, while the knockdown of miR-210 resulted in the opposite effect under a high-glucose condition. Conclusion The data of this study demonstrated that serum increased miR-210 serves as a diagnostic biomarker in DR patients and may have the ability to predict DR development and severity. The regulatory effect of miR-210 on vascular endothelial cell proliferation under high-glucose condition, indicating its therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, No. 600, Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
| | - Xiangqiang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, No. 600, Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, No. 600, Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Xinli Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, No. 600, Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
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