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Sackstein R. Fulfilling Koch's postulates in glycoscience: HCELL, GPS and translational glycobiology. Glycobiology 2016; 26:560-70. [PMID: 26933169 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoscience-based research that is performed expressly to address medical necessity and improve patient outcomes is called "translational glycobiology". In the 19th century, Robert Koch proposed a set of postulates to rigorously establish causality in microbial pathogenesis, and these postulates can be reshaped to guide knowledge into how naturally-expressed glycoconjugates direct molecular processes critical to human well-being. Studies in the 1990s indicated that E-selectin, an endothelial lectin that binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants, is constitutively expressed on marrow microvessels, and investigations in my laboratory indicated that human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) uniquely express high levels of a specialized glycoform of CD44 called "hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand" (HCELL) that functions as a highly potent E-selectin ligand. To assess the role of HCELL in directing HSC migration to marrow, a method called "glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution" (GPS) was developed to custom-modify CD44 glycans to enforce HCELL expression on viable cell surfaces. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are devoid of E-selectin ligands, but GPS-based glycoengineering of CD44 on MSCs licenses homing of these cells to marrow in vivo, providing direct evidence that HCELL serves as a "bone marrow homing receptor". This review will discuss the molecular basis of cell migration in historical context, will describe the discovery of HCELL and its function as the bone marrow homing receptor, and will inform on how glycoengineering of CD44 serves as a model for adapting Koch's postulates to elucidate the key roles that glycoconjugates play in human biology and for realizing the immense impact of translational glycobiology in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Skin Disease Research Center Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 671, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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102
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Abstract
Antigen-experienced T cells, also known as memory T cells, are functionally and phenotypically distinct from naive T cells. Their enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and reduced requirement for co-stimulation enables them to mount potent and rapid recall responses to subsequent antigen encounters. Memory T cells generated in response to prior antigen exposures can cross-react with other nonidentical, but similar, antigens. This heterologous cross-reactivity not only enhances protective immune responses, but also engenders de novo alloimmunity. This latter characteristic is increasingly recognized as a potential barrier to allograft acceptance that is worthy of immunotherapeutic intervention, and several approaches have been investigated. Calcineurin inhibition effectively controls memory T-cell responses to allografts, but this benefit comes at the expense of increased infectious morbidity. Lymphocyte depletion eliminates allospecific T cells but spares memory T cells to some extent, such that patients do not completely lose protective immunity. Co-stimulation blockade is associated with reduced adverse-effect profiles and improved graft function relative to calcineurin inhibition, but lacks efficacy in controlling memory T-cell responses. Targeting the adhesion molecules that are upregulated on memory T cells might offer additional means to control co-stimulation-blockade-resistant memory T-cell responses.
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103
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Hind WH, England TJ, O'Sullivan SE. Cannabidiol protects an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier from oxygen-glucose deprivation via PPARγ and 5-HT1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:815-25. [PMID: 26497782 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated a protective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing infarct size in stroke models and against epithelial barrier damage in numerous disease models. We aimed to investigate whether CBD also affects blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability following ischaemia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) and human astrocyte co-cultures modelled the BBB. Ischaemia was modelled by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and permeability was measured by transepithelial electrical resistance. KEY RESULTS CBD (10 μM) prevented the increase in permeability caused by 4 h OGD. CBD was most effective when administered before the OGD, but protective effects were observed up to 2 h into reperfusion. This protective effect was inhibited by a PPARγ antagonist and partly reduced by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, but was unaffected by antagonists of cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors, TRPV1 channels or adenosine A2A receptors. CBD also reduced cell damage, as measured by LDH release and by markers of cellular adhesion, such as the adhesion molecule VCAM-1. In HBMEC monocultures, CBD decreased VCAM-1 and increased VEGF levels, effects which were inhibited by PPARγ antagonism. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that preventing permeability changes at the BBB could represent an as yet unrecognized mechanism of CBD-induced neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke, a mechanism mediated by activation of PPARγ and 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hind
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Timothy J England
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
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104
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Hersrud SL, Geraets RD, Weber KL, Chan CH, Pearce DA. Plasma biomarkers for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. FEBS J 2016; 283:459-71. [PMID: 26565144 PMCID: PMC4744155 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of neurodegenerative genetic diseases that primarily affect children and have no known cure. A unified clinical rating scale for the juvenile form of NCL has been developed, although it has not been validated in other subtypes and does not give a true measure of the pathophysiological changes occurring during disease progression. In the present study, we have identified candidate biomarkers in blood plasma of NCL disease using multiple proteomic approaches, with the aim of developing a panel of biomarkers that could serve as a metric for therapeutic response. Candidate biomarkers were identified as proteins with levels that significantly differed between patients and controls in both sample sets. The seven candidates identified have previously been associated with neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Multiplex immunoassay based testing was the most efficient and effective evaluation technique and could be employed on a broad scale to track patient response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Hersrud
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - Ryan D. Geraets
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
| | - Krystal L. Weber
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
| | - Chun-Hung Chan
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
| | - David A. Pearce
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, United States
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57105, United States
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105
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Chang HC, Yang HL, Pan JH, Korivi M, Pan JY, Hsieh MC, Chao PM, Huang PJ, Tsai CT, Hseu YC. Hericium erinaceus Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Angiogenesis and ROS Generation through Suppression of MMP-9/NF-κB Signaling and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes in Human EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8257238. [PMID: 26823953 PMCID: PMC4707368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8257238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus (HE) is an edible mushroom that has been shown to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated the antiangiogenic and antioxidant potentials of ethanol extracts of HE in human endothelial (EA.hy926) cells upon tumor necrosis factor-α- (TNF-α-) stimulation (10 ng/mL). The underlying molecular mechanisms behind the pharmacological efficacies were elucidated. We found that noncytotoxic concentrations of HE (50-200 μg/mL) significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced migration/invasion and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells. HE treatment suppressed TNF-α-induced activity and/or overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, HE downregulated TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) followed by suppression of I-κB (inhibitor-κB) degradation. Data from fluorescence microscopy illustrated that increased intracellular ROS production upon TNF-α-stimulation was remarkably inhibited by HE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, HE triggered antioxidant gene expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), and glutathione levels, which may contribute to inhibition of ROS. Increased antioxidant status was associated with upregulated nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) in HE treated cells. Our findings conclude that antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of H. erinaceus may contribute to its anticancer property through modulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebron C. Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hao Pan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jian-You Pan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tsan Tsai
- Institute of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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106
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Huang WS, Yang JT, Lu CC, Chang SF, Chen CN, Su YP, Lee KC. Fulvic Acid Attenuates Resistin-Induced Adhesion of HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells to Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29370-82. [PMID: 26690142 PMCID: PMC4691117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high level of serum resistin has recently been found in patients with a number of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, resistin may play a role in CRC development. Fulvic acid (FA), a class of humic substances, possesses pharmacological properties. However, the effect of FA on cancer pathophysiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistin on the endothelial adhesion of CRC and to determine whether FA elicits an antagonistic mechanism to neutralize this resistin effect. Human HCT-116 (p53-negative) and SW-48 (p53-positive) CRC cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the experiments. Treatment of both HCT-116 and SW-48 cells with resistin increases the adhesion of both cells to HUVECs. This result indicated that p53 may not regulate this resistin effect. A mechanistic study in HCT-116 cells further showed that this resistin effect occurs via the activation of NF-κB and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Co-treating cells with both FA and resistin revealed that FA significantly attenuated the resistin-increased NF-κB activation and ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and the consequent adhesion of HCT-116 cells to HUVECs. These results demonstrate the role of resistin in promoting HCT-116 cell adhesion to HUVECs and indicate that FA might be a potential candidate for the inhibition of the endothelial adhesion of CRC in response to resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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107
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Hajishengallis G, Moutsopoulos NM. Role of bacteria in leukocyte adhesion deficiency-associated periodontitis. Microb Pathog 2015; 94:21-6. [PMID: 26375893 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Type I (LAD-I)-associated periodontitis is an aggressive form of inflammatory bone loss that has been historically attributed to lack of neutrophil surveillance of the periodontal infection. However, this form of periodontitis has proven unresponsive to antibiotics and/or mechanical removal of the tooth-associated biofilm. Recent studies in LAD-I patients and relevant animal models have shown that the fundamental cause of LAD-I periodontitis involves dysregulation of a granulopoietic cytokine cascade. This cascade includes interleukin IL-23 (IL-23) and IL-17 that drive inflammatory bone loss in LAD-I patients and animal models and, moreover, foster a nutritionally favorable environment for bacterial growth and development of a compositionally unique microbiome. Although the lack of neutrophil surveillance in the periodontal pockets might be expected to lead to uncontrolled bacterial invasion of the underlying connective tissue, microbiological analyses of gingival biopsies from LAD-I patients did not reveal tissue-invasive infection. However, bacterial lipopolysaccharide was shown to translocate into the lesions of LAD-I periodontitis. It is concluded that the bacteria serve as initial triggers for local immunopathology through translocation of bacterial products into the underlying tissues where they unleash the dysregulated IL-23-IL-17 axis. Subsequently, the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory response sustains and shapes a unique local microbiome which, in turn, can further exacerbate inflammation and bone loss in the susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Penn Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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108
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Anti-angiogenic properties of coenzyme Q0 through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling in TNF-α-activated human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:144-56. [PMID: 26348871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Various coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs have been reported as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances. However, coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a novel quinone derivative, has not been well studied for its pharmacological efficacies, and its response to cytokine stimulation remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential anti-angiogenic properties of CoQ0 in human endothelial (EA.hy 926) cells against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. We found that the non-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ0 (2.5-10μM) significantly suppressed the TNF-α-induced migration/invasion and tube formation abilities of endothelial cells. CoQ0 suppressed TNF-α-induced activity and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) followed by an abridged adhesion of U937 leukocytes to endothelial cells. CoQ0 treatment remarkably downregulated TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) possibly through suppressed I-κBα degradation. Furthermore, CoQ0 triggered the expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), followed by an increased nuclear accumulation of NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) activity. In agreement with these, intracellular glutathione levels were significantly increased in CoQ0 treated cells. More interestingly, knockdown of HO-1 gene by specific shRNA showed diminished anti-angiogenic effects of CoQ0 against TNF-α-induced invasion, tube formation and adhesion of leukocyte to endothelial cells. Our findings reveal that CoQ0 protective effects against cytokine-stimulation are mediated through the suppression of MMP-9/NF-κB and/or activation of HO-1 signaling cascades. This novel finding emphasizes the pharmacological efficacies of CoQ0 to treat inflammation and angiogenesis.
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109
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Bortezomib Plus Continuous B Cell Depletion Results in Sustained Plasma Cell Depletion and Amelioration of Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135081. [PMID: 26252021 PMCID: PMC4529137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are an unmet therapeutic challenge, and developing strategies for their targeting is an emerging goal of autoantibody-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was previously shown that plasma cells can be depleted by agents such as bortezomib (Bz) or by blocking LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. However, they regenerate quickly after depletion due to B cell hyperactivity in autoimmune conditions. Therefore, we compared different therapies for the elimination of LLPCs combined with selective B-cell targeting in order to identify the most effective treatment to eliminate LLPCs and prevent their regeneration in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice.
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111
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Mellado M, Martínez-Muñoz L, Cascio G, Lucas P, Pablos JL, Rodríguez-Frade JM. T Cell Migration in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 26284069 PMCID: PMC4515597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in joints, associated with synovial hyperplasia and with bone and cartilage destruction. Although the primacy of T cell-related events early in the disease continues to be debated, there is strong evidence that autoantigen recognition by specific T cells is crucial to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid synovitis. In addition, T cells are key components of the immune cell infiltrate detected in the joints of RA patients. Initial analysis of the cytokines released into the synovial membrane showed an imbalance, with a predominance of proinflammatory mediators, indicating a deleterious effect of Th1 T cells. There is nonetheless evidence that Th17 cells also play an important role in RA. T cells migrate from the bloodstream to the synovial tissue via their interactions with the endothelial cells that line synovial postcapillary venules. At this stage, selectins, integrins, and chemokines have a central role in blood cell invasion of synovial tissue, and therefore in the intensity of the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms involved in T cell attraction to the joint, the proteins involved in their extravasation from blood vessels, and the signaling pathways activated. Knowledge of these processes will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism by which the systemic immune response causes local joint disorders and will help to provide a molecular basis for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Graciela Cascio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
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112
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Prasad LK, O’Mary H, Cui Z. Nanomedicine delivers promising treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2063-74. [PMID: 26084368 PMCID: PMC4552357 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased understanding in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, reveals that the diseased tissue and the increased presence of macrophages and other overexpressed molecules within the tissue can be exploited to enhance the delivery of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine can passively accumulate into chronic inflammatory tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon, or be surface conjugated with a ligand to actively bind to receptors overexpressed by cells within chronic inflammatory tissues, leading to increased efficacy and reduced systemic side-effects. This review highlights the research conducted over the past decade on using nanomedicine for potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and summarizes some of the major findings and promising opportunities on using nanomedicine to treat this prevalent and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kumari Prasad
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hannah O’Mary
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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113
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Milstone DS, Ilyama M, Chen M, O'Donnell P, Davis VM, Plutzky J, Brown JD, Haldar SM, Siu A, Lau AC, Zhu SN, Basheer MF, Collins T, Jongstra-Bilen J, Cybulsky MI. Differential role of an NF-κB transcriptional response element in endothelial versus intimal cell VCAM-1 expression. Circ Res 2015; 117:166-77. [PMID: 26034041 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.306666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human and murine Vcam1 promoters contain 2 adjacent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-binding elements. Both are essential for cytokine-induced transcription of transiently transfected promoter-reporter constructs. However, the relevance of these insights to regulation of the endogenous Vcam1 gene and to pathophysiological processes in vivo remained unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine the role of the 5' NF-κB-binding element in expression of the endogenous Vcam1 gene. METHODS AND RESULTS Homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells was used to inactivate the 5' NF-κB element in the Vcam1 promoter and alter 3 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region to allow direct comparison of wild-type versus mutant allele RNA expression and chromatin configuration in heterozygous mice. Systemic treatment with inflammatory cytokines or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) induced lower expression of the mutant allele relative to wild-type by endothelial cells in the aorta, heart, and lungs. The mutant allele also showed lower endothelial expression in 2-week atherosclerotic lesions in Vcam1 heterozygous/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of heart showed diminished lipopolysaccharide-induced association of RNA polymerase 2 and NF-κB p65 with the mutant promoter. In contrast, expression of mutant and wild-type alleles was comparable in intimal cells of wire-injured carotid artery and 4- to 12-week atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights differences between in vivo and in vitro promoter analyses, and reveals a differential role for a NF-κB transcriptional response element in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression induced by inflammatory cytokines or a cholesterol-rich diet versus intimal cell expression in atherosclerotic lesions and injured arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Milstone
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.).
| | - Motoi Ilyama
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Mian Chen
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Peter O'Donnell
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Vannessa M Davis
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Allan Siu
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Andrew C Lau
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Su-Ning Zhu
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Mayada F Basheer
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Tucker Collins
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- From the Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (D.S.M., P.O.D., V.M.D., T.C.) and Cardiovascular Division (J.P., J.D.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Advanced Diagnostics Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.I., M.C., A.S., A.C.L., S.-N.Z., M.F.B., J.J.-B., M.I.C.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M.I.); Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.M.H.); and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.).
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114
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Erdemir EO, Hendek MK, Keceli HG, Apan TZ. Crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-8, interleukin-17 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after regenerative periodontal therapy. Eur J Dent 2015; 9:60-65. [PMID: 25713486 PMCID: PMC4319302 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.149644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of regenerative periodontal therapy on clinical parameters and interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-17 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients received demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) surgically to the site of infrabony defect. Clinical periodontal indices were recorded, and GCF samples were collected at baseline and at the 6th and the 9th month after the surgery. Results: Except plaque index, all clinical parameters improved following surgery (P < 0.05). The volume of GCF diminished from baseline to follow-up periods (P < 0.05). However, no effect was observed on the total amount of IL-8, IL-17 and sICAM-1 in GCF. Conclusion: DFDBA improved clinical outcome in CP subjects and was effective on decreasing the volume of GCF, but no effect was determined on IL-8, IL-17 and sICAM-1. Findings did not indicate a direct relationship between biochemical parameters and periodontal healing after demineralized freeze-dried bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Olgun Erdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Karsiyaka Hendek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - H Gencay Keceli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Teoman Z Apan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Merkez, Kirikkale, Turkiye
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Ogura N, Kondoh T. Molecular aspects in inflammatory events of temporomandibular joint: Microarray-based identification of mediators. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Host ICAMs play a role in cell invasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6049. [PMID: 25586702 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and participate in diverse cellular processes including host-pathogen interactions. ICAM-1 is expressed on various cell types including macrophages, whereas ICAM-4 is restricted to red blood cells. Here we report the identification of an 11-kDa synthetic protein, M5, that binds to human ICAM-1 and ICAM-4, as shown by in vitro interaction studies, surface plasmon resonance and immunolocalization. M5 greatly inhibits the invasion of macrophages and erythrocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of ICAM-1 expression also results in reduced M. tuberculosis invasion of macrophages. ICAM-4 binds to P. falciparum merozoites, and the addition of recombinant ICAM-4 to parasite cultures blocks invasion of erythrocytes by newly released merozoites. Our results indicate that ICAM-1 and ICAM-4 play roles in host cell invasion by M. tuberculosis and P. falciparum, respectively, either as receptors or as crucial accessory molecules.
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117
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Liu Y, Shao LL, Pang W, Lan XM, Lu JX, Cong YL, Wang CB. Induction of adhesion molecule expression in co-culture of human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils suppressed by puerarin via down-regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 20:360-8. [PMID: 24122632 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system, assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these adhesion molecules expressions, and explore the roles of two crucial signal-transduction elements p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in modulating adhesion molecules expressions. METHODS Neutrophils and BEAS-2B cells (one human bronchial epithelial cell line) were co-cultured, and adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor κB were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS In co-culture system, adhesion molecules expressions on BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were also increased greatly. Moreover, the pretreatment of peurarin obviously suppressed adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface. Furthermore, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor κB in BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were elevated in co-culture system, but decreased significantly after upon the treatment of peurarin (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Coculture boosted the interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils mimicking airway inflflammation, whereas peurarin decreased the expression of adhesion molecules on cell surface by suppressing the activities of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and exhibiting its anti-inflflammation activity.
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Abstract
There is no "response" in either the innate or adaptive immune response unless leukocytes cross blood vessels. They do this through the process of diapedesis, in which the leukocyte moves in ameboid fashion through tightly apposed endothelial borders (paracellular transmigration) and in some cases through the endothelial cell itself (transcellular migration). This review summarizes the steps leading up to diapedesis, then focuses on the molecules and mechanisms responsible for transendothelial migration. Surprisingly, many of the same molecules and mechanisms that regulate paracellular migration also control transcellular migration, including a major role for membrane from the recently described lateral border recycling compartment. A hypothesis that integrates the various known mechanisms of transmigration is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Moutsopoulos NM, Konkel J, Sarmadi M, Eskan MA, Wild T, Dutzan N, Abusleme L, Zenobia C, Hosur KB, Abe T, Uzel G, Chen W, Chavakis T, Holland SM, Hajishengallis G. Defective neutrophil recruitment in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I disease causes local IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:229ra40. [PMID: 24670684 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I), a disease syndrome associated with frequent microbial infections, is caused by mutations on the CD18 subunit of β₂ integrins. LAD-I is invariably associated with severe periodontal bone loss, which historically has been attributed to the lack of neutrophil surveillance of the periodontal infection. We provide an alternative mechanism by showing that the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays a major role in the oral pathology of LAD-I. Defective neutrophil recruitment in LAD-I patients or in LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-deficient mice--which exhibit the LAD-I periodontal phenotype--was associated with excessive production of predominantly T cell-derived IL-17 in the periodontal tissue, although innate lymphoid cells also contributed to pathological IL-17 elevation in the LFA-1-deficient mice. Local treatment with antibodies to IL-17 or IL-23 in LFA-1-deficient mice not only blocked inflammatory periodontal bone loss but also caused a reduction in the total bacterial burden, suggesting that the IL-17-driven pathogenesis of LAD-I periodontitis leads to dysbiosis. Therefore, our findings support an IL-17-targeted therapy for periodontitis in LAD-I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Oral Immunity and Infection Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wang Y, Shu Y, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Kanekura T, Li Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Lu Q, Xiao R. Hypomethylation and overexpression of ITGAL (CD11a) in CD4(+) T cells in systemic sclerosis. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:25. [PMID: 25414732 PMCID: PMC4237764 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis and etiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are complex and poorly understood. To date, several studies have demonstrated that the activation of the immune system undoubtedly plays a pivotal role in SSc pathogenesis. Activated immune effector T cells contribute to the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and drive the SSc-specific autoantibody responses. This, and a profibrotic environment, are all-important components of abnormal active immune responses that can lead to pathological disorders of SSc. CD11a is essential to inflammatory and immune responses, regulating adhesive and co-stimulatory interactions between CD4+ T cells and other cells. Although CD11a is overexpressed in SSc patients, the mechanisms leading to this overexpression and its consequences remain unclear. DNA methylation, a main epigenetic modification, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This work aims to investigate the effect of DNA demethylation on CD11a expression in SSc CD4+ T cells and to determine its functional significance. CD11a expression was measured using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Bisulfite sequencing was used to determine the methylation status of the CD11a regulatory region. CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells, B cells, or fibroblasts with and without anti-CD11a, and proliferation of CD4+ T cells, IgG production by B cells, and expression levels of COL1A2 mRNA by fibroblasts were evaluated. Results Elevated CD11a expression levels were observed in CD4+ T cells from SSc patients; these levels were found to be positively correlated with disease activity. The methylation levels of the CD11a regulatory sequences were lower in SSc patients than in controls and inversely correlated with CD11a mRNA expression. Treatment of CD4+ T cells with 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) decreased CD11a promoter methylation and caused CD11a overexpression. SSc CD4+ T cells and 5-azaC-treated CD4+ T cells showed increased proliferation of CD4+ T cells, increased production of IgG by co-cultured B cells, and induced expression of COL1A2 mRNA by co-cultured fibroblasts. These stimulatory effects were abrogated by anti-CD11a. Conclusions Demethylation of CD11a regulatory elements and subsequent CD11a overexpression in CD4+ T cells may mediate immunological abnormalities and fibrotic processes in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaoYao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China ; Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016 China
| | - Ye Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Zi-Yuan Road, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - YangFan Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520 Japan
| | - YaPing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - JiuCun Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China ; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - QianJin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China ; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha, 410011 China
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Chigaev A, Smagley Y, Haynes MK, Ursu O, Bologa CG, Halip L, Oprea T, Waller A, Carter MB, Zhang Y, Wang W, Buranda T, Sklar LA. FRET detection of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 conformational extension. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:43-54. [PMID: 25378583 PMCID: PMC4279228 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte function–associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and its ligands are essential for immune cell interactions. LFA-1 is regulated through conformational changes. The relationship between molecular conformation and function is unclear. Förster resonance energy transfer is used to assess LFA-1 conformation under real-time signaling conditions. Lymphocyte function–associated antigen 1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18, αLβ2-integrin) and its ligands are essential for adhesion between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells, formation of the immunological synapse, and other immune cell interactions. LFA-1 function is regulated through conformational changes that include the modulation of ligand binding affinity and molecular extension. However, the relationship between molecular conformation and function is unclear. Here fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with new LFA-1–specific fluorescent probes showed that triggering of the pathway used for T-cell activation induced rapid unquenching of the FRET signal consistent with extension of the molecule. Analysis of the FRET quenching at rest revealed an unexpected result that can be interpreted as a previously unknown LFA-1 conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark K Haynes
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Oleg Ursu
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Cristian G Bologa
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Liliana Halip
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara 300223, Romania
| | - Tudor Oprea
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Anna Waller
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Mark B Carter
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | | | - Larry A Sklar
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, and
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Gupta A, Espinosa V, Galusha LE, Rahimian V, Miro KL, Rivera-Medina A, Kasinathan C, Capitle E, Aguila HA, Kachlany SC. Expression and targeting of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on white blood cells for treatment of allergic asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:439-46. [PMID: 25341726 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5hi0414-196r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that results from an exaggerated inflammatory response in the airways. Environment stimuli, such as pollen and HDM, cause activation and migration of inflammatory WBCs into the respiratory tract, where they cause lung damage. Migration of these WBCs is dependent on the active configuration of the β2 integrin LFA-1. The experimental therapeutic agent LtxA specifically targets active LFA-1 and causes cell death. We investigated the association between LFA-1 and allergic asthma and hypothesized that targeting LFA-1 with LtxA could be an attractive strategy for treatment of the condition. We examined LFA-1 (CD11a) levels on PBMCs from patients with allergic asthma compared with healthy controls. Patients exhibited a significantly higher percentage of PBMCs expressing LFA-1 than healthy controls. Furthermore, the level of LFA-1 expression on patient PBMCs was greater than on healthy PBMCs. We identified a unique cellular population in patients that consisted of CD4(-) CD11a(hi) cells. We also evaluated LtxA in a HDM extract-induced mouse model for allergic asthma. LtxA caused resolution of disease in mice, as demonstrated by a decrease in BALF WBCs, a reduction in pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling, and a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-17F, and IL-23α in lung tissue. LFA-1 may serve as an important marker in allergic asthma, and the elimination of activated WBCs by use of LtxA could be a viable therapeutic strategy for treating patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukriti Gupta
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lindsey E Galusha
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vahid Rahimian
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katie L Miro
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amariliz Rivera-Medina
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Kasinathan
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eugenio Capitle
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helen A Aguila
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Scott C Kachlany
- *Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Departments of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Division of Allergy and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; and Actinobac Biomed, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a high mortality rate owing to aggressive proliferation and metastasis and a lack of effective therapeutic options. Herein, we describe the overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human TNBC cell lines and tissues, and demonstrate that ICAM-1 is a potential molecular target and biomarker for TNBC therapy and diagnosis. We synthesized ICAM-1 antibody-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles (ICAM-IONPs) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe to evaluate tumor targeting. Quantitative analysis of ICAM-1 surface expression predicted the targeting capability of ICAM-IONPs to TNBC cells. MRI of the TNBC xenograft tumor after systemic administration of ICAM-IONPs, coupled with iron quantification and histology, demonstrated a significant and sustained MRI contrast enhancement and probe accumulation in tumors with ICAM-1 overexpression relative to control. Identification of ICAM-1 as a TNBC target and biomarker may lead to the development of a new strategy and platform for addressing a critical gap in TNBC patient care.
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Park SR, Park KS, Park YJ, Bang D, Lee ES. CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Behçet's disease in Koreans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:398-404. [PMID: 25155097 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of Behçet's disease (BD) show vascular infiltrates of immune cells expressing integrins. β2 integrins (CD11/CD18) play a major role in cell migration to the inflammatory lesion and also induce cytokine production. Thus, genetic polymorphisms of CD11/CD18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of BD. In this study, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and haplotype analysis in 305 BD patients and 266 healthy controls. The frequencies of genotype rs11574944 CC and haplotype rs11574944C-rs2230433G-rs8058823A in CD11a were significantly lower in BD patients. The frequencies of genotype rs2230429 CC, rs2929 GG, and haplotype rs2230429C-rs2929G in CD11c were higher in BD patients. The frequencies of genotype rs235326CC and haplotype rs2070946A-rs235326C-rs760456G-rs684G in CD18 were significantly higher in the BD patients than in the controls. Other SNPs in CD11a, CD11c, and CD18 gene were not significantly different. Therefore, the major genotype and haplotype of CD11a/CD18 may play a role in decreasing the susceptibility of BD, whereas the major genotype and haplotype of CD11c/CD18 may play a role in increasing the susceptibility of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Park
- School of Biological Science and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Halpert G, Sredni B. The effect of the novel tellurium compound AS101 on autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:1230-5. [PMID: 25153485 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tellurium is a rare element, which has been regarded as a non-essential trace element despite its relative abundance in the human body. The chemistry of tellurium supports a plethora of activities, but its biochemistry is not clearly established to date. The small tellurium(IV) compound, ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate (AS101) developed and initially investigated by us, is currently being evaluated in Phase II clinical trials in psoriasis patients. AS101 is the first tellurium compound to be tested for clinical efficacy. This compound is a potent immunomodulator both in vitro and in vivo with a variety of potential therapeutic applications. The present review will focus on the immunomodulatory properties of AS101, and specifically, its effects in mitigating autoimmune diseases. AS101 has several activities that act on the immune system, including: 1) its ability to reduce IL-17 levels and to inhibit the function of Th17 cells; 2) its specific unique redox-modulating activities enabling the inhibition of specific leukocyte integrins such as α4β1 and α4β7, that are pivotal for diapedesis of macrophages and CD4(+) T inflammatory/auto-reactive cells into the autoimmune tissues; and 3) its ability to enhance the activity of regulatory T cells (Treg). These activities coupled with its excellent safety profile suggest that AS101 may be a promising candidate for the management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Halpert
- C.A.I.R. Institute, The Safdié AIDS and Immunology Research Center, The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Benjamin Sredni
- C.A.I.R. Institute, The Safdié AIDS and Immunology Research Center, The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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Yang CR, Shih KS, Liou JP, Wu YW, Hsieh IN, Lee HY, Lin TC, Wang JH. Denbinobin upregulates miR-146a expression and attenuates IL-1β-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1147-58. [PMID: 25052989 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OA-FLS) via nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated mechanism; enhancement of leukocyte infiltration and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators play a crucial role in OA pathophysiology. MicroRNA (miR)-146a suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activity and target gene expression, and epigenetic mechanisms are reportedly involved in miR expression regulation. Here, we aimed to verify the inhibition of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression in OA-FLS on denbinobin treatment and to determine whether this inhibition was due to the miR-146a-dependent pathway. We also assessed the epigenetic regulation caused by histone acetyltransferases involved in denbinobin action. Denbinobin attenuated the upregulation of IL-1β-induced ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to OA-FLS. The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of denbinobin involved miR-146a induction, which in turn inhibited NF-κB signaling. This is because miR-146a inhibitor abrogated the inhibitory effects of denbinobin. Furthermore, histone acetyltransferase inhibitor attenuated the denbinobin-induced upregulation of miR-146a expression and inhibited the acetylation of NF-κB-binding sites located within the miR-146a promoter region. These data suggest that an epigenetic mechanism plays a crucial role in the upregulation of miR-146a expression in response to denbinobin treatment. Our overall findings suggest that denbinobin can be used as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. KEY MESSAGE Denbinobin inhibited IL-1β-induced ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to OA-FLS. It was due to denbinobin increased miR-146a level, which in turn inhibited NF-κB signaling. Our overall findings suggest that denbinobin can be used as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ron Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Shang Shih
- Orthopedic Department, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95, Wenchang Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Road, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ni Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chakraborty S, Núñez D, Hu SY, Domingo MP, Pardo J, Karmenyan A, Chiou A. FRET based quantification and screening technology platform for the interactions of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102572. [PMID: 25032811 PMCID: PMC4102529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a pivotal role in cellular adhesion including the extravasation and inflammatory response of leukocytes, and also in the formation of immunological synapse. However, irregular expressions of LFA-1 or ICAM-1 or both may lead to autoimmune diseases, metastasis cancer, etc. Thus, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases. Here, we developed one simple 'in solution' steady state fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique to obtain the dissociation constant (Kd) of the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1. Moreover, we developed the assay into a screening platform to identify peptides and small molecules that inhibit the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. For the FRET pair, we used Alexa Fluor 488-LFA-1 conjugate as donor and Alexa Fluor 555-human recombinant ICAM-1 (D1-D2-Fc) as acceptor. From our quantitative FRET analysis, the Kd between LFA-1 and D1-D2-Fc was determined to be 17.93±1.34 nM. Both the Kd determination and screening assay were performed in a 96-well plate platform, providing the opportunity to develop it into a high-throughput assay. This is the first reported work which applies FRET based technique to determine Kd as well as classifying inhibitors of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Núñez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shih-Yang Hu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julian Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I+D Foundation, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragón, Aragón I+D Foundation, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Artashes Karmenyan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eva Ma Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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128
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Toutounchian JJ, Steinle JJ, Makena PS, Waters CM, Wilson MW, Haik BG, Miller DD, Yates CR. Modulation of radiation injury response in retinal endothelial cells by quinic acid derivative KZ-41 involves p38 MAPK. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100210. [PMID: 24956278 PMCID: PMC4067294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the retina triggers leukostasis, retinal endothelial cell (REC) death, and subsequent hypoxia. Resultant ischemia leads to visual loss and compensatory retinal neovascularization (RNV). Using human RECs, we demonstrated that radiation induced leukocyte adhesion through mechanisms involving p38MAPK, p53, and ICAM-1 activation. Additional phenotypic changes included p38MAPK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion scaffolding protein, paxillin (Tyr118). The quinic acid derivative KZ-41 lessened leukocyte adhesion and paxillin-dependent proliferation via inhibition of p38MAPK-p53-ICAM-1 signaling. Using the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, we examined the effect of KZ-41 on pathologic RNV. Daily ocular application of a KZ-41-loaded nanoemulsion significantly reduced both the avascular and neovascular areas in harvested retinal flat mounts when compared to the contralateral eye receiving vehicle alone. Our data highlight the potential benefit of KZ-41 in reducing both the retinal ischemia and neovascularization provoked by genotoxic insults. Further research into how quinic acid derivatives target and mitigate inflammation is needed to fully appreciate their therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory retinal vasculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Toutounchian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jena J. Steinle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Patrudu S. Makena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Barrett G. Haik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Yates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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129
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Yang CC, Chang SF, Chao JK, Lai YL, Chang WE, Hsu WH, Kuo WH. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion stimulated by adipokine resistin. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:112. [PMID: 24555415 PMCID: PMC3936704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistin, adipocyte-secreting adipokine, may play critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on HCC adhesion to the endothelium, and the mechanism underlying these resistin effects. Methods Human SK-Hep1 cells were used to study the effect of resistin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions as well as NF-κB activation, and hence cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects. Results Treatment with resistin increased the adhesion of SK-Hep1 cells to HUVECs and concomitantly induced NF-κB activation, as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in SK-Hep1 cells. Using specific blocking antibodies and siRNAs, we found that resistin-induced SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was through NF-κB-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Moreover, treatment with AICAR demonstrated that AMPK activation in SK-Hep1 cells significantly attenuates the resistin effect on SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs. Conclusions These results clarify the role of resistin in inducing HCC adhesion to the endothelium and demonstrate the inhibitory effect of AMPK activation under the resistin stimulation. Our findings provide a notion that resistin play an important role to promote HCC metastasis and implicate AMPK may be a therapeutic target to against HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wu-Hsien Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed-Forces Hualien General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan.
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Wu SH, Núnez D, Hu SY, Domingo MP, Chen YC, Wei PK, Pardo J, Gálvez EM, Chiou A. The effect of acidic pH on the inhibitory efficacy of peptides against the interaction ICAM-1/LFA-1 studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:159-66. [PMID: 24487103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptides have been developed for therapeutic applications for decades. The therapeutic efficacy often depends not only on the stabilization of the peptides but also on their binding specificity and affinity to the target molecules to interfere with designated molecular interaction. In this study, the binding affinity of human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) chimera and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) derived peptides was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection, and the results were compared with that of the interaction (of ICAM-1) with the LFA-1 whole protein. To mimic diverse pathological situations in vivo where a low pH has been reported, we studied pH regulated binding affinity of ICAM-1/LFA-1 at pH 7.4, 6.5, and 4.0 without and with magnesium ion. We have found that the binding affinity of LFA-1 whole protein and ICAM-1 increases significantly as the environmental pH decreases, regardless of the absence or the presence of magnesium ion. The affinity of different (LFA-1) derived peptides also depends on the pH, although in all cases the peptides retain its ability to inhibit ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction. The biomedical relevance of these data has been confirmed using a cell aggregation assay, suggesting that LFA-1 derived peptides show great potential for peptide drug development with a wide functional window of pH range for potential applications in LFA-1 related tumor therapy and autoimmune disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - David Núnez
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Fac. Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Shih-Yang Hu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Julián Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Fac. Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza 50004, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Eva M Gálvez
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.
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131
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Tellurium compound AS101 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by VLA-4 inhibition and suppression of monocyte and T cell infiltration into the CNS. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:292-307. [PMID: 24272426 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) involving demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. Several of the major pathological CNS alterations and behavioral deficits of MS are recapitulated in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model in which the disease process is induced by administration of myelin peptides. Development of EAE requires infiltration of inflammatory cytokine-generating monocytes and macrophages, and auto-reactive T cells, into the CNS. Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, α4β1) is an integrin molecule that plays a role in inflammatory responses by facilitating the migration of leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory disease, and antibodies against VLA-4 exhibit therapeutic efficacy in mouse and monkey MS models. Here, we report that the tellurium compound AS101 (ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-o,o') tellurate) ameliorates EAE by inhibiting monocyte and T cell infiltration into the CNS. CD49d is an alpha subunit of the VLA-4 (α4β1) integrin. During the peak stage of EAE, AS101 treatment effectively ameliorated the disease process by reducing the number of CD49d(+) inflammatory monocyte/macrophage cells in the spinal cord. AS101 treatment markedly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. In contrast, AS101 treatment did not affect the peripheral populations of CD11b(+) monocytes and macrophages. AS101 treatment reduced the infiltration of CD4(+) and CD49(+)/VLA4 T cells. In addition, treatment of T cells from MS patients with AS101 resulted in apoptosis, while such treatment did not affect T cells from healthy donors. These results suggest that AS101 reduces accumulation of leukocytes in the CNS by inhibiting the activity of the VLA-4 integrin and provide a rationale for the potential use of Tellurium IV compounds for the treatment of MS.
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Bianchi E, Magliulo G, Marcotullio D, Taurone S, Ierinò R, Pompili E, Fumagalli L, Parnigotto P, Di Liddo R, Articò M. Inflammatory Profile of Neurotrophins, IL-6, IL1-β, TNF-α, VEGF, ICAM-1 and TGF-β in the Human Waldeyer's Ring. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) and lingual tonsil constitute the major part of Waldeyer's ring, with the tubal tonsils and lateral pharyngeal bands as less prominent components. The lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer's ring is located at the gateway of the respiratory and alimentary tract and belongs to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Mucosae-associated lymphoid tissues are richly innervated and the mucosae contain peptidergic nerve endings associated with different types of cells and macrophages. The lymphatic tissue is known to interact with the nervous system and several organs implicated in the host response to a wide range of stressors. This study focuses on the expression of some neurotrophins (NTs), their high- and low-affinity receptors in human adenoid tissues, lingual and palatine tonsils via immunohistochemical analysis, as well as on the expression of some inflammatory cytokines and other tissue growth factors. Light microscopy immunohistochemistry showed human samples to be generally positive for all the NTs investigated (NGF, BDNF, NT-3) and their receptors (TrKA, TrKB and TrKC) with some different expression levels. IL-6, IL1-b, TNF-α, VEGF, ICAM-1 and TGF-b were also investigated by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest the presence of a pattern of neurotrophic innervation in the human lymphatic tissues which may play a role in sustaining inflammatory conditions and in modulating a close interaction between the nervous system and the different immune cellular subtypes. Our data also corroborate previous studies, suggesting that neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines may mediate functional signals in lymphoid aggregates. In this context, owing to their widespread expression in immune organs and immunocompetent cells, NTs and inflammatory cytokines are potential candidates for a prominent role in the regulation of immune and neuroimmune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Bianchi
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Magliulo
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Marcotullio
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Taurone
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Ierinò
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Pompili
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medico-legal and Locomotor System Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Fumagalli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medico-legal and Locomotor System Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P.P. Parnigotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R. Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Articò
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cavalcanti AC, Melo IC, Medeiros AF, Neves MV, Pereira AN, Oliveira EJ. Studies with Cissampelos sympodialis: the search towards the scientific validation of a traditional Brazilian medicine used for the treatment of asthma. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liezmann C, Stock D, Peters EMJ. Stress induced neuroendocrine-immune plasticity: A role for the spleen in peripheral inflammatory disease and inflammaging? DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 4:271-9. [PMID: 23467333 PMCID: PMC3583888 DOI: 10.4161/derm.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has revealed close interaction between the nervous and immune systems in regulation of peripheral inflammation linking psychosocial stress with chronic somatic disease and aging. Moreover emerging data suggests that chronic inflammations lead to a pro-inflammatory status underlying premature aging called inflammaging. In this context, the spleen can be seen as a switch board monitoring peripherally derived neuroendocrine-immune mediators in the blood and keeping up a close communication with the central stress response via its mainly sympathetic innervation. The effect aims at balanced and well-timed stress axis activation and immune adaptation in acute peripheral inflammatory events. Constant adjustment to the needs generated by environmental and endogenous challenges is provided by neuroendocrine-immune plasticity. However, maladaptive plasticity induced e.g., by chronic stress-axis activation and excessive non-neuronal derived neuroendocrine mediators may be at the heart of the observed stress sensitivity promote inflammaging under chronic inflammatory conditions. We here review the role of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and neurotrophins as stress mediators modulating the immune response in the spleen and their potential role in inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Liezmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine; Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory; Justus-Liebig University; Giessen, Germany
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135
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Soni A, Rehman A, Naik K, Dastidar S, Alam M, Ray A, Chaira T, Shah V, Palle VP, Cliffe IA, Sattigeri VJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 4,5-dihydro-5-methylisoxazolin-5-carboxamide derivatives as VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1482-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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136
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Cho EJ, Shin JS, Chung KS, Lee YS, Cho YW, Baek NI, Chung HG, Lee KT. Arvelexin inhibits colonic inflammation by suppression of NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice and TNF-α-induced colonic epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7398-7407. [PMID: 22794033 DOI: 10.1021/jf3009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the anti-inflammatory effects of arvelexin isolated from Brassica rapa in macrophages. In the present study, the effects of arvelexin were investigated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and in a cellular model. In the DSS-induced colitis model, arvelexin significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed by disease activity, colonic damage, neutrophil infiltration, and levels of colonic iNOS. Moreover, arvelexin inhibited the expressions of IL-8, IP-10, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Arvelexin also inhibited the TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to HT-29 cells. Furthermore, arvelexin reduced p65 NF-κB subunit translocation to the nucleus and IκBα degradation in the colonic tissues and in TNF-α-induced HT-29 cells. These results demonstrate that the ameliorative effects of arvelexin on colonic injury are mainly related to its ability to inhibit the inflammatory responses via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
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Wu X, Schauss AG. Mitigation of inflammation with foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6703-6717. [PMID: 22468569 DOI: 10.1021/jf3007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Constant overproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules leads to chronic inflammation. Unlike acute inflammation, which is essential for healing, chronic inflammation can delay healing and, if left unchecked, contribute to a host of diseases. There is growing evidence that some dietary factors can play important roles in maintaining health and even reversing the progression of chronic diseases, with anti-inflammatory effects as important underlying mechanism. Such findings add to the body of evidence that certain dietary components, including polyphenols and other types of compounds, found in various dietary factors including fruits, berries, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and foods of marine origin, can play an important role in attenuating and mitigating chronic pro-inflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
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Li H, Peng W, Jian W, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Xu Y. ROCK inhibitor fasudil attenuated high glucose-induced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:65. [PMID: 22694757 PMCID: PMC3461463 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that the RhoA/ROCK pathway may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate whether ROCK inhibitor fasudil could prevent high glucose-induced monocyte-endothelial cells adhesion, and whether this was related to fasudil effects on vascular endothelial cell expression of chemotactic factors, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Methods HUVECs were stimulated with high glucose (HG) or HG + fasudil in different concentration or different time. Monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was determined using fluorescence-labeled monocytes. The mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured using real-time PCR and western blot. The protein levels of RhoA, ROCKI and p-MYPT were determined using western blot analysis. ELISA was employed to measure the expression of soluble VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in cell supernatants and human serum samples. Results Fasudil significantly suppressed HG-induced adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs. Fasudil reduced Rho/ROCK activity (as indicated by lower p-MYPT/MYPT ratio), and prevented HG induced increases in VCAM-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Fasudil also decreased MCP-1 concentration in HUVEC supernatants, but increased sVCAM-1 shedding into the media. In human diabetic subjects, 2 weeks of fasudil treatment significantly decreased serum MCP-1 level from 27.9 ± 10.6 pg/ml to 13.8 ± 7.0 pg/ml (P < 0.05), while sVCAM-1 increased from 23.2 ± 7.5 ng/ml to 39.7 ± 5.6 ng/ml after fasudil treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with the Rho/ROCK pathway inhibitor fasudil attenuated HG-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, possibly by reducing endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1. These results suggest inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling may have therapeutic potential in preventing diabetes associated vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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139
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Bugelski PJ, Martin PL. Concordance of preclinical and clinical pharmacology and toxicology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins: cell surface targets. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:823-46. [PMID: 22168282 PMCID: PMC3417412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and fusion proteins directed towards cell surface targets make an important contribution to the treatment of disease. The purpose of this review was to correlate the clinical and preclinical data on the 15 currently approved mAbs and fusion proteins targeted to the cell surface. The principal sources used to gather data were: the peer reviewed Literature; European Medicines Agency 'Scientific Discussions'; and the US Food and Drug Administration 'Pharmacology/Toxicology Reviews' and package inserts (United States Prescribing Information). Data on the 15 approved biopharmaceuticals were included: abatacept; abciximab; alefacept; alemtuzumab; basiliximab; cetuximab; daclizumab; efalizumab; ipilimumab; muromonab; natalizumab; panitumumab; rituximab; tocilizumab; and trastuzumab. For statistical analysis of concordance, data from these 15 were combined with data on the approved mAbs and fusion proteins directed towards soluble targets. Good concordance with human pharmacodynamics was found for mice receiving surrogates or non-human primates (NHPs) receiving the human pharmaceutical. In contrast, there was poor concordance for human pharmacodynamics in genetically deficient mice and for human adverse effects in all three test systems. No evidence that NHPs have superior predictive value was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bugelski
- Biologics Toxicology, Janssen Research & Development, division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
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140
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Lawrance IC. Modifying T-cell trafficking to the intestinal as a potential management for inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:975-84. [PMID: 22612537 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.690030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are life-long chronic relapsing incurable inflammatory conditions that usually appear in the first few decades of life. There have been marked advances in the management of these conditions, but none of the currently available therapies are a panacea as they are neither universally efficacious nor will their efficacy necessarily last. There is a desperate need for new therapies that target the immunological deficits within the immune system with low side effects and long-term efficacy. AREAS COVERED Leukocyte trafficking into the intestinal mucosa is central to the inflammatory pathogenesis in both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and modification of this trafficking has the ability to reduce the level of inflammation. The α4β7 integrin heterodimer is highly expressed on the CD4(+)CD45RA-memory T-cell subpopulation located within the intestine, and these play a critical part in the pathogenesis of IBD. EXPERT OPINION By modifying the integrin and chemokine interactions with their specific receptors, inhibition of α4(+) and α4β7(+) T-cell trafficking to the sites of intestinal inflammation is possible with promising outcomes in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Craig Lawrance
- University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Centre for inflammatory Bowel Diseases, WA and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, T Block, Alma Street, Fremantle, 6059 WA, Australia.
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141
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Majumdar S, Anderson ME, Xu CR, Yakovleva TV, Gu LC, Malefyt TR, Siahaan TJ. Methotrexate (MTX)-cIBR conjugate for targeting MTX to leukocytes: conjugate stability and in vivo efficacy in suppressing rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3275-91. [PMID: 22539217 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis at low doses and leukemia at high doses; however, this drug can produce severe side effects. Our hypothesis is that MTX side effects can be attenuated by directing the drug to the target cells (i.e., leukocytes) using (cyclo(1,12)PenPRGGSVLVTGC) peptide (cIBR). To test this hypothesis, MTX was conjugated to the N-terminus of cIBR peptide to give MTX-cIBR conjugate. MTX-cIBR (5.0 mg/kg) suppressed joint arthritis in adjuvant arthritis rats and prevented periarticular inflammation and bone resorption of the limb joints. In vitro, the toxicity of MTX-cIBR peptide against Molt-3 T cells was inhibited by anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody and cIBR peptide in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the uptake of MTX-cIBR was partially mediated by LFA-1. Chemical stability studies indicated that MTX-cIBR was most stable at pH 6.0. The MTX portion of MTX-cIBR was unstable under acidic conditions, whereas the cIBR portion was unstable under basic conditions. In biological media, MTX-cIBR had short half lives in rat plasma (44 min) and homogenized rat heart tissue (38 min). This low plasma stability may contribute to the low in vivo efficacy of MTX-cIBR; therefore, there is a need to design a more stable conjugate to improve the in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratories, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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142
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Choi YS, Park JA, Kim J, Rho SS, Park H, Kim YM, Kwon YG. Nuclear IL-33 is a transcriptional regulator of NF-κB p65 and induces endothelial cell activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:305-11. [PMID: 22708120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, an IL-1 family member, acts as an extracellular cytokine by binding its cognate receptor, ST2. IL-33 is also a chromatin-binding transcriptional regulator highly expressed in the nuclei of endothelial cells. However, the function of IL-33 as a nuclear factor is poorly defined. Here, we show that IL-33 is a novel transcriptional regulator of the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex and is involved in endothelial cell activation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that IL-33 mediates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in endothelial cells basally and in response to tumor necrosis factor-a-treatment. IL-33-induced ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression was dependent on the regulatory effect of IL-33 on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway; NF-κB p65 expression was enhanced by IL-33 overexpression and, conversely, reduced by IL-33 knockdown. Moreover, NF-κB p65 promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IL-33 binds to the p65 promoter region in the nucleus. Our data provide the first evidence that IL-33 in the nucleus of endothelial cells participates in inflammatory reactions as a transcriptional regulator of NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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143
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Zhong M, Gadek TR, Bui M, Shen W, Burnier J, Barr KJ, Hanan EJ, Oslob JD, Yu CH, Zhu J, Arkin MR, Evanchik MJ, Flanagan WM, Hoch U, Hyde J, Prabhu S, Silverman JA, Wright J. Discovery and Development of Potent LFA-1/ICAM-1 Antagonist SAR 1118 as an Ophthalmic Solution for Treating Dry Eye. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:203-6. [PMID: 24900456 DOI: 10.1021/ml2002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction is essential in support of inflammatory and specific T-cell regulated immune responses by mediating cell adhesion, leukocyte extravasation, migration, antigen presentation, formation of immunological synapse, and augmentation of T-cell receptor signaling. The increase of ICAM-1 expression levels in conjunctival epithelial cells and acinar cells was observed in animal models and patients diagnosed with dry eye. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that small molecule LFA-1/ICAM-1 antagonists could be an effective topical treatment for dry eye. In this letter, we describe the discovery of a potent tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-derived LFA-1/ICAM-1 antagonist (SAR 1118) and its development as an ophthalmic solution for treating dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gadek
- SARcode Bioscience, Inc., 1000 Marina Boulevard, Suite 250, Brisbane, California
94005, United States
| | - Minna Bui
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wang Shen
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Burnier
- SARcode Bioscience, Inc., 1000 Marina Boulevard, Suite 250, Brisbane, California
94005, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Barr
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily J. Hanan
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Johan D. Oslob
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chul H. Yu
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marc J. Evanchik
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - W. Mike Flanagan
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ute Hoch
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer Hyde
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Silverman
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jasmin Wright
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 395 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San
Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Sagar D, Foss C, El Baz R, Pomper MG, Khan ZK, Jain P. Mechanisms of dendritic cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 7:74-94. [PMID: 21822588 PMCID: PMC3276728 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunoprivileged site, it is susceptible to a host of autoimmune as well as neuroinflammatory disorders owing to recruitment of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier into perivascular and parenchymal spaces. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are involved in both primary and secondary immune responses, are the most potent immune cells in terms of antigen uptake and processing as well as presentation to T cells. In light of the emerging importance of DC traficking into the CNS, these cells represent good candidates for targeted immunotherapy against various neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focuses on potential physiological events and receptor interactions between DCs and the microvascular endothelial cells of the brain as they transmigrate into the CNS during degeneration and injury. A clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in DC migration may advance the development of new therapies that manipulate these mechanistic properties via pharmacologic intervention. Furthermore, therapeutic validation should be in concurrence with the molecular imaging techniques that can detect migration of these cells in vivo. Since the use of noninvasive methods to image migration of DCs into CNS has barely been explored, we highlighted potential molecular imaging techniques to achieve this goal. Overall, information provided will bring this important leukocyte population to the forefront as key players in the immune cascade in the light of the emerging contribution of DCs to CNS health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sagar
- Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Catherine Foss
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rasha El Baz
- Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Zafar K. Khan
- Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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Weiss VL, Lee TH, Song H, Kouo TS, Black CM, Sgouros G, Jaffee EM, Armstrong TD. Trafficking of high avidity HER-2/neu-specific T cells into HER-2/neu-expressing tumors after depletion of effector/memory-like regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31962. [PMID: 22359647 PMCID: PMC3281086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer vaccines are designed to activate and enhance cancer-antigen-targeted T cells that are suppressed through multiple mechanisms of immune tolerance in cancer-bearing hosts. T regulatory cell (Treg) suppression of tumor-specific T cells is one barrier to effective immunization. A second mechanism is the deletion of high avidity tumor-specific T cells, which leaves a less effective low avidity tumor specific T cell repertoire available for activation by vaccines. Treg depleting agents including low dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) and antibodies that deplete CD25-expressing Tregs have been used with limited success to enhance the potency of tumor-specific vaccines. In addition, few studies have evaluated mechanisms that activate low avidity cancer antigen-specific T cells. Therefore, we developed high and low avidity HER-2/neu-specific TCR transgenic mouse colonies specific for the same HER-2/neu epitope to define the tolerance mechanisms that specifically affect high versus low avidity tumor-specific T cells. Methodology/Principal Findings High and low avidity CD8+ T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice specific for the breast cancer antigen HER-2/neu (neu) were developed to provide a purified source of naïve, tumor-specific T cells that can be used to study tolerance mechanisms. Adoptive transfer studies into tolerant FVB/N-derived HER-2/neu transgenic (neu-N) mice demonstrated that high avidity, but not low avidity, neu-specific T cells are inhibited by Tregs as the dominant tolerizing mechanism. High avidity T cells persisted, produced IFNγ, trafficked into tumors, and lysed tumors after adoptive transfer into mice treated with a neu-specific vaccine and low dose Cy to deplete Tregs. Analysis of Treg subsets revealed a Cy-sensitive CD4+Foxp3+CD25low tumor-seeking migratory phenotype, characteristic of effector/memory Tregs, and capable of high avidity T cell suppression. Conclusion/Significance Depletion of CD25low Tregs allows activation of tumor-clearing high avidity T cells. Thus, the development of agents that specifically deplete Treg subsets should translate into more effective immunotherapies while avoiding autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian L. Weiss
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Immunology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy H. Lee
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Song
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Theodore S. Kouo
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Immunology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M. Black
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Sgouros
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Immunology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Armstrong
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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146
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Bergstraesser C, Hoeger S, Song H, Ermantraut L, Hottenrot M, Czymai T, Schmidt M, Goebeler M, Ponelies N, Stich C, Loesel R, Molema G, Seelen M, van Son W, Yard BA, Rafat N. Inhibition of VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by CORM-3: the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, p38, and mitochondrial respiration. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:794-802. [PMID: 22210380 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) abrogates TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses in endothelial cells, yet the underlying mechanism thereof is still elusive. We have previously shown that the anti-inflammatory effect of CO-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is not completely mediated via deactivation of the NF-κB pathway. In this study, we sought to explore other potential mechanisms by which CORM-3 downregulates VCAM-1 expression on TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. By genome-wide gene expression profiling and pathway analysis we studied the relevance of particular pathways for the anti-inflammatory effect of CORM-3. In CORM-3-stimulated HUVECs significant changes in expression were found for genes implicated in the proteasome and porphyrin pathways. Although proteasome activities were increased by CORM-3, proteasome inhibitors did not abolish the effect of CORM-3. Likewise, heme oxygenase-1 inhibitors did not abrogate the ability of CORM-3 to downregulate VCAM-1 expression. Interestingly, CORM-3 inhibited MAPK p38, and the p38 inhibitor SB203580 downregulated VCAM-1 expression. However, downregulation of VCAM-1 by CORM-3 occurred only at concentrations that partly inhibit ATP production and sodium azide and oligomycin paralleled the effect of CORM-3 in this regard. Our results indicate that CORM-3-induced downregulation of VCAM-1 is mediated via p38 inhibition and mitochondrial respiration, whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome system seems not to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bergstraesser
- Fifth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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147
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Affinity of the alpha4-beta1 integrin-targeting peptide LLP2A to canine lymphoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 145:298-304. [PMID: 22177114 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is an important disease in dogs and people, with similar biological characteristics. We tested the binding affinity of a peptidomimetic LLP2A, previously shown to bind the alpha4-beta1 integrin on human lymphoma cell lines, to lymphocytes of dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. Fine needle aspirates of lymph nodes from 32 dogs with B-cell lymphoma and 7 dogs with T-cell lymphoma were evaluated using flow cytometry. For B cells, the lowest MFI levels were in unlabeled, non-neoplastic lymphocytes. The highest median fluorescent intensity (MFI) levels occurred in LLP2A-labeled lymphoma cells from dogs that had not received chemotherapy followed by labeled lymphoma cells from dogs that had received chemotherapy. The fluorescence profile of the T-cell samples was similar although many of the differences were not statistically significant, likely due to low sample number. Specifically, LLP2A-labeled T-cell lymphoma cells had a significantly higher MFI compared to unlabeled non-neoplastic lymphocytes. LLP2A affinity was not significantly different in unlabeled and labeled T-cell lymphoma cells, and labeled non-neoplastic lymphocytes. For both B and T cells, labeling with LLP2A tended to increase MFI in both normal and lymphoma cells. Lymphoma cells had higher mean MFI levels than non-neoplastic lymphocytes, and chemotherapy acted to decrease MFI. In summary, these data demonstrate that LLP2A has affinity to canine lymphoma cells and indicates expression of the alpha4-beta1 integrin on these cells. In fact, LLP2A preferentially binds neoplastic B-cells, suggesting that this small molecule may be of use in cross-species clinical trials of targeted therapeutics.
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148
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Hammon M, Herrmann M, Bleiziffer O, Pryymachuk G, Andreoli L, Munoz LE, Amann KU, Mondini M, Gariglio M, Airó P, Schellerer VS, Hatzopoulos AK, Horch RE, Kneser U, Stürzl M, Naschberger E. Role of guanylate binding protein-1 in vascular defects associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1582-92. [PMID: 20716116 PMCID: PMC3823202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic autoimmune disorders are characterized by a sustained pro-inflammatory microenvironment associated with impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and concomitant vascular defects. Guanylate binding protein-1 (GBP-1) is a marker and intracellular regulator of the inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cells induced by several pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GBP-1 is actively secreted by endothelial cells. In this study, significantly increased levels of GBP-1 were detected in the sera of patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly we investigated the function of GBP-1 in EPC. Interestingly, stable expression of GBP-1 in T17b EPC induced premature differentiation of these cells, as indicated by a robust up-regulation of both Flk-1 and von Willebrand factor expression. In addition, GBP-1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of EPC in vitro. We confirmed that GBP-1 inhibited vessel-directed migration of EPC at the tissue level using the rat arterio-venous loop model as a novel quantitative in vivo migration assay. Overall, our findings indicate that GBP-1 contributes to vascular dysfunction in chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting EPC angiogenic activity via the induction of premature EPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hammon
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 10, Erlangen, Germany
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149
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Glycoengineering of HCELL, the human bone marrow homing receptor: sweetly programming cell migration. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:766-76. [PMID: 22068886 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The successful clinical implementation of adoptive cell therapeutics, including bone marrow transplantation and other stem cell-based treatments, depends critically on the ability to deliver cells to sites where they are needed. E-selectin, an endothelial C-type lectin, binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants on its pertinent ligands. This molecule is expressed in a constitutive manner on bone marrow and dermal microvascular endothelium, and inducibly on post-capillary venules at all sites of tissue injury. Engagement of E-selectin with relevant ligand(s) expressed on circulating cells mediates initial "tethering/rolling" endothelial adhesive interactions prerequisite for extravasation of blood-borne cells at any target tissue. Most mammalian cells express high levels of a transmembrane glycoprotein known as CD44. A specialized glycoform of CD44 called "Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand" (HCELL) is a potent E-selectin ligand expressed on human cells. Under native conditions, HCELL expression is restricted to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We have developed a technology called "Glycosyltransferase-Programmed Stereosubstitution" (GPS) for custom-modifying CD44 glycans to create HCELL on the surface of living cells. GPS-based glycoengineering of HCELL endows cell migration to endothelial beds expressing E-selectin. Enforced HCELL expression targets human mesenchymal stem cell homing to marrow, licensing transendothelial migration without chemokine signaling via a VLA-4/VCAM-1-dependent "Step 2-bypass pathway." This review presents an historical framework of the homing receptor concept, and will describe the discovery of HCELL, its function as the bone marrow homing receptor, and how enforced expression of this molecule via chemical engineering of CD44 glycans could enable stem cell-based regenerative medicine and other adoptive cell therapeutics.
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150
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Latli B, Byrne D, Nummy L, Krishnamurthy D, Senanayake CH. Synthesis of potent lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 inhibitors labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium, part 1. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Latli
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 900 Ridgebury Road; Ridgefield; CT; 06877; USA
| | - Denis Byrne
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 900 Ridgebury Road; Ridgefield; CT; 06877; USA
| | - Larry Nummy
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 900 Ridgebury Road; Ridgefield; CT; 06877; USA
| | - Dhileepkumar Krishnamurthy
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 900 Ridgebury Road; Ridgefield; CT; 06877; USA
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 900 Ridgebury Road; Ridgefield; CT; 06877; USA
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