101
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Arango Y, Temiz Y, Gökçe O, Delamarche E. Electro-actuated valves and self-vented channels enable programmable flow control and monitoring in capillary-driven microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8305. [PMID: 32494605 PMCID: PMC7250678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics are essential for many lab-on-a-chip applications, but it is still challenging to implement a portable and programmable device that can perform an assay protocol autonomously when used by a person with minimal training. Here, we present a versatile concept toward this goal by realizing programmable liquid circuits where liquids in capillary-driven microfluidic channels can be controlled and monitored from a smartphone to perform various advanced tasks of liquid manipulation. We achieve this by combining electro-actuated valves (e-gates) with passive capillary valves and self-vented channels. We demonstrate the concept by implementing a 5-mm-diameter microfluidic clock, a chip to control four liquids using 100 e-gates with electronic feedback, and designs to deliver and merge multiple liquids sequentially or in parallel in any order and combination. This concept is scalable, compatible with high-throughput manufacturing, and can be adopted in many microfluidics-based assays that would benefit from precise and easy handling of liquids.
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102
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Mao K, Min X, Zhang H, Zhang K, Cao H, Guo Y, Yang Z. Paper-based microfluidics for rapid diagnostics and drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 322:187-199. [PMID: 32169536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paper is a common material that is promising for constructing microfluidic chips (lab-on-a-paper) for diagnostics and drug delivery for biomedical applications. In the past decade, extensive research on paper-based microfluidics has accumulated a large number of scientific publications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis, food safety, environmental health, drug screening and delivery. This review focuses on the recent progress on paper-based microfluidic technology with an emphasis on the design, optimization and application of the technology platform, in particular for medical diagnostics and drug delivery. Novel advances have concentrated on engineering paper devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which could be integrated with nucleic acid-based tests and isothermal amplification experiments, enabling rapid sample-to-answer assays for field testing. Among the isothermal amplification experiments, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), an extremely sensitive nucleic acid test, specifically identifies ultralow concentrations of DNA/RNA from practical samples for diagnosing diseases. We thus mainly focus on the paper device-based LAMP assay for the rapid infectious disease diagnosis, foodborne pathogen analysis, veterinary diagnosis, plant diagnosis, and environmental public health evaluation. We also outlined progress on paper microfluidic devices for drug delivery. The paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges of this technology and our insights into how to advance science and technology towards the development of fully functional paper devices in diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiaocui Min
- Guangzhou Huali Science and Technology Vocational College, Guangzhou 511325, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Kuankuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yongkun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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103
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Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Lee L, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. On-Chip Generation of Vortical Flows for Microfluidic Centrifugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903605. [PMID: 31535785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcentrifugation constitutes an important part of the microfluidic toolkit in a similar way that centrifugation is crucial to many macroscopic procedures, given that micromixing, sample preconcentration, particle separation, component fractionation, and cell agglomeration are essential operations in small scale processes. Yet, the dominance of capillary and viscous effects, which typically tend to retard flow, over inertial and gravitational forces, which are often useful for actuating flows and hence centrifugation, at microscopic scales makes it difficult to generate rotational flows at these dimensions, let alone with sufficient vorticity to support efficient mixing, separation, concentration, or aggregation. Herein, the various technologies-both passive and active-that have been developed to date for vortex generation in microfluidic devices are reviewed. Various advantages or limitations associated with each are outlined, in addition to highlighting the challenges that need to be overcome for their incorporation into integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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104
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Lee B, Lee JS, Yoon HJ, Hong SH, Song JK. Generation and manipulation of isotropic droplets in nematic medium using switchable dielectrophoresis. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012704. [PMID: 32069560 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a medium with anisotropic dielectric susceptibility is very different from typical DEP in an isotropic medium: The direction of particle actuation can be switched depending on the direction of the susceptibility tensor of the medium. However, the understanding of switchable DEP (SDEP) in an anisotropic medium is still in its infant stage. Here, we investigate SDEP using heat-generated isotropic droplets in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) medium. We demonstrate that the location of the generation of isotropic droplets can be partially controlled by controlling the temperature gradient within the LC cell using dielectric loss. The SDEP actuation of isotropic droplets is also highly dependent on the location of the isotropic droplets. Using this method, we fabricated different array patterns of isotropic and nematic phase separations under different applied signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Yoon
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.,Merck Performance Materials Ltd., Pyeongtaek 17956, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Kun Song
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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105
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Microbioreactors for Process Development and Cell-Based Screening Studies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:67-100. [PMID: 32712680 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as potent cultivation devices enabling automated small-scale experiments in parallel while enhancing their cost efficiency. The widespread use of MBRs has contributed to recent advances in industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology, and they have proved to be indispensable tools in the development of many modern bioprocesses. Being predominantly applied in early stage process development, they open up new fields of research and enhance the efficacy of biotechnological product development. Their reduced reaction volume is associated with numerous inherent advantages - particularly the possibility for enabling parallel screening operations that facilitate high-throughput cultivations with reduced sample consumption (or the use of rare and expensive educts). As a result, multiple variables can be examined in a shorter time and with a lower expense. This leads to a simultaneous acceleration of research and process development along with decreased costs.MBRs range from simple miniaturized cultivations vessels (i.e., in the milliliter scale with limited possibilities for process control) to highly complex and automated small-scale microreactors with integrated sensors that allow for comprehensive screenings in very short time or a precise reflection of large-scale cultivation conditions. Progressive developments and improvements in manufacturing and automation techniques are already helping researchers to make use of the advantages that MBRs offer. This overview of current MBR systems surveys the diverse application for microbial and mammalian cell cultivations that have been developed in recent years.
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106
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Liu P, Tang Q, Su S, Hu J, Yu Y. Modeling and Analysis of the Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Acoustofluidic Fields in the Probe-Type and Substrate-Type Ultrasonic Micro/Nano Manipulation Systems. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E22. [PMID: 31878198 PMCID: PMC7019555 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The probe-type and substrate-type ultrasonic micro/nano manipulation systems have proven to be two kinds of powerful tools for manipulating micro/nanoscale materials. Numerical simulations of acoustofluidic fields in these two kinds of systems can not only be used to explain and analyze the physical mechanisms of experimental phenomena, but also provide guidelines for optimization of device parameters and working conditions. However, in-depth quantitative study and analysis of acoustofluidic fields in the two ultrasonic micro/nano manipulation systems have scarcely been reported. In this paper, based on the finite element method (FEM), we numerically investigated the two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric acoustofluidic fields in the probe-type and substrate-type ultrasonic micro/nano manipulation systems by the perturbation method (PM) and Reynolds stress method (RSM), respectively. Through comparing the simulation results computed by the two methods and the experimental verifications, the feasibility and reasonability of the two methods in simulating the acoustofluidic fields in these two ultrasonic micro/nano manipulation systems have been validated. Moreover, the effects of device parameters and working conditions on the acoustofluidic fields are clarified by the simulation results and qualitatively verified by the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiang Tang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China;
| | - Songfei Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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107
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Wang Z, Huang PH, Chen C, Bachman H, Zhao S, Yang S, Huang TJ. Cell lysis via acoustically oscillating sharp edges. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4021-4032. [PMID: 31720640 PMCID: PMC6934418 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device for cell lysis using the acoustic streaming effects induced by acoustically oscillating sharp-edged structures. The acoustic streaming locally generates high shear forces that can mechanically rupture cell membranes. With the acoustic-streaming-derived shear forces, our acoustofluidic device can perform cell lysis in a continuous, reagent-free manner, with a lysis efficiency of more than 90% over a range of sample flow rates. We demonstrate that our acoustofluidic lysis device works well on both adherent and non-adherent cells. We also validate it using clinically relevant samples such as red blood cells infected with malarial parasites. Additionally, the unique capability of our acoustofluidic device was demonstrated by performing downstream protein analysis and gene profiling without additional washing steps post-lysis. Our device is simple to fabricate and operate while consuming a relatively low volume of samples. These advantages and other features including the reagent-free nature and controllable lysis efficiency make our platform valuable for many biological and biomedical applications, particularly for the development of point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Tony J Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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108
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Geng Z, Gu Y, Li S, Lin B, Liu P. A Fully Integrated In Vitro Diagnostic Microsystem for Pathogen Detection Developed Using a "3D Extensible" Microfluidic Design Paradigm. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E873. [PMID: 31842384 PMCID: PMC6953088 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is facing critical challenges in the quest of miniaturizing, integrating, and automating in vitro diagnostics, including the increasing complexity of assays, the gap between the macroscale world and the microscale devices, and the diverse throughput demands in various clinical settings. Here, a "3D extensible" microfluidic design paradigm that consists of a set of basic structures and unit operations was developed for constructing any application-specific assay. Four basic structures-check valve (in), check valve (out), double-check valve (in and out), and on-off valve-were designed to mimic basic acts in biochemical assays. By combining these structures linearly, a series of unit operations can be readily formed. We then proposed a "3D extensible" architecture to fulfill the needs of the function integration, the adaptive "world-to-chip" interface, and the adjustable throughput in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. To verify this design paradigm, we developed a fully integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification microsystem that can directly accept swab samples and detect Chlamydia trachomatis automatically with a sensitivity one order higher than that of the conventional kit. This demonstration validated the feasibility of using this paradigm to develop integrated and automated microsystems in a less risky and more consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yin Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- FengteBio Corporation, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- FengteBio Corporation, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Baobao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
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109
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Catarino SO, Rodrigues RO, Pinho D, Miranda JM, Minas G, Lima R. Blood Cells Separation and Sorting Techniques of Passive Microfluidic Devices: From Fabrication to Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090593. [PMID: 31510012 PMCID: PMC6780402 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the first microfluidic device was developed more than three decades ago, microfluidics is seen as a technology that exhibits unique features to provide a significant change in the way that modern biology is performed. Blood and blood cells are recognized as important biomarkers of many diseases. Taken advantage of microfluidics assets, changes on blood cell physicochemical properties can be used for fast and accurate clinical diagnosis. In this review, an overview of the microfabrication techniques is given, especially for biomedical applications, as well as a synopsis of some design considerations regarding microfluidic devices. The blood cells separation and sorting techniques were also reviewed, highlighting the main achievements and breakthroughs in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinho
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Miranda
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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110
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Wong KS, Lee L, Hung YM, Yeo LY, Tan MK. Lamb to Rayleigh Wave Conversion on Superstrates as a Means to Facilitate Disposable Acoustomicrofluidic Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12358-12368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiing S. Wong
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Yew M. Hung
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ming K. Tan
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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111
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Lim E, Lee L, Yeo LY, Hung YM, Tan MK. Acoustically Driven Micromixing: Effect of Transducer Geometry. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:1387-1394. [PMID: 31180889 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2920683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to drive efficient micromixing on a microfluidic platform is crucial for a wide range of lab-on-a-chip applications. Here, we investigate the ability of acoustic waves generated on different geometric surfaces (concave and convex) to enhance the micromixing efficiency in droplet acoustomicrofluidic systems, and, concomitantly, to reduce the power consumption in these devices for a given performance requirement. Quite counterintuitively, we observe that although the acoustic streaming velocity, which scaled inversely with the droplet size, tended to be generally lower (by approximately 45%) when the flow is generated by transducers with convex surfaces compared to those with concave surfaces, the mixing efficiency is disproportionately higher: compared to pure diffusional mixing in the absence of the acoustic forcing, the mixing efficiency due to the acoustically driven convection increased by up to 25% and 43% on these respective surfaces. As such, the mixing enhancement cannot simply be attributed to an increase in the convective flow arising from the acoustic forcing. Rather, we observe the mixing enhancement to be due to the stronger chaotic advection arising in the transducer with the convex surface due to its diverging acoustic field into the droplet.
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112
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Ai Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Xie R, Liang Q. Recent progress in lab-on-a-chip for pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacological/toxicological test. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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113
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Knoerzer M, Szydzik C, Ren G, Huertas CS, Palmer S, Tang P, Nguyen TG, Bui L, Boes A, Mitchell A. Optical frequency comb based system for photonic refractive index sensor interrogation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:21532-21545. [PMID: 31510229 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we demonstrate how an optical frequency comb can be used to enhance the functionality of an integrated photonic biosensor platform. We show that if an optical frequency comb is used to sample the spectral response of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and if the line spacing is arranged to sample the periodic response at 120° intervals, then it is possible to combine these samples into a single measurement of the interferometer phase. This phase measurement approach is accurate, independent of the bias of the interferometer and robust against intensity fluctuations that are common to each of the comb lines. We demonstrate this approach with a simple silicon photonic interferometric refractive index sensor and show that the benefits of our approach can be obtained without degrading the lower limit of detection of 3.70×10-7 RIU.
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114
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Frey LJ, Vorländer D, Rasch D, Ostsieker H, Müller B, Schulze M, Schenkendorf R, Mayr T, Grosch JH, Krull R. Novel electrodynamic oscillation technique enables enhanced mass transfer and mixing for cultivation in micro-bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2827. [PMID: 31021498 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Micro-bioreactors (MBRs) have become an indispensable part for modern bioprocess development enabling automated experiments in parallel while reducing material cost. Novel developments aim to further intensify the advantages as dimensions are being reduced. However, one factor hindering the scale-down of cultivation systems is to provide adequate mixing and mass transfer. Here, vertical oscillation is demonstrated as an effective method for mixing of MBRs with a reaction volume of 20 μL providing adequate mass transfer. Electrodynamic exciters are used to transduce kinetic energy onto the cultivation broth avoiding additional moving parts inside the applied model MBR. The induced vertical vibration leads to oscillation of the liquid surface corresponding to the frequency and displacement. On this basis, the resonance frequency of the fluid was identified as the most decisive factor for mixing performance. Applying this vertical oscillation method outstanding mixing times below 1 s and exceptionally high oxygen transport with volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kL a) above 1,000/hr can be successfully achieved and controlled. To evaluate the applicability of this vertical oscillation mixing for low volume MBR systems, cultivations of Escherichia coli BL21 as proof-of-concept were performed. The dissolved oxygen was successfully online monitored to assure any avoidance of oxygen limitations during the cultivation. The here presented data illustrate the high potential of the vertical oscillation technique as a flexible measure to adapt mixing times and oxygen transfer according to experimental demands. Thus, the mixing technique is a promising tool for various biological and chemical micro-scale applications still enabling adequate mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse J Frey
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David Vorländer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev Rasch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ostsieker
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technologies, Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz Schulze
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - René Schenkendorf
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technologies, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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115
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Chen B, Wu Y, Ao Z, Cai H, Nunez A, Liu Y, Foley J, Nephew K, Lu X, Guo F. High-throughput acoustofluidic fabrication of tumor spheroids. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1755-1763. [PMID: 30918934 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture of multicellular spheroids, offering a desirable biomimetic microenvironment, is appropriate for recapitulating tissue cellular adhesive complexity and revealing a more realistic drug response. However, current 3D culture methods are suffering from low-throughput, poor controllability, intensive-labor, and variation in spheroid size, thus not ready for many high-throughput screening applications including drug discovery and toxicity testing. Herein, we developed a high-throughput multicellular spheroid fabrication method using acoustofluidics. By acoustically-assembling cancer cells with low-cost and disposable devices, our method can produce more than 12 000 multicellular aggregates within several minutes and allow us to transfer these aggregates into ultra-low attachment dishes for long-term culture. This method can generate more than 6000 tumor spheroids per operation, and reduce tumor spheroid formation time to one day. Our platform has advantages in forming spheroids with high throughput, short time, and long-term effectiveness, and is easy-to-operation. This acoustofluidic spheroid assembly method provides a simple and efficient way to produce large numbers of uniform-sized spheroids for biomedical applications in translational medicine, pharmaceutical industry and basic life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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116
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Xu S, Lou Y, He P, Wang X, Wang J. Effect of solvent quality on Poiseuille flow of polymer solutions in microchannels: A dissipative particle dynamics study. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Yinghou Lou
- Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang China
| | - Ping He
- Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang China
| | - Jiugen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang China
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117
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Fraser LA, Cheung YW, Kinghorn AB, Guo W, Shiu SCC, Jinata C, Liu M, Bhuyan S, Nan L, Shum HC, Tanner JA. Microfluidic Technology for Nucleic Acid Aptamer Evolution and Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900012. [PMID: 32627415 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of microfluidics and aptamer technologies holds particular promise for rapid progress in a plethora of applications across biomedical science and other areas. Here, the influence of microfluidics on the field of aptamers, from traditional capillary electrophoresis approaches through innovative modern-day approaches using micromagnetic beads and emulsion droplets, is reviewed. Miniaturizing aptamer-based bioassays through microfluidics has the potential to transform diagnostics and embedded biosensing in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Fraser
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chandra Jinata
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Mengping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Soubhagya Bhuyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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118
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Castro JO, Ramesan SR, Dang HD, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Acoustopipetting: Tunable Nanoliter Sample Dispensing Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5621-5628. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine O. Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shwathy R. Ramesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Huy D. Dang
- Invetech Pty. Ltd., Mount Waverley, Victoria 3149, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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119
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Nguyen J, Conca DV, Stein J, Bovo L, Howard CA, Llorente Garcia I. Magnetic control of graphitic microparticles in aqueous solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2425-2434. [PMID: 30683726 PMCID: PMC6377480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817989116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphite is an inexpensive material with useful electrical, magnetic, thermal, and optical properties. It is also biocompatible and used universally as a substrate. Micrometer-sized graphitic particles in solution are therefore ideal candidates for novel lab-on-a-chip and remote manipulation applications in biomedicine, biophysics, chemistry, and condensed-matter physics. However, submerged graphite is not known to be amenable to magnetic manipulation, the optimal manipulation method for such applications. Here, we exploit the diamagnetism of graphite and demonstrate contactless magnetic positioning control of graphitic microflakes in diamagnetic aqueous solutions. We develop a theoretical model for magnetic manipulation of graphite microflakes and demonstrate experimentally magnetic transport of such particles over distances [Formula: see text] with peak velocities [Formula: see text] in inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We achieve fully biocompatible transport for lipid-coated graphite in NaCl aqueous solution, paving the way for previously undiscovered biomedical applications. Our results prove that micrometer-sized graphite can be magnetically manipulated in liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Valter Conca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Stein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bovo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Innovation and Enterprise, University College London, London W1T 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Howard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Llorente Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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120
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A Point-of-Care Device for Molecular Diagnosis Based on CMOS SPAD Detectors with Integrated Microfluidics. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19030445. [PMID: 30678225 PMCID: PMC6387092 DOI: 10.3390/s19030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe the integration of techniques and technologies to develop a Point-of-Care for molecular diagnosis PoC-MD, based on a fluorescence lifetime measurement. Our PoC-MD is a low-cost, simple, fast, and easy-to-use general-purpose platform, aimed at carrying out fast diagnostics test through label detection of a variety of biomarkers. It is based on a 1-D array of 10 ultra-sensitive Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detectors made in a 0.18 μm High-Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (HV-CMOS) technology. A custom microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane cartridge to insert the sample is straightforwardly positioned on top of the SPAD array without any alignment procedure with the SPAD array. Moreover, the proximity between the sample and the gate-operated SPAD sensor makes unnecessary any lens or optical filters to detect the fluorescence for long lifetime fluorescent dyes, such as quantum dots. Additionally, the use of a low-cost laser diode as pulsed excitation source and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to implement the control and processing electronics, makes the device flexible and easy to adapt to the target label molecule by only changing the laser diode. Using this device, reliable and sensitive real-time proof-of-concept fluorescence lifetime measurement of quantum dot QdotTM 605 streptavidin conjugate is demonstrated.
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121
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Onoshima D, Yukawa H, Baba Y. Nanobiodevices for Cancer Diagnostics and Stem Cell Therapeutics. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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122
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Enders A, Siller IG, Urmann K, Hoffmann MR, Bahnemann J. 3D Printed Microfluidic Mixers-A Comparative Study on Mixing Unit Performances. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804326. [PMID: 30548194 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the basic operations in microfluidic systems for biological and chemical applications is the rapid mixing of different fluids. However, flow profiles in microfluidic systems are laminar, which means molecular diffusion is the only mixing effect. Therefore, mixing structures are crucial to enable more efficient mixing in shorter times. Since traditional microfabrication methods remain laborious and expensive, 3D printing has emerged as a potential alternative for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. In this work, five different passive micromixers known from literature are redesigned in comparable dimensions and manufactured using high-definition MultiJet 3D printing. Their mixing performance is evaluated experimentally, using sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein solutions, and numerically via computational fluid dynamics. Both experimental and numerical analysis results show that HC and Tesla-like mixers achieve complete mixing after 0.99 s and 0.78 s, respectively, at the highest flow rate (Reynolds number (Re) = 37.04). In comparison, Caterpillar mixers exhibit a lower mixing rate with complete mixing after 1.46 s and 1.9 s. Furthermore, the HC mixer achieves very good mixing performances over all flow rates (Re = 3.7 to 37.04), while other mixers show improved mixing only at higher flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Enders
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina G Siller
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Urmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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123
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Sen AK, Raj A, Banerjee U, Iqbal SR. Soft Lithography, Molding, and Micromachining Techniques for Polymer Micro Devices. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1906:13-54. [PMID: 30488383 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8964-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This chapter enumerates the methods, protocol, and safety procedures of various fabrication techniques for polymer-based microfluidic devices. The polymer materials can be a solid or a liquid, and the fabrication protocol needs to be executed accordingly. Various techniques demonstrating the fabrication of microfluidic devices using solid and liquid polymers are described. Procedure for each fabrication process is delineated with detailed images. Further, dos and don'ts for all the fabrication techniques are explained in the notes of each section. This chapter will benefit those interested in the microfluidic device fabrication using polymers and guide them to avoid mistakes so as to obtain an elegant device.The techniques are listed as follows: 1. Replica molding 2. Microcontact printing 3. Micro-transfer molding 4. Solvent-assisted molding 5. Hot embossing 6. Injection molding 7. CNC micromachining 8. Laser photo ablation 9. X-ray lithography 10. UV patterning 11. Plasma etching 12. Ion beam etching 13. Capillary molding 14. Micro-stereolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Abhishek Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Utsab Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sk Rameez Iqbal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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124
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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125
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Lue JH, Su YS, Kuo TC. Workshop, Cost-Effective and Streamlined Fabrications of Re-Usable World-To-Chip Connectors for Handling Sample of Limited Volume and for Assembling Chip Array. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18124223. [PMID: 30513786 PMCID: PMC6308506 DOI: 10.3390/s18124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world-to-chip interface is an essential yet intriguing part of making and employing microfluidic devices. A user-friendly connector could be expensive or difficult to make. We fabricated two ports of microfluidic chips with easily available materials including Teflon blocks, double adhesive films, coverslips, and transparency films. By using a mini grinder, coverslips were drilled to form small holes for the fluid passages between port and chip. Except for the double adhesive films, the resultant ports are durable and re-useable. The DK1 port, contains a mini three-way switch which allows users to handle fluid by a tube-connected pump, or by a manual pipette for the sample of trace amount. The other port, the DK2 port, provides secured tube-connections. Importantly, we invented a bridge made of craft cutter-treated transparency films and double adhesive films to mediate liquid flow between DK2 port and chip. With the use of a bridge, users do not need to design new ports for new chips. Also, individual chips could be linked by a bridge to form a chip array. We successfully applied DK1 port on a microfluidic chip where green fluorescent protein was immobilized. We used DK2 port on an array of fish chips where the embryos of zebra fish developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Hwa Lue
- Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 406, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sheng Su
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Chih Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
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126
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Peng G, Chen Y, Deng R, He Q, Liu D, Lu Y, Lin JM. Highly sensitive and selective determination of Hg(II) based on microfluidic chip with on-line fluorescent derivatization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:1-6. [PMID: 29902766 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a convenient, sensitive, rapid and simple method was developed on microfluidic chip which was integrated with on-line complexing and laser-induced fluorescence detection. A rhodamine derivative (RD) was developed as a fluorescent chemosensor for Hg(II). It exhibited high selective recognition toward Hg(II) over other examined metal ions in water samples. Under the optimized conditions, the response was linearly proportional to the concentration of Hg(II) in the range of 0-70 μM with a detection limit of 0.031 μM. Satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility were achieved, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.62%. The established method was successfully applied for the determination of Hg(II) in environmental water samples (surface water, tap water, and waste water). Recoveries obtained for the determination of Hg(II) in spiking samples ranged from 85% to 103%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ruoyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Dun Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Mathematics and Physics, Armed Police College, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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127
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Xu X, Wang G, Jiao W, Ji W, Jiang M, Zhang X. Multi-level sorting of nanoparticles on multi-step optical waveguide splitter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29262-29271. [PMID: 30470092 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose an optofluidic sorting method for nanoparticles with different size by using optical waveguide splitter, and moreover, multiple cascaded splitters with different threshold could act as multi-level sorting unit. For a directional coupler (DC) with a specific wavelength excitation, the power splitting ratio is related to the coupling length and the gap between parallel waveguides. The power splitting ratio further determines the trapping force and potential wells distribution of both output ports. Most importantly, the potential well distribution is dependent on the particle size. For larger particles, the potential wells of both waveguides are inclined to merge, which makes it easier to be attracted and transfers to the adjacent waveguide with deeper potential well. The critical size of sorting is corresponding to the case when the barrier between wells just disappears, or the second derivative of the potential distribution is exactly zero. Moreover, since the sorting threshold of nanoparticles is related to coupling length and gap, multiple cascaded splitters with length or gap gradually varied could act as a multi-level sorting unit. A four-level sorting unit with a critical particle size of 600nm, 700nm, and 800nm are demonstrated. By considering the Brownian motion of particles and using particle-tracking method, the random distribution of nanoparticles on parallel waveguides in the sorting process is statistically presented, which agreed well with its corresponding potential wells distribution analysis. This sorting method based on multi-step optical waveguide splitter offers a number of advantages including single wavelength excitation, low loss, low power performance and ease of fabrication. This design can realize the high-throughput and large-scale nanoparticle automatic sorting in integrated photonic circuits, which have great potential for a large scale lab-on-a-chip system.
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128
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Wu H, Zhu J, Huang Y, Wu D, Sun J. Microfluidic-Based Single-Cell Study: Current Status and Future Perspective. Molecules 2018; 23:E2347. [PMID: 30217082 PMCID: PMC6225124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of cell behavior under different environments and manual operations can give information in specific cellular processes. Among all cell-based analysis, single-cell study occupies a peculiar position, while it can avoid the interaction effect within cell groups and provide more precise information. Microfluidic devices have played an increasingly important role in the field of single-cell study owing to their advantages: high efficiency, easy operation, and low cost. In this review, the applications of polymer-based microfluidics on cell manipulation, cell treatment, and cell analysis at single-cell level are detailed summarized. Moreover, three mainly types of manufacturing methods, i.e., replication, photodefining, and soft lithography methods for polymer-based microfluidics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwa Wu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Daming Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jingyao Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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129
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Ning X, Yu X, Wang H, Sun R, Corman RE, Li H, Lee CM, Xue Y, Chempakasseril A, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Luan H, Wang Z, Xia W, Feng X, Ewoldt RH, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Mechanically active materials in three-dimensional mesostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat8313. [PMID: 30225368 PMCID: PMC6140627 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex, three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures that incorporate advanced, mechanically active materials are of broad, growing interest for their potential use in many emerging systems. The technology implications range from precision-sensing microelectromechanical systems, to tissue scaffolds that exploit the principles of mechanobiology, to mechanical energy harvesters that support broad bandwidth operation. The work presented here introduces strategies in guided assembly and heterogeneous materials integration as routes to complex, 3D microscale mechanical frameworks that incorporate multiple, independently addressable piezoelectric thin-film actuators for vibratory excitation and precise control. The approach combines transfer printing as a scheme for materials integration with structural buckling as a means for 2D-to-3D geometric transformation, for designs that range from simple, symmetric layouts to complex, hierarchical configurations, on planar or curvilinear surfaces. Systematic experimental and computational studies reveal the underlying characteristics and capabilities, including selective excitation of targeted vibrational modes for simultaneous measurements of viscosity and density of surrounding fluids. The results serve as the foundations for unusual classes of mechanically active 3D mesostructures with unique functions relevant to biosensing, mechanobiology, energy harvesting, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xinge Yu
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Heling Wang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rujie Sun
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - R. E. Corman
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Haibo Li
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Aditya Chempakasseril
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Randy H. Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Corresponding author. (J.A.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.A.R.); (Y.Z.)
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130
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Jalali M, AbdelFatah T, Mahshid SS, Labib M, Sudalaiyadum Perumal A, Mahshid S. A Hierarchical 3D Nanostructured Microfluidic Device for Sensitive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801893. [PMID: 30048039 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient capture and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria from body fluids lead to early diagnostics of bacterial infections and significantly enhance the survival rate. We propose a universal nano/microfluidic device integrated with a 3D nanostructured detection platform for sensitive and quantifiable detection of pathogenic bacteria. Surface characterization of the nanostructured detection platform confirms a uniform distribution of hierarchical 3D nano-/microisland (NMI) structures with spatial orientation and nanorough protrusions. The hierarchical 3D NMI is the unique characteristic of the integrated device, which enables enhanced capture and quantifiable detection of bacteria via both a probe-free and immunoaffinity detection method. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate probe-free capture of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and immunocapture of methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our device demonstrates a linear range between 50 and 104 CFU mL-1 , with average efficiency of 93% and 85% for probe-free detection of E. coli and immunoaffinity detection of MRSA, respectively. It is successfully demonstrated that the spatial orientation of 3D NMIs contributes in quantifiable detection of fluorescently labeled bacteria, while the nanorough protrusions contribute in probe-free capture of bacteria. The ease of fabrication, integration, and implementation can inspire future point-of-care devices based on nanomaterial interfaces for sensitive and high-throughput optical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Tamer AbdelFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
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131
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Jipa F, Iosub S, Calin B, Axente E, Sima F, Sugioka K. High Repetition Rate UV versus VIS Picosecond Laser Fabrication of 3D Microfluidic Channels Embedded in Photosensitive Glass. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E583. [PMID: 30065197 PMCID: PMC6116262 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glass is an alternative solution to polymer for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic biochips. Femtosecond (fs) lasers are nowadays the most promising tools for transparent glass processing. Specifically, the multiphoton process induced by fs pulses enables fabrication of embedded 3D channels with high precision. The subtractive fabrication process creating 3D hollow structures in glass, known as fs laser-assisted etching (FLAE), is based on selective removal of the laser-modified regions by successive chemical etching in diluted hydrofluoric acid solutions. In this work we demonstrate the possibility to generate embedded hollow channels in photosensitive Foturan glass volume by high repetition rate picosecond (ps) laser-assisted etching (PLAE). In particular, the influence of the critical irradiation doses and etching rates are discussed in comparison of two different wavelengths of ultraviolet (355 nm) and visible (532 nm) ranges. Fast and controlled fabrication of a basic structure composed of an embedded micro-channel connected with two open reservoirs, commonly used in the biochip design, are achieved inside glass. Distinct advantages such as good aspect-ratio, reduced processing time for large areas, and lower fabrication cost are evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Jipa
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
| | - Stefana Iosub
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Calin
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
| | - Emanuel Axente
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
| | - Felix Sima
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), 409 Atomistilor, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Koji Sugioka
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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132
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Connacher W, Zhang N, Huang A, Mei J, Zhang S, Gopesh T, Friend J. Micro/nano acoustofluidics: materials, phenomena, design, devices, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1952-1996. [PMID: 29922774 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation of fluids at small scales may finally enable a comprehensive lab-on-a-chip revolution in microfluidics, overcoming long-standing difficulties in fluid and particle manipulation on-chip. In this comprehensive review, we examine the fundamentals of piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, and transducers; revisit the basics of acoustofluidics; and give the reader a detailed look at recent technological advances and current scientific discussions in the discipline. Recent achievements are placed in the context of classic reports for the actuation of fluid and particles via acoustic waves, both within sessile drops and closed channels. Other aspects of micro/nano acoustofluidics are examined: atomization, translation, mixing, jetting, and particle manipulation in the context of sessile drops and fluid mixing and pumping, particle manipulation, and formation of droplets in the context of closed channels, plus the most recent results at the nanoscale. These achievements will enable applications across the disciplines of chemistry, biology, medicine, energy, manufacturing, and we suspect a number of others yet unimagined. Basic design concepts and illustrative applications are highlighted in each section, with an emphasis on lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Connacher
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA.
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133
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Odabasi IE, Gencturk E, Puza S, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. A low cost PS based microfluidic platform to investigate cell cycle towards developing a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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134
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Jastrzebska E, Zuchowska A, Flis S, Sokolowska P, Bulka M, Dybko A, Brzozka Z. Biological characterization of the modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces based on cell attachment and toxicity assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044105. [PMID: 30034568 PMCID: PMC6039296 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a material applicable for tissue and biomedical engineering, especially based on microfluidic devices. PDMS is a material used in studies aimed at understanding cell behavior and analyzing the cell adhesion mechanism. In this work, biological characterization of the modified PDMS surfaces based on cell attachment and toxicity assays was performed. We studied Balb 3T3/c, HMEC-1, and HT-29 cell adhesion on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces modified by different proteins, with and without pre-activation with plasma oxygen and UV irradiation. Additionally, we studied how changing of a base and a curing agent ratios influence cell proliferation. We observed that cell type has a high impact on cell adhesion, proliferation, as well as viability after drug exposure. It was tested that the carcinoma cells do not require a highly specific microenvironment for their proliferation. Cytotoxicity assays with celecoxib and oxaliplatin on the modified PDMS surfaces showed that normal cells, cultured on the modified PDMS, are more sensitive to drugs than cancer cells. Cell adhesion was also tested in the microfluidic systems made of the modified PDMS layers. Thanks to that, we studied how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell behavior. The results presented in this manuscript could be helpful for creation of proper culture conditions during in vitro tests as well as to understand cell response in different states of disease depending on drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zuchowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Flis
- Department of Pharmacology, National Medicines Institute, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sokolowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bulka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Dybko
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzozka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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135
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Gupta AV, Brigeman AN, Gomez EW, Jackson TN, Gupta AV, Brigeman AN, Gomez EW, Jackson TN, Brigeman AN, Gupta AV, Gomez EW, Jackson TN. Simple Polymethylglutarimide Microfluidic Channels With Hydrogel-Assisted Fluid Exchange. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:97-101. [PMID: 29870332 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2829878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental protocol for fabricating enclosed microfluidic channels using polymethylglutarimide (PMGI). PMGI is optically transparent, biocompatible, and can be used to readily fabricate micrometer-scale lateral and vertical dimension channels using conventional photolithography. The low auto-fluorescence intensity of PMGI facilitates imaging of analytes without interference. The hydrophilicity of PMGI allows fluid exchange in micrometer-scale channels using a hydrogel as an interface without an external pump. As a demonstration, we assemble fluorescently-labeled lipid bilayers in PMGI microfluidic channels and show that PMGI has negligible auto-fluorescence intensity compared to the lipid bilayer. PMGI channels together with hydrogel-assisted fluidic exchange provides a simple approach to fabricate micrometer and sub-micrometer scale fluidic channels for optofluidics, molecular biology, and other medical diagnostic and sensing applications.
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136
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Pariset E, Pudda C, Boizot F, Verplanck N, Revol-Cavalier F, Berthier J, Thuaire A, Agache V. Purification of complex samples: Implementation of a modular and reconfigurable droplet-based microfluidic platform with cascaded deterministic lateral displacement separation modules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197629. [PMID: 29768490 PMCID: PMC5955588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle separation in microfluidic devices is a common problematic for sample preparation in biology. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is efficiently implemented as a size-based fractionation technique to separate two populations of particles around a specific size. However, real biological samples contain components of many different sizes and a single DLD separation step is not sufficient to purify these complex samples. When connecting several DLD modules in series, pressure balancing at the DLD outlets of each step becomes critical to ensure an optimal separation efficiency. A generic microfluidic platform is presented in this paper to optimize pressure balancing, when DLD separation is connected either to another DLD module or to a different microfluidic function. This is made possible by generating droplets at T-junctions connected to the DLD outlets. Droplets act as pressure controllers, which perform at the same time the encapsulation of DLD sorted particles and the balance of output pressures. The optimized pressures to apply on DLD modules and on T-junctions are determined by a general model that ensures the equilibrium of the entire platform. The proposed separation platform is completely modular and reconfigurable since the same predictive model applies to any cascaded DLD modules of the droplet-based cartridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Berthier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Vincent Agache
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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137
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Nguyen EP, Lee L, Rezk AR, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Yeo LY. Hybrid Surface and Bulk Resonant Acoustics for Concurrent Actuation and Sensing on a Single Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5335-5342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Nguyen
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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138
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Miao T, Wang J, Zeng Y, Liu G, Chen X. Polysaccharide-Based Controlled Release Systems for Therapeutics Delivery and Tissue Engineering: From Bench to Bedside. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700513. [PMID: 29721408 PMCID: PMC5908359 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides or polymeric carbohydrate molecules are long chains of monosaccharides that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The naturally based structural materials are widely applied in biomedical applications. This article covers four different types of polysaccharides (i.e., alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran) and emphasizes their chemical modification, preparation approaches, preclinical studies, and clinical translations. Different cargo fabrication techniques are also presented in the third section. Recent progresses in preclinical applications are then discussed, including tissue engineering and treatment of diseases in both therapeutic and monitoring aspects. Finally, clinical translational studies with ongoing clinical trials are summarized and reviewed. The promise of new development in nanotechnology and polysaccharide chemistry helps clinical translation of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine and theMedical and Scientific Research CenterGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning530021China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of PharmacologyXiamen Medical CollegeXiamen361008China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyInnovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and NanomedicineNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
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139
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Khan SM, Gumus A, Nassar JM, Hussain MM. CMOS Enabled Microfluidic Systems for Healthcare Based Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705759. [PMID: 29484725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increased global population, it is more important than ever to expand accessibility to affordable personalized healthcare. In this context, a seamless integration of microfluidic technology for bioanalysis and drug delivery and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enabled data-management circuitry is critical. Therefore, here, the fundamentals, integration aspects, and applications of CMOS-enabled microfluidic systems for affordable personalized healthcare systems are presented. Critical components, like sensors, actuators, and their fabrication and packaging, are discussed and reviewed in detail. With the emergence of the Internet-of-Things and the upcoming Internet-of-Everything for a people-process-data-device connected world, now is the time to take CMOS-enabled microfluidics technology to as many people as possible. There is enormous potential for microfluidic technologies in affordable healthcare for everyone, and CMOS technology will play a major role in making that happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherjeel M Khan
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrahman Gumus
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joanna M Nassar
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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140
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Belgorosky D, Fernández-Cabada T, Peñaherrera-Pazmiño AB, Langle Y, Booth R, Bhansali S, Pérez MS, Eiján AM, Lerner B. Analysis of tumoral spheres growing in a multichamber microfluidic device. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6327-6336. [PMID: 29574936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lab on a Chip (LOC) farming systems have emerged as a powerful tool for single cell studies combined with a non-adherent cell culture substrate and single cell capture chips for the study of single cell derived tumor spheres. Cancer is characterized by its cellular heterogeneity where only a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor metastases and recurrences. Thus, the in vitro strategy to the formation of a single cell-derived sphere is an attractive alternative to identify CSCs. In this study, we test the effectiveness of microdevices for analysis of heterogeneity within CSC populations and its interaction with different components of the extracellular matrix. CSC could be identify using specific markers related to its pluripotency and self-renewal characteristics such as the transcription factor Oct-4 or the surface protein CD44. The results confirm the usefulness of LOC as an effective method for quantification of CSC, through the formation of spheres under conditions of low adhesion or growing on components of the extracellular matrix. The device used is also a good alternative for evaluating the individual growth of each sphere and further identification of these CSC markers by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, LOC devices have not only the already known advantages, but they are also a promising tool since they use small amounts of reagents and are under specific culture parameters. LOC devices could be considered as a novel technology to be used as a complement or replacement of traditional studies on culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Belgorosky
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Fernández-Cabada
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Belén Peñaherrera-Pazmiño
- Fellow at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Langle
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Millipore Sigma Corporation, Hayward, California
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystem Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Maximiliano S Pérez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Facultad Regional de Haedo, Paris, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Member at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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141
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Wang G, Tan J, Tang M, Zhang C, Zhang D, Ji W, Chen J, Ho HP, Zhang X. Binary centrifugal microfluidics enabling novel, digital addressable functions for valving and routing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1197-1206. [PMID: 29546267 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidics or lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) is a promising branch of lab-on-a-chip or microfluidics. Besides effective fluid transportation and inherently available density-based sample separation in centrifugal microfluidics, uniform actuation of flow on the disc makes the platform compact and scalable. However, the natural radially outward centrifugal force in a LOAD system limits its capacity to perform complex fluid manipulation steps. In order to increase the fluid manipulation freedom and integration capacity of the LOAD system, we propose a binary centrifugal microfluidics platform. With the help of Euler force, our platform allows free switching of both left and right states based on a rather simple mechanical structure. The periodical switching of state would provide a "clock" signal for a sequence of droplet binary logic operations. With the binary state platform and the "clock" signal, we can accurately handle the droplet separately in each time step with a maximum main frequency of about 10 S s-1 (switching per second). Apart from droplet manipulations such as droplet generation and metering, we also demonstrate a series of droplet logic operations, such as binary valving, droplet routing and digital addressable droplet storage. Furthermore, complex bioassays such as the Bradford assay and DNA purification assay are demonstrated on a binary platform, which is totally impossible for a traditional LOAD system. Our binary platform largely improves the capability for logic operation on the LOAD platform, and it is a simple and promising approach for microfluidic lab-on-a-disc large-scale integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Jie Tan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Minghui Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Changbin Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Wenbin Ji
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gulou Hospital, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Xuping Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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142
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Kashanian F, Masoudi MM, Shamloo A, Habibi-Rezaei M, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Modeling, simulation, and employing dilution-dialysis microfluidic chip (DDMC) for heightening proteins refolding efficiency. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:707-714. [PMID: 29470707 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized systems based on the principles of microfluidics are widely used in various fields, such as biochemical and biomedical applications. Systematic design processes are demanded the proper use of these microfluidic devices based on mathematical simulations. Aggregated proteins (e.g., inclusion bodies) in solution with chaotropic agents (such as urea) at high concentration in combination with reducing agents are denatured. Refolding methods to achieve the native proteins from inclusion bodies of recombinant protein relying on denaturant dilution or dialysis approaches for suppressing protein aggregation is very important in the industrial field. In this paper, a modeling approach is introduced and employed that enables a compact and cost-effective method for on-chip refolding process. The innovative aspect of the presented refolding method is incorporation dialysis and dilution. Dilution-dialysis microfluidic chip (DDMC) increases productivity folding of proteins with the gradual reduction of the amount of urea. It has shown the potential of DDMC for performing refolding of protein trials. The principles of the microfluidic device detailed in this paper are to produce protein on the dilution with slow mixing through diffusion of a denatured protein solution and stepwise dialysis of a refolding buffer flowing together and the flow regime is creeping flow. The operation of DDMC was modeled in two dimensions. This system simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling Software. The simulation results for a microfluidic refolding chip showed that DDMC was deemed to be perfectly suitable for control decreasing urea in the fluid model. The DDMC was validated through an experimental study. According to the results, refolding efficiency of denaturant Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) (EC 3.2.1.17) used as a model protein was improved. Regard to the remaining activity test, it was increased from 42.6 in simple dilution to 93.7 using DDMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kashanian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Disciplinary New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Masoudi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. .,Nano-Biomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A A Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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143
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Dahlberg T, Stangner T, Zhang H, Wiklund K, Lundberg P, Edman L, Andersson M. 3D printed water-soluble scaffolds for rapid production of PDMS micro-fluidic flow chambers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3372. [PMID: 29463819 PMCID: PMC5820269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a novel method for fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible micro-fluidic flow chambers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by 3D-printing water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments as master scaffolds. The scaffolds are first embedded in the PDMS and later residue-free dissolved in water leaving an inscription of the scaffolds in the hardened PDMS. We demonstrate the strength of our method using a regular, cheap 3D printer, and evaluate the inscription process and the channels micro-fluidic properties using image analysis and digital holographic microscopy. Furthermore, we provide a protocol that allows for direct printing on coverslips and we show that flow chambers with a channel cross section down to 40 μm × 300 μm can be realized within 60 min. These flow channels are perfectly transparent, biocompatible and can be used for microscopic applications without further treatment. Our proposed protocols facilitate an easy, fast and adaptable production of micro-fluidic channel designs that are cost-effective, do not require specialized training and can be used for a variety of cell and bacterial assays. To help readers reproduce our micro-fluidic devices, we provide: full preparation protocols, 3D-printing CAD files for channel scaffolds and our custom-made molding device, 3D printer build-plate leveling instructions, and G-code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dahlberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tim Stangner
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Krister Wiklund
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Petter Lundberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Edman
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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144
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Yuan D, Zhao Q, Yan S, Tang SY, Alici G, Zhang J, Li W. Recent progress of particle migration in viscoelastic fluids. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:551-567. [PMID: 29340388 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on particle migration in non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids has gained considerable attention. In a viscoelastic fluid, three dimensional (3D) particle focusing can be easily realized in simple channels without the need for any external force fields or complex microchannel structures compared with that in a Newtonian fluid. Due to its promising properties for particle precise focusing and manipulation, this field has been developed rapidly, and research on the field has been shifted from fundamentals to applications. This review will elaborate the recent progress of particle migration in viscoelastic fluids, especially on the aspect of applications. The hydrodynamic forces on the micro/nano particles in viscoelastic fluids are discussed. Next, we elaborate the basic particle migration in viscoelasticity-dominant fluids and elasto-inertial fluids in straight channels. After that, a comprehensive review on the applications of viscoelasticity-induced particle migration (particle separation, cell deformability measurement and alignment, particle solution exchange, rheometry-on-a-chip and others) is presented; finally, we thrash out some perspectives on the future directions of particle migration in viscoelastic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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145
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Rezk AR, Ramesan S, Yeo LY. Plug-and-actuate on demand: multimodal individual addressability of microarray plates using modular hybrid acoustic wave technology. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:406-411. [PMID: 29231220 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microarray titre plate remains a fundamental workhorse in genomic, proteomic and cellomic analyses that underpin the drug discovery process. Nevertheless, liquid handling technologies for sample dispensing, processing and transfer have not progressed significantly beyond conventional robotic micropipetting techniques, which are not only at their fundamental sample size limit, but are also prone to mechanical failure and contamination. This is because alternative technologies to date suffer from a number of constraints, mainly their limitation to carry out only a single liquid operation such as dispensing or mixing at a given time, and their inability to address individual wells, particularly at high throughput. Here, we demonstrate the possibility for true sequential or simultaneous single- and multi-well addressability in a 96-well plate using a reconfigurable modular platform from which MHz-order hybrid surface and bulk acoustic waves can be coupled to drive a variety of microfluidic modes including mixing, sample preconcentration and droplet jetting/ejection in individual or multiple wells on demand, thus constituting a highly versatile yet simple setup capable of improving the functionality of existing laboratory protocols and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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146
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Bachman H, Huang PH, Zhao S, Yang S, Zhang P, Fu H, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic devices controlled by cell phones. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:433-441. [PMID: 29302660 PMCID: PMC5989538 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic devices have continuously demonstrated their potential to impact medical diagnostics and lab-on-a-chip applications. To bring these technologies to real-world applications, they must be made more accessible to end users. Herein, we report on the effort to provide an easy-to-use and portable system for controlling sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic devices. With the use of a cell phone and a modified Bluetooth® speaker, on-demand and hands-free pumping and mixing are achieved. Additionally, a novel design for a sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic device is proposed that combines both pumping and mixing functions into a single device, thus removing the need for external equipment typically needed to accomplish these two tasks. These applications serve to demonstrate the potential function that acoustofluidic devices can provide in point-of-care platforms. To further this point-of-care goal, we also design a portable microscope that combines with the cell phone and Bluetooth® power supply, providing a completely transportable acoustofluidic testing station. This work serves to bolster the promising position that acoustofluidic devices have within the rapidly changing research and diagnostics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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147
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Kim DN, Kim KT, Kim C, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Soft lithography fabrication of index-matched microfluidic devices for reducing artifacts in fluorescence and quantitative phase imaging. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2018; 22:2. [PMID: 29725276 PMCID: PMC5927392 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-2023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are widely used for biomedical applications based on microscopy or other optical detection methods. However, the materials commonly used for microfabrication typically have a high refractive index relative to water, which can create artifacts at device edges and limit applicability to applications requiring high precision imaging or morphological feature detection. Here we present a soft lithography method to fabricate microfluidic devices out of MY133-V2000, a UV-curable, fluorinated polymer with low refractive index that is close to that of water (n = 1.33). The primary challenge in the use of this material (and fluorinated materials in general) is the low adhesion of the fluorinated material; we present several alternative fabrication methods we have tested to improve inter-layer adhesion. The close match between the refractive index of this material and aqueous solutions commonly used in biomedical applications enables fluorescence imaging at microchannel or other microfabricated edges without distortion. The close match in refractive index also enables quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) imaging across the full width of microchannels without error-inducing artifacts for measurement of cell biomass. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of low-refractive index microfluidics for biological applications requiring high precision optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N.H. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin T. Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carolyn Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, California Nanosystems Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas A. Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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148
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Hur D, Say MG, Diltemiz SE, Duman F, Ersöz A, Say R. 3D Micropatterned All-Flexible Microfluidic Platform for Microwave-Assisted Flow Organic Synthesis. Chempluschem 2018; 83:42-46. [PMID: 31957319 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large-area, all-flexible, microwaveable polydimethoxysilane microfluidic reactor was fabricated by using a 3D printing system. The sacrificial microchannels were printed on polydimethoxysilane substrates by a direct ink writing method using water-soluble Pluronic F-127 ink and then encapsulated between polydimethoxysilane layers. The structure of micron-sized channels was analyzed by optical and electron microscopy techniques. The fabricated flexible microfluidic reactors were utilized for the acetylation of different amines under microwave irradiation to obtain acetamides in shorter reaction times and good yields by flow organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Hur
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet G Say
- Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sibel E Diltemiz
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Duman
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersöz
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Say
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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149
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Lim W, Hoang HH, You D, Han J, Lee JE, Kim S, Park S. Formation of size-controllable tumour spheroids using a microfluidic pillar array (μFPA) device. Analyst 2018; 143:5841-5848. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method to generate several hundreds of spheroids using a microfluidic device with pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyoung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Hong-Hoa Hoang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- SAIHST
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Korea
| | - Jeonghun Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- SAIHST
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Korea
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery
- Samsung Medical Center
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering
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150
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Puza S, Gencturk E, Odabasi IE, Iseri E, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. Fabrication of cyclo olefin polymer microfluidic devices for trapping and culturing of yeast cells. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:40. [PMID: 28466286 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic platform is designed and fabricated to investigate the role of uncharacterized YOR060C (Sld7) protein in aging in yeast cells for the first time. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells are trapped in the series of C-shaped regions (0.5 nL) of COP (cyclo olefin polymer), PMMA (poly methylmethacrylate), or PS (polystyrene) microbioreactors. The devices are fabricated using hot embossing and thermo-compression bonding methods. Photolithography and electrochemical etching are used to form the steel mold needed for hot embossing. The cell cycle processes are investigated by monitoring green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged Sld7 expressions under normal as well as calorie restricted conditions. The cells are loaded at 1 μL/min flowrate and trapped successfully within each chamber. The medium is continuously fed at 0.1 μL/min throughout the experiments. Fluorescent signals of the low abundant Sld7 proteins could be distinguished only on COP devices. The background fluorescence of COP is found 1.22 and 7.24 times lower than that of PMMA, and PS, respectively. Hence, experiments are continued with COP, and lasted for more than 40 h without any contamination. The doubling time of the yeast cells are found as 72 min and 150 min, and the growth rates as 9.63 × 10-3 min-1 and 4.62 × 10-3 min-1, in 2% glucose containing YPD and YNB medium, respectively. The product concentration (Sld7p:GFP) increased in accordance with cell growth. The dual role of Sld7 protein in both cell cycle and chronological aging needs to be further investigated following the preliminary experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevde Puza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem E Odabasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Iseri
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Mutlu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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