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New insights into the role and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113207. [PMID: 35667236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD is complex. One-targeted anti-AD drugs usually fail to delay AD progression. Traditional Chinese medicine records have documented the use of the roots of Panax ginseng (ginseng roots) and its prescriptions to treat dementia. Ginsenoside Rg1, the main ginsenoside component of ginseng roots, exhibits a certain therapeutic effect in the abovementioned diseases, suggesting its potential in the management of AD. Therefore, we combed the pathogenesis of AD and currently used anti-AD drugs, and reviewed the availability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmaceutic studies of ginsenoside Rg1. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 and its deglycosylated derivatives in AD in vivo and in vitro. The main mechanisms include improvement in Aβ and Tau pathologies, regulation of synaptic function and intestinal microflora, and reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms mainly involve the regulation of PKC, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, CDK5, GSK-3β, BDNF/TrkB, PKA/CREB, FGF2/Akt, p21WAF1/CIP1, NF-κB, NLRP1, TLR3, and TLR4 signaling pathways. As the effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on AD have not been systematically reviewed, we have provided a comprehensive review and shed light on the future directions in the utilization of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginseng roots as well as the development of anti-AD drugs.
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Yan Y, Gao S, Avasthi S, Zhao Y, Ye J, Tao Y, Wang W, Zhu X, Du F, O'Donnell JM, Xu Y. Protective effects of phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor against Aβ 1-42 induced neuronal toxicity. Neuropharmacology 2022; 213:109128. [PMID: 35588859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 2 ameliorates memory loss upon exposure to oxidative stress. While whether memory enhancing effects of PDE2 inhibition on Alzheimer's disease mouse model are involved in antioxidant defense and neuronal remodeling, are largely unexplored. The present study addressed whether and how PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 rescued Aβ oligomers (Aβo)-induced neuronal damage and memory impairment. The results suggested that exposure of primary cortical neurons to Aβo induced neuronal cells damage and increased PDE2 expression, which were paralleled to an increase in the oxidative parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cellular apoptosis. However, this Aβo-induced oxidative damage was blocked by pre-treatment with protein kinase A or G (PKA or PKG) inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of cAMP/cGMP signaling. Moreover, microinjection of Aβo into the prefrontal cortex of mice increased the MDA level; while Bay 60-7550 reversed this effect and increased antioxidant and anti-apoptotic factors, i.e. increased trolox-equivalent-antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Bay 60-7550 also rescued Aβo-induced synaptic atrophy and memory deficits, as evidenced by the increased synaptic proteins' levels and spine density in the prefrontal cortex, and improved cognitive behaviors by decreased working memory errors in the eight-arm maze and increased discrimination index in the novel object recognition test. These findings suggest that inhibition of PDE2 contributes to antioxidant defense and neuronal remodeling by regulation of cAMP/cGMP signaling, which provide a theoretical basis for the future use of PDE2 inhibitors as the anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shichao Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shivani Avasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jianghong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Yuanxiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fu Du
- FD Neurotechnologies, Inc., Elicott City, MD, 21041, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
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Singh P, Barman B, Thakur MK. Oxidative stress-mediated memory impairment during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:944697. [PMID: 35959291 PMCID: PMC9357995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.944697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by the decline of several brain functions including cognitive abilities. Progressive deleterious changes at biochemical and physiological levels lead to the generation of oxidative stress, accumulation of protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunctions, loss of synaptic connections, and ultimately neurodegeneration and cognitive decline during aging. Oxidative stress that arises due to an imbalance between the rates of production and elimination of free radicles is the key factor for age-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Due to high energy demand, the brain is more susceptible to free radicals-mediated damages as they oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby causing an imbalance in the homeostasis of the aging brain. Animal, as well as human subject studies, showed that with almost no or few side effects, dietary interventions and plant-derived bioactive compounds could be beneficial to recovering the memory or delaying the onset of memory impairment. As the plant-derived bioactive compounds have antioxidative properties, several of them were used to recover the oxidative stress-mediated changes in the aging brain. In the present article, we review different aspects of oxidative stress-mediated cognitive change during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Bhabotosh Barman
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Mahendra Kumar Thakur,
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Kobayashi NHC, Farias SV, Luz DA, Machado-Ferraro KM, da Conceição BC, da Silveira CCM, Fernandes LMP, Cartágenes SDC, Ferreira VMM, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Ketamine plus Alcohol: What We Know and What We Can Expect about This. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147800. [PMID: 35887148 PMCID: PMC9323326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a public health concern. The misuse of ketamine, a psychedelic substance, has increased worldwide. In addition, the co-abuse with alcohol is frequently identified among misusers. Considering that ketamine and alcohol share several pharmacological targets, we hypothesize that the consumption of both psychoactive substances may synergically intensify the toxicological consequences, both under the effect of drugs available in body systems and during withdrawal. The aim of this review is to examine the toxicological mechanisms related to ketamine plus ethanol co-abuse, as well the consequences on cardiorespiratory, digestive, urinary, and central nervous systems. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the probable sites of shared molecular mechanisms that may elicit additional hazardous effects. Finally, we highlight the gaps of knowledge in this area, which deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Harumi Correa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Kissila Márvia Machado-Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Brenda Costa da Conceição
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cinthia Cristina Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sabrina de Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Vânia Maria Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Psychology Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro—Asa Norte, Brasília 70910900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7201
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Akingbade GT, Ijomone OM, Imam A, Aschner M, Ajao MS. D-Ribose-LCysteine attenuates manganese-induced cognitive and motor deficit, oxidative damage, and reactive microglia activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103872. [PMID: 35513219 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to overexposure, manganese (Mn) accumulation in the brain can trigger the inhibition of glutathione synthesis and lead to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. D-Ribose-L-Cysteine (RibCys) has been demonstrated to effectively support glutathione synthesis to scavenge ROS and protect cells from oxidative damage. In the present study, we examined the effects of RibCys on weight changes, cognitive and motor associated activities, oxidative stress markers, striatal and cortical histology, and microglia activation following Mn exposure. Rats were exposed to either saline, Mn or/and RibCys for two weeks. The Mn exposed rats received RibCys either as pre-, co-, or post-treatments. Mn caused a significant decrease in weight, memory and motor activities, increased lactate dehydrogenase level, overexpression of IBA1 reflecting microglia activation, and distortion of the neuronal cytoarchitecture of the striatum and motor cortex, respectively. Interventions with RibCys mitigated Mn-induced neurotoxic events. Our novel study demonstrates that RibCys effectively ameliorates the neurotoxicity following Mn treatment and maybe a therapeutic strategy against the neurological consequences of Mn overexposurec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace T Akingbade
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Aminu Imam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Moyosore S Ajao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Papagiouvannis G, Theodosis-Nobelos P, Tziona P, Gavalas A, Kourounakis PN, Rekka EA. Gabapentin Antioxidant Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective
Potency. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666211210161922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
The aim of this work is to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of
novel gabapentin derivatives, which could be proven useful as neuroprotective agents.
Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide.
Due to its multi-factorial character, no effective treatment has been obtained yet. In this direction,
the multi-targeting compounds approach could be useful for the development of novel, more effective
drugs against AD. Oxidative stress and inflammation are highly involved in the progression of neurodegeneration,
while gabapentin has been investigated for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in AD.
Objective:
In this work, derivatives of cinnamic acid, Trolox, and 3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
amidated with gabapentin methyl ester were designed and studied. Compounds with these structural characteristics
are expected to act in various biochemical pathways, affecting neurodegenerative processes.
Methods:
The designed compounds were synthesized with classical amidation methods, purified by flash
column chromatography, and identified spectrometrically (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Their purity was
determined by CHN elemental analysis. They were tested in vitro for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory
properties and for their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. Their in vivo antiinflammatory
activity was also tested.
Results:
Molecules that incorporated antioxidant moiety possessed inhibitory activity against rat microsomal
membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein glycation, as well as radical scavenging activity.
Moreover, most of them presented moderate inhibition towards lipoxygenase (up to 51% at 100μΜ)
and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) (IC50 up to 274μΜ) activities. Finally, all synthesized compounds presented
in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing carrageenan-induced rat paw edema up to 53%, and
some of them could inhibit cyclooxygenase significantly.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that the designed compounds could be proven useful as multitargeting
molecules against AD since they affect various biochemical pathways associated with neurodegeneration.
Thus, more effective drugs can be obtained, and the possible adverse effects of drug combinations
can be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papagiouvannis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | | | - Paraskevi Tziona
- Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Gavalas
- Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Panos N. Kourounakis
- Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eleni A. Rekka
- Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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107
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Yang L, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Li D, Xue X, Fu J. Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter damage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1019-1032. [PMID: 35393758 PMCID: PMC9160447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim White matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated. Methods We identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments. Results In paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7. Conclusion Caffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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108
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Tiwari D, Mittal N, Jha HC. Unraveling the links between neurodegeneration and Epstein-Barr virus-mediated cell cycle dysregulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100046. [PMID: 36685766 PMCID: PMC9846474 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus is a well-known cell cycle modulator. To establish successful infection in the host, EBV alters the cell cycle at multiple steps via antigens such as EBNAs, LMPs, and certain other EBV-encoded transcripts. Interestingly, several recent studies have indicated the possibility of EBV's neurotrophic potential. However, the effects and outcomes of EBV infection in the CNS are under-explored. Additionally, more and more epidemiological evidence implicates the cell-cycle dysregulation in neurodegeneration. Numerous hypotheses which describe the triggers that force post-mitotic neurons to re-enter the cell cycle are prevalent. Apart from the known genetic and epigenetic factors responsible, several reports have shown the association of microbial infections with neurodegenerative pathology. Although, studies implicating the herpesvirus family members in neurodegeneration exist, the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in particular, is under-evaluated. Interestingly, a few clinical studies have reported patients of AD or PD to be seropositive for EBV. Based on the findings mentioned above, in this review, we propose that EBV infection in neurons could drive it towards neurodegeneration through dysregulation of cell-cycle events and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India,Corresponding author.
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109
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Li M, Jin Z, Zhan J, Wang Y, Chen K. Dexmedetomidine improved one-lung ventilation-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35459107 PMCID: PMC9034634 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-lung ventilation (OLV) is widely used in thoracic surgery. However, OLV may also increase CERO2 and aggravate delayed cognitive recovery. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on cognitive function in rats undergoing OLV. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two-lung ventilation (TLV) group, OLV group and OLV treated with DEX group. Group DEX received 25 μg/kg DEX i.p. 30 min before induction. After mechanical ventilation (MV), Morris water maze (MWM) test was carried out to examine spatial memory function. Western blotting was used to detect pERK1/2, pCREB, Bcl-2 and BAX in hippocampal tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS Post-MV, compared with group OLV, group DEX showed increases in percentage of target quadrant time (P < 0.05), platform crossings (P < 0.05), a reduction in CERO2 (P < 0.05), and pERK1/2, pCREB, and Bcl-2 significantly increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while BAX significantly decreased (P < 0.01), besides, a less damaged synaptic structure was observed in group DEX. CONCLUSIONS DEX improved post-MV cognitive function in rats undergoing OLV, reduced cerebral oxygen consumption, protected synaptic structure and upregulated ERK1/2-CREB anti-apoptotic signaling pathway in hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Jia Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Xie L, Xiao J, Cao Y, Su Z, Chen Y. Carnosic acid ameliorated Aβ-mediated (amyloid-β peptide) toxicity, cholinergic dysfunction and mitochondrial defect in Caenorhabditis elegans of Alzheimer's Model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4624-4640. [PMID: 35357374 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-induced cholinergic system and mitochondrial dysfunction are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies found that carnosic acid (CA), an important polyphenol antioxidant, could significantly delay Aβ1-42-mediated acute paralysis. However, many details and underlying mechanisms of CA's neuroprotection against Aβ-induced cholinergic system defects and mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, we deeply investigated the effects and the possible mechanisms of CA-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo through several AD Caenorhabditis elegans strains. The results showed CA delayed age-related paralysis and Aβ deposition, and significantly protected neurons from Aβ-induced toxicity. CA might downgrade the expression of ace-1 and ace-2 genes, and upregulate cha-1 and unc-17 genes to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and relieve Aβ-caused cholinergic system defects. Furthermore, CA might also ameliorate Aβ-induced mitochondrial imbalance and oxidative stress through up-regulating the expression of phb-1, phb-2, eat-3, and drp-1 genes. The enhancements of the cholinergic system and mitochondrial function might be the reasons for the amelioration of Aβ-mediated toxicity and Aβ aggregation mediated by CA. These findings have helped us to understand the CA anti-Aβ activity in C. elegans and the potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuanxian Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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111
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Si Y, Chen Z, Shi Y, Fang H. Metformin Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission Protein DRP1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832707. [PMID: 35392573 PMCID: PMC8981993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical player in diabetes and diabetic complications. The present study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamic changes in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Methods: Cognitive functions were examined by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Mice hippocampi were collected for electron microscopy and immunofluorescence examination. Neuron cell line HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons were challenged with high glucose in vitro. Mitotracker-Red CM-H2X ROS was used to detect mitochondrial-derived free radicals. Results: Diabetic mice exhibited memory loss and spatial disorientation. Electron microscopy revealed that diabetic mice had larger synaptic gaps, attenuated postsynaptic density and fewer dendritic spines in the hippocampus. More round-shape mitochondria were observed in hippocampal neurons in diabetic mice than those in control mice. In cultured neurons, high glucose induced a high phosphorylated level of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and increased oxidative stress, resulting in cell apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 and metformin significantly decreased oxidative stress and prevented cell apoptosis in cultured cells. Treatment of Mdivi-1 and metformin restored cognitive function in diabetic mice. Conclusion: Metformin restores cognitive function by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress, and mitigating neuron loss in hippocampi of diabetic mice. The protective effects of metformin shed light on the therapeutic strategy of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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112
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Shasaltaneh MD, Naghdi N, Ramezani S, Alizadeh L, Riazi GH. Protection of Beta Boswellic Acid against Streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's Model by Reduction of Tau Phosphorylation Level and Enhancement of Reelin Expression. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:367-379. [PMID: 34116571 DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a growing general health concern with huge implications for individuals and society. Beta boswellic acid, a major compound of the Boswellia serrata plant, has long been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The exact mechanism of beta boswellic acid action in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, the protective effect of beta boswellic acid on streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease was surveyed. Alzheimer's disease model was induced using streptozotocin followed by an assessment of the treatment effects of beta boswellic acid in the presence of streptozotocin. The prevention effect of beta boswellic acid on Alzheimer's disease induction by streptozotocin was evaluated. Behavioral activities in the treated rats were evaluated. Histological analysis was performed. Phosphorylation of tau protein at residues Ser396 and Ser404 and the expression of reelin protein were determined. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence staining was applied in the hippocampus regions. Our findings indicated that beta boswellic acid decreased traveled distance and escape latency in the prevention (beta boswellic acid + streptozotocin) and treatment (streptozotocin + beta boswellic acid) groups compared to control during the acquisition test. It increased "time spent" (%) in the target quadrant. Reelin level was enhanced in rats treated with beta boswellic acid. Tau hyperphosphorylation (p-tau404) and glial fibrillary acidic protein were decreased in the prevention group while the expression of reelin protein in both groups was increased. We could suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of beta boswellic acid is one of the main factors involving in the improvement of learning and memory in rats. Therefore the antineurodegenerative effect of beta boswellic acid may be due to its ability to reactivate reelin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadrollah Ramezani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leila Alizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Riazi
- Laboratory of Neuro-organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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113
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Xu Z, Elrashidy RA, Li B, Liu G. Oxidative Stress: A Putative Link Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Aging and Major Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812967. [PMID: 35360727 PMCID: PMC8960172 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and major chronic diseases are risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). On the other hand, oxidative stress (OS) is one of the fundamental mechanisms of aging and the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, OS might be a candidate mechanism linking these two clinical entities. This article aims to summarize the studies on the prevalence of LUTS, the role of OS in aging and chronic diseases, and the potential mechanisms supporting the putative link. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify recent reports investigating LUTS and OS in major chronic diseases. In addition, studies on the impact of OS on the lower urinary tract, including bladder, urethra, and prostate, were collected and summarized. Many studies showed LUTS are prevalent in aging and major chronic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. At the same time, OS is a key component in the pathogenesis of those chronic diseases and conditions. Recent studies also provided evidence that exacerbated OS can cause functional and/or structural changes in the bladder, urethra, and prostate, leading to LUTS. The reviewed data support the concept that OS is involved in multiple risk factors-associated LUTS, although further studies are needed to confirm the causative relationship. The specific ROS/RNS and corresponding reactions/pathways involved in chronic diseases and associated LUTS should be identified in the future and could serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Guiming Liu,
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Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8584558. [PMID: 35300069 PMCID: PMC8923790 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8584558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the final event after a cascade of pathogenic mechanisms in several brain disorders that lead to cognitive and neurological loss. Quinolinic acid (QA) is an excitotoxin derived from the tryptophan metabolism pathway and is implicated in several ailments, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and psychosis disease. Diosmin (DSM) is a natural flavonoid possessing such properties that may halt the course of neurodegenerative progression. In past studies, free radical scavenging, along with properties, such as antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties, of DSM were pragmatic. Hence, in the current experimentations, the neuroprotective activity of DSM was investigated in the QA rat prototype. QA was administered through the intracerebroventricular route (QA-ICV) in rats on day one, and DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route) was given from day 1 to 21. Memory, gait, sensorimotor functions, and biomarkers of oxidative mutilation and mitochondrial functions were evaluated in the whole brain. Results showed significant deterioration of sensorimotor performance, gait, and working- and long-term memory in rats by QA-ICV. These behavioral anomalies were significantly attenuated by DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg) and donepezil (standard drug). QA-ICV-induced decrease in body mass (g), diet, and water ingestion were also attenuated by DSM or donepezil treatments. QA-ICV inhibited mitochondrial complex I and II activities that caused an increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress along with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants in the brain. DSM dose-dependently ameliorated mitochondrial functions and decreased oxidative stress in QA-ICV-treated rats. DSM can be a possible alternative in treating neurodegenerative disorders with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction pathology.
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115
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A quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the potential roles of PRDX3 in neurite outgrowth in N2a-APPswe cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:144-150. [PMID: 35303681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by progressive neurite loss. Mitochondria play pivotal roles in AD development. PRDX3 is a mitochondrial peroxide reductase critical for H2O2 scavenging and signal transduction. In this study, we found that PRDX3 knockdown (KD) in the N2a-APPswe cell line promoted retinoic acid (RA)-induced neurite outgrowth but did not reduce the viability of cells damaged by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). We found that knocking down PRDX3 expression induced dysregulation of more than one hundred proteins, as determined by tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled proteomics. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins were enriched in protein localization to the plasma membrane, the lipid catabolic process, and intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization. A STRING analysis showed close protein-protein interactions among dysregulated proteins. The expression of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), serine (Ser)-/threonine (Thr)-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PP2A) and glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (GSTM2) was significantly upregulated in PRDX3-KD N2a-APPswe cell lines, as verified by western blotting. Our study revealed, for the first time, that PRDX3 may play important roles in neurite outgrowth and AD development.
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116
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Nakazawa T, Ohara T, Hirabayashi N, Furuta Y, Hata J, Shibata M, Honda T, Kitazono T, Nakao T, Ninomiya T. Multiple-region grey matter atrophy as a predictor for the development of dementia in a community: the Hisayama Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:263-271. [PMID: 34670843 PMCID: PMC8862082 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of regional grey matter atrophy with dementia risk in a general older Japanese population. METHODS We followed 1158 dementia-free Japanese residents aged ≥65 years for 5.0 years. Regional grey matter volume (GMV) at baseline was estimated by applying voxel-based morphometry methods. The GMV-to-total brain volume ratio (GMV/TBV) was calculated, and its association with dementia risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. We assessed whether the predictive ability of a model based on known dementia risk factors could be improved by adding the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy among dementia-related brain regions, where the cut-off value for grey matter atrophy in each region was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS During the follow-up, 113 participants developed all-cause dementia, including 83 with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lower GMV/TBV of the medial temporal lobe, insula, hippocampus and amygdala were significantly/marginally associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia and AD (all p for trend ≤0.08). The risks of all-cause dementia and AD increased significantly with increasing total number of brain regions exhibiting grey matter atrophy (both p for trend <0.01). Adding the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy into a model consisting of known risk factors significantly improved the predictive ability for AD (Harrell's c-statistics: 0.765-0.802; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy among the medial temporal lobe, insula, hippocampus and amygdala is a significant predictor for developing dementia, especially AD, in the general older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nakazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li J, Xu S. Tilianin attenuates MPP+‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:293. [PMID: 35340873 PMCID: PMC8931633 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid tilianin is derived from the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica L. amiales and has been proven to serve a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether tilianin could prevent oxidative stress and the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The dopaminergic neuron MES23.5 cell line was treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to construct a PD cell model. Following pretreatment with tilianin, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were determined using immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and oxidative stress-related enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase were also quantified using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell apoptotic rate was analyzed using the TUNEL assay and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. MAPK signaling pathway-related protein expression levels were assessed via western blotting in MPP+-stimulated MES23.5 cells with or without tilianin pretreatment. Tilianin was demonstrated to exert no cytotoxic effects on MES23.5 cells and was able to prevent MPP+-induced reductions in cell viability. Pretreatment with tilianin also inhibited MPP+-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion, oxidative stress and apoptosis of MES23.5 cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were upregulated by MPP+, whereas pretreatment with tilianin downregulated these in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study indicated that tilianin may exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway, which may ameliorate injury to dopaminergic neurons induced by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Sui Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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119
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Wan T, Fu M, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Li P, Zhou S. Research Progress on Mechanism of Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:205-217. [PMID: 34518975 PMCID: PMC8436866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Currently, more than 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to increase. Some of the typical pathological changes of AD include amyloid plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and neuronal apoptosis. Apelin is a neuroprotective peptide that is widely expressed in the body. Among members of apelin family, apelin-13 is the most abundant with a high neuroprotective function. Apelin-13/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ) system regulates several physiological and pathophysiological cell activities, such as apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. It has also been shown to prevent AD development. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between apelin-13 and AD to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423043, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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120
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina E. Kalisch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.E.C.); (T.M.S.)
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121
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Inhibition of Ferroptosis Attenuates Glutamate Excitotoxicity and Nuclear Autophagy In A CLP Septic Mouse Model. Shock 2022; 57:694-702. [PMID: 35066511 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) often manifests in severe diffuse cerebral dysfunction due to an aberrant systemic immune response to infection. The underlying pathophysiology of SAE is not entirely understood but is likely a multifactorial process that involves disruption in cell death mechanism. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, leading to inflammatory cascade and glutamate release. We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in the glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuron injury during the uncontrolled neural inflammatory process of SAE. Inhibiting ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) could alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity and reduce neuron death of SAE, potentially improving prognosis. We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Fer-1 treatment downregulated cerebral ferroptosis and alleviated glutamate excitotoxicity via dampening system xc-(SXC) and glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-asperate receptor subunit 2. Combined with an observed reduction in calcium transporter PLCG and PLCB activation, these processes ultimately protected the integrities of synapses and neurons during SAE. Fer-1 treatment also rescued sepsis-induced nuclear autophagy and improved the behaviors of tail suspension test and novel object recognition test in septic mice. Conclusively, our results suggested that inhibition of ferroptosis could attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity and SAE outcomes.
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Liu J, Baum L, Yu S, Lin Y, Xiong G, Chang RCC, So KF, Chiu K. Preservation of Retinal Function Through Synaptic Stabilization in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mouse Retina by Lycium Barbarum Extracts. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788798. [PMID: 35095474 PMCID: PMC8792986 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid β deposition-induced hippocampal synaptic dysfunction generally begins prior to neuronal degeneration and memory impairment. Lycium barbarum extracts (LBE) have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in various animal models of neurodegeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of LBE on the synapse loss in AD through the avenue of the retina in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We fed 3xTg-AD mice with low (200 mg/kg) or high (2 g/kg) dose hydrophilic LBE daily for 2 months from the starting age of 4- or 6-month-old. For those started at 6 month age, at 1 month (though not 2 months) after starting treatment, mice given high dose LBE showed a significant increase of a wave and b wave in scotopic ERG. After 2 months of treatment with high dose LBE, calpain-2, calpain-5, and the oxidative RNA marker 8-OHG were downregulated, and presynaptic densities in the inner plexiform layer but not the outer plexiform layer of the retina were significantly increased, suggesting the presynaptic structure of retina was preserved. Our results indicate that LBE feeding may preserve synapse stability in the retina of 3xTg-AD mice, probably by decreasing both oxidative stress and intracellular calcium influx. Thus, LBE might have potential as a neuroprotectant for AD through synapse preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Larry Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shasha Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guoying Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Kwok Fai So
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Kin Chiu
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Markulin I, Matasin M, Turk VE, Salković-Petrisic M. Challenges of repurposing tetracyclines for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:773-804. [PMID: 34982206 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The novel antibiotic-exploiting strategy in the treatment of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease has emerged as a potential breakthrough in the field. The research in animal AD/PD models provided evidence on the antiamyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity of tetracyclines, associated with cognitive improvement. The neuroprotective effects of minocycline and doxycycline in animals initiated investigation of their clinical efficacy in AD and PD patients which led to inconclusive results and additionally to insufficient safety data on a long-standing doxycycline and minocycline therapy in these patient populations. The safety issues should be considered in two levels; in AD/PD patients (particularly antibiotic-induced alteration of gut microbiota and its consequences), and as a world-wide threat of development of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics posed by a fact that AD and PD are widespread incurable diseases which require daily administered long-lasting antibiotic therapy. Recently proposed subantimicrobial doxycycline doses should be thoroughly explored for their effectiveness and long-term safety especially in AD/PD populations. Keeping in mind the antibacterial activity-related far-reaching undesirable effects both for the patients and globally, further work on repurposing these drugs for a long-standing therapy of AD/PD should consider the chemically modified tetracycline compounds tailored to lack antimicrobial but retain (or introduce) other activities effective against the AD/PD pathology. This strategy might reduce the risk of long-term therapy-related adverse effects (particularly gut-related ones) and development of bacterial resistance toward the tetracycline antibiotic agents but the therapeutic potential and desirable safety profile of such compounds in AD/PD patients need to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Markulin
- Community Health Centre Zagreb-Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Viktorija Erdeljic Turk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salković-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jang JP, Kwon MC, Nogawa T, Takahashi S, Osada H, Ahn JS, Ko SK, Jang JH. Thiolactomide: A New Homocysteine Thiolactone Derivative from Streptomyces sp. with Neuroprotective Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1667-1671. [PMID: 34528916 PMCID: PMC9706031 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2108.08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new homocysteine thiolactone derivative, thiolactomide (1), was isolated along with a known compound, N-acetyl homocysteine thiolactone (2), from a culture extract of soil-derived Streptomyces sp. RK88-1441. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses with literature study. In addition, biological evaluation studies revealed that compounds 1 and 2 both exert neuroprotective activity against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-mediated neurotoxicity by blocking the generation of hydrogen peroxide in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Pil Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Products Biosynthesis Research Unit and RIKEN-KRIBB Joint Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
J.S. Ahn Phone: +82-43-240-6160 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
S.K. Ko Phone: +82-43-240-6146 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Jang Phone: +82-43-240-6164 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
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Lekchand Dasriya V, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Puniya M, Kumar S, Ranveer S, Chaudhary V, Vij S, Behare P, Singh N, Aluko RE, Puniya AK. Etiology and management of Alzheimer's disease: Potential role of gut microbiota modulation with probiotics supplementation. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14043. [PMID: 34927261 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading type of dementia in aging people and is a progressive condition that causes neurodegeneration, resulting in confusion, memory loss, and deterioration of mental functions. AD happens because of abnormal twisting of the microtubule tau protein in neurons into a tangled neurofibrillary structure. Different factors responsible for AD pathogenesis include heavy metals, aging, cardiovascular disease, and environmental and genetic factors. Market available drugs for AD have several side effects that include hepato-toxicity, accelerated cognitive decline, worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms, and triggered suicidal ideation. Therefore, an emerging alternative therapeutic approach is probiotics, which can improve AD by modulating the gut-brain axis. Probiotics modulate different neurochemical pathways by regulating the signalling pathways associated with inflammation, histone deacetylation, and microglial cell activation and maturation. In addition, probiotics-derived metabolites (i.e., short-chain fatty acid, neurotransmitters, and antioxidants) have shown ameliorative effects against AD. Probiotics also modulate gut microbiota, with a beneficial impact on neural signalling and cognitive activity, which can attenuate AD progression. Therefore, the current review describes the etiology and mechanism of AD progression as well as various treatment options with a focus on the use of probiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In an aging population, dementia concerns are quite prevalent globally. AD is one of the most commonly occurring cognition disorders, which is linked to diminished brain functions. Scientific evidence supports the findings that probiotics and gut microbiota can regulate/modulate brain functions, one of the finest strategies to alleviate such disorders through the gut-brain axis. Thus, gut microbiota modulation, especially through probiotic supplementation, could become an effective solution to ameliorate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Sapkota K, Burnell ES, Irvine MW, Fang G, Gawande DY, Dravid SM, Jane DE, Monaghan DT. Pharmacological characterization of a novel negative allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors, UBP792. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108818. [PMID: 34610288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor with important roles in CNS function. Since excessive NMDAR activity can lead to neuronal cell death and epilepsy, there is interest in developing NMDAR negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) as neuroprotective agents. In this study, we characterize the inhibitory properties of a novel NMDAR antagonist, UBP792. This compound displays partial subtype-selectivity by having a varied maximal inhibition of GluN2A-, GluN2B-, GluN2C-, and GluN2D-containing receptors (52%, 70%, 87%, 89%, respectively) with IC50s 4-10 μM. UBP792 inhibited NMDAR responses by reducing l-glutamate and glycine potencies and efficacies. Consistent with non-competitive inhibition, increasing agonist concentrations 30-fold did not reduce UBP792 potency. UBP792 inhibition was also not competitive with the structurally-related positive allosteric modulator (PAM) UBP684. UBP792 activity was voltage-independent, unaffected by GluN1's exon-5, and reduced at low pH (except for GluN1/GluN2A receptors which were more sensitive at acidic pH). UBP792 binding appeared independent of agonist binding and may be entering the plasma membrane to gain access to its binding site. Inhibition by UBP792 is reduced when the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the GluN2 subunit, but not that of the GluN1 subunit, is cross-linked in the closed-cleft, activated conformation. Thus, UBP792 may be inhibiting by stabilizing an open GluN2-LBD cleft associated with channel inactivation or by stabilizing downstream closed channel conformations allosterically-coupled to the GluN2-LBD. These findings further expand the repertoire displayed by NMDAR NAMs thus expanding the opportunities for developing NMDAR modulators with the most appropriate selectivity and physiological actions for specific therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Erica S Burnell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Mark W Irvine
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; Hello Bio, Unit 3, Io Centre Cabot Park/Moorend Farm Ave, Bristol, BS11 0QL, UK
| | - Guangyu Fang
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; Hello Bio, Unit 3, Io Centre Cabot Park/Moorend Farm Ave, Bristol, BS11 0QL, UK
| | - Dinesh Y Gawande
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - David E Jane
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Daniel T Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA.
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Barone E, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The interplay among oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:16-33. [PMID: 34530075 PMCID: PMC8595768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for AD and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported in recent clinical and preclinical studies. Brain functions require continuous supply of glucose and oxygen and a tight regulation of metabolic processes. Loss of this metabolic regulation has been proposed to be a contributor to memory dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Within the above scenario, this review will focus on the interplay among oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunctions in the brain by highlighting how these neurotoxic events contribute to neurodegeneration. We provide an overview on the detrimental effects of OS on proteins regulating insulin signaling and how these alterations impact cell metabolic dysfunctions through AMPK dysregulation. Such processes, we assert, are critically involved in the molecular pathways that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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Plasma Glutathione Levels Decreased with Cognitive Decline among People with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): A Two-Year Prospective Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111839. [PMID: 34829710 PMCID: PMC8615204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a major endogenous antioxidant. Several studies have shown GSH redox imbalance and altered GSH levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Early detection is crucial for the outcome of AD. However, whether GSH can serve as a biomarker during the very early-phase of AD, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), remains unknown. The current prospective study aimed to examine the longitudinal change in plasma GSH concentration and its influence on cognitive decline in MCI. Overall, 49 patients with MCI and 16 healthy individuals were recruited. Plasma GSH levels and cognitive function, measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), were monitored every 6 months. We employed multiple regressions to examine the role of GSH level in cognitive decline in the 2 years period. The MCI patients showed significant decline in plasma GSH levels and cognitive function from baseline to endpoint (month 24). In comparison, the healthy individuals’ GSH concentration and cognitive function did not change significantly. Further, both GSH level at baseline and GSH level change from baseline to endpoint significantly influenced cognitive decline among the MCI patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that both plasma GSH levels and cognitive function declined 2 years later among the MCI patients in a prospective manner. If replicated by future studies, blood GSH concentration may be regarded as a biomarker for monitoring cognitive change in MCI.
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Jin S, Wang X, Xiang X, Wu Y, Hu J, Li Y, Lin Dong Y, Tan Y, Wu X. Inhibition of GPR17 with cangrelor improves cognitive impairment and synaptic deficits induced by Aβ 1-42 through Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108335. [PMID: 34781121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be associated with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current methods to combat Aβ neurotoxicity are still lacking. G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has become a target for treating inflammation in brain diseases, but it is unclear whether it has a role in AD. Here, we investigated the effects of cangrelor, a GPR17 antagonist, on neurotoxicity and memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42 in mice. The behavior results showed that cangrelor (2.0 or 4.0 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) treatment reversed the deficits in memory and learning ability induced by Aβ1-42 in mice. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that GPR17 expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex is increased in response to Aβ1-42 exposures. We also found that cangrelor treatment reduced the activity of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and the levels of soluble Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Meanwhile, cangrelor treatment suppressed oxidative stress induced by Aβ1-42, as proved by reduced production of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and promoted the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, cangrelor also suppressed Aβ1-42-induced neuroinflammation, characterized by suppressed activation of microglia, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as ameliorated synaptic deficits by promoting the upregulation of synaptic proteins, and increasing the number of Golgi-Cox stained dendritic spines. These results suggest that cangrelor may reverse Aβ1-42-induced cognition deficits via inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction mediated by Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiYu Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- West Anhui Health Vocational College, Luan 237000, China
| | - XiaoTong Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YuMei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YueYue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue Lin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YueQiang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Bai Z, Luo L, Wu F, Li B, Shan Y. Sulforaphane inhibits the production of Aβ partially through the activation of Nrf2-regulated oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:11482-11490. [PMID: 34699582 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, presents a potential role in improving Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific symptoms. However, the regulation mechanism of SFN in AD is poorly understood. Here, we established AD models both in vitro and in vivo. Animal behaviors were tested by the Morris water maze test. The pathology of the hippocampus and the content of Aβ were detected. SFN (40 mg kg-1) decreased the escape latency (24.96 ± 7.43 s) and increased the target-zone frequency (3.19 ± 1.19) in rats. SFN improved the pathological morphology and the number of neurons in the hippocampus. Additionally, SFN significantly upregulated the contents of thioredoxin and glutathione as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, along with the expression of the Nrf2 protein. Conversely, SFN lowered the Aβ content and ROS level in N2a/APP cells. After silencing the Nrf2 by SiRNA, the inhibitory effects of SFN on ROS and Aβ production were partially weakened. In conclusion, the improvement of AD by SFN was closely related with Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiahe Zhao
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhihuai Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Lina Luo
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Baolong Li
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Park JS, Kim T, Kim D, Jeong YIL. The Effect of Oxidative Stress and Memantine-Incorporated Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanoparticles on the Expression of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Subunit 1 in Brain Cancer Cells for Alzheimer's Disease Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212309. [PMID: 34830191 PMCID: PMC8619842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanoparticles composed of succinyl β-cyclodextrin (bCDsu), memantine and thioketal linkages for application in Alzheimer's disease, and to investigate the suppression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in cells. Thioketal diamine was attached to the carboxyl group of bCDsu to produce thioketal-decorated bCDsu conjugates (bCDsu-thioketal conjugates) and memantine was conjugated with thioketal dicarboxylic acid (memantine-thioketal carboxylic acid conjugates). Memantine-thioketal carboxylic acid conjugates were attached to bCDsu-thioketal conjugates to produce bCDsu-thioketal-memantine (bCDsuMema) conjugates. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and U87MG cells were used for NMDAR1 protein expression and cellular oxidative stress. Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates were prepared by means of a dialysis procedure. Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates had small particle sizes less than 100 nm and their morphology was found to be spherical in transmission electron microscopy observations (TEM). Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates responded to H2O2 and disintegrated or swelled in aqueous solution. Then, the nanoparticles rapidly released memantine according to the concentration of H2O2. In an in vivo animal imaging study, thioketal-decorated nanoparticles labelled with fluorescent dye such as chlorin e6 (Ce6) showed that the fluorescence intensity was stronger in the brain than in other organs, indicating that bCDsuMema nanoparticles can efficiently target the brain. When cells were exposed to H2O2, the viability of cells was time-dependently decreased. Memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles did not practically affect the viability of the cells. Furthermore, a western blot assay showed that the oxidative stress produced in cells using H2O2 increased the expression of NMDAR1 protein in both SH-SY5Y and U87MG cells. Memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles efficiently suppressed the NMDAR1 protein, which is deeply associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fluorescence microscopy also showed that H2O2 treatment induced green fluorescence intensity, which represents intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment increased the red fluorescence intensity, which represents the NMDAR1 protein, i.e., oxidative stress increases the expression of NMDAR1 protein level in both SH-SY5Y and U87MG cells. When memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles were treated in cells, the oxidative stress-mediated expression of NMDAR1 protein in cells was significantly decreased, indicating that bCDsuMema nanoparticles have the capacity to suppress NMDAR1 expression in brain cells, which has relevance in terms of applications in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- College of Art&Science, University of Pennsylvania, 249 S 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9212-9859
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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:383. [PMID: 34753929 PMCID: PMC8578673 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
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133
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Bozelli JC, Azher S, Epand RM. Plasmalogens and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730829. [PMID: 34744771 PMCID: PMC8566352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming widely acknowledged that lipids play key roles in cellular function, regulating a variety of biological processes. Lately, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, namely plasmalogens, has received increased attention due to their association with several degenerative and metabolic disorders as well as aging. All these pathophysiological conditions involve chronic inflammatory processes, which have been linked with decreased levels of plasmalogens. Currently, there is a lack of full understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the association of plasmalogens with inflammation. However, it has been shown that in inflammatory processes, plasmalogens could trigger either an anti- or pro-inflammation response. While the anti-inflammatory response seems to be linked to the entire plasmalogen molecule, its pro-inflammatory response seems to be associated with plasmalogen hydrolysis, i.e., the release of arachidonic acid, which, in turn, serves as a precursor to produce pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Moreover, as plasmalogens comprise a large fraction of the total lipids in humans, changes in their levels have been shown to change membrane properties and, therefore, signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory cascade. Restoring plasmalogen levels by use of plasmalogen replacement therapy has been shown to be a successful anti-inflammatory strategy as well as ameliorating several pathological hallmarks of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging role of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders as well as the promising role of plasmalogen replacement therapy in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sayed Azher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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134
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Liu XY, Zhang N, Zhang SX, Xu P. Potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease: Glucagon-like peptide-1. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7749-7769. [PMID: 34676939 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone, has become a well-established treatment for T2DM and is likely to be involved in treating cognitive impairment. In this mini review, the similarities between AD and T2DM are summarised with the main focus on GLP-1-based therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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135
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Nie L, He K, Xie F, Xiao S, Li S, Xu J, Zhang K, Yang C, Zhou L, Liu J, Zou L, Yang X. Loganin substantially ameliorates molecular deficits, pathologies and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23739-23756. [PMID: 34689137 PMCID: PMC8580356 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease threatening the health of the elderly, but the available therapeutic and preventive drugs remain suboptimal. Loganin, an iridoid glycoside extracted from Cornus officinalis, is reported to have anti-inflammatory and memory-enhancing properties. This study is aimed to explore the influence of loganin on cognitive function in 3xTg-AD mice and the underlying mechanism associated with its neuroprotection. According to the results of behavioral tests, we found that administration of loganin could significantly alleviate anxiety behavior and improve memory deficits of 3xTg-AD mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis displayed that there were decreased Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg-AD mice treated with loganin compared with the control mice. Importantly, the Aβ-related pathological change was mainly involved in altering APP expression and processing. And loganin was also found to reduce the levels of phosphorylated tau (i.e. pTauS396 and pTauS262) in 3xTg-AD mice. By performing 2D-DIGE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, we revealed 28 differentially expressed proteins in the 3xTg-AD mice treated with loganin compared with the control mice. Notably, 10 proteins largely involved in energy metabolism, synaptic proteins, inflammatory response, and ATP binding were simultaneously detected in 3xTg-AD mice compared to WT mice. The abnormal changes of energy metabolism (PAGM1 and ENO1), synaptic proteins (SYN2 and Cplx2), inflammatory response (1433Z) were verified by western blot. Overall, our study suggested that loganin could be used as a feasible candidate drug to ameliorate molecular deficits, pathologies and cognitive impairment for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengzhu Xie
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shifeng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Kaiqin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.,College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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136
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Song Q, Peng S, Zhu X. Baicalein protects against MPP +/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:188-194. [PMID: 34666128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein, a major bioactive flavone constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has neuroprotective properties in several neurological disorders. Many studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Baicalein has also been shown to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate whether baicalein could protect against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, our results showed that baicalein increased cell viability in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with baicalein could reversed the increased MDA and ROS levels, and the decreased GSH levels in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In MPTP-treated mice, baicalein ameliorated MPTP-induced motor impairment and suppressed the MPTP-induced accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides. Besides, baicalein improved the neurotoxicity induced by MPTP as seen by a significant raise of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and simultaneous decrease of monoamine-oxidase-B (MAO-B). The inhibitory effect of baicalein on oxidative stress probably was partially governed by inhibition of ERK activation. In conclusion, our results suggest that baicalein could prevent MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Song
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Shanxin Peng
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Department of Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China.
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137
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Trzeciak P, Herbet M, Dudka J. Common Factors of Alzheimer's Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Pathomechanism and Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:6038. [PMID: 34641582 PMCID: PMC8512006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid plaques, or misfolded fragments of proteins, leads to the development of a condition known as amyloidosis, which is clinically recognized as a systemic disease. Amyloidosis plays a special role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The occurrence of amyloidosis correlates with the aging process of the organism, and since nowadays, old age is determined by the comfort of functioning and the elimination of unpleasant disease symptoms in the elderly, exposure to this subject is justified. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques negatively affect glutaminergic and cholinergic transmission and loss of sympathetic protein, while in RA, amyloids stimulated by the activity of the immune system affect the degradation of the osteoarticular bond. The following monograph draws attention to the over-reactivity of the immune system in AD and RA, describes the functionality of the blood-brain barrier as an intermediary medium between RA and AD, and indicates the direction of research to date, focusing on determining the relationship and the cause-effect link between these disorders. The paper presents possible directions for the treatment of amyloidosis, with particular emphasis on innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.)
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138
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Li D, Cai C, Liao Y, Wu Q, Ke H, Guo P, Wang Q, Ding B, Fang J, Fang S. Systems pharmacology approach uncovers the therapeutic mechanism of medicarpin against scopolamine-induced memory loss. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153662. [PMID: 34333326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicarpin is a natural pterocarpan-type phytoalexin widely distributed in many traditional Chinese medicines, such as Astragali Radix. A previous study showed that Astragali Radix demonstrated promising protective effects in neurons. However, there is no reported study on the neuroprotective function and the underlying mechanism of Medicarpin. PURPOSE This study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of Medicarpin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and explore the therapeutic mechanisms. METHOD First, we carried out animal behavioral tests and biochemical analysis to assess the anti-AD potential of Medicarpin for ameliorating spatial learning and memory and modulating cholinergic metabolism in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Subsequently, network proximity prediction was used to measure the network distance between the Medicarpin target network and AD-related endophenotype module. We identified Medicarpin-regulated AD pathological processes and highlighted the key disease targets via network analysis. Finally, experimental approaches including Nissl staining and Western blotting were conducted to validate our network-based findings. RESULT In this study, we first observed that Medicarpin can ameliorate cognitive and memory dysfunction and significantly modulate cholinergic metabolism in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. We then proposed an endophenotype network-based framework to comprehensively explore the AD therapeutic mechanisms of Medicarpin by integrating 25 AD-related endophenotype modules, gold-standard AD seed genes, an experimentally validated drug-target network of Medicarpin, and a global human protein-protein interactome. In silico prediction revealed that the effect of Medicarpin is highly relevant to neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity, which was validated by experimental assays. Network analysis and Western blotting further identified two key targets, GSK-3β and MAPK14 (p38), in the AD-related protein regulatory network, which play key roles in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity by Medicarpin. CONCLUSIONS This study presented a powerful endophenotype network-based strategy to explore the mechanisms of action (MOAs) of new AD therapeutics, and first identified Medicarpin as a potential anti-AD candidate by targeting multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510404, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- Division of Data Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yanfang Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Banghan Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510404, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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139
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Lazarova M, Tancheva L, Alexandrova A, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Stefanova M, Tsekova D, Vezenkov L, Kalfin R, Uzunova D, Petkova-Kirova P. Effects of New Galantamine Derivatives in a Scopolamine Model of Dementia in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:671-690. [PMID: 34569967 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive functions decline, is a leading cause for dementia and currently ranked as the sixth foremost cause of death. As of present, treatment of AD is symptomatic without convincing therapeutic benefits and new, effective, therapeutic agents are pursued. Due to massive loss of cholinergic neurons and decreased acetylcholine levels, cholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine, remain the backbone of pharmacological treatment of the disease. In the present study, using behavioral and biochemical methods, four newly synthesized galantamine derivatives, Gal 34, Gal 43, Gal 44, and Gal 46, were evaluated for a beneficial effect in a scopolamine model of dementia in mice. They were designed to have all the advantages of galantamine and additionally to inhibit β-secretase and exert favorable effects on plasma lipids. Behavioral tests included step-through inhibitory avoidance, T-maze, and the hole-board test, whereas biochemical evaluations involved assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity, brain monoamines levels, lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities along with measurement of total glutathione. Results show that Gal 43, Gal 44, and, in particular, Gal 46 are especially effective in improving both short- and long-term memory and in the case of Gal 46 having a significant effect on exploratory activity as well. Although Gal 34 did not show behavioral effects as convincing as those of the other three galantamine derivatives, it demonstrated persuasive antioxidant and restorative capacities, making all four galantamine derivatives promising AD treatment agents and prompting further research, especially that in many of our studies they performed better than galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Daniela Tsekova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Vezenkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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140
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Busquets O, Parcerisas A, Verdaguer E, Ettcheto M, Camins A, Beas-Zarate C, Castro-Torres RD, Auladell C. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases in Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Target for the Modulation of the Earliest Alterations. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S127-S139. [PMID: 33216036 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the highly multifactorial origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, disentangling and orderly knowing mechanisms involved in sporadic onset are arduous. Nevertheless, when the elements involved are dissected into smaller pieces, the task becomes more accessible. This review aimed to describe the link between c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs), master regulators of many cellular functions, and the early alterations of AD: synaptic loss and dysregulation of neuronal transport. Both processes have a role in the posterior cognitive decline observed in AD. The manuscript focuses on the molecular mechanisms of glutamatergic, GABA, and cholinergic synapses altered by the presence of amyloid-β aggregates and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as on several consequences of the disruption of cellular processes linked to neuronal transport that is controlled by the JNK-JIP (c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins (JIPs) complex, including the transport of AβPP or autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rubén Darío Castro-Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Biology of Neurotransmission, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carme Auladell
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity of green synthesized nanosilver by naphthopyrones isolated from marine-derived Aspergillus niger. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257071. [PMID: 34506550 PMCID: PMC8432876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger metabolites exhibited a wide range of biological properties including antioxidant and neuro-protective effects and some physical properties as green synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNP. The present study presents a novel evidence for the various biological activities of green synthesized AgNPs. For the first time, some isolated naphtho-γ-pyrones from marine-derived Aspergillus niger, flavasperone (1), rubrofusarin B (2), aurasperone A (3), fonsecinone A (4) in addition to one alkaloid aspernigrin A (7) were invistigated for their inhibitory activity of acetylcholine esterase AChE, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability to synthesize AgNPs by compounds 3, 4 and 7 has been also tested for the first time. Green synthesized AgNPs were well-dispersed, and their size was ranging from 8–30 nm in diameter, their morphology was obviously spherical capped with the organic compounds. Further biological evaluation of their AChE inhibitory activity was compared to the parent compounds. AgNps dramatically increased the inhibitory activity of Compounds 4, 3 and 7 by 84, 16 and 13 fold, respectively to be more potent than galanthamine as a positive control with IC50 value of 1.43 compared to 0.089, 0.311 and 1.53 of AgNPs of Compounds 4, 3 and 7, respectively. Also compound 2 showed moderate inhibitory activity. This is could be probably explained by closer fitting to the active sites or the synergistic effect of the stabilized AgNPs by the organic compouds. These results, in addition to other intrinsic chemical and biological properties of naphtho-γ-pyrones, suggest that the latter could be further explored with a view towards other neuroprotective studies for alleviating AD.
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Tail-vein injection of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles facilitates the restoration of hippocampal neuronal morphology and function in APP / PS1 mice. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:230. [PMID: 34482379 PMCID: PMC8418600 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as a therapeutic agent, have shown great promise in the treatment of neurological diseases. To date, the neurorestorative effects and underlying mechanism of MSC-EVs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well known. Herein, we aimed to investigate the action of MSC-EVs on the neuronal deficits in β-amyloid protein (Aβ)-stimulated hippocampal neurons, or AD cell (SHSY5Y cell lines) and animal (APPswe / PS1dE9 mice) models. In the present study, the cell and AD models received a single-dose of MSC-EVs, and were then assessed for behavioral deficits, pathological changes, intracellular calcium transients, neuronal morphology alterations, or electrophysiological variations. Additionally, the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, a key mediator of neuronal injury in AD) signaling pathway was probed by western blotting in vitro and in vivo models of AD. Our results showed that MSC-EVs therapy improved the cognitive impairments and reduced the hippocampal Aβ aggregation and neuronal loss in AD mice. Markedly, EV treatment restored the calcium oscillations, dendritic spine alterations, action potential abnormalities, or mitochondrial changes in the hippocampus of AD models. Also, we found that the Nrf2 signaling pathway participated in the actions of MSC-EVs in the cell and animal models. Together, these data indicate that MS-EVs as promising nanotherapeutics for restoration of hippocampal neuronal morphology and function in APP / PS1 mice, further highlighting the clinical values of MSC-EVs in the treatment of AD.
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Gadhave K, Kumar D, Uversky VN, Giri R. A multitude of signaling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and their roles in AD pathogenesis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2689-2745. [PMID: 32783388 PMCID: PMC7876169 DOI: 10.1002/med.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology continue to represent a mystery. In the past decades, comprehensive data were generated on the involvement of different signaling pathways in the AD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of drugs against AD is rather limited due to the immense complexity of the brain and intricate molecular links between these pathways. Therefore, finding a correlation and cross-talk between these signaling pathways and establishing different therapeutic targets within and between those pathways are needed for better understanding of the biological events responsible for the AD-related neurodegeneration. For example, autophagy is a conservative cellular process that shows link with many other AD-related pathways and is crucial for maintenance of the correct cellular balance by degrading AD-associated pathogenic proteins. Considering the central role of autophagy in AD and its interplay with many other pathways, the finest therapeutic strategy to fight against AD is the use of autophagy as a target. As an essential step in this direction, this comprehensive review represents recent findings on the individual AD-related signaling pathways, describes key features of these pathways and their cross-talk with autophagy, represents current drug development, and introduces some of the multitarget beneficial approaches and strategies for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:1-97. [PMID: 34560919 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD. In addition, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD and TBI for neuroprotection is the need of the hour. Since stem cells and neurotrophic factors play important roles in TBI and in AD, it is likely that nanodelivery of these agents exert superior neuroprotection in TBI induced exacerbation of AD brain pathology. In this review, these aspects are examined in details based on our own investigations in the light of current scientific literature in the field. Our observations show that TBI exacerbates AD brain pathology and TiO2 nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells together with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, and monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein thwarted the development of neuropathology following TBI in AD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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145
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Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of oxiracetam enhances memory, functional recovery and induces neuroprotection following concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:139-230. [PMID: 34560921 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel are the most susceptible to concussive head injury (CHI) caused by explosion, blast or missile or blunt head trauma. Mild to moderate CHI could induce lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances causing significant decrease in quality of life. Severe CHI leads to instant death and lifetime paralysis. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents or new features of known pharmacological agents are needed to enhance quality of life of CHI victims. Previous reports from our laboratory showed that mild CHI induced by weight drop technique causing an impact of 0.224N results in profound progressive functional deficit, memory impairment and brain pathology from 5h after trauma that continued over several weeks of injury. In this investigation we report that TiO2 nanowired delivery of oxiracetam (50mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 5 days after CHI resulted in significant improvement of functional deficit on the 8th day. This was observed using Rota Rod treadmill, memory improvement assessed by the time spent in finding hidden platform under water. The motor function improvement is seen in oxiracetam treated CHI group by placing forepaw on an inclined mesh walking and foot print analysis for stride length and distance between hind feet. TiO2-nanowired oxiracetam also induced marked improvements in the cerebral blood flow, reduction in the BBB breakdown and edema formation as well as neuroprotection of neuronal, glial and myelin damages caused by CHI at light and electron microscopy on the 7th day after 5 days TiO2 oxiracetam treatment. Adverse biochemical events such as upregulation of CSF nitrite and nitrate, IL-6, TNF-a and p-Tau are also reduced significantly in oxiracetam treated CHI group. On the other hand post treatment of 100mg/kg dose of normal oxiracetam in identical conditions after CHI is needed to show slight but significant neuroprotection together with mild recovery of memory function and functional deficits on the 8th day. These observations are the first to point out that nanowired delivery of oxiracetam has superior neuroprotective ability in CHI. These results indicate a promising clinical future of TiO2 oxiracetam in treating CHI patients for better quality of life and neurorehabilitation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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146
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Cui W, Fu W, Lin Y, Zhang T. Application of Nanomaterials in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:83-94. [PMID: 32213159 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200326093410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain, resulting in the failure of the traditional drug delivery system to provide adequate cellular structure repair and connection modes, which are crucial for the functional recovery of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomaterials are designed to carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier for targets. Nanotechnology uses engineering materials or equipment to interact with biological systems at the molecular level to induce physiological responses through stimulation, response and target site interactions, while minimizing the side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Some magnetic nanomaterials play a role as imaging agents or nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assist in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the current research on nanomaterials is not as useful as expected in clinical applications, it achieves a major breakthrough and guides the future development direction of nanotechnology in the application of neurodegenerative diseases. This review briefly discusses the application and advantages of nanomaterials in neurodegenerative diseases. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and references from relevant articles published in English between 2015 and 2019 using the search terms "nanomaterials", "neurodegenerative diseases" and "blood-brain barrier".
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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147
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Gao Y, Li J, Wu Q, Wang S, Yang S, Li X, Chen N, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside ameliorates Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 mice via glutathione peroxidase related ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108002. [PMID: 34333354 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) has been confirmed to be an essential reason of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for a long time. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized oxidative cell death mechanism, which is highly related to AD. Recently, tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) has been beneficial in alleviating learning and memory of AD and aged mouse model. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms between TSG and ferroptosis in AD are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated whether neural cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus that were seriously afflicted in APP/PS1 mice might be vulnerable to ferroptosis. Treatment with non-toxic TSG dose-dependently resisted Aβ-caused cytotoxic death in neuronal cells by regulating ferroptosis related proteins and enzymes in APP/PS1 mice. TSG also alleviated cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in response to Aβ by attenuating the levels of oxidation products. Importantly, TSG administration abrogated Aβ-caused brain damage, indicating that TSG rescued brain cells. Subsequently, TSG promoted the activation of GSH/GPX4/ROS and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Notably, markers related to ferroptosis including increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced neuroinflammation such as NLRP3, and also the expression of DMT1, ACSL4 and NCOA4, were reduced by TSG administration. In addition, TSG enhanced antioxidative stress via the upregulation of SOD, and the expression of FTH1, CD98 and xCT. Taken together, our data indicated a novel mechanism of TSG in reversing Aβ-caused injury through restoring mitochondrial function via several signaling pathways, implying a promising candidate against neurodegenerative diseases especially AD. Hence, TSG should be taken into consideration during treatment of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
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148
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Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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149
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Zhang M, Wu Q, Zhao R, Yao X, Du X, Liu Q, Lv G, Xiao S. Isobavachalcone ameliorates cognitive deficits, and Aβ and tau pathologies in triple-transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2021; 12:7749-7761. [PMID: 34269361 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects 50 million people worldwide. The current medicines have modest benefits in preventing or curing AD. Thus, it is urgent to discover drugs with the potential to change the progression of the disease. The primary clinical symptoms are memory loss and anxiety, while the critical pathological characteristics are Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. In this study, isobavachalcone (ISO), isolated from Psoralea corylifolia, was administered to 3×Tg-AD mice. It has been shown that this compound could significantly improve anxiety, memory and recognition deficits in the AD mice, attenuate the accumulation of Aβ oligomers, reduce the hyperphosphorylation of tau, and prevent the production of tau filaments. The metabolomic analysis implicates that the most probable pathways affected by ISO were bile secretion, tyrosine metabolism, and purine metabolism. In summary, ISO possesses the potential for further development as a drug candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
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150
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Huang Z, Ji H, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhi Z. Engeletin Attenuates Aβ1-42-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation by Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 43:1759-1771. [PMID: 32445069 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neuropathologic disease characterized by aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play crucial role in the development of AD. Engeletin is a flavononol glycoside that possesses anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effects of engeletin on AD have not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the role of engeletin in AD using an in vitro AD model. Murine microglia BV-2 cells were stimulated with Aβ1-42 (5 μM) for 24 h to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results showed that treatment with engeletin suppressed Aβ1-42-induced viability reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in BV-2 cells. Engeletin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress in BV-2 cells, as proved by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Aβ1-42-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were inhibited by engeletin treatment. Besides, engeletin inhibited Aβ1-42-induced production and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Engeletin enhanced Aβ1-42-induced activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in BV-2 cells. Inhibition of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway reversed the inhibitory effects of engeletin on Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells. Taken together, engeletin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells via regulating the of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings indicated that engeletin might be served as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Hu Ji
- Department of Neurology, Lianshui People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223400, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Xinchen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 62 South Huaihai Road, Huai'an, 223002, China.
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