101
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Stachewicz U. Application of Electrospun Polymeric Fibrous Membranes as Patches for Atopic Skin Treatments. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2022_139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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102
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Dey S, Samadder A, Nandi S. Current Role of Nanotechnology Used in Food Processing Industry to Control Food Additives and Exploring Their Biochemical Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:513-539. [PMID: 34915833 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666211216150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of food additives centuries ago, the human race has found ways to improve and maintain the safety of utility, augment the taste, color, texture, nutritional value, and appearance of the food. Since the 19th century, when the science behind food spoilage was discerned, the use of food additives in food preservation has been increasing worldwide and at a fast pace to get along with modern lifestyles. Although food additives are thought to be used to benefit the food market, some of them are found to be associated with several health issues at an alarming rate. Studies are still going on regarding the mechanisms by which food additives affect public health. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find out the remedies by exploiting technologies that may convey new properties of food additives that can only enhance the quality of food without having any systemic side effects. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the production of nano-food additives and evaluates its success regarding reduction in the health-related hazards collaterally maintaining the food nutrient value. METHODOLOGY A thorough literature study was performed using scientific databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science for determining the design of the study, and each article was checked for citation and referred to formulate the present review article. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology can be applied in the food processing industry to control the unregulated use of food additives and to intervene in the biochemical mechanisms at a cellular and physiological level for the ensuring safety of food products. The prospective of nano-additive of chemical origin could be useful to reduce risks of hazards related to human health that are caused majorly due to the invasion of food contaminants (either intentional or non-intentional) into food, though this area still needs scientific validation. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive knowledge on different facets of food contaminants and also serves as a platform of ideas for encountering health risk problems about the design of improved versions of nano-additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (GIPER) (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University). Kashipur-244713. India
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Hryciw DH, Jackson CA, Shrestha N, Parsons D, Donnelley M, McAinch AJ. Role for animal models in understanding essential fatty acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7991-7999. [PMID: 34741185 PMCID: PMC11072998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential fatty acid deficiency has been observed in most patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF); however, pancreatic supplementation does not restore the deficiency, suggesting a different pathology independent of the pancreas. At this time, the underlying pathological mechanisms are largely unknown. Essential fatty acids are obtained from the diet and processed by organs including the liver and intestine, two organs significantly impacted by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (Cftr). There are several CF animal models in a variety of species that have been developed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with the CF phenotype. Specifically, global and systemic mutations in Cftr which mimic genotypic changes identified in CF patients have been generated in mice, rats, sheep, pigs and ferrets. These mutations produce CFTR proteins with a gating defect, trafficking defect, or an absent or inactive CFTR channel. Essential fatty acids are critical to CFTR function, with a bidirectional relationship between CFTR and essential fatty acids proposed. Currently, there are limited analyses on the essential fatty acid status in most of these animal models. Of interest, in the mouse model, essential fatty acid status is dependent on the genotype and resultant phenotype of the mouse. Future investigations should identify an optimal animal model that has most of the phenotypic changes associated with CF including the essential fatty acid deficiencies, which can be used in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne H Hryciw
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Courtney A Jackson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
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104
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Wrzosek M, Zawadzka Z, Sawicka A, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Białek A. Impact of Fatty Acids on Obesity-Associated Diseases and Radical Weight Reduction. Obes Surg 2021; 32:428-440. [PMID: 34813039 PMCID: PMC8794933 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Fatty acids (FA), particularly polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, are involved in the regulation of glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess patient FA profile in relation to obesity, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, and weight loss. Materials and Methods The studied group consisted of 51 patients with extreme obesity, 23 of whom achieved radical weight reduction within 1 year after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). FA levels were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Results Patients with extreme obesity and higher serum PUFA content have lower serum levels of SFA and MUFA (especially myristic, palmitic, lignoceric acids and palmitoleic, oleic acids), as well as lower triglyceride and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and it was not influenced by CEPT Taq1B variant. At baseline, the fatty acid profile of patients with type II diabetes differ from patients with dyslipidemia. In patients who had lost weight, significantly lower levels of selected saturated FA and major trans-fatty acid, elaidic, were found. Moreover, the proportion of PUFA was increased. Conclusion In extreme obesity, higher PUFA exert their favorable effects on serum lipids. Significant weight reduction after the bariatric surgery is associated with beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zawadzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ada Sawicka
- Department of Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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105
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Zelnik ID, Kim JL, Futerman AH. The Complex Tail of Circulating Sphingolipids in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:268-281. [PMID: 34621698 PMCID: PMC8473959 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are critical players in a number of cellular processes and have recently been implicated in a large number of human diseases, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SLs are generated intracellularly in a stepwise manner, starting with the generation of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), followed by N-acylation of the LCB to form ceramide, which can be subsequently metabolized to sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. Fatty acids, which are taken up by cells prior to their activation to fatty acyl-CoAs, are used in 2 of these enzymatic steps, including by ceramide synthases, which use fatty acyl-CoAs of different chain lengths to generate ceramides with different N-acyl chain lengths. Recently, alterations in plasma ceramides with specific N-acyl chain lengths and degrees of saturation have emerged as novel biomarkers for the prediction of atherosclerosis and overall cardiovascular risk in the general population. We briefly review the sources of plasma SLs in atherosclerosis, the roles of SLs in CVD, and the possible use of the "ceramide score" as a prognostic marker for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris D Zelnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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106
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Daidj NBB, Lamri-Senhadji M. Hepatoprotective and Anti-Obesity Properties of Sardine By-Product Oil in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:285-295. [PMID: 34737989 PMCID: PMC8531423 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess lipid intake can trigger liver lipid accumulation and oxidative responses, which can lead to metabolic disturbances and contribute to hepatic steatosis and obesity and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Production of fish oil rich in omega-3 is a good opportunity for valorizing fish by-products in the therapeutic field. In this study, we explored the effects of oil from Sardina pilchardus by-products on cardiometabolic and oxidative disorders caused by toxic effects of excess lipids in obese rats. Three groups of obese rats received either 20% sardine by-product oil (SBy-Ob-HS; experimental group), 20% fillet oil (SF-Ob-HS; positive control group), or a high-fat diet (Ob-HS). Normal weight rats received a standard diet (normal). There was a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), and insulin concentrations in the SBy-Ob-HS group compared with the SF-Ob-HS group. Compared with the Ob-HS group, TC and TG, glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulinemia were decreased in the SBy-Ob-HS (more notably) and SF-Ob-HS groups. Furthermore, hepatic lipids, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (C), the non-esterified cholesterol/phos-pholipids ratio, serum transaminases activities and lipid peroxidation were lower and serum high density lipoproteins-C were higher in the SBy-Ob-HS and SF-Ob-HS groups compared with the Ob-HS group. Serum isoprostane concentrations were reduced in the SBy-Ob-HS (more notably) and SF-Ob-HS groups compared with the Ob-HS and normal groups. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in tissues were enhanced, particularly in the by-product oil group. The oil extracted from by-products demonstrate anti-obesity properties (hypolipemiant, hepatoprotective, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant) that may be beneficial for the management of obesity and its complications, such as hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Boukhari Benahmed Daidj
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Oran 31100, Algeria.,Higher School of Biological Sciences of Oran (ESSBO), University Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31100, Algeria
| | - Myriem Lamri-Senhadji
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Oran 31100, Algeria
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107
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Herrera Vielma F, Valenzuela R, Videla LA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators as A Potential Immune-Nutritional Intervention: A Molecular and Clinical View in Hepatic Disease and Other Non-Communicable Illnesses. Nutrients 2021; 13:3384. [PMID: 34684386 PMCID: PMC8539469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake on human health has been widely accepted in the field of immunonutrition. Today, we find a diversity of supplements based on n-3 PUFAs and/or minerals, vitamins and other substances. The main objective of this review is to discuss the importance of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives on immunity and inflammatory status related to liver disease and other non-communicable illnesses. Based on the burden of liver diseases in 2019, more than two million people die from liver pathologies per year worldwide, because it is the organ most exposed to agents such as viruses, toxins and medications. Consequently, research conducted on n-3 PUFAs for liver disease has been gaining prominence with encouraging results, given that these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In addition, it has been described that n-3 PUFAs are converted into a novel species of lipid intermediaries, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). At specific levels, SPMs improve the termination of inflammation as well as the repairing and regeneration of tissues, but they are deregulated in liver disease. Since evidence is still insufficient to carry out pharmacological trials to benefit the resolution of acute inflammation in non-communicable diseases, there remains a call for continuing preclinical and clinical research to better understand SPM actions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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108
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Chen Y, Miura Y, Sakurai T, Chen Z, Shrestha R, Kato S, Okada E, Ukawa S, Nakagawa T, Nakamura K, Tamakoshi A, Chiba H, Imai H, Minami H, Mizuta M, Hui SP. Comparison of dimension reduction methods on fatty acids food source study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18748. [PMID: 34548525 PMCID: PMC8455623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum fatty acids (FAs) exist in the four lipid fractions of triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Total fatty acids (TFAs) indicate the sum of FAs in them. In this study, four statistical analysis methods, which are independent component analysis (ICA), factor analysis, common principal component analysis (CPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were conducted to uncover food sources of FAs among the four lipid fractions (CE, FFA, and TG + PL). Among the methods, ICA provided the most suggestive results. To distinguish the animal fat intake from endogenous fatty acids, FFA variables in ICA and factor analysis were studied. ICA provided more distinct suggestions of FA food sources (endogenous, plant oil intake, animal fat intake, and fish oil intake) than factor analysis. Moreover, ICA was discovered as a new approach to distinguish animal FAs from endogenous FAs, which will have an impact on epidemiological studies. In addition, the correlation coefficients between a published dataset of food FA compositions and the loading values obtained in the present ICA study suggested specific foods as serum FA sources. In conclusion, we found that ICA is a useful tool to uncover food sources of serum FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Rojeet Shrestha
- Patients Choice Laboratories, 7026 Corporate Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46278, USA
| | - Sota Kato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | | | - Koshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Computer Science and Information Technology Mathematical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minami
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizuta
- Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan.
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109
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Sorokina M, McCaffrey KS, Deaton EE, Ma G, Ordovás JM, Perkins-Veazie PM, Steinbeck C, Levi A, Parnell LD. A Catalog of Natural Products Occurring in Watermelon- Citrullus lanatus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729822. [PMID: 34595201 PMCID: PMC8476801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet dessert watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed throughout the world. The chemical composition of watermelon provides both high nutritional value and various health benefits. The present manuscript introduces a catalog of 1,679 small molecules occurring in the watermelon and their cheminformatics analysis for diverse features. In this catalog, the phytochemicals are associated with the literature describing their presence in the watermelon plant, and when possible, concentration values in various plant parts (flesh, seeds, leaves, roots, rind). Also cataloged are the chemical classes, molecular weight and formula, chemical structure, and certain physical and chemical properties for each phytochemical. In our view, knowing precisely what is in what we eat, as this catalog does for watermelon, supports both the rationale for certain controlled feeding studies in the field of precision nutrition, and plant breeding efforts for the development of new varieties with enhanced concentrations of specific phytochemicals. Additionally, improved and comprehensive collections of natural products accessible to the public will be especially useful to researchers in nutrition, cheminformatics, bioinformatics, and drug development, among other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sorokina
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Erin E. Deaton
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Guoying Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticulture, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amnon Levi
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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110
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Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids: A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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111
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Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Pure Filamentous Fungal Biomass as a Novel Ingredient for Fish Feed. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of aquaculture and the lack of fish meal demand new sustainable ingredients. Although fungal biomass is found to be a promising sustainable fish feed supplementation candidate, the characteristics of this protein-rich source are closely influenced by the quality of the applied growth medium. In this work, the nutritional properties of pure filamentous fungal biomass provided from the cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora intermedia and Rhzopus oryzae were evaluated to assess their potential as alternative novel protein sources in fish feed. In this regard, fungal biomass yields of up to 0.19 ± 0.005 (g dry biomass/g substrate glucose) were obtained during submerged cultivation of fungal strains. The pure fungal biomass acquired could contain significant amounts of protein up to 62.2 ± 1.2% (w/w). The obtained protein had a high quality with notable inclusion of essential amino acids such as lysine, arginine, methionine and threonine with comparable concentrations to those of fish meal. Fungal biomass is mainly considered as protein source, however, entitlement of 6.9 ± 0.5, 4.0 ± 0.7 and 17.2 ± 1.1% (w/w) of lipids and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) of 1.37:1, 1.74:1 and 1.47:1 in A. oryzae, N. intermedia and R. oryzae, respectively, signal health benefits for the fish. Considering the results, protein-rich pure fungal biomass with amino acid composition is greatly compatible with fish meal, and contains essential nutrients such as fatty acids and minerals. This pure biomass constitutes a promising sustainable alternative supplement to be introduced in fish feed industry.
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112
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Tang Y, Li M, Lin Y, Wang L, Wu F, Wang X. A Novel Green Diluent for the Preparation of Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) Membranes via a Thermally-Induced Phase Separation Method. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:622. [PMID: 34436385 PMCID: PMC8401962 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of green solvents satisfies safer chemical engineering practices and environmental security. Herein, myristic acid (MA)-a green diluent-was selected to prepare poly- (4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) membranes with bicontinuous porous structure via a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process to maintain a high gas permeability. Firstly, based on the Hansen solubility parameter 'distance', Ra, the effect of four natural fatty acids on the PMP membrane structure was compared and studied to determine the optimal green diluent, MA. The thermodynamic phase diagram of the PMP-MA system was calculated and presented to show that a liquid-liquid phase separation region could be found during the TIPS process and the monotectic point was around 34.89 wt%. Then, the effect of the PMP concentration on the morphologies and crystallization behavior was systematically investigated to determine a proper PMP concentration for the membrane preparation. Finally, PMP hollow fiber (HF) membranes were fabricated with a PMP concentration of 30 wt% for the membrane performance characterization. The resultant PMP HF membranes possessed good performances that the porosity was 70%, the tensile strength was 96 cN, and the nitrogen flux was 8.20 ± 0.10 mL·(bar·cm2·min)-1. We believe that this work can be a beneficial reference for people interested in the preparation of PMP membranes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (M.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mufei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.T.); (M.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Yakai Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Fangyu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.W.); (F.W.)
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113
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in Oil and Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis during Artemisia sphaerocephala Seed Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168369. [PMID: 34445076 PMCID: PMC8395072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala seeds are rich in polysaccharides and linoleic acid (C18:2), which have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve food quality. The accumulation patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides during A. sphaerocephala seed development have been studied. However, the related research on seed oil and C18:2 remain unclear. For this study, A. sphaerocephala seeds at seven different development stages at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after flowering (designated as S1~S7), respectively, were employed as experimental samples, the accumulation patterns of oil and fatty acids (FA) and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms were analyzed. The results revealed that oil content increased from 10.1% to 20.0% in the early stages of seed development (S1~S2), and up to 32.0% in mature seeds, of which C18:2 accounted for 80.6% of the total FA. FA and triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes jointly involved in the rapid accumulation of oil in S1~S2. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that transcription factors FUS3 and bHLH played a critical role in the seed oil biosynthesis. The perfect harmonization of the high expression of FAD2 with the extremely low expression of FAD3 regulated the accumulation of C18:2. This study uncovered the gene involved in oil biosynthesis and molecular regulatory mechanisms of high C18:2 accumulation in A. sphaerocephala seeds; thus, advancing research into unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plants while generating valuable genetic resources for optimal C18:2 breeding.
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Identification of the fatty acids profiles in supercritical CO2 fluid and Soxhlet extraction of Samara oil from different cultivars of Elaeagnus mollis Diels seeds. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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115
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Ooi KLM, Vacy K, Boon WC. Fatty acids and beyond: Age and Alzheimer's disease related changes in lipids reveal the neuro-nutraceutical potential of lipids in cognition. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105143. [PMID: 34311029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential in maintaining brain function, and lipid profiles have been reported to be altered in aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains as compared to healthy mature brains. Both age and AD share common metabolic hallmarks such as increased oxidative stress and perturbed metabolic function, and age remains the most strongly correlated risk factor for AD, a neurodegenerative disease. A major accompanying pathological symptom of these conditions is cognitive impairment, which is linked with changes in lipid metabolism. Thus, nutraceuticals that affect brain lipid metabolism or lipid levels as a whole have the potential to ameliorate cognitive decline. Lipid analyses and lipidomic studies reveal changes in specific lipid types with aging and AD, which can identify potential lipid-based nutraceuticals to restore the brain to a healthy lipid phenotype. The brain lipid profile can be influenced directly with dietary administration of lipids themselves, although because of synergistic effects of nutrients it may be more useful to consider a multi-component diet rather than single nutrient supplementation. Gut microbiota also serve as a source of beneficial lipids, and the value of treatments that manipulate the composition of gut microbiome should not be ignored. Lastly, instead of direct supplementation, compounds that affect pathways involved with lipid metabolism should also be considered as a way of manipulating lipid levels to improve cognition. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of lipids in the brain, the changing lipid profile in AD, current research on lipid-based nutraceuticals and their therapeutic potential to combat cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Lin Murata Ooi
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristina Vacy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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116
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Deng Y, Wu Q, Chen W, Zhu L, Liu W, Xia F, Sun L, Lin X, Zeng R. Lipidomics reveals association of circulating lipids with body mass index and outcomes in IgA nephropathy patients. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:mjab040. [PMID: 34272854 PMCID: PMC8697343 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which are commonly accompanied by dyslipidemia. Obesity is also associated with dyslipidemia and risk of CKD, but the relation of the dyslipidemia patterns with obesity and disease progression in IgAN patients remains unknown. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the combined treatment with corticosteroids and TCM have been shown to be of benefit for IgAN patients, but predictive markers for guiding these treatments are lacking. Here, we quantified 545 lipid species in the plasma from 196 participants, including 140 IgAN patients and 56 healthy volunteers, and revealed an altered plasma lipidome in IgAN patients as compared to healthy participants. Association analysis showed that a sub-group of glycerides, particularly triacylglycerols (TGs) containing docosahexaenoic acid, were positively associated with high body mass index (BMI) in under- or normal weight IgAN patients, while several free fatty acids and sphingomyelins were positively associated with high BMI in overweight or obese IgAN patients. Further, our study suggested that elevated levels of eight lipids, mainly TG species containing linolenic acid, were independent risk factors for IgAN progression and also reported the prospective association of circulating lipids with treatment outcomes in IgAN. Taken together, our findings may not only help to achieve precision medicine but also provide a knowledge base for dietary intervention in the treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,
China
| | - Wanjia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,
China
| | - Wangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangying Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,
China
| | - Liang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in
Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,
China
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117
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Raman Study on Lipid Droplets in Hepatic Cells Co-Cultured with Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147378. [PMID: 34298998 PMCID: PMC8307330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate molecular compositions of lipid droplets changing in live hepatic cells stimulated with major fatty acids in the human body, i.e., palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. HepG2 cells were used as the model hepatic cells. Morphological changes of lipid droplets were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during co-cultivation with fatty acids up to 5 days. The compositional changes in the fatty chains included in the lipid droplets were analyzed via Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. The growth curves of the cells indicated that palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids induced cell death in HepG2 cells, but oleic acid did not. Microscopic observations suggested that the rates of fat accumulation were high for oleic and linoleic acids, but low for palmitic and stearic acids. Raman analysis indicated that linoleic fatty chains taken into the cells are modified into oleic fatty chains. These results suggest that the signaling pathway of cell death is independent of fat stimulations. Moreover, these results suggest that hepatic cells have a high affinity for linoleic acid, but linoleic acid induces cell death in these cells. This may be one of the causes of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Vogel DDS, Ortiz-Villatoro NN, Araújo NS, Marques MJG, Aimbire F, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, Albertini R. Transcranial low-level laser therapy in an in vivo model of stroke: Relevance to the brain infarct, microglia activation and neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000500. [PMID: 33580734 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause of death and functional disability. The available therapy affects only 5% of patients, and new therapeutic approaches have been constantly tested. Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) is promising for its neuroprotective effect on brain injuries. Thus, the present study investigated the PBM effects in an in vivo model of ischemic stroke induced by photothrombosis (PT). Five different groups of Wistar rats were submitted or not to a daily dose of fish oil or/and laser sessions for 2 months. The ischemia volume was evaluated by stereology; GFAP, Iba and NeuN by immunohistochemistry; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β by ELISA assay. PBM influenced both the lesion volume and the GFAP. Furthermore, PBM and Ω-3 or both reduced Iba RNAm. PBM reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, brain damage, neuroinflammation and microglial activation, and it increased astroglial activity in peri-lesioned region after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora D S Vogel
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nancy N Ortiz-Villatoro
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi S Araújo
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Jonathas Guimarães Marques
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano e Reabilitação, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Huai X, Sun Y, Sun X, Wu W, Wang L, Jiang R, Gong S, Li J, Miao Y, Yuan P, Zhao Q. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on predicting the survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:995. [PMID: 34277795 PMCID: PMC8267313 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal lipid metabolism has been reported in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH); however, the prognostic value of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) for these patients is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether FFA can play a role in predicting the survival of patients with IPAH. Methods A total of 69 blood samples from patients with IPAH were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the classification criteria for pulmonary hypertension in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines, patients were divided into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups. The FFA expression levels of patients in the three groups were compared, and the indicators with significant differences were selected. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between survival and different factors. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive effect of plasma lipids in assessing patients’ risk of morbidity, including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and the best cutoff value. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to predict survival. Results A total of 24 FFA molecules were detected in the patients with IPAH. Among them, FFA (20:4), FFA (20:5), FFA (22:5), FFA (22:6), FFA (24:0) and FFA (30:4) showed significant differences between the low-risk and the intermediate-risk or high-risk patients with IPAH. These six FFAs were significantly correlated with hemodynamic parameters. FFA (22:6), named docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), displayed significant negative correlations with World Health Organization functional classification (WHO FC), mean right atrial pressure (mRAP), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and significant positive correlations with 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and cardiac index (CI). Cox regression analyses demonstrated that total bilirubin (TBIL) and DHA were independent risk factors for survival of IPAH. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that DHA had a cut-off value of 77.55, which had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 62.5% for predicting survival. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that a lower level of DHA predicted a poor outcome in patients with IPAH. Conclusions Our study suggested that FFA levels were correlated with disease severity. Lower levels of DHA predict poor survival in patients with IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huai
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Sun
- Department of Fever, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Waehler R. Fatty acids: facts vs. fiction. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34041926 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 100 years official dietary guidelines have recommended an increased consumption of fats derived from seeds while decreasing the consumption of traditional fats, especially saturated fats. These recommendations are being challenged by recent studies. Furthermore, the increased use of refining processes in fat production had deleterious health effects. Today, the number of high-quality studies on fatty acids is large enough to make useful recommendations on clinical application and everyday practice. Saturated fats have many beneficial functions and palmitic acid appears to be problematic only when it is synthesized due to excess fructose consumption. Trans fatty acids were shown to be harmful when they are manmade but beneficial when of natural origin. Conjugated linoleic acid has many benefits but the isomer mix that is available in supplement form differs from its natural origin and may better be avoided. The ω3 fatty acid linolenic acid has rather limited use as an anti-inflammatory agent - a fact that is frequently overlooked. On the other hand, the targeted use of long chain ω3 fatty acids based on blood analysis has great potential to supplement or even be an alternative to various pharmacological therapies. At the same time ω6 fatty acids like linoleic acid and arachidonic acid have important physiological functions and should not be avoided but their consumption needs to be balanced with long chain ω3 fatty acids. The quality and quantity of these fats together with appropriate antioxidative protection are critical for their positive health effects.
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121
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Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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Cerón-Martínez LJ, Hurtado-Benavides AM, Ayala-Aponte A, Serna-Cock L, Tirado DF. A Pilot-Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction to Valorize Colombian Mango Seed Kernel. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082279. [PMID: 33920056 PMCID: PMC8071016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colombian mango production, which exceeded 261,000 t in 2020, generates about 40% of the whole fruit as solid waste, of which more than 50% are seed kernels (over 52,000 t solid by-product); though none is currently used for commercial purposes. This study reports the results of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of an oil rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) from revalorized mango seed kernels and the optimization of the process by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In pilot-scale scCO2 experiments, pressure (23–37 MPa) and temperature (52–73 °C) were varied, using 4.5 kg of CO2. The highest experimental oil extraction yield was 83 g/kg (37 MPa and 63 °C); while RSM predicted that 84 g/kg would be extracted at 35 MPa and 65 °C. Moreover, by fine-tuning pressure and temperature it was possible to obtain an EFA-rich lipid fraction in linoleic (37 g/kg) and α-linolenic (4 g/kg) acids, along with a high oleic acid content (155 g/kg), by using a relatively low extraction pressure (23 MPa), which makes the process a promising approach for the extraction of oil from mango waste on an industrial scale, based on a circular economy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy J. Cerón-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías Emergentes en Agroindustria (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, 1175 Pasto, Colombia; (L.J.C.-M.); (A.M.H.-B.)
| | - Andrés M. Hurtado-Benavides
- Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías Emergentes en Agroindustria (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, 1175 Pasto, Colombia; (L.J.C.-M.); (A.M.H.-B.)
| | | | - Liliana Serna-Cock
- School of Engineering and Administration, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 763533 Palmira, Colombia;
| | - Diego F. Tirado
- Grupo de Investigación en Innovación y Desarrollo Agropecuario y Agroindustrial (IDAA), Universidad de Cartagena, Campus Piedra de Bolívar, 130015 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Aikawa T, Ren Y, Holm ML, Asmann YW, Alam A, Fitzgerald ML, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. ABCA7 Regulates Brain Fatty Acid Metabolism During LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:647974. [PMID: 33897360 PMCID: PMC8059705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.647974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) gene is one of the significant susceptibility loci for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, ABCA7 loss of function variants resulting from premature termination codon in the gene are associated with increased risk for AD. ABCA7 belongs to the ABC transporter family, which mediates the transport of diverse metabolites across the cell membrane. ABCA7 is also involved in modulating immune responses. Because the immune system and lipid metabolism causatively engage in the pathogenesis of AD, we investigated how ABCA7 haplodeficiency modulates the metabolic profile in mouse brains during acute immune response using a metabolomics approach through LC/Q-TOF-MS. Peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation substantially influenced the metabolite content in the cortex, however, the effect on metabolic profiles in Abca7 heterozygous knockout mice (Abca7±) was modest compared to that in the control wild-type mice. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the metabolomics dataset identified two modules influenced by LPS administration and ABCA7 haplodeficiency, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and α-linolenic acid metabolism were identified as major pathways. Consistent with these findings, we also found that LPS stimulation increased the brain levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid in Abca7± mice, but not control mice. Together, our results indicate that ABCA7 is involved in the crosstalk between fatty acid metabolism and inflammation in the brain, and disturbances in these pathways may contribute to the risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Aikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Marie-Louise Holm
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Amer Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Ortega L, Lobos-González L, Reyna-Jeldes M, Cerda D, De la Fuente-Ortega E, Castro P, Bernal G, Coddou C. The Ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid selectively induces apoptosis in tumor-derived cells and suppress tumor growth in gastric cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173910. [PMID: 33508285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite current achievements and innovations in cancer treatment, conventional chemotherapy has several limitations, such as unsatisfactory long-term survival, cancer drug resistance and toxicity against non-tumoral cells. In the search for safer therapeutic alternatives, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has shown promising effects inhibiting tumor growth without significant side effects in several types of cancer, but in gastric cancer (GC) its effects have not been completely described. In this study, we characterized the effects of DHA in GC using in vivo and in vitro models. Among all of the evaluated Ω-3 and Ω-6 fatty acids, DHA showed the highest antiproliferative potency and selectivity against the GC-derived cell line AGS. 10-100 μM DHA decreased AGS cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on non-tumoral GES-1 cells. To evaluate if the effects of DHA were due to apoptosis induction, cells were stained with Annexin V-PI, observing that 75 and 100 μM DHA increased apoptosis in AGS, but not in GES-1 cells. Additionally, levels of several proapoptotic and antiapoptotic regulators were assessed by qPCR, western blot and activity assays, showing similar results. In order to evaluate DHA efficacy in vivo, xenografts in an immunodeficient mouse model (BALB/cNOD-SCID) were used. In these experiments, DHA treatment for six weeks consistently reduced subcutaneous tumor size, ascitic fluid volume and liver metastasis. In summary, we found that DHA has a selective antiproliferative effect on GC, being this effect driven by apoptosis induction. Our investigation provides promising features for DHA as potential therapeutic agent in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Chile
| | - Daniela Cerda
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Erwin De la Fuente-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Patricio Castro
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology for Neural Development, LAND, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Giuliano Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Chile.
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Wang L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Huang X. Identify potential allelochemicals from Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. root extracts that induce allelopathy on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7068. [PMID: 33782496 PMCID: PMC8007610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well-documented that invasion of invasive plants is promoted with allelopathic effects by inhibiting the growth and phenotypic performance of native plants, little is known conversely. In this study, the allelopathy effects of a native plant, Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., on a typical invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., was investigated by exposing A. philoxeroides seedlings to three chemical solvent extracts (i.e., petroleum ether extract (PE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and n-butanol extract (NE) of H. scandens root (HR). The three chemical extracts inhibited the growth, stem length, node number, leaf number, leaf area, and root number, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of A. philoxeroides seedlings, which indicated that the extracts inhibited the plant growth by damaging the membrane system of leaves. And the synthetical effect of allelopathy (SE) index indicated that EE had the greatest inhibition on the growth of A. philoxeroides. Fifty compounds were identified from the three extracts of HR using GC–MS analysis, among which 5 compounds (dibutyl phthalate, stigmasta-3,5-diene, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol campesterol, and neophytadiene) were identified from H. scandens root extracts for the first time. And n-hexadecanoic acid exists in all three extracts. The findings of the present study provide a novel method to potentially control the invasion of A. philoxeroides. However, field monitoring under natural conditions would be necessary to confirm in practice the results obtained with the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Xueqi Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Bujok J, Miśta D, Wincewicz E, Króliczewska B, Dzimira S, Żuk M. Atherosclerosis Development and Aortic Contractility in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Supplemented with Two Different Flaxseed Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 33806676 PMCID: PMC8001360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is widely regarded as the main beneficial component of flax for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of the transgenic flaxseed W86-which is rich in ALA-on the lipid profile, atherosclerosis progression, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to the parental cultivar Linola with a very low ALA content. Rabbits were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol and 10% flaxseed W86, or 1% cholesterol and 10% Linola flaxseed. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in an elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the control animals. Aortic sections from rabbits fed Linola had lower deposits of foamy cells than those from rabbits fed W86. A potassium-induced and phenylephrine-induced contractile response was enhanced by a high-cholesterol diet and not influenced by the W86 or Linola flaxseed. Pretreatment of the aortic rings with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester resulted in a concentration-dependent tendency to increase the reaction amplitude in the control and high-cholesterol diet groups but not the flaxseed groups. Linola flaxseed with a low ALA content more effectively reduced the atherosclerosis progression compared with the W86 flaxseed with a high concentration of stable ALA. Aorta contractility studies suggested that flaxseed ameliorated an increased contractility in hypercholesterolemia but had little or no impact on NO synthesis in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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127
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Shoari A, Kanavi MR, Rasaee MJ. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for the treatment of dry eye syndrome; a review study. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108523. [PMID: 33662353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) and tear dysfunction are multifactorial conditions affecting meibomian glands, lacrimal glands, and ocular surface. This ocular disorder can cause eye irritation, irregular cornea, corneal barrier disruption, and blurred vision. Uncontrolled increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level and activity has been detected in the tears and ocular surface in the patients with DES, which has been proved to be related to disruption of tight junctions in apical corneal epithelium associated with severe signs of DES. These uncontrolled activities of MMP-9 lead to desquamation of ocular surface epithelia. Therefore, this review study was conducted to summarize the evidence regarding MMP-9 contribution in DES, and inhibition of MMP-9, as a therapeutic target for treatment of DES. For this purpose, herein, the related studies designed novel pharmaceutical compounds for direct and indirect inhibition of MMP-9 as treatment approaches for DES were reviewed. These compounds were designed to improve corneal barrier function, reduce inflammation on ocular surface, and restore tear production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shoari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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de Oliveira Maximino JV, Barros LM, Pereira RM, de Santi II, Aranha BC, Busanello C, Viana VE, Freitag RA, Batista BL, Costa de Oliveira A, Pegoraro C. Mineral and Fatty Acid Content Variation in White Oat Genotypes Grown in Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1194-1206. [PMID: 32537719 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A healthy diet is directly associated with a nutrient-rich and toxic contaminant poor intake. A diet poor in diversity can lead to micronutrient deficiency. The intake of functional foods can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Oats are a functional food; are a source of soluble fiber, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols; and are low in carbohydrate content. Thus, in this study, we characterize mineral accumulation, fatty acid composition, and the absence of contaminants in oat genotypes to evaluate the potential of this cereal as food to minimize the effects of micronutrient deficiency. Most of the oat genotypes showed higher mineral levels than other cereals such as wheat, rice, and maize. FAEM 5 Chiarasul, Barbarasul, UPFA Ouro, URS Altiva, URS Brava, and URS Taura showed higher iron concentration while URS Brava showed the highest zinc concentration. The oat genotypes did not show significant arsenic, strontium, and cadmium accumulation. Considering the accumulation of trace elements in the grain, little genetic diversity among the analyzed oat accessions was detected, dividing into two groups. Regarding fatty acid composition, IPR Afrodite, FAEM 4 Carlasul, FAEM 5 Chiarasul, URS Taura, Barbarasul, and URS 21 showed higher essential fatty acid concentrations. These genotypes can be used in crosses with URS Brava, which displayed a higher Fe and Zn accumulation and is genetically distant from the other cultivars. Oat is a functional food showing ability for the accumulation of minerals and also essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Vargas de Oliveira Maximino
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Lílian Moreira Barros
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mendes Pereira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus Santo André, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ivandra Ignes de Santi
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Bianca Camargo Aranha
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Carlos Busanello
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Rogério Antonio Freitag
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus Santo André, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Camila Pegoraro
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil.
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X. S. Oliveira M, Palma ASV, Reis BR, Franco CSR, Marconi APS, Shiozaki FA, G. Reis L, Salles MSV, Netto AS. Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246357. [PMID: 33561133 PMCID: PMC7872270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid milk and its derivatives are important dietary ingredients that contribute to daily nutrient intake of the modern Homo sapiens. To produce milk that is healthier for human consumption, the present study evaluated the effect of adding soybean oil and linseed oil in the diet of lactating cows. The fatty acid profile of milk, milk composition, and the blood parameters of cows were evaluated. Eighteen Holstein cows were distributed in a replicated Latin square design and distributed according to the following treatments: 1) Control (CC): traditional dairy cow diet, without addition of oil; 2) Soybean oil (SO): 2.5% addition of soybean oil to the traditional diet, as a source of omega-6; 3) Linseed oil (LO): 2.5% addition of linseed oil in the diet as a source of omega-3. Milk production was not affected, but oil supplementation decreased feed intake by 1.93 kg/cow/day. The milk fat percentage was significantly lower when cows were supplemented with vegetable oil (3.37, 2.75 and 2.89% for CC, SO and LO, respectively). However, both soybean and linseed oils decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids (66.89, 56.52 and 56.60 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk (33.05, 43.39, and 43.35 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively) and decreased the ratio between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids (2.12, 1.34, and 1.36 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Furthermore, SO and LO increased significantly the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.58, 39.55 and 39.47 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), though it did not significantly alter the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (3.57, 3.93 and 3.98 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively). Supplementation with LO enhanced the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids on milk (0.32, 0.36, and 1.02 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Blood variables aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, albumin, creatinine and total proteins were not altered. On the other hand, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were greater in the group supplemented with vegetable oils. Supplementation with vegetable oils reduced the dry matter intake of cows, the fat content of milk, and improved saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of milk fat. Compared to the SO treatment, animals fed LO produced milk with greater content of omega-3, and a more desirable omega-6/omega-3 ratio on a human nutrition perspective. Thus, the inclusion of SO and LO in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio X. S. Oliveira
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre S. V. Palma
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara R. Reis
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S. R. Franco
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra P. S. Marconi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A. Shiozaki
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leriana G. Reis
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arlindo S. Netto
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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130
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Gorica E, Calderone V. Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Neuroinflammation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:118-129. [PMID: 33557740 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210208130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses localized within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders and is considered a typical feature of these disorders. Microglia perform primary immune surveillance and macrophage-like activities within the central nervous system. Activated microglia are predominant players in the central nervous system response to damage related to stroke, trauma, and infection. Moreover, microglial activation per se leads to a proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. During the release of cytokines and chemokines, cyclooxygenases and phospholipase A2 are stimulated. Elevated levels of these compounds play a significant role in immune cell recruitment into the brain. Cyclic phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the production of prostaglandins by releasing arachidonic acid. In turn, arachidonic acid is biotransformed through different routes into several mediators that are endowed with pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Some experimental models of neuroinflammation exhibit an increase in cyclic phospholipase A2, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, or prostacyclin. However, findings on the role of the prostacyclin receptors have revealed that their signalling suppresses Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, other in vitro evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 may inhibit the production of some inflammatory cytokines, attenuating inflammatory events such as mast cell degranulation or inflammatory leukotriene production. Based on these conflicting experimental data, the role of arachidonic acid derivatives in neuroinflammation remains a challenging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
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131
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Abstract
Microencapsulation is a well-known technology for the lipid delivery system. It prevents the oxidation of fatty acids and maintains the quality of lipid after extraction from oil seed and processing. In flaxseed oil, the amount of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are 39.90–60.42% and 12.25–17.44%, respectively. A comprehensive review article on the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil has not been published yet. Realizing the great advantages of flaxseed oil, information about different technologies related to the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil and their characteristics are discussed in a comprehensive way, in this review article. To prepare the microcapsule of flaxseed oil, an emulsion of oil-water is performed along with a wall material (matrix), followed by drying with a spray-dryer or freeze-dryer. Different matrices, such as plant and animal-based proteins, maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and modified starch are used for the encapsulation of flaxseed oil. In some cases, emulsifiers, such as Tween 80 and soya lecithin are used to prepare flaxseed oil microcapsules. Physico-chemical and bio-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil microcapsules depend on process parameters, ratio of oil and matrix, and characteristics of the matrix. As an example, the size of the microcapsule, prepared with spray-drying and freeze-drying ranges between 10–400 and 20–5000 μm, respectively. It may be considered that the comprehensive information on the encapsulation of flaxseed oil will boost the development of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals.
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Hollander KS, Atrakchi D, Ravid O, Rand D, Kandel-Kfir M, Israelov H, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Shaish A, Harats D, Schnaider-Beeri M, Cooper I. Dietary alpha linolenic acid in pregnant mice and during weaning increases brain docosahexaenoic acid and improves recognition memory in the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108597. [PMID: 33545323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for normal brain development and function. DHA is in danger of being significantly reduced in the human food supply, and the question of whether its metabolic precursor, the essential n-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA) during pregnancy, can support fetal brain DHA levels for optimal neurodevelopment, is fundamental. Female mice were fed either ALA-enriched or Control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The direct effect of maternal dietary ALA on lipids was analyzed in liver, red blood cells, brain and brain vasculature, together with genes of fatty acid metabolism and transport in three-week-old offspring. The long-term effect of maternal dietary ALA on brain fatty acids and memory was studied in 19-week-old offspring. Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in liver, red blood cell, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, compared to Controls. 19-week-old ALA offspring showed higher brain DHA levels and better memory performance than Controls. The increased brain DHA levels induced by maternal dietary ALA during pregnancy-lactation, together with the up-regulated levels of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, may indicate a mode for greater DHA uptake with long-term impact on better memory in ALA offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Rand
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research - The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Yuenyong J, Pokkanta P, Phuangsaijai N, Kittiwachana S, Mahatheeranont S, Sookwong P. GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of fatty acid profile and functional phytochemicals in fifty cold-pressed plant oils in Thailand. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06304. [PMID: 33665454 PMCID: PMC7907780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-pressed oil is one of the healthiest plant extracts, but its use is limited only in some kinds of plants. Therefore, we aimed to investigate some potential cold-pressed oils with attractive fatty acid profiles and high amounts of functional phytochemicals. Fifty cold-pressed plant oils were prepared from various plant materials in Thailand, in which some of them were from uncommon or unattended plant materials. The oils included were nut oils (n = 9), pseudo-cereal oils (n = 9), legume oils (n = 3), amaranth oils (n = 3), marrow seed oils (n = 8), cruciferous seed oils (n = 7), and leafy green seed oils (n = 11). Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were employed to analyze fatty acid profile and five functional phytochemicals (e.g., phytosterols, cholecalciferol, and squalene). Saturated fatty acids were detected around 7.87-36.04%, monounsaturated fatty acids 10.17-80.25%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids nondetectable (ND)-78.25%, phytosterols 663-15123 μg g-1, squalene 265-5979 μg g-1, and cholecalciferol ND-1287.75 μg g-1. The study showed chemical characteristic of the analyzed oils: some contained good fatty acid composition and some were rich in functional phytochemical content. Among the obtained oils, marrow seed oils are a good source of phytosterol, cholecalciferol, and linoleic acid. Pseudo-cereal oils are rich in squalene and linolenic acid. Legume oils are rich in phytosterols and oleic acid. Besides, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the significance of oils that share compositional similarity (e.g., the samples from pseudo-cereal oil were found on the lower side of the PCA space, which separated them from marrow and leafy green seed oils distributed on the upper part of the plot). In summary, the qualitative and quantitative data would provide a good foundation for further application or selection of those plant oils for health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitkunya Yuenyong
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Master's Degree Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piramon Pokkanta
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nutthatida Phuangsaijai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sila Kittiwachana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phumon Sookwong
- Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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134
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Khan A, Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A. Impact of winterization on fatty acids' composition, isomers, and oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic acids produced from selected vegetable oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
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135
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Huang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ji F, Jin F, Fan W, Pei D. Transcriptome Analysis of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Embryos Reveals Key Developmental Stages and Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:377-396. [PMID: 33373225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a widely cultivated woody oilseed tree species, and its embryo is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus far, the pathways and essential genes involved in oil biosynthesis in developing walnut embryos remain largely unclear. Our analyses revealed that a mature walnut embryo accumulated 69% oil, in which 71% were polyunsaturated fatty acids with 64% linoleic acid and 7% linolenic acid. RNA sequencing generated 39 384 unigenes in 24 cDNA libraries prepared from walnut embryos collected at 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133, and 147 days after pollination (DAP). The principal components analysis (PCA) of samples and cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the total samples were divided into three main groups: 49 DAP, 63-119 DAP, and 133-147 DAP. We identified 108 unigenes associated with lipid biosynthesis, including 60 unigenes for fatty acid biosynthesis, 33 for triacylglycerol biosynthesis, 7 for oil bodies, and 8 for transcription factors. The expression levels of the genes encoding WRI1, ACCase, ACP, KASII, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, and PDAT were upregulated at 63-119 DAP relative to the levels at 49 DAP. Additionally, the lipid biosynthesis in walnut embryos began to increase while oil contents increased from 15 to 69%. We identified eight SAD, three FAD2, one FAD3, one FAD5, one FAD6, and three FAD7/8 genes. In addition, SAD, FAD2, and FAD3 were highly abundantly expressed in the walnut embryo, and their FPKM values achieved were 834, 2205, and 9038, respectively. High expression levels of FAD2 and FAD3 may be the reason why walnuts are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Subcellular localization confirmed that the JrFAD3 protein played a role in the endoplasmic reticulum rather than the plastid, suggesting that linolenic acid was mainly synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that ACP, ENO, VAMP727, and IDD14 were coexpressed with WRI1. Our study provides large-scale and comprehensive transcriptome data of walnut embryo development. These data lay the foundation for the metabolic engineering of walnuts to increase oil contents and modify fatty acid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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136
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The Emergence of eSports Nutrition: A Review. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2021.1-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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137
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Sarkar TR, McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Carroll RJ, Wu G. Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Other Nutrients by Adult Humans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:211-227. [PMID: 34251646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring usual dietary intake in freely living humans is difficult to accomplish. As a part of our recent study, a food frequency questionnaire was completed by healthy adult men and women at days 0 and 90 of the study. Data from the food questionnaire were analyzed with a nutrient analysis program ( www.Harvardsffq.date ). Healthy men and women consumed protein as 19-20% and 17-19% of their total energy intakes, respectively, with animal protein representing about 75 and 70% of their total protein intakes, respectively. The intake of each nutritionally essential amino acid (EAA) by the persons exceeded that recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. In all individuals, the dietary intake of leucine was the highest, followed by lysine, valine, and isoleucine in descending order, and the ingestion of amino acids that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells (AASAs) was about 20% greater than that of total EAAs. The intake of each AASA met those recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. Intakes of some AASAs (alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine) from a typical diet providing 90-110 g food protein/day does not meet the requirements of adults with an intensive physical activity. Within the male or female group, there were not significant differences in the dietary intakes of all amino acids between days 0 and 90 of the study, and this was also true for nearly all other essential nutrients. Our findings will help to improve amino acid nutrition and health in both the general population and exercising individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasree R Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yabo Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bani K Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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138
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Climaco Pinto R, Dehghan A, Barros AS, Graça G, Diaz SO, Leite-Moreira A. Clinical Research in Cardiovascular Disease using Metabolomics. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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139
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SANTOS MA, GUILHERME EPX, CARVALHO LM, BRANDI IV, CARVALHO GGP, COTA J, CARVALHO BMAD. Fatty acid and proteomic analysis of Sterculia striata nut. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.31819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junio COTA
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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140
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Krysiak ZJ, Kaniuk Ł, Metwally S, Szewczyk PK, Sroczyk EA, Peer P, Lisiecka-Graca P, Bailey RJ, Bilotti E, Stachewicz U. Nano- and Microfiber PVB Patches as Natural Oil Carriers for Atopic Skin Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7666-7676. [PMID: 33225238 PMCID: PMC7672701 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Atopic
dermatitis (eczema) is a widespread disorder, with researchers
constantly looking for more efficacious treatments. Natural oils are
reported to be an effective therapy for dry skin, and medical textiles
can be used as an alternative or supporting therapy. In this study,
fibrous membranes from poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl
acetate) (PVB) with low and high molecular weights were manufactured
to obtain nano- and micrometer fibers via electrospinning
for the designed patches used as oil carriers for atopic skin treatment.
The biocompatibility of PVB patches was analyzed using proliferation
tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which combined with
a focused ion beam (FIB) allowed for the 3D visualization of patches.
The oil spreading tests with evening primrose, black cumin seed, and
borage were verified with cryo-SEM, which showed the advantage nanofibers
have over microfibers as carriers for low-viscosity oils. The skin
tests expressed the usability and the enhanced oil delivery performance
for electrospun patches. We demonstrate that through the material
nano- and microstructure, commercially available polymers such as
PVB have great potential to be deployed as a biomaterial in medical
applications, such as topical treatments for chronic skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna J Krysiak
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaniuk
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Sara Metwally
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Ewa A Sroczyk
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Petra Peer
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 16612, Czech Republic
| | - Paulina Lisiecka-Graca
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - Russell J Bailey
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Emiliano Bilotti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- International Center of Electron Microscopy for Material Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland
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141
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Comparative analysis of chemical composition of some commercially important fishes with an emphasis on various Malaysian diets. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study compares the chemical composition of cockle (Anadara granosa) and some commercially important marine (Asian seabass Lates calcarifer, grouper Epinephelus bleekeri, hardtail scad Megalaspis cordyla, longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol and Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta) and freshwater (sutchi catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and eel Monopterus albus) fishes in Peninsular Malaysia. The results show that the proximate composition and trace metal content were significantly different (P < 0.05) among species investigated. The mean protein content was the highest in eel (19.1%) and the lowest in sutchi catfish (13.0%) and cockle (13.0%). The mean lipid content of Indian mackerel (3.9%) was higher than cockle (2.0%), followed by eel (1.3%) and longtail tuna (0.8%). The mean ash content was the highest in Indian mackerel (1.4%) and the lowest in cockle (0.9%). Zinc and manganese contents in cockle (Zn: 61.2 mg kg−1, Mn: 22.7 mg kg−1) were very high compared to other species investigated. The copper content was minimum in sutchi catfish (1.0 mg kg−1) and a maximum in the hardtail scad (11.7 mg kg−1). Trace metal content in sutchi catfish, Nile tilapia, grouper, longtail tuna, eel and cockle followed an order Zn > Mn > Cu, whereas Asian seabass, hardtail scad and Indian mackerel followed a different order Zn > Cu > Mn. Trace metal content in the tissue of the fishes examined was within safe limits for human consumption except Mn content in the cockle and Cu content in the hardtail scad, which is a matter of concern. When considering the daily fish fat, mineral and trace metal intake, marine fishes and shellfish are better than freshwater fishes.
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142
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Micro and nano-encapsulation of vegetable and essential oils to develop functional food products with improved nutritional profiles. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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143
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Godoy G, Masetto Antunes M, Raffaini Covas Pereira da Silva MA, de Lima Fernandes I, Vergílio Visentainer J, Laguila Visentainer JE, Curi R, Barbosa Bazotte R. Decreased Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Serum of HIV Carrier Patients. J Med Food 2020; 24:670-673. [PMID: 33001714 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to measure serum fatty acids (FAs) composition in HIV carrier patients and compare it with non-HIV carrier patients. The FAs composition was measured by gas chromatography as follows: four saturated FAs myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), and docosanoic acid (22:0); four monounsaturated FAs 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1 n-9), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), oleic acid (18:1 n-9), and vaccenic acid (18:1 n-7); and three polyunsaturated FAs linoleic acid (18:2 n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). We reported herein lower (P < .05) DHA concentration (by 40%) in the serum of HIV carrier patients than in non-HIV carrier patients. This FA has a pivotal role as a precursor of anti-inflammatory molecules with beneficial effects on metabolism, cardiovascular system, and immunological system. Even though most clinical studies reported beneficial effects of DHA supplementation in HIV carrier patients, this issue remains under debate. Further investigations then require to fully clarify the role of DHA in preventing or alleviating the comorbidities associated with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Godoy
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marina Masetto Antunes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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144
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Siahbalaei R, Kavoosi G. Chemical composition and evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of oil extracts from Oliveria decumbens, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum ammi and Zataria multiflora. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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145
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León-Perez D, Domínguez-Perles R, Collado-González J, Cano-Lamadrid M, Durand T, Guy A, Galano JM, Carbonell-Barrachina Á, Londoño-Londoño J, Ferreres F, Jiménez-Cartagena C, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Medina S. Bioactive plant oxylipins-based lipidomics in eighty worldwide commercial dark chocolates: Effect of cocoa and fatty acid composition on their dietary burden. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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146
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Determination of malondialdehyde, acrolein and four other products of lipid peroxidation in edible oils by Gas-Diffusion Microextraction combined with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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147
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Geranpour M, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Recent advances in the spray drying encapsulation of essential fatty acids and functional oils. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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148
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Colucci P, De Castro V, Peloso A, Splendori M, Trezza V, Campolongo P. Perinatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acid imbalance leads to early behavioral alterations in rat pups. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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149
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Gobesso AADO, Mazzo HC, Bianconi C, Freitas FV, Pombo GDV, Pereira YS, Centini TN, Françoso R, Balieiro JCDC. The effect of supplementation with omega-3 and 6 fatty acids to mares during late gestation and early lactation on the transfer of passive immunity in foals. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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150
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Singh A, Ummalyma SB, Sahoo D. Bioremediation and biomass production of microalgae cultivation in river watercontaminated with pharmaceutical effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123233. [PMID: 32240927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the potential of microalgae of Chlorella sp., SL7A, Chlorococcum sp., SL7B and Neochloris sp.,SK57 cultivated in river water contaminated with pharmaceutical effluent for biomass and lipid production. It has been observed that fast growing algae in this medium is Neochloris sp.SK57. Maximum biomass and lipid yield was obtained from Neochloris sp. SK57 (0.52 g/l) and Chlorococcum sp. SL7B (0.129 g/l)along with drycell weight of lipid was 28%.The increased in biomass and lipid in this media is could due to assimilation of organic nutrients and stress due to other components present in the river water. Fatty acid profile of algal biomass showed that saturated fatty acids production is enhanced in oils of Neochloris sp. SK57, and its suitability in food and fuel applications. Water quality of the river water was monitored before and after algal cultivation. Results showed that quality of river water was improved after algal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India.
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India; Present Address: Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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