101
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102
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Ramirez AK, Lynes MD, Shamsi F, Xue R, Tseng YH, Kahn CR, Kasif S, Dreyfuss JM. Integrating Extracellular Flux Measurements and Genome-Scale Modeling Reveals Differences between Brown and White Adipocytes. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3040-3048. [PMID: 29241534 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes are specialized for energy storage, whereas brown adipocytes are specialized for energy expenditure. Explicating this difference can help identify therapeutic targets for obesity. A common tool to assess metabolic differences between such cells is the Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XF) Analyzer, which measures oxygen consumption and media acidification in the presence of different substrates and perturbagens. Here, we integrate the Analyzer's metabolic profile from human white and brown adipocytes with a genome-scale metabolic model to predict flux differences across the metabolic map. Predictions matched experimental data for the metabolite 4-aminobutyrate, the protein ABAT, and the fluxes for glucose, glutamine, and palmitate. We also uncovered a difference in how adipocytes dispose of nitrogenous waste, with brown adipocytes secreting less ammonia and more urea than white adipocytes. Thus, the method and software we developed allow for broader metabolic phenotyping and provide a distinct approach to uncovering metabolic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Ramirez
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Simon Kasif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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103
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Grigoraş A, Amalinei C, Balan RA, Giuşcă SE, Avădănei ER, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID. Adipocytes spectrum - From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology. Ann Anat 2018; 219:102-120. [PMID: 30049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Firstly identified by anatomists, the fat tissue is nowadays an area of intense research due to increased global prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Histologically, there are four types of fat tissue cells which are currently recognized (white, brown, beige, and perivascular adipocytes). Therefore, in this study we are reviewing the most recent data regarding the origin, structure, and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adipocytes. White adipocytes can store triglycerides as a consequence of lipogenesis, under the regulation of growth hormone or leptin and adiponectin, and release fatty acids resulted from lipolysis, under the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, glucocorticoids, TNF-α, insulin, and natriuretic peptides. Brown adipocytes possess a mitochondrial transmembrane protein thermogenin or UCP1 which allows heat generation. Recently, thermogenic, UCP positive adipocytes have been identified in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and have been named beige adipocytes. The nature of these cells is still controversial, as current theories are suggesting their origin either by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes, or by differentiation from an own precursor cell. Perivascular adipocytes surround most of the arteries, exhibiting a supportive role and being involved in the maintenance of intravascular temperature. Thoracic perivascular adipocytes resemble brown adipocytes, while abdominal ones are more similar to white adipocytes and, consequently, are involved in obesity-induced inflammatory reactions. The factors involved in the regulation of adipose stem cells differentiation may represent potential pathways to inhibit or to divert adipogenesis. Several molecules, such as pro-adipogenic factors (FGF21, BMP7, BMP8b, and Cox-2), cell surface proteins or receptors (Asc-1, PAT2, P2RX5), and hypothalamic receptors (MC4R) have been identified as the most promising targets for the development of future therapies. Further investigations are necessary to complete the knowledge about adipose tissue and the development of a new generation of therapeutic tools based on molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraş
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Raluca Anca Balan
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simona Eliza Giuşcă
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Elena Roxana Avădănei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina-Draga Căruntu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
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104
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Schwalie PC, Dong H, Zachara M, Russeil J, Alpern D, Akchiche N, Caprara C, Sun W, Schlaudraff KU, Soldati G, Wolfrum C, Deplancke B. A stromal cell population that inhibits adipogenesis in mammalian fat depots. Nature 2018; 559:103-108. [PMID: 29925944 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte development and differentiation have an important role in the aetiology of obesity and its co-morbidities1,2. Although multiple studies have investigated the adipogenic stem and precursor cells that give rise to mature adipocytes3-14, our understanding of their in vivo origin and properties is incomplete2,15,16. This is partially due to the highly heterogeneous and unstructured nature of adipose tissue depots17, which has proven difficult to molecularly dissect using classical approaches such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting and Cre-lox lines based on candidate marker genes16,18. Here, using the resolving power of single-cell transcriptomics19 in a mouse model, we reveal distinct subpopulations of adipose stem and precursor cells in the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue. We identify one of these subpopulations as CD142+ adipogenesis-regulatory cells, which can suppress adipocyte formation in vivo and in vitro in a paracrine manner. We show that adipogenesis-regulatory cells are refractory to adipogenesis and that they are functionally conserved in humans. Our findings point to a potentially critical role for adipogenesis-regulatory cells in modulating adipose tissue plasticity, which is linked to metabolic control, differential insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Schwalie
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Magda Zachara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nassila Akchiche
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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105
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Browning of white adipose tissue induced by the ß3 agonist CL-316,243 after local and systemic treatment - PK-PD relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2972-2982. [PMID: 29902549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of white adipose tissue (WAT) to a brown adipose tissue-like (BAT-like) phenotype has emerged as an attractive approach against obesity e.g. using g ß3 adrenergic receptor agonists. These could however, produce side-effects following systemic exposure. The present study explored the possibility of local use of CL-316,243 - a selective ß3 agonist - to circumvent this problem. Rats treated s.c. for 2 weeks (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) showed decreased inguinal fat pad (IFP) weight/volume, increased UCP-1 staining and expressed BAT-like features in H&E stained micrographs. Interscapular BAT increased in weight/volume. In contrast, local treatment into the IFP was not efficacious in terms of weight/volume, despite slight increases in UCP-1 staining and changes in histological features. After local treatment, the exposure of the IFP was lower than after systemic treatment. In turn higher local doses (0.5 and 5 mg/ml) were then tested which produced a strong trend for decreased volume of the IFP, a significant increase in UCP-1 staining, and also a decrease in adipocytes size but increased number. However, after this treatment the systemic exposure was in the same range as following systemic treatment. In conclusion, we saw no evidence for the possibility of converting inguinal WAT to a BAT-phenotype solely through local activation of ß3 receptors. This is in concert with our in vitro experiments which detected direct effects of PPARγ agonists at the gene/protein expression and functional level, but were unable to detect any effect of CL-316,243.
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106
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Zhao C, Zeng Z, Qazvini NT, Yu X, Zhang R, Yan S, Shu Y, Zhu Y, Duan C, Bishop E, Lei J, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, An L, Huang S, Ji X, Gong C, Yuan C, Zhang L, Liu W, Huang B, Feng Y, Zhang B, Dai Z, Shen Y, Wang X, Luo W, Oliveira L, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Ameer GA, Reid RR, He TC, Huang W. Thermoresponsive Citrate-Based Graphene Oxide Scaffold Enhances Bone Regeneration from BMP9-Stimulated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2943-2955. [PMID: 30906855 PMCID: PMC6425978 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective bone tissue engineering is important to overcome the unmet clinical challenges as more than 1.6 million bone grafts are done annually in the United States. Successful bone tissue engineering needs minimally three critical constituents: osteoprogenitor cells, osteogenic factors, and osteoinductive/osteoconductive scaffolds. Osteogenic progenitors are derived from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be prepared from numerous tissue sources, including adipose tissue. We previously showed that BMP9 is the most osteogenic BMP and induces robust bone formation of immortalized mouse adipose-derived MSCs entrapped in a citrate-based thermoresponsive hydrogel referred to as PPCNg. As graphene and its derivatives emerge as promising biomaterials, here we develop a novel thermosensitive and injectable hybrid material by combining graphene oxide (GO) with PPCNg (designated as GO-P) and characterize its ability to promote bone formation. We demonstrate that the thermoresponsive behavior of the hybrid material is maintained while effectively supporting MSC survival and proliferation. Furthermore, GO-P induces early bone-forming marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and potentiates BMP9-induced expression of osteogenic regulators and bone markers as well as angiogenic factor VEGF in MSCs. In vivo studies show BMP9-transduced MSCs entrapped in the GO-P scaffold form well-mineralized and highly vascularized trabecular bone. Thus, these results indicate that GO-P hybrid material may function as a new biocompatible, injectable scaffold with osteoinductive and osteoconductive activities for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Nader Taheri Qazvini
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering (CARE), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Chongwen Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elliot Bishop
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC6035, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Daxuecheng Zhonglu, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 N. Third Ring Road E., Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liping An
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhengyu Dai
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 Jianxin East Road, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Leonardo Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States.,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering (CARE), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC6035, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering (CARE), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 3079, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing 400016, China.,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering (CARE), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, Cardiology, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
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107
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Singh AJ, Chang CN, Ma HY, Ramsey SA, Filtz TM, Kioussi C. FACS-Seq analysis of Pax3-derived cells identifies non-myogenic lineages in the embryonic forelimb. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7670. [PMID: 29769607 PMCID: PMC5956100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in the forelimb develops during embryonic and fetal development and perinatally. While much is known regarding the molecules involved in forelimb myogenesis, little is known about the specific mechanisms and interactions. Migrating skeletal muscle precursor cells express Pax3 as they migrate into the forelimb from the dermomyotome. To compare gene expression profiles of the same cell population over time, we isolated lineage-traced Pax3+ cells (Pax3EGFP) from forelimbs at different embryonic days. We performed whole transcriptome profiling via RNA-Seq of Pax3+ cells to construct gene networks involved in different stages of embryonic and fetal development. With this, we identified genes involved in the skeletal, muscular, vascular, nervous and immune systems. Expression of genes related to the immune, skeletal and vascular systems showed prominent increases over time, suggesting a non-skeletal myogenic context of Pax3-derived cells. Using co-expression analysis, we observed an immune-related gene subnetwork active during fetal myogenesis, further implying that Pax3-derived cells are not a strictly myogenic lineage, and are involved in patterning and three-dimensional formation of the forelimb through multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.,Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Theresa M Filtz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
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108
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Singh AM, Dalton S. What Can 'Brown-ing' Do For You? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:349-359. [PMID: 29606342 PMCID: PMC5937921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-based models of thermogenic adipocytes provide an opportunity for the establishment of new therapeutics, modeling of disease mechanisms, and understanding of development. Pluripotent stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells/preadipocytes, and programming-reprogramming-based approaches have been used to develop cell-based platforms for drug screening and transplantable therapeutics in the metabolic disease arena. Here we provide a detailed overview of these approaches, the latest advances in this field, and the opportunities and shortcomings they present. Moreover, we comment on how stem-cell-based platforms can be best utilized in the future for the treatment and understanding of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and associated medical issues such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar M Singh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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109
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Li Z, Hardij J, Bagchi DP, Scheller EL, MacDougald OA. Development, regulation, metabolism and function of bone marrow adipose tissues. Bone 2018; 110:134-140. [PMID: 29343445 PMCID: PMC6277028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most adipocytes exist in discrete depots throughout the body, notably in well-defined white and brown adipose tissues. However, adipocytes also reside within specialized niches, of which the most abundant is within bone marrow. Whereas bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) shares many properties in common with white adipose tissue, the distinct functions of BMAT are reflected by its development, regulation, protein secretion, and lipid composition. In addition to its potential role as a local energy reservoir, BMAT also secretes proteins, including adiponectin, RANK ligand, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and stem cell factor, which contribute to local marrow niche functions and which may also influence global metabolism. The characteristics of BMAT are also distinct depending on whether marrow adipocytes are contained within yellow or red marrow, as these can be thought of as 'constitutive' and 'regulated', respectively. The rBMAT for instance can be expanded or depleted by myriad factors, including age, nutrition, endocrine status and pharmaceuticals. Herein we review the site specificity, age-related development, regulation and metabolic characteristics of BMAT under various metabolic conditions, including the functional interactions with bone and hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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110
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Suchacki KJ, Cawthorn WP. Molecular Interaction of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue with Energy Metabolism. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:41-49. [PMID: 29888168 PMCID: PMC5976678 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-018-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last decade has seen a resurgence in the study of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) across diverse fields such as metabolism, haematopoiesis, skeletal biology and cancer. Herein, we review the most recent developments of BMAT research in both humans and rodents, including the distinct nature of BMAT; the autocrine, paracrine and endocrine interactions between BMAT and various tissues, both in physiological and pathological scenarios; how these interactions might impact energy metabolism; and the most recent technological advances to quantify BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS Though still dwarfed by research into white and brown adipose tissues, BMAT is now recognised as endocrine organ and is attracting increasing attention from biomedical researchers around the globe. SUMMARY We are beginning to learn the importance of BMAT both within and beyond the bone, allowing us to better appreciate the role of BMAT in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla J. Suchacki
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
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111
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Aldiss P, Betts J, Sale C, Pope M, Budge H, Symonds ME. Exercise-induced 'browning' of adipose tissues. Metabolism 2018; 81:63-70. [PMID: 29155135 PMCID: PMC5893183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Global rates of obesity continue to rise and are necessarily the consequence of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. This is the result of an expansion of adipose tissue due to both the hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and hyperplasia of adipocyte pre-cursors. Exercise elicits numerous physiological benefits on adipose tissue, which are likely to contribute to the associated cardiometabolic benefits. More recently it has been demonstrated that exercise, through a range of mechanisms, induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue from energy storing white adipocytes to thermogenic beige adipocytes. This has generated the hypothesis that the process of adipocyte 'browning' may partially underlie the improved cardiometabolic health in physically active populations. Interestingly, 'browning' also occurs in response to various stressors and could represent an adaptive response. In the context of exercise, it is not clear whether the appearance of beige adipocytes is metabolically beneficial or whether they occur as a transient adaptive process to exercise-induced stresses. The present review discusses the various mechanisms (e.g. fatty acid oxidation during exercise, decreased thermal insulation, stressors and angiogenesis) by which the exercise-induced 'browning' process may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aldiss
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - James Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Pope
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen Budge
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
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112
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Schoettl T, Fischer IP, Ussar S. Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514879 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schoettl
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid P Fischer
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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113
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Guaita-Esteruelas S, Gumà J, Masana L, Borràs J. The peritumoural adipose tissue microenvironment and cancer. The roles of fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid binding protein 5. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:107-118. [PMID: 28163102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue microenvironment plays a key role in tumour initiation and progression because it provides fatty acids and adipokines to tumour cells. The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family is a group of small proteins that act as intracellular fatty acid transporters. Adipose-derived FABPs include FABP4 and FABP5. Both have an important role in lipid-related metabolic processes and overexpressed in many cancers, such as breast, prostate, colorectal and ovarian. Moreover, their expression in peritumoural adipose tissue is deregulated, and their circulating levels are upregulated in some tumours. In this review, we discuss the role of the peritumoural adipose tissue and the related adipokines FABP4 and FABP5 in cancer initiation and progression and the possible pathways implicated in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guaita-Esteruelas
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Centre d'R+D+I en Nutrició i Salut, Avda. de la Universitat, 43204 Reus, Spain; Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21 43201 Reus, Spain; Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr, Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - J Gumà
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr, Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - L Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Borràs
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. del Dr, Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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114
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Gao Z, Daquinag AC, Su F, Snyder B, Kolonin MG. PDGFRα/PDGFRβ signaling balance modulates progenitor cell differentiation into white and beige adipocytes. Development 2018; 145:dev.155861. [PMID: 29158445 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The relative abundance of thermogenic beige adipocytes and lipid-storing white adipocytes in adipose tissue underlie its metabolic activity. The roles of adipocyte progenitor cells, which express PDGFRα or PDGFRβ, in adipose tissue function have remained unclear. Here, by defining the developmental timing of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ expression in mouse subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots, we uncover depot specificity of pre-adipocyte delineation. We demonstrate that PDGFRα expression precedes PDGFRβ expression in all subcutaneous but in only a fraction of visceral adipose stromal cells. We show that high-fat diet feeding or thermoneutrality in early postnatal development can induce PDGFRβ+ lineage recruitment to generate white adipocytes. In contrast, the contribution of PDGFRβ+ lineage to beige adipocytes is minimal. We provide evidence that human adipose tissue also contains distinct progenitor populations differentiating into beige or white adipocytes, depending on PDGFRβ expression. Based on PDGFRα or PDGFRβ deletion and ectopic expression experiments, we conclude that the PDGFRα/PDGFRβ signaling balance determines progenitor commitment to beige (PDGFRα) or white (PDGFRβ) adipogenesis. Our study suggests that adipocyte lineage specification and metabolism can be modulated through PDGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexes C Daquinag
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Su
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brad Snyder
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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115
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Lynes MD, Tseng YH. Deciphering adipose tissue heterogeneity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1411:5-20. [PMID: 28763833 PMCID: PMC5788721 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an excess accumulation of adipose tissue mass, and, together with its sequelae, in particular type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome, obesity presents a major health crisis. Although obesity is simply caused by increased adipose mass, the heterogeneity of adipose tissue in humans means that the response to increased energy balance is highly complex. Individual subjects with similar phenotypes may respond very differently to the same treatments; therefore, obesity may benefit from a personalized precision medicine approach. The variability in the development of obesity is indeed driven by differences in sex, genetics, and environment, but also by the various types of adipose tissue as well as the different cell types that compose it. By describing the distinct cell populations that reside in different fat depots, we can interpret the complex effect of these various players in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. To further understand adipose tissue, adipogenic differentiation and the transcriptional program of lipid accumulation must be investigated. As the cell- and depot-specific functions are described, they can be placed in the context of energy excess to understand how the heterogeneity of adipose tissue shapes individual metabolic status and condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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116
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Frank AP, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Do estrogens enhance activation of brown and beiging of adipose tissues? Physiol Behav 2017; 187:24-31. [PMID: 28988965 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated co-morbidities are worldwide public health concerns. Obesity is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation; however, it is important to recognize that human and rodent adipose tissues are made up of several distinct adipose tissue sub-types. White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered the prototypical fat cell, due to its capacity and capability to store large amounts of lipid. In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes substrates to generate heat. BAT contains more mitochondria than WAT and express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), which mediates BAT thermogenesis. A third sub-type of adipose tissue, Brown-in-white (BRITE)/beige adipocytes arise from WAT upon adrenergic stimulation and resembles BAT functionally. The energy burning feature of BAT/beige cells, combined with evidence of an inverse-correlation between BAT/beige adipose tissue and obesity have given rise to the hypothesis that obesity may be linked to BAT/beige 'malfunction'. Females have more BAT and perhaps an enhanced capacity to beige their adipose tissue when compared to males. Multiple signal pathways are capable of activating BAT thermogenesis and beiging of WAT; here, we discuss the potential role of estrogens in enhancing and mediating these factors to enhance adipose tissue thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Frank
- Biomedical Research Division, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Division, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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117
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Bharath LP, Ip BC, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive Immunity and Metabolic Health: Harmony Becomes Dissonant in Obesity and Aging. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1307-1337. [PMID: 28915326 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary energy reservoir organ, and thereby plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. AT expands in response to chronic overnutrition or aging and becomes a major source of inflammation that has marked influence on systemic metabolism. The chronic, sterile inflammation that occurs in the AT during the development of obesity or in aging contributes to onset of devastating diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular pathologies. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation in the visceral AT of humans and animals is a critical trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. This work underscores the well-supported conclusion that the inflammatory immune response and metabolic pathways in the AT are tightly interwoven by multiple layers of relatively conserved mechanisms. During the development of diet-induced obesity or age-associated adiposity, cells of the innate and the adaptive immune systems infiltrate and proliferate in the AT. Macrophages, which dominate AT-associated immune cells in mouse models of obesity, but are less dominant in obese people, have been studied extensively. However, cells of the adaptive immune system, including T cells and B cells, contribute significantly to AT inflammation, perhaps more in humans than in mice. Lymphocytes regulate recruitment of innate immune cells into AT, and produce cytokines that influence the helpful-to-harmful inflammatory balance that, in turn, regulates organismal metabolism. This review describes inflammation, or more precisely, metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) with an eye toward the AT and the roles lymphocytes play in regulation of systemic metabolism during obesity and aging. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1307-1337, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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118
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Pervin S, Singh V, Tucker A, Collazo J, Singh R. Modulation of transforming growth factor-β/follistatin signaling and white adipose browning: therapeutic implications for obesity related disorders. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0036/hmbci-2017-0036.xml. [PMID: 28888087 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and other related metabolic conditions. Obesity develops from perturbations in overall cellular bioenergetics when energy intake chronically exceeds total energy expenditure. Lifestyle interventions based on reducing total energy uptake and increasing activities including exercise have proved ineffective in the prevention and treatment of obesity because of poor adherence to such interventions for an extended period of time. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an extraordinary metabolic capacity to burn excess stored energy and holds great promise in combating obesity and related diseases. This unique ability to nullify the effects of extra energy intake of these specialized tissues has provided attractive perspectives for the therapeutic potential of BAT in humans. Browning of white adipose tissue by promoting the expression and activity of key mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) represents an exciting new strategy to combat obesity via enhanced energy dissipation. Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily including myostatin and follistatin have recently been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating white adipose browning both in in-vitro and in-vivo animal models and thereby present attractive avenues for exploring the therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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119
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Jankovic A, Otasevic V, Stancic A, Buzadzic B, Korac A, Korac B. Physiological regulation and metabolic role of browning in white adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2017-0034. [PMID: 28862984 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in our understanding of the browning process in white adipose tissue (WAT) in rodents. The recognition that i) adult humans have physiologically inducible brown adipose tissue (BAT) that may facilitate resistance to obesity and ii) that adult human BAT molecularly and functionally resembles beige adipose tissue in rodents, reignited optimism that obesity and obesity-related diabetes type 2 can be battled by controlling the browning of WAT. In this review the main cellular mechanisms and molecular mediators of browning of WAT in different physiological states are summarized. The relevance of browning of WAT in metabolic health is considered primarily through a modulation of biological role of fat tissue in overall metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia, Phone: (381-11)-2078-307, Fax: (381-11)-2761-433
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120
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Stolarczyk E. Adipose tissue inflammation in obesity: a metabolic or immune response? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:35-40. [PMID: 28843953 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is not only a reservoir for energy, but also an immune organ. In the context of obesity, the development of insulin resistance is now recognised to be initiated by inflammation of the adipose tissue. However, the primary events triggering this inflammation are still unclear, as a complex combination of endocrine and immune factors act to regulate this adipose tissue microenvironment. Below we discuss the different factors involved and how they affect the biology of the adipose tissue in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Stolarczyk
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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121
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Ologun GO, Patel ZM, Rana NK, Trecartin A, Shen A, Trostle D, Bertsch D. Large Unilateral Adrenal Mass with Surrounding Brown Fat: A Case Report. Cureus 2017; 9:e1552. [PMID: 29021924 PMCID: PMC5633263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors derived from chromaffin cells located in the adrenal and extra adrenal tissues. Pheochromocytomas are diagnosed biochemically and localized using different imaging modalities. The definitive management is surgical resection. Brown adipose tissues are normally present during fetal development, with regression over time. Brown adipose tissues are thermogenic and usually located in the neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. Here, we report a case of a unilateral pheochromocytoma surrounded by brown fat. The abnormal stimulation of brown fat noted on positive emission tomography scan (PET) resolved after the pheochromocytoma was resected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alice Shen
- General Surgery, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital
| | | | - David Bertsch
- Surgical Oncology, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital
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122
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Li L, Li B, Li M, Niu C, Wang G, Li T, Król E, Jin W, Speakman JR. Brown adipocytes can display a mammary basal myoepithelial cell phenotype in vivo. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1198-1211. [PMID: 29031720 PMCID: PMC5641686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous work has suggested that white adipocytes may also show a mammary luminal secretory cell phenotype during lactation. The capacity of brown and beige/brite adipocytes to display a mammary cell phenotype and the levels at which they demonstrate such phenotypes in vivo is currently unknown. Methods To investigate the putative adipocyte origin of mammary gland cells, we performed genetic lineage-labeling experiments in BAT and the mammary glands. Results These studies indicated that the classic brown adipocytes (Ucp1+) and subcutaneous beige/brite adipocytes (Ucp1−/+) were found in the mammary gland during lactation, when they exhibited a mammary myoepithelial phenotype. Up to 2.5% of the anterior dorsal interscapular mammary myoepithelial cell population had a brown adipocyte origin with an adipose and myoepithelial gene signature during lactation. Eliminating these cells, along with all the brown adipocytes, significantly slowed offspring growth, potentially demonstrating their functional importance. Additionally, we showed mammary epithelial lineage Mmtv+ and Krt14+ cells expressed brown adipocyte markers after weaning, demonstrating that mammary gland cells can display an adipose phenotype. Conclusions The identification of a brown adipocyte origin of mammary myoepithelial cells provides a novel perspective on the interrelationships between adipocytes and mammary cells with implications for our understanding of obesity and breast cancer. Brown adipocytes can show a mammary myoepithelial cell phenotype in vivo. Myf5+/Ucp1+ myoepithelial cells express an adipose and myoepithelial signature. Mammary-derived epithelial cells can display adipose features after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Elżbieta Król
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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123
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Mattiucci D, Maurizi G, Izzi V, Cenci L, Ciarlantini M, Mancini S, Mensà E, Pascarella R, Vivarelli M, Olivieri A, Leoni P, Poloni A. Bone marrow adipocytes support hematopoietic stem cell survival. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1500-1511. [PMID: 28574591 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In bone marrow (BM), hematopoietic elements are mingled with adipocytes (BM-A), which are the most abundant stromal component in the niche. BM-A progressively increase with aging, eventually occupying up to 50% of BM cavities. In this work, the role played by BM-A was explored by studying primary human BM-A isolated from hip surgery patients at the molecular level, through microarray analysis, and at the functional level, by assessing their relationship with primary human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by the long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay. Findings demonstrated that BM-A are capable of supporting HSC survival in the LTC-IC assay, since after 5 weeks of co-culture, HSC were still able to proliferate and differentiate. Furthermore, critical molecules such as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), interleukin (IL)-8, colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), were expressed at similar levels in BM-A and in primary human BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), whereas IL-3 was higher in BM-A. Interestingly, BM-A displayed a different gene expression profile compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes (AT-A) collected from abdominal surgery patients, especially in terms of regulation of lipid metabolism, stemness genes, and white-to-brown differentiation pathways. Accordingly, analysis of the gene pathways involved in hematopoiesis regulation showed that BM-A are more closely related to BM-MSC than to AT-A. The present data suggest that BM-A play a supporting role in the hematopoietic niche and directly sustain HSC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattiucci
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lorenzo Cenci
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Ciarlantini
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vivarelli
- Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Attilio Olivieri
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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124
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Chu DT, Tao Y, Son LH, Le DH. Cell source, differentiation, functional stimulation, and potential application of human thermogenic adipocytes in vitro. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:315-321. [PMID: 28612196 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have showed that the functional thermogenic adipocytes are present in both infants and adult humans. Accumulating evidence suggests that the coexistence of classical and inducible brown (brite) adipocytes in humans at adulthood and these adipocytes function to generate heat from energy resulting in reducing body fat and improving glucose metabolism. Human thermogenic adipocytes can be differentiated in vitro from stem cells, cell lines, or adipose stromal vascular fraction. Pre-activated human brite adipocytes in vitro can maintain their thermogenic function in normal or obese immunodeficient mice; therefore, they improve glucose homeostasis and reduce fat mass in obese animals. These key findings have opened a new door to use in vitro thermogenic adipocytes as a cell therapy to prevent obesity and related disorders. Thus, this paper intends to highlight our knowledge in aspects of in vitro human brite/brown adipocytes for the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam. .,Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Vietnam
| | - Le Hoang Son
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Hau Le
- VINMEC Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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125
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Li JX, Cummins CL. Getting the Skinny on Follistatin and Fat. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1109-1112. [PMID: 28609834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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126
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den Broeder MJ, Moester MJB, Kamstra JH, Cenijn PH, Davidoiu V, Kamminga LM, Ariese F, de Boer JF, Legler J. Altered Adipogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae Following High Fat Diet and Chemical Exposure Is Visualised by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E894. [PMID: 28441764 PMCID: PMC5412473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stage exposure to environmental chemicals may play a role in obesity by altering adipogenesis; however, robust in vivo methods to quantify these effects are lacking. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of developmental exposure to chemicals on adipogenesis in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We used label-free Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy for the first time to image zebrafish adipogenesis at 15 days post fertilization (dpf) and compared standard feed conditions (StF) to a high fat diet (HFD) or high glucose diet (HGD). We also exposed zebrafish embryos to a non-toxic concentration of tributyltin (TBT, 1 nM) or Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCiPP, 0.5 µM) from 0-6 dpf and reared larvae to 15 dpf under StF. Potential molecular mechanisms of altered adipogenesis were examined by qPCR. Diet-dependent modulation of adipogenesis was observed, with HFD resulting in a threefold increase in larvae with adipocytes, compared to StF and HGD. Developmental exposure to TBT but not TDCiPP significantly increased adipocyte differentiation. The expression of adipogenic genes such as pparda, lxr and lepa was altered in response to HFD or chemicals. This study shows that SRS microscopy can be successfully applied to zebrafish to visualize and quantify adipogenesis, and is a powerful approach for identifying obesogenic chemicals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo J den Broeder
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam J B Moester
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. BOX 8146, Dep 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter H Cenijn
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Davidoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie M Kamminga
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek Ariese
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes F de Boer
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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127
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Dani C, Pfeifer A. The complexity of PDGFR signaling: regulation of adipose progenitor maintenance and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:28. [PMID: 28529943 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Faculté de Médecine 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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128
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Maurizi G, Poloni A, Mattiucci D, Santi S, Maurizi A, Izzi V, Giuliani A, Mancini S, Zingaretti MC, Perugini J, Severi I, Falconi M, Vivarelli M, Rippo MR, Corvera S, Giordano A, Leoni P, Cinti S. Human White Adipocytes Convert Into “Rainbow” Adipocytes In Vitro. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2887-2899. [PMID: 27987321 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maurizi
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Clinica di Ematologia; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Clinica di Ematologia; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Domenico Mattiucci
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Clinica di Ematologia; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del CNR; Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Muscoloscheletrica, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli; Bologna Italy
| | - Angela Maurizi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Clinica Chirurgia del Pancreas; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine; Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Laboratorio di Patologia Sperimentale; Ancona Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Clinica di Ematologia; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Zingaretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Center of Obesity; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Center of Obesity; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Center of Obesity; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Clinica Chirurgia del Pancreas; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Marco Vivarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplantation Surgery; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Laboratorio di Patologia Sperimentale; Ancona Italy
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Center of Obesity; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari; Clinica di Ematologia; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Center of Obesity; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
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129
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Liu J, Xu Z, Wu W, Wang Y, Shan T. CreRecombinase Strains Used for the Study of Adipose Tissues and Adipocyte Progenitors. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2698-2703. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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130
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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131
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Graus-Nunes F, Rachid TL, de Oliveira Santos F, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Souza-Mello V. AT1 receptor antagonist induces thermogenic beige adipocytes in the inguinal white adipose tissue of obese mice. Endocrine 2017; 55:786-798. [PMID: 28012150 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether losartan is able to induce beige adipocytes formation, focusing on the thermogenic gene expression and adipocyte remodeling in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received a control diet (10% energy as lipids) or a high-fat diet (50% energy as lipids) for 10 weeks, followed by a 5-week treatment with losartan: control group, control-losartan group (10 mg/Kg/day), high-fat group and high-fat-losartan group (10 mg/Kg/day). Biochemical, morphometrical, stereological and molecular approaches were used to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS The high-fat diet elicited overweight, insulin resistance and adipocyte hypertrophy in the high-fat group, all of which losartan rescued in the high-fat-losartan group. These effects comply with the induction of beige adipocytes within the inguinal fat pads in high-fat-losartan group as they exhibited the greatest energy expenditure among the groups along with the presence uncoupling protein 1 positive multilocular adipocytes with enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and PR domain containing 16 mRNA levels, indicating a significant potential for mitochondrial biogenesis and adaptive thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results show compelling evidence that losartan countered diet-induced obesity in mice by enhancing energy expenditure through beige adipocytes induction. Reduced body mass, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased adipocyte size and marked expression of uncoupling protein 1 by ectopic multilocular adipocytes support these findings. The use of losartan as a coadjutant medicine to tackle obesity and its related disorders merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Lima Rachid
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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132
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Porras DP, Abbaszadeh M, Bhattacharya D, D'Souza NC, Edjiu NR, Perry CGR, Scimè A. p107 Determines a Metabolic Checkpoint Required for Adipocyte Lineage Fates. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1378-1391. [PMID: 28233396 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We show that the transcriptional corepressor p107 orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint that determines adipocyte lineage fates for non-committed progenitors. p107 accomplishes this when stem cell commitment would normally occur in growth arrested cells. p107-deficient embryonic progenitors are characterized by a metabolic state resembling aerobic glycolysis that is necessary for their pro-thermogenic fate. Indeed, during growth arrest they have a reduced capacity for NADH partitioning between the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Intriguingly, this occurred despite an increase in the capacity for mitochondrial oxidation of non-glucose substrates. The significance of metabolic reprogramming is underscored by the disruption of glycolytic capacities in p107-depleted progenitors that reverted their fates from pro-thermogenic to white adipocytes. Moreover, the manipulation of glycolytic capacity on nonspecified embryonic and adult progenitors forced their beige fat commitment. These innovative findings introduce a new approach to increase pro-thermogenic adipocytes based on simply promoting aerobic glycolysis to manipulate nonspecified progenitor fate decisions. Stem Cells 2017;35:1378-1391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Abbaszadeh
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ninoschka C D'Souza
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nareh R Edjiu
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Stem Cell Research Group, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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133
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Invited review: Pre- and postnatal adipose tissue development in farm animals: from stem cells to adipocyte physiology. Animal 2017; 10:1839-1847. [PMID: 27751202 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both white and brown adipose tissues are recognized to be differently involved in energy metabolism and are also able to secrete a variety of factors called adipokines that are involved in a wide range of physiological and metabolic functions. Brown adipose tissue is predominant around birth, except in pigs. Irrespective of species, white adipose tissue has a large capacity to expand postnatally and is able to adapt to a variety of factors. The aim of this review is to update the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with pre- and postnatal adipose tissue development with a special focus on pigs and ruminants. In contrast to other tissues, the embryonic origin of adipose cells remains the subject of debate. Adipose cells arise from the recruitment of specific multipotent stem cells/progenitors named adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Recent studies have highlighted the existence of a variety of those cells being able to differentiate into white, brown or brown-like/beige adipocytes. After commitment to the adipocyte lineage, progenitors undergo large changes in the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle arrest, lipid accumulation and secretory functions. Early nutrition can affect these processes during fetal and perinatal periods and can also influence or pre-determinate later growth of adipose tissue. How these changes may be related to adipose tissue functional maturity around birth and can influence newborn survival is discussed. Altogether, a better knowledge of fetal and postnatal adipose tissue development is important for various aspects of animal production, including neonatal survival, postnatal growth efficiency and health.
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134
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Aldiss P, Dellschaft N, Sacks H, Budge H, Symonds ME. Beyond obesity – thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0007/hmbci-2017-0007.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe global prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease continues to increase through the 21st century. Whilst multi-factorial, obesity is ultimately caused by chronic caloric excess. However, despite numerous interventions focussing on reducing caloric intake these either fail or only elicit short-term changes in body mass. There is now a focus on increasing energy expenditure instead which has stemmed from the recent ‘re-discovery’ of cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and inducible ‘beige’ adipocytes. Through the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), these thermogenic adipocytes are capable of combusting large amounts of chemical energy as heat and in animal models can prevent obesity and cardiometabolic disease. At present, human data does not point to a role for thermogenic adipocytes in regulating body weight or fat mass but points to a pivotal role in regulating metabolic health by improving insulin resistance as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. This review will therefore focus on the metabolic benefits of BAT activation and the mechanisms and signalling pathways by which these could occur including improvements in insulin signalling in peripheral tissues, systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism and cardiac and vascular function.
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135
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Chen M, Liang S, Zhou H, Xu Y, Qin X, Hu Z, Wang X, Qiu L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ying Z. Prenatal and postnatal mothering by diesel exhaust PM 2.5-exposed dams differentially program mouse energy metabolism. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28100227 PMCID: PMC5423412 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the leading threats to global public health. It is consequent to abnormal energy metabolism. Currently, it has been well established that maternal exposure to environmental stressors that cause inappropriate fetal development may have long-term adverse effects on offspring energy metabolism in an exposure timing-dependent manner, known as developmental programming of health and diseases paradigm. Rapidly increasing evidence has indicated that maternal exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) correlates to abnormal fetal development. In the present study, we therefore assessed whether maternal exposure to diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP), the major component of ambient PM2.5 in urban areas, programs offspring energy metabolism, and further examined how the timing of exposure impacts this programming. RESULTS The growth trajectory of offspring shows that although prenatal maternal exposure to DEP did not impact the birth weight of offspring, it significantly decreased offspring body weight from postnatal week 2 until the end of observation. This weight loss effect of prenatal maternal exposure to DEP coincided with decreased food intake but not alteration in brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology. The hypophagic effect of prenatal maternal exposure to DEP was in concord with decreased hypothalamic expression of an orexigenic peptide NPY, suggesting that the prenatal maternal exposure to DEP impacts offspring energy balance primarily through programming of food intake. Paradoxically, the reduced body weight resulted from prenatal maternal exposure to DEP was accompanied by increased mass of epididymal adipose tissue, which was due to hyperplasia as morphological analysis did not observe any hypertrophy. In direct contrast, the postnatal mothering by DEP-exposed dams increased offspring body weight during lactation and adulthood, paralleled by markedly increased fat accumulation and decreased UCP1 expression in BAT but not alteration in food intake. The weight gain induced by postnatal mothering by DEP-exposed dams was also expressed as an increased adiposity. But it concurred with a marked hypertrophy of adipocytes. CONCLUSION Prenatal and postnatal mothering by DEP-exposed dams differentially program offspring energy metabolism, underscoring consideration of the exposure timing when examining the adverse effects of maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Bile Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100 China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Endocrinology, the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003 China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Bargut TCL, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Browning of white adipose tissue: lessons from experimental models. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2016-0051. [PMID: 28099124 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes are present in white adipose tissue (WAT) and have a white fat-like phenotype that when stimulated acquires a brown fat-like phenotype, leading to increased thermogenesis. This phenomenon is known as browning and is more likely to occur in subcutaneous fat depots. Browning involves the expression of many transcription factors, such as PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1, which is the hallmark of thermogenesis. Recent papers pointed that browning can occur in the WAT of humans, with beneficial metabolic effects. This fact indicates that these cells can be targeted to treat a range of diseases, with both pharmacological and nutritional activators. Pharmacological approaches to induce browning include the use of PPAR-α agonist, adrenergic receptor stimulation, thyroid hormone administration, irisin and FGF21 induction. Most of them act through the induction of PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC) 1-α and the consequent mitochondrial biogenesis and UCP1 induction. About the nutritional inducers, several compounds have been described with multiple mechanisms of action. Some of these activators include specific amino acids restriction, capsaicin, bile acids, Resveratrol, and retinoic acid. Besides that, some classes of lipids, as well as many plant extracts, have also been implicated in the browning of WAT. In conclusion, the discovery of browning in human WAT opens the possibility to target the adipose tissue to fight a range of diseases. Studies have arisen showing promising results and bringing new opportunities in thermogenesis and obesity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratorio de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Phone (+55.21) 2868-8316, Fax: 2868-8033, E-mail:
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137
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Tubulin alpha 8 is expressed in hepatic stellate cells and is induced in transformed hepatocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:161-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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138
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Yao F, Zhang M, Chen L. Adipose Tissue-Specialized Immunologic Features Might Be the Potential Therapeutic Target of Prospective Medicines for Obesity. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:4504612. [PMID: 28466023 PMCID: PMC5390594 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4504612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue is either the source of obesity or the cause and result of chronic local inflammation, and recent studies indicate that the accumulation may induce many other specialized immunologic features with macrophages and epidemic diseases. We analyze the effective stages of immune cells in adipose tissue, including macrophage recruitment, macrophage polarization, and macrophage-like phenotype preadipocyte possession to find optimal sites as drug targets. Subsequently, some main signaling pathways are summarized in this review, including the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, the JNK signaling pathway, and a novel one, the Notch signaling pathway. We illustrate all these points in order to determine the general pathogenesis of chronic low-grade local inflammation in adipose tissue and the related signaling pathways. In addition, signal-associated prospective compounds, such as berberine, are summarized and discussed with potential targets in pathogenesis. This might provide some possible thoughts and novel therapies for studying chronic inflammatory diseases, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- *Li Chen:
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139
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Wu M, Liu D, Zeng R, Xian T, Lu Y, Zeng G, Sun Z, Huang B, Huang Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulation of PPARγ and FAS expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:134-142. [PMID: 27940057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component in green tea, functions as extensive bioactivities including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer. However, little is known about its anti-adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms. The purport of this study sought to investigate effects of EGCG on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and to explore its possible mechanisms. The 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate under the condition of pro-adipogenic cocktail with or without indicated EGCG concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200µM) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. Also, another batch of 3T3-L1 cells was induced under the optimal EGCG concentration (100µM) with or without SC3036 (PI3K activator, 10µM) or SC79 (AKT activator, 0.5µM) for 8 days. Subsequently, the cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the cell morphology was visualized by Oil red O staining. Finally, the mRNA levels including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by quantitative real time PCR, while the protein levels of PPARγ, FAS, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor substrate1(IRS1), AKT, and p-AKT were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Our results showed that EGCG inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects were reversed by SC3036 or SC79, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of EGCG are mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling to down-regulate PPARγ and FAS expression levels. The findings shed light on EGCG anti-adipogenic effects and its underlying mechanism and provide a novel preventive-therapeutic potential for obesity subjects as a compound from Chinese green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhangzetian Sun
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Huang
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
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140
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Lu S, Wang J, Ye J, Zou Y, Zhu Y, Wei Q, Wang X, Tang S, Liu H, Fan J, Zhang F, Farina EM, Mohammed MM, Song D, Liao J, Huang J, Guo D, Lu M, Liu F, Liu J, Li L, Ma C, Hu X, Lee MJ, Reid RR, Ameer GA, Zhou D, He T. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) induces effective bone formation from reversibly immortalized multipotent adipose-derived (iMAD) mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3710-3730. [PMID: 27725853 PMCID: PMC5040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise as an effective approach to bone and skeletal reconstruction. While adipose tissue harbors MSC-like progenitors, or multipotent adipose-derived cells (MADs), it is important to identify and characterize potential biological factors that can effectively induce osteogenic differentiation of MADs. To overcome the time-consuming and technically challenging process of isolating and culturing primary MADs, here we establish and characterize the reversibly immortalized mouse multipotent adipose-derived cells (iMADs). The isolated mouse primary inguinal MAD cells are reversibly immortalized via the retrovirus-mediated expression of SV40 T antigen flanked with FRT sites. The iMADs are shown to express most common MSC markers. FLP-mediated removal of SV40 T antigen effectively reduces the proliferative activity and cell survival of iMADs, indicating the immortalization is reversible. Using the highly osteogenic BMP9, we find that the iMADs are highly responsive to BMP9 stimulation, express multiple lineage regulators, and undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro upon BMP9 stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BMP9-stimulated iMADs form robust ectopic bone with a thermoresponsive biodegradable scaffold material. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the reversibly immortalized iMADs exhibit the characteristics of multipotent MSCs and are highly responsive to BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Thus, the iMADs should provide a valuable resource for the study of MAD biology, which would ultimately enable us to develop novel and efficacious strategies for MAD-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Shandong Provincial Orthopaedics Hospital, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital and West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengli Tang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of General Surgery and Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Evan M Farina
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam M Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongzhe Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital and West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Minpeng Lu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of General Surgery and Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Orthopaedics Hospital, The Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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Zamaninour N, Mirzaei K, Keshavarz SA, Ansar H, Hossein-Nezhad A. New insight into determining indicators of metabolic status in women: Expression of PPARγ and FABP4 in PBMCs. Women Health 2016; 57:905-918. [PMID: 27563749 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1222330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adiposity and its metabolic disturbances could be regulated by adipocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and fatty acid-binding protein4. Although these two proteins are mainly expressed in adipose tissues, they can also be expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which could be useful for predicting body composition and blood parameters. Thus, this cross-sectional study was performed during January 2013-January 2014 with 229 women (age range, 22-52 years) who were classified as obese or nonobese. Serum glucose, insulin, lipids, and body composition were measured in the fasting state. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to extract ribonucleic acid (RNA) and to determine gene expression by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All serum parameters and components of body composition were significantly higher in obese than in nonobese women. Gene expression analysis showed that serum levels of glucose and lipids, except high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were higher in the group that expressed high fatty acid-binding protein4. Increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was associated with a significant reduction of blood sugar and increased HDL and other lipids and visceral fat. Therefore, it seems that the level of expression of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may indicate metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Zamaninour
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- c Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Arash Hossein-Nezhad
- c Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory , Boston University Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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142
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Xu H, Fu JL, Miao YF, Wang CJ, Han QF, Li S, Huang SZ, Du SN, Qiu YX, Yang JC, Gustafsson JÅ, Breyer RM, Zheng F, Wang NP, Zhang XY, Guan YF. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 regulates both adipogenesis and lipolysis in mouse white adipose tissue. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:518-529. [PMID: 27436752 PMCID: PMC5181317 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the four prostaglandin E2 receptors, EP3 receptor is the one most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT). The mouse EP3 gene gives rise to three isoforms, namely EP3α, EP3β, and EP3γ, which differ only at their C-terminal tails. To date, functions of EP3 receptor and its isoforms in WAT remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we found that the expression of all EP3 isoforms were downregulated in WAT of both db/db and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic ablation of three EP3 receptor isoforms (EP3-/- mice) or EP3α and EP3γ isoforms with EP3β intact (EP3β mice) led to an obese phenotype with increased food intake, decreased motor activity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and elevated serum triglycerides. Since the differentiation of preadipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts to adipocytes was markedly facilitated by either pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion/inhibition of EP3 receptor via the cAMP/PKA/PPARγ pathway, increased adipogenesis may contribute to obesity in EP3-/- and EP3β mice. Moreover, both EP3-/- and EP3β mice had increased lipolysis in WAT mainly due to the activated cAMP/PKA/hormone-sensitive lipase pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that EP3 receptor and its α and γ isoforms are involved in both adipogenesis and lipolysis and influence food intake, serum lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Lin Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Fei Miao
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chun-Jiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi-Fei Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Qiu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ji-Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Physiology, AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China .,Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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143
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Isolation and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Murine WT1-Expressing Adipocyte Precursor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27417961 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4023-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The current global obesity epidemic has triggered increased interest in adipose tissue biology. A major area of attention for many is adipose tissue development. A greater understanding of adipocyte ontogeny could be highly beneficial in answering questions about obesity-associated disease. Recent work has shown that a proportion of mature adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue are derived from Wt1-expressing adipocyte precursor cells. These adipocyte precursor cells reside within the adipose tissue itself, and are a constituent of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), along with other, non-adipogenic, cell types. Crucially, heterogeneity exists within the adipocyte precursor population, with only a proportion of cells expressing Wt1. Moreover, it appears that this difference in the precursor cells may influence the mature adipocytes, with Wt1-lineage-positive adipocytes having fewer, larger lipid droplets than the Wt1-lineage negative. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, based on specific marker profiles, it is possible to isolate the adipocyte precursor cells from the SVF. Subsequently, this population can be divided into Wt1-expressing and non-expressing fractions, therefore permitting further analysis of the two cell populations, and the mature adipocytes derived from them. In this chapter we outline a method by which adipocyte precursor cells can be isolated, and how, using a specific mouse model, Wt1-expressing and non-expressing cells can be separated.
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144
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Pellegrinelli V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose tissue plasticity: how fat depots respond differently to pathophysiological cues. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1075-88. [PMID: 27039901 PMCID: PMC4861754 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. However, in the context of sustained obesity, WAT undergoes fibro-inflammation, which compromises its functionality, contributing to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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145
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Liu D, Bordicchia M, Zhang C, Fang H, Wei W, Li JL, Guilherme A, Guntur K, Czech MP, Collins S. Activation of mTORC1 is essential for β-adrenergic stimulation of adipose browning. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1704-16. [PMID: 27018708 DOI: 10.1172/jci83532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic metabolic concept posits that insulin promotes energy storage and adipose expansion, while catecholamines stimulate release of adipose energy stores by hydrolysis of triglycerides through β-adrenergic receptor (βARs) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Here, we have shown that a key hub in the insulin signaling pathway, activation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) through mTORC1, is also triggered by PKA activation in both mouse and human adipocytes. Mice with mTORC1 impairment, either through adipocyte-specific deletion of Raptor or pharmacologic rapamycin treatment, were refractory to the well-known βAR-dependent increase of uncoupling protein UCP1 expression and expansion of beige/brite adipocytes (so-called browning) in white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, PKA directly phosphorylated mTOR and RAPTOR on unique serine residues, an effect that was independent of insulin/AKT signaling. Abrogation of the PKA site within RAPTOR disrupted βAR/mTORC1 activation of S6K1 without affecting mTORC1 activation by insulin. Conversely, a phosphomimetic RAPTOR augmented S6K1 activity. Together, these studies reveal a signaling pathway from βARs and PKA through mTORC1 that is required for adipose browning by catecholamines and provides potential therapeutic strategies to enhance energy expenditure and combat metabolic disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
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146
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Bartesaghi S, Hallen S, Huang L, Svensson PA, Momo RA, Wallin S, Carlsson EK, Forslöw A, Seale P, Peng XR. Thermogenic activity of UCP1 in human white fat-derived beige adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 29:130-9. [PMID: 25389910 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-producing beige/brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes in white adipose tissue have the potential to suppress metabolic disease in mice and hold great promise for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Here, we demonstrate that human adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (hASCs) from subcutaneous white adipose tissue can be efficiently converted into beige adipocytes. Upon pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, hASC-derived adipocytes activated beige fat-selective genes and a brown/beige fat-selective electron transport chain gene program. Importantly, hASC-derived beige fat cells displayed the bioenergetic characteristics of genuine brown fat cells, including a capacity for increased respiratory uncoupling in response to β-adrenergic agonists. Furthermore, knock-down experiments reveal that the thermogenic capacity of human beige fat cells was entirely dependent on the presence of Uncoupling protein 1. In summary, this study reveals that hASCs can be readily differentiated into beige adipocytes that, upon activation, undergo uncoupling protein 1-dependent thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bartesaghi
- Department of Bioscience (S.B., S.H., S.W., E.K.C., X.-R.P..), iMed Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, SE-43183 Sweden; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (L.H., P.S.), Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (P.-A.S.), Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-41345 Sweden; Department of Translational Science (R.A.M.), iMed Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, SE-43183 Sweden; and iPSC/Primary Cell/Stem Cell and Assay Development (A.F.), Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, SE-43183 Sweden
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147
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Siegel-Axel DI, Häring HU. Perivascular adipose tissue: An unique fat compartment relevant for the cardiometabolic syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:51-60. [PMID: 26995737 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and its major risk factor, obesity, are an increasing worldwide health problem. The exact mechanisms that link obesity with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular complications and renal diseases, are still not clarified sufficiently. Adipose tissue in general is an active endocrine and paracrine organ that may influence the development of these disorders. Excessive body fat in general obesity may also cause quantitative and functional alterations of specific adipose tissue compartments. Beside visceral and subcutaneous fat depots which exert systemic effects by the release of adipokines, cytokines and hormones, there are also locally acting fat depots such as peri- and epicardial fat, perivascular fat, and renal sinus fat. Perivascular adipose tissue is in close contact with the adventitia of large, medium and small diameter arteries, possesses unique features differing from other fat depots and may act also independently of general obesity. An increasing number of studies are dealing with the "good" or "bad" characteristics and functions of normally sized and dramatically increased perivascular fat mass in lean or heavily obese individuals. This review describes the origin of perivascular adipose tissue, its different locations, the dual role of a physiological and unphysiological fat mass and its impact on diabetes, cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clinical studies, new imaging methods, as well as basic research in cell culture experiments in the last decade helped to elucidate the various aspects of the unique fat compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Siegel-Axel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str.10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - H U Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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148
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Majdoubi A, Kishta OA, Thibodeau J. Role of antigen presentation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. Cytokine 2016; 82:112-21. [PMID: 26854212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes regroups different physiological anomalies that ultimately lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic β-cells. Obesity is one of the best examples of such a condition that can develop into Metabolic Syndrome, causing serious health problems of great socio-economic consequences. The pathological outcome of obesity has a genetic basis and depends on the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors of the immune system. The causal link between obesity and inflammation is well established. While innate immunity plays a key role in the development of a pro-inflammatory state in obese adipose tissues, it has now become clear that adaptive immune cells are also involved and participate in the cascade of events that lead to metabolic perturbations. The efficacy of some immunotherapeutic protocols in reducing the symptoms of obesity-driven metabolic syndrome in mice implicated all arms of the immune response. Recently, the production of pathogenic immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by B and T lymphocytes suggested an auto-immune basis for the establishment of a non-healthy obese state. Understanding the cellular landscape of obese adipose tissues and how immune cells sustain chronic inflammation holds the key to the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we emphasize the role of antigen-presenting cells and MHC molecules in obese adipose tissue and the general contribution of the adaptive arm of the immune system in inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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149
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Lizcano F, Vargas D. Biology of Beige Adipocyte and Possible Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:9542061. [PMID: 27528872 PMCID: PMC4977401 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9542061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All mammals own two main forms of fat. The classical white adipose tissue builds up energy in the form of triglycerides and is useful for preventing fatigue during periods of low caloric intake and the brown adipose tissue instead of inducing fat accumulation can produce energy as heat. Since adult humans possess significant amounts of active brown fat depots and their mass inversely correlates with adiposity, brown fat might play an important role in human obesity and energy homeostasis. New evidence suggests two types of thermogenic adipocytes with distinct developmental and anatomical features: classical brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes. Beige adipocyte has recently attracted special interest because of its ability to dissipate energy and the possible ability to differentiate itself from white adipocytes. Importantly, adult human brown adipocyte appears to be mainly composed of beige-like adipocytes, making this cell type an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related diseases. Because many epigenetic changes can affect beige adipocyte differentiation, the knowledge of the circumstances that affect the development of beige adipocyte cells may be important for therapeutic strategies. In this review we discuss some recent observations arising from the great physiological capacity of these cells and their possible role as ways to treat obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
- Fundacion Cardioinfantil IC, Bogota, Colombia
- *Fernando Lizcano:
| | - Diana Vargas
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
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150
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