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Chen M, Wang D, Li M, He Y, He T, Chen M, Hu Y, Luo Z, Cai K. Nanocatalytic Biofunctional MOF Coating on Titanium Implants Promotes Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration through Cooperative Pro-osteoblastogenesis MSC Reprogramming. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15397-15412. [PMID: 36106984 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An elevated bone microenvironmental reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is a hallmark of osteoporosis that often leads to the dysfunction of bone-related mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which would induce MSC senescence and severely undermine their osteoblastic potential. Herein, we report the in situ construction of bone microenvironment-responsive biofunctional metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) coating on the titanium surface through the coordination between p-xylylenebisphosphonate (PXBP) and Ce/Sr ions by a hydrothermal method. Taking advantage of the anchored Ce and Sr ions, the AHT-Ce/SrMOF implants demonstrate on-demand superoxide dismutase and catalase-like catalytic activities to decompose ROS in MSCs and restore their mitochondrial functions. In vitro analysis showed that the AHT-Ce/SrMOF implants substantially activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in MSCs and reduced the ROS levels. Meanwhile, MSCs grown on AHT-Ce/SrMOF implants displayed significantly higher expressions of the mitochondrial fission marker (DRP1), mitochondrial fusion marker (MFN2 and OPA1), and mitophagy marker (PINK1 and LC3) than those of the AHT-CeMOF and AHT-SrMOF groups, which indicated that the bio-MOF could amend mitochondrial function in MSCs to reverse senescence. In vivo evaluations showed that the bio-MOF-coated Ti implants could restore MSC function in the implant site and promote new bone formation, leading to improved osteointegration in osteoporotic rat. This study may improve implant-mediated fracture healing in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Ye He
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27705, North Carolina, United States
| | - Tingting He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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102
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Arbov E, Tayara A, Wu S, Rich TC, Wagener BM. COVID-19 and Long-Term Outcomes: Lessons from Other Critical Care Illnesses and Potential Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:275-283. [PMID: 35348443 PMCID: PMC9447134 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0374ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that is currently causing a pandemic and has been termed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The elderly or those with preexisting conditions like diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, or kidney dysfunction are more likely to develop severe cases when infected. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU have higher mortality than non-ICU patients. Critical illness has consistently posed a challenge not only in terms of mortality but also in regard to long-term outcomes of survivors. Patients who survive acute critical illness including, but not limited to, pulmonary and systemic insults associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, systemic inflammation, and mechanical ventilation, will likely suffer from post-ICU syndrome, a phenomenon of cognitive, psychiatric, and/or physical disability after treatment in the ICU. Post-ICU morbidity and mortality continue to be a cause for concern when considering large-scale studies showing 12-month mortality risks of 11.8-21%. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms, including cytokine release, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even amyloids, may lead to end-organ dysfunction in patients. We hypothesize that COVID-19 infection will lead to post-ICU syndrome via potentially similar mechanisms as other chronic critical illnesses and cause long-term morbidity and mortality in patients. We consider a variety of mechanisms and questions that not only consider the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but its long-term effects that may not yet be imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Arbov
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alia Tayara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Honors College
| | - Songwei Wu
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
| | - Thomas C. Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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103
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Harley G, Katerelos M, Gleich K, de Souza DP, Narayana VK, Kemp BE, Power DA, Mount PF. Blocking AMPK signalling to acetyl-CoA carboxylase increases cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and suppresses the benefit of metformin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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104
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Wang M, Zou J, Wang J, Liu M, Liu K, Wang N, Wang K. Aberrant HSF1 signaling activation underlies metformin amelioration of myocardial infarction in mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:312-328. [PMID: 35950214 PMCID: PMC9352811 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Clinically, rehabilitation after massive MI often has a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the therapeutic methods of myocardial protection after MI. As a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, metformin has been found to have a certain protective effect on myocardial tissue. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated key factors that reduced MI with metformin. Through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analyses, we identified HSF1 as a key target for metformin. HSF1 could up-regulate the transcriptional level of AMPKα2 through transcriptional activation and stimulate the activity of the downstream AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Metformin stimulated cardiomyocytes to form stress granules (SGs), and knockdown of HSF1 reversed this process. Furthermore, HSF1 exhibited better in vitro affinity for metformin than AMPK, suggesting that HSF1 may be a more sensitive target for metformin.
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105
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Mercado-Gómez M, Prieto-Fernández E, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Vila-Vecilla L, Azkargorta M, Bravo M, Serrano-Maciá M, Egia-Mendikute L, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Lee SY, Eguileor Giné A, Gil-Pitarch C, González-Recio I, Simón J, Petrov P, Jover R, Martínez-Cruz LA, Ereño-Orbea J, Delgado TC, Elortza F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Nogueiras R, Prevot V, Palazon A, Martínez-Chantar ML. The spike of SARS-CoV-2 promotes metabolic rewiring in hepatocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:827. [PMID: 35978143 PMCID: PMC9383691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a multi-organ damage that includes hepatic dysfunction, which has been observed in over 50% of COVID-19 patients. Liver injury in COVID-19 could be attributed to the cytopathic effects, exacerbated immune responses or treatment-associated drug toxicity. Herein we demonstrate that hepatocytes are susceptible to infection in different models: primary hepatocytes derived from humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 mice (hACE2) and primary human hepatocytes. Pseudotyped viral particles expressing the full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) bind to ACE2 expressed by hepatocytes, promoting metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis but also impaired mitochondrial activity. Human and hACE2 primary hepatocytes, where steatosis and inflammation were induced by methionine and choline deprivation, are more vulnerable to infection. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system increases the susceptibility of primary hepatocytes to infection with pseudotyped viral particles. Metformin, a common therapeutic option for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients known to partially attenuate fatty liver, reduces the infection of human and hACE2 hepatocytes. In summary, we provide evidence that hepatocytes are amenable to infection with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, and we propose that metformin could be a therapeutic option to attenuate infection by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with fatty liver. SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infects human hepatocytes leading to metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial activity, and metformin can reduce infection under steatotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Laura Vila-Vecilla
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), ProteoRedISCIII, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - So Young Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Eguileor Giné
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petar Petrov
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Dep. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - June Ereño-Orbea
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardoso Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), ProteoRedISCIII, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBER Fisiopatología de a Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain Lab, UMR-S1172 INSERM, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Asis Palazon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - María L Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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107
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. RAGE pathway activation and function in chronic kidney disease and COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:970423. [PMID: 36017003 PMCID: PMC9395689 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.970423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-ligand receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its ligands are contributing factors in autoimmunity, cancers, and infectious disease. RAGE activation is increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CKD may increase the risk of COVID-19 severity and may also develop in the form of long COVID. RAGE is expressed in essentially all kidney cell types. Increased production of RAGE isoforms and RAGE ligands during CKD and COVID-19 promotes RAGE activity. The downstream effects include cellular dysfunction, tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation, which in turn contribute to a decline in kidney function, hypertension, thrombotic disorders, and cognitive impairment. In this review, we discuss the forms and mechanisms of RAGE and RAGE ligands in the kidney and COVID-19. Because various small molecules antagonize RAGE activity in animal models, targeting RAGE, its co-receptors, or its ligands may offer novel therapeutic approaches to slowing or halting progressive kidney disease, for which current therapies are often inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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108
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Monternier PA, Parasar P, Theurey P, Gluais Dagorn P, Kaur N, Nagaraja TN, Fouqueray P, Bolze S, Moller DE, Singh J, Hallakou-Bozec S. Beneficial Effects of the Direct AMP-Kinase Activator PXL770 in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:208-222. [PMID: 35764327 PMCID: PMC11047065 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe orphan disease caused by mutations in the peroxisomal ABCD1 transporter gene, leading to toxic accumulation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids (VLCFA - in particular C26:0) resulting in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and demyelination. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is downregulated in ALD, and its activation is implicated as a therapeutic target. PXL770 is the first direct allosteric AMPK activator with established clinical efficacy and tolerability. Methods: We investigated its effects in ALD patient-derived fibroblasts/lymphocytes and Abcd1 KO mouse glial cells. Readouts included VLCFA levels, mitochondrial function and mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes and compensatory transporters (ABCD2-3). After PXL770 treatment in Abcd1 KO mice, we assessed VLCFA levels in tissues, sciatic nerve axonal morphology by electronic microscopy and locomotor function by open-field/balance-beam tests. Results: In patients' cells and Abcd1 KO glial cells, PXL770 substantially decreased C26:0 levels (by ∼90%), improved mitochondrial respiration, reduced expression of multiple inflammatory genes and induced expression of ABCD2-3 In Abcd1 KO mice, PXL770 treatment normalized VLCFA in plasma and significantly reduced elevated levels in brain (-25%) and spinal cord (-32%) versus untreated (P < 0.001). Abnormal sciatic nerve axonal morphology was also improved along with amelioration of locomotor function. Conclusion: Direct AMPK activation exerts beneficial effects on several hallmarks of pathology in multiple ALD models in vitro and in vivo, supporting clinical development of PXL770 for this disease. Further studies would be needed to overcome limitations including small sample size for some parameters, lack of additional in vivo biomarkers and incomplete pharmacokinetic characterization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare and debilitating condition with no approved therapies, caused by accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids. AMPK is downregulated in the disease and has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target. PXL770 is a novel clinical stage direct AMPK activator. In these studies, we used PXL770 to achieve preclinical validation of direct AMPK activation for this disease - based on correction of key biochemical and functional readouts in vitro and in vivo, thus supporting clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Axel Monternier
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Parveen Parasar
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pierre Theurey
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pascale Gluais Dagorn
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Navtej Kaur
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tavarekere N Nagaraja
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pascale Fouqueray
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sébastien Bolze
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David E Moller
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sophie Hallakou-Bozec
- Poxel SA, Lyon, France (P.-A.M., P.T., P.G.D., P.F., S.B., D.E.M., S.H.-B.) and Departments of Neurology (P.P., N.K., J.S.) and Neurosurgery (T.N.N.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Zhu L, Liu J, Qiu M, Chen J, Liang Q, Peng G, Zou Z. Bacteria-mediated metformin-loaded peptide hydrogel reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cai X, Li H, Wang M, Chu E, Wei N, Lin J, Hu Y, Dai J, Chen A, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Zhong Y, Chang R, Wu S, Xiao Y, Liu C. mTOR Participates in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of Memory CD8 +T Cells Regulated by Glycometabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115197. [PMID: 35926651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD8+T cells participate in the fight against infection and tumorigenesis as well as in autoimmune disease progression because of their efficient and rapid immune response, long-term survival, and continuous differentiation. At each stage of their formation, maintenance, and function, the cell metabolism must be adjusted to match the functional requirements of the specific stage. Notably, enhanced glycolytic metabolism can generate sufficient levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form memory CD8+T cells, countering the view that glycolysis prevents the formation of memory CD8+T cells. This review focuses on how glycometabolism regulates memory CD8+T cells and highlights the key mechanisms through which the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway affects memory CD8+T cell formation, maintenance, and function by regulating glycometabolism. In addition, different subpopulations of memory CD8+T cells exhibit different metabolic flexibility during their formation, survival, and functional stages, during which the energy metabolism may be critical. These findings which may explain why enhanced glycolytic metabolism can give rise to memory CD8+T cells. Modulating the metabolism of memory CD8+T cells to influence specific cell fates may be useful for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haokun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward Chu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoshui Chang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences of China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yaomu Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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111
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Triggle CR, Mohammed I, Bshesh K, Marei I, Ye K, Ding H, MacDonald R, Hollenberg MD, Hill MA. Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? Metabolism 2022; 133:155223. [PMID: 35640743 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical and clinical data has stimulated interest in re-purposing metformin to treat a variety of diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome metformin improves insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes metformin may help reduce the insulin dose. Meta-analysis and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies link metformin to a reduction in the incidence of cancer. Clinical trials, including MILES (Metformin In Longevity Study), and TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed to determine if metformin can offset aging and extend lifespan. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that metformin, via suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways, protection of mitochondria and vascular function, and direct actions on neuronal stem cells, may protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Metformin has also been studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these data raise the question: Is metformin a drug for all diseases? It remains unclear as to whether all of these putative beneficial effects are secondary to its actions as an anti-hyperglycemic and insulin-sensitizing drug, or result from other cellular actions, including inhibition of mTOR (mammalian target for rapamycin), or direct anti-viral actions. Clarification is also sought as to whether data from ex vivo studies based on the use of high concentrations of metformin can be translated into clinical benefits, or whether they reflect a 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact of metformin, a drug with no known metabolites, is another emerging issue that has been linked to endocrine disruption in fish, and extensive use in T2D has also raised concerns over effects on human reproduction. The objectives for this review are to: 1) evaluate the putative mechanism(s) of action of metformin; 2) analyze the controversial evidence for metformin's effectiveness in the treatment of diseases other than type 2 diabetes; 3) assess the reproducibility of the data, and finally 4) reach an informed conclusion as to whether metformin is a drug for all diseases and reasons. We conclude that the primary clinical benefits of metformin result from its insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycaemic effects that secondarily contribute to a reduced risk of a number of diseases and thereby enhancing healthspan. However, benefits like improving vascular endothelial function that are independent of effects on glucose homeostasis add to metformin's therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalifa Bshesh
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ross MacDonald
- Distribution eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, a Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
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112
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Pavlovic K, Krako Jakovljevic N, Isakovic AM, Ivanovic T, Markovic I, Lalic NM. Therapeutic vs. Suprapharmacological Metformin Concentrations: Different Effects on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle Cells in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930308. [PMID: 35873556 PMCID: PMC9299382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent that has been widely used in clinical practice for over 60 years, and is currently the most prescribed antidiabetic drug worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of metformin action in different tissues are still not completely understood. Although metformin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase have been observed in many studies, published data is inconsistent. Furthermore, metformin concentrations used for in vitro studies and their pharmacological relevance are a common point of debate. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different metformin concentrations on energy metabolism and activity of relevant signaling pathways in C2C12 muscle cells in vitro. In order to determine if therapeutic metformin concentrations have an effect on skeletal muscle cells, we used micromolar metformin concentrations (50 µM), and compared the effects with those of higher, millimolar concentrations (5 mM), that have already been established to affect mitochondrial function and AMPK activity. We conducted all experiments in conditions of high (25 mM) and low glucose (5.5 mM) concentration, in order to discern the role of glucose availability on metformin action. According to our results, micromolar metformin treatment did not cause Complex I inhibition nor AMPK activation. Also, cells cultured in low glucose medium were more sensitive to Complex I inhibition, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and AMPK activation by millimolar metformin, but cells cultured in high glucose medium were more prone to induction of ROS production. In conclusion, even though suprapharmacological metformin concentrations cause Complex I inhibition and AMPK activation in skeletal muscle cells in vitro, therapeutic concentrations cause no such effect. This raises the question if these mechanisms are relevant for therapeutic effects of metformin in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasja Pavlovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Krako Jakovljevic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelka M Isakovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ivanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa M Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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113
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Nasykhova YA, Barbitoff YA, Tonyan ZN, Danilova MM, Nevzorov IA, Komandresova TM, Mikhailova AA, Vasilieva TV, Glavnova OB, Yarmolinskaya MI, Sluchanko EI, Glotov AS. Genetic and Phenotypic Factors Affecting Glycemic Response to Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081310. [PMID: 35893047 PMCID: PMC9330240 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent widely used in clinical practice for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The wide interindividual variability of response to metformin therapy was shown, and recently the impact of several genetic variants was reported. To assess the independent and combined effect of the genetic polymorphism on glycemic response to metformin, we performed an association analysis of the variants in ATM, SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and SLC2A2 genes with metformin response in 299 patients with T2DM. Likewise, the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the studied gene variants was analyzed in an extended group of patients with T2DM (n = 464) and a population group (n = 129). According to our results, one variant, rs12208357 in the SLC22A1 gene, had a significant impact on response to metformin in T2DM patients. Carriers of TT genotype and T allele had a lower response to metformin compared to carriers of CC/CT genotypes and C allele (p-value = 0.0246, p-value = 0.0059, respectively). To identify the parameters that had the greatest importance for the prediction of the therapy response to metformin, we next built a set of machine learning models, based on the various combinations of genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The model based on a set of four parameters, including gender, rs12208357 genotype, familial T2DM background, and waist–hip ratio (WHR) showed the highest prediction accuracy for the response to metformin therapy in patients with T2DM (AUC = 0.62 in cross-validation). Further pharmacogenetic studies may aid in the discovery of the fundamental mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, the identification of new drug targets, and finally, it could advance the development of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Nasykhova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Yury A. Barbitoff
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziravard N. Tonyan
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Maria M. Danilova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Ivan A. Nevzorov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Anastasiia A. Mikhailova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Olga B. Glavnova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Maria I. Yarmolinskaya
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Andrey S. Glotov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9117832003
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114
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Sung JY, Kim SG, Kang YJ, Choi HC. Metformin mitigates stress-induced premature senescence by upregulating AMPKα at Ser485 phosphorylation induced SIRT3 expression and inactivating mitochondrial oxidants. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111708. [PMID: 35863470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important cause of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. These senescence may be triggered by many factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Mitochondrial oxidative stress induces cellular senescence, but the mechanisms by which mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) regulates cellular senescence are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the anti-aging effect of metformin by examining links between VSMC senescence and mtROS in in vitro and in vivo. Metformin was found to increase p-AMPK (Ser485), but to decrease senescence-associated phenotypes and protein levels of senescence markers during ADR-induced VSMC senescence. Importantly, metformin decreased mtROS by inducing the deacetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) by increasing SIRT3 expression. Moreover, AMPK depletion reduced the expression of SIRT3 and increased the expression of acetylated SOD2 despite metformin treatment, suggesting AMPK activation by metformin is required to protect against mitochondrial oxidative stress by SIRT3. This study provides mechanistic evidence that metformin acts as an anti-aging agent and alleviates VSMC senescence by upregulating mitochondrial antioxidant induced p-AMPK (Ser485)-dependent SIRT3 expression, which suggests metformin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of age-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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115
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Peng J, Qin C, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Guo S, Hussain M, Yu L, Wondisford FE, He L. Activation of the canonical ER Stress IRE1-XBP1 Pathway by Insulin Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102283. [PMID: 35863429 PMCID: PMC9396404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout of the transcription factor X-box binding protein (XBP1) is known to decrease liver glucose production and lipogenesis. However, whether insulin can regulate gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis through XBP1 and how insulin activates the inositol-requiring enzyme-XBP1 ER stress pathway remains unexplored. Here, we report that in the fed state, insulin-activated kinase AKT directly phosphorylates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 at S724, which in turn mediates the splicing of XBP1u mRNA, thus favoring the generation of the spliced form, XBP1s, in the liver of mice. Subsequently, XBP1s stimulate the expression of lipogenic genes and upregulates liver lipogenesis as previously reported. Intriguingly, we find that fasting leads to an increase in XBP1u along with a drastic decrease in XBP1s in the liver of mice, and XBP1u, not XBP1s, significantly increases PKA-stimulated CRE reporter activity in cultured hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of XBP1u significantly increases cAMP-stimulated expression of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes, G6pc and Pck1, and glucose production in primary hepatocytes. Reexpression of XBP1u in the liver of mice with XBP1 depletion significantly increases fasting blood glucose levels and gluconeogenic gene expression. These data support an important role of XBP1u in upregulating gluconeogenesis in the fasted state. Taken together, we reveal that insulin signaling via AKT controls the expression of XBP1 isoforms and that XBP1u and XBP1s function in different nutritional states to regulate liver gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Caolitao Qin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Alexia Pearah
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, TX 77843
| | - Mehboob Hussain
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Ling He
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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116
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Garrod-Ketchley C, Schroth J, Bystrom J, Berryman V, Pattrick M, Campbell-Richards D, Hood GA, Hitman GA, Finer S, Henson SM. Altered Nutrient Uptake Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Senescent CD8 + EMRA T Cells During Type 2 Diabetes. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:681428. [PMID: 35821991 PMCID: PMC9261431 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.681428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial health and cellular metabolism can heavily influence the onset of senescence in T cells. CD8+ EMRA T cells exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations to oxidative phosphorylation, however, the metabolic properties of senescent CD8+ T cells from people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not known. We show here that mitochondria from T2D CD8+ T cells had a higher oxidative capacity together with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxgen species (mtROS), compared to age-matched control cells. While fatty acid uptake was increased, fatty acid oxidation was impaired in T2D CD8+ EMRA T cells, which also showed an accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased AMPK activity. Increasing glucose and fatty acids in healthy CD8+ T cells resulted in increased p-p53 expression and a fragmented mitochondrial morphology, similar to that observed in T2D CD8+ EMRA T cells. The resulting mitochondrial changes are likely to have a profound effect on T cell function. Consequently, a better understanding of these metabolic abnormalities is crucial as metabolic manipulation of these cells may restore correct T cell function and help reduce the impact of T cell dysfunction in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Callender
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Carroll
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Garrod-Ketchley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Schroth
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Gillian A Hood
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Hitman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Finer
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian M Henson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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117
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Liu L, Patnana PK, Xie X, Frank D, Nimmagadda SC, Su M, Zhang D, Koenig T, Rosenbauer F, Liebmann M, Klotz L, Xu W, Vorwerk J, Neumann F, Hüve J, Unger A, Okun JG, Opalka B, Khandanpour C. GFI1B acts as a metabolic regulator in hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:2196-2207. [PMID: 35804097 PMCID: PMC9417998 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted the role of transcription factors in metabolic regulation during hematopoiesis and leukemia development. GFI1B is a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis, and its expression is negatively related to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We earlier reported a change in the metabolic state of hematopoietic stem cells upon Gfi1b deletion. Here we explored the role of Gfi1b in metabolism reprogramming during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. We demonstrated that Gfi1b deletion remarkably activated mitochondrial respiration and altered energy metabolism dependence toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial substrate dependency was shifted from glucose to fatty acids upon Gfi1b deletion via upregulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO). On a molecular level, Gfi1b epigenetically regulated multiple FAO-related genes. Moreover, we observed that metabolic phenotypes evolved as cells progressed from preleukemia to leukemia, and the correlation between Gfi1b expression level and metabolic phenotype was affected by genetic variations in AML cells. FAO or OXPHOS inhibition significantly impeded leukemia progression of Gfi1b-KO MLL/AF9 cells. Finally, we showed that Gfi1b-deficient AML cells were more sensitive to metformin as well as drugs implicated in OXPHOS and FAO inhibition, opening new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Liu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patnana
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daria Frank
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Minhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Thorsten Koenig
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wendan Xu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Neumann
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Muenster (FM)2, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,evorion biotechnologies GmbH, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jana Hüve
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Muenster (FM)2, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Günther Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Dietmar-Hopp-Metabolic Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck, 23538, Luebeck, Germany.
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Takashima M, Nakamura K, Kiyohara T, Wakisaka Y, Hidaka M, Takaki H, Yamanaka K, Shibahara T, Wakisaka M, Ago T, Kitazono T. Low-dose sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates ischemic brain injury in mice through pericyte protection without glucose-lowering effects. Commun Biol 2022; 5:653. [PMID: 35780235 PMCID: PMC9250510 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidiabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have attracted attention for their cardiorenal-protective properties beyond their glucose-lowering effect. However, their benefits in ischemic stroke remain controversial. Here we show the effects of luseogliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, in acute ischemic stroke, using a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model in non-diabetic mice. Pretreatment with low-dose luseogliflozin, which does not affect blood glucose levels, significantly attenuated infarct volume, blood-brain barrier disruption, and motor dysfunction after pMCAO. SGLT2 was expressed predominantly in brain pericytes and was upregulated in peri- and intra-infarct areas. Notably, luseogliflozin pretreatment reduced pericyte loss in ischemic areas. In cultured pericytes, luseogliflozin activated AMP-activated protein kinase α and increased mitochondrial transcription factor A expression and number of mitochondria, conferring resistance to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Collectively, pre-stroke inhibition of SGLT2 induces ischemic tolerance in brain pericytes independent of the glucose-lowering effect, contributing to the attenuation of ischemic brain injury. Pre-treatment of non-diabetic mice with the SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, reduces brain damage and neurological dysfunction following middle cerebral artery occlusion by acquiring ischemic tolerance in pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Takashima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kiyohara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaoki Hidaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hayato Takaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Yamanaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shibahara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masanori Wakisaka
- Wakisaka Internal Medicine Clinic, 1-24-19 Fujisaki, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0013, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Patient-derived microphysiological model identifies the therapeutic potential of metformin for thoracic aortic aneurysm. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104080. [PMID: 35636318 PMCID: PMC9156889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the permanent dilation of the thoracic aortic wall that predisposes patients to lethal events such as aortic dissection or rupture, for which effective medical therapy remains scarce. Human-relevant microphysiological models serve as a promising tool in drug screening and discovery. Methods We developed a dynamic, rhythmically stretching, three-dimensional microphysiological model. Using patient-derived human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), we tested the biological features of the model and compared them with native aortic tissues. Drug testing was performed on the individualized TAA models, and the potentially effective drug was further tested using β-aminopropionitrile-treated mice and retrospective clinical data. Findings The HAoSMCs on the model recapitulated the expressions of many TAA-related genes in tissue. Phenotypic switching and mitochondrial dysfunction, two disease hallmarks of TAA, were highlighted on the microphysiological model: the TAA-derived HAoSMCs exhibited lower alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, lower oxygen consumption rate and higher superoxide accumulation than control cells, while these differences were not evidently reflected in two-dimensional culture flasks. Model-based drug testing demonstrated that metformin partially recovered contractile phenotype and mitochondrial function in TAA patients’ cells. Mouse experiment and clinical investigations also demonstrated better preserved aortic microstructure, higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide level and lower aortic diameter with metformin treatment. Interpretation These findings support the application of this human-relevant microphysiological model in studying personalized disease characteristics and facilitating drug discovery for TAA. Metformin may regulate contractile phenotypes and metabolic dysfunctions in diseased HAoSMCs and limit aortic dilation. Funding This work was supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1005002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070482, 81771971, 81772007, 51927805, and 21734003), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20ZR1411700, 18ZR1407000, 17JC1400200, and 20YF1406900), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01), and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Innovation Program 2017-01-07-00-07-E00027). Y.S.Z. was not supported by any of these funds; instead, the Brigham Research Institute is acknowledged.
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Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102342. [PMID: 35605453 PMCID: PMC9124713 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects mitochondrial function. In this context, the rescue mechanisms of mitochondrial health, such as mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, are of crucial importance. The gold standard for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is metformin, which has a beneficial impact on the mitochondrial metabolism. In this study, we set out to describe the effect of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 diabetic patients. We performed a preliminary cross-sectional observational study complying with CONSORT requirements, for which we recruited 242 subjects, divided into 101 healthy volunteers, 93 metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients and 48 non-metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Mitochondria from the type 2 diabetic patients not treated with metformin displayed more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than those from healthy or metformin-treated subjects. Protein expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes was lower in PBMCs from type 2 diabetic patients without metformin treatment than in those from the other two groups. Mitophagy was altered in type 2 diabetic patients, evident in a decrease in the protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin in parallel to that of the mitochondrial biogenesis protein PGC1α, both of which effects were reversed by metformin. Analysis of AMPK phosphorylation revealed that its activation was decreased in the PBMCs of type 2 diabetic patients, an effect which was reversed, once again, by metformin. In addition, there was an increase in the serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 in type 2 diabetic patients and this was reversed with metformin treatment. These results demonstrate that metformin improves mitochondrial function, restores the levels of ETC complexes, and enhances AMPK activation and mitophagy, suggesting beneficial clinical implications in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin promoted electron transport chain expression on type 2 diabetic patients. Metformin restored mitophagy levels via PINK1 and PARKIN on type 2 diabetic patients. Mitochondrial biogenesis was enhanced by metformin on type 2 diabetic patients. Metformin restored AMPK activation on type 2 diabetic patients.
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Zhou H, Zhang H, Ye R, Yan C, Lin J, Huang Y, Jiang X, Yuan S, Chen L, Jiang R, Zheng K, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Dong M, Jin W. Pantothenate protects against obesity via brown adipose tissue activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E69-E79. [PMID: 35575231 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00293.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary site of adaptive thermogenesis, which is involved in energy expenditure and has received much attention in the field of obesity treatment. By screening a small-molecule compound library of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, pantothenic acid was identified as being able to significantly upregulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key thermogenic protein found in BAT. Pantothenate (PA) treatment decreased adiposity, reversed hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose homeostasis by increasing energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. PA also significantly increased BAT activity and induced beige adipocytes formation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects were mediated by UCP1 because PA treatment was unable to ameliorate obesity in UCP1 knockout mice. In conclusion, we identified PA as an effective BAT activator that can prevent obesity and may represent a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY PA treatment effectively and safely protected against obesity via the BAT-UCP1 axis. PA has therapeutic potential for treating obesity and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlong Yan
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Institutes of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Di Magno L, Di Pastena F, Bordone R, Coni S, Canettieri G. The Mechanism of Action of Biguanides: New Answers to a Complex Question. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133220. [PMID: 35804992 PMCID: PMC9265089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biguanides are a family of antidiabetic drugs with documented anticancer properties in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite intensive investigation, how they exert their therapeutic effects is still debated. Many studies support the hypothesis that biguanides inhibit mitochondrial complex I, inducing energy stress and activating compensatory responses mediated by energy sensors. However, a major concern related to this “complex” model is that the therapeutic concentrations of biguanides found in the blood and tissues are much lower than the doses required to inhibit complex I, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms. This comprehensive review illustrates the current knowledge of pharmacokinetics, receptors, sensors, intracellular alterations, and the mechanism of action of biguanides in diabetes and cancer. The conditions of usage and variables affecting the response to these drugs, the effect on the immune system and microbiota, as well as the results from the most relevant clinical trials in cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosa Bordone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (F.D.P.); (R.B.); (S.C.)
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci—Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Metabolic Action of Metformin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070810. [PMID: 35890109 PMCID: PMC9317619 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a cheap and safe biguanide derivative, due to its ability to influence metabolism, is widely used as a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the updated biochemical and molecular effects exerted by the drug. It has been well explored that metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production in both AMPK-independent and AMPK-dependent manners. Substantial scientific evidence also revealed that its action is related to decreased secretion of lipids from intestinal epithelial cells, as well as strengthened oxidation of fatty acids in adipose tissue and muscles. It was recognized that metformin’s supra-therapeutic doses suppress mitochondrial respiration in intestinal epithelial cells, whereas its therapeutic doses elevate cellular respiration in the liver. The drug is also suggested to improve systemic insulin sensitivity as a result of alteration in gut microbiota composition, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviation of low-grade inflammation.
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Zhang M, Sun Y, Ding C, Hong S, Li N, Guan Y, Zhang L, Dong X, Cao J, Yao W, Ren W, Yao S. Metformin mitigates gas explosion‑induced blast lung injuries through AMPK‑mediated energy metabolism and NOX2‑related oxidation pathway in rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:529. [PMID: 35837050 PMCID: PMC9257965 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas explosions are a recurrent event in coal mining that cause severe pulmonary damage due to shock waves, and there is currently no effective targeted treatment. To illustrate the mechanism of gas explosion-induced lung injury and to explore strategies for blast lung injury (BLI) treatment, the present study used a BLI rat model and supplementation with metformin (MET), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection. Protein expression levels were detected by western blotting. Significantly decreased expression of phosphorylated (p)-AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and metabolic activity were observed in the BLI group compared with those in the control group. However, the mitochondrial stability, metabolic activity and expression of p-AMPK and PGC1α were elevated following MET treatment. These results suggested that MET could attenuate gas explosion-induced BLI by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. Meanwhile, high expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX2) and low expression of catalase (CAT) were observed in the BLI group. The expression levels of NOX2 and CAT were restored in the BLI + MET group relative to changes in the BLI group, and the accumulation of oxidative stress was successfully reversed following MET treatment. Overall, these findings revealed that MET could alleviate BLI by activating the AMPK/PGC1α pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress caused by NOX2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhe Sun
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Ding
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Shan Hong
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology, National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Dong
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- Research Center for Precision Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Song Y, Liu Z, Zhu X, Hao C, Hao W, Wu S, Yang J, Lu X, Jin C. Metformin alleviates the cognitive impairment caused by aluminum by improving energy metabolism disorders in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115140. [PMID: 35700760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to environmental aluminum was found to be related to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Energy metabolism disorders, one of the pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, may occur in the early stage of the disease and are of potential intervention significance. Here, sub-chronic aluminum exposure mouse model was established, and metformin was used to intervene. We found that sub-chronic aluminum exposure decreased the protein levels of phosphorylation AMPK (p-AMPK), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3, taking charge of glucose uptake in the brain, reduced the levels of lactate shuttle-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and MCT2, as well as lactate content in the cerebral cortex, while increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) level to drive downstream pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression, thereby inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, and ultimately led to ATP depletion, neuronal death, and cognitive dysfunction. However, metformin could rescue these injuries. Thus, it came to a conclusion that aluminum could damage glucose uptake, interfere with astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), interrupt the balance in energy metabolism, and resulting in cognitive function, while metformin has a neuroprotective effect against the disorder of energy metabolism caused by aluminum in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Wudi Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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van Hattum JW, de Ruiter BM, Oddens JR, de Reijke TM, Wilmink JW, Molenaar RJ. The Effect of Metformin on Bladder Cancer Incidence and Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bladder Cancer 2022; 8:211-228. [PMID: 38993366 PMCID: PMC11181685 DOI: 10.3233/blc-211653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective oral treatment options for urothelial bladder cancer (BC) are lacking. Metformin, the most frequently used oral drug in type II diabetes mellitus, has putative anticancer properties and could, therefore, influence BC incidence and treatment outcomes. We systematically reviewed the current literature regarding the effect of metformin on BC incidence and oncological outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Literature was gathered through a systematic search in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. Risk of bias was determined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized trials. Hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted and pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We reviewed 13 studies, including 3,315,320 patients, considering the risk of developing BC after metformin exposure and 9 studies, including 4,006 patients, on oncological outcomes of patients with BC. Metformin did not affect BC incidence (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 -1.09) or oncological outcomes for NMIBC but did show a reduced risk of recurrence (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32 -0.84), cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 -0.78) and overall mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 -0.92) in MIBC. CONCLUSIONS The role of metformin in the prevention and treatment of BC in patients remains unclear. Although a beneficial effect of metformin on treatment outcomes of certain stages of BC may exist, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn. Prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of metformin for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jons W. van Hattum
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Max de Ruiter
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorg R. Oddens
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Reijke
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Moreno‐Cabañas A, Morales‐Palomo F, Alvarez‐Jimenez L, Ortega JF, Mora‐Rodriguez R. Effects of chronic metformin treatment on training adaptations in men and women with hyperglycemia: A prospective study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1219-1230. [PMID: 35578807 PMCID: PMC9321693 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether chronic metformin use interferes with the improvements in insulin resistance (IR) and cardiorespiratory fitness with aerobic training in people with hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 63 middle-aged (53 [7] years) individuals with MetS and obesity (BMI = 32.8 [4.5] kg/m2 ) completed 16 weeks of supervised high-intensity interval training (3 d/wk, 43 min/session). Participants were either taking metformin (EXER+MET; n = 29) or were free of any pharmacological treatment for their MetS factors (EXER; n = 34). Groups were similar in their initial cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2MAX ]), age, percentage of women, BMI, and MetS factors (z score). The effects of exercise training on IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), MetS z score, VO2MAX , maximal fat oxidation during exercise, and maximal aerobic power output were measured. RESULTS Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR decreased similarly in both groups with training (EXER+MET: -4.3% and -10.6%; EXER: -5.3% and -14.5%; p value for time = 0.005). However, metformin use reduced VO2MAX improvements by half (i.e., EXER+MET: 12.7%; EXER: 25.3%; p value for time × group = 0.012). Maximal fat oxidation during exercise increased similarly in both groups (EXER+MET: 20.7%; EXER: 25.3%; p value for time = 0.040). VO2MAX gains were not associated with HOMA-IR reductions (EXER+MET: r = -0.098; p = 0.580; EXER: r = -0.255; p = 0.182). CONCLUSIONS Metformin use was associated with attenuated VO2MAX improvements but did not affect fasting IR reductions with aerobic training in individuals with hyperglycemia and high cardiovascular risk (i.e., MetS).
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128
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Metabolic regulation by the intestinal metformin-AMPK axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2851. [PMID: 35606343 PMCID: PMC9126964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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129
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Yang J, Guo Q, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Targets for Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841523. [PMID: 35646910 PMCID: PMC9140220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious public health issues and are responsible for nearly one-third of global deaths. Mitochondrial dysfunction is accountable for the development of most CVDs. Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation and inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria can protect against these damages via the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. In recent years, mitochondria-targeted therapy for CVDs has attracted increasing attention. Various studies have confirmed that clinical drugs (β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-II blockers) against CVDs have mitochondrial protective functions. An increasing number of cardiac mitochondrial targets have shown their cardioprotective effects in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and summarize the progression of mitochondrial targets against CVDs, which may provide ideas for experimental studies and clinical trials.
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130
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Krstic J, Schindlmaier K, Prokesch A. Combination strategies to target metabolic flexibility in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:159-197. [PMID: 36283766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically interfering with metabolic pathways has great merit to curtail tumor growth because the demand for copious amounts of energy for growth-supporting biomass production is common to all cancer entities. A major impediment to a straight implementation of metabolic cancer therapy is the metabolic flexibility and plasticity of cancer cells (and their microenvironment) resulting in therapy resistance and evasion. Metabolic combination therapies, therefore, are promising as they are designed to target several energetic routes simultaneously and thereby diminish the availability of alternative substrates. Thus, dietary restrictions, specific nutrient limitations, and/or pharmacological interventions impinging on metabolic pathways can be combined to improve cancer treatment efficacy, to overcome therapy resistance, or even act as a preventive measure. Here, we review the most recent developments in metabolic combination therapies particularly highlighting in vivo reports of synergistic effects and available clinical data. We close with identifying the challenges of the field (metabolic tumor heterogeneity, immune cell interactions, inter-patient variabilities) and suggest a "metabo-typing" strategy to tailor evidence-based metabolic combination therapies to the energetic requirements of the tumors and the patient's nutritional habits and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schindlmaier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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131
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Potential Therapeutic Targets and Promising Agents for Combating NAFLD. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040901. [PMID: 35453652 PMCID: PMC9032837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a growing cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide because of the global increases in obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Contrary to the advancements in therapies for viral hepatitis, effective treatments remain unestablished for patients with NAFLD. NAFLD, including NASH, is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, hepatic necrosis, and fibrosis. Despite our understanding of its pathophysiology, there are currently no effective treatments for NAFLD. In this review, we provide an update on the known pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD and the role of hepatic stellate cells, and summarize the potential therapeutic agents, including natural products, for NAFLD.
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132
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Shoaib M, Choudhary RC, Chillale RK, Kim N, Miyara SJ, Haque S, Yin T, Frankfurt M, Molmenti EP, Zanos S, Kim J, Becker LB. Metformin-mediated mitochondrial protection post-cardiac arrest improves EEG activity and confers neuroprotection and survival benefit. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22307. [PMID: 35394702 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200121r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) produces global ischemia/reperfusion injury resulting in substantial multiorgan damage. There are limited efficacious therapies to save lives despite CA being such a lethal disease process. The small population of surviving patients suffer extensive brain damage that results in substantial morbidity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in most organs after CA has been implicated as a major source of injury. Metformin, a first-line treatment for diabetes, has shown promising results in the treatment for other diseases and is known to interact with the mitochondria. For the treatment of CA, prior studies have utilized metformin in a preconditioning manner such that animals are given metformin well before undergoing CA. As the timing of CA is quite difficult to predict, the present study, in a clinically relevant manner, sought to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of metformin administration immediately after resuscitation using a 10 min asphxyial-CA rat model. This is the first study to show that metformin treatment post-CA (a) improves 72 h survival and neurologic function, (b) protects mitochondrial function with a reduction in apoptotic brain injury without activating AMPK, and (c) potentiates earlier normalization of brain electrophysiologic activity. Overall, as an effective and safe drug, metformin has the potential to be an easily translatable intervention for improving survival and preventing brain damage after CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Rishabh C Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Rupesh K Chillale
- Neural System Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Kim
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Santiago J Miyara
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Shabirul Haque
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Maya Frankfurt
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | | | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Lance B Becker
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Molecular Medicine and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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133
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Currais A, Kepchia D, Liang Z, Maher P. The Role of AMP-activated Protein Kinase in Oxytosis/Ferroptosis: Protector or Potentiator? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022. [PMID: 35243895 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Evidence for a role for the oxytosis/ferroptosis regulated cell death pathway in aging and neurodegenerative diseases has been growing over the past few years. Because of this, there is an increasing necessity to identify endogenous signaling pathways that can be modulated to protect cells from this form of cell death. Recent Advances: Recently, several studies have identified a protective role for the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) pathway in oxytosis/ferroptosis. However, there are also a number of studies suggesting that this pathway contributes to cell death initiated by various inducers of oxytosis/ferroptosis. Critical Issues: The goals of this review are to provide an overview and analysis of the published studies and highlight specific areas where more research is needed. Future Directions: Much remains to be learned about AMPK signaling in oxytosis/ferroptosis, especially the conditions where it is protective. Furthermore, the role of AMPK signaling in the brain and especially the aging brain needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Devin Kepchia
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Yang L, Wang D, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates diabetic symptoms via activating AMPK and inhibiting mTORC1 signaling in diet-induced diabetic mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153950. [PMID: 35114453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a chalcone compound isolated from licorice, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS 8-week-old C7BL/6 mice were used to establish the T2DM animal model by feeding with high-fat-high-glucose diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The animals were treated with ISL for 3 weeks. Blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were examined, serum parameters were determined, histologic sections were prepared, activities of enzymes related to glucolipid metabolism were analyzed, and the mitochondrial function was investigated to evaluate effects of ISL on metabolism. The underlying mechanisms of ISL alleviating insulin resistance and restoring metabolic homeostasis were analyzed in HepG2 and INS-1 cells. RESULTS ISL exhibits a potent activity in relieving hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic mice. It alleviates insulin resistance and restores metabolic homeostasis without obvious adversary effects in HFD-induced diabetic mice. The metabolic benefits of ISL treatment include promoting hepatic glycogenesis, inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, reducing hepatic steatosis, and sensitizing insulin signaling. Mechanistically, ISL activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). It also suppresses mitochondrial function and reduces ATP production. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that ISL is able to significantly reduce blood glucose level and alleviate insulin resistance without obvious side effects in diabetic mice, hence uncovering a great potential of ISL as a novel drug candidate in prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Doudou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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135
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Mascaraque-Checa M, Gallego-Rentero M, Nicolás-Morala J, Portillo-Esnaola M, Cuezva JM, González S, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz Á. Metformin overcomes metabolic reprogramming-induced resistance of skin squamous cell carcinoma to photodynamic therapy. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101496. [PMID: 35405370 PMCID: PMC9048115 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer metabolic reprogramming promotes resistance to therapies. In this study, we addressed the role of the Warburg effect in the resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in skin squamous cell carcinoma (sSCC). Furthermore, we assessed the effect of metformin treatment, an antidiabetic type II drug that modulates metabolism, as adjuvant to PDT. Methods For that, we have used two human SCC cell lines: SCC13 and A431, called parental (P) and from these cell lines we have generated the corresponding PDT resistant cells (10GT). Results Here, we show that 10GT cells induced metabolic reprogramming to an enhanced aerobic glycolysis and reduced activity of oxidative phosphorylation, which could influence the response to PDT. This result was also confirmed in P and 10GT SCC13 tumors developed in mice. The treatment with metformin caused a reduction in aerobic glycolysis and an increase in oxidative phosphorylation in 10GT sSCC cells. Finally, the combination of metformin with PDT improved the cytotoxic effects on P and 10GT cells. The combined treatment induced an increase in the protoporphyrin IX production, in the reactive oxygen species generation and in the AMPK expression and produced the inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway. The greater efficacy of combined treatments was also seen in vivo, in xenografts of P and 10GT SCC13 cells. Conclusions Altogether, our results reveal that PDT resistance implies, at least partially, a metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis that is prevented by metformin treatment. Therefore, metformin may constitute an excellent adjuvant for PDT in sSCC. Cell resistant to Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is due to the metabolic reprogramming. Metformin modulates energetic metabolism in PDT-resistant cells, sensitizing to PDT. Metformin increases protoporphyrin IX and reactive oxygen species generation. Metformin+PDT is proposed as potential therapy against skin squamous cell carcinoma.
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136
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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137
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Oller J, Gabandé-Rodríguez E, Roldan-Montero R, Ruiz-Rodríguez MJ, Redondo JM, Martín-Ventura JL, Mittelbrunn M. Rewiring Vascular Metabolism Prevents Sudden Death due to Aortic Ruptures-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:462-469. [PMID: 35196876 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to determine whether boosting mitochondrial respiration prevents the development of fatal aortic ruptures triggered by atherosclerosis and hypertension. METHODS Ang-II (angiotensin-II) was infused in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice fed with a western diet to induce acute aortic aneurysms and lethal ruptures. RESULTS We found decreased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from murine and human aortic aneurysms. Boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside reduced the development of aortic aneurysms and sudden death by aortic ruptures. CONCLUSIONS Targetable vascular metabolism is a new clinical strategy to prevent fatal aortic ruptures and sudden death in patients with aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oller
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (J.O., R.R.-M. M.J.R.-R., J.M.R., J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Enrique Gabandé-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.)
| | - Raquel Roldan-Montero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (J.O., R.R.-M. M.J.R.-R., J.M.R., J.L.M.-V.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-M., J.L.M.-V.)
| | - María Jesús Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (J.O., R.R.-M. M.J.R.-R., J.M.R., J.L.M.-V.).,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.J.R.-R., J.M.R.)
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (J.O., R.R.-M. M.J.R.-R., J.M.R., J.L.M.-V.).,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (M.J.R.-R., J.M.R.)
| | - José Luís Martín-Ventura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (J.O., R.R.-M. M.J.R.-R., J.M.R., J.L.M.-V.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-M., J.L.M.-V.)
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (J.O., E.G.-R., M.M.)
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138
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Su Y, Lu S, Hou C, Ren K, Wang M, Liu X, Zhao S, Liu X. Mitigation of liver fibrosis via hepatic stellate cells mitochondrial apoptosis induced by metformin. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108683. [PMID: 35344814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix originating from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), is a common pathological response to chronic liver injury resulting from a variety of insults. However, drugs that effectively block the activation of HSCs have still not been adequately investigated. This study demonstrates that metformin decreased the number of activated-HSCs through induction of apoptosis, but did not impact numbers of hepatocytes. Metformin upregulated BAX activation with facilitation of BIM, BAD and PUMA; downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, but did not affect Mcl-1. Additionally, metformin induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, directly triggering caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. The decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and deposition of superoxide in mitochondria accelerated the destruction of the integrity of mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, we verified the therapeutic effect of metformin in our mouse model of liver fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in which hepatic function, NASH lesions and fibrosis were improved by metformin. In conclusion, this study indicated that metformin has significant therapeutic value in NASH-derived liver fibrosis by inducing apoptosis in HSCs, but does not affect the proliferation of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenjian Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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139
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Metformin, phenformin, and galegine inhibit complex IV activity and reduce glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122287119. [PMID: 35238637 PMCID: PMC8916010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the mechanism by which it lowers plasma glucose concentrations has remained elusive. Most studies to date have attributed metformin’s glucose-lowering effects to inhibition of complex I activity. Contrary to this hypothesis, we show that inhibition of complex I activity in vitro and in vivo does not reduce plasma glucose concentrations or inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. We go on to show that metformin, and the related guanides/biguanides, phenformin and galegine, inhibit complex IV activity at clinically relevant concentrations, which, in turn, results in inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, increased cytosolic redox, and selective inhibition of glycerol-derived hepatic gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Metformin exerts its plasma glucose-lowering therapeutic effect primarily through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis is still unclear. Although inhibition of mitochondrial complex I is frequently invoked as metformin’s primary mechanism of action, the metabolic effects of complex I inhibition have not been thoroughly evaluated in vivo. Here, we show that acute portal infusion of piericidin A, a potent and specific complex I inhibitor, does not reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo. In contrast, we show that metformin, phenformin, and galegine selectively inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis from glycerol. Specifically, we show that guanides/biguanides interact with complex IV to reduce its enzymatic activity, leading to indirect inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (GPD2), increased cytosolic redox, and reduced glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis. We report that inhibition of complex IV with potassium cyanide replicates the effects of the guanides/biguanides in vitro by selectively reducing glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis via increased cytosolic redox. Finally, we show that complex IV inhibition is sufficient to inhibit G3P-mediated respiration and gluconeogenesis from glycerol. Taken together, we propose a mechanism of metformin action in which complex IV–mediated inhibition of GPD2 reduces glycerol-derived hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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García-Puga M, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Matheu A, López de Munain A. Targeting Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 with Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052901. [PMID: 35270043 PMCID: PMC8910924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder of genetic origin. Progressive muscular weakness, atrophy and myotonia are its most prominent neuromuscular features, while additional clinical manifestations in multiple organs are also common. Overall, DM1 features resemble accelerated aging. There is currently no cure or specific treatment for myotonic dystrophy patients. However, in recent years a great effort has been made to identify potential new therapeutic strategies for DM1 patients. Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic drug, with potential to delay aging at cellular and organismal levels. In DM1, different studies revealed that metformin rescues multiple phenotypes of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent findings describing metformin as a novel therapy to combat DM1 and their link with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Puga
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED-CIBER), Carlos III Institute, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Saenz-Antoñanzas
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.L.d.M.); Tel.: +34-943-006-073 (A.M.); +34-943-006-294 (A.L.d.M.)
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED-CIBER), Carlos III Institute, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, OSAKIDETZA, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.L.d.M.); Tel.: +34-943-006-073 (A.M.); +34-943-006-294 (A.L.d.M.)
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Dual Effect of Combined Metformin and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Treatment on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051343. [PMID: 35267651 PMCID: PMC8909901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are metabolic drugs with multiple and incompletely understood anti-cancer effects. Their combination can cause breast cancer cell detachment from the growth surface. Mitochondria are important for detached cell survival and metastasis, but how metformin and 2DG affect cancer mitochondria is largely unknown. We found that metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose together increased mitochondrial mass in triple-negative breast cancer cells due to the enlargement of mitochondria, and did not decrease their degradation. Both the reduction in protein-attached sugars and reduced ATP production seemed to be involved in triggering the process. Metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose can reduce immune checkpoint PD-L1 levels, responsible for immune escape. We found that the reduction in protein-attached sugars caused by metformin and 2DG also reduced PD-L1 levels on breast cancer cells and its partner receptor PD-1 on activated T cells. While the activation of T cells was reduced, they mostly maintained their effector functions. Metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose could therefore potentially improve anti-cancer immunity. Abstract Metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) exhibit multiple metabolic and immunomodulatory anti-cancer effects, such as suppressed proliferation or PD-L1 expression. Their combination or 2DG alone induce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell detachment, but their effects on mitochondria, crucial for anchorage-independent growth and metastasis formation, have not yet been evaluated. In the present study, we explored the effects of metformin, 2DG and their combination (metformin + 2DG) on TNBC cell mitochondria in vitro. Metformin + 2DG increased mitochondrial mass in TNBC cells. This was associated with an increased size but not number of morphologically normal mitochondria and driven by the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis rather than suppressed mitophagy. 2DG and metformin + 2DG strongly induced the unfolded protein response by inhibiting protein N-glycosylation. Together with adequate energy stress, this was one of the possible triggers of mitochondrial enlargement. Suppressed N-glycosylation by 2DG or metformin + 2DG also caused PD-L1 deglycosylation and reduced surface expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. PD-L1 was increased in low glucose and normalized by both drugs. 2DG and metformin + 2DG reduced PD-1 expression in Jurkat cells beyond the effects on activation, while cytokine secretion was mostly preserved. Despite increasing mitochondrial mass in TNBC cells, metformin and 2DG could therefore potentially be used as an adjunct therapy to improve anti-tumor immunity in TNBC.
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Feng J, Wang X, Ye X, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Mitochondria as an important target of metformin: The mechanism of action, toxic and side effects, and new therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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D-galactose-induced aging in rats – The effect of metformin on bioenergetics of brain, skeletal muscle and liver. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yu Y, Chen W, Yu M, Liu J, Sun H, Yang P. Exercise-Generated β-Aminoisobutyric Acid (BAIBA) Reduces Cardiomyocyte Metabolic Stress and Apoptosis Caused by Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through the miR-208b/AMPK Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:803510. [PMID: 35282369 PMCID: PMC8915946 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.803510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the cardioprotective effects of exercise-derived β-aminoisobutyric (BAIBA) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and energy metabolism in a rat model of heart failure (HF). Methods In male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-week-old), myocardial infarction (MI) was used to induce HF by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. In the Sham group, the coronary artery was threaded but not ligated. After HF development, Sham and HF rats were exercised 60 min daily, 5 days/week on a treadmill for 8 weeks (50–60% maximal intensity) and exercise-induced cardiac remodeling after MI were assessed using echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's Trichrome, and TUNEL staining for the detection of apoptosis-associated factors in cardiac tissue. High-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry were used to measure BAIBA production and to explore its cardioprotective effects and molecular actions. To further characterize the cardioprotective effects of BAIBA, an in vitro model of apoptosis was generated by applying H2O2 to H9C2 cells to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, cells were transfected with either a miR-208b analog or a miR-208b inhibitor. Apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western Blotting (WB). ATP production was also assessed by luminometry. After administration of BAIBA and Compound C, the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, mitochondrial function, lipid uptake, and β-oxidative were determined. Changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, alterations in membrane potential (δψm) were obtained by confocal microscopy. Results Rats with HF after MI are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic stress and apoptosis. Reduced expression of apoptosis-related proteins was observed, together with increased ATP production and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in the exercised compared with the Sham (non-exercised) HF group. Importantly, exercise increased the production of BAIBA, irrespective of the presence of HF. To assess whether BAIBA had similar effects to exercise in ameliorating HF-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, rats were treated with 75 mg/kg/ day of BAIBA and we found BAIBA had a similar cardioprotective effect. Transcriptomic analyses found that the expression of miR-208b was increased after BAIBA administration, and subsequent transfection with an miR-208b analog ameliorated both the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and energy metabolism in H2O2-treated H9C2 cells. In combining transcriptomic with metabolomic analyses, we identified AMPK as a downstream target for BAIBA in attenuating metabolic stress in HF. Further cell experiments confirmed that BAIBA increased AMPK phosphorylation and had a cardioprotective effect on downstream fatty acid uptake, oxidative efficiency, and mitochondrial function, which was prevented by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Conclusion Exercise-generated BAIBA can reduce cardiomyocyte metabolic stress and apoptosis induced by mitochondrial dysfunction through the miR-208b/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
| | - Wewei Chen
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Sun
| | - Ping Yang
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Jilin Provincial Cardiovascular Research Center, Changchun, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, China
- Ping Yang
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Greene J, Segaran A, Lord S. Targeting OXPHOS and the electronic transport chain in cancer; molecular and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:851-859. [PMID: 35122973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) takes place in mitochondria and is the process whereby cells use carbon fuels and oxygen to generate ATP. Formerly OXPHOS was thought to be reduced in tumours and that glycolysis was the critical pathway for generation of ATP but it is now clear that OXPHOS, at least in many tumour types, plays a critical role in delivering the bioenergetic and macromolecular anabolic requirements of cancer cells. There is now great interest in targeting the OXPHOS and the electron transport chain for cancer therapy and in this review article we describe current therapeutic approaches and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashvina Segaran
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Trushina E, Trushin S, Hasan MF. Mitochondrial complex I as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:483-495. [PMID: 35256930 PMCID: PMC8897152 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly, has no cure. Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials. Novel therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed. Emerging data suggest that in response to environmental stress, mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response (ISR) shown to be beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. Here, we review data that implicate mitochondrial electron transport complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as a hub for small molecule-targeted therapeutics that could induce beneficial mitochondrial ISR. Specifically, partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has been exploited as a novel strategy for multiple human conditions, including AD, with several small molecules being tested in clinical trials. We discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this counterintuitive approach. Since this strategy has also been shown to enhance health and life span, the development of safe and efficacious complex I inhibitors could promote healthy aging, delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APP/PS1, amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CP2, tricyclic pyrone compound two
- Complex I inhibitors
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FDG-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HIF-1α, hypoxia induced factor 1 α
- Healthy aging
- ISR, integrated stress response
- Integrated stress response
- LTP, long term potentiation
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MPTP, 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondria signaling
- Mitochondria targeted therapeutics
- NAD+ and NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
- Neuroprotection
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- PMF, proton-motive force
- RNAi, RNA interference
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- T2DM, type II diabetes mellitus
- TCA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- mtUPR, mitochondrial unfolded protein response
- pTau, hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein
- ΔpH, proton gradient
- Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Liu Y, Chu G, Shen W, Zhang Y, Xu W, Yu Y. XMU-MP-1 protects heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through modulating Mst1/AMPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dahlén AD, Dashi G, Maslov I, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Trukhan V, Schiöth HB. Trends in Antidiabetic Drug Discovery: FDA Approved Drugs, New Drugs in Clinical Trials and Global Sales. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:807548. [PMID: 35126141 PMCID: PMC8807560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to be a substantial medical problem due to its increasing global prevalence and because chronic hyperglycemic states are closely linked with obesity, liver disease and several cardiovascular diseases. Since the early discovery of insulin, numerous antihyperglycemic drug therapies to treat diabetes have been approved, and also discontinued, by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To provide an up-to-date account of the current trends of antidiabetic pharmaceuticals, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the main classes of antihyperglycemic compounds and their mechanisms: insulin types, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides (glinides), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), thiazolidinediones (TZD), incretin-dependent therapies, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and combinations thereof. The number of therapeutic alternatives to treat T2DM are increasing and now there are nearly 60 drugs approved by the FDA. Beyond this there are nearly 100 additional antidiabetic agents being evaluated in clinical trials. In addition to the standard treatments of insulin therapy and metformin, there are new drug combinations, e.g., containing metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, that have gained substantial use during the last decade. Furthermore, there are several interesting alternatives, such as lobeglitazone, efpeglenatide and tirzepatide, in ongoing clinical trials. Modern drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors have gained popularity on the pharmaceutical market, while less expensive over the counter alternatives are increasing in developing economies. The large heterogeneity of T2DM is also creating a push towards more personalized and accessible treatments. We describe several interesting alternatives in ongoing clinical trials, which may help to achieve this in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D. Dahlén
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Trukhan
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
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Simha V, Lanza IR, Dasari S, Klaus KA, Le Brasseur N, Vuckovic I, Laurenti MC, Cobelli C, Port JD, Nair KS. Impaired Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:346-362. [PMID: 34614176 PMCID: PMC8764358 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), Dunnigan variety is characterized by skeletal muscle hypertrophy and insulin resistance besides fat loss from the extremities. The cause for the muscle hypertrophy and its functional consequences is not known. OBJECTIVE To compare muscle strength and endurance, besides muscle protein synthesis rate between subjects with FPL and matched controls (n = 6 in each group). In addition, we studied skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and gene expression pattern to help understand the mechanisms for the observed differences. METHODS Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, insulin sensitivity by minimal modelling, assessment of peak muscle strength and fatigue, skeletal muscle biopsy and calculation of muscle protein synthesis rate, mitochondrial respirometry, skeletal muscle transcriptome, proteome, and gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Despite increased muscularity, FPL subjects did not demonstrate increased muscle strength but had earlier fatigue on chest press exercise. Decreased mitochondrial state 3 respiration in the presence of fatty acid substrate was noted, concurrent to elevated muscle lactate and decreased long-chain acylcarnitine. Based on gene transcriptome, there was significant downregulation of many critical metabolic pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Moreover, the overall pattern of gene expression was indicative of accelerated aging in FPL subjects. A lower muscle protein synthesis and downregulation of gene transcripts involved in muscle protein catabolism was observed. CONCLUSION Increased muscularity in FPL is not due to increased muscle protein synthesis and is likely due to reduced muscle protein degradation. Impaired mitochondrial function and altered gene expression likely explain the metabolic abnormalities and skeletal muscle dysfunction in FPL subjects.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Adult
- Aged
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/genetics
- Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/metabolism
- Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/pathology
- Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle Strength/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Physical Endurance/physiology
- Proteolysis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Simha
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Nathan Le Brasseur
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - John D Port
- Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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PGC-1α inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome via preserving mitochondrial viability to protect kidney fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35013155 PMCID: PMC8748677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by mitochondrial damage and contributes to kidney fibrosis. However, it is unknown whether PGC-1α, a key mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, modulates NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney injury. Primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice. The NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, oxidative stress, and cell injury markers were examined in RTECs treated by TGF-β1 with or without Ppargc1a plasmid, PGC-1α activator (metformin), and siPGC-1α. In vivo, adenine-fed and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were treated with metformin. In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment to RTECs suppressed the expressions of PGC-1α and mitochondrial dynamic-related genes. The NLRP3 inflammasome was also activated and the expression of fibrotic and cell injury markers was increased. PGC-1α induction with the plasmid and metformin improved mitochondrial dynamics and morphology and attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome and cell injury. The opposite changes were observed by siPGC-1α. The oxidative stress levels, which are inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome, were increased and the expression of TNFAIP3, a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by PGC-1α, was decreased by TGF-β1 and siPGC-1α. However, PGC-1α restoration reversed these alterations. In vivo, adenine-fed and UUO mice models showed suppression of PGC-1α and TNFAIP3 and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, the activation of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome, and kidney fibrosis were increased in these mice. However, these changes were significantly reversed by metformin. This study demonstrated that kidney injury was ameliorated by PGC-1α-induced inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via modulation of mitochondrial viability and dynamics.
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