101
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The angiocrine Rspondin3 instructs interstitial macrophage transition via metabolic-epigenetic reprogramming and resolves inflammatory injury. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1430-1443. [PMID: 32839607 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages demonstrate remarkable plasticity that is essential for host defense and tissue repair. The tissue niche imprints macrophage identity, phenotype and function. The role of vascular endothelial signals in tailoring the phenotype and function of tissue macrophages remains unknown. The lung is a highly vascularized organ and replete with a large population of resident macrophages. We found that, in response to inflammatory injury, lung endothelial cells release the Wnt signaling modulator Rspondin3, which activates β-catenin signaling in lung interstitial macrophages and increases mitochondrial respiration by glutaminolysis. The generated tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate, in turn, serves as the cofactor for the epigenetic regulator TET2 to catalyze DNA hydroxymethylation. Notably, endothelial-specific deletion of Rspondin3 prevented the formation of anti-inflammatory interstitial macrophages in endotoxemic mice and induced unchecked severe inflammatory injury. Thus, the angiocrine-metabolic-epigenetic signaling axis specified by the endothelium is essential for reprogramming interstitial macrophages and dampening inflammatory injury.
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102
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Fischhuber K, Matzinger M, Heiss EH. AMPK Enhances Transcription of Selected Nrf2 Target Genes via Negative Regulation of Bach1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:628. [PMID: 32760724 PMCID: PMC7372114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are main players in the cellular adaptive response to metabolic and oxidative/xenobiotic stress, respectively. AMPK does not only balance the rate of fuel catabolism versus anabolism but also emerges as regulator of gene expression. We here examined the influence of AMPK on Nrf2-dependent gene transcription and the potential interplay of the two cellular stress hubs. Using gene expression analyses in wt and AMPKα1 -/- or Nrf2 -/- mouse embryonal fibroblasts, we could show that AMPK only affected a portion of the entire of Nrf2-dependent transcriptome upon exposure to the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (Sfn). Focusing on selected genes with positive regulation by Nrf2 and either positive or no further regulation by AMPK, we revealed that altered Nrf2 levels could not account for the distinct extent of transactivation of certain Nrf2 targets in wt and AMPK -/- cells (assessed by immunoblot). FAIRE-qPCR largely excluded distinct chromatin accessibility of selected Nrf2-responsive antioxidant response elements (ARE) within the regulatory gene regions in wt and AMPK-/- cells. However, expression analyses and ChIP-qPCR showed that in AMPK-/- cells, levels of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), a competitor of Nrf2 for ARE sites with predominant repressor function, were higher, and Bach1 also bound to a greater relative extent to the examined ARE sites when compared to Nrf2. The negative influence of AMPK on Bach1 was confirmed by pharmacological and genetic approaches and occurred at the level of mRNA synthesis. Overall, the observed AMPK-mediated boost in transactivation of a subset of Nrf2 target genes involves downregulation of Bach1 and subsequent favored binding of activating Nrf2 over repressing Bach1 to the examined ARE sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Matzinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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103
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Xing M, Wang N, Zeng H, Zhang J. α-ketoglutarate promotes the specialization of primordial germ cell-like cells through regulating epigenetic reprogramming. J Biomed Res 2020; 35:36-46. [PMID: 32994387 PMCID: PMC7874270 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20190160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cellular metabolism can directly participate in epigenetic dynamics and consequently modulate gene expression. However, the role of metabolites in activating the key gene regulatory network for specialization of germ cell lineage remains largely unknown. Here, we identified some cellular metabolites with significant changes by untargeted metabolomics between mouse epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs). More importantly, we found that inhibition of glutaminolysis by bis-2- (5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) impeded PGCLC specialization, but the impediment could be rescued by addition of α-ketoglutarate (αKG), the intermediate metabolite of oxidative phosphorylation and glutaminolysis. Moreover, adding αKG alone to the PGCLC medium accelerated the PGCLC specialization through promoting H3K27me3 demethylation. Thus, our study reveals the importance of metabolite αKG in the germ cell fate determination and highlights the essential role of cellular metabolism in shaping the cell identities through epigenetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hanyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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104
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Chen YT, Hu Y, Yang QY, Son JS, Liu XD, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Excessive Glucocorticoids During Pregnancy Impair Fetal Brown Fat Development and Predispose Offspring to Metabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes 2020; 69:1662-1674. [PMID: 32409491 PMCID: PMC7372078 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy exposes fetuses to hyperglucocorticoids, which increases the risk of metabolic dysfunctions in offspring. Despite being a key tissue for maintaining metabolic health, the impacts of maternal excessive glucocorticoids (GC) on fetal brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and its long-term thermogenesis and energy expenditure remain unexamined. For testing, pregnant mice were administered dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, in the last trimester of gestation, when BAT development is the most active. DEX offspring had glucose, insulin resistance, and adiposity and also displayed cold sensitivity following cold exposure. In BAT of DEX offspring, Ppargc1a expression was suppressed, together with reduced mitochondrial density, and the brown progenitor cells sorted from offspring BAT demonstrated attenuated brown adipogenic capacity. Increased DNA methylation in Ppargc1a promoter had a fetal origin; elevated DNA methylation was also detected in neonatal BAT and brown progenitors. Mechanistically, fetal GC exposure increased GC receptor/DNMT3b complex in binding to the Ppargc1a promoter, potentially driving its de novo DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing, which impaired fetal BAT development. In summary, maternal GC exposure during pregnancy increases DNA methylation in the Ppargc1a promoter, which epigenetically impairs BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure, predisposing offspring to metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Yun Hu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Qi-Yuan Yang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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105
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Tian Q, Liu X, Du M. Alpha-ketoglutarate for adipose tissue rejuvenation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13845-13846. [PMID: 32756003 PMCID: PMC7425480 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Tian
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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106
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Legendre F, MacLean A, Appanna VP, Appanna VD. Biochemical pathways to α-ketoglutarate, a multi-faceted metabolite. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:123. [PMID: 32686016 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) also known as 2-oxoglutarate is an essential metabolite in virtually all organisms as it participates in a variety of biological processes including anti-oxidative defence, energy production, signalling modules, and genetic modification. This keto-acid also possesses immense commercial value as it is utilized as a nutritional supplement, a therapeutic agent, and a precursor to a variety of value-added products such as ethylene and heterocyclic compounds. Hence, the generation of KG in a sustainable and environmentally-neutral manner is a major ongoing research endeavour. In this mini-review, the enzymatic systems and the metabolic networks mediating the synthesis of AKG will be described. The importance of such enzymes as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and transaminases that directly contribute to the formation of KG will be emphasized. The efficacy of microbial systems in providing an effective platform to generate this moiety and the molecular strategies involving genetic manipulation, abiotic stress and nutrient supplementation that result in the optimal production of AKG will be evaluated. Microbial systems and their components acting via the metabolic networks and the resident enzymes are well poised to provide effective biotechnological tools that can supply renewable AKG globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Legendre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A MacLean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - V P Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - V D Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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107
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Campit SE, Meliki A, Youngson NA, Chandrasekaran S. Nutrient Sensing by Histone Marks: Reading the Metabolic Histone Code Using Tracing, Omics, and Modeling. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000083. [PMID: 32638413 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several metabolites serve as substrates for histone modifications and communicate changes in the metabolic environment to the epigenome. Technologies such as metabolomics and proteomics have allowed us to reconstruct the interactions between metabolic pathways and histones. These technologies have shed light on how nutrient availability can have a dramatic effect on various histone modifications. This metabolism-epigenome cross talk plays a fundamental role in development, immune function, and diseases like cancer. Yet, major challenges remain in understanding the interactions between cellular metabolism and the epigenome. How the levels and fluxes of various metabolites impact epigenetic marks is still unclear. Discussed herein are recent applications and the potential of systems biology methods such as flux tracing and metabolic modeling to address these challenges and to uncover new metabolic-epigenetic interactions. These systems approaches can ultimately help elucidate how nutrients shape the epigenome of microbes and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Campit
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alia Meliki
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil A Youngson
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, SE5 9NT, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.,School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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108
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Surkan PJ, Hong X, Zhang B, Nawa N, Ji H, Tang WY, Ji Y, Kimmel MC, Wang G, Pearson C, Wang X. Can social support during pregnancy affect maternal DNA methylation? Findings from a cohort of African-Americans. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:131-138. [PMID: 31349361 PMCID: PMC6982603 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While stress and the absence of social support during pregnancy have been linked to poor health outcomes, the underlying biological mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We examined whether adverse experiences during pregnancy alter DNA methylation (DNAm) in maternal epigenomes. Analyses included 250 African-American mothers from the Boston Birth Cohort. Genome-wide DNAm profiling was performed in maternal blood collected after delivery, using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip. Linear regression models, with adjustment of pertinent covariates, were applied. RESULTS While self-reported maternal psychosocial lifetime stress and stress during pregnancy was not associated with DNAm alterations, we found that absence of support from the baby's father was significantly associated with maternal DNAm changes in TOR3A, IQCB1, C7orf36, and MYH7B and that lack of support from family and friends was associated with maternal DNA hypermethylation on multiple genes, including PRDM16 and BANKL. CONCLUSIONS This study provides intriguing results suggesting biological embedding of social support during pregnancy on maternal DNAm, warranting additional investigation, and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Corresponding author: Pamela J. Surkan, Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St., Room E5523, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205-2179. . Phone: 410-502-7396. Fax: 410-502-6733
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary C. Kimmel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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109
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Yan JB, Lai CC, Jhu JW, Gongol B, Marin TL, Lin SC, Chiu HY, Yen CJ, Wang LY, Peng IC. Insulin and Metformin Control Cell Proliferation by Regulating TDG-Mediated DNA Demethylation in Liver and Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:282-294. [PMID: 32728616 PMCID: PMC7378318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent comorbidity of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia secondary to T2DM promotes cancer progression, whereas antidiabetic agents, such as metformin, have anticancer effects. However, the detailed mechanism for insulin and metformin-regulated cancer cell proliferation remains unclear. This study identified a mechanism by which insulin upregulated the expression of c-Myc, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which are important regulators of lipogenesis and cell proliferation. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), a DNA demethylase, was transactivated by c-Myc upon insulin treatment, thereby decreasing 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) abundance in the SREBP1 promoter. On the other hand, metformin-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) activity to increase 5-methylcytosine (5mC) abundance in the TDG promoter. This resulted in decreased TDG expression and enhanced 5caC abundance in the SREBP1 promoter. These findings demonstrate that c-Myc activates, whereas AMPK inhibits, TDG-mediated DNA demethylation of the SREBP1 promoter in insulin-promoted and metformin-suppressed cancer progression, respectively. This study indicates that TDG is an epigenetic-based therapeutic target for cancers associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wei Jhu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Brendan Gongol
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Traci L Marin
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, CA 92395, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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110
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Metformin: Sentinel of the Epigenetic Landscapes That Underlie Cell Fate and Identity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050780. [PMID: 32443566 PMCID: PMC7277648 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biguanide metformin is the first drug to be tested as a gerotherapeutic in the clinical trial TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin). The current consensus is that metformin exerts indirect pleiotropy on core metabolic hallmarks of aging, such as the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian Target Of Rapamycin signaling pathways, downstream of its primary inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Alternatively, but not mutually exclusive, metformin can exert regulatory effects on components of the biologic machinery of aging itself such as chromatin-modifying enzymes. An integrative metabolo-epigenetic outlook supports a new model whereby metformin operates as a guardian of cell identity, capable of retarding cellular aging by preventing the loss of the information-theoretic nature of the epigenome. The ultimate anti-aging mechanism of metformin might involve the global preservation of the epigenome architecture, thereby ensuring cell fate commitment and phenotypic outcomes despite the challenging effects of aging noise. Metformin might therefore inspire the development of new gerotherapeutics capable of preserving the epigenome architecture for cell identity. Such gerotherapeutics should replicate the ability of metformin to halt the erosion of the epigenetic landscape, mitigate the loss of cell fate commitment, delay stochastic/environmental DNA methylation drifts, and alleviate cellular senescence. Yet, it remains a challenge to confirm if regulatory changes in higher-order genomic organizers can connect the capacity of metformin to dynamically regulate the three-dimensional nature of epigenetic landscapes with the 4th dimension, the aging time.
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111
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Godoy-Parejo C, Deng C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen G. Roles of vitamins in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1771-1791. [PMID: 31676963 PMCID: PMC11104807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can differentiate to diverse cell types in our body, and they hold great promises in both basic research and clinical therapies. For specific stem cell types, distinctive nutritional and signaling components are required to maintain the proliferation capacity and differentiation potential in cell culture. Various vitamins play essential roles in stem cell culture to modulate cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Besides their common nutritional functions, specific vitamins are recently shown to modulate signal transduction and epigenetics. In this article, we will first review classical vitamin functions in both somatic and stem cell cultures. We will then focus on how stem cells could be modulated by vitamins beyond their nutritional roles. We believe that a better understanding of vitamin functions will significantly benefit stem cell research, and help realize their potentials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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112
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Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, Lawrence L, Mundkur L. Garcinia indica extract standardized for 20% Garcinol reduces adipogenesis and high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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113
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Son JS, Zhao L, Chen Y, Chen K, Chae SA, de Avila JM, Wang H, Zhu MJ, Jiang Z, Du M. Maternal exercise via exerkine apelin enhances brown adipogenesis and prevents metabolic dysfunction in offspring mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0359. [PMID: 32494609 PMCID: PMC7164955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity rate is rapidly increasing, which has been attributed to lack of exercise and excessive energy intake. Here, we found a previously unidentified explanation, due to lack of maternal exercise. In this study, healthy maternal mice were assigned either to a sedentary lifestyle or to exercise daily, and fetal brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and offspring metabolic health were analyzed. Compared to the sedentary group, maternal exercise enhanced DNA demethylation of Prdm16 promoter and BAT development and prevented obesity of offspring when challenged with a high-energy diet. Apelin, an exerkine, was elevated in both maternal and fetal circulations due to exercise, and maternal administration of apelin mimicked the beneficial effects of exercise on fetal BAT development and offspring metabolic health. Together, maternal exercise enhances thermogenesis and the metabolic health of offspring mice, suggesting that the sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy contributes to the obesity epidemic in modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ke Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Jeanene M. de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Corresponding author.
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114
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Kang HS, Lee JH, Oh KJ, Lee EW, Han BS, Park KY, Suh JM, Min JK, Chi SW, Lee SC, Bae KH, Kim WK. IDH1-dependent α-KG regulates brown fat differentiation and function by modulating histone methylation. Metabolism 2020; 105:154173. [PMID: 32035087 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipocytes play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis by uncoupling protein 1-mediated non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent studies suggest that brown adipocytes as novel therapeutic targets for combating obesity and associated diseases, such as type II diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying brown adipocyte differentiation and function are not fully understood. METHODS We employed previous findings obtained through proteomic studies performed to assess proteins displaying altered levels during brown adipocyte differentiation. Here, we performed assays to determine the functional significance of their altered levels during brown adipogenesis and development. RESULTS We identified isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) as upregulated during brown adipocyte differentiation, with subsequent investigations revealing that ectopic expression of IDH1 inhibited brown adipogenesis, whereas suppression of IDH1 levels promoted differentiation of brown adipocytes. Additionally, Idh1 overexpression resulted in increased levels of intracellular α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibited the expression of genes involved in brown adipogenesis. Exogenous treatment with α-KG reduced brown adipogenesis during the early phase of differentiation, and ChIP analysis revealed that IDH1-mediated α-KG reduced trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 in the promoters of genes associated with brown adipogenesis. Furthermore, administration of α-KG decreased adipogenic gene expression by modulating histone methylation in brown adipose tissues of mice. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the IDH1-α-KG axis plays an important role in regulating brown adipocyte differentiation and might represent a therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sup Kang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Mukherjee S, Haubner J, Chakraborty A. Targeting the Inositol Pyrophosphate Biosynthetic Enzymes in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061403. [PMID: 32204420 PMCID: PMC7144392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) synthesizes the inositol pyrophosphate 5-IP7 from IP6. Genetic deletion of Ip6k1 protects mice from high fat diet induced obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. IP6K1 generated 5-IP7 promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, whereas it reduces insulin signaling in metabolic tissues by inhibiting the protein kinase Akt. Thus, IP6K1 promotes high fat diet induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice while its deletion has the opposite effects. IP6K1 also promotes fat accumulation in the adipose tissue by inhibiting the protein kinase AMPK mediated energy expenditure. Genetic deletion of Ip6k3 protects mice from age induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the pan IP6K inhibitor TNP [N2-(m-trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine] ameliorates obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in diet induced obese mice by improving Akt and AMPK mediated insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. TNP also protects mice from bone loss, myocardial infarction and ischemia reperfusion injury. Thus, the IP6K pathway is a potential target in obesity and other metabolic diseases. Here, we summarize the studies that established IP6Ks as a potential target in metabolic diseases. Further studies will reveal whether inhibition of this pathway has similar pleiotropic benefits on metabolic health of humans.
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116
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Yuan Y, Xu P, Jiang Q, Cai X, Wang T, Peng W, Sun J, Zhu C, Zhang C, Yue D, He Z, Yang J, Zeng Y, Du M, Zhang F, Ibrahimi L, Schaul S, Jiang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Wang Q, Liu L, Wang S, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Xi Q, Yin C, Li F, Xu G, Zhang Y, Shu G. Exercise-induced α-ketoglutaric acid stimulates muscle hypertrophy and fat loss through OXGR1-dependent adrenal activation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103304. [PMID: 32104923 PMCID: PMC7110140 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of resistance exercise on metabolic health and particularly muscle hypertrophy and fat loss are well established, but the underlying chemical and physiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identified a myometabolite‐mediated metabolic pathway that is essential for the beneficial metabolic effects of resistance exercise in mice. We showed that substantial accumulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α‐ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a metabolic signature of resistance exercise performance. Interestingly, human plasma AKG level is also negatively correlated with BMI. Pharmacological elevation of circulating AKG induces muscle hypertrophy, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis in vivo. We further found that AKG stimulates the adrenal release of adrenaline through 2‐oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1) expressed in adrenal glands. Finally, by using both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function mouse models, we showed that OXGR1 is essential for AKG‐mediated exercise‐induced beneficial metabolic effects. These findings reveal an unappreciated mechanism for the salutary effects of resistance exercise, using AKG as a systemically derived molecule for adrenal stimulation of muscle hypertrophy and fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingcai Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yue
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Du
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guli Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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DNA Methylation Changes are Associated with the Programming of White Adipose Tissue Browning Features by Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Neonatal Supplementations in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020461. [PMID: 32059412 PMCID: PMC7071331 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal supplementation with resveratrol (RSV) or nicotinamide riboside (NR) programs in male mice brown adipocyte-like features in white adipose tissue (WAT browning) together with improved metabolism in adulthood. We tested the involvement in this programming of long-term epigenetic changes in two browning-related genes that are overexpressed in WAT of supplemented mice, Slc27a1 and Prdm16. Suckling mice received orally the vehicle, RSV or NR from postnatal days 2-to-20. After weaning (d21) onto a chow diet, male mice were habituated to a normal-fat diet (NFD) starting d75, and split on d90 into continuation on the NFD or switching to a high-fat diet (HFD) until euthanization on d164. CpG methylation by bisulfite-sequencing was analyzed on inguinal WAT. Both treatments modified methylation marks in Slc27a1 and Prdm16 and the HFD-dependent dynamics of these marks in the adult WAT, with distinct and common effects. The treatments also affected gene expression of de novo DNA methylases in WAT of young animals (euthanized at d35 in independent experiments). Studies in 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated the direct effects of RSV and NR on the DNA methylation machinery and favoring browning features. The results support epigenetic effects being involved in WAT programming by neonatal RSV or NR supplementation in male mice.
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118
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Kim K, Nam KH, Yi SA, Park JW, Han JW, Lee J. Ginsenoside Rg3 Induces Browning of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Activating AMPK Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020427. [PMID: 32046061 PMCID: PMC7071202 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, one of the major components in Panax ginseng, has been reported to possess several therapeutic effects including anti-obesity properties. However, its effect on the browning of mature white adipocytes as well as the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we suggested a novel role of Rg3 in the browning of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by upregulating browning-related gene expression. The browning effects of Rg3 on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated by analyzing browning-related markers using quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. In addition, the size and sum area of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured using Oil-Red-O staining. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Rg3 dose-dependently induced the expression of browning-related genes such as Ucp1, Prdm16, Pgc1α, Cidea, and Dio2. Moreover, Rg3 induced the expression of beige fat-specific genes (CD137 and TMEM26) and lipid metabolism-associated genes (FASN, SREBP1, and MCAD), which indicated the activation of lipid metabolism by Rg3. We also demonstrated that activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is required for Rg3-mediated up-regulation of browning gene expression. Moreover, Rg3 inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and reduced the droplet size in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, this study identifies a novel role of Rg3 in browning of white adipocytes, as well as suggesting a potential mechanism of an anti-obesity effect of Panax ginseng.
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119
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Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Chiou JT, Huang CH, Lee YC, Wang LJ, Shi YJ, Chen YJ, Chang LS. Compound C induces autophagy and apoptosis in parental and hydroquinone-selected malignant leukemia cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK/AMPK/TET2/FOXP3 axis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:315-331. [PMID: 31900833 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolic product of benzene, causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) elicited by benzene exposure. Past studies found that continuous exposure of human AML U937 cells to HQ selectively produces malignant U937/HQ cells in which FOXP3 upregulation modulates malignant progression. Other studies revealed that AMPK promotes TET2 activity on DNA demethylation and that TET2 activity is crucial for upregulating FOXP3 expression. This study was conducted to elucidate whether compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, blocked the AMPK-TET2-FOXP3 axis in AML and in HQ-selected malignant cells. We found higher levels of AMPKα, TET2, and FOXP3 expression in U937/HQ cells compared to U937 cells. Treatment of parental Original Article and HQ-selected malignant U937 cells with compound C induced ROS-mediated p38 MAPK activation, leading to a suppression of AMPKα, TET2, and FOXP3 expression. Moreover, compound C induced apoptosis and mTOR-independent autophagy. The suppression of the autophagic flux inhibited the apoptosis of compound C-treated U937 and U937/HQ cells, whereas co-treatment with rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, sensitized the two cell lines to compound C cytotoxicity. Overexpression of AMPKα1 or pretreatment with autophagic inhibitors abrogated compound C-induced autophagy and suppression of TET2 and FOXP3 expression. Restoration of AMPKα1 or FOXP3 expression increased cell survival after treatment with compound C. In conclusion, our results show that compound C suppresses AMPK/TET2 axis-mediated FOXP3 expression and induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in parental and HQ-selected malignant U937 cells, suggesting that the AMPK/TET2/FOXP3 axis is a promising target for improving AML therapy and attenuating benzene exposure-induced AML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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121
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Maniyadath B, Sandra US, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Metabolic choreography of gene expression: nutrient transactions with the epigenome. J Biosci 2020; 45:7. [PMID: 31965985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic complexity and thus their ability to respond to diverse cues are largely driven by varying expression of gene products, qualitatively and quantitatively. Protein adducts in the form of post-translational modifications, most of which are derived from metabolic intermediates, allow fine tuning of gene expression at multiple levels. With the advent of high-throughput and high-resolution mapping technologies there has been an explosion in terms of the kind of modifications on chromatin and other factors that govern gene expression. Moreover, even the classical notion of acetylation and methylation dependent regulation of transcription is now known to be intrinsically coupled to biochemical pathways, which were otherwise regarded as 'mundane'. Here we have not only reviewed some of the recent literature but also have highlighted the dependence of gene regulatory mechanisms on metabolic inputs, both direct and indirect. We have also tried to bring forth some of the open questions, and how our understanding of gene expression has changed dramatically over the last few years, which has largely become metabolism centric. Finally, metabolic regulation of epigenome and gene expression has gained much traction due to the increased incidence of lifestyle and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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122
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Tian Q, Zhao J, Yang Q, Wang B, Deavila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate promotes beige adipogenesis and prevents obesity in middle-aged mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13059. [PMID: 31691468 PMCID: PMC6974731 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging usually involves the progressive development of certain illnesses, including diabetes and obesity. Due to incapacity to form new white adipocytes, adipose expansion in aged mice primarily depends on adipocyte hypertrophy, which induces metabolic dysfunction. On the other hand, brown adipose tissue burns fatty acids, preventing ectopic lipid accumulation and metabolic diseases. However, the capacity of brown/beige adipogenesis declines inevitably during the aging process. Previously, we reported that DNA demethylation in the Prdm16 promoter is required for beige adipogenesis. DNA methylation is mediated by ten–eleven family proteins (TET) using alpha‐ketoglutarate (AKG) as a cofactor. Here, we demonstrated that the circulatory AKG concentration was reduced in middle‐aged mice (10‐month‐old) compared with young mice (2‐month‐old). Through AKG administration replenishing the AKG pool, aged mice were associated with the lower body weight gain and fat mass, and improved glucose tolerance after challenged with high‐fat diet (HFD). These metabolic changes are accompanied by increased expression of brown adipose genes and proteins in inguinal adipose tissue. Cold‐induced brown/beige adipogenesis was impeded in HFD mice, whereas AKG rescued the impairment of beige adipocyte functionality in middle‐aged mice. Besides, AKG administration up‐regulated Prdm16 expression, which was correlated with an increase of DNA demethylation in the Prdm16 promoter. In summary, AKG supplementation promotes beige adipogenesis and alleviates HFD‐induced obesity in middle‐aged mice, which is associated with enhanced DNA demethylation of the Prdm16 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Tian
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Junxing Zhao
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Jeanene M. Deavila
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
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Jiang Y, Hu T, Wang T, Shi X, Kitano A, Eagle K, Hoegenauer KA, Konopleva MY, Lin CY, Young NL, Nakada D. AMP-activated protein kinase links acetyl-CoA homeostasis to BRD4 recruitment in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2019; 134:2183-2194. [PMID: 31697807 PMCID: PMC6908829 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism fuels 2 hallmark properties of cancer cells: unlimited proliferation and differentiation blockade. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of bioenergetics crucial for glucose metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and its inhibition delays leukemogenesis, but whether the metabolic function of AMPK alters the AML epigenome remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AMPK maintains the epigenome of MLL-rearranged AML by linking acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) homeostasis to Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) protein recruitment to chromatin. AMPK deletion reduced acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation, displacing BET proteins from chromatin in leukemia-initiating cells. In both mouse and patient-derived xenograft AML models, treating with AMPK and BET inhibitors synergistically suppressed AML. Our results provide a therapeutic rationale to target AMPK and BET for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Y Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Program in Developmental Biology
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
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Gomez-Hernandez A, Lopez-Pastor AR, Rubio-Longas C, Majewski P, Beneit N, Viana-Huete V, García-Gómez G, Fernandez S, Hribal ML, Sesti G, Escribano O, Benito M. Specific knockout of p85α in brown adipose tissue induces resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity and its metabolic complications in male mice. Mol Metab 2019; 31:1-13. [PMID: 31918912 PMCID: PMC6977168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An increase in mass and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) functionality leads to an increase in energy expenditure, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Moreover, distinct class I PI3K isoforms can participate in metabolic control as well as in systemic dysfunctions associated with obesity. In this regard, we analyzed in vivo whether the lack of p85α in BAT (BATp85αKO) could modulate the activity and insulin signaling of this tissue, thereby improving diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Methods We generated BATp85αKO mice using Cre-LoxP technology, specifically deleting p85α in a conditional manner. To characterize this new mouse model, we used mice of 6 and 12 months of age. In addition, BATp85αKO mice were submitted to a high-fat diet (HFD) to challenge BAT functionality. Results Our results suggest that the loss of p85α in BAT improves its thermogenic functionality, high-fat diet–induced adiposity and body weight, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. The potential mechanisms involved in the improvement of obesity include (1) increased insulin signaling and lower activation of JNK in BAT, (2) enhanced insulin receptor isoform B (IRB) expression and association with IRS-1 in BAT, (3) lower production of proinflammatory cytokines by the adipose organ, (4) increased iWAT browning, and (5) improved liver steatosis. Conclusions Our results provide new mechanisms involved in the resistance to obesity development, supporting the hypothesis that the gain of BAT activity induced by the lack of p85α has a direct impact on the prevention of diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications. The lack of p85α in brown adipose tissue confers obesity resistance. BATp85αKO mice show improved thermogenic function, fatty liver and insulin resistance. High IRB levels in BAT and iWAT browning might explain the improvement of obesity. Increase in BAT functionality has a direct impact on the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gomez-Hernandez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Andrea R Lopez-Pastor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlota Rubio-Longas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrik Majewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Viana-Huete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema García-Gómez
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Silvia Fernandez
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Oscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Manuel Benito
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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125
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Lizcano F. The Beige Adipocyte as a Therapy for Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205058. [PMID: 31614705 PMCID: PMC6834159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is traditionally categorized into white and brown relating to their function and morphology. The classical white adipose tissue builds up energy in the form of triglycerides and is useful for preventing fatigue during periods of low caloric intake and the brown adipose tissue more energetically active, with a greater number of mitochondria and energy production in the form of heat. Since adult humans possess significant amounts of active brown fat depots and its mass inversely correlates with adiposity, brown fat might play an important role in human obesity and energy homeostasis. New evidence suggests two types of thermogenic adipocytes with distinct developmental and anatomical features: classical brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes. Beige adipocyte has recently attracted special interest because of its ability to dissipate energy and the possible ability to differentiate themselves from white adipocytes. The presence of brown and beige adipocyte in human adults has acquired attention as a possible therapeutic intervention for metabolic diseases. Importantly, adult human brown appears to be mainly composed of beige-like adipocytes, making this cell type an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. Because many epigenetics changes can affect beige adipocyte differentiation from adipose progenitor cells, the knowledge of the circumstances that affect the development of beige adipocyte cells may be important to new pathways in the treatment of metabolic diseases. New molecules have emerged as possible therapeutic targets, which through the impulse to develop beige adipocytes can be useful for clinical studies. In this review will discuss some recent observations arising from the unique physiological capacity of these cells and their possible role as ways to treat obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation, (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia.
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126
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Wang H, Chen Y, Mao X, Du M. Maternal obesity impairs fetal mitochondriogenesis and brown adipose tissue development partially via upregulation of miR-204-5p. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2706-2715. [PMID: 31351130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to metabolic disorders, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Recent studies emphasize the importance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in maintaining metabolic health, and MO was recently demonstrated to impair BAT thermogenic function in offspring. The current study aimed to investigate the mechanisms leading to the impairment in fetal BAT development due to MO. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet or a 60% high-fat diet for 10 weeks, mated and maintained on their respective diets during pregnancy. Fetal tissue was collected at E18.5, the late stage of pregnancy. Fetal BAT contained more triglycerides compared to the control, which was correlated with higher expression of white adipogenic markers. On the other hand, the expression of BAT markers was down-regulated in the MO fetal BAT. Based on RNA-sequencing analyses, genes related to mitochondriogenesis and myogenesis were found to be down-regulated, while those related to white adipocyte differentiation were up-regulated in MO fetal BAT. Because brown adipocytes are derived from myogenic progenitors, the down-regulation of myogenic genes might partially explain hampered brown adipogenesis in MO fetal BAT. Consistently, mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial biogenesis markers were also down-regulated in MO fetal BAT. MicroRNA-sequencing identified that miR-204-5p expression was elevated in MO fetal BAT. This microRNA targeted the 3'-untranslated regions of PGC1α and Sirt1 mRNA to suppress their expression and impair mitochondriogenesis. In summary, MO impaired fetal BAT development through suppressing myogenesis and brown adipogenesis while enhancing white adipogenic commitment, and inhibited mitochondriogenesis partially through enhancing miR-204-5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Vardhana SA, Arnold PK, Rosen BP, Chen Y, Carey BW, Huangfu D, Carmona-Fontaine C, Thompson CB, Finley LW. Glutamine independence is a selectable feature of pluripotent stem cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:676-687. [PMID: 31511848 PMCID: PMC6737941 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most rapidly proliferating mammalian cells rely on the oxidation of exogenous glutamine to support cell proliferation. We previously found that culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the presence of inhibitors against MEK and GSK3β to maintain pluripotency reduces cellular reliance on glutamine for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis, enabling ESCs to proliferate in the absence of exogenous glutamine. Here we show that reduced dependence on exogenous glutamine is a generalizable feature of pluripotent stem cells. Enhancing self-renewal, through either overexpression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors or altered signal transduction, decreases the utilization of glutamine-derived carbons in the TCA cycle. As a result, cells with the highest potential for self-renewal can be enriched by transient culture in glutamine-deficient media. During pluripotent cell culture or reprogramming to pluripotency, transient glutamine withdrawal selectively leads to the elimination of non-pluripotent cells. These data reveal that reduced dependence on glutamine anaplerosis is an inherent feature of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells and reveal a simple, non-invasive mechanism to select for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells within a heterogeneous population during both ESC passage and induced pluripotent cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosha A. Vardhana
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paige K. Arnold
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bess P. Rosen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bryce W. Carey
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The
Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of
Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig B. Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lydia W.S. Finley
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to L.W.S.F.
()
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Shuai L, Zhang LN, Li BH, Tang CL, Wu LY, Li J, Li JY. SIRT5 Regulates Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Browning of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2019; 68:1449-1461. [PMID: 31010955 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The unique thermogenic capacity of brown adipocyte makes it an attractive target for antiobesity treatments. Several epigenetic regulators can control brown adipocyte development. In this study, we show that SIRT5, a member of the sirtuins, is required for brown adipocyte differentiation and essential for brown adipogenic gene activation in vitro. Furthermore, we find out that knockdown of SIRT5 reduces intracellular α-ketoglutarate concentration, which leads to elevated H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 levels at promoter regions of Pparγ and Prdm16 loci. Finally, we discover that SIRT5 knockout mice on the Sv129 background exhibit less browning capacity in subcutaneous white adipose tissue compared with controls and show apparent cold intolerance, suggesting that SIRT5 can modulate the browning process in vivo. Thus, our study uncovers a new biological function of SIRT5 in brown adipocyte differentiation and a mechanism by which SIRT5 regulates brown adipogenic gene activation at least partly through an indirect effect on histone modifications. Our study extends the linkage between epigenetics and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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129
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Wu L, Xia M, Duan Y, Zhang L, Jiang H, Hu X, Yan H, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Shi H, Li J, Gao X, Li J. Berberine promotes the recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue in mice and humans. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:468. [PMID: 31197160 PMCID: PMC6565685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates metabolic energy and mediates non-shivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing BAT mass and activity is expected to be a promising strategy for combating obesity; however, few medications effectively and safely recruit and activate BAT in humans. Berberine (BBR), a natural compound, is commonly used as a nonprescription drug to treat diarrhea. Here, we reported that 1-month BBR intervention increased BAT mass and activity, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity in mildly overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic BBR treatment promoted BAT development by stimulating the expression of brown adipogenic genes, enhanced BAT thermogenesis, and global energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice and chow-fed lean mice, Consistently, BBR facilitated brown adipocyte differentiation in both mouse and human primary brown preadipocytes. We further found that BBR increased the transcription of PRDM16, a master regulator of brown/beige adipogenesis, by inducing the active DNA demethylation of PRDM16 promoter, which might be driven by the activation of AMPK and production of its downstream tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-Ketoglutarate. Moreover, chronic BBR administration had no impact on the BAT thermogenesis in adipose-specific AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 knockout mice. In summary, we found that BBR intervention promoted recruitment and activation of BAT and AMPK-PRDM16 axis was indispensable for the pro-BAT and pro-energy expenditure properties of BBR. Our findings suggest that BBR may be a promising drug for obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans partially through activating BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yushen Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Abstract
The two types of thermogenic fat cells, beige and brown adipocytes, play a significant role in regulating energy homeostasis. Their development and thermogenesis are tightly regulated by dynamic epigenetic mechanisms, which could potentially be targeted to treat metabolic disorders such as obesity. However, we are just beginning to catalog and understand these dynamic changes. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the role of DNA (de)methylation events in beige and brown adipose biology in order to highlight the holes in our knowledge and to point the way forward for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Sona Kang
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
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131
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Thirupathi A, Chang YZ. Role of AMPK and its molecular intermediates in subjugating cancer survival mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 227:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Son JS, Liu X, Tian Q, Zhao L, Chen Y, Hu Y, Chae SA, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Exercise prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental vascularization and fetal growth. J Physiol 2019; 597:3333-3347. [PMID: 31115053 DOI: 10.1113/jp277698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal exercise improves the metabolic health of maternal mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Exercise intervention of obese mothers prevents fetal overgrowth. Exercise intervention reverses impaired placental vascularization in obese mice. Maternal exercise activates placental AMP-activated protein kinase, which was inhibited as a result of maternal obesity. ABSTRACT More than one-third of pregnant women in the USA are obese and maternal obesity (MO) negatively affects fetal development, which predisposes offspring to metabolic diseases. The placenta mediates nutrient delivery to fetuses and its function is impaired as a result of MO. Exercise ameliorates metabolic dysfunction resulting from obesity, although its effect on placental function of obese mothers has not been explored. In the present study, C57BL/6J female mice were randomly assigned into two groups fed either a control or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the mice on each diet were further divided into two subgroups with/without exercise. In HFD-induced obese mice, daily treadmill exercise during pregnancy reduced body weight gain, lowered serum glucose and lipid concentration, and improved insulin sensitivity of maternal mice. Importantly, maternal exercise prevented fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) induced by MO. To further examine the preventive effects of exercise on fetal overgrowth, placental vascularization and nutrient transporters were analysed. Vascular density and the expression of vasculogenic factors were reduced as a result of MO but were recovered by maternal exercise. On the other hand, the contents of nutrient transporters were not substantially altered by MO or exercise, suggesting that the protective effects of exercise in MO-induced fetal overgrowth were primarily a result of the alteration of placental vascularization and improved maternal metabolism. Furthermore, exercise enhanced downstream insulin signalling and activated AMP-activated protein kinase in HFD placenta. In sum, maternal exercise prevented fetal overgrowth induced by MO, which was associated with improved maternal metabolism and placental vascularization in obese mothers with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Qiyu Tian
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Abstract
The twin epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a serious health, social, and economic issue. The dysregulation of adipose tissue biology is central to the development of these two metabolic disorders, as adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in regulating whole-body metabolism and energy homeostasis (1). Accumulating evidence indicates that multiple aspects of adipose biology are regulated, in part, by epigenetic mechanisms. The precise and comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic control of adipose tissue biology is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic interventions that target epigenetic issues. Here, we review the recent findings on DNA methylation events and machinery in regulating the developmental processes and metabolic function of adipocytes. We highlight the following points: 1) DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulator of adipose development and gene regulation, 2) emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation is involved in the transgenerational passage of obesity and other metabolic disorders, 3) DNA methylation is involved in regulating the altered transcriptional landscape of dysfunctional adipose tissue, 4) genome-wide studies reveal specific DNA methylation events that associate with obesity and T2D, and 5) the enzymatic effectors of DNA methylation have physiological functions in adipose development and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sona Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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134
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Wang Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Miao Z, Zhu J. Metformin exerts antidepressant effects by regulated DNA hydroxymethylation. Epigenomics 2019; 11:655-667. [PMID: 30760033 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aim to study the antidepressant mechanism of metformin. Materials & methods: Tail suspension test and forced swimming test were used to detect the depression-like behavior; the expressions of target protein were examined by western blot; the levels of target genes were tested by quantitative PCR; the content of α-ketoglutarate and 5hmC were detected by ELISA kit. Results: We showed that metformin can improve the depression-like behavior in spatial restraint stress model; then we found that metformin through AMPK/Tet2 pathway increasing the expression of BDNF to antidepression. Conclusion: Our study provided evidences that metformin plays a role of antidepressant effects through the AMPK/Tet2/BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
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135
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Palacios-González B, Vargas-Castillo A, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vasquez-Reyes S, López P, Noriega LG, Aleman G, Tovar-Palacio C, Torre-Villalvazo I, Yang LJ, Zarain-Herzberg A, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein increases the thermogenic program of subcutaneous WAT and increases energy expenditure in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:59-68. [PMID: 31030168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) can differentiate into beige adipose tissue by the browning process. Some polyphenols, including isoflavones, particularly genistein, are suggested to increase the expression of browning markers. There is evidence that consumption of genistein can attenuate body weight gain and improve glucose tolerance and blood lipid levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of stimulation by which genistein activates the browning of WAT. We studied the stimulation of the expression of browning markers in the following models: mice fed genistein; preadipocytes from 3 T3-L1 cells; and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from the inguinal adipose tissue of mice. The results indicated that genistein can stimulate the browning process by at least two mechanisms. An indirect mechanism was involved in the induction of PGC-1α/FNDC5 in skeletal muscle leading to an increase in the myokine irisin. In preadipocytes, irisin was able to increase the expression of Ucp1 and Tmem26, markers of browning, to increase energy expenditure. Interestingly, genistein was also able to activate browning by a direct mechanism. Incubation of preadipocytes with genistein increased UCP1 expression as well as some biomarkers of browning in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly via phosphorylation of AMPK. The effect of genistein was accompanied by an increase in the number of mitochondria as well as in the maximum respiration rate of the adipocytes. In conclusion, this study indicated that genistein can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the browning process directly in preadipocytes and indirectly by increasing the circulating levels of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Palacios-González
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | | | - Sarai Vasquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Patricia López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Gabriela Aleman
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080.
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136
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Wang H, Mao X, Du M. Phytanic acid activates PPARα to promote beige adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:201-211. [PMID: 30951974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms of beige and brown adipogenesis is needed for developing strategies to prevent and treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Phytanic acid (PA) exists in a wide range of foods, especially in milk fat and marine foods, but its effects on obesity and beige adipogenesis remain poorly defined. The objective is to investigate the effects and regulatory mechanisms of PA in the beige adipogenesis. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, PA elevated the expression of brown adipogenic markers, suggesting that PA promotes beige adipogenic differentiation in committed adipogenic cells. In uncommitted C3H10T1/2 cells, while PA increased PGC1α expression, it did not increase brown adipogenic regulators PRDM16 or UCP1 expression, suggesting that PA had no significant effects on brown adipocyte commitment. PA also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and oxygen consumption. Promotion of both mitochondriogenesis and beige adipogenic differentiation were blocked by using PPARα antagonist or with Pparα knockdown, showing that PA-mediated beige/brown adipogenic differentiation is dependent on PPARα. Additionally, the PA-regulated effect is independent on β3-adrenergic receptor. Taken together, PA promotes beige adipogenic differentiation, but not the commitment of progenitor cells to the brown adipocyte lineage. PPARα is a key mediator during PA-induced beige/brown adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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137
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Ugur B, Bao H, Stawarski M, Duraine LR, Zuo Z, Lin YQ, Neely GG, Macleod GT, Chapman ER, Bellen HJ. The Krebs Cycle Enzyme Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 3A Couples Mitochondrial Metabolism to Synaptic Transmission. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3794-3806. [PMID: 29281828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission is a tightly regulated Ca2+-dependent process. Upon Ca2+ influx, Synaptotagmin1 (Syt1) promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) with the plasma membrane. This requires regulation at multiple levels, but the role of metabolites in SV release is unclear. Here, we uncover a role for isocitrate dehydrogenase 3a (idh3a), a Krebs cycle enzyme, in neurotransmission. Loss of idh3a leads to a reduction of the metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG), causing defects in synaptic transmission similar to the loss of syt1. Supplementing idh3a flies with αKG suppresses these defects through an ATP or neurotransmitter-independent mechanism. Indeed, αKG, but not glutamate, enhances Syt1-dependent fusion in a reconstitution assay. αKG promotes interaction between the C2-domains of Syt1 and phospholipids. The data reveal conserved metabolic regulation of synaptic transmission via αKG. Our studies provide a synaptic role for αKG, a metabolite that has been proposed as a treatment for aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ugur
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huan Bao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Lita R Duraine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Qi Lin
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory T Macleod
- Department of Biological Sciences and Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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138
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Pollard AE, Martins L, Muckett PJ, Khadayate S, Bornot A, Clausen M, Admyre T, Bjursell M, Fiadeiro R, Wilson L, Whilding C, Kotiadis VN, Duchen MR, Sutton D, Penfold L, Sardini A, Bohlooly-Y M, Smith DM, Read JA, Snowden MA, Woods A, Carling D. AMPK activation protects against diet induced obesity through Ucp1-independent thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2019; 1:340-349. [PMID: 30887000 PMCID: PMC6420092 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Pollard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís Martins
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Phillip J Muckett
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Bornot
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese Admyre
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Fiadeiro
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vassilios N Kotiadis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Sutton
- Drug Safety and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Babraham, UK
| | - Lucy Penfold
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Sardini
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon A Read
- Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Woods
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| | - David Carling
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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139
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Liu L, He X, Zhao M, Yang S, Wang S, Yu X, Liu J, Zang W. Regulation of DNA methylation and 2-OG/TET signaling by choline alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:26-37. [PMID: 30660679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a well-defined epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription. However, the role of DNA methylation in the cardiac hypertrophy seen in hypertension is unclear. This study was performed to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and the cardioprotective effect of choline. Eight-week-old male SHRs received intraperitoneal injections of choline (8 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. SHRs showed aberrant methylation distribution on chromosomes and genome regions, with decreased methylation levels at CHG and CHH sites. A total of 91,559 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected between SHRs and WKY rats, of which 28,197 were demethylated and 63,362 were methylated. Choline treatment partly restored the DMRs in SHRs, which were related to 131 genes. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of DMRs suggested that choline partly reversed the dysfunctions of biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions in SHRs. Moreover, the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate accumulation by choline, thereby inhibiting excessive activation of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes, may correlate with the beneficial effects of choline on methylation levels, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac function of SHRs, as indicated by decreased heart rate and blood pressure, and increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening. This study provides the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the hypertrophic myocardium of SHRs and suggests a novel role for this epigenetic modification in hypertension. Choline treatment may represent a promising approach for modification of DNA methylation and optimization of the epigenetic profile for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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140
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van Niekerk G, Mabin T, Engelbrecht AM. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of cannabinoids: an immunometabolic perspective. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:39-46. [PMID: 30610735 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-00560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have implicated cannabinoids as potent anti-inflammatory mediators. However, the exact mechanism by which cannabinoids exert these effects remains to be fully explained. The recent resurgence in interest regarding the metabolic adaptations undergone by activated immune cells has highlighted the intricate connection between metabolism and an inflammatory phenotype. In this regard, evidence suggests that cannabinoids may alter cell metabolism by increasing AMPK activity. In turn, emerging evidence suggests that the activation of AMPK by cannabinoids may mediate an anti-inflammatory effect through a range of processes. First, AMPK may promote oxidative metabolism, which have been shown to play a central role in immune cell polarisation towards a tolerogenic phenotype. AMPK activation may also attenuate anabolic processes which in turn may antagonise immune cell function. Furthermore, AMPK activity promotes the induction of autophagy, which in turn may promote anti-inflammatory effects through various well-described processes. Taken together, these observations implicate cannabinoids to mediate part of their anti-inflammatory effects through alterations in immune cell metabolism and the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - T Mabin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A-M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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141
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Okamoto S, Asgar NF, Yokota S, Saito K, Minokoshi Y. Role of the α2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase and its nuclear localization in mitochondria and energy metabolism-related gene expressions in C2C12 cells. Metabolism 2019; 90:52-68. [PMID: 30359677 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimer with α1 or α2 catalytic subunits, acts as an energy sensor and regulates cellular homeostasis. Whereas AMPKα1 is necessary for myogenesis in skeletal muscle, the role of AMPKα2 in myogenic differentiation and energy metabolism-related gene expressions has remained unclear. We here examined the specific roles of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in the myogenic differentiation and mitochondria and energy metabolism-related gene expressions in C2C12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stable C2C12 cell lines expressing a scramble short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or shRNAs specific for AMPKα1 (shAMPKα1), AMPKα2 (shAMPKα2), or both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 (shPanAMPK) were generated by lentivirus infection. Lentiviruses encoding wild-type AMPKα2 (WT-AMPKα2) or AMPKα2 with a mutated nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS-AMPKα2) were also constructed for introduction into myoblasts. Myogenesis was induced by culture of C2C12 myoblasts for 6 days in differentiation medium. RESULTS The amount of AMPKα2 increased progressively, whereas that of AMPKα1 remained constant, during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. Expression of shPanAMPK or shAMPKα1, but not that of shAMPKα2, attenuated the proliferation of myoblasts as well as the phosphorylation of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the autophagy-initiating kinase ULK1 in myotubes. Up-regulation of myogenin mRNA, a marker for the middle stage of myogenesis, was attenuated in differentiating myotubes expressing shPanAMPK or shAMPKα1. In contrast, up-regulation of gene expression for muscle creatine kinase (MCK), a late-stage differentiation marker, as well as for genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis including the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α1 and α4 (PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4) and mitochondria-specific genes such as cytochrome c were attenuated in myotubes expressing shAMPKα2 or shPanAMPK. The diameter of myotubes expressing shPanAMPK or shAMPKα2 was reduced, whereas that of those expressing shAMPKα1 was increased, compared with myotubes expressing scramble shRNA. A portion of AMPKα2 became localized to the nucleus during myogenic differentiation. The AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) each induced the nuclear translocation of WT-AMPKα2, but not that of ΔNLS-AMPKα2. Finally, expression of WT-AMPKα2 increased the mRNA abundance of PGC-1α1 and MCK mRNAs as well as cell diameter and tended to increase that of PGC-1α4, whereas that of ΔNLS-AMPKα2 increased only the abundance of MCK mRNA, in myotubes depleted of endogenous AMPKα2. CONCLUSION TAMPKα1 and AMPKα2 have distinct roles in myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, with AMPKα1 contributing to the middle stage of myogenesis and AMPKα2 to the late stage. AMPKα2 regulates gene expressions including MCK, PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 and mitochondria-specific genes such as cytochrome c during the late stage of differentiation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of AMPKα2 is necessary for maintenance of PGC-1α1 mRNA during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Nur Farehan Asgar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yokota
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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Kim HL, Park J, Jung Y, Ahn KS, Um JY. Platycodin D, a novel activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, attenuates obesity in db/db mice via regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:254-263. [PMID: 30599906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodi Radix (root of Platycodon grandiflorum) and its active compound platycodin D (PD) has been previously shown to possess anti-obesity properties, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. PURPOSE The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-obese effect of PD and reveal its mechanism of action. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Genetically obese db/db mice were orally treated with PD for 4 weeks, and body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum parameters were measured. Then, assays on adipogenic factors, thermogenic factors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were performed in PD-treated 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and primary cultured brown adipocytes. RESULTS PD treatment attenuated body weight gain, suppressed white adipose tissue weight and improved obesity-related serum parameters in db/db mice. Two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were decreased by PD treatment in WAT of db/db mice, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and hAMSCs. In BAT of db/db mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes, PD treatment elevated the expressions of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PCG1α), the key regulators of BAT-associated thermogenesis. In addition, PD activated AMPKα both in vivo and in vitro. However, when AMPK was inhibited by compound C, PD treatment failed to suppress adipogenic factors and increase thermogenic factors. CONCLUSIONS PD improved obesity in db/db mice by AMPK-associated decrease of adipogenic markers including PPARγ and C/EBPα. PD increased thermogenic factors such as UCP1 and PGC1α in db/db mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes. AMPK inhibition nullified the effects of PD, suggesting its anti-adipogenic and thermogenic actions were dependent on AMPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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143
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Metabolic Signaling into Chromatin Modifications in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124108. [PMID: 30567372 PMCID: PMC6321258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cellular metabolism is coordinated through a tissue cross-talk by hormonal control. This leads to the establishment of specific transcriptional gene programs which adapt to environmental stimuli. On the other hand, recent advances suggest that metabolic pathways could directly signal into chromatin modifications and impact on specific gene programs. The key metabolites acetyl-CoA or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) are examples of important metabolic hubs which play in addition a role in chromatin acetylation and methylation. In this review, we will discuss how intermediary metabolism impacts on transcription regulation and the epigenome with a particular focus in metabolic disorders.
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144
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Chen Y, Yang Q, Du M. Beyond brown adipogenesis the inheritance of imprinted H19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31187089 DOI: 10.21037/ncri.2018.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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145
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Gongol B, Sari I, Bryant T, Rosete G, Marin T. AMPK: An Epigenetic Landscape Modulator. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103238. [PMID: 30347687 PMCID: PMC6214086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated by AMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and cellular survival. AMPK regulates a diverse set of signaling networks that converge to epigenetically mediate transcriptional events. Reversible histone and DNA modifications, such as acetylation and methylation, result in structural chromatin alterations that influence transcriptional machinery access to genomic regulatory elements. The orchestration of these epigenetic events differentiates physiological from pathophysiological phenotypes. AMPK phosphorylation of histones, DNA methyltransferases and histone post-translational modifiers establish AMPK as a key player in epigenetic regulation. This review focuses on the role of AMPK as a mediator of cellular survival through its regulation of chromatin remodeling and the implications this has for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gongol
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Indah Sari
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Tiffany Bryant
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Geraldine Rosete
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Traci Marin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, CA 92395, USA.
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146
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Lecoutre S, Petrus P, Rydén M, Breton C. Transgenerational Epigenetic Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Development. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:675-685. [PMID: 30104112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An adverse nutritional environment during the perinatal period increases the risk of adult-onset metabolic diseases, such as obesity, which may persist across generations. Adipose tissue (AT) from offspring of malnourished dams has been shown to display altered adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipokine expression, impaired thermogenesis, and low-grade inflammation. Although the exact mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear, epigenetic processes are believed to have an important role. In this review, we focus on epigenetic mechanisms in AT that may account for transgenerational dysregulation of adipocyte formation and adipose function. Understanding the complex interactions between maternal diet and epigenetic regulation of the AT in offspring may be valuable in improving preventive strategies against the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.
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147
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Zhao L, Zhu X, Cong R, Yang X, Zhu Y. The Protective Effects of Danggui-Baizhu-Tang on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Activating Thermogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1019. [PMID: 30258363 PMCID: PMC6143821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Danggui-Baizhu-Tang (DBT), a traditional Chinese medicine decoction, was used for decreasing serum TG and TC remarkably. However, effect of weight control and action mechanism remains confused. In this study, to evaluate the anti-obesity effects, different gradient concentration of DBT (0.59, 1.17 g/kg) or Orlistat (Orl, 15.6 mg/kg; positive control) were administrated by gavage for 8 weeks in C57BL/6J mice which were pretreated with chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months. After administration, significant decrease of body weight and food utilization was observed. It was indicated that concentration of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were reduced strikingly, as well as accumulation of lipid droplets in liver. Meanwhile, DBT treatment could also decrease weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) and size of adipocytes, whereas increase weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice. Moreover, it was revealed that DBT could elevate rectal temperature by raising expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), which were attributed to phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, TNF-α and IL-6, obesity-related inflammatory cytokines, were decreased. In conclusion, DBT could stimulate phosphorylation of AMPK to raise expression of UCP1 and PGC-1α, and activate thermogenesis to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renhuai Cong
- Joint Laboratory for the Research of Pharmaceutics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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148
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Breining P, Jensen JB, Sundelin EI, Gormsen LC, Jakobsen S, Busk M, Rolighed L, Bross P, Fernandez-Guerra P, Markussen LK, Rasmussen NE, Hansen JB, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B, Jessen N. Metformin targets brown adipose tissue in vivo and reduces oxygen consumption in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2264-2273. [PMID: 29752759 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metformin target tissue by investigating in vivo uptake of [11 C]-metformin tracer in mice and studying in vitro effects of metformin on cultured human brown adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue-specific uptake of metformin was assessed in mice by PET/CT imaging after injection of [11 C]-metformin. Human brown adipose tissue was obtained from elective neck surgery and metformin transporter expression levels in human and murine BAT were determined by qPCR. Oxygen consumption in metformin-treated human brown adipocyte cell models was assessed by Seahorse XF technology. RESULTS Injected [11 C]-metformin showed avid uptake in the murine interscapular BAT depot. Metformin exposure in BAT was similar to hepatic exposure. Non-specific inhibition of the organic cation transporter (OCT) protein by cimetidine administration eliminated BAT exposure to metformin, demonstrating OCT-mediated uptake. Gene expression profiles of OCTs in BAT revealed ample OCT3 expression in both human and mouse BAT. Incubation of a human brown adipocyte cell models with metformin reduced cellular oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results support BAT as a putative metformin target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Breining
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elias I Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Busk
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Surgery P, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Markussen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nanna E Rasmussen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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149
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Desjardins EM, Steinberg GR. Emerging Role of AMPK in Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue (BAT): Implications for Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 30120579 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is escalating at alarming rates, demanding the development of additional classes of therapeutics to further reduce the burden of disease. Recent studies have indicated that increasing the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue may represent a novel means to reduce circulating glucose and lipids in people with T2D. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that has recently been demonstrated to be important in potentially regulating the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. The goal of this review is to summarize recent work describing the role of AMPK in brown and beige adipose tissue, focusing on its role in adipogenesis and non-shivering thermogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Ablation of AMPK in mouse adipocytes results in cold intolerance, a reduction in non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance; effects associated with a defect in mitochondrial specific autophagy (mitophagy) within BAT. The effects of a β3-adrenergic agonist on the induction of BAT thermogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) are also blunted in mice lacking adipose tissue AMPK. A specific AMPK activator, A-769662, also results in the activation of BAT and the browning of WAT, effects which may involve demethylation of the PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) promoter region, which is important for BAT development. AMPK plays an important role in the development and maintenance of brown and beige adipose tissue. Adipose tissue AMPK is reduced in people with insulin resistance, consistent with findings that mice lacking adipocyte AMPK develop greater NAFLD and insulin resistance. These data suggest that pharmacologically targeting adipose tissue AMPK may represent a promising strategy to enhance energy expenditure and reduce circulating glucose and lipids, which may be effective for the treatment of NAFLD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Desjardins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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150
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Na HH, Kim KC. Homeostatic balance of histone acetylation and deconstruction of repressive chromatin marker H3K9me3 during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:1301-1308. [PMID: 30094782 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation is completed by changing gene expression. Chromatin is closely related to gene expression. Therefore, its structure might be changed for adipocyte differentiation. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have been used as a cell model to study molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis. Objective To examine changes of chromatin modification and expression of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Methods Microscopic analysis and Oil Red O staining were performed to determine distinct phenotype of adipocyte differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine expression levels of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Histone modifications were examined by immunostaining analysis. Results Expression levels of P300 and cbp were increased during adipocyte differentiation. However, acetylation of histones was not quantitatively changed postdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 cells compared to that at pre-differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that expression levels of hdac2 and hdac3 were increased during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting histone acetylation at chromatin level was homeostatically controlled by increased expression of both HATs and HDACs. Tri-methylation level of H3K9 (H3K9me3), but not that of H3K27me3, was significantly decreased during adipocyte differentiation. Decreased expression of setdb1 was consistent with reduced pattern of H3K9me3. Knock-down of setdb1 induced adipocyte differentiation. This suggests that setdb1 is a key chromatin modifier that modulates repressive chromatin. Conclusion These results suggest that there exist extensive mechanisms of chromatin modifications for homeostatic balance of chromatin acetylation and deconstruction of repressive chromatin during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Heom Na
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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