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Irinotecan-Still an Important Player in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144919. [PMID: 32664667 PMCID: PMC7404108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan has been used in the treatment of various malignancies for many years. Still, the knowledge regarding this drug is expanding. The pharmacogenetics of the drug is the crucial component of response to irinotecan. Furthermore, new formulations of the drug are introduced in order to better deliver the drug and avoid potentially life-threatening side effects. Here, we give a comprehensive overview on irinotecan’s molecular mode of action, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, and toxicity. Moreover, this article features clinically used combinations of the drug with other anticancer agents and introduces novel formulations of drugs (e.g., liposomal formulations, dendrimers, and nanoparticles). It also outlines crucial mechanisms of tumor cells’ resistance to the active metabolite, ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38). We are sure that the article will constitute an important source of information for both new researchers in the field of irinotecan chemotherapy and professionals or clinicians who are interested in the topic.
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102
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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-Based Proteomics of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112718. [PMID: 32545386 PMCID: PMC7321193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples, outperforming conventional antibody-based methods in many aspects. LC-MS/MS-based proteomics studies have revealed the protein abundances of many drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in tissues relevant to drug metabolism and disposition. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated marked interindividual variability in DMET protein expression, suggesting that varied DMET function is an important contributing factor for interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of medications. Moreover, differential DMET expression profiles were observed across different species and in vitro models. Therefore, caution must be exercised when extrapolating animal and in vitro DMET proteomics findings to humans. In recent years, DMET proteomics has been increasingly utilized for the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, and DMET proteins have also been proposed as biomarkers for prediction of the PK and PD of the corresponding substrate drugs. In sum, despite the existence of many challenges in the analytical technology and data analysis methods of LC-MS/MS-based proteomics, DMET proteomics holds great potential to advance our understanding of PK behavior at the individual level and to optimize treatment regimens via the DMET protein biomarker-guided precision pharmacotherapy.
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103
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Ber J, Wiczling P, Hołysz M, Klupczyńska A, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Bieda K, Smuszkiewicz P, Nowicka M, Żurański Ł, Sobczyński P, Matysiak J, Grześkowiak E, Bienert A. Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Dexmedetomidine in a Heterogeneous Group of Patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:1461-1473. [PMID: 32500578 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is a hepatically eliminated drug with sedative, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, and analgesic properties that has been increasingly used for various indications in the form of a short or continuous intravenous infusion. This study aimed to propose a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of dexmedetomidine in a heterogeneous group of intensive care unit patients, incorporating 29 covariates potentially linked with dexmedetomidine PK. Data were collected from 70 patients aged between 0.25 and 88 years and treated with dexmedetomidine infusion for various durations at 1 of 4 medical centers. Statistical analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed-effect model. Categorical and continuous covariates including demographic data, hemodynamic parameters, biochemical markers, and 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were tested. A 2-compartment model was used to describe dexmedetomidine PK. An allometric/isometric scaling was used to account for body weight difference in PK parameters, and the Hill equation was used to describe the maturation of clearance. Typical values of the central and peripheral volume of distribution and the systemic and distribution clearance for a theoretical adult patient were central volume of distribution = 22.50 L, peripheral volume of distribution = 86.1 L, systemic clearance = 34.7 L/h, and distribution clearance = 40.8 L/h. The CYP1A2 genetic polymorphism and noradrenaline administration were identified as significant covariates for clearance. A population PK model of dexmedetomidine was successfully developed. The proposed model is well calibrated to the observed data. The identified covariates account for <5% of interindividual variability and consequently are of low clinical significance for the purpose of dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Wiczling
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Hołysz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klupczyńska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Bieda
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Smuszkiewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Pain Treatment, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nowicka
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Żurański
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Sobczyński
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edmund Grześkowiak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bienert
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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104
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Liu F, Zhang Q, Lin C, Yao Y, Wang M, Liu C, Zhu C. A comparative study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 5-hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one and its metabolite in normal and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis rats by HPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1761-1770. [PMID: 32363585 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the existing form of 5-hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one (PQ-A) in vivo after oral administration and the effects on its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution by colitis. METHODS A rapid HPLC-MS/MS method was established to simultaneously determine PQ-A and its main metabolite, 1-methoxicabony-β-carboline (PQ-B), in biological samples acquired from normal and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitic rats administered orally with PQ-A. Then, the pharmacokinetics of both PQ-A and PQ-B, and tissue distribution of PQ-A in the above two states were analysed. KEY FINDINGS The pharmacokinetic results showed that the prototype of PQ-A was the main existing form in both physiological and pathological conditions. And significant difference between the above two status in pharmacokinetics of PQ-A was observed, such as higher exposure and longer elimination in colitis than that in normal rats. It suggested that the pharmacokinetics of medications for colitis was affected by enteritis. The tissue distribution studies displayed that PQ-A mainly accumulated in intestinal tract. Especially, the distribution of PQ-A in intestinal tract was increased obviously in colitic rats. CONCLUSIONS These results contributed to further illuminate the ADME process of PQ-A in different status and were prospected to be the reference to the clinical application of similar medicines in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangle Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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105
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The First Asian Kidney Transplantation Prediction Models for Long-term Patient and Allograft Survival. Transplantation 2020; 104:1048-1057. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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106
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Sachdev K, Gupta MK. A comprehensive review of computational techniques for the prediction of drug side effects. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:650-670. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanica Sachdev
- School of Computer Science and EngineeringShri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Manoj K. Gupta
- School of Computer Science and EngineeringShri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra Jammu and Kashmir India
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107
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Tamsulosin Associated with Interstitial Lung Damage in CYP2D6 Variant Alleles Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082770. [PMID: 32316326 PMCID: PMC7215842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are serious but underestimated causative agents of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Both cytotoxic and immune mechanisms may be involved in drug-induced ILD (DI-ILD). We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms of relevant CYP enzymes involved in the metabolization of tamsulosin might explain the pathologic mechanism of the DI-ILD in the cases with suspected tamsulosin DI-ILD. We collected 22 tamsulosin-associated DI-ILD cases at two ILD Expertise Centers in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2020. CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped and compared with a control group of 78 healthy Caucasian male volunteers. Nine cases were phenotyped as CYP2D6 poor metabolizers and 13 as CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers. The phenotypes of the cases differed significantly from those of the healthy controls, with more poor metabolizers. After withdrawal of tamsulosin, the pulmonary condition of three cases had improved, six patients had stabilized, and one patient stabilized after reducing the tamsulosin dose. The described 22 cases suggest that an association between the presence of CYP2D6 allelic variants and tamsulosin-associated ILD is highly likely. These cases highlight the importance of both clinical and genetic risk stratification aimed to achieve a more accurate prevention of DI-ILD in the future and enhance the quality of life of patients.
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108
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Zhang H, De T, Zhong Y, Perera MA. The Advantages and Challenges of Diversity in Pharmacogenomics: Can Minority Populations Bring Us Closer to Implementation? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 106:338-349. [PMID: 31038731 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities exist among minorities in the United States, with differences seen in disease prevalence, mortality, and responses to medications. These differences are multifactorial with genetic variation explaining a portion of this variability. Pharmacogenomics aims to find the effect of genetic variations on drug response, with the goal of optimizing drug therapy and development. Although genome-wide association studies have been useful in unbiasedly surveying the genome for genetic drivers of clinically relevant phenotypes, most of these studies have been conducted in mainly participants of European and Asian descent, contributing to a growing health disparity in precision medicine. Diversity is important to pharmacogenomic studies, and there may be real advantages to the use of these complex genomes in pharmacogenomics. In this review we will outline some of the advantages and confounders of pharmacogenomics in minorities, describe the role of genetic variation in pharmacologic pathways, and highlight a number of population-specific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tanima De
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yizhen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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109
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Azad AK, Lloyd C, Sadee W, Schlesinger LS. Challenges of Immune Response Diversity in the Human Population Concerning New Tuberculosis Diagnostics, Therapies, and Vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:139. [PMID: 32322562 PMCID: PMC7156588 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal approaches to the prevention and treatment of human diseases fail to take into account profound immune diversity resulting from genetic variations across populations. Personalized or precision medicine takes into account individual lifestyle, environment, and biology (genetics and immune status) and is being adopted in several disease intervention strategies such as cancer and heart disease. However, its application in infectious diseases, particularly global diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), is far more complex and in a state of infancy. Here, we discuss the impact of human genetic variations on immune responses and how they relate to failures seen in current TB diagnostic, therapy, and vaccine approaches across populations. We offer our perspective on the challenges and potential for more refined approaches going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Azad
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Lloyd
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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110
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Govender R, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Larsson A, Folestad S. Therapy for the individual: Towards patient integration into the manufacturing and provision of pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:58-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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111
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Rajman I, Knapp L, Hanna I. Genetic Diversity in Drug Transporters: Impact in African Populations. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:848-860. [PMID: 32100958 PMCID: PMC7485953 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in drug transporters, like the adenosine triposphate-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) superfamilies, may contribute to the observed diversity in drug response in African patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the frequencies and distributions in African populations of ABC and SLC variants that affect drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Of polymorphisms evaluated in African populations, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and SLC22A6 rs1158626 were found at markedly higher frequencies than in non-African populations. SLCO1B1 rs4149056 was associated with reduction in rifampin exposure, which has implications for dosing this important anti-tuberculosis therapy. SLC22A6 rs1158626 was associated with increased affinity for antiretroviral drugs. Genetic diversity in SLC and ABC transporters in African populations has implications for conventional therapies, notably in tuberculosis and HIV. More PK and PD data in African populations are needed to assess potential for a different response to drugs compared with other global populations.
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112
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Agapito G, Settino M, Scionti F, Altomare E, Guzzi PH, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P, Cannataro M, Arbitrio M, Di Martino MT. DMET TM Genotyping: Tools for Biomarkers Discovery in the Era of Precision Medicine. High Throughput 2020; 9:ht9020008. [PMID: 32235355 PMCID: PMC7362183 DOI: 10.3390/ht9020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of genetic variants in genes involved in drug metabolism may be translated into reduction of adverse drug reactions, increase of efficacy, healthcare outcomes improvement and economic benefits. Many high-throughput tools are available for the genotyping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be related to drugs and xenobiotics metabolism. DMETTM platform represents an example of SNPs panel to discover biomarkers correlated to efficacy or toxicity in common and rare diseases. The difficulty in analyzing the mole of information generated by DMETTM platform led to the development and implementation of algorithms and tools for statistical and data mining analysis. These softwares allow efficient handling of the omics data to validate the explorative SNPs identified by DMET assay and to correlate them with drug efficacy, toxicity and/or cancer susceptibility. In this review we present a suite of bioinformatic frameworks for the preprocessing and analysis of DMET-SNPs data. In particular, we introduce a workflow that uses the GenoMetric Query Language, a high-level query language specifically designed for genomics, able to query public datasets (such as ENCODE, TCGA, GENCODE annotation dataset, etc.) as well as to combine them with private datasets (e.g., output from Affymetrix® DMETTM Platform).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Agapito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (M.S.); (P.H.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Marzia Settino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (M.S.); (P.H.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (E.A.); (P.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (E.A.); (P.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Pietro Hiram Guzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (M.S.); (P.H.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (E.A.); (P.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (E.A.); (P.T.); (P.T.)
| | - Mario Cannataro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (M.S.); (P.H.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.T.D.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (E.A.); (P.T.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.T.D.M.)
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113
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Current Concepts in Pharmacometabolomics, Biomarker Discovery, and Precision Medicine. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040129. [PMID: 32230776 PMCID: PMC7241083 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacometabolomics (PMx) studies use information contained in metabolic profiles (or metabolome) to inform about how a subject will respond to drug treatment. Genome, gut microbiome, sex, nutrition, age, stress, health status, and other factors can impact the metabolic profile of an individual. Some of these factors are known to influence the individual response to pharmaceutical compounds. An individual’s metabolic profile has been referred to as his or her “metabotype.” As such, metabolomic profiles obtained prior to, during, or after drug treatment could provide insights about drug mechanism of action and variation of response to treatment. Furthermore, there are several types of PMx studies that are used to discover and inform patterns associated with varied drug responses (i.e., responders vs. non-responders; slow or fast metabolizers). The PMx efforts could simultaneously provide information related to an individual’s pharmacokinetic response during clinical trials and be used to predict patient response to drugs making pharmacometabolomic clinical research valuable for precision medicine. PMx biomarkers can also be discovered and validated during FDA clinical trials. Using biomarkers during medical development is described in US Law under the 21st Century Cures Act. Information on how to submit biomarkers to the FDA and their context of use is defined herein.
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114
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Abdullahi ST, Soyinka JO, Olagunju A, Bolarinwa RA, Olarewaju OJ, Bakare‐Odunola MT, Winterberg M, Tarning J, Owen A, Khoo S. CYP2B6*6 Genotype Specific Differences in Artemether-Lumefantrine Disposition in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:351-360. [PMID: 31549442 PMCID: PMC7028104 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is involved in the metabolism of the antimalarial drugs artemether and lumefantrine. Here we investigated the effect of CYP2B6*6 on the plasma pharmacokinetics of artemether, lumefantrine, and their metabolites in healthy volunteers. Thirty healthy and previously genotyped adult volunteers-15 noncarriers (CYP2B6*1/*1) and 15 homozygote carriers (CYP2B6*6/*6)-selected from a cohort of 150 subjects from the Ilorin metropolitan area were administered the complete 3-day course of artemether and lumefantrine (80 and 480 mg twice daily, respectively). Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was conducted at different time points before and after the last dose. Plasma concentrations of artemether, lumefantrine, dihydroartemisinin, and desbutyllumefantrine were quantified using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental analysis. Artemether clearance of CYP2B6*6/*6 volunteers was nonsignificantly lower by 26% (ratios of geometric mean [90% CI]; 0.74 [0.52-1.05]), and total exposure (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity [AUC0-∞ ]) was greater by 35% (1.35 [0.95-1.93]) when compared with those of *1/*1 volunteers. Similarly, assuming complete bioconversion from artemether, the dihydroartemisinin AUC0-∞ was 22% lower. On the contrary, artemether-to-dihydroartemisinin AUC0-∞ ratio was 73% significantly higher (1.73 [1.27-2.37]). Comparison of lumefantrine exposure and lumefantrine-to-desbutyllumefantrine metabolic ratio of *6/*6 with corresponding data from *1/*1 volunteers showed no differences. The increased artemether-to-dihydroartemisinin metabolic ratio of *6/*6 volunteers is unlikely to result in differences in artemether-lumefantrine efficacy and treatment outcomes. This is the first study in humans to associate CYP2B6*6 genotype with artemether disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ad T. Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria
| | - Julius O. Soyinka
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
| | - Adeniyi Olagunju
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Rahman A. Bolarinwa
- Department of HaematologyObafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals ComplexIle‐IfeNigeria
| | - Olusola J. Olarewaju
- Department of HaematologyObafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals ComplexIle‐IfeNigeria
| | | | - Markus Winterberg
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular & Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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115
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Banerjee BD, Kumar R, Thamineni KL, Shah H, Thakur GK, Sharma T. Effect of Environmental Exposure and Pharmacogenomics on Drug Metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1103-1113. [PMID: 31933442 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200110153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are major xenobiotic compounds and environmental pollutants, which are able to alter drug-metabolizing enzyme as well as pharmacokinetics of drugs. Subsequent to the release of the human genome project, genetic variations (polymorphism) become an integral part of drug development due to their influence on disease susceptibility/ progression of the disease and their impact on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism of active metabolites and finally excretion of the drug. Genetic polymorphisms crucially regulate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs under the influence of physiological condition, lifestyle, as well as pathological conditions collectively. OBJECTIVE To review all the evidence concerning the effect of environmental exposure on drug metabolism with reference to pharmacogenomics. METHODS Scientific data search and review of basic, epidemiological, pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of environmental contaminants on drug metabolism. RESULTS Various environmental contaminants like pesticides effectively alter drug metabolism at various levels under the influence of pharmacogenomics, which interferes with pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism. Genetic polymorphism of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes remarkably alters disease susceptibility as well as the progression of disease under the influence of various environmental contaminants at various levels. CONCLUSION Individual specific drug response may be attributed to a large variety of factors alone or in combination ranging from genetic variations (SNP, insertion, deletion, duplication etc.) to physiological setting (gender, age, body size, and ethnicity), environmental or lifestyle factors (radiation exposure, smoking, alcohol, nutrition, exposure to toxins, etc.); and pathological conditions (obesity, diabetes, liver and renal function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Krishna Latha Thamineni
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Harendra Shah
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Thakur
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
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116
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New paradigm for expediting drug development in Asia. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:491-496. [PMID: 31926136 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some Asian regulators currently require Phase I data in Asians before joining global Phase II/III trials. Here, we discuss inherent limitations of Phase I ethnic sensitivity studies (ESS) to identify potential interethnic differences. We review recent new drug applications (NDAs) for Japan and China to critically assess the value of separate ESSs in Asian populations. Given that the observed value of ESS was limited, we propose a new global drug development paradigm: if relevant safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacogenetic (PG) data are available from the original Phase I study population, it might be possible to extrapolate those data to Asian populations for their inclusion in Phase II/III trials, without an ESS. This could help to streamline drug development in Asia while still addressing regulatory requirements.
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117
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Dorji PW, Wangchuk S, Boonprasert K, Tarasuk M, Na-Bangchang K. Pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 in Bhutanese population. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2019; 34:/j/dmdi.2019.34.issue-4/dmpt-2019-0020/dmpt-2019-0020.xml. [PMID: 32004143 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Marked differences among genotype frequencies (Caucasians, Asians, and Africans) have been observed in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Data on the frequency of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms in Bhutanese population is absent. This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9 (*2 and *3), CYP2C19 (*2 and *3), CYP2D6 (*10), and CYP3A5 (*3) in Bhutanese population. Methods Genotyping was performed in 443 DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results For CYP2C9, allele frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 0.339% and 0%, respectively. For CYP2C19, frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 30.135% and 15.689%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2D6*10 and CYP3A5*3 were 21.332% and 77.314%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2C9*2 are similar to most Asians while CYP2C9*3 was absent. CYP2C19*2 showed a close resemblance to Japanese and Burmese, while CYP2C19*3 is near to Japanese and Korean. CYP2D6*10 is noticeably lower than other Asians. CYP3A5*3 is similar to East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean). Conclusions The Bhutanese population is polymorphic for these CYP genes, except for CYP2C9*3. Similar to other populations, genetic testing for these genes may, therefore, be helpful to obtain the benefit from pharmacological treatments and prevent adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palden Wangyel Dorji
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand; Faculty of Nursing and Public Health, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Kanyarat Boonprasert
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Tarasuk
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Thailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand
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118
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High Content Solid Dispersions for Dose Window Extension: A Basis for Design Flexibility in Fused Deposition Modelling. Pharm Res 2019; 37:9. [PMID: 31848730 PMCID: PMC6917630 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study uses high drug content solid dispersions for dose window extension beyond current demonstrations using fused deposition modelling (FDM) to; i) accommodate pharmaceutically relevant doses of drugs of varying potencies at acceptable dosage form sizes and ii) enable enhanced dose flexibility via modular dosage form design concepts. METHODS FDM was used to generate ~0.5 mm thick discs of varying diameter (2-10 mm) from melt-extruded feedstocks based on 10% to 50% w/w felodipine in ethyl cellulose. Drug content was determined by UV spectroscopy and dispensing precision from printed disc mass. RESULTS Mean felodipine content was within ±5% of target values for all print volumes and compositions including contents as high as ~50% w/w. However, poor dispensing precision was evident at all print volumes. CONCLUSIONS In pursuit of dose flexibility, this successful demonstration of dose window extension using high content solid dispersions preserves FDM design flexibility by maintaining applicability to drugs of varying potencies. The achieved uniformity of content supports the application of varying content solid dispersions to modular dosage form concepts to enhance dose flexibility. However, poor dispensing precision impedes its utilisation until appropriate compatibility between FDM hardware and materials at varying drug contents can be attained.
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119
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Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Pharmacological plasticity-How do you hit a moving target? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00532. [PMID: 31768257 PMCID: PMC6868654 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paul Ehrlich's concept of the magic bullet, by which a single drug induces pharmacological effects by interacting with a single receptor has been a strong driving force in pharmacology for a century. It is continually thwarted, though, by the fact that the treated organism is highly dynamic and the target molecule(s) is (are) never static. In this article, we address some of the factors that modify and cause the mobility and plasticity of drug targets and their interactions with ligands and discuss how these can lead to unexpected (lack of) effects of drugs. These factors include genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variability, cellular plasticity, chronobiological rhythms, time, age and disease resolution, sex, drug metabolism, and distribution. We emphasize four existing approaches that can be taken, either singly or in combination, to try to minimize effects of pharmacological plasticity. These are firstly, to enhance specificity using target conditions close to those in diseases, secondly, by simultaneously or thirdly, sequentially aiming at multiple targets, and fourthly, in synchronization with concurrent dietary, psychological, training, and biorhythm-synchronizing procedures to optimize drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyJ.W. Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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120
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Feng S, Enders JR, Cummings OT, Strickland EC, McIntire T, McIntire G. A Dilute and Shoot LC–MS/MS Method for Antipsychotics in Urine. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 44:331-338. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Adherence to prescribed antipsychotics is an ongoing problem. Traditionally, estimates of adherence have been made from patient interviews, pill counting and blood testing. A number of methods for the analysis of antipsychotics in blood have been reported for both therapeutic drug monitoring and postmortem testing for toxicity. This report details a dilute and shoot method for the analysis of 19 different antipsychotics and metabolites. The method takes advantage of earlier reports demonstrating unique, prevalent urine metabolites for aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, haloperidol and lurasidone to enhance sensitivity for these analytes. With a fast analysis time and minimal sample preparation, this method can be used for quantitation of antipsychotics in urine. Finally, this method has been used to test samples for over a year with the results summarized in this report. While further improvements are certainly possible, this method is selective and sensitive for this group of important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695
| | - Oneka T Cummings
- Insource Diagnostics, 231 West Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Erin C Strickland
- Research and Development, Ameritox, LLC, 486 Gallimore Dairy Rd, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | | | - Gregory McIntire
- Research and Development, Premier Biotech, 723 Kasota Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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121
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Schwier NC, O'Neal K. Pharmacotherapeutic Management Strategies for Thyroid Disease-Induced Pericarditis. Ann Pharmacother 2019; 54:486-495. [PMID: 31744311 DOI: 10.1177/1060028019889065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the various pharmacotherapeutic strategies in managing thyroid disease-induced pericarditis (TDIP). Considerations for both hypothyroid-induced and hyperthyroid-induced pericarditis will be discussed. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE, including PubMed, was performed inclusive of all years, using the following search terms: thyroid disease, pericardial diseases, pericarditis, acute pericarditis, cholesterol pericarditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, colchicine, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, methimazole, propylthiouracil, and P-glycoprotein. Product monographs were reviewed as well. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies and data as well as the most current guidelines for diagnosis and management of thyroid and pericardial diseases were considered. Because of limited data regarding the subject matter, no date range limits were established during literature search. Data Synthesis: It is well documented that thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect cardiovascular function. Additionally, there are published guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericarditis and, separately, thyroid disease. There are limited data, however, on managing TDIP. The sequela of untreated TDIP can be detrimental. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Strategies on managing TDIP are scarcely reported in the literature. This review provides clinicians with a single reference source for treatment strategies toward managing hypothyroidism-induced and hyperthyroidism-induced pericarditis as well as significant drug interactions that can potentially confound the management of hypothyroidism- and hyperthyroidism-induced pericarditis. Conclusions: Treatment of TDIP involves addressing both the thyroid disease as well as the pericarditis. Along with treatment strategies, clinicians should also consider potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that can potentially worsen clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine O'Neal
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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122
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Pharmacogenes (PGx-genes): Current understanding and future directions. Gene 2019; 718:144050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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123
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Bai H, Wu T, Jiao L, Wu Q, Zhao Z, Song J, Liu T, Lv Y, Lu X, Ying B. Association of
ABCC
Gene Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug–Induced Hepatotoxicity in Western Han Patients With Tuberculosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:361-368. [PMID: 31648372 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tangyuheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanghua Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panzhihua Municipal Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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124
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Abstract
The purpose of pharmacogenetic testing is to determine the risk of adverse reactions and/or likelihood of a medication's effectiveness. Pharmacogenetic testing can assist primary care providers in tailoring treatment according to a patient's genetic traits and his or her ability to metabolize certain medication. This article will discuss the benefits and limitations of pharmacogenetic testing and how to interpret results.
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125
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Yu Y, Durairaj C, Shi H, Wang DD. Population Pharmacokinetics of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Cancer. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:218-228. [PMID: 31489639 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been developed to treat cancers associated with somatic BRCA mutations and germline genetic aberrations involved in the DNA damage response. The efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of talazoparib, a potent small-molecule PARP inhibitor, was established in 4 clinical studies in cancer patients (2 phase 1 studies PRP-001 and PRP-002, the phase 2 ABRAZO trial, and the phase 3 EMBRACA trial). The current study aimed to describe the population PK of talazoparib and identify covariates that affect talazoparib PK in patients with advanced cancers using pooled data from these 4 studies. Talazoparib PK was well characterized by a 2-compartment model with first-order absorption and absorption lag time. Based on covariate analysis, no dose adjustment for talazoparib is required based on a patient's age, sex, baseline body weight, Asian race, the presence of mild renal or hepatic impairment, or use of acid-reducing agents. A reduced 0.75-mg daily dose is recommended for patients taking a potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor and those with moderate renal impairment. Insufficient data were available to establish dosing recommendations for patients with severe renal and moderate or severe hepatic impairment. The PK of a single 1-mg talazoparib capsule is comparable with 4 0.25-mg capsules. Talazoparib can be taken with or without food. These data provide support for dosing recommendations and labeling information for talazoparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Yu
- Pfizer Inc, La Jolla, California, USA
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126
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Robert BM, Brindha GR, Santhi B, Kanimozhi G, Prasad NR. Computational models for predicting anticancer drug efficacy: A multi linear regression analysis based on molecular, cellular and clinical data of oral squamous cell carcinoma cohort. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 178:105-112. [PMID: 31416538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The computational prediction of drug responses based on the analysis of multiple clinical features of the tumor will be a novel strategy for accomplishing the long-term goal of precision medicine in oncology. The cancer patients will be benefitted if we computationally account all the tumor characteristics (data) for the selection of most effective and precise therapeutic drug. In this study, we developed and validated few computational models to predict anticancer drug efficacy based on molecular, cellular and clinical features of 31 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cohort using computational methods. METHODS We developed drug efficacy prediction models using multiple tumor features by employing the statistical methods like multi linear regression (MLR), modified MLR-weighted least square (MLR-WLS) and enhanced MLR-WLS. All the three developed drug efficacy prediction models were then validated using the data of actual OSCC samples (train-test ratio 31: 31) and actual Vs hypothetical samples (train-test ratio 31: 30). The selected best statistical model i.e. enhanced MLR-WLS has then been cross-validated (CV) using 341 theoretical tumor data. Finally, the performances of the models were assessed by the level of learning confidence, significance, accuracy and error terms. RESULTS The train-test process for the real tumor samples of MLR-WLS method revealed the drug efficacy prediction enhancement and we observed that there was very less priming difference between actual and predicted. Furthermore, we found there was a less difference between actual apoptotic priming and predicted apoptotic priming for the tumors 6, 8, 21 and 30 whereas, for the remaining tumors there were no differences between predicted and actual priming data. The error terms (Actual Vs Predicted) also revealed the reliability of enhanced MLR-WLS model for drug efficacy prediction. CONCLUSION We developed effective computational prediction models using MLR analysis for anticancer drug efficacy which will be useful in the field of precision medicine to choose the choice of drug in a personalized manner. We observed that the enhanced MLR-WLS model was the best fit to predict anticancer drug efficacy which may have translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaulah Mary Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G R Brindha
- School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - B Santhi
- School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Kanimozhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuramn Gnanambigai Government Arts and Science College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
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127
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Tan Y, Cao K, Ren G, Qin Z, Zhao D, Li N, Chen X, Xia Y, Lu Y. Effects of the ABCB1 and ABCG2 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of afatinib in healthy Chinese volunteers. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:237-243. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1610585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangna Cao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghui Ren
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiying Qin
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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128
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Hitchings R, Kelly L. Predicting and Understanding the Human Microbiome's Impact on Pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:495-505. [PMID: 31171383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our bodies each possess a unique and dynamic collection of microbes and viruses, collectively the 'microbiome', with distinct metabolic capacities from our human cells. Unforeseen modification of drugs by the microbiome can drastically alter their clinical effectiveness, with the most dramatic cases leading to fatal drug interactions. Pharmaceuticals can be activated, deactivated, toxified, or release metabolites that alter the 'canonical' pharmacokinetics of the drug. Thus, predicting and characterizing microbe-drug interactions is necessary to develop and implement personalized drug administration protocols and, more broadly, to improve drug safety and efficacy. In this review, we focus on microbiome-driven alterations to drug pharmacokinetics and provide a research framework for pharmacologists interested in characterizing microbiome interactions with any drug of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reese Hitchings
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA.
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129
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Banda CG, Chaponda M, Mukaka M, Mulenga M, Hachizovu S, Kabuya JB, Mulenga J, Sikalima J, Kalilani-Phiri L, Terlouw DJ, Khoo SH, Lalloo DG, Mwapasa V. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine as treatment for Plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria in adult patients on efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: an open label non-randomized interventional trial. Malar J 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31126288 PMCID: PMC6534937 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) require treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) when infected with malaria. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most commonly used ACT for treatment of falciparum malaria in Africa but there is limited evidence on the safety and efficacy of AL in HIV-infected individuals on ART, among whom drug-drug interactions are expected. Day-42 adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) and incidence of adverse events was assessed in HIV-infected individuals on efavirenz-based ART with uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with AL. METHODS A prospective, open label, non-randomized, interventional clinical trial was conducted at St Paul's Hospital in northern Zambia, involving 152 patients aged 15-65 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, who were on efavirenz-based ART. They received a 3-day directly observed standard treatment of AL and were followed up until day 63. Day-42 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-corrected ACPRs (95% confidence interval [CI]) were calculated for the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Enrolled patients had a baseline geometric mean (95% CI) parasite density of 1108 (841-1463) parasites/µL; 16.4% (25/152) of the participants had a recurrent malaria episode by day 42. However, PCR data was available for 17 out of the 25 patients who had malaria recurrence. Among all the 17 patients, PCR findings demonstrated malaria re-infection, making the PCR-adjusted day-42 ACPR 100% in the 144 patients who could be evaluated. Even when eight patients with missing PCR data were considered very conservatively as failures, the day-42 ACPR was over 94%. None of the participants, disease or treatment characteristics, including day-7 lumefantrine concentrations, predicted the risk of malaria recurrence by day 42. AL was well tolerated following administration. There were only two cases of grade 3 neutropaenia and one serious adverse event of lobar pneumonia, none of which was judged as probably related to intake of AL. CONCLUSIONS AL was well tolerated and efficacious in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in HIV co-infected adults on efavirenz-based ART. However, a higher than anticipated proportion of participants experienced malaria re-infection, which highlights the need for additional malaria prevention measures in this sub-population after treatment with AL. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR): PACTR201311000659400. Registered on 4 October 2013. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Banda
- University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | | | - Mavuto Mukaka
- University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay Sikalima
- Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia
| | | | - Dianne J Terlouw
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saye H Khoo
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - David G Lalloo
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
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Effects of pharmacokinetics-related genetic polymorphisms on the side effect profile of afatinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 134:1-6. [PMID: 31319966 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) represent the first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Afatinib is a second-generation EGFR-TKI with excellent therapeutic effects. However, severe diarrhea and skin disorders are observed at high frequencies, often leading to treatment interruption because of low quality of life (QOL). The relationship between individual variations and the onset of these side effects remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the association among these side effects, pharmacokinetics, and related genetic polymorphisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 33 patients were recruited between July 2014 and June 2017. Afatinib plasma concentrations were measured at day 9 when the concentrations reached a steady state (early phase) and when the prescription dose was stable for more than 1 month (stable phase). We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1), ABCG2, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3. RESULTS The incidences of both diarrhea and acneiform eruption were greater than 80%. Afatinib plasma concentration and the severity of diarrhea in the early phase were correlated. Pharmacokinetics-related genetic polymorphisms influenced the severity of diarrhea. Particularly, the afatinib plasma concentration was higher and diarrhea was more severe in patients carrying the A allele of ABCG2 C421A. Onset of side effects, genetic polymorphisms, and diarrhea in the maintenance phase or acneiform eruption in the early or maintenance phases were not correlated. The severity of diarrhea is influenced by drug plasma concentrations in the early phase and genetic polymorphisms related to afatinib pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION Particular genetic polymorphisms can be screened before afatinib administration and the dose adapted to individual patients can be controlled, leading to reduced side effects, improved QOL, and better patient compliance to maintain the therapeutic effects.
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131
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Dorji PW, Tshering G, Na‐Bangchang K. CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in South‐East and East Asian populations: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:508-524. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palden Wangyel Dorji
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Gyem Tshering
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Kesara Na‐Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Rangsit Center Thammasat University Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
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132
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Genomics and Precision Medicine: Molecular Diagnostics Innovations Shaping the Future of Healthcare in Qatar. ADVANCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/3807032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented developments in genomics research and ancillary technologies are creating the potential for astonishing changes in both the healthcare field and the life sciences sector. The innovative genomics applications include the following: (1) embracing next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical diagnostics setting (applying both whole genome and exome sequencing), (2) single cell sequencing studies, (3) quantifying gene expression changes (including whole transcriptome sequencing), (4) pharmacogenomics, and (5) cell-free DNA blood-based testing. This minireview describes the impact of clinical genomics disruptive innovations on the healthcare system in order to provide better diagnosis and treatment. The observed evolution is not limited to the point-of-care services. Genomics technological breakthroughs are pushing the healthcare environment towards personalized healthcare with the real potential to attain better wellbeing. In this article, we will briefly discuss the Gulf region population-based genome initiatives that intend to improve personalized healthcare by offering better prevention, diagnosis, and therapy for the individual (precision medicine). Qatar’s endeavor in genomics medicine will be underscored including the private Applied Biomedicine Initiative (ABI).
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133
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Camilleri M. Implications of Pharmacogenomics to the Management of IBS. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:584-594. [PMID: 29709540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objectives are to review the role of pharmacogenomics in drug metabolism of medications typically used in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) focusing predominantly on cytochrome P450 metabolism. Other aims are to provide examples of genetic variation of receptors or intermediary pathways that are targets for IBS drugs and to critically appraise the situations where precision medicine is impacting health in IBS. Pharmacogenomics impacts both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Although large clinical trials have not incorporated testing for genetic variations that could impact the efficacy of medications in IBS, there are therapeutic advantages to inclusion of pharmacogenomics testing for individual patients, as has been demonstrated particularly in the treatment with central neuromodulators in psychiatry practice. Clinical practice in IBS is moving in the same direction with the aid of commercially available tests focused on drug metabolism. Specific mechanisms leading to pathophysiology of IBS are still poorly characterized, relative to diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, and, therefore, pharmacogenomics related to drug pharmacodynamics is still in its infancy and requires extensive future research. With increased attention to pharmacogenomics affecting drug metabolism, it is anticipated that pharmacogenomics will impact care of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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134
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Wang Q, Jiang ZP, Yu EQ, Zeng J, Zhu Y, Cai HL, Yan M, Xiang DX, Zhao XL, Xu P, Jiao Z, Banh HL. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetics of imatinib in Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:251-260. [PMID: 30767712 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model in Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, and to quantify the effects of pharmacogenetics on pharmacokinetic parameters of imatinib. Methods: A total of 229 plasma concentrations from 170 patients were analyzed. Nonlinear mixed effect model was used to establish the PPK model. Results: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination adequately describes imatinib pharmacokinetics. Actual bodyweight shows slight effect on the estimated apparent clearance (CL/F) of imatinib in this study population. The final PPK model is: Ka (1/h) = 0.329; CL/F (l/h) = 9.25 × (actual bodyweight/70)0.228; V/F(l) = 222. Conclusion: Actual bodyweight has a slight effect on CL/F. Demographics, physiopathology and pharmacogenetics covariates have no significant effects on imatinib pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Jiang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Er-Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Education & Research, Ningbo Medical Center, Li Huili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Hua-Lin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Xie-Lan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Hoan Linh Banh
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry/Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, 6-10 University Terrace, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada
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Jarvis JP, Peter AP, Shaman JA. Consequences of CYP2D6 Copy-Number Variation for Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:432. [PMID: 31281270 PMCID: PMC6595891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics represents a potentially powerful enhancement to the current standard of care for psychiatric patients. However, a variety of biological and technical challenges must be addressed in order to provide adequate clinical decision support for personalized prescribing and dosing based on genomic data. This is particularly true in the case of CYP2D6, a key drug-metabolizing gene, which not only harbors multiple genetic variants known to affect enzyme function but also shows a broad range of copy-number and hybrid alleles in various patient populations. Here, we describe several challenges in the accurate measurement and interpretation of data from the CYP2D6 locus including the clinical consequences of increased copy number. We discuss best practices for overcoming these challenges and then explore various current and future applications of pharmacogenomic analysis of CYP2D6 in psychiatry.
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136
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Strojny B, Sawosz E, Grodzik M, Jaworski S, Szczepaniak J, Sosnowska M, Wierzbicki M, Kutwin M, Orlińska S, Chwalibog A. Nanostructures of diamond, graphene oxide and graphite inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes and downregulate their genes in liver cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8561-8575. [PMID: 30587978 PMCID: PMC6300366 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Currently, carbon nanostructures are vastly explored materials with potential for future employment in biomedicine. The possibility of employment of diamond nanoparticles (DN), graphene oxide (GO) or graphite nanoparticles (GN) for in vivo applications raises a question of their safety. Even though they do not induce a direct toxic effect, due to their unique properties, they can still interact with molecular pathways. The objective of this study was to assess if DN, GO and GN affect three isoforms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely, CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, expressed in the liver. METHODS Dose-dependent effect of the DN, GO and GN nanostructures on the catalytic activity of CYPs was examined using microsome-based model. Cytotoxicity of DN, GO and GN, as well as the influence of the nanostructures on mRNA expression of CYP genes and CYP-associated receptor genes were studied in vitro using HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. RESULTS All three nanostructures interacted with the CYP enzymes and inhibited their catalytic activity in microsomal-based models. CYP gene expression at the mRNA level was also downregulated in HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. Among the three nanostructures, GO showed the most significant influence on the enzymes, while DN was the most inert. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that DN, GO and GN might interfere with xenobiotic and drug metabolism in the liver by interactions with CYP isoenzymes responsible for the process. Such results should be considered if DN, GO and GN are used in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orlińska
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,
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137
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Ram M. R, Teh X, Rajakumar T, Goh KL, Leow AHR, Poh BH, Mariappan V, Shankar EM, Loke MF, Vadivelu J. Polymorphisms in the host CYP2C19 gene and antibiotic-resistance attributes ofHelicobacter pyloriisolates influence the outcome of triple therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 74:11-16. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Ram M.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Xinsheng Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tamayanthi Rajakumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alex Hwong Ruey Leow
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bee Hoon Poh
- BP Diagnostic Centre Sdn Bhd, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Division of Infection Biology and Medical Microbiology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, India
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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138
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Sanghera DK, Bejar C, Sapkota B, Wander GS, Ralhan S. Frequencies of poor metabolizer alleles of 12 pharmacogenomic actionable genes in Punjabi Sikhs of Indian Origin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15742. [PMID: 30356105 PMCID: PMC6200732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity in drug response is attributed to both genetic and non-genetic factors. However, there is paucity of pharmacogenetics information across ethnically and genetically diverse populations of India. Here, we have analyzed 21 SNPs from 12 pharmacogenomics genes in Punjabi Sikhs of Indian origin (N = 1,616), as part of the Sikh Diabetes Study (SDS). We compared the allele frequency of poor metabolism (PM) phenotype among Sikhs across other major global populations from the Exome Aggregation Consortium and 1000 Genomes. The PM phenotype of CYP1A2*1 F for slow metabolism of caffeine and carcinogens was significantly higher in Indians (SDS 42%, GIH [Gujarati] 51%, SAS [Pakistani] 45%) compared to Europeans 29% (pgenotype = 5.3E-05). Similarly, South Asians had a significantly higher frequency of CYP2C9*3 (12% SDS, 13% GIH, 11% SAS) vs. 7% in Europeans (pgenotype = <1.0E-05) and ‘T’ allele of CYP4F2 (36%) SDS, (43%) GIH, 40% (SAS) vs. (29%) in Europeans (pgenotype = <1.0E-05); both associated with a higher risk of bleeding with warfarin. All South Asians –the Sikhs (0.36), GIH (0.34), and SAS (0.36) had a higher frequency of the NAT2*6 allele (linked with slow acetylation of isoniazid) compared to Europeans (0.29). Additionally, the prevalence of the low activity ‘C’ allele of MTHFR (rs1801131) was highest in Sikhs compared to all other ethnic groups [SDS (44%), GIH (39%), SAS (42%) and European (32%) (pgenotype = <1.0E-05)]. SNPs in MTHFR affect metabolism of statins, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate-based cancer drugs. These findings underscore the need for evaluation of other endogamous ethnic groups of India and beyond for establishing a global benchmark for pre-emptive genotyping in drug metabolizing genes before beginning therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bishwa Sapkota
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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139
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Ahmed S, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Chen SQ. Genetic Polymorphisms and In Silico Mutagenesis Analyses of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYPOR Genes in the Pakistani Population. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E514. [PMID: 30360443 PMCID: PMC6211126 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse distributions of pharmacogenetically relevant variants of highly polymorphic CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYPOR genes are responsible for some varied drug responses observed across human populations. There is limited data available regarding the pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and frequency distributions of major allele variants in the Pakistani population. The present in silico mutagenesis study conducted on genotype pharmacogenetic variants and comparative analysis with a global population aims to extend the currently limited pharmacogenetic available evidence for the indigenous Pakistani population. Extracted genomic DNA from 244 healthy individuals' venous blood samples were amplified for distinct variant loci in the CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYPOR genes. Two-way sequencing results were compared with standard PubMed data and sequence variant loci confirmed by Chromas. This study revealed significant variations in CYP2C9 (rs1799853, rs1057910 and rs72558189), CYP2D6 (rs16947 and rs1135840), and CYPOR (rs1057868, rs781919285 and rs562750402) variants in intraethnic and interethnic frequency distributions. In silico mutagenesis and three-dimensional protein structural alignment analysis approaches clearly exposed the possible varied impact of rare CYPOR (rs781919285 and rs562750402) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and confirmed that the influences of CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 variants are consistent with what was found in earlier studies. This investigation highlighted the need to study pharmacogenetic relevance loci and documentation since evidence could be utilized to elucidate genetic backgrounds of drug metabolism, and provide a basis for future pharmacogenomic studies and adequate dose adjustments in Pakistani and global populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- International Center for Precision Medicine, Zhejiang California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is a tool for practitioners to provide precision pharmacotherapy using genomics. All providers are likely to encounter genomic data in practice with the expectation that they are able to successfully apply it to patient care. Pharmacogenomics tests for genetic variations in genes that are responsible for drug metabolism, transport, and targets of drug action. Variations can increase the risk for drug toxicity or poor efficacy. Pharmacogenomics can, therefore, be used to help select the best medication or aid in dosing. Nephrologists routinely treat cardiovascular disease and manage patients after kidney transplantation, two situations for which there are several high-evidence clinical recommendations for commonly used anticoagulants, antiplatelets, statins, and transplant medications. Successful use of pharmacogenomics in practice requires that providers are familiar with how to access and use pharmacogenomics resources. Similarly, clinical decision making related to whether to use existing data, whether to order testing, and if data should be used in practice is needed to deliver precision medicine. Pharmacogenomics is applicable to virtually every medical specialty, and nephrologists are well positioned to be implementation leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip E. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, and
- Institute and of Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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De T, Park CS, Perera MA. Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics: Does It Matter If You're Black or White? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 59:577-603. [PMID: 30296897 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Race and ancestry have long been associated with differential risk and outcomes to disease as well as responses to medications. These differences in drug response are multifactorial with some portion associated with genomic variation. The field of pharmacogenomics aims to predict drug response in patients prior to medication administration and to uncover the biological underpinnings of drug response. The field of human genetics has long recognized that genetic variation differs in frequency between ancestral populations, with some single nucleotide polymorphisms found solely in one population. Thus far, most pharmacogenomic studies have focused on individuals of European and East Asian ancestry, resulting in a substantial disparity in the clinical utility of genetic prediction for drug response in US minority populations. In this review, we discuss the genetic factors that underlie variability to drug response and known pharmacogenomic associations and how these differ between populations, with an emphasis on the current knowledge in cardiovascular pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima De
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - C Sehwan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
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Piñero J, Gonzalez-Perez A, Guney E, Aguirre-Plans J, Sanz F, Oliva B, Furlong LI. Network, Transcriptomic and Genomic Features Differentiate Genes Relevant for Drug Response. Front Genet 2018; 9:412. [PMID: 30319692 PMCID: PMC6168038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying drug therapeutic action and toxicity is crucial for the prevention and management of drug adverse reactions, and paves the way for a more efficient and rational drug design. The characterization of drug targets, drug metabolism proteins, and proteins associated to side effects according to their expression patterns, their tolerance to genomic variation and their role in cellular networks, is a necessary step in this direction. In this contribution, we hypothesize that different classes of proteins involved in the therapeutic effect of drugs and in their adverse effects have distinctive transcriptomics, genomics and network features. We explored the properties of these proteins within global and organ-specific interactomes, using multi-scale network features, evaluated their gene expression profiles in different organs and tissues, and assessed their tolerance to loss-of-function variants leveraging data from 60K subjects. We found that drug targets that mediate side effects are more central in cellular networks, more intolerant to loss-of-function variation, and show a wider breadth of tissue expression than targets not mediating side effects. In contrast, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are less central in the interactome, more tolerant to deleterious variants, and are more constrained in their tissue expression pattern. Our findings highlight distinctive features of proteins related to drug action, which could be applied to prioritize drugs with fewer probabilities of causing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Piñero
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emre Guney
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Aguirre-Plans
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Race and precision medicine: is it time for an upgrade? THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:1-4. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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144
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Ng Tsai HO, Goh JJN, Aw JWX, Lin Y, Fong AYY, Tiong LL, Tan DSY. Comparison of rivaroxaban concentrations between Asians and Caucasians and their correlation with PT/INR. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 46:541-548. [PMID: 30155672 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to compare steady-state trough (Cmin,ss) and peak (Cmax,ss) concentrations of rivaroxaban between Asians and Caucasians and to evaluate the relationship between rivaroxaban concentrations and prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR). Recruited patients were advised on the time to take rivaroxaban. Cmin,ss and PT/INR were taken when patients arrived. Cmax,ss and PT/INR were drawn between 2 and 4 h later after the patient took rivaroxaban with food. Thirty patients were included in the analyses: 57% (n = 17) males and 43% (n = 13) females, 77% (n = 23) on 20 mg and 23% (n = 7) on 15 mg. Median PTtrough and PTpeak are moderately correlated with Cmin,ss (r2 = 0.43) and Cmax,ss (r2 = 0.49), respectively. Patients on 15 mg have lower Cmin,ss and Cmax,ss versus Caucasians [12 ng/ml vs. 57 ng/ml (Cmin,ss); 87 ng/ml vs. 229 ng/ml (Cmax,ss), p < 0.01 for both]. Patients on 20 mg also have lower Cmin,ss and Cmax,ss versus Caucasians [14 ng/ml vs. 44 ng/ml (Cmin,ss); 101 ng/ml vs. 249 ng/ml (Cmax,ss), p < 0.01 for both]. Subgroup analysis shows patients with BMI ≥ 30 have lower Cmax,ss than patients with BMI < 30 [80.47 ng/ml vs. 124 (p = 0.014)]. Cmin,ss and Cmax,ss were lower in Singaporeans than Caucasians. This may have an impact on the effectiveness of rivaroxaban in Singaporeans. Patients with higher BMI may not benefit similarly as patients with lower BMI. Lastly, the Dade Innovin reagent's measure of PT/INR is not sensitive towards changes in rivaroxaban concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobart Owen Ng Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore.
| | - Janice Jia Ni Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Jernice Wan Xin Aw
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Alan Yean Yip Fong
- Consultant Cardiologist, Sarawak Heart Centre, Kuching - Samarahan Expressway, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.,Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lee Len Tiong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Doreen Su-Yin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
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145
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UGT1A1 polymorphisms associated with prolactin response in risperidone-treated children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:740-748. [PMID: 29955115 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) polymorphisms with the risperidone-induced prolactin response using an overlapping gene model between serum prolactin level and hyperprolactinemia in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. Eighty-four ASD patients who were receiving risperidone for at least 1 month were recruited and then assigned to either the normal prolactin group or the hyperprolactinemia group based on their serum prolactin level. The genotype profile of 1936 (1931 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5 copy number variation (CNVs) drug metabolism markers was obtained using the Affymetrix DMET Plus GeneChip microarray platform. Genotypes of SNPs used to test the accuracy of DMET genotype profiling were determined using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay kits. Eighty-four patients were selected for the allelic association study after microarray analyses (51 in the normal prolactin group, and 33 in the hyperprolactinemia group). An overlapping allelic association analysis of both analyses discovered five DMET SNPs with a suggestive association (P < 0.05) with risperidone-induced prolactin response. Three UGT1A1 SNPs (UGT1A1*80c.-364C > T, UGT1A1*93 c.-3156G > A, and UGT1A1 c.-2950A > G, showed a suggestive association with the risperidone-induced prolactin response and found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (D' value of 1). In this DMET microarray platform, we found three UGT1A1 variants with suggestive evidences of association with the risperidone-induced prolactin response both measured by hyperprolactinemia and by prolactin level. However, due to the lack of validation studies confirmation and further exploration are needed in future pharmacogenomic studies.
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146
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Chedik L, Bruyere A, Bacle A, Potin S, Le Vée M, Fardel O. Interactions of pesticides with membrane drug transporters: implications for toxicokinetics and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:739-752. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1487398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Bacle
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Potin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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147
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Adam de Beaumais T, Jacqz-Aigrain E. Pharmacogenetics: Applications to Pediatric Patients. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2018; 83:191-215. [PMID: 29801575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individual genomic differences may affect drug disposition and effects of many drugs, and identification of biomarkers are crucial to personalize dosage and optimize response. In children, developmental changes associated with growth and maturation translate into different relationships between genotype and phenotype and different responses to treatment compared to adults. This review aims to summarize some developmental aspects of pharmacogenetics, based on practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Adam de Beaumais
- Department of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- Department of Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center CIC1426, INSERM, Paris, France.
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148
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Ma L, Liang Z, Zhou H, Qu L. Applications of RNA Indexes for Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:108-119. [PMID: 29753129 PMCID: PMC6112337 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology aims to offer the most appropriate treatments to cancer patients mainly based on their individual genetic information. Genomics has provided numerous valuable data on driver mutations and risk loci; however, it remains a formidable challenge to transform these data into therapeutic agents. Transcriptomics describes the multifarious expression patterns of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which facilitates the deciphering of genomic codes. In this review, we take breast cancer as an example to demonstrate the applications of these rich RNA resources in precision medicine exploration. These include the use of mRNA profiles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtyping to inform corresponding candidate targeted therapies; current advancements and achievements of high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening technologies in breast cancer; and microRNAs as functional signatures for defining cell identities and regulating the biological activities of breast cancer cells. We summarize the benefits of transcriptomic analyses in breast cancer management and propose that unscrambling the core signaling networks of cancer may be an important task of multiple-omic data integration for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zirui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lianghu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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149
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Ordelheide AM, Hrabě de Angelis M, Häring HU, Staiger H. Pharmacogenetics of oral antidiabetic therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:577-587. [PMID: 29580198 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes prevalence is still on the rise worldwide. Antidiabetic drugs are widely prescribed to patients with Type 2 diabetes. Most patients start with metformin which is mostly well tolerated. However, a high percentage of patients fail to achieve glycemic control. The effectiveness of metformin as well as most other antidiabetic drugs depends among other factors on interindividual genetic differences that are up to now ignored in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, many genes influencing the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs are Type 2 diabetes risk genes making matters worse. Here, we shed light on these interindividual genetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Ordelheide
- Institute for Diabetes Research & Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research & Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology & Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics & PharmaResearch at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research & Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics & PharmaResearch at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
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150
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Bhagyaraj E, Tiwari D, Ahuja N, Nanduri R, Saini A, Kalra R, Kumar S, Janmeja AK, Gupta P. A human xenobiotic nuclear receptor contributes to nonresponsiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the antituberculosis drug rifampicin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3747-3757. [PMID: 29358328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). It acquires phenotypic drug resistance inside macrophages, and this resistance mainly arises from host-induced stress. However, whether cellular drug-efflux mechanisms in macrophages contribute to nonresponsiveness of M. tuberculosis to anti-TB drugs is unclear. Here, we report that xenobiotic nuclear receptors mediate TB drug nonresponsiveness by modulating drug-efflux transporters in macrophages. This was evident from expression analysis of drug-efflux transporters in macrophages isolated from TB patients. Among patients harboring rifampicin-susceptible M. tuberculosis, we observed increased intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis upon rifampicin treatment of macrophages isolated from patients not responding to anti-TB drugs compared with macrophages from patients who did respond. Of note, M. tuberculosis infection and rifampicin exposure synergistically modulated macrophage drug-efflux transporters in vitro We also found that the xenobiotic nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) modulates macrophage drug-efflux transporter expression and activity, which compromised the anti-TB efficacy of rifampicin. We further validated this finding in a TB mouse model in which use of the PXR antagonist ketoconazole rescued rifampicin anti-TB activity. We conclude that PXR activation in macrophages compromises the efficacy of the anti-TB drug rifampicin. Alternative therapeutic strategies, such as use of the rifampicin derivatives rifapentine and rifabutin, which do not activate PXR, or of a PXR antagonist, may be effective for tackling drug nonresponsiveness of M. tuberculosis that arises from drug-efflux systems of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Ankita Saini
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Sumit Kumar
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | | | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
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