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Zhu Y, Duan S, Wang M, Deng Z, Li J. Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906755. [PMID: 35646918 PMCID: PMC9130600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
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Abstract
Immunity could be viewed as the common factor in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The immune and nervous systems coevolve as the embryo develops. Immunity can release cytokines that activate MAPK signaling in neural cells. In specific embryonic brain cell types, dysregulated signaling that results from germline or embryonic mutations can promote changes in chromatin organization and gene accessibility, and thus expression levels of essential genes in neurodevelopment. In cancer, dysregulated signaling can emerge from sporadic somatic mutations during human life. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer share similarities. In neurodevelopmental disorders, immunity, and cancer, there appears an almost invariable involvement of small GTPases (e.g., Ras, RhoA, and Rac) and their pathways. TLRs, IL-1, GIT1, and FGFR signaling pathways, all can be dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Although there are signaling similarities, decisive differentiating factors are timing windows, and cell type specific perturbation levels, pointing to chromatin reorganization. Finally, we discuss drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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103
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Dash S, Syed YA, Khan MR. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880544. [PMID: 35493075 PMCID: PMC9048050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome coincides with the development of the nervous system in a timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement of the microbiome and its metabolic by-products in regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this early developmental process can negatively impact brain functionality, leading to a range of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In this review, we summarize recent evidence as to how the gut microbiome can influence the process of early human brain development and its association with major neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Further, we discuss how gut microbiome alterations can also play a role in inducing drug resistance in the affected individuals. We propose a model that establishes a direct link of microbiome dysbiosis with the exacerbated inflammatory state, leading to functional brain deficits associated with NPD. Based on the existing research, we discuss a framework whereby early diet intervention can boost mental wellness in the affected subjects and call for further research for a better understanding of mechanisms that govern the gut-brain axis may lead to novel approaches to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Mojibur R. Khan,
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104
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Deficiency of nde1 in zebrafish induces brain inflammatory responses and autism-like behavior. iScience 2022; 25:103876. [PMID: 35243238 PMCID: PMC8861649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein NDE1 plays an important role in chromosome segregation, neural precursor differentiation, and neuronal migration. Clinical studies have shown that NDE1 deficiency is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders including autism. Here, we generated nde1 homologous deficiency zebrafish (nde1−/−) to elucidate the cellular molecular mechanisms behind it. nde1−/− exhibit increased neurological apoptotic responses at early infancy, enlarged ventricles, and shrank valvula cerebelli in adult brain tissue. Behavioral analysis revealed that nde1−/− displayed autism-like behavior traits such as increased locomotor activity and repetitive stereotype behaviors and impaired social and kin recognition behaviors. Furthermore, nde1 mRNA injection rescued apoptosis in early development, and minocycline treatment rescued impaired social behavior and overactive motor activity by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we revealed that nde1 homozygous deletion leads to abnormal neurological development with autism-related behavioral phenotypes and that inflammatory responses in the brain are an important molecular basis behind it. nde1−/− zebrafish display autism-like behavior features nde1 deficiency results in immune responses in the brain Minocycline treatment inhibits immune responses in the adult nde1−/− brain Minocycline rescued the impaired social behavior and locomotor activity
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105
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Yan J, Han VX, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Bandodkar S, Dale RC. Development of a translational inflammation panel for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid Pterin, Tryptophan-Kynurenine and Nitric oxide pathway metabolites. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103917. [PMID: 35279631 PMCID: PMC8914118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammatory diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases with inflammatory components, have demonstrated a need for diagnostic biomarkers to define treatable and reversible neuroinflammation. The development and clinical validation of a targeted translational inflammation panel using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) could provide early diagnosis, rapid treatment and insights into neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Methods An inflammation panel of 13 metabolites (neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, arginine, citrulline and methylhistamine) was measured based on a simple precipitation and filtration method using minimal CSF volume. The chromatographic separation was achieved using the Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column in combination with a gradient elution within a 12-min time frame. Acute encephalitis (n=10; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalitis n=3, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis n=2, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis n=2, herpes simplex encephalitis n=1, enteroviral encephalitis n=1) and frequency-matched non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=10) were examined. Findings The method exhibited good sensitivity as the limits of quantification ranged between 0.75 and 3.00 ng mL−1, good linearity (r2 > 0.99), acceptable matrix effects (<± 19.4%) and high recoveries (89.8-109.1 %). There were no interferences observed from common endogenous CSF metabolites, no carryover and concordance with well-established clinical methods. The accuracy and precision for all analytes were within tolerances, at <± 15 mean relative error and < 15 % coefficient of variation respectively. All analytes in matrix-matched pooled human CSF calibrators and human CSF extracts were stable for 24 h after extraction and two freeze-thaw cycles. Interpretation The method was successfully applied to a pilot study investigating acute brain inflammation case-control groups. Statistical discrimination between encephalitis (n=10) and control groups (n=10) was achieved using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and heatmap cluster analysis. Statistical analysis of the measured metabolites identified significant alterations of seven metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid), arginine and neopterin in presence of acute neuroinflammation. Furthermore, elevated ratios of CSF kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid and anthranilic acid/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid provided strong discriminative power for neuroinflammatory conditions. Studies of large groups of neurological diseases are required to explore the sensitivity and specificity of the inflammation panel. Funding Financial support for the study was granted by Dale NHMRC Investigator grant APP1193648, Petre Foundation, Cerebral Palsy Alliance and Department of Biochemistry at the Children's Hospital at Westmead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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106
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Panisi C, Marini M. Dynamic and Systemic Perspective in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Change of Gaze in Research Opens to A New Landscape of Needs and Solutions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35204013 PMCID: PMC8870276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step for a harmonious bio-psycho-social framework in approaching autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is overcoming the conflict between the biological and the psychosocial perspective. Biological research can provide clues for a correct approach to clinical practice, assuming that it would lead to the conceptualization of a pathogenetic paradigm able to account for epidemiologic and clinical findings. The upward trajectory in ASD prevalence and the systemic involvement of other organs besides the brain suggest that the epigenetic paradigm is the most plausible one. The embryo-fetal period is the crucial window of opportunity for keeping neurodevelopment on the right tracks, suggesting that women's health in pregnancy should be a priority. Maladaptive molecular pathways beginning in utero, in particular, a vicious circle between the immune response, oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbiosis-impact neurodevelopment and brain functioning across the lifespan and are the basis for progressive multisystemic disorders that account for the substantial health loss and the increased mortality in ASD. Therefore, the biological complexity of ASD and its implications for health requires the enhancement of clinical skills on these topics, to achieve an effective multi-disciplinary healthcare model. Well-balanced training courses could be a promising starting point to make a change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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107
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Fenizia C, Cetin I, Mileto D, Vanetti C, Saulle I, Di Giminiani M, Saresella M, Parisi F, Trabattoni D, Clerici M, Biasin M, Savasi V. Pregnant Women Develop a Specific Immunological Long-Lived Memory Against SARS-COV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827889. [PMID: 35251011 PMCID: PMC8889908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pregnancy induces deep changes in the immune system. This is part of the physiological adaptation of the female organism to the pregnancy and the immunological tolerance toward the fetus. Indeed, over the three trimesters, the suppressive T regulatory lymphocytes are progressively more represented, while the expression of co-stimulatory molecules decreases overtime. Such adaptations relate to an increased risk of infections and progression to severe disease in pregnant women, potentially resulting in an altered generation of long-lived specific immunological memory of infection contracted during pregnancy. How potent is the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected pregnant women and how long the specific SARS-CoV-2 immunity might last need to be urgently addressed, especially considering the current vaccinal campaign. To address these questions, we analyzed the long-term immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women from delivery to a six-months follow-up. In particular, we investigated the specific antibody production, T cell memory subsets, and inflammation profile. Results show that 80% developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response, comparable with the general population. While IgG were present only in 50% of the asymptomatic subjects, the antibody production was elicited by infection in all the mild-to-critical patients. The specific T-cell memory subsets rebalanced over-time, and the pro-inflammatory profile triggered by specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation faded away. These results shed light on SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in pregnant women; understanding the immunological dynamics of the immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for defining proper obstetric management of pregnant women and fine tune gender-specific vaccinal plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli‐Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mileto
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bio-emergence Diagnosis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Vanetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irma Saulle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Di Giminiani
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
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108
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Marx W, Thomson S, O'Hely M, Symeonides C, Collier F, Tang MLK, Loughman A, Burgner D, Saffery R, Pham C, Mansell T, Sly PD, Vuillermin P, Ranganathan S, Ponsonby AL. Maternal inflammatory and omega-3 fatty acid pathways mediate the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and childhood cognition. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:211-218. [PMID: 34896180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor cognitive outcomes in early childhood predict poor educational outcomes and diminished health over the life course. We sought to investigate (i) whether maternal metabolites predict child cognition, and (ii) if maternal metabolomic profile mediates the relationship between environmental exposures and child cognition. Metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics in pregnant women from a population-derived birth cohort. Child cognition was measured at age 2 years. In 662 mother-child pairs, elevated inflammatory markers (β = -2.62; 95% CI -4.10, -1.15; P = 0.0005) and lower omega-3 fatty acid-related metabolites (β = 0.49; 95% CI 0.09, 0.88; P = 0.02) in the mother were associated with lower child cognition and partially mediated the association between lower child cognition and multiple risk factors common to socioeconomic disadvantage. Modifying maternal prenatal metabolic pathways related to inflammation and omega-3 fatty acids may offset the adverse associations between prenatal risk factors related to socioeconomic disadvantage and low child cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Minderoo Foundation, Perth, VIC 6000, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy Pham
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Barwon Health, Bellerine St, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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109
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Bach AM, Xie W, Piazzoli L, Jensen SKG, Afreen S, Haque R, Petri WA, Nelson CA. Systemic inflammation during the first year of life is associated with brain functional connectivity and future cognitive outcomes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101041. [PMID: 34973509 PMCID: PMC8728426 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first years of life are a sensitive period of rapid neural and immune system development vulnerable to the impact of adverse experiences. Several studies support inflammation as a consequence of various adversities and an exposure negatively associated with developmental outcomes. The mechanism by which systemic inflammation may affect brain development and later cognitive outcomes remains unclear. In this longitudinal cohort study, we examine the associations between recurrent systemic inflammation, defined as C-reactive protein elevation on ≥ 2 of 4 measurements across the first year of life, electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) at 36 months, and composite cognitive outcomes at 3, 4, and 5 years among 122 children living in a limited-resource setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Recurrent systemic inflammation during the first year of life is significantly negatively associated with cognitive outcomes at 3, 4, and 5 years, after accounting for stunting and family care indicators (a measure of stimulation in the home environment). Recurrent systemic inflammation is significantly positively associated with parietal-occipital FC in the Beta band at 36 months, which in turn is significantly negatively associated with composite cognitive scores at 3 and 4 years. However, FC does not mediate the relationship between recurrent systemic inflammation and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bach
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Wanze Xie
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Laura Piazzoli
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Sajia Afreen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Labs of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA.
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110
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Kong L, Chen X, Liang Y, Forsell Y, Gissler M, Lavebratt C. Association of Preeclampsia and Perinatal Complications With Offspring Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2145719. [PMID: 35089349 PMCID: PMC8800079 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maternal preeclampsia has been reported to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability in offspring. However, the association between maternal preeclampsia combined with perinatal complications and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring is less well documented. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal preeclampsia, separately and together with perinatal complications, with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study used data from nationwide registries in Finland to assess all singleton live births (N = 1 012 723) between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2014. Offspring were followed up until December 31, 2018 (when the oldest reached age 22 years). Exclusion criteria were maternal inpatient psychiatric diagnoses and pregestational diabetes. The study and data analysis were conducted from May 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. EXPOSURES Preeclampsia and perinatal complications (delivery earlier than 34 weeks' gestation and/or small for gestational age). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses and dispensation of psychotropic drugs among offspring until December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the associations. RESULTS Of 1 012 723 singleton live births (51.1% boys; mean [SD] maternal age at birth, 30.0 [5.4] years; specific data on race and ethnicity were not available in the data set), 21 010 children (2.1%) were exposed to preeclampsia alone, 33 625 children (3.3%) were exposed to perinatal complications alone, and 4891 children (0.5%) were exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications. A total of 93 281 children (9.2%) were diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. Offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications had an increased risk of any neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder after adjusting for potential confounding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.11; 95% CI, 1.96-2.26) compared with those not exposed to either preeclampsia or perinatal complications; this risk was higher than exposure to either preeclampsia alone (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.23) or perinatal complications alone (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.72-1.82). Sibling pair analyses did not detect any increase in the risk of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders after exposure to preeclampsia alone, but offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications had increased risks of intellectual disabilities (aHR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.05-10.06), specific developmental disorders (aHR, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.35-5.41), ADHD and conduct disorders (aHR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.09-5.39), and other behavioral and emotional disorders (aHR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.17-5.13). The risk estimates for specific developmental disorders (aHR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.60-3.05) and ADHD and conduct disorders (aHR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.65-2.14) were higher among offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications compared with those exposed to perinatal complications alone (aHR, 2.26 [95% CI, 2.18-2.33] and 1.60 [95% CI, 1.52-1.68], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, exposure to both maternal preeclampsia and perinatal complications was associated with intellectual disabilities, specific developmental disorders, ADHD and conduct disorders, and other behavioral and emotional disorders in offspring. For specific developmental disorders and ADHD and conduct disorders, the risk estimates were higher among offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications compared with those exposed to perinatal complications only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinxia Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Information Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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111
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Erbescu A, Papuc SM, Budisteanu M, Arghir A, Neagu M. Re-emerging concepts of immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1006612. [PMID: 36339838 PMCID: PMC9626859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1006612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by communication and social interaction deficits, and by restricted interests and stereotyped, repetitive behavior patterns. ASD has a strong genetic component and a complex architecture characterized by the interplay of rare and common genetic variants. Recently, increasing evidence suggest a significant contribution of immune system dysregulation in ASD. The present paper reviews the latest updates regarding the altered immune landscape of this complex disorder highlighting areas with potential for biomarkers discovery as well as personalization of therapeutic approaches. Cross-talk between the central nervous system and immune system has long been envisaged and recent evidence brings insights into the pathways connecting the brain to the immune system. Disturbance of cytokine levels plays an important role in the establishment of a neuroinflammatory milieu in ASD. Several other immune molecules involved in antigen presentation and inflammatory cellular phenotypes are also at play in ASD. Maternal immune activation, the presence of brain-reactive antibodies and autoimmunity are other potential prenatal and postnatal contributors to ASD pathophysiology. The molecular players involved in oxidative-stress response and mitochondrial system function, are discussed as contributors to the pro-inflammatory pattern. The gastrointestinal inflammation pathways proposed to play a role in ASD are also discussed. Moreover, the body of evidence regarding some of the genetic factors linked to the immune system dysregulation is reviewed and discussed. Last, but not least, the epigenetic traits and their interactions with the immune system are reviewed as an expanding field in ASD research. Understanding the immune-mediated pathways that influence brain development and function, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis, may lead to the identification of robust diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for ASD individuals. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches could be developed, ultimately aiming to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Erbescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Arghir
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Serra M, Presicci A, Quaranta L, Achille M, Caputo E, Medicamento S, Margari F, Croce F, Margari L. Associations of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 with Depression in a Sample of Italian Adolescents During COVID-19 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1287-1297. [PMID: 35795592 PMCID: PMC9250896 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s362536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies highlighted the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression, although not for every patient nor for every symptom. It is widely shared that stressors can increase inflammation and lead to depressive symptoms. Little is known about the symptom-specificity of the inflammation-depression link in adolescence, which we aimed to explore. The single symptom analysis is a core feature of the recent network approach to depression, supposing that psychiatric disorders consist of co-occurring symptoms and their tendency to cause each other. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 52 adolescents diagnosed with a Depressive Disorder during the COVID-19 stressful period. We used regression analysis to measure associations between high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and depressive symptoms assessed by the Children's Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2). For the study of symptom specificity, we selected 13 items from the CDI 2 Self Report corresponding with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder and we coded them as dichotomous variables to perform a regression analysis. RESULTS We found that a higher CDI 2-Parent Version total score was significantly predicted by higher hs-CRP (coefficient 3.393; p 0.0128) and IL-6 (coefficient 3.128; p 0.0398). The endorsement of the symptom self-hatred, measuring the DSM-5 symptom "feelings of worthlessness", was significantly predicted by hs-CRP (OR 10.97; 95% CI 1.29-93.08; p 0.0282). CONCLUSION A novel symptom-specificity emerged, with hs-CRP significantly predicting the endorsement of the symptom self-hatred, recognized as a core feature of adolescent depression, following the network theory. We considered it a possible phenotypic expression of one depression endophenotype previously causally linked to inflammation. Due to the limited sample size, these preliminary findings require confirmation with future research focusing on the relationship between inflammation and self-hatred and other central nodes of the depression network, representing an opportunity for targeting interventions on crucial symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serra
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Presicci
- Department of Neuroscience, Sense Organs and Locomotor System, University Hospital "Policlinico", Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Quaranta
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mariaclara Achille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elvita Caputo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Medicamento
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Margari
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Croce
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Ouyang L, Li D, Li Z, Ma X, Yuan L, Fan L, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li C, He Y, Chen X. IL-17 and TNF-β: Predictive biomarkers for transition to psychosis in ultra-high risk individuals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1072380. [PMID: 36590607 PMCID: PMC9800867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of immunity, such as levels of inflammatory factors, has been regarded as a sign of schizophrenia. Changes in cytokine levels are not only described in the early onset of disease, but also observed in ultra-high risk (UHR) individuals. This study aimed to investigate the potential of cytokines as biomarkers for psychotic disorders and in individuals at UHR of developing a psychotic disorder in the future. METHODS The Luminex liquid chip technology was used to detect the concentrations of Interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Interleukin (IL)-2, Interleukin (IL)-4, Interleukin (IL)-6, Interleukin (IL)-17, Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta (TNF-β) in the plasma of all subjects. Meanwhile, the plasma level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) was measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, the levels of these cytokines were compared among patients with Drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES; n = 40), UHR population (UHR; n = 49), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 30). Baseline cytokine levels were compared among UHR individuals who later transitioned (UHR-T; n = 14), those who did not transition (UHR-NT; n = 35), and HCs (n = 30). RESULTS Our analysis results showed that IL-1β levels were significantly higher in UHR group than HC group (p = 0.015). Meanwhile, TNF-α concentration was significantly increased in FES group compared with HC group (p = 0.027). IL-17 (p = 0.04) and TNF-β (p = 0.008) levels were significantly higher in UHR-T group compared with UHR-NT group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that the immuno-inflammatory activation level is increased in the early stage of psychosis before psychotic conversion and the Drug-naïve FES. IL-1β and TNF-α are the representatives of the specific biomarkers for UHR and FES, respectively. IL-17 and TNF-β may be the potential selective predictive biomarkers for future transition in UHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenmei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunwang Li
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
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114
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Yang JH, Strodl E, Wu CA, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun DL, Xian DX, Chen JY, Chen YJ, Chen J, Chen WQ. Association between prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution and autistic-like behaviors among preschool children. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12953. [PMID: 34738663 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution is a recognized risk factor for a range of negative health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution and the presence of autistic-like behaviors among preschool children. Data were obtained from the Longhua Child Cohort Study in 2017, in which we enrolled a total of 65 317 preschool children. Associations between maternal exposure to four sources of indoor air pollution (e.g., cooking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), mosquito coils, and home decoration) during pregnancy and preschool children's autistic traits were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Our results showed that maternal exposure to indoor air pollution from four different sources during pregnancy was associated with the presence of children's autistic-like behaviors. There was dose-response relationship between the accumulative exposure to the four different indoor air pollution sources and the risk of autistic-like behaviors. Furthermore, we found a significant additive interaction between prenatal exposure to both cooking and mosquito coil incense on the risk of autistic-like behaviors. Maternal prenatal exposure to the indoor air pollution from four sources might increase with the risk of autistic-like behaviors being present among preschool children, with an additive interaction effect between some pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Min Wen
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deng-Li Sun
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Xia Xian
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Information Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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115
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Wang S, Chen L, Ran H, Che Y, Fang D, Sun H, Peng J, Liang X, Xiao Y. Depression and anxiety among children and adolescents pre and post COVID-19: A comparative meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:917552. [PMID: 35990058 PMCID: PMC9381924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published studies in comparing pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic depression and anxiety levels among children and adolescents yielded incongruent results. Therefore, there is a necessity to perform a timely meta-analysis to synthesize existing evidence. METHODS A total of 10 digital databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CNKI, WanFang, CQVIP) were fully searched for eligible studies published before November 6, 2021. Based on quality assessment results, relevant data were extracted for eligible studies of higher quality. We combined standardized mean difference (SMD) or prevalence ratio (RR) for anxiety and depression pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic by using random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis was further performed to evaluate heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS 14,508 articles were preliminarily identified, and after stepwise screening process, 8 articles were included eventually. The results showed that the SMD for post COVID-19 anxiety score measured by GAD-7 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.17), an significant increase compared with pre COVID-19 period; the SMDs and 95% CIs for post COVID-18 depression scores measured by PHQ-9, PHQ-8, and MFQ were 0.17 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.24), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.38), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.17), respectively, also significantly increased compared with pre COVID-19 period. The RR for depression was 2.54 (95% CI: 2.48, 2.60) in post COVID-19 period when compared with pre-pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents reported deteriorated anxiety and depression levels after the COVID-19 pandemic. More attention should be paid to this vulnerable group. Effective, expedient, and practical intervention measures which are compatible with COVID-19 prevention and control policies should be developed and implemented to maintain mental health wellbeing of the youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hailiang Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yusan Che
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Die Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junwei Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuemeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Depression and psychosis have a developmental component to their origin. Epidemiologic evidence, which we synthesize in this nonsystematic review, suggests that early-life infection, inflammation, and metabolic alterations could play a role in the etiology of these psychiatric disorders. The risk of depression and psychosis is associated with prenatal maternal and childhood infections, which could be mediated by impaired neurodevelopment. Evidence suggests linear dose-response associations between elevated concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers in childhood, particularly the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6, and the risk for depression and psychosis subsequently in early adulthood. Childhood inflammatory markers are also associated with persistence of depressive symptoms subsequently in adolescence and early adulthood. Developmental trajectories reflecting persistently high insulin levels during childhood and adolescence are associated with a higher risk of psychosis in adulthood, whereas increased adiposity during and after puberty is associated with the risk of depression. Together, these findings suggest that higher levels of infection, inflammation, and metabolic alterations commonly seen in people with depression and psychosis could be a cause for, rather than simply a consequence of, these disorders. Therefore, early-life immuno-metabolic alterations, as well as factors influencing these alterations such as adversity or maltreatment, could represent targets for prevention of these psychiatric disorders. Inflammation could also be an important treatment target for depression and psychosis. The field requires further research to examine sensitive periods when exposure to such immuno-metabolic alterations is most harmful. Interventional studies are also needed to test the potential usefulness of targeting early-life immuno-metabolic alterations for preventing adult depression and psychosis.
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117
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Ganguli S, Chavali PL. Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:771557. [PMID: 34858132 PMCID: PMC8631423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.771557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the trophoblast. When they do cross, viruses can cause adverse congenital health conditions for the fetus. In this context, maternal inflammatory responses to these neurotropic pathogens play a significant role in negatively affecting neurodevelopment. For instance, intrauterine inflammation poses an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Severe inflammatory responses have been linked to stillbirths, preterm births, abortions and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of how immune system shapes the landscape of the brain and how different neurotropic viral pathogens evoke inflammatory responses. Finally, we list the consequences of neuroinflammation on fetal brain development and discuss directions for future research and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ganguli
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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118
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Abstract
The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research reveals that cross-talk along the gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the signaling of inflammation across the gut-brain axis. We further highlight interactions between the gut and the brain in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristie B Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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119
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Pittman QJ. Vasopressin and central control of the cardiovascular system: A 40-year retrospective. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13011. [PMID: 34235812 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the 40 years since vasopressin (AVP) was reported to have a central action with respect to raising blood pressure, the finding has been repeatedly replicated using a variety of complimentary approaches. The role of AVP as a central neurotransmitter involved in control of the cardiovascular system is now textbook material. However, it is evident that brain AVP plays, at best, a minor role in regulation of normal blood pressure. However, it appears to be an important player in a several cardiovascular-associated pathologies, ranging from hypertension to neural changes associated with heart failure. There are many interventions that have been shown to affect neural function, many of which are associated with alterations in behaviour. Possible alterations in neuronal AVP actions relevant to cardiovascular control in the setting of chronic inflammatory disease, early-life stress and inflammation are suggested areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ahmed GK, Elbeh K, Gomaa HM, Soliman S. Does COVID-19 infection have an impact on children’s psychological problems? MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8548703 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on children, adolescents, and their families. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of children’s psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association of COVID-19 infection in children and their risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 148 children aged 6–12 years old categorized into 2 groups based on COVID-19 infection history. Participants were assessed by the Socioeconomic Scale and the Checklist for Children’s Behavior (CBCL). Results Children who had COVID-19 had a high percentage of problems regarding family, school, social, financial, and parent problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding CBCL, children who had COVID-19 infection had a higher percentage of clinical rating than the other group regarding withdrawal (11.1% vs. 8.9%), anxious/depressed (33.3% vs. 25%), somatic (11.1% vs. 10.7%), internalizing (61.1% vs. 48.2%), externalizing (38.9% vs. 35.7%), and total problems (50% vs. 44.6%). Family history of psychiatric disorder and the presence of three or more offspring were at high risk for internalizing problems, while those with school problems during pandemic were more vulnerable for internalizing and total problems. Conclusion Children with COVID-19 infection had a higher risk of developing psychological problems, such as withdrawal, anxiety/depression, somatic, internalizing, externalizing, and total problems.
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Zawadzka A, Cieślik M, Adamczyk A. The Role of Maternal Immune Activation in the Pathogenesis of Autism: A Review of the Evidence, Proposed Mechanisms and Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111516. [PMID: 34768946 PMCID: PMC8584025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Increasing lines of evidence suggest an important role for immune dysregulation and/or inflammation in the development of ASD. Recently, a relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in the brain tissue of individuals with ASD. Some recent studies have also reported oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA). This review is focused on the hypothesis that MIA induces microglial activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, a deleterious trio in the brain that can lead to neuroinflammation and neurodevelopmental pathologies in offspring. Infection during pregnancy activates the mother’s immune system to release proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and others. Furthermore, these cytokines can directly cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, or activate resident immune cells, resulting in an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. Proinflammatory cytokines that cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may initiate a neuroinflammation cascade, starting with the activation of the microglia. Inflammatory processes induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that, in turn, may exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle that can lead to downstream abnormalities in brain development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-22-6086420 (M.C.); +48-22-6086572 (A.A.)
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-22-6086420 (M.C.); +48-22-6086572 (A.A.)
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Lee ACC, Cherkerzian S, Olson IE, Ahmed S, Chowdhury NH, Khanam R, Rahman S, Andrews C, Baqui AH, Fawzi W, Inder TE, Nartey S, Nelson CA, Oken E, Sen S, Fichorova R. Maternal Diet, Infection, and Risk of Cord Blood Inflammation in the Bangladesh Projahnmo Pregnancy Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:3792. [PMID: 34836049 PMCID: PMC8623045 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may adversely affect early human brain development. We aimed to assess the role of maternal nutrition and infections on cord blood inflammation. In a pregnancy cohort in Sylhet, Bangladesh, we enrolled 251 consecutive pregnancies resulting in a term livebirth from July 2016-March 2017. Stillbirths, preterm births, and cases of neonatal encephalopathy were excluded. We prospectively collected data on maternal diet (food frequency questionnaire) and morbidity, and analyzed umbilical cord blood for interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and C-reactive protein. We determined associations between nutrition and infection exposures and cord cytokine elevation (≥75% vs. <75%) using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. One-third of mothers were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) at enrollment. Antenatal and intrapartum infections were observed among 4.8% and 15.9% of the sample, respectively. Low pregnancy intakes of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 (folate)), fat-soluble vitamins (D, E), iron, zinc, and linoleic acid (lowest vs. middle tertile) were associated with higher risk of inflammation, particularly IL-8. There was a non-significant trend of increased risk of IL-8 and IL-6 elevation with history of ante-and intrapartum infections, respectively. In Bangladesh, improving micronutrient intake and preventing pregnancy infections are targets to reduce fetal systemic inflammation and associated adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne CC Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
| | - Ingrid E Olson
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (N.H.C.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Rasheda Khanam
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Sayedur Rahman
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (N.H.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Chloe Andrews
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
| | - Stephanie Nartey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.C.); (I.E.O.); (C.A.); (T.E.I.); (S.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
| | - Raina Fichorova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.N.); (E.O.); (R.F.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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O'Connor TG, Ciesla AA. Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:471-479. [PMID: 34688920 PMCID: PMC9021321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) hypothesis is a leading model for understanding prenatal influences on individual differences in, and clinical syndromes of, neurodevelopment. Experimental animal and human research has proliferated in recent years, and there is now a sizable research base. Several meta-analyses demonstrate general support for an association between prenatal immune activation and neurodevelopment in human research. However, questions remain about the nature of the immune activation, the network of underlying mechanisms involved, and the breadth of impact across behavioral phenotypes. Complementing recent reviews of results, the current review places particular emphasis on how advances in understanding mechanisms may be improved with greater attention to addressing the methodological variation and limitations of existing studies, and identifies areas for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester; Department of Psycholog, University of Rochestery; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester; Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester.
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Zhang T, Sun L, Wang T, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhang C, Yu L. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice offspring via promoting HMGB1-NLRP3 axis mediated hippocampal inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112617. [PMID: 34385058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is recently identified as a kind of material possessing severe biohazard. It can enter human body and exerts pathological effects on lung, eyes, and the central nervous system (CNS). Maternal exposure to PM2.5 can affect neural development and cause cognitive decline in offspring, with the underlying mechanisms unclear, however. The inflammasome monitors and responds to biological stressors, with HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis as an essential pathophysiological player outside the brain. The present work is to investigate its role in cognitive impairment induced by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in mice offspring. We found that HMGB1-NLRP3 pathway was activated in the hippocampus of mice offspring by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner, with protein levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 as approximately three times as high as those of control. And down-regulating HMGB1 during pregnancy could alleviate the resultant impairment on learning and working memory as well as hippocampal neurons, up-regulate the synapse related proteins of SYP and PSD-95 and correct the increased expression of 5-HT2A to comparable levels to control, as well as inhibiting the activation of microglia and decreasing the expression of HMGB1 and Iba1/HMGB1 double positive cells in the hippocampus of mice offspring. Meanwhile, protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and MAPKs, were almost down-regulated to those of control. Therefore, HMGB1 intervention inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated hippocampal inflammatory response through TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviating PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction. Further in vitro results suggest that PM2.5 can activate microglia and HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis. Pretreatment with HMGB1 inhibitor significantly reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB, and inhibited the inflammatory response mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome similarly to those in vivo. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure promotes the inflammatory response in hippocampus mediated by HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis in microglia, resulting in cognitive dysfunction in offspring, which could be alleviated by simultaneous HMGB1 suppression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for preventing cognitive impairment in offspring caused by environmental pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Liang Y, Zhao Y, Lai C, Zou X, Lin W. A coumarin-based TICT fluorescent probe for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging of mitochondrial viscosity and systemic inflammation in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8067-8073. [PMID: 34490436 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, linked with abnormal mitochondrial viscosity, is reported to be associated with cerebro-cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the mitochondrial viscosity to indicate the inflammatory signal in vivo. Considering the strategies of fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we have rationally designed a novel mitochondrial viscosity-specific fluorescent probe Mito-VCI, based on coumarin fluorophores with benzo[e]indolium as the rotor group. In a high viscosity solution system, the fluorescence lifetime of the probe Mito-VCI was prolonged due to the planarization and rigidity enhancement of the molecular rotor. Satisfactorily, the probe was only sensitive to viscosity, instead of non-viscosity factors such as pH and polarity. Furthermore, the probe sensitively targeted mitochondria in HeLa cells with a Pearson's correlation of 0.93, and specifically detected dynamics variation of mitochondrial viscosity with FLIM imaging in HeLa cells induced by LPS. Notably, significant fluorescence lifetime changes of Mito-VCI between normal and inflammatory tissues also occurred (for example, the fluorescence lifetime in the spleen changed from 1.128 to 1.432 ns). It can be inferred from the above observations that Mito-VCI could work as an effective and sensitive fluorescent molecular rotor for mitochondrial viscosity monitoring through FLIM imaging with a systemic inflammatory response, and provide potential applications for the diagnosis of systemic inflammation in pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Chaofeng Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
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O'Shaughnessy KL, Fischer F, Zenclussen AC. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and neurodevelopment: How articles of daily use influence the development of our children. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101568. [PMID: 34565681 PMCID: PMC10111869 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substances that interfere with the body's hormonal balance or their function are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many EDCs are ubiquitous in the environment and are an unavoidable aspect of daily life, including during early embryogenesis. Developmental exposure to these chemicals is of critical relevance, as EDCs can permanently alter developmental programs, including those that pattern and wire the brain. Of emerging interest is how these chemicals may also affect the immune response, given the cross-talk between the endocrine and immune systems. As brain development is strongly dependent on hormones including thyroid, androgens, and estrogens, and can also be affected by immunomodulation, this complicated interplay may have long-lasting neurodevelopmental consequences. This review focuses on data available from human cohorts, in vivo models, and in vitro assays regarding the impact of EDCs after a gestational and/or lactational exposure, and how they may impact the immune system and/or neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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Kassotaki I, Valsamakis G, Mastorakos G, Grammatopoulos DK. Placental CRH as a Signal of Pregnancy Adversity and Impact on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:714214. [PMID: 34408727 PMCID: PMC8366286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.714214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life is a period of considerable plasticity and vulnerability and insults during that period can disrupt the homeostatic equilibrium of the developing organism, resulting in adverse developmental programming and enhanced susceptibility to disease. Fetal exposure to prenatal stress can impede optimum brain development and deranged mother's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) stress responses can alter the neurodevelopmental trajectories of the offspring. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoids, regulate fetal neurogenesis and while CRH exerts neuroprotective actions, increased levels of stress hormones have been associated with fetal brain structural alterations such as reduced cortical volume, impoverishment of neuronal density in the limbic brain areas and alterations in neuronal circuitry, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling. Emerging evidence highlight the role of epigenetic changes in fetal brain programming, as stress-induced methylation of genes encoding molecules that are implicated in HPA axis and major neurodevelopmental processes. These serve as molecular memories and have been associated with long term modifications of the offspring's stress regulatory system and increased susceptibility to psychosomatic disorders later in life. This review summarises our current understanding on the roles of CRH and other mediators of stress responses on fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Kassotaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, Venizeleio Pananeio General Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second University Department of Obs and Gynae, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris K. Grammatopoulos
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW) NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Conroy AL, Opoka RO, Bangirana P, Namazzi R, Okullo AE, Georgieff MK, Cusick S, Idro R, Ssenkusu JM, John CC. Parenteral artemisinins are associated with reduced mortality and neurologic deficits and improved long-term behavioral outcomes in children with severe malaria. BMC Med 2021; 19:168. [PMID: 34315456 PMCID: PMC8317420 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2011, the World Health Organization recommended injectable artesunate as the first-line therapy for severe malaria (SM) due to its superiority in reducing mortality compared to quinine. There are limited data on long-term clinical and neurobehavioral outcomes after artemisinin use for treatment of SM. METHODS From 2008 to 2013, 502 Ugandan children with two common forms of SM, cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia, were enrolled in a prospective observational study assessing long-term neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes following SM. Children were evaluated a week after hospital discharge, and 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, and returned to hospital for any illness. In this study, we evaluated the impact of artemisinin derivatives on survival, post-discharge hospital readmission or death, and neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes over 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS 346 children received quinine and 156 received parenteral artemisinin therapy (artemether or artesunate). After adjustment for disease severity, artemisinin derivatives were associated with a 78% reduction in in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.67). Among cerebral malaria survivors, children treated with artemisinin derivatives also had reduced neurologic deficits at discharge (quinine, 41.7%; artemisinin derivatives, 23.7%, p=0.007). Over a 2-year follow-up, artemisinin derivatives as compared to quinine were associated with better adjusted scores (negative scores better) in internalizing behavior and executive function in children irrespective of the age at severe malaria episode. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, artemisinin derivatives were associated with better adjusted scores in behavior and executive function in children <6 years of age at severe malaria exposure following adjustment for child age, sex, socioeconomic status, enrichment in the home environment, and the incidence of hospitalizations over follow-up. Children receiving artesunate had the greatest reduction in mortality and benefit in behavioral outcomes and had reduced inflammation at 1-month follow-up compared to children treated with quinine. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of severe malaria with artemisinin derivatives, particularly artesunate, results in reduced in-hospital mortality and neurologic deficits in children of all ages, reduced inflammation following recovery, and better long-term behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest artesunate has long-term beneficial effects in children surviving severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, R4 402C 1044 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Bangirana
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Allen E Okullo
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Sarah Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John M Ssenkusu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, R4 402C 1044 West Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Division of Global Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
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Ortiz-Valladares M, Pedraza-Medina R, Pinto-González MF, Muñiz JG, Gonzalez-Perez O, Moy-López NA. Neurobiological approaches of high-fat diet intake in early development and their impact on mood disorders in adulthood: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:218-230. [PMID: 34324919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The early stage of development is a vulnerable period for progeny neurodevelopment, altering cytogenetic and correct cerebral functionality. The exposure High-Fat Diet (HFD) is a factor that impacts the future mental health of individuals. This review analyzes possible mechanisms involved in the development of mood disorders in adulthood because of maternal HFD intake during gestation and lactation, considering previously reported findings in the last five years, both in humans and animal models. Maternal HFD could induce alterations in mood regulation, reported as increased stress response, anxiety-like behavior, and depressive-like behavior. These changes were mostly related to HPA axis dysregulations and neuroinflammatory responses. In conclusion, there could be a relationship between HFD consumption during the early stages of life and the development of psychopathologies during adulthood. These findings provide guidelines for the understanding of possible mechanisms involved in mood disorders, however, there is still a need for more human clinical studies that provide evidence to improve the understanding of maternal nutrition and future mental health outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Pedraza-Medina
- Medical Science Postgraduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Guzmán Muñiz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Woods RM, Lorusso JM, Potter HG, Neill JC, Glazier JD, Hager R. Maternal immune activation in rodent models: A systematic review of neurodevelopmental changes in gene expression and epigenetic modulation in the offspring brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:389-421. [PMID: 34280428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (mIA) during pregnancy is hypothesised to disrupt offspring neurodevelopment and predispose offspring to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Rodent models of mIA have explored possible mechanisms underlying this paradigm and provide a vital tool for preclinical research. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular changes that occur in mIA-models is lacking, hindering identification of robust clinical targets. This systematic review assesses mIA-driven transcriptomic and epigenomic alterations in specific offspring brain regions. Across 118 studies, we focus on 88 candidate genes and show replicated changes in expression in critical functional areas, including elevated inflammatory markers, and reduced myelin and GABAergic signalling proteins. Further, disturbed epigenetic markers at nine of these genes support mIA-driven epigenetic modulation of transcription. Overall, our results demonstrate that current outcome measures have direct relevance for the hypothesised pathology of schizophrenia and emphasise the importance of mIA-models in contributing to the understanding of biological pathways impacted by mIA and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Woods
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jarred M Lorusso
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Harry G Potter
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn D Glazier
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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131
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Braun NJ, Galaska RM, Jewett ME, Krupa KA. Implementation of a Dynamic Co-Culture Model Abated Silver Nanoparticle Interactions and Nanotoxicological Outcomes In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071807. [PMID: 34361193 PMCID: PMC8308404 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) into everyday consumer goods, products, and applications has given rise to the field of nanotoxicology, which evaluates the safety of NPs within biological environments. The unique physicochemical properties of NPs have made this an insurmountable challenge, as their reactivity and variable behavior have given rise to discrepancies between standard cell-based in vitro and animal in vivo models. In this study, enhanced in vitro models were generated that retained the advantages of traditional cell cultures, but incorporated the modifications of (1) inclusion of an activated immune element and (2) the presence of physiologically-relevant dynamic flow. Following verification that the human alveolar epithelial and macrophage (A549/U937) co-culture could be successfully sustained under both static and dynamic conditions, these cultures, in addition to a standard A549 static model, were challenged with 10 nm citrate coated silver NPs (AgNPs). This work identified a reshaping of the AgNP-cellular interface and differential biological responses following exposure. The presence of dynamic flow modified cellular morphology and reduced AgNP deposition by approximately 20% over the static exposure environments. Cellular toxicity and stress endpoints, including reactive oxygen species, heat shock protein 70, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were found to vary as a function of both cellular composition and flow conditions; with activated macrophages and fluid flow both mitigating the severity of AgNP-dependent bioeffects. This work highlights the possibility of enhanced in vitro systems to assess the safety of engineered NPs and demonstrates their effectiveness in elucidating novel NP-cellular interactions and toxicological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Braun
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Rachel M. Galaska
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-0256, USA; (R.M.G.); (M.E.J.)
| | - Maggie E. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-0256, USA; (R.M.G.); (M.E.J.)
| | - Kristen A. Krupa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-0256, USA; (R.M.G.); (M.E.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-937-229-2627
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Controversies involving the use of SSRIs during pregnancy and the increased risk of having a child with autism spectrum disorders – a case report and literature review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: There is an ongoing debate as to whether the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by pregnant women increases the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the offspring.
Aim: The aim of the study was to
1) present, based on a case report, the potential factors that may affect the development of ASD in a child,
2) review the literature on the risk of ASD in the case of using SSRIs by a pregnant woman.
Case report: The case report concerns a child of a 33-year-old patient, previously treated for an episode of depression at the age of 23. At the beginning of the 15th week of planned pregnancy, when she was 28 years old, sleep disturbances were observed. Over the next few weeks, she gradually developed a full-blown depressive syndrome which required the use of sertraline. The child was born through a natural delivery, a healthy boy, who was diagnosed with ASD at the age of 2.5 years, which was the trigger for the development of the third episode of depression in the patient.
Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that SSRIs can penetrate the placental barrier, influencing the processes of serotoninergic transmission in the fetus, disrupting neurodevelopmental processes. On the other hand, a higher risk of ASD development in children of depressed mothers who do not use pharmacotherapy was confirmed, compared to the general population and in the case of the occurrence of depressive episodes in mother in the past and in relation to the male fetuses. The greater risk of ASD in children of mothers who take SSRIs may not only be associated with the medication itself but also with the presence of depression and the probable common genetic basis for both disorders. In each case, other risk factors for the development of ASD should also be taken into consideration, e.g. vitamin D3 deficiencies, unsaturated fatty acids, oxytocin levels, the presence of intestinal dysbiosis.
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133
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Mondal A, Mukherjee S, Dar W, Singh S, Pati S. Role of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and its association to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166185. [PMID: 34087423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common group of neurodevelopmental disorders which causes significant alterations in social and communication skills along with repetitive behavior and limited interests. The physiological understanding of ASD is ambiguous. Several reports suggested that environmental, genetic and epigenetic changes, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations orchestrate the pathological outcomes of ASD. A recent report from Saudi Arabia found a mutation in X-chromosomal housekeeping glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene in two male ASD patients. Although, the involvement of G6PD-deficiency in the pathogenesis of ASD is poorly understood. Several reports suggested that G6PD deficiency impedes cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result in neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. A deficiency of G6PD in newborn children may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ASD. In this review, we will discuss the implications of G6PD deficiency in pathogenesis, male biasness and theranostics in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mondal
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Waseem Dar
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Soumya Pati
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India.
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134
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Rasile M, Lauranzano E, Mirabella F, Matteoli M. Neurological consequences of neurovascular unit and brain vasculature damages: potential risks for pregnancy infections and COVID-19-babies. FEBS J 2021; 289:3374-3392. [PMID: 33998773 PMCID: PMC8237015 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intragravidic and perinatal infections, acting through either direct viral effect or immune-mediated responses, are recognized causes of liability for neurodevelopmental disorders in the progeny. The large amounts of epidemiological data and the wealth of information deriving from animal models of gestational infections have contributed to delineate, in the last years, possible underpinning mechanisms for this phenomenon, including defects in neuronal migration, impaired spine and synaptic development, and altered activation of microglia. Recently, dysfunctions of the neurovascular unit and anomalies of the brain vasculature have unexpectedly emerged as potential causes at the origin of behavioral abnormalities and psychiatric disorders consequent to prenatal and perinatal infections. This review aims to discuss the up-to-date literature evidence pointing to the neurovascular unit and brain vasculature damages as the etiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental syndromes. We focus on the inflammatory events consequent to intragravidic viral infections as well as on the direct viral effects as the potential primary triggers. These authors hope that a timely review of the literature will help to envision promising research directions, also relevant for the present and future COVID-19 longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rasile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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135
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Maher GM, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Behavioural Outcomes in the Offspring: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:222-228. [PMID: 33799041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and behavioural outcomes in offspring at five time-points. METHODS We used maternal-reported data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Data on HDP were collected when children were 9-months. Data on behavioural outcomes were collected at age 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined a HDP-behavioural difficulties relationship, using validated SDQ cut-off points. Multilevel models with linear splines examined the association between HDP and repeated measures of SDQ. RESULTS 18,274 singleton children were included in the study at baseline, Multivariate logistic regression suggested HDP was not significantly associated with SDQ domain cut-off points at ages 3, 7 and 11years. At age 5years, HDP was associated with a 40% increased odds of behavioural difficulties based on total SDQ(≥17) (OR:1.40, 95% CI:1.03,1.91). HDP was associated with a 43% increased odds of Peer Problem difficulties at age 5 (OR:1.43, 95% CI:1.10,1.86), and a 28% increased odds of Peer Problem difficulties(≥4) at age 14 (OR:1.28, 95% CI:1.02,1.61). In the linear spline model, mean SDQ score was higher at each time-point in those exposed to HDP, although did not always reach statistical significance. LIMITATIONS Data on different classifications of HDP were unavailable; therefore, we could not examine the effect of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia separately. CONCLUSIONS While we did not find strong evidence of associations between HDP and behavioural outcomes overall, some associations between HDP and behavioural difficulties did persist at age 5 and 14years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Maher
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; School of Public Health, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; School of Public Health, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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136
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Zhou L, Tao X, Pang G, Mu M, Sun Q, Liu F, Hu Y, Tao H, Li B, Xu K. Maternal Nicotine Exposure Alters Hippocampal Microglia Polarization and Promotes Anti-inflammatory Signaling in Juvenile Offspring in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661304. [PMID: 34045967 PMCID: PMC8144443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveal that maternal smoking or perinatal nicotine replacement therapy impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, neural development, and cognitive behaviors in the offspring. Microglia is a source of non-neural regulation of neuronal development and postnatal neurogenesis. In this study, we explored the impact of nicotine on the microglia during the development of hippocampus. Developmental nicotine exposure in a mouse model was conducted by supplementing nicotine in the drinking water to mother mice during gestation and lactation period. We found that juvenile offspring with maternal nicotine exposure presented physical and neurobehavioral development delay and an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the open field test on postnatal day (PND) 20. To further detect possible developmental neurotoxic effects of nicotine in offspring and underlying mechanism, whole genome microarray analysis of the expression profile of the hippocampus was performed on postnatal day 20. Significant alterations in the expression of genes related to inflammatory, neurotransmitter, and synapsis were observed in the hippocampus after maternal nicotine exposure, as compared to the vehicle control. Concurrently, an increase in microglial markers and the presence of M2 polarity state in the hippocampus of the nicotine offspring were observed by histological analysis and confocal z-stacking scanning. The M2 microglial polarization state was further confirmed with in vitro primary microglia culture by cytokine array, and double-positive expression of BDNF/Iba1 in microglia by immunohistochemical staining in the juvenile offspring hippocampus was visualized. We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced. In summary, maternal nicotine exposure dysregulates immune-related genes expression by skewing the polarity of M2 microglia in the hippocampus, which may cause abnormal cognitive and behavioral performance in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Gang Pang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Mu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Qixian Sun
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Keyi Xu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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de Farias JM, Dos Santos Tramontin N, Pereira EV, de Moraes GL, Furtado BG, Tietbohl LTW, Da Costa Pereira B, Simon KU, Muller AP. Physical Exercise Training Improves Judgment and Problem-Solving and Modulates Serum Biomarkers in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4217-4225. [PMID: 33963521 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive impairment of memory, with an etiology involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Exercise training is a safe, efficacious, and economic approach to manage neurodegenerative diseases. In AD, the biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA are elevated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether exercise is effective in patients with AD by assessing the serum biomarkers associated with the redox status, neurotrophin levels, and inflammatory system. This nonrandomized clinical study (n = 15) involved 22 training sessions performed twice a week (60 min/session) in patients diagnosed with AD. The cognitive and self-awareness tests were performed 48 h before and after the physical training session. In patients with AD, physical training significantly improved the judgment and problem-solving domains of the memory score; however, general mental health, memory, orientation, and home/hobby domains were improved slightly, and the neurotrophin levels remained unaltered. Significantly, the markers of protein integrity also increased following exercise. Furthermore, catalase activity and ROS levels decreased, nitrite levels increased, and interleukin-4 level increased following physical training in patients with AD. Although proinflammatory cytokines remained unaltered, the levels of neuron-specific enolase, a marker of neuronal damage, decreased following exercise training in these patients. In conclusion, physical exercise training could be a safe and effective method for blocking the AD progression and improving the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory system, whereas certain assessed biomarkers could be utilized to monitor AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Marcio de Farias
- Health Promotion Research and Study Group, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda Valim Pereira
- Health Promotion Research and Study Group, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Giusti Furtado
- Health Promotion Research and Study Group, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Kellen Ugioni Simon
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88040900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
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138
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The impact of maternal obesity on childhood neurodevelopment. J Perinatol 2021; 41:928-939. [PMID: 33249428 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that maternal obesity increases children's susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic, it is crucial that we acquire a thorough understanding of the available evidence, identify gaps in knowledge, and develop an agenda for intervention. This review synthesizes human and animal studies investigating the association between maternal obesity and offspring brain health. It also highlights key mechanisms underlying these effects, including maternal and fetal inflammation, alterations to the microbiome, epigenetic modifications of neurotrophic genes, and impaired dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. Lastly, this review highlights several proposed interventions and priorities for future investigation.
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139
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Dietary Quality and Dietary Inflammatory Potential During Pregnancy and Offspring Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms in Childhood: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis of Four European Cohorts. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:550-559. [PMID: 33358009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment is of public health and clinical relevance. We evaluated the associations of dietary quality based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and dietary inflammatory potential based on the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) score during pregnancy with emotional and behavioral symptoms of offspring at 7 to 10 years of age. METHODS Individual participant data for 11,870 mother-child pairs from four European cohorts participating in the ALPHABET project were analyzed. Maternal antenatal DASH and E-DII scores were generated from self-completed food frequency questionnaires. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, aggressive behavior, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children were assessed using mother-reported tests and classified within the normal or borderline/clinical ranges using validated cutoffs. Adjusted odds ratios were determined by multivariable logistic regression models and aggregated by the two-level individual participant data meta-analysis method. RESULTS Higher maternal DASH scores (indicating better dietary quality) were associated with lower risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior symptoms, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms within the borderline/clinical ranges: odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-0.99; OR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; OR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.95-0.98, per one-unit DASH score increase, respectively. For depression and anxiety, aggressive behavior, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, a one-unit increase in E-DII scores (a more proinflammatory diet) was associated with a 7% increased risk of all three analyzed emotional and behavioral symptoms: OR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.03-1.11; OR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.02-1.13; OR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.13, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a maternal low-quality and proinflammatory diet may increase the risk of emotional and behavioral symptoms in children.
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140
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de Figueiredo CS, Sandre PC, Portugal LCL, Mázala-de-Oliveira T, da Silva Chagas L, Raony Í, Ferreira ES, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Dos Santos AA, Bomfim POS. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents' mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110171. [PMID: 33186638 PMCID: PMC7657035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was announced, we had an unprecedented change in the way we organize ourselves socially and in our daily routine. Children and adolescents were also greatly impacted by the abrupt withdrawal from school, social life and outdoor activities. Some of them also experienced domestic violence growing. The stress they are subjected to directly impacts their mental health on account of increased anxiety, changes in their diets and in school dynamics, fear or even failing to scale the problem. Our aim is to bring up a discussion under different aspects and to alert public health and government agents about the need for surveillance and care of these individuals. We hope that the damage to their mental health as a result of the side effect of this pandemic can be mitigated by adequate and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Poliana Capucho Sandre
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Chagas
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Elenn Soares Ferreira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Interactions, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neuroinflammation Research Network, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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141
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Katz J, Reichenberg A, Kolevzon A. Prenatal and perinatal metabolic risk factors for autism: a review and integration of findings from population-based studies. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:94-104. [PMID: 33278157 PMCID: PMC9341035 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the ongoing rise in prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the challenges in developing and administering interventions to significantly alleviate ASD symptoms, there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors for ASD. The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate the current evidence for an association between conditions related to maternal metabolic syndrome and risk for ASD in offspring focusing on methodically rigorous studies. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, multiple studies explored the association between various conditions related to maternal metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, or diabetes prior to, or with onset during pregnancy) and ASD risk in the offspring. SUMMARY Examining large, sufficiently powered, population-based epidemiological studies that explored the association between maternal metabolic syndrome and ASD, we found consistent evidence for an association between maternal preeclampsia and risk for ASD. Other conditions that are part of maternal metabolic syndrome, including maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, diabetes and gestational diabetes, should be studied further with careful attention paid to potential synergistic effects between different metabolic conditions. These findings highlight the need for rigorous, large, population-based epidemiological studies of potentially modifiable ASD risk factors that could inform public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
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142
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Aung MT, Yu Y, Ferguson KK, Cantonwine DE, Zeng L, McElrath TF, Pennathur S, Mukherjee B, Meeker JD. Cross-Sectional Estimation of Endogenous Biomarker Associations with Prenatal Phenols, Phthalates, Metals, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Single-Pollutant and Mixtures Analysis Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:37007. [PMID: 33761273 PMCID: PMC7990518 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to mixtures of toxicants that can impact several biological pathways. We investigated the associations between multiple classes of toxicants and an extensive panel of biomarkers indicative of lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 173 participants (median 26 wk gestation) from the LIFECODES birth cohort. We measured exposure analytes of multiple toxicant classes [metals, phthalates, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)] in urine samples. We also measured endogenous biomarkers (eicosanoids, cytokines, angiogenic markers, and oxidative stress markers) in either plasma or urine. We estimated pair-wise associations between exposure analytes and endogenous biomarkers using multiple linear regression after adjusting for covariates. We used adaptive elastic net regression, hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression, and sparse-group LASSO regression to evaluate toxicant mixtures associated with individual endogenous biomarkers. RESULTS After false-discovery adjustment (q<0.2), single-pollutant models yielded 19 endogenous biomarker signals associated with phthalates, 13 with phenols, 17 with PAHs, and 18 with trace metals. Notably, adaptive elastic net revealed that phthalate metabolites were selected for several positive signals with the cyclooxygenase (n=7), cytochrome p450 (n=7), and lipoxygenase (n=8) pathways. Conversely, the toxicant classes that exhibited the greatest number of negative signals overall in adaptive elastic net were phenols (n=20) and metals (n=21). DISCUSSION This study characterizes cross-sectional endogenous biomarker signatures associated with individual and mixtures of prenatal toxicant exposures. These results can help inform the prioritization of specific pairs or clusters of endogenous biomarkers and exposure analytes for investigating health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max T. Aung
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan (U-M) School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Youfei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan (U-M) School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David E. Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, U-M, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, U-M, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, U-M, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, U-M, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan (U-M) School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, U-M School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, U-M School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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143
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Matelski L, Morgan RK, Grodzki AC, Van de Water J, Lein PJ. Effects of cytokines on nuclear factor-kappa B, cell viability, and synaptic connectivity in a human neuronal cell line. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:875-887. [PMID: 31965031 PMCID: PMC7371517 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Experimental animal models demonstrate that maternal immune activation (MIA) elevates inflammatory cytokine levels in the maternal and fetal compartments and causes behavioral changes in offspring. Individual cytokines have been shown to modulate neurite outgrowth and synaptic connectivity in cultured rodent neurons, but whether clinically relevant cytokine mixtures similarly modulate neurodevelopment in human neurons is not known. To address this, we quantified apoptosis, neurite outgrowth, and synapse number in the LUHMES human neuronal cell line exposed to varying concentrations of: (1) a mixture of 12 cytokines and chemokines (EMA) elevated in mid-gestational serum samples from mothers of children with autism and intellectual disability; (2) an inflammatory cytokine mixture (ICM) comprised of five cytokines elevated in experimental MIA models; or (3) individual cytokines in ICM. At concentrations that activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in LUHMES cells, EMA and ICM induced caspase-3/7 activity. ICM altered neurite outgrowth, but only at concentrations that also reduced cell viability, whereas ICM reduced synapse number independent of changes in cell viability. Individual cytokines in ICM phenocopied the effects of ICM on NF-κB activation and synaptic connectivity, but did not completely mimic the effects of ICM on apoptosis. These results demonstrate that clinically relevant cytokine mixtures modulate apoptosis and synaptic density in developing human neurons. Given the relevance of these neurodevelopmental processes in NDDs, our findings support the hypothesis that cytokines contribute to the adverse effects of MIA on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Matelski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Rhianna K. Morgan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis
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144
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Dempster KS, O'Leary DD, MacNeil AJ, Hodges GJ, Wade TJ. Linking the hemodynamic consequences of adverse childhood experiences to an altered HPA axis and acute stress response. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:254-263. [PMID: 33358983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as maltreatment and severe household dysfunction, represent a significant threat to public health as ACEs are associated with increased prevalence of several chronic diseases. Biological embedding, believed to be rooted in dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is the prevailing theory by which chronic diseases become imprinted in individuals following childhood adversity. A shift towards HPA axis hypoactivity occurs in response to ACEs exposure and is proposed to contribute towards altered cortisol secretion, chronic low-grade inflammation, and dysregulated hemodynamic and autonomic function. This shift in HPA axis activity may be a long-term effect of glucocorticoid receptor methylation with downstream effects on hemodynamic and autonomic function. Emerging evidence suggests syncopal tendencies are increased among those with ACEs and coincides with altered neuroimmune function. Similarly, chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute towards arterial baroreceptor desensitization through increased arterial stiffness, negatively impacting autonomic regulation following posture change and increasing rates of syncope in later life, as has been previously highlighted in the literature. Although speculative, baroreceptor desensitization may be secondary to increased arterial stiffness and changes in expression of glucocorticoid receptors and arginine vasopressin, which are chronically altered by ACEs. Several research gaps and opportunities exist in this field and represent prospective areas for future investigation. Here, we synthesize current findings in the areas of acute psychosocial stress reactivity pertaining to HPA axis function, inflammation, and hemodynamic function while suggesting ideas for future research emphasizing systemic interactions and postural stress assessments among those with ACEs. This review aims to identify specific pathways which may contribute towards orthostatic intolerance in populations with history of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie S Dempster
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada; Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, Canada
| | - Deborah D O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada; Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, Canada.
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada
| | - Gary J Hodges
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Canada; Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, Canada
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145
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Visco DB, Toscano AE, Juárez PAR, Gouveia HJCB, Guzman-Quevedo O, Torner L, Manhães-de-Castro R. A systematic review of neurogenesis in animal models of early brain damage: Implications for cerebral palsy. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113643. [PMID: 33631199 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain damage during early life is the main factor in the development of cerebral palsy (CP), which is one of the leading neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Few studies, however, have focused on the mechanisms of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the brain of individuals with CP. We thus conducted a systematic review of preclinical evidence of structural neurogenesis in early brain damage and the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CP. Studies were obtained from Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After screening 2329 studies, 29 studies, covering a total of 751 animals, were included. Prenatal models based on oxygen deprivation, inflammatory response and infection, postnatal models based on oxygen deprivation or hypoxic-ischemia, and intraventricular hemorrhage models showed varying neurogenesis responses according to the nature of the brain damage, the time period during which the brain injury occurred, proliferative capacity, pattern of migration, and differentiation profile in neurogenic niches. Results mainly from rodent studies suggest that prenatal brain damage impacts neurogenesis and curbs generation of neural stem cells, while postnatal models show increased proliferation of neural precursor cells, improper migration, and reduced survival of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bulcão Visco
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alberto Romero Juárez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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146
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Jash S, Sharma S. In utero immune programming of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Hum Immunol 2021; 82:379-384. [PMID: 33612392 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptation of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface affects balanced maternal-fetal cross-talk and placental health and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The concept of in utero programming of childhood and adulthood diseases has revolutionized the research on the role of pregnancy in maternal, neonatal, and adult health. However, it is not yet well understood whether dysregulation of uterine immunity contributes to any health consequences during childhood or later in life. Recent observations in mice and humans have strongly supported the notion that uterine immunity during pregnancy determines the health trajectory of the offspring and significantly impacts cognitive function and mental health. Importantly, IL-17a producing Th17 T cells have been projected as the main contributors to heterogeneous pathological and behavioral phenotypes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, since normal pregnancy is associated with little or no Th17 cells at the maternal-fetal interface, it is not clear how and when the Th17 T cells are generated and which interventions can ameliorate the ASD-like features in newborns. We propose that infection-associated uterine immune activation within a critical window of development may propel trans-differentiation of Th17 T cells that eventually affect fetal brain development and induce ASD-like behavioral phenotype in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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147
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Tsai MJ, Liou DY, Chu YC, Chen Y, Huang MC, Huang WC, Cheng H, Tsai SK, Huang SS. Minocycline exhibits synergism with conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against ischemic stroke. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:279-292. [PMID: 33470523 DOI: 10.1002/term.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence show that a conditioned medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCcm) improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke but do not reduce ischemic lesions. It is important to develop a treatment strategy that can exhibit a synergistic effect with BM-MSCcm against ischemic stroke. In this study, the effect of BM-MSCcm and/or minocycline was examined in culture and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) animal model. In neuron-glial cultures, BM-MSCcm and combined treatment, but not minocycline, effectively increased neuronal connection and oligodendroglial survival. In contrast, minocycline and combined treatment, but not BM-MSCcm, reduced toxin-induced free radical production in cultures. Either minocycline or BM-MSCcm, or in combination, conferred protective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced cell damage. In an in vivo study, BM-MSCcm and minocycline were administered to rats 2 h after MCAo. Monotherapy with BM-MSCcm or minocycline after ischemic stroke resulted in 9.4% or 17.5% reduction in infarction volume, respectively, but there was no significant difference. Interestingly, there was a 33.9% significant reduction in infarction volume by combined treatment with BM-MSCcm and minocycline in an in vivo study. The combined therapy also significantly improved grasping power, which was not altered by monotherapy. Furthermore, combined therapy increased the expression of neuronal nuclei in the peri-infarct area and hippocampus, and concurrently decreased the expression of ED1 in rat brain and the peri-infarct zone. Our data suggest that minocycline exhibits a synergistic effect with BM-MSCcm against ischemic stroke not only to improve neurological functional outcome but also to reduce cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Jywan Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dann-Ying Liou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Kou Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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148
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Keane JM, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, Kenny LC, Collins JM, O'Donovan S, Brown J, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G, O'Mahony SM. Identifying a biological signature of prenatal maternal stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143007. [PMID: 33301421 PMCID: PMC7934857 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress affects maternal gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, leading to low-grade inflammation, which can negatively affect fetal development. We investigated a panel of circulating markers as a biological signature of this stress exposure in pregnant women with and without the stress-related GI disorder irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Markers of GI permeability and inflammation were measured in plasma from healthy and IBS cohorts of women at 15 and 20 weeks’ gestation. Biomarkers were evaluated with respect to their degree of association to levels of stress, anxiety, and depression as indicated by responses from the Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. High levels of stress were associated with elevations of soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and tumor necrosis factor–α, while anxiety was associated with elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in otherwise healthy pregnancies. Prenatal depression was associated with higher levels of soluble CD14, LBP, and CRP in the healthy cohort. High levels of prenatal anxiety and depression were also associated with lower concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine, respectively, in the IBS cohort. These markers may represent a core maternal biological signature of active prenatal stress, which can be used to inform intervention strategies via stress reduction techniques or other lifestyle approaches. Such interventions may need to be tailored to reflect underlying GI conditions, such as IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland.,The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James M Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland and.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and
| | | | | | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland and.,The Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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149
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COVID-19 threatens maternal mental health and infant development: possible paths from stress and isolation to adverse outcomes and a call for research and practice. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:200-204. [PMID: 33619672 PMCID: PMC7899198 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed mothers to stress and social isolation during the pre- and post-natal periods. The deleterious effects of stress on both pregnant women and their infants are well documented, with research suggesting that effects are exacerbated by reduced social support. In this brief report, we summarize evidence linking stress and social isolation to negative outcomes for mothers and infants and present a conceptual model featuring inflammation as a driving mechanism. There is strong evidence that the coronavirus pandemic will affect mothers and infants through immune pathways that, in previous research, have been shown to link stress and social isolation during the pre- and post-natal periods with deficits in maternal mental health and infant well-being and development across developmental stages. We close with recommendations for novel research, policy changes, and integrated clinical care that can address these biological threats to infants and mothers while leveraging the anti-inflammatory effects of social support.
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150
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Zhao H, Zhang H, Liu S, Luo W, Jiang Y, Gao J. Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:670200. [PMID: 34276441 PMCID: PMC8283413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.670200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although increasing evidence suggests an association between alterations in peripheral cytokines and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a consensus is lacking. To determine whether abnormal cytokine profiles in peripheral blood were associated with ASD, we performed this systemic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through the Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases up to 4 June 2020. Clinical studies exploring the aberration of peripheral cytokines of autistic patients and controls were included in our meta-analysis. We pooled extracted data using fixed- or random-effects models based on heterogeneity tests with Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. We converted standardized mean differences to Hedges' g statistic to obtain the effect sizes adjusted for sample size. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias tests were also carried out. Results: Sixty-one articles (326 studies) were included to assess the association between 76 cytokines and ASD. We conducted our meta-analysis based on 37 cytokines with 289 studies. Since there were fewer than three studies on any of the other 39 cytokines, we only provided basic information for them. The levels of peripheral IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p70, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), eotaxin-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, IL-7, IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-17, and IL-4 were defined as abnormal cytokines in the peripheral blood of ASD patients compared with controls. The other 24 cytokines did not obviously change in ASD patients compared with the controls. Conclusions: The findings of our meta-analysis strengthen the evidence for an abnormal cytokine profile in ASD. These abnormal cytokines may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- The 947th Hospital of Army, Kashi, China
| | - Wulin Luo
- Department of Medical Psychology and Neurology, The 947th Hospital of Army, Kashi, China
| | - Yongfeng Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 947th Hospital of Army, Kashi, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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