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Buján GE, D'Alessio L, Serra HA, Molina SJ, Guelman LR. Behavioral alterations induced by intermittent ethanol intake and noise exposure in adolescent rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1756-1773. [PMID: 35342999 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol intake and exposure to noise are common activities of human adolescents performed in entertainment contexts worldwide that can induce behavioral disturbances. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate in an experimental model of adolescent animals whether noise exposure and intermittent ethanol intake, when present individually or sequentially, might be able to modify different behaviors. Adolescent Wistar rats of both sexes were subjected to voluntary intermittent ethanol intake for 1 week followed by exposure to noise for 2 h and tested in a battery of behavioral tasks. Data show that males exposed to noise experienced a deficit in associative memory (AM), increase in anxiety-like behaviors (ALB) and altered reaction to novelty (RN) when compared with sham animals, whereas females also showed an increase in risk assessment behaviors (RAB) and a decrease in exploratory activity (EA). In contrast, ethanol intake induced an increase in RAB and RN in males and females, whereas females also showed a deficit in AM and EA as well as an increase in ALB. When ethanol was ingested before noise exposure, most parameters were counteracted both in male and females, but differed among sexes. In consequence, it could be hypothesized that an environmental acute stressor like noise might trigger a behavioral counteracting induced by a previous repeated exposure to a chemical agent such as ethanol, leading to a compensation of a non-adaptive behavior and reaching a better adjustment to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ezequiel Buján
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana D'Alessio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Alejandro Serra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Jazmín Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Ruth Guelman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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102
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Banna HU, Anjum A, Biswas S, Mondal V, Siddique AE, Roy AK, Nikkon F, Haque A, Himeno S, Salam KA, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Parental Lead Exposure Promotes Neurobehavioral Disorders and Hepatic Dysfunction in Mouse Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1171-1180. [PMID: 33830404 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) induces neurotoxicity in both children and adults. Children are more vulnerable to Pb toxicity than adults. Little is known about the effects of Pb on the mental health of the children who are prenatally exposed. Therefore, we designed an animal experiment to compare the adverse effects of Pb on neurobehavioral and hepatic functions between Pb-exposed (Pb mice) and parental Pb-exposed (P-Pb mice) group mice. Mice were treated with Pb-acetate (10 mg/kg bodyweight/day) via drinking water. Male mice from unexposed parents treated with Pb for 90 days were defined as Pb mice, whereas male mice from Pb-exposed parents treated with Pb for further 90 days were defined as P-Pb mice. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory and learning were assessed by elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Serum hepatic enzyme activities and butyrylcholinesterase activity were measured by an analyzer. P-Pb mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and memory and learning impairments compared to Pb mice. BChE activity was significantly decreased in P-Pb mice compared to Pb mice. Pb levels in the brains of P-Pb mice were significantly higher than those of Pb mice. The activities of serum hepatic enzymes of P-Pb mice were also higher than those of Pb mice. Additionally, histopathology data revealed that hepatic tissue injury was more pronounced in P-Pb mice than in Pb mice. Thus, the results suggest that persistent exposure to Pb from fetus to adult causes more severe neurobehavioral changes and hepatic toxicities than adult exposure only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ul Banna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Sheta Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Victor Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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103
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Cnops V, Iyer VR, Parathy N, Wong P, Dawe GS. Test, Rinse, Repeat: A Review of Carryover Effects in Rodent Behavioral Assays. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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104
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Ostovan VR, Amiri Z, Moezi L, Pirsalami F, Esmaili Z, Moosavi M. The effects of subchronic agmatine on passive avoidance memory, anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal Akt/GSK-3β in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:42-50. [PMID: 34954711 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, a polyamine derived from l-arginine, has been suggested to modulate memory. However, the available evidence regarding the effect of agmatine on the memory of intact animals is contradictory. This study aimed to assess the dose-response effect of subchronic agmatine on passive avoidance memory and anxiety-like parameters of elevated plus maze in adult intact mice. Furthermore, considering the roles of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in memory and Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampal contents of phosphorylated and total forms of Akt and GSK-3β proteins were determined using the western blot technique. Agmatine was administered intraperitoneally at the doses of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 80 mg/kg/daily to adult male NMRI mice for 10 days after which the behavioral assessments were performed. Upon completion of the passive avoidance test, the hippocampi were removed for western blot analysis to detect the phosphorylated and total levels of Akt and GSK-3β proteins. Results showed the biphasic effect of agmatine on passive avoidance memory; in lower doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg), agmatine impaired memory whereas in higher ones (40 and 80 mg/kg) improved it. Though, agmatine in none of the doses affected animals' anxiety-like parameters in an elevated plus maze. Moreover, the memory-improving doses of agmatine augmented Akt/GSK-3β pathway. This study showed the biphasic effect of agmatine on passive avoidance memory and an augmentation of hippocampal Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway following the memory-improving doses of this polyamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Reza Ostovan
- Clinical Neurology Research Center and Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Zeynab Amiri
- Clinical Neurology Research Center and Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Leila Moezi
- Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Fatema Pirsalami
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Zahra Esmaili
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moosavi
- Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
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105
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Lopes LT, Canto-de-Souza L, Baptista-de-Souza D, de Souza RR, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Canto-de-Souza A. The interplay between 5-HT 2C and 5-HT 3A receptors in the dorsal periaqueductal gray mediates anxiety-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113588. [PMID: 34547341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) modulates anxiety by its activity on 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CR) expressed in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG). Here, we investigated the presence of 5-HT3A receptors (5-HT3AR) in the dPAG, and the interplay between 5-HT2CR and 5-HT3AR in the dPAG in mediating anxiety-like behavior in mice. We found that 5-HT3AR is expressed in the dPAG and the blockade of these receptors using intra-dPAG infusion of ondansetron (5-HT3AR antagonist; 3.0 nmol) induced an anxiogenic-like effect. The activation of 5-HT3ABR by the infusion of mCPBG [1-(m-Chlorophenyl)-biguanide; 5-HT3R agonist] did not alter anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, blockade of 5-HT3AR (1.0 nmol) prevented the anxiolytic-like effect induced by the infusion of the 5-HT2CR agonist mCPP (1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine; 0.03 nmol). None of the treatment effects on anxiety-like behaviors altered the locomotor activity levels. The present results suggest that the anxiolytic-like effect exerted by serotonin activity on 5-HT2CR in the dPAG is modulated by 5-HT3AR expressed in same region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tenorio Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Av. do Café, 2.450, 14050-220 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Av. do Café, 2.450, 14050-220 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rimenez Rodrigues de Souza
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States; The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States.
| | - Ricardo L Nunes-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Av. do Café, 2.450, 14050-220 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Av. do Café, 2.450, 14050-220 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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106
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Canto-de-Souza L, Demetrovich PG, Plas S, Souza RR, Epperson J, Wahlstrom KL, Nunes-de-Souza RL, LaLumiere RT, Planeta CS, McIntyre CK. Daily Optogenetic Stimulation of the Left Infralimbic Cortex Reverses Extinction Impairments in Male Rats Exposed to Single Prolonged Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:780326. [PMID: 34987362 PMCID: PMC8721142 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.780326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex. PTSD-like pathophysiology and behaviors have been observed in rodents exposed to a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure. When animals are left alone for 7 days after SPS treatment, they show increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired extinction of conditioned fear, and reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested the hypothesis that daily optogenetic stimulation of the infralimbic region (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during the 7 days after SPS would reverse SPS effects on anxiety and fear extinction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SPS and then received daily optogenetic stimulation (20 Hz, 2 s trains, every 10 s for 15 min/day) of glutamatergic neurons of the left or right IL for seven days. After this incubation period, rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Twenty-four hours after the EPM test, rats underwent auditory fear conditioning (AFC), extinction training and a retention test. SPS increased anxiety-like behavior in the EPM task and produced a profound impairment in extinction of AFC. Optogenetic stimulation of the left IL, but not right, during the 7-day incubation period reversed the extinction impairment. Optogenetic stimulation did not reverse the increased anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that the extinction effects are not due to a treatment-induced reduction in anxiety. Results indicate that increased activity of the left IL after traumatic experiences can prevent development of extinction impairments. These findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation may be a useful tool for preventing maladaptive responses to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.,Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Peyton G Demetrovich
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Plas
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Rimenez R Souza
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Joseph Epperson
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Krista L Wahlstrom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.,Institute of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ryan T LaLumiere
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Cleopatra Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Christa K McIntyre
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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107
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Shoji H, Kunugi H, Miyakawa T. Acute and chronic effects of oral administration of a medium-chain fatty acid, capric acid, on locomotor activity and anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:59-69. [PMID: 34994529 PMCID: PMC8919109 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Capric acid (also known as decanoic acid or C10) is one of the fatty acids in the medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs) commonly found in dietary fats. Although dietary treatment with MCTs is recently of great interest for the potential therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric disorders, the effects of oral administration of C10 on behavior remain to be examined. This study investigated acute and chronic effects of oral administration of C10 on locomotor activity and anxiety‐like and depression‐related behaviors in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Methods To explore the acute effects of C10 administration, mice were subjected to a series of behavioral tests in the following order: light/dark transition, open field, elevated plus maze, Porsolt forced swim, and tail suspension tests, 30 minutes after oral gavage of either vehicle or C10 solution (30 mmol/kg dose in Experiment 1; 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mmol/kg doses in Experiment 2). Next, to examine chronic effects of C10, mice repeatedly administered with either vehicle or C10 solution (0.3, 3.0 mmol/kg doses per day, for 21 days, in Experiment 3) were subjected to behavioral tests without oral administration immediately before each test. Results The mice administrated with the high dose of C10 (30 mmol/kg) showed lower body weights, shorter distance traveled, and more anxiety‐like behavior than vehicle‐treated mice, and the results reached study‐wide statistical significance. The C10 administration at a lower dose of 0.3 mmol/kg had no significant effects on body weights and induced nominally significantly longer distance traveled than vehicle administration. Repeated administration of C10 at a dose of 3.0 mmol/kg for more than 21 days caused lower body weights and decreased depression‐related behavior, although the behavioral differences did not reach study‐wide significance. Conclusions Although these results suggest dose‐dependent effects of oral administration of capric acid on locomotor activity and anxiety‐like and depression‐related behaviors, further study will be needed to replicate the findings and explore the underlying brain mechanisms. Repeated oral administration of the medium‐chain fatty acid, capric acid, decreased depression‐related behavior in C57BL/6J mice. This study suggests that capric acid exerts an antidepressant effect. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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108
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Simmons SJ, Oliver CF, McCloskey NS, Reitz AB, Nayak SU, Watson MN, Rawls SM. Paradoxical anxiolytic effect of the 'bath salt' synthetic cathinone MDPV during early abstinence is inhibited by a chemokine CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonist. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109204. [PMID: 34871976 PMCID: PMC8729820 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors are best known as HIV co-entry receptors, but evidence that CXCR4 or CCR5 blockade reduces rewarding and locomotor-stimulant effects of psychostimulants in rats suggests a role in psychostimulant use disorders. We investigated the impact of CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonism on anxiety-related effects of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) assay. Rats exposed to a 4-day MDPV binge dosing paradigm and tested 24 or 72 h post-treatment spent more time in the open compartment at the 24-h time point but less time at the 72-h post-binge time point. Daily administration of AMD 3100, a CXCR4 antagonist (10 mg/kg), or maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist (2.5 mg/kg), during MDPV treatment inhibited the MDPV-induced increase in time spent in the open compartment. Neither antagonist affected the MDPV-induced reduction in time spent in the open compartment at the 72-h post-binge time point. Cocaine, administered in the same paradigm as MDPV, did not increase time spent in the open compartment 24-h post-binge, suggesting specificity to MDPV. The present results identify a surprising anxiolytic-like effect of MDPV 24 h after cessation of repeated exposure that is sensitive to chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Simmons
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chicora F. Oliver
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S. McCloskey
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center Inc., Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Sunil U. Nayak
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N. Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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109
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Ghosh S, Mohammed Z, Singh I. Bruton's tyrosine kinase drives neuroinflammation and anxiogenic behavior in mouse models of stress. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:289. [PMID: 34895246 PMCID: PMC8665324 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapies targeting several neurotransmitter systems are only able to partially mitigate the symptoms of stress- and trauma-related disorder. Stress and trauma-related disorders lead to a prominent inflammatory response in humans, and in pre-clinical models. However, mechanisms underlying the induction of neuroinflammatory response in PTSD and anxiety disorders are not clearly understood. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the activation of proinflammatory NLRP3 inflammasome and IL1β in mouse models of stress. METHODS We used two mouse models of stress, i.e., mice subjected to physical restraint stress with brief underwater submersion, and predator odor stress. Mice were injected with MCC950, a small molecule specific inhibitor of NLRP3 activation. To pharmacologically inhibit BTK, a specific inhibitor ibrutinib was used. To validate the observation from ibrutinib studies, a separate group of mice was injected with another BTK-specific inhibitor LFM-A13. Seven days after the induction of stress, mice were examined for anxious behavior using open field test (OFT), light-dark test (LDT), and elevated plus maze test (EPM). Following the behavior tests, hippocampus and amygdale were extracted and analyzed for various components of NLRP3-caspase 1-IL1β pathway. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also used to assess the induction of NLRP3-Caspase 1-IL-1β pathway in stressed mice. RESULTS Using two different pre-clinical models of stress, we demonstrate heightened anxious behavior in female mice as compared to their male counterparts. Stressed animals exhibited upregulation of proinflammatory IL1β, IL-6, Caspase 1 activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in brain, which were significantly higher in female mice. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation led to anxiolysis as well as attenuated neuroinflammatory response. Further, we observed induction of activated Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), an upstream positive-regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, in hippocampus and amygdala of stressed mice. Next, we conducted proof-of-concept pharmacological BTK inhibitor studies with ibrutinib and LFM-A13. In both sets of experiments, we found BTK inhibition led to anxiolysis and attenuated neuroinflammation, as indicated by significant reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory IL-1β in hippocampus and amygdala. Analysis of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated peripheral induction of NLRP3-caspase 1-IL1β pathway in stressed mice. CONCLUSION Our study identified BTK as a key upstream regulator of neuroinflammation, which drives anxiogenic behavior in mouse model of stress. Further, we demonstrated the sexually divergent activation of BTK, providing a clue to heightened neuroinflammation and anxiogenic response to stress in females as compared to their male counterparts. Our data from the pharmacological inhibition studies suggest BTK as a novel target for the development of potential clinical treatment of PTSD and anxiety disorders. Induction of pBTK and NLRP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of stressed mice suggest the potential effect of stress on systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simantini Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Ashoka University, Rai, India.
| | | | - Itender Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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110
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Silote GP, Gatto MC, Eskelund A, Guimarães FS, Wegener G, Joca SRL. Strain-, Sex-, and Time-Dependent Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabidiol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1269. [PMID: 34959670 PMCID: PMC8709491 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating compound extracted from Cannabis sativa, showing antidepressant-like effects in different rodent models. However, inconsistent results have been described depending on the species and the strain used to assess depressive-like behavior. Moreover, only a few studies investigated the effect of CBD in female rodents. Therefore, we aimed to (i) investigate the effects of CBD in two different strains of mice (Swiss and C57BL/6) and a rat model of depression based on selective breeding (Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Lines, FSL and FRL) subjected to tests predictive of antidepressant-like effects and (ii) investigate the influence of sex in the effects of CBD in both mice and rats. CBD induced an antidepressant-like effect in male Swiss but not in female Swiss or C57BL/6 mice in the tail suspension test (TST). In male FSL rats, CBD produced an antidepressant-like effect 1 h post injection. However, in female FSL, CBD induced a bimodal effect, increasing the immobility time at 1 h and decreasing it at 2 h. In conclusion, strain, sex, and administration time affect CBD's behavioral response to rodents exposed to tests predictive of antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P. Silote
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (M.C.G.)
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michelle C. Gatto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Amanda Eskelund
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Sâmia R. L. Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (M.C.G.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Carton L, Niot C, Kyheng M, Petrault M, Laloux C, Potey C, Lenski M, Bordet R, Deguil J. Lack of direct involvement of a diazepam long-term treatment in the occurrence of irreversible cognitive impairment: a pre-clinical approach. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:612. [PMID: 34857741 PMCID: PMC8640018 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several observational studies have found a link between the long-term use of benzodiazepines and dementia, which remains controversial. Our study was designed to assess (i) whether the long-term use of benzodiazepines, at two different doses, has an irreversible effect on cognition, (ii) and whether there is an age-dependent effect. One hundred and five C57Bl/6 male mice were randomly assigned to the 15 mg/kg/day, the 30 mg/kg/day diazepam-supplemented pellets, or the control group. Each group comprised mice aged 6 or 12 months at the beginning of the experiments and treated for 16 weeks. Two sessions of behavioral assessment were conducted: after 8 weeks of treatment and after treatment completion following a 1-week wash-out period. The mid-treatment test battery included the elevated plus maze test, the Y maze spontaneous alternation test, and the open field test. The post-treatment battery was upgraded with three additional tests: the novel object recognition task, the Barnes maze test, and the touchscreen-based paired-associated learning task. At mid-treatment, working memory was impaired in the 15 mg/kg diazepam group compared to the control group (p = 0.005). No age effect was evidenced. The post-treatment assessment of cognitive functions (working memory, visual recognition memory, spatial reference learning and memory, and visuospatial memory) did not significantly differ between groups. Despite a cognitive impact during treatment, the lack of cognitive impairment after long-term treatment discontinuation suggests that benzodiazepines alone do not cause irreversible deleterious effects on cognitive functions and supports the interest of discontinuation in chronically treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Carton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Candice Niot
- Pharmacy Service, Arras Hospital Center, 62000 Arras, France
| | - Maéva Kyheng
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, 59000 Lille, France ,grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Département de Biostatistiques, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maud Petrault
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Laloux
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Lille In vivo Imaging and Functional Exploration, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Potey
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Lenski
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483 - IMPECS – Impact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Deguil
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, 59000 Lille, France
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Fourman S, Buesing D, Girvin S, Nashawi H, Ulrich-Lai YM. Limited cheese intake reduces HPA axis and behavioral stress responses in male rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113614. [PMID: 34600921 PMCID: PMC8768985 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eating palatable foods reduces behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress - an idea referred to by the colloquial term "comfort" food. To study the underlying stress-relieving mechanisms of palatable foods, we previously developed a paradigm of limited sucrose feeding in which male rats are given twice-daily access to a small amount of sucrose drink and subsequently have reduced stress responses. Prior research in humans and rodents implicates high dietary sugars/carbohydrates with reduced stress responsivity. However, it is not clear whether the stress-relieving effects of the limited sucrose paradigm depend upon its macronutrient content. To test this idea, the current work measures stress responses in male rats following the limited intermittent intake of cheese - a highly palatable food that is low in sugar and other carbohydrates. The data show that a history of limited cheese intake (LCI) reduced HPA axis responses to acute psychological (restraint) and physiological (hypoxia) stressors. LCI also reduced behavioral struggling during restraint, increased sociability during a social interaction test, and increased open arm activity in the elevated plus-maze test. Z-score analyses evaluated the extent to which these behavioral effects extended within and across assays, and indicated that there was an overall reduction in stress-related behaviors following LCI. Finally, LCI increased immunolabeling for FosB/deltaFosB (a protein associated with repeated or chronic neuronal activation) in the nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that palatable foods can provide stress blunting regardless of their sugar/carbohydrate composition, and support the idea that food reward per se contributes to stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fourman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Dana Buesing
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Sean Girvin
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Houda Nashawi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA.
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113
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Giacometti LL, Huh JW, Raghupathi R. Sex and estrous-phase dependent alterations in depression-like behavior following mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:490-505. [PMID: 34850450 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), high school and collegiate-aged females tend to report more emotional symptoms than males. Adolescent male and female rats (35 days old) were subjected to mild TBI and evaluated for anxiety- and depression-like behaviors using the elevated plus maze and forced swim test (FST), respectively, and cellular alterations. Injured brains did not exhibit an overt lesion, atrophy of tissue or astrocytic reactivity underneath the impact site at 6-week post-injury, suggestive of the mild nature of trauma. Neither male nor female brain-injured rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior at 2 or 6 weeks, regardless of estrous phase at the time of behavior testing. Brain-injured male rats did not exhibit any alterations in immobility, swimming and climbing times in the FST compared to sham-injured rats at either 2- or 6-week post-injury. Brain-injured female rats did, however, exhibit an increase in immobility (in the absence of changes in swimming and climbing times) in the FST at 6 weeks post-injury only during the estrus phase of the estrous cycle, suggestive of a depression-like phenotype. Combined administration of the estrogen receptor antagonist, tamoxifen, and the progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone, during proestrus was able to prevent the depression-like phenotype observed during estrus. Taken together, these data suggest that female rats may be more vulnerable to exhibiting behavioral deficits following mild TBI and that estrous phase may play a role in depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Giacometti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jimmy W Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tschetter KE, Callahan LB, Flynn SA, Rahman S, Beresford TP, Ronan PJ. Early life stress and susceptibility to addiction in adolescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:277-302. [PMID: 34801172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for developing a host of psychiatric disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period for the onset of these disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). Here we discuss ELS and its effects in adolescence, especially SUDs, and their correlates with molecular changes to signaling systems in reward and stress neurocircuits. Using a maternal separation (MS) model of neonatal ELS, we studied a range of behaviors that comprise a "drug-seeking" phenotype. We then investigated potential mechanisms underlying the development of this phenotype. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and serotonin (5-HT) are widely believed to be involved in "stress-induced" disorders, including addiction. Here, we show that ELS leads to the development of a drug-seeking phenotype indicative of increased susceptibility to addiction and concomitant sex-dependent upregulation of CRF and 5-HT system components throughout extended brain reward/stress neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Tschetter
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - L B Callahan
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - S A Flynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - T P Beresford
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Rocky Mountain Regional, VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - P J Ronan
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Rocky Mountain Regional, VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Motaghi S, Moghaddam Dizaj Herik H, Sepehri G, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeli-Mahani S. The anxiolytic effect of salicylic acid is mediated via the GABAergic system in the fear potentiated plus maze behavior in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1133-1139. [PMID: 34797490 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound in plants with many beneficial effects for humans. The anxiolytic effect of this compound has been reported in animal models, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, by using the fear potentiated plus maze test, we evaluated the effect of salicylic acid on the gene expression of the main form of GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) synthesizing enzyme i.e., the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) which is called GAD1, in the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus, one of the main brain structures, in anxiety circuits. Also, the hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated. METHODS Animals were divided into the solvent, (SA) and diazepam treated groups (n = 6). For evaluating the anxiolytic effect of Salicylic acid, animals were subjected to 2 h of isolation, before placing them in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Afterward, the ventral part of the hippocampus was removed for evaluating the change in GAD1 gene expression by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) technique. The hypnotic effect of Salicylic acid was evaluated in the ketamine induced sleeping test. RESULTS Salicylic acid at 10 and 30 (mg/kg) increased time spent and entries to the open arms in the (EPM) (p < 0.05). (RTqPCR) revealed that 30 mg/kg of Salicylic acid increased GAD1 gene expression (p < 0.001). Salicylic acid (30 and 300 mg/kg) also increased the duration of sleep, in ketamine induced sleeping test (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that Salicylic acid has anxiolytic and hypnotic effects and it exerts its anxiolytic effect partly, via up the regulation of GAD1 in the ventral part of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Motaghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hadi Moghaddam Dizaj Herik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeli-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Almeida LDS, Cavalcante Santana IG, da Silva Moreira LK, Córdova Turones L, Sanz G, Vaz BG, de Carvalho FS, Lião LM, Menegatti R, Costa EA, de Brito AF. Neuropharmacological Activity of the New Piperazine Derivative 2-(4-((1- Phenyl-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)Methyl)Piperazin-1-yl)Ethyl Acetate is Modulated by Serotonergic and GABAergic Pathways. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:520-532. [PMID: 34781873 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211112173233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatments for mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, present several limitations and adverse effects. Therefore, new pharmacotherapy with anxiolytic and antidepressant potential is necessary, and the study of compounds capable of interacting with more than one pharmacological target may provide new therapeutic options. OBJECTIVES In this study, we proposed the design, synthesis of a new compound, 2-(4-((1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl acetate (LQFM192), pharmacological evaluation of its anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activities, as well as the possible mechanisms of action involved. METHODS Administration of LQFM192 was carried out prior to the exposure of male Swiss mice to behavioral tests, such as the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming test. The involvement of the serotonergic system was studied by pretreatment with WAY-100635 or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and the involvement of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor by pretreatment with flumazenil. RESULTS The treatment with LQFM192 at doses of 54 and 162 µmol/kg demonstrated anxiolyticlike activity that was blocked by WAY-100635, PCPA, and flumazenil pretreatments. The potential antidepressant-like activity was visualized at the same doses and blocked by WAY-100635 and PCPA. CONCLUSION In summary, the anxiolytic-like activity of LQFM192 is mediated by the serotonergic system and the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor, and the antidepressant-like activity through the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de Souza Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | | | - Lorrane Kelle da Silva Moreira
- 3 Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Larissa Córdova Turones
- 4Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Germán Sanz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Flávio S de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Elson Alves Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. Brazil
| | - Adriane Ferreira de Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO. 0
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Resistance exercise improves learning and memory and modulates hippocampal metabolomic profile in aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 766:136322. [PMID: 34737021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been considered an important non-medication intervention to preserve mnemonic processes during aging. However, how resistance exercise promotes such benefits remains unclear. A possible hypothesis is that brain-metabolic changes of regions responsible for memory consolidation is affected by muscular training. Therefore, we analyzed the memory, axiety and the metabolomic of aged male Wistar rats (19-20 months old in the 1st day of experiment) submitted to a 12-week resistance exercise protocol (EX, n = 11) or which remained without physical exercise (CTL, n = 13). Barnes maze, elevated plus maze and inhibitory avoidance tests were used to assess the animals' behaviour. The metabolomic profile was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. EX group had better performance in the tests of learning and spatial memory in Barnes maze, and an increase of short and long-term aversive memories formation in inhibitory avoidance. In addition, the exercised animals showed a greater amount of metabolites, such as 4-aminobutyrate, acetate, butyrate, choline, fumarate, glycerol, glycine, histidine, hypoxanthine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, niacinamide, phenylalanine, succinate, tyrosine, valine and a reduction of ascorbate and aspartate compared to the control animals. These data indicate that the improvement in learning and memory of aged rats submitted to resistance exercise program is associated by changes in the hippocampal metabolomic profile.
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Chan JZ, Fernandes MF, Hashemi A, Grewal RS, Mardian EB, Bradley RM, Duncan RE. Age-associated increase in anxiety-like behavior in Lpaatδ/Agpat4 knockout mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Beaver JN, Gilman TL. Salt as a non-caloric behavioral modifier: A review of evidence from pre-clinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 135:104385. [PMID: 34634356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Though excess salt intake is well-accepted as a dietary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, relatively little has been explored about how it impacts behavior, despite the ubiquity of salt in modern diets. Given the challenges of manipulating salt intake in humans, non-human animals provide a more tractable means for evaluating behavioral sequelae of high salt. By describing what is known about the impact of elevated salt on behavior, this review highlights how underexplored salt's behavioral effects are. Increased salt consumption in adulthood does not affect spontaneous anxiety-related behaviors or locomotor activity, nor acquisition of maze or fear tasks, but does impede expression of spatial/navigational and fear memory. Nest building is reduced by heightened salt in adults, and stress responsivity is augmented. When excess salt exposure occurs during development, and/or to parents, offspring locomotion is increased, and both spatial memory expression and social investigation are attenuated. The largely consistent findings reviewed here indicate expanded study of salt's effects will likely uncover broader behavioral implications, particularly in the scarcely studied female sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin N Beaver
- Department of Psychological Sciences & Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
| | - T Lee Gilman
- Department of Psychological Sciences & Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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Almohaimeed HM, Albadawi EA, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Alghabban HM, Seleem HS, Ramadan OI, Ayuob NN. Brain-derived Neurotropic factor (BDNF) mediates the protective effect of Cucurbita pepo L. on salivary glands of rats exposed to chronic stress evident by structural, biochemical and molecular study. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20201080. [PMID: 34614119 PMCID: PMC8523095 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and chronic stresses affect the salivary glands, representing the source of plasma BDNF during stressful conditions. Pumpkin is a medicinal plant with an evident antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the structural and biochemical effects induced by exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on salivary glands of albino rats, and to evaluate the role of pumpkin extract (Pump) in ameliorating this effect. METHODOLOGY Four groups (n=10 each) of male albino rats were included in this study: the control, CUMS, Fluoxetine-treated and Pump-treated. The corticosterone, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the oxidant/antioxidant profile were all assessed in the serum. The level of BDNF mRNA was measured in the salivary glands using qRT-PCR. Histopathological changes of the salivary glands were also assessed. RESULTS The depressive-like status was confirmed behaviorally and biochemically. Exposure to CUMS significantly up-regulated (p<0.001) the level of serum corticosterone. CUMS induced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal elements of the salivary glands evident by increased apoptosis. Both Fluoxetine and Pumpkin significantly up-regulated (p<0.001) BDNF expression in the salivary glands and ameliorated the CUMS-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in the salivary glands. Pumpkin significantly (p<0.001) increased the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT, and reduced the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6. CONCLUSION Pumpkin ameliorates the depressive-like status induced in rats following exposure to chronic stress through exerting a promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-depressant-like effects. The pumpkin, subsequently, improved stress-induced structural changes in the salivary glands that might be due to up-regulation of BDNF expression in the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), College of Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A Albadawi
- Taibah University, College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- University of Tabuk, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadel M Alghabban
- University of Taibah, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Shebin ElKoum, Menofia, Egypt.,Qassim University, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama I Ramadan
- Al Azhar University, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Histology Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasra N Ayuob
- Damietta University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Histology, Damietta, Egypt
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121
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Li Z, Rizzi G, Tan KR. Zona incerta subpopulations differentially encode and modulate anxiety. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6709. [PMID: 34516764 PMCID: PMC8442884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical observations linking the zona incerta (ZI) to anxiety, little is known about whether and how the ZI processes anxiety. Here, we subject mice to anxious experiences and observe an increase in ZI c-fos–labeled neurons and single-cell calcium activity as well as an efficient effect of ZI infusion of diazepam, a classical anxiolytic drug. We further identify that somatostatin (SOM)–, calretinin (CR)–, and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (Vglut2)–expressing cells display unique electrophysiological profiles; however, they similarly respond to anxiety-provoking stimuli and to diazepam. Optogenetic manipulations reveal that each of these ZI neuronal populations triggers specific anxiety-related behavioral phenotypes. Activation of SOM-expressing neurons induced anxiety, while photoactivation of CR-positive cells and photoinhibition of Vglut2-expressing neurons produce anxiolysis. Furthermore, activation of CR- and Vglut2-positive cells provokes rearing and jumps, respectively. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that ZI subpopulations encode and modulate different components of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Li
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Rizzi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly R. Tan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Santos-Costa N, Baptista-de-Souza D, Canto-de-Souza L, Fresca da Costa V, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Controls the Functional Lateralization of the mPFC in the Modulation of Anxiety Induced by Social Defeat Stress in Male Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:695735. [PMID: 34497496 PMCID: PMC8419264 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.695735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is anatomically divided into cingulate (Cg1), prelimbic (PrL), and infralimbic (IL) subareas. The left and right mPFC (L and RmPFC) process emotional responses induced by stress-related stimuli, and LmPFC and RmPFC inhibition elicit anxiogenesis and anxiolysis, respectively. Here we sought to investigate (i) the mPFC functional laterality on social avoidance/anxiogenic-like behaviors in male mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (SDS), (ii) the effects of left prelimbic (PrL) inhibition (with local injection of CoCl2) on the RmPFC glutamatergic neuronal activation pattern (immunofluorescence assay), and (iii) the effects of the dorsal right mPFC (Cg1 + PrL) NMDA receptor blockade (with local injection of AP7) on the anxiety induced by left dorsal mPFC inhibition in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM). Results showed that chronic SDS induced anxiogenic-like behaviors followed by the rise of ΔFosB labeling and by ΔFosB + CaMKII double-labeling bilaterally in the Cg1 and IL subareas of the mPFC. Chronic SDS also increased ΔFosB and by ΔFosB + CaMKII labeling only on the right PrL. Also, the left PrL inhibition increased cFos + CaMKII labeling in the contralateral PrL and IL. Moreover, anxiogenesis induced by the left PrL inhibition was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist AP7 injected into the right PrL. These findings suggest the lateralized control of the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the modulation of emotional-like responses in mice subjected to chronic SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Santos-Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar- Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Fresca da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar- Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar- Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Carlos, Brazil
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123
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Khafaga AF, El-Kazaz SE, Noreldin AE. Boswellia serrata suppress fipronil-induced neuronal necrosis and neurobehavioral alterations via promoted inhibition of oxidative/inflammatory/apoptotic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147384. [PMID: 33933775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid derived from the gum-resin of Boswellia serrate. It is known for its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It has improved spatial learning and provides neuroprotection against trimethyltin-induced memory impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective activity of B. serrata extract (BSE) containing BA against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in Wister male albino rats. Sixty male rats were allocated equally into six groups. The first group served as control; the second and third groups received BSE at two different oral doses (250 or 500 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). The fourth group was orally intoxicated with FPN (20 mg/kg BW), whereas the fifth and sixth groups served as preventive groups and co-treated with FPN (20 mg/kg BW) and BSE (250 or 500 mg/kg BW, respectively). The experiment was conducted over 8 weeks period. Results revealed that co-treatment with BSE led to significant (p > 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), Cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serotonin, and acetylcholine (ACh). Conversely, significant (p > 0.05) up regulation of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) has reported in BSE-co-treated groups. In addition, significant (p > 0.05) promotion in neurobehaviours, histopathologic imaging of the cerebral, cerebellar, and hippocampal regions, and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also reported in the BSE-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, BSE (500 mg/kg BW) is a natural, promising neuroprotective agent that can mitigate FPN-induced neurobehavioral toxicity via the suppression of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways and relieve neuronal necrosis and astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Sara E El-Kazaz
- Animals and Poultry Behavior and Management, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt.
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124
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Zarrabian S, Jamali S, Fazli-Tabaei S, Haghparast A. The cross-talk between dopaminergic and nitric oxide systems in the medial septal nucleus, and their distinct effects on anxiety-like behaviors in male rats. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:124-135. [PMID: 34198193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders, which have a noticeable global prevalence and may be caused by many factors, include a spectrum of disorders that share features of excessive fear- and anxiety-related behavioral disturbances. Different brain areas and neurotransmitter systems have been under investigation for anxiety-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the possible interaction between the dopaminergic and nitric oxide (NO) neurotransmitter systems in the medial septal nucleus and their roles in anxiety-like behaviors using elevated plus-maze (EPM) test in male rats. Our results showed that: (i) both D1-and D2-like receptor agonists, SKF-38393 and quinpirole, augmented anxiety-like behaviors at their two highest applied doses in the EPM test; (ii) both D1-and D2-like receptor antagonists, SCH- 23390 and sulpiride, reduced anxiety-like behaviors at their two highest applied doses in the EPM test; (iii) L-Arginine, a NO precursor, increased anxiety-like behaviors, but L-NAME, a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, reduced them in the EPM test; (iv) L-NAME could not reverse the anxiety-like parameters produced by SKF-38393, but it significantly reduced the anxiety-like behaviors induced by quinpirole; (v) Neither SCH- 23390 nor sulpiride changed anxiety-related behaviors induced by L-Arginine. It can be concluded that both dopaminergic and nitric oxide systems in the medial septal nucleus are involved in modulating anxiety-like behaviors. While NO has an involvement in the exerted effects by the D2-like agonist, such effects were not observed at the applied range of the doses for D1-and D2-like antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Zarrabian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Fazli-Tabaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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125
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El Brouzi MY, Lamtai M, Zghari O, Ouakki S, Azizoun I, El Hessni A, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A. Intrahippocampal Effects of Nickel Injection on the Affective and Cognitive Response in Wistar Rat: Potential Role of Oxidative Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3382-3392. [PMID: 33230633 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on affective and cognitive behaviors in male Wistar rats, following direct and unique exposure to nickel chloride (NiCl2), as well as the possible involvement of oxidative stress. The rats were exposed to NiCl2 (300 μM), by intracerebral administration of 2 μL of this metal at the right hippocampus, using the stereotaxic approach. Five days after the surgery, a battery of behavioral tests was performed, including the open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) to assess the state of anxiety-like behavior and forced swimming test (FST) for depressive-like behavior. Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) were used to evaluate working memory and spatial learning. Thereafter, oxidative stress markers of the hippocampus were evaluated. The results confirm that NiCl2 exerts anxiogenic effects in both anxiety tests and depressogenic effects in the FST. In addition, MWM and Y-maze data show that NiCl2 causes memory and spatial learning disorders. The biochemical assay results showed that intrahippocampal injection of NiCl2 increased the levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001), while the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in the hippocampus (p < 0.01). Overall, these results suggest that NiCl2 causes affective and cognitive disorders and oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine El Brouzi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco.
| | - Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Azizoun
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco
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126
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Lovick TA, Zangrossi H. Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711065. [PMID: 34531768 PMCID: PMC8438218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions e.g., premenstrual syndrome, are menstrual cycle specific. Animal models of fear and anxiety, which form the basis for research into drug treatments, have been developed almost exclusively, using males. There remains a paucity of work using females and the available literature presents a confusing picture. One confound is the estrous cycle in females, which some authors consider, but many do not. Importantly, there are no accepted standardized criteria for defining cycle phase, which is important given the rapidly changing hormonal profile during the 4-day cycle of rodents. Moreover, since many behavioral tests that involve a learning component or that consider extinction of a previously acquired association require several days to complete; the outcome may depend on the phase of the cycle on the days of training as well as on test days. In this article we consider responsiveness of females compared to males in a number of commonly used behavioral tests of anxiety and fear that were developed in male rodents. We conclude that females perform in a qualitatively similar manner to males in most tests although there may be sex and strain differences in sensitivity. Tests based on unconditioned threatening stimuli are significantly influenced by estrous cycle phase with animals displaying increased responsiveness in the late diestrus phase of the cycle (similar to the premenstrual phase in women). Tests that utilize conditioned fear paradigms, which involve a learning component appear to be less impacted by the estrous cycle although sex and cycle-related differences in responding can still be detected. Ethologically-relevant tests appear to have more translational value in females. However, even when sex differences in behavior are not detected, the same outward behavioral response may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. In order to progress basic research in the field of female psychiatry and psychopharmacology, there is a pressing need to validate and standardize experimental protocols for using female animal models of anxiety-related states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma A. Lovick
- Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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127
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Bianchi PC, Costa-Ferreira W, Tomeo RA, Cruz FC, Crestani CC. CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis differently modulate anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110284. [PMID: 33609604 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in anxiety, but the brain sites involved are not completely understood. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been related to anxiety and responses to aversive threats. Besides, endocannabinoid neurotransmission acting via CB1 receptors was identified in the BNST. However, the presence of CB2 receptors and the role of BNST endocannabinoid system in anxiety-like behaviors have never been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the BNST and their role in anxiety-like behaviors. For this, gene expression of the endocannabinoid receptors was evaluated in samples from anterior and posterior BNST. Besides, behaviors were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) in unstressed rats (trait anxiety-like behavior) and after exposure to restraint stress (restraint-evoked anxiety-like behavior) in rats treated with either the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 or the CB2 receptor antagonist JTE907 into the anterior BNST. The presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors gene expression was identified in anterior and posterior divisions of the BNST. Bilateral microinjection of AM251 into the anterior BNST dose-dependently increased EPM open arms exploration in unstressed animals and inhibited the anxiety-like behavior in the EPM evoked by restraint. Conversely, intra-BNST microinjection of JTE907 decreased EPM open arms exploration in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited restraint-evoked behavioral changes in the EPM. Taken together, these results indicate that CB1 and CB2 receptors present in the BNST are involved in control of anxiety-like behaviors, and control by the latter is affected by previous stress experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula C Bianchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Tomeo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio C Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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128
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Molina SJ, Lietti ÁE, Carreira Caro CS, Buján GE, Guelman LR. Effects of early noise exposure on hippocampal-dependent behaviors during adolescence in male rats: influence of different housing conditions. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:103-120. [PMID: 34322771 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) development is a very complex process that can be altered by environmental stimuli such as noise, which can generate long-term auditory and/or extra-auditory impairments. We have previously reported that early noise exposure can induce hippocampus-related behavioral alterations in postnatal day (PND) 28 adolescent rats. Furthermore, we recently found biochemical modifications in the hippocampus (HC) of these animals that seemed to endure even in more mature animals (i.e. PND35) and that have not been studied along with behavioral correlates. Thus, the aim of this work was to reveal novel data about the effects of early noise exposure on hippocampal-dependent behaviors in more mature animals. Additionally, extended enriched environment (EE) housing was evaluated to determine its capacity to induce behavioral modifications, either by its neuroprotective ability or the greater stimulation that it generates. Male Wistar rats were exposed to different noise schemes at PND7 or PND15. Upon weaning, some animals were transferred to EE whereas others were kept in standard cages. At PND35, different hippocampal-dependent behavioral assessments were performed. Results showed noise-induced behavioral changes that differed according to the scheme and age of exposure used. In addition, housing in an EE was effective either in preventing some of these changes or in inducing the appearance of new behavioral modifications. These findings suggest that CNS development would be sensitive to the effects of different type of environmental stimuli such as noise or enriched housing, leading to maladaptive behavioral changes that last even until adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jazmín Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Piso 15, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ángel Emanuel Lietti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Piso 15, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Sofía Carreira Caro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Piso 15, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ezequiel Buján
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Ruth Guelman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Piso 15, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, 1ª Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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129
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Antidepressant-Like Properties of Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070505. [PMID: 34357977 PMCID: PMC8310221 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s patients often suffer from depression and anxiety, for which there are no optimal treatments. Hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats were used to test whether intrastriatal Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) application could also have antidepressant-like properties in addition to the known improvement of motor performance. To quantify depression- and anxiety-like behavior, the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test were applied to hemi-PD rats injected with BoNT-A or vehicle. Furthermore, we correlated the results in the forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test with the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine and amphetamine. Hemi-PD rats did not show significant anxiety-like behavior as compared with Sham 6-OHDA- + Sham BoNT-A-injected as well as with non-injected rats. However, hemi-PD rats demonstrated increased depression-like behaviors compared with Sham- or non-injected rats; this was seen by increased struggling frequency and increased immobility frequency. Hemi-PD rats intrastriatally injected with BoNT-A exhibited reduced depression-like behavior compared with the respective vehicle-receiving hemi-PD animals. The significant effects of intrastriatally applied BoNT-A seen in the forced swim test are reminiscent of those found after various antidepressant drug therapies. Our data correspond with the efficacy of BoNT-A treatment of glabellar frown lines in treating patients with major depression and suggest that also intrastriatal injected BoNT-A may have some antidepressant-like effect on hemi-PD.
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130
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Evans MJ, Jenkins MD, Berry JN. Low but not moderate amounts of caffeine increase co-consumption of ethanol in C57BL/6J mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 208:173221. [PMID: 34237301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasingly popular combination of "energy drinks" containing high amounts of caffeine and alcohol has been shown to induce a stimulated, rather than sedated, state which may result in increased binge drinking and increased risk for alcohol-attributable accidents. We sought to examine consumption patterns of and withdrawal from alcohol and caffeine using a voluntary co-consumption animal model. Male and female adult C57BL/6J mice were given access to increasing doses of caffeine (0.01-0.05%) and/or alcohol (3-20%) in a two-bottle choice, intermittent access voluntary paradigm with fluid consumption recorded daily. Anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal was assessed via elevated plus maze or open field test in experiment 2. Increasing both alcohol and caffeine simultaneously in Experiment 1 resulted in no significant changes in co-consumption compared to mice given access to only alcohol or caffeine. Experiment 2 held caffeine concentration steady while slowly increasing alcohol content and resulted in mice consuming more alcohol when it was consumed in tandem with low dose caffeine. Both male and female mice consumed more caffeine when it was paired with alcohol; however, no significant differences were observed during withdrawal behavior. These results suggest that caffeine may dose-dependently positively influence alcohol consumption in mice and echo clinical literature suggesting that caffeine and alcohol together may result in a heightened state of stimulation and lead to further binge drinking. The intermittent access paradigm affords increased translational validity regarding investigations of alcohol and caffeine co-consumption and may be useful in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms concerning co-consumption of such substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Evans
- Butler University, Department of Psychology, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States of America
| | - Montana D Jenkins
- Butler University, Department of Psychology, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N Berry
- Butler University, Department of Psychology, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, United States of America.
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131
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Salviato BZ, Raymundi AM, Rodrigues da Silva T, Salemme BW, Batista Sohn JM, Araújo FS, Guimarães FS, Bertoglio LJ, Stern CA. Female but not male rats show biphasic effects of low doses of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety: can cannabidiol interfere with these effects? Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108684. [PMID: 34181978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa. It can produce dose-dependent anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects in males. THC effects on anxiety have scarcely been studied in females, despite their higher prevalence of anxiety disorders. Cannabidiol, another phytocannabinoid, has been reported to attenuate anxiety and some THC-induced effects. The present study aimed to investigate the behavioral and neurochemical effects of THC administered alone or combined with CBD in naturally cycling female rats tested in the elevated plus-maze. Systemically administered THC produced biphasic effects in females, anxiolytic at low doses (0.075 or 0.1 mg/kg) and anxiogenic at a higher dose (1.0 mg/kg). No anxiety changes were observed in males treated with the same THC dose range. The anxiogenic effect of THC was prevented by co-administration of CBD (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg). CBD (3.0 mg/kg) caused an anxiolytic effect. At a lower dose (1.0 mg/kg), it facilitated the anxiolytic effect of the low THC dose. The anxiogenic effect of THC was accompanied by increased dopamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). In contrast, its anxiolytic effect was associated with increased mPFC serotonin concentrations. The anxiolytic effect of CBD was accompanied by increased mPFC serotonin turnover. Together, these results indicate that female rats are susceptible to the biphasic effects of low THC doses on anxiety. These effects could depend on mPFC and NAc dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmissions. CBD could minimize potential THC high-dose side effects whereas enhancing the anxiolytic action of its low doses in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Raymundi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leandro José Bertoglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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132
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Shi X, Bai H, Wang J, Wang J, Huang L, He M, Zheng X, Duan Z, Chen D, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J. Behavioral Assessment of Sensory, Motor, Emotion, and Cognition in Rodent Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:667511. [PMID: 34220676 PMCID: PMC8248664 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.667511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and has one of the highest fatality rates of any disease. There are many clinical signs and symptoms after ICH due to brain cell injury and network disruption resulted from the rupture of a tiny artery and activation of inflammatory cells, such as motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and emotional disturbance, etc. Thus, researchers have established many tests to evaluate behavioral changes in rodent ICH models, in order to achieve a better understanding and thus improvements in the prognosis for the clinical treatment of stroke. This review summarizes existing protocols that have been applied to assess neurologic function outcomes in the rodent ICH models such as pain, motor, cognition, and emotion tests. Pain tests include mechanical, hot, and cold pain tests; motor tests include the following 12 types: neurologic deficit scale test, staircase test, rotarod test, cylinder test, grid walk test, forelimb placing test, wire hanging test, modified neurologic severity score, beam walking test, horizontal ladder test, and adhesive removal test; learning and memory tests include Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test; emotion tests include elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test, and forced swim test. This review discusses these assessments by examining their rationale, setup, duration, baseline, procedures as well as comparing their pros and cons, thus guiding researchers to select the most appropriate behavioral tests for preclinical ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Zhengzhou University Hospital Outpatient Surgery Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Keieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meimei He
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zitian Duan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School, Dumfries, VA, United States
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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133
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Lovelace JW, Rais M, Palacios AR, Shuai XS, Bishay S, Popa O, Pirbhoy PS, Binder DK, Nelson DL, Ethell IM, Razak KA. Deletion of Fmr1 from Forebrain Excitatory Neurons Triggers Abnormal Cellular, EEG, and Behavioral Phenotypes in the Auditory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:969-988. [PMID: 31364704 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of autism with symptoms that include sensory processing deficits. In both humans with FXS and a mouse model [Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse], electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings show enhanced resting state gamma power and reduced sound-evoked gamma synchrony. We previously showed that elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may contribute to these phenotypes by affecting perineuronal nets (PNNs) around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the auditory cortex of Fmr1 KO mice. However, how different cell types within local cortical circuits contribute to these deficits is not known. Here, we examined whether Fmr1 deletion in forebrain excitatory neurons affects neural oscillations, MMP-9 activity, and PV/PNN expression in the auditory cortex. We found that cortical MMP-9 gelatinase activity, mTOR/Akt phosphorylation, and resting EEG gamma power were enhanced in CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y conditional KO (cKO) mice, whereas the density of PV/PNN cells was reduced. The CreNex1/Fmr1Flox/y cKO mice also show increased locomotor activity, but not the anxiety-like behaviors. These results indicate that fragile X mental retardation protein changes in excitatory neurons in the cortex are sufficient to elicit cellular, electrophysiological, and behavioral phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice. More broadly, these results indicate that local cortical circuit abnormalities contribute to sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Otilia Popa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine
| | | | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Department of Psychology.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521,USA
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134
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Ohmura Y, Iwami K, Chowdhury S, Sasamori H, Sugiura C, Bouchekioua Y, Nishitani N, Yamanaka A, Yoshioka M. Disruption of model-based decision making by silencing of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2446-2454.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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135
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Exploratory drive, fear, and anxiety are dissociable and independent components in foraging mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:318. [PMID: 34039953 PMCID: PMC8155035 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-like behavior of rodents is frequently accompanied by reduced exploration. Here, we identify dissociable components of anxiety, fear, and exploratory drive of sated and foraging mice. With the help of behavioral assays, including the open field task, elevated plus maze, dark-light transition task, and beetle mania task, we demonstrate a general increase in exploration by food restriction. Food-restricted mice bred for high anxiety behavior (HAB) showed ameliorated anxiety- but not fear-related behavior. By means of principal component analysis, we identified three independent components, which resemble the behavioral dimensions proposed by Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (approach behavior, avoidance behavior, and decision making). Taken together, we demonstrate anxiolytic consequences of food restriction in a mouse model of anxiety disorders that can be dissociated from a general increase in foraging behavior.
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136
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Balgoon MJ, Al-Zahrani MH, Jaouni SA, Ayuob N. Combined Oral and Topical Application of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Alleviates Contact Dermatitis Associated With Depression Through Downregulation Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663417. [PMID: 34040528 PMCID: PMC8141732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and contact dermatitis (CD) are considered relatively common health problems that are linked with psychological stress. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities of pumpkin were previously reported. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined topical and oral application of pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) extract (PE) in relieving CD associated with chronic stress-induced depression and compare it to the topical pumpkin extract alone and to the standard treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks for induction of depression and then exposed to (1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) for 2 weeks for induction of CD. Those rats were assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 each); untreated, betamethasone-treated, PE-treated and pumpkin extract cream, and oral-treated groups. Treatments were continued for 2 weeks. All groups were compared to the negative control group (n = 10). Depression was behaviorally and biochemically confirmed. Serum and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, were assessed. Oxidant/antioxidant profile was assessed in the serum and skin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of affected skin samples were performed. Results: Pumpkin extract, used in this study, included a large amount of oleic acid (about 56%). The combined topical and oral administration of PE significantly reduced inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by CD and depression compared to the CD standard treatment and to the topical PE alone. PE significantly alleviated CD signs and the histopathological score (p < 0.001) mostly through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the upregulation of antioxidants. Conclusion: Pumpkin extract, applied topically and orally, could be an alternative and/or complementary approach for treating contact dermatitis associated with depression. Further studies on volunteer patients of contact dermatitis are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Jameal Balgoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasra Ayuob
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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137
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Pentkowski NS, Rogge-Obando KK, Donaldson TN, Bouquin SJ, Clark BJ. Anxiety and Alzheimer's disease: Behavioral analysis and neural basis in rodent models of Alzheimer's-related neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:647-658. [PMID: 33979573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is commonly associated with cognitive decline but is also composed of neuropsychiatric symptoms including psychological distress and alterations in mood, including anxiety and depression. Emotional dysfunction in AD is frequently modeled using tests of anxiety-like behavior in transgenic rodents. These tests often include the elevated plus-maze, light/dark test and open field test. In this review, we describe prototypical behavioral paradigms used to examine emotional dysfunction in transgenic models of AD, specifically anxiety-like behavior. Next, we summarize the results of studies examining anxiety-like behavior in transgenic rodents, noting that the behavioral outcomes using these paradigms have produced inconsistent results. We suggest that future research will benefit from using a battery of tests to examine emotional behavior in transgenic AD models. We conclude by discussing putative, overlapping neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD-related neuropathology, stress and anxiety-like behavior reported in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Pentkowski
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, Mexico.
| | | | - Tia N Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, Mexico
| | - Samuel J Bouquin
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, Mexico
| | - Benjamin J Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, Mexico.
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138
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Hassanen EI, Ibrahim MA, Hassan AM, Mehanna S, Aljuaydi SH, Issa MY. Neuropathological and Cognitive Effects Induced by CuO-NPs in Rats and Trials for Prevention Using Pomegranate Juice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1264-1279. [PMID: 33570729 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are extensively utilized in several industries and in pharmaceutical production. This excess exposure elevates the concern about its expected poisonous impacts on humans and animals. Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a natural source of polyphenols and exhibits potent antioxidant activities. Our experiment intended to explore the neurobehavioral and toxicopathological impacts of CuO-NPs and to explain the mechanistic role of PJ to reduce their toxicity. Thirty Wistar albino rats received the subsequent materials through oral gavage, every day for 28d: (1) normal saline, (2) 3 mL/kg bwt PJ, (3) 6 mL/kg bwt PJ, (4) 300 mg/kg bwt CuO-NPs, (5) CuO-NPs + 3 mL/kg bwt PJ, (6) CuO-NPs + 6 mL/kg bwt PJ. Continuous exposure to CuO-NPs caused a significant elevation of MDA levels and reduction of total antioxidant capacity associated with remarkable pathological alterations in all brain regions including cerebrum, hippocampus and cerebellum. Progressive decline of memory along with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances were observed in rats exposed to CuO-NPs not in PJ co-treated rats. Continuous exposure to CuO-NPs caused over expression of the immunohistochemical markers of caspase-3, iNOS and GFAP altogether with DAN fragmentation and down-regulation of HO-1 and Nrf2 gene in the whole brain tissues. Conversely, rats co-treated with PJ showed dose dependent improvements in the entire toxicological, behavioral, and pathological parameters. We showed that PJ had the ability to reduce the oxidative stress damage via up-regulation of HO-1 and Nrf2 genes in the brain. So that PJ had the ability to protect the brain and DNA from further damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene and Management, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samira H Aljuaydi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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139
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Pádua-Reis M, Nôga DA, Tort ABL, Blunder M. Diazepam causes sedative rather than anxiolytic effects in C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9335. [PMID: 33927265 PMCID: PMC8085115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazepam has been broadly accepted as an anxiolytic drug and is often used as a positive control in behavioral experiments with mice. However, as opposed to this general assumption, the effect of diazepam on mouse behavior can be considered rather controversial from an evidence point of view. Here we revisit this issue by studying the effect of diazepam on a benchmark task in the preclinical anxiety literature: the elevated plus maze. We evaluated the minute-by-minute time-course of the diazepam effect along the 10 min of the task at three different doses (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg i.p. 30 min before the task) in female and male C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, we contrasted the effects of diazepam with those of a selective serotoninergic reuptake inhibitor (paroxetine, 10 mg/kg i.p. 1 h before the task). Diazepam had no anxiolytic effect at any of the tested doses, and, at the highest dose, it impaired locomotor activity, likely due to sedation. Noteworthy, our results held true when examining male and female mice separately, when only examining the first 5 min of the task, and when animals were subjected to one hour of restrain-induced stress prior to diazepam treatment. In contrast, paroxetine significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior without inducing sedative effects. Our results therefore suggest that preclinical studies for screening new anxiolytic drugs should be cautious with diazepam use as a potential positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pádua-Reis
- Behavioral Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana Aline Nôga
- Behavioral Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Behavioral Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056, Brazil
| | - Martina Blunder
- Behavioral Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
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140
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Rittweger N, Ishorst T, Barmashenko G, Aliane V, Winter C, Funke K. Effects of iTBS-rTMS on the Behavioral Phenotype of a Rat Model of Maternal Immune Activation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:670699. [PMID: 33967716 PMCID: PMC8098712 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.670699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a promising therapeutic tool for treating neuropsychiatric diseases. Previously, we found intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS to be most effective in modulating cortical excitation-inhibition balance in rats, accompanied by improved cortical sensory processing and sensory learning performance. Using an animal schizophrenia model based on maternal immune activation (MIA) we tested if iTBS applied to either adult or juvenile rats can affect the behavioral phenotype in a therapeutic or preventive manner, respectively. In a sham-controlled fashion, iTBS effects in MIA rats were compared with rats receiving vehicle NaCl injection instead of the synthetic viral strand. Prior to iTBS, adult MIA rats showed deficits in sensory gating, as tested with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, and deficits in novel object recognition (NOR). No differences between MIA and control rats were evident with regard to signs of anxiety, anhedonia and depression but MIA rats were somewhat superior to controls during the training phase of Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. MIA but not control rats significantly improved in PPI following iTBS at adulthood but without significant differences between verum and sham application. If applied during adolescence, verum but not sham-iTBS improved NOR at adulthood but no difference in PPI was evident in rats treated either with sham or verum-iTBS. MIA and control rat responses to sham-iTBS applied at adulthood differed remarkably, indicating a different physiological reaction to the experimental experiences. Although verum-iTBS was not superior to sham-iTBS, MIA rats seemed to benefit from the treatment procedure in general, since differences-in relation to control rats declined or disappeared. Even if classical placebo effects can be excluded, motor or cognitive challenges or the entire handling procedure during the experiments appear to alleviate the behavioral impairments of MIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rittweger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Ishorst
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gleb Barmashenko
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,AIO-Studien-gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Aliane
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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141
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Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Volodina MA, Merchieva SA, Andreeva LA, Kudrin VS, Myasoedov NF, Levitskaya NG. Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats. Neuropeptides 2021; 86:102114. [PMID: 33418449 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly used to treat depression during pregnancy. SSRIs cross the placenta and may influence the maturation of the foetal brain. Clinical and preclinical findings suggest long-term consequences of SSRI perinatal exposure for the offspring. The mechanisms of SSRI effects on developing brain remain largely unknown and there are no directional approaches for prevention of the consequences of maternal SSRI treatment during pregnancy. The heptapeptide Semax (MEHFPGP) is a synthetic analogue of ACTH(4-10) which exerts marked nootropic and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of neonatal exposure to the SSRI fluvoxamine (FA) in white rats. Additionally, the study examined the potential for Semax to prevent the negative consequences of neonatal FA exposure. Rat pups received FA or vehicle injections on postnatal days 1-14, a time period equivalent to 27-40 weeks of human foetal age. After FA treatment, rats were administered with Semax or vehicle on postnatal days 15-28. During the 2nd month of life, the rats underwent behavioural testing, and monoamine levels in brain structures were measured. It was shown that neonatal FA exposure leads to the impaired emotional response to stress and novelty and delayed acquisition of food-motivated maze task in adolescent and young adult rats. Furthermore, FA exposure induced alterations in the monoamine levels in brains of 1- and 2- month-old rats. Semax administration reduced the anxiety-like behaviour, improved learning abilities and normalized the levels of brain biogenic amines impaired by the FA exposure. The results demonstrate that early-life FA exposure in rat pups produces long-term disturbances in their anxiety-related behaviour, learning abilities, and brain monoamines content. Semax exerts a favourable effect on behaviour and biogenic amine system of rats exposed to the antidepressant. Thus, peptide Semax can prevent behavioural deficits caused by altered 5-HT levels during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yu Glazova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Daria M Manchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Maria A Volodina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Bioelectric Interfaces, NRU HSE, 13-4 Myasnitskaya, Moscow 109028, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Merchieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Andreeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Kudrin
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology RAMS, 8 Baltiyskaya, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalia G Levitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia; Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
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142
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Jung T, Noh J. Alteration of fear behaviors in sleep-deprived adolescent rats: increased fear expression and delayed fear extinction. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:83-92. [PMID: 34234889 PMCID: PMC8118405 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1902854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of sleep due to acute or chronic stress can lead to changes in emotional memory processing. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but still, the contribution of sleep deprivation on the susceptibility to PTSD has received little attention. To determine whether rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (SD) alters the development of fear expression or fear-associated memory impairment in adolescent rats, we performed animal emotional behavior tests using an SD animal model with the flowerpot technique. SD rats showed an increase in locomotor activity frequency and a decrease in sucrose consumption compared to control rats. An increase in freezing behavior during shock trials was observed in SD rats. Noticeably, it was observed that when applying the SD condition after fear stimuli exposure, fear extinction was delayed more in SD rats than in control rats. Overall, these results indicate that SD in adolescent rats leads to increased locomotor activity and anhedonic behavior, as well as increased fear expression and delayed fear extinction, suggesting that SD would lead to increased severity of PTSD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesub Jung
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Noh
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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143
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Shoji H, Miyakawa T. Effects of test experience, closed-arm wall color, and illumination level on behavior and plasma corticosterone response in an elevated plus maze in male C57BL/6J mice: a challenge against conventional interpretation of the test. Mol Brain 2021; 14:34. [PMID: 33588907 PMCID: PMC7885464 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated plus maze test is a widely used test for assessing anxiety-like behavior and screening novel therapeutic agents in rodents. Previous studies have shown that a variety of internal factors and procedural variables can influence elevated plus maze behavior. Although some studies have suggested a link between behavior and plasma corticosterone levels, the relationships between them remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of experience with a battery of behavioral tests, the wall color of the closed arms, and illumination level on the behavior and plasma corticosterone responses in the elevated plus maze in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were either subjected to a series of behavioral tests, including assessments of general health and neurological function, a light/dark transition test, and an open field test, or left undisturbed until the start of the elevated plus maze test. The mice with and without test battery experience were allowed to freely explore the elevated plus maze. The other two independent groups of naïve mice were tested in mazes with closed arms with different wall colors (clear, transparent blue, white, and black) or different illumination levels (5, 100, and 800 lx). Immediately after the test, blood was collected to measure plasma corticosterone concentrations. Mice with test battery experience showed a lower percentage of open arm time and entries and, somewhat paradoxically, had lower plasma corticosterone levels than the mice with no test battery experience. Mice tested in the maze with closed arms with clear walls exhibited higher open arm exploration than mice tested in the maze with closed arms with black walls, while there were no significant differences in plasma corticosterone levels between the different wall color conditions. Illumination levels had no significant effects on any measure. Our results indicate that experience with other behavioral tests and different physical features of the maze affect elevated plus maze behaviors. Increased open arm time and entries are conventionally interpreted as decreased anxiety-like behavior, while other possible interpretations are considered: open arm exploration may reflect heightened anxiety and panic-like reaction to a novel situation under certain conditions. With the possibility of different interpretations, the present findings highlight the need to carefully consider the test conditions in designing experiments and drawing conclusions from the behavioral outcomes in the elevated plus maze test in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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144
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Effects of sub-chronic caffeine ingestion on memory and the hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK signaling in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:137-145. [PMID: 33556562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, has been shown to affect mood, memory, alertness, and cognitive performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of sub-chronic oral gavage of caffeine on memory and the phosphorylation levels of hippocampal Akt (protein kinase B), GSK-3β (Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) in mice. Adult male NMRI mice were administered with caffeine at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg/oral gavage for 10 days before behavioral assessments. Upon completion of the behavioral tasks, the hippocampi were isolated for western blot analysis to detect the phosphorylated and total levels of Akt, GSK-3β and ERK proteins. The results showed that sub-chronic caffeine ingestion at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg improves memory in mice both in passive avoidance and novel object recognition tasks. Furthermore, this memory enhancing dose of caffeine elevated the ratios of phosphorylated to total contents of hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK. This study suggests that sub-chronic low dose of caffeine improves memory and increases the phosphorylation of hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK proteins.
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145
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Development of depression-like behavior and altered hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147329. [PMID: 33539793 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic-pain patients often suffer from depression. In rodent models of neuropathic pain, animals develop depression-like and anxiety behaviors, indicating a relationship between chronic pain and affective disorders. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms linking chronic pain and depression are not yet fully understood. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a fundamental process related to brain plasticity. Reduced neurogenesis has been associated with the development of mood disorders and cognitive impairments. The current study aims to elucidate the underlying long-term changes in brain plasticity induced by neuropathic pain in mice at a time point when depression-like behavior has already developed. Furthermore, our focus is set on alterations in neurogenesis in the hippocampus. We found that manifestation of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior as well as cognitive impairment co-occur with decreased survival of newly generated cells but not with impaired proliferative activity or reduced number of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus. Moreover, we detected an impairment of differentiation of newly generated cells into mature calbindin-positive neurons, accompanied with a shift towards increased differentiation into astroglial cells. These findings indicate that a reduction in mature functional neurons, rather than reduced proliferation or neuronal progenitor cells, are the long-term changes in hippocampal plasticity that manifest in neuropathic pain conditions after depression-like behavior has developed.
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146
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Early Reciprocal Effects in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Femoral Fracture. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8835730. [PMID: 33531878 PMCID: PMC7834824 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8835730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of death and disability in early adulthood. Concomitant extracranial injury such as long bone fracture was reported to exacerbate TBI pathology. However, early reciprocal effects and mechanisms have been barely investigated. To address this issue, C57BL/6N mice were subjected to either the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, fracture of the left femur (FF), combined injury (CCI+FF), or sham procedure. Behavioral alterations were monitored until 5 days post injury (dpi), followed by (immuno-)histology, gene and protein expression analyses using quantitative PCR, western blot, and ELISA. We found that CCI+FF mice exhibited increased neurological impairments, reduced recovery, and altered anxiety-related behavior compared to single injury groups. At 5 dpi, cerebral lesion size was not affected by combined injury but exaggerated hippocampal substance loss and increased perilesional astrogliosis were observed in CCI+FF mice compared to isolated CCI. Bone gene expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and bone sialoprotein was induced by fracture injury but attenuated by concomitant TBI. Plasma concentrations of the biomarkers osteopontin and progranulin were elevated in CCI+FF mice compared to other experimental groups. Taken together, using a murine model of TBI and femoral fracture, we report early reciprocal impairments of brain tissue maintenance, behavioral recovery, and bone repair gene expression. Increased circulating levels of the biomarkers osteopontin and progranulin indicate ongoing tissue inflammation and repair. Our results may have implications for future therapeutic approaches to interfere with the pathological crosstalk between TBI and concomitant bone fracture.
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147
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Banin RM, Machado MMF, de Andrade IS, Carvalho LOT, Hirata BKS, de Andrade HM, Júlio VDS, Ribeiro JDSFB, Cerutti SM, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) attenuates obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours induced by ovariectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33420094 PMCID: PMC7794418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While several pieces of evidence link obesity and mood disorders in menopause, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) both attenuated diet-induced obesity of male rats and restored serotonin-induced hypophagia in ovariectomized female rats. The present study aimed at exploring whether GbE treatment ameliorates ovariectomy-related obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Wistar female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (Sham). After 2 months, either 500 mg/kg of GbE or vehicle were administered daily by gavage for 14 days. Anxious/depressive-like behaviours were assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze and the Forced Swim Tests, respectively. Ovariectomy caused high visceral adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and increased the anxiety index (p = 0.048 vs. Sham + GbE) while it decreased the latency to immobility (p = 0.004 vs. Sham). GbE treatment in OVX rats improved body composition, adiponectin levels and blood lipid profile. It also reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.004) and increased the latency to immobility (p = 0.003) of OVX rats. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that leptin (p = 0.047) and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.022) were associated with anxious-like behaviours while body adiposity (p = 0.00005) was strongly associated with depressive-like behaviours. The results showed that GbE therapy was effective in attenuating the deleterious effects of ovariectomy on body composition, lipid profile, and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Further studies are warranted to better understand the therapeutic potential of GbE in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mancini Banin
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Iracema Senna de Andrade
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Lorenza Oliveira Testa Carvalho
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Heider Mendonça de Andrade
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Viviane da Silva Júlio
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil.
| | - Mônica Marques Telles
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
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148
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Kestering-Ferreira E, Tractenberg SG, Lumertz FS, Orso R, Creutzberg KC, Wearick-Silva LE, Viola TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. Long-term Effects of Maternal Separation on Anxiety-Like Behavior and Neuroendocrine Parameters in Adult Balb/c Mice. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 5:24705470211067181. [PMID: 34993376 PMCID: PMC8725222 DOI: 10.1177/24705470211067181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Disruption of maternal care using maternal separation (MS) models has provided significant evidence of the deleterious long-term effects of early life stress. Several preclinical studies investigating MS showed multiple behavioral and biomolecular alterations. However, there is still conflicting results from MS studies, which represents a challenge for reliability and replicability of those findings. Objective: To address that, this study was conducted to investigate whether MS would affect anxiety-like behaviors using a battery of classical tasks, as well as central and peripheral stress-related biomarkers. Methods: Male Balb/c mice were exposed to MS from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 14 for 180-min per day. Two independent cohorts were performed to evaluate both baseline and anxiety-like behavior responses to MS at PND60. We performed composite scores to evaluate MS effects on anxiety and risk assessment phenotypes. Also, we assessed mRNA gene expression in the medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR) using real-time PCR and peripheral corticosterone levels (CORT) to investigate possible neurobiological correlates to anxiety behaviors. Results: We found increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased risk assessment and exploratory behaviors in MS mice. The animals exposed to MS also presented a decrease in MR mRNA expression and higher levels of CORT compared to controls. Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the body of evidence suggesting that long-term MS induces effects on anxiety and risk assessment phenotypes following the exposure to a standardized MS protocol. Moreover, MS affected the expression of MR mRNA and induced significant changes on CORT response. This data highlights that the reprograming MS effects on HPA axis could be mediate by MR gene expression in mPFC and chronic overactivity of peripheral CORT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kestering-Ferreira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
(DCNL), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Saulo Gantes Tractenberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
(DCNL), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande do Sul
| | | | - Rodrigo Orso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
(DCNL), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande do Sul
| | | | | | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
(DCNL), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
(DCNL), Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande do Sul
- Aarhus University, Denmark
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149
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Inhaled corticosteroids as treatment for adolescent asthma: effects on adult anxiety-related outcomes in a murine model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:165-179. [PMID: 33011818 PMCID: PMC8787845 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Allergic asthma, typically controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), is the leading chronic health condition for youth under 18 years of age. During this peri-adolescent period, significant brain maturation occurs. Prior studies indicate that both chronic inflammation and corticosteroid medications increase risk for developing an internalizing disorder like anxiety. OBJECTIVES To determine if chronic ICS treatments exacerbate or alleviate anxiety symptoms associated with developmental allergic asthma, we used a mouse model to isolate the influence of ICS (fluticasone propionate, FLU) vs. airway inflammation (induced with house dust mite extract, HDM). METHODS During development, male and female BALB/cJ mice were repeatedly exposed to HDM or saline plus one of four FLU doses (none/vehicle, low, moderate, or high). In adulthood, we assessed lung inflammation, circulating and excreted corticosteroids, anxiety-like behavior, and gene expression in stress and emotion regulation brain regions. RESULTS FLU treatment decreased body weight and anxiety-like behavior and increased fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations and Crhr2 gene expression in ventral hippocampus. FLU effects were only observed in saline/non-HDM-exposed mice, and the FLU doses used did not significantly decrease HDM-induced airway inflammation. Females had greater serum and fecal corticosterone concentrations, less anxiety-like behavior, and lower Crhr1 gene expression in ventral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex than males. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that steroid medications for youth with allergic asthma may not exacerbate anxiety-related symptoms, and that they should be avoided in children/adolescents without a health condition. The results are informative to future work on the use of corticosteroid medications during childhood or adolescent development.
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150
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Bryant KG, Barker JM. Arbitration of Approach-Avoidance Conflict by Ventral Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:615337. [PMID: 33390895 PMCID: PMC7773818 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.615337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When environmental cues or stimuli that represent both rewarding and aversive outcomes are presented, complex computations must be made in order to determine whether approach or avoidance is the better behavioral strategy. In many neuropsychiatric illnesses these computations can be skewed. In some instances, circumstances that may normally warrant avoidance instead promote approach, thus producing compulsive-like behavioral strategies that are inflexible in response to new or conflicting information. Alternatively, high sensitivity to aversion or low sensitivity to reward can result in the failure to achieve goals and loss of resilience that characterizes depressive disorders. Increases in compulsive-like behavior have been found to be associated with disrupted signaling in regions that regulate response to conflicting stimuli, including the hippocampus. Classic behavioral inhibition theories of hippocampus function in anxiety suggest that the hippocampus blocks aberrant behavior in response to anxiety related cues or stimuli. The hippocampus may act to block approach in the face of conflicting stimuli. Dysregulations of hippocampal function, as may be present in neuropsychiatric disorders, may therefore promote aberrant approach behavior. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) subregion is key for coordinating this approach/avoidance conflict resolution, likely through its participation with cortico-striatal and mesolimbic circuits. We revisit Gray's behavioral inhibition theory of HPC function, first posited in the 1980s, and interpret in the context of new knowledge on vHPC function gained through modern technology. Taken together with the extant, classical literature on hippocampal function, we propose that these new findings suggest that vHPC circuits balance behavioral response to conflicting stimuli in a manner that is both state- and context-dependent and, further, that disruption of specific vHPC circuits tips the balance in favor of biased approach or avoidance behavioral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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