101
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Shabani Sadr NK, Shafiei M, Galehdari H, Khirolah A. The Effect of Sialic Acid on the Expression of miR-218, NF-kB, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:883-900. [PMID: 32607676 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) is found at all cell surfaces of vertebrates. Although it is widely accepted that sialic acid is an essential substrate for brain development via a significant role in nerve transfers, structure of glycosides, and synaptogenesis phenomena, there are some reports on the elevated levels of sialic acid and prevalence of neurodegeneration. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in neuroinflammation disorders and produced by many cell types, including activated T cells, macrophages, neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells. It can be hypothesized that sialic acid may have a potentially critical role in regulation of a wide range of uncovered neurodegeneration factors as its downstream targets. In this study, for the first time, we aimed to analyze the possible effect of the sialic acid solution exposure in the human C118 cell line, which was derived from a human brain astrocytoma (glial cells), on the expression patterns of miR-218, NF-kB, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. For MMP-9, protein levels were studied too. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of NANA was obtained by MTT assay. Glial cell line was treated with sialic acid (300, 500, and 1000 µg/ml) for 24 h to investigate the effects of this ligand on the expression of miR-218, NF-kB, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 genes. Protein levels were checked by Western blotting, and by using zymography, the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 secreted into conditioned media was assayed. At 300 µM, 500 µM, and 1000 µM sialic acid treatments, the expression of miR-218 was downregulated; subsequently, the NF-kB, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 genes as well as their protein expressions were upregulated. More interestingly, the enzyme activity of secreted MMP-9 was upregulated too (p-values ≤ 0.05). This study could demonstrate the significant effect of sialic acid on miR-218, NF-kB, MMP-9 , and TIMP-1 expressions in gene and protein levels and also the levels of enzyme activity of secreted MMP-9. Therefore, provided information indicates the novel idea of a possible linkage between sialic acid species and regulation of these neuroinflammation genes in Glial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Khatoun Shabani Sadr
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khirolah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
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102
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Mòdol-Caballero G, García-Lareu B, Verdés S, Ariza L, Sánchez-Brualla I, Brocard F, Bosch A, Navarro X, Herrando-Grabulosa M. Therapeutic Role of Neuregulin 1 Type III in SOD1-Linked Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1048-1060. [PMID: 31965551 PMCID: PMC7609630 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motoneuron (Mn) disease without effective cure currently available. Death of MNs in ALS is preceded by failure of neuromuscular junctions and axonal retraction. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a neurotrophic factor highly expressed in MNs and neuromuscular junctions that support axonal and neuromuscular development and maintenance. NRG1 and its ErbB receptors are involved in ALS. Reduced NRG1 expression has been found in ALS patients and in the ALS SOD1G93A mouse model; however, the expression of the isoforms of NRG1 and its receptors is still controversial. Due to the reduced levels of NRG1 type III (NRG1-III) in the spinal cord of ALS patients, we used gene therapy based on intrathecal administration of adeno-associated virus to overexpress NRG1-III in SOD1G93A mice. The mice were evaluated from 9 to 16 weeks of age by electrophysiology and rotarod tests. At 16 weeks, samples were harvested for histological and molecular analyses. Our results indicate that overexpression of NRG1-III is able to preserve neuromuscular function of the hindlimbs, improve locomotor performance, increase the number of surviving MNs, and reduce glial reactivity in the treated female SOD1G93A mice. Furthermore, the NRG1-III/ErbB4 axis appears to regulate MN excitability by modulating the chloride transporter KCC2 and reduces the expression of the MN vulnerability marker MMP-9. However, NRG1-III did not have a significant effect on male mice, indicating relevant sex differences. These findings indicate that increasing NRG1-III at the spinal cord is a promising approach for promoting MN protection and functional improvement in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Belén García-Lareu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergi Verdés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Ariza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Brualla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Brocard
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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103
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Villalón E, Kline RA, Smith CE, Lorson ZC, Osman EY, O'Day S, Murray LM, Lorson CL. AAV9-Stathmin1 gene delivery improves disease phenotype in an intermediate mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3742-3754. [PMID: 31363739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating infantile genetic disorder caused by the loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that leads to premature death due to loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. The approval of an antisense oligonucleotide therapy for SMA was an important milestone in SMA research; however, effective next-generation therapeutics will likely require combinatorial SMN-dependent therapeutics and SMN-independent disease modifiers. A recent cross-disease transcriptomic analysis identified Stathmin-1 (STMN1), a tubulin-depolymerizing protein, as a potential disease modifier across different motor neuron diseases, including SMA. Here, we investigated whether viral-based delivery of STMN1 decreased disease severity in a well-characterized SMA mouse model. Intracerebroventricular delivery of scAAV9-STMN1 in SMA mice at P2 significantly increased survival and weight gain compared to untreated SMA mice without elevating Smn levels. scAAV9-STMN1 improved important hallmarks of disease, including motor function, NMJ pathology and motor neuron cell preservation. Furthermore, scAAV9-STMN1 treatment restored microtubule networks and tubulin expression without affecting tubulin stability. Our results show that scAAV9-STMN1 treatment improves SMA pathology possibly by increasing microtubule turnover leading to restored levels of stable microtubules. Overall, these data demonstrate that STMN1 can significantly reduce the SMA phenotype independent of restoring SMN protein and highlight the importance of developing SMN-independent therapeutics for the treatment of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalón
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R A Kline
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - C E Smith
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Z C Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - E Y Osman
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - S O'Day
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - L M Murray
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C L Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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104
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Peripheral Nerve Single-Cell Analysis Identifies Mesenchymal Ligands that Promote Axonal Growth. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0066-20.2020. [PMID: 32349983 PMCID: PMC7294463 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0066-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves provide a supportive growth environment for developing and regenerating axons and are essential for maintenance and repair of many non-neural tissues. This capacity has largely been ascribed to paracrine factors secreted by nerve-resident Schwann cells. Here, we used single-cell transcriptional profiling to identify ligands made by different injured rodent nerve cell types and have combined this with cell-surface mass spectrometry to computationally model potential paracrine interactions with peripheral neurons. These analyses show that peripheral nerves make many ligands predicted to act on peripheral and CNS neurons, including known and previously uncharacterized ligands. While Schwann cells are an important ligand source within injured nerves, more than half of the predicted ligands are made by nerve-resident mesenchymal cells, including the endoneurial cells most closely associated with peripheral axons. At least three of these mesenchymal ligands, ANGPT1, CCL11, and VEGFC, promote growth when locally applied on sympathetic axons. These data therefore identify an unexpected paracrine role for nerve mesenchymal cells and suggest that multiple cell types contribute to creating a highly pro-growth environment for peripheral axons.
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105
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Blood-Based Biomarkers Predictive of Metformin Target Engagement in Fragile X Syndrome. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060361. [PMID: 32531912 PMCID: PMC7349631 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neurobiology have provided several molecular entrees for targeted treatments for Fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, the efficacy of these treatments has been demonstrated mainly in animal models and has not been consistently predictive of targeted drugs' response in the preponderance of human clinical trials. Because of the heterogeneity of FXS at various levels, including the molecular level, phenotypic manifestation, and drug response, it is critically important to identify biomarkers that can help in patient stratification and prediction of therapeutic efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the ability of molecular biomarkers to predict phenotypic subgroups, symptom severity, and treatment response to metformin in clinically treated patients with FXS. We specifically tested a triplex protein array comprising of hexokinase 1 (HK1), RAS (all isoforms), and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) that we previously demonstrated were dysregulated in the FXS mouse model and in blood samples from patient with FXS. Seventeen participants with FXS, 12 males and 5 females, treated clinically with metformin were included in this study. The disruption in expression abundance of these proteins was normalized and associated with significant self-reported improvement in clinical phenotypes (CGI-I in addition to BMI) in a subset of participants with FXS. Our preliminary findings suggest that these proteins are of strong molecular relevance to the FXS pathology that could make them useful molecular biomarkers for this syndrome.
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106
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Takeoka A, Arber S. Functional Local Proprioceptive Feedback Circuits Initiate and Maintain Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Rep 2020; 27:71-85.e3. [PMID: 30943416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory feedback from proprioceptive afferents (PAs) is essential for locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. To determine where or when proprioception is required for locomotor recovery after injury, we established an intersectional genetic model for PA ablation with spatial and temporal confinement. We found that complete or spatially restricted PA ablation in intact mice differentially affects locomotor performance. Following incomplete spinal cord injury, PA ablation below but not above the lesion severely restricts locomotor recovery and descending circuit reorganization. Furthermore, ablation of PAs after behavioral recovery permanently reverts functional improvements, demonstrating their essential role for maintaining regained locomotor function despite the presence of reorganized descending circuits. In parallel to recovery, PAs undergo reorganization of activity-dependent synaptic connectivity to specific local spinal targets. Our study reveals that PAs interacting with local spinal circuits serve as a continued driving force to initiate and maintain locomotor output after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Takeoka
- Neuro-electronics Research Flanders (NERF), 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Vlaams Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Silvia Arber
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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107
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Petrozziello T, Mills AN, Farhan SM, Mueller KA, Granucci EJ, Glajch KE, Chan J, Chew S, Berry JD, Sadri‐Vakili G. Lipocalin‐2 is increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:272-283. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Petrozziello
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra N. Mills
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sali M.K. Farhan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Kaly A. Mueller
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Eric J. Granucci
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kelly E. Glajch
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - James Chan
- Biostatistics Center, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sheena Chew
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - James D. Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri‐Vakili
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
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108
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Bugallo R, Marlin E, Baltanás A, Toledo E, Ferrero R, Vinueza-Gavilanes R, Larrea L, Arrasate M, Aragón T. Fine tuning of the unfolded protein response by ISRIB improves neuronal survival in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32457286 PMCID: PMC7250913 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of protein folding homeostasis features many of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. As coping mechanism to folding stress within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the unfolded protein response (UPR) comprises a set of signaling mechanisms that initiate a gene expression program to restore proteostasis, or when stress is chronic or overwhelming promote neuronal death. This fate-defining capacity of the UPR has been proposed to play a key role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the several genetic or pharmacological attempts to explore the therapeutic potential of UPR modulation have produced conflicting observations. In order to establish the precise relationship between UPR signaling and neuronal death in ALS, we have developed a neuronal model where the toxicity of a familial ALS-causing allele (mutant G93A SOD1) and UPR activation can be longitudinally monitored in single neurons over the process of neurodegeneration by automated microscopy. Using fluorescent UPR reporters we established the temporal and causal relationship between UPR and neuronal death by Cox regression models. Pharmacological inhibition of discrete UPR processes allowed us to establish the contribution of PERK (PKR-like ER kinase) and IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) mechanisms to neuronal fate. Importantly, inhibition of PERK signaling with its downstream inhibitor ISRIB, but not with the direct PERK kinase inhibitor GSK2606414, significantly enhanced the survival of G93A SOD1-expressing neurons. Characterization of the inhibitory properties of both drugs under ER stress revealed that in neurons (but not in glial cells) ISRIB overruled only part of the translational program imposed by PERK, relieving the general inhibition of translation, but maintaining the privileged translation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) messenger RNA. Surprisingly, the fine-tuning of the PERK output in G93A SOD1-expressing neurons led to a reduction of IRE1-dependent signaling. Together, our findings identify ISRIB-mediated translational reprogramming as a new potential ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bugallo
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Elías Marlin
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ana Baltanás
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Área de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ferrero
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Vinueza-Gavilanes
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Laura Larrea
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arrasate
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Tomás Aragón
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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109
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Nizzardo M, Taiana M, Rizzo F, Aguila Benitez J, Nijssen J, Allodi I, Melzi V, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Hedlund E, Corti S. Synaptotagmin 13 is neuroprotective across motor neuron diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:837-853. [PMID: 32065260 PMCID: PMC7181443 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spinal and lower brainstem motor neurons degenerate, but some motor neuron subtypes are spared, including oculomotor neurons (OMNs). The mechanisms responsible for this selective degeneration are largely unknown, but the molecular signatures of resistant and vulnerable motor neurons are distinct and offer clues to neuronal resilience and susceptibility. Here, we demonstrate that healthy OMNs preferentially express Synaptotagmin 13 (SYT13) compared to spinal motor neurons. In end-stage ALS patients, SYT13 is enriched in both OMNs and the remaining relatively resilient spinal motor neurons compared to controls. Overexpression of SYT13 in ALS and SMA patient motor neurons in vitro improves their survival and increases axon lengths. Gene therapy with Syt13 prolongs the lifespan of ALS mice by 14% and SMA mice by 50% by preserving motor neurons and delaying muscle denervation. SYT13 decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of motor neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SYT13 is a resilience factor that can protect motor neurons and a candidate therapeutic target across motor neuron diseases.
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110
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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111
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genetics 2020; 215:747-766. [PMID: 32345615 PMCID: PMC7337071 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in several different genes indicating... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in >20 different genes indicating a complex underlying genetic architecture that is effectively unknown. Here, in an attempt to identify genes and pathways for potential therapeutic intervention and explore the genetic circuitry underlying Drosophila models of ALS, we carry out two independent genome-wide screens for modifiers of degenerative phenotypes associated with the expression of transgenic constructs carrying familial ALS-causing alleles of FUS (hFUSR521C) and TDP-43 (hTDP-43M337V). We uncover a complex array of genes affecting either or both of the two strains, and investigate their activities in additional ALS models. Our studies indicate the pathway that governs phospholipase D activity as a major modifier of ALS-related phenotypes, a notion supported by data we generated in mice and others collected in humans.
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112
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A Study of Gene Expression Changes in Human Spinal and Oculomotor Neurons; Identifying Potential Links to Sporadic ALS. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040448. [PMID: 32325953 PMCID: PMC7230244 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes compromised function of motor neurons and neuronal death. However, oculomotor neurons are largely spared from disease symptoms. The underlying causes for sporadic ALS as well as for the resistance of oculomotor neurons to disease symptoms remain poorly understood. In this bioinformatic-analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of spinal and oculomotor tissue samples from control individuals and sporadic ALS patients. We show that the genes GAD2 and GABRE (involved in GABA signaling), and CALB1 (involved in intracellular Ca2+ ion buffering) are downregulated in the spinal tissues of ALS patients, but their endogenous levels are higher in oculomotor tissues relative to the spinal tissues. Our results suggest that the downregulation of these genes and processes in spinal tissues are related to sporadic ALS disease progression and their upregulation in oculomotor neurons confer upon them resistance to ALS symptoms. These results build upon prevailing models of excitotoxicity that are relevant to sporadic ALS disease progression and point out unique opportunities for better understanding the progression of neurodegenerative properties associated with sporadic ALS.
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113
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Mole AJ, Bell S, Thomson AK, Dissanayake KN, Ribchester RR, Murray LM. Synaptic withdrawal following nerve injury is influenced by postnatal maturity, muscle-specific properties, and the presence of underlying pathology in mice. J Anat 2020; 237:263-274. [PMID: 32311115 PMCID: PMC7369188 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal and synaptic degeneration occur following nerve injury and during disease. Traumatic nerve injury results in rapid fragmentation of the distal axon and loss of synaptic terminals, in a process known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Identifying and understanding factors that influence the rate of WD is of significant biological and clinical importance, as it will facilitate understanding of the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we investigate levels of synaptic loss following nerve injury under a range of conditions, including during postnatal development, in a range of anatomically distinct muscles and in a mouse model of motor neuron disease. By utilising an ex vivo model of nerve injury, we show that synaptic withdrawal is slower during early postnatal development. Significantly more neuromuscular junctions remained fully innervated in the cranial nerve/muscle preparations analysed at P15 than at P25. Furthermore, we demonstrate variability in the level of synaptic withdrawal in response to injury in different muscles, with retraction being slower in abdominal preparations than in cranial muscles across all time points analysed. Importantly, differences between the cranial and thoracoabdominal musculature seen here are not consistent with differences in muscle vulnerability that have been previously reported in mouse models of the childhood motor neuron disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), caused by depletion of survival motor neuron protein (Smn). To further investigate the relationship between synaptic degeneration in SMA and WD, we induced WD in preparations from the Smn2B/− mouse model of SMA. In a disease‐resistant muscle (rostral band of levator auris longus), where there is minimal denervation, there was no change in the level of synaptic loss, which suggests that the process of synaptic withdrawal following injury is Smn‐independent. However, in a muscle with ongoing degeneration (transvs. abdominis), the level of synaptic loss significantly increased, with the percentage of denervated endplates increasing by 33% following injury, compared to disease alone. We therefore conclude that the presence of a die‐back can accelerate synaptic loss after injury in Smn2B/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah J Mole
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Bell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison K Thomson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kosala N Dissanayake
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard R Ribchester
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lyndsay M Murray
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
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114
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Muddapu VR, Dharshini SAP, Chakravarthy VS, Gromiha MM. Neurodegenerative Diseases - Is Metabolic Deficiency the Root Cause? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32296300 PMCID: PMC7137637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure. They are characterized by an inexorable loss of a specific type of neurons. The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters (typically a subcortical cluster) in the early stages, followed by the spread of the disease to higher cortical areas, is a typical pattern of disease progression. Neurodegenerative diseases share a range of molecular and cellular pathologies, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, calcium load, proteolytic stress, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aging, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by the fact that they tend to address any one of the above pathological changes while ignoring others. Lack of clarity regarding a possible root cause that underlies all the above pathologies poses a significant challenge. In search of an integrative theory for neurodegenerative pathology, we hypothesize that metabolic deficiency in certain vulnerable neuronal clusters is the common underlying thread that links many dimensions of the disease. The current review aims to present an outline of such an integrative theory. We present a new perspective of neurodegenerative diseases as metabolic disorders at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This helps to understand a common underlying mechanism of the many facets of the disease and may lead to more promising disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. Here, we briefly discuss the selective metabolic vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters and also the involvement of glia and vascular dysfunctions. Any failure in satisfaction of the metabolic demand by the neurons triggers a chain of events that precipitate various manifestations of neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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115
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The Timing and Extent of Motor Neuron Vulnerability in ALS Correlates with Accumulation of Misfolded SOD1 Protein in the Cortex and in the Spinal Cord. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020502. [PMID: 32098365 PMCID: PMC7072754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of selective vulnerability has been challenging, especially for motor neuron diseases. Developing drugs that improve the health of neurons that display selective vulnerability relies on in vivo cell-based models and quantitative readout measures that translate to patient outcome. We initially developed and characterized UCHL1-eGFP mice, in which motor neurons are labeled with eGFP that is stable and long-lasting. By crossing UCHL1-eGFP to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease models, we generated ALS mouse models with fluorescently labeled motor neurons. Their examination over time began to reveal the cellular basis of selective vulnerability even within the related motor neuron pools. Accumulation of misfolded SOD1 protein both in the corticospinal and spinal motor neurons over time correlated with the timing and extent of degeneration. This further proved simultaneous degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, and the requirement to consider both upper and lower motor neuron populations in drug discovery efforts. Demonstration of the direct correlation between misfolded SOD1 accumulation and motor neuron degeneration in both cortex and spinal cord is important for building cell-based assays in vivo. Our report sets the stage for shifting focus from mice to diseased neurons for drug discovery efforts, especially for motor neuron diseases.
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116
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Spinal Motoneuron TMEM16F Acts at C-boutons to Modulate Motor Resistance and Contributes to ALS Pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2581-2593.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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117
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Evaluation of the Remote-controlled Drone System using an Eye-tracking device through the Internet for patients in bedridden conditions. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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118
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Tran NM, Shekhar K, Whitney IE, Jacobi A, Benhar I, Hong G, Yan W, Adiconis X, Arnold ME, Lee JM, Levin JZ, Lin D, Wang C, Lieber CM, Regev A, He Z, Sanes JR. Single-Cell Profiles of Retinal Ganglion Cells Differing in Resilience to Injury Reveal Neuroprotective Genes. Neuron 2019; 104:1039-1055.e12. [PMID: 31784286 PMCID: PMC6923571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal types in the central nervous system differ dramatically in their resilience to injury or other insults. Here we studied the selective resilience of mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following optic nerve crush (ONC), which severs their axons and leads to death of ∼80% of RGCs within 2 weeks. To identify expression programs associated with differential resilience, we first used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to generate a comprehensive molecular atlas of 46 RGC types in adult retina. We then tracked their survival after ONC; characterized transcriptomic, physiological, and morphological changes that preceded degeneration; and identified genes selectively expressed by each type. Finally, using loss- and gain-of-function assays in vivo, we showed that manipulating some of these genes improved neuronal survival and axon regeneration following ONC. This study provides a systematic framework for parsing type-specific responses to injury and demonstrates that differential gene expression can be used to reveal molecular targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Tran
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Irene E Whitney
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne Jacobi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Inbal Benhar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - McKinzie E Arnold
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joshua Z Levin
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA and Department of Biology and Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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119
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Gong M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li W, Ye S, Zhu J, Zhang H, Wang J, He K. A transcriptomic analysis of Nsmce1 overexpression in mouse hippocampal neuronal cell by RNA sequencing. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:459-470. [PMID: 31792732 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mouse Nsmce1 gene is the homolog of non-structural maintenance of chromosomes element 1 (NSE1) that is mainly involved in maintenance of genome integrity, DNA damage response, and DNA repair. Defective DNA repair may cause neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). So far, there is no direct evidence for the correlation between Nsmce1 and AD. In order to explore the function of Nsmce1 in the regulation of nervous system, we have overexpressed or knocked down Nsmce1 in the mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (MHNCs) HT-22 and detected its regulation of AD marker genes as well as cell proliferation. The results showed that the expression of App, Bace2, and Mapt could be inhibited by Nsmce1 overexpression and activated by the knockdown of Nsmce1. Moreover, the HT-22 cell proliferation ability could be promoted by Nsmce1 overexpression and inhibited by knockdown of Nsmce1. Furthermore, we performed a transcriptomics study by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to evaluate and quantify the gene expression profiles in response to the overexpression of Nsmce1 in HT-22 cells. As a result, 224 significantly dysregulated genes including 83 upregulated and 141 downregulated genes were identified by the comparison of Nsmce1 /+ to WT cells, which were significantly enriched in several Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways. In addition, the complexity of the alternative splicing (AS) landscape was increased by Nsmce1 overexpression in HT-22 cells. Thousands of AS events were identified to be mainly involved in the pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (UMP) as well as 3 neurodegenerative diseases including AD. The protein-protein interaction network was reconstructed to show top 10 essential genes regulated by Nsmce1. Our sequencing data is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with accession number as GSE113436. These results may provide some evidence of molecular and cellular functions of Nsmce1 in MHNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Gong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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120
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Swenarchuk LE. Nerve, Muscle, and Synaptogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111448. [PMID: 31744142 PMCID: PMC6912269 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate skeletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has long served as a model system for studying synapse structure, function, and development. Over the last several decades, a neuron-specific isoform of agrin, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has been identified as playing a central role in synapse formation at all vertebrate skeletal neuromuscular synapses. While agrin was initially postulated to be the inductive molecule that initiates synaptogenesis, this model has been modified in response to work showing that postsynaptic differentiation can develop in the absence of innervation, and that synapses can form in transgenic mice in which the agrin gene is ablated. In place of a unitary mechanism for neuromuscular synapse formation, studies in both mice and zebrafish have led to the proposal that two mechanisms mediate synaptogenesis, with some synapses being induced by nerve contact while others involve the incorporation of prepatterned postsynaptic structures. Moreover, the current model also proposes that agrin can serve two functions, to induce synaptogenesis and to stabilize new synapses, once these are formed. This review examines the evidence for these propositions, and concludes that it remains possible that a single molecular mechanism mediates synaptogenesis at all NMJs, and that agrin acts as a stabilizer, while its role as inducer is open to question. Moreover, if agrin does not act to initiate synaptogenesis, it follows that as yet uncharacterized molecular interactions are required to play this essential inductive role. Several alternatives to agrin for this function are suggested, including focal pericellular proteolysis and integrin signaling, but all require experimental validation.
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121
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Tamura K, Sugita S, Tokunaga T, Minegishi Y, Ota N. TRPM8-mediated cutaneous stimulation modulates motor neuron activity during treadmill stepping in mice. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:931-938. [PMID: 31482469 PMCID: PMC10717255 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motor units are generally recruited from the smallest to the largest following the size principle, while cutaneous stimulation has the potential to affect spinal motor control. We aimed to examine the effects of stimulating transient receptor potential channel sub-family M8 (TRPM8) combined with exercise on the modulation of spinal motor neuron (MN) excitability. Mice were topically administrated 1.5% icilin on the hindlimbs, followed by treadmill stepping. Spinal cord sections were immunostained with antibodies against c-fos and choline acetyltransferase. Icilin stimulation did not change the number of c-fos+ MNs, but increased the average soma size of the c-fos+ MNs during low-speed treadmill stepping. Furthermore, icilin stimulation combined with stepping increased c-fos+ cholinergic interneurons near the central canal, which are thought to modulate MN excitability. These findings suggest that TRPM8-mediated cutaneous stimulation with low-load exercise promotes preferential recruitment of large MNs and is potentially useful as a new training method for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tamura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugita
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Tokunaga
- Personal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
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122
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Fogarty MJ, Mu EWH, Lavidis NA, Noakes PG, Bellingham MC. Size-Dependent Vulnerability of Lumbar Motor Neuron Dendritic Degeneration in SOD1 G93A Mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1455-1471. [PMID: 31509351 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The motor neuron (MN) soma surface area is correlated with motor unit type. Larger MNs innervate fast fatigue-intermediate (FInt) or fast-fatiguable (FF) muscle fibers in type FInt and FF motor units, respectively. Smaller MNs innervate slow-twitch fatigue-resistant (S) or fast fatigue-resistant (FR) muscle fibers in type S and FR motor units, respectively. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), FInt and FF motor units are more vulnerable, with denervation and MN death occurring for these units before the more resilient S and FR units. Abnormal MN dendritic arbors have been observed in ALS in humans and rodent models. We used a Golgi-Cox impregnation protocol to examine soma size-dependent changes in the dendritic morphology of lumbar MNs in SOD1G93A mice, a model of ALS, at pre-symptomatic, onset and mid-disease stages. In wildtype control mice, the relationship between MN soma surface area and dendritic length or dendritic spine number was highly linear (i.e., increased MN soma size correlated with increased dendritic length and spines). By contrast, in SOD1G93A mice, this linear relationship was lost and dendritic length reduction and spine loss were observed in larger MNs, from pre-symptomatic stages onward. These changes correlated with the neuromotor symptoms of ALS in rodent models. At presymptomatic ages, changes were restricted to the larger MNs, likely to comprise vulnerable FInt and FF motor units. Our results suggest morphological changes of MN dendrites and dendritic spines are likely to contribute ALS pathogenesis, not compensate for it. Anat Rec, 303:1455-1471, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erica W H Mu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nickolas A Lavidis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Cholinergic modulation of motor neurons through the C-boutons are necessary for the locomotor compensation for severe motor neuron loss during amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease progression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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124
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Cho KI, Yoon D, Yu M, Peachey NS, Ferreira PA. Microglial activation in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like model caused by Ranbp2 loss and nucleocytoplasmic transport impairment in retinal ganglion neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3407-3432. [PMID: 30944974 PMCID: PMC6698218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport is dysregulated in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) are purportedly involved in ALS. The Ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2) controls rate-limiting steps of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Mice with Ranbp2 loss in Thy1+-motoneurons develop cardinal ALS-like motor traits, but the impairments in RGNs and the degree of dysfunctional consonance between RGNs and motoneurons caused by Ranbp2 loss are unknown. This will help to understand the role of nucleocytoplasmic transport in the differential vulnerability of neuronal cell types to ALS and to uncover non-motor endophenotypes with pathognomonic signs of ALS. Here, we ascertain Ranbp2's function and endophenotypes in RGNs of an ALS-like mouse model lacking Ranbp2 in motoneurons and RGNs. Thy1+-RGNs lacking Ranbp2 shared with motoneurons the dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport. RGN abnormalities were comprised morphologically by soma hypertrophy and optic nerve axonopathy and physiologically by a delay of the visual pathway's evoked potentials. Whole-transcriptome analysis showed restricted transcriptional changes in optic nerves that were distinct from those found in sciatic nerves. Specifically, the level and nucleocytoplasmic partition of the anti-apoptotic and novel substrate of Ranbp2, Pttg1/securin, were dysregulated. Further, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, which modulates de novo synthesis of fatty acids and T-cell immunity, showed the highest up-regulation (35-fold). This effect was reflected by the activation of ramified CD11b+ and CD45+-microglia, increase of F4\80+-microglia and a shift from pseudopodial/lamellipodial to amoeboidal F4\80+-microglia intermingled between RGNs of naive mice. Further, there was the intracellular sequestration in RGNs of metalloproteinase-28, which regulates macrophage recruitment and polarization in inflammation. Hence, Ranbp2 genetic insults in RGNs and motoneurons trigger distinct paracrine signaling likely by the dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport of neuronal-type selective substrates. Immune-modulators underpinning RGN-to-microglial signaling are regulated by Ranbp2, and this neuronal-glial system manifests endophenotypes that are likely useful in the prognosis and diagnosis of motoneuron diseases, such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-In Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, DUEC 3802, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dosuk Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, DUEC 3802, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Paulo A Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, DUEC 3802, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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125
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Rivera S, García-González L, Khrestchatisky M, Baranger K. Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3167-3191. [PMID: 31197405 PMCID: PMC11105182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases worldwide, age-related neurodegenerative diseases will increase in parallel. The lack of effective treatment strategies may soon lead to an unprecedented health, social and economic crisis. Any attempt to halt the progression of these diseases requires a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved to facilitate the identification of new targets and the application of innovative therapeutic strategies. The metzincin superfamily of metalloproteinases includes matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS). These multigenic and multifunctional proteinase families regulate the functions of an increasing number of signalling and scaffolding molecules involved in neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, protein misfolding, synaptic dysfunction or neuronal death. Metalloproteinases and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are therefore, at the crossroads of molecular and cellular mechanisms that support neurodegenerative processes, and emerge as potential new therapeutic targets. We provide an overview of current knowledge on the role and regulation of metalloproteinases and TIMPs in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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126
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Adeli S, Zahmatkesh M, Dezfouli MA. Simvastatin Attenuates Hippocampal MMP-9 Expression in the Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019; 23. [PMID: 30218997 PMCID: PMC6462290 DOI: 10.29252/.23.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression has been implicated in molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, and its abnormal level has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some protective mechanisms of statins against neurodegeneration might be mediated by the inhibition of MMP-9 expression. Here, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on the hippocampal MMP-9 expression in the context of AD. METHODS We examined the influence of three-week simvastatin (5 mg/kg) administration on hippocampal MMP-9 expression in a rat model of cognitive decline induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Spatial long-term memory and MMP-9 expression were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The results showed a decline in the learning and memory in STZ group when compared with the control group. The MMP-9 up-regulated (1.41 ± 0.2 vs. 0.980 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), and cresyl violet staining showed hippocampal cell damage in STZ group compared with the control group. Simvastatin prevented the up-regulation of MMP-9 (1.05 ± 0.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), improved spatial memory impairment and attenuated hippocampal cell damage. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation (r = 0.77) between MMP-9 expression and cognitive function. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the neuroprotective influence of simvastatin in battle to cognitive impairment is mediated in part by the modulation of MMP-9 expression. The reduction of MMP-9 expression in simvastatin-treated animals is in correlation with the improvement of cognitive functions. Understanding the protective mechanism of simvastatin will shed light on more efficient therapeutic modalities in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Adeli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Maryam Zahmatkesh Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel.: (+98-21) 43052155; Fax: (+98-21) 88991117; E-mail:
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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127
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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128
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An D, Fujiki R, Iannitelli DE, Smerdon JW, Maity S, Rose MF, Gelber A, Wanaselja EK, Yagudayeva I, Lee JY, Vogel C, Wichterle H, Engle EC, Mazzoni EO. Stem cell-derived cranial and spinal motor neurons reveal proteostatic differences between ALS resistant and sensitive motor neurons. eLife 2019; 8:44423. [PMID: 31157617 PMCID: PMC6594754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spinal motor neurons (SpMN) progressively degenerate while a subset of cranial motor neurons (CrMN) are spared until late stages of the disease. Using a rapid and efficient protocol to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to SpMNs and CrMNs, we now report that ESC-derived CrMNs accumulate less human (h)SOD1 and insoluble p62 than SpMNs over time. ESC-derived CrMNs have higher proteasome activity to degrade misfolded proteins and are intrinsically more resistant to chemically-induced proteostatic stress than SpMNs. Chemical and genetic activation of the proteasome rescues SpMN sensitivity to proteostatic stress. In agreement, the hSOD1 G93A mouse model reveals that ALS-resistant CrMNs accumulate less insoluble hSOD1 and p62-containing inclusions than SpMNs. Primary-derived ALS-resistant CrMNs are also more resistant than SpMNs to proteostatic stress. Thus, an ESC-based platform has identified a superior capacity to maintain a healthy proteome as a possible mechanism to resist ALS-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disi An
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Ryosuke Fujiki
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - John W Smerdon
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alon Gelber
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ilona Yagudayeva
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joun Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Esteban Orlando Mazzoni
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
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129
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Hoffman WH, Cudrici CD, Boodhoo D, Tatomir A, Rus V, Rus H. Intracerebral matrix metalloproteinase 9 in fatal diabetic ketoacidosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:97-104. [PMID: 30986397 PMCID: PMC6563901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness that in addition to the metabolic crisis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) caused by severe insulin deficiency, the immune inflammatory response is likely an active multicomponent participant in both the acute and chronic insults of this medical crisis, with strong evidence of activation for both the cytokine and complement system. Recent studies report that the matrix metalloproteinase enzymes and their inhibitors are systemically activated in young Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients during DKA and speculate on their involvement in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Based on our previous studies, we address the question if matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is expressed in the brain in the fatal brain edema (BE) of DKA. Our data show significant expression of MMP9 on the cells present in brain intravascular areas. The presence of MMP9 in intravascular cells and that of MMP+ cells seen passing the BBB indicates a possible role in tight junction protein disruption of the BBB, possibly leading to neurological complications including BE. We have also shown that MMP9 is expressed on neurons in the hippocampal areas of both BE/DKA cases investigated, while expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) was reduced in the same areas. We can speculate that intraneuronal MMP9 can be a sign of neurodegeneration. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of MMP9 in the pathogenesis of the neurologic catastrophe of the brain edema of DKA. Inhibition of MMP9 expression might be helpful in preserving neuronal function and BBB integrity during DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cornelia D Cudrici
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Violeta Rus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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130
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Tung YT, Peng KC, Chen YC, Yen YP, Chang M, Thams S, Chen JA. Mir-17∼92 Confers Motor Neuron Subtype Differential Resistance to ALS-Associated Degeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:193-209.e7. [PMID: 31155482 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) is the hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Limb-innervating lateral motor column MNs (LMC-MNs) seem to be particularly vulnerable and are among the first MNs affected in ALS. Here, we report association of this differential susceptibility with reduced expression of the mir-17∼92 cluster in LMC-MNs prior to disease onset. Reduced mir-17∼92 is accompanied by elevated nuclear PTEN in spinal MNs of presymptomatic SOD1G93A mice. Selective dysregulation of the mir-17∼92/nuclear PTEN axis in degenerating SOD1G93A LMC-MNs was confirmed in a double-transgenic embryonic stem cell system and recapitulated in human SOD1+/L144F-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MNs. We further show that overexpression of mir-17∼92 significantly rescues human SOD1+/L144F MNs, and intrathecal delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-mir-17∼92 improves motor deficits and survival in SOD1G93A mice. Thus, mir-17∼92 may have value as a prognostic marker of MN degeneration and is a candidate therapeutic target in SOD1-linked ALS. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tsen Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chih Peng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Yen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mien Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Thams
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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131
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Swindell WR, Kruse CPS, List EO, Berryman DE, Kopchick JJ. ALS blood expression profiling identifies new biomarkers, patient subgroups, and evidence for neutrophilia and hypoxia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:170. [PMID: 31118040 PMCID: PMC6530130 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating disease with few treatment options. Progress towards new therapies requires validated disease biomarkers, but there is no consensus on which fluid-based measures are most informative. METHODS This study analyzed microarray data derived from blood samples of patients with ALS (n = 396), ALS mimic diseases (n = 75), and healthy controls (n = 645). Goals were to provide in-depth analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterize patient-to-patient heterogeneity, and identify candidate biomarkers. RESULTS We identified 752 ALS-increased and 764 ALS-decreased DEGs (FDR < 0.10 with > 10% expression change). Gene expression shifts in ALS blood broadly resembled acute high altitude stress responses. ALS-increased DEGs had high exosome expression, were neutrophil-specific, associated with translation, and overlapped significantly with genes near ALS susceptibility loci (e.g., IFRD1, TBK1, CREB5). ALS-decreased DEGs, in contrast, had low exosome expression, were erythroid lineage-specific, and associated with anemia and blood disorders. Genes encoding neurofilament proteins (NEFH, NEFL) had poor diagnostic accuracy (50-53%). However, support vector machines distinguished ALS patients from ALS mimics and controls with 87% accuracy (sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 87%). Expression profiles were heterogeneous among patients and we identified two subgroups: (i) patients with higher expression of IL6R and myeloid lineage-specific genes and (ii) patients with higher expression of IL23A and lymphoid-specific genes. The gene encoding copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) was most strongly associated with survival (HR = 0.77; P = 1.84e-05) and other survival-associated genes were linked to mitochondrial respiration. We identify a 61 gene signature that significantly improves survival prediction when added to Cox proportional hazard models with baseline clinical data (i.e., age at onset, site of onset and sex). Predicted median survival differed 2-fold between patients with favorable and risk-associated gene expression signatures. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood analysis informs our understanding of ALS disease mechanisms and genetic association signals. Our findings are consistent with low-grade neutrophilia and hypoxia as ALS phenotypes, with heterogeneity among patients partly driven by differences in myeloid and lymphoid cell abundance. Biomarkers identified in this study require further validation but may provide new tools for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45236 USA
| | - Colin P. S. Kruse
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Edward O. List
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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132
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Allodi I, Nijssen J, Benitez JA, Schweingruber C, Fuchs A, Bonvicini G, Cao M, Kiehn O, Hedlund E. Modeling Motor Neuron Resilience in ALS Using Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1329-1341. [PMID: 31080111 PMCID: PMC6565614 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculomotor neurons, which regulate eye movement, are resilient to degeneration in the lethal motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It would be highly advantageous if motor neuron resilience could be modeled in vitro. Toward this goal, we generated a high proportion of oculomotor neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells through temporal overexpression of PHOX2A in neuronal progenitors. We demonstrate, using electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and RNA sequencing, that in vitro-generated neurons are bona fide oculomotor neurons based on their cellular properties and similarity to their in vivo counterpart in rodent and man. We also show that in vitro-generated oculomotor neurons display a robust activation of survival-promoting Akt signaling and are more resilient to the ALS-like toxicity of kainic acid than spinal motor neurons. Thus, we can generate bona fide oculomotor neurons in vitro that display a resilience similar to that seen in vivo. Bona fide oculomotor neurons can be derived from stem cells by PHOX2A overexpression In vitro- and in vivo-generated oculomotor neurons are transcriptionally similar Stem cell-derived oculomotor neurons display a robust activation of Akt signaling In vitro-generated oculomotor neurons are relatively resilient to ALS-like toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilary Allodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jik Nijssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Andrea Fuchs
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gillian Bonvicini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Kiehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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133
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Beltran S, Nassif M, Vicencio E, Arcos J, Labrador L, Cortes BI, Cortez C, Bergmann CA, Espinoza S, Hernandez MF, Matamala JM, Bargsted L, Matus S, Rojas-Rivera D, Bertrand MJM, Medinas DB, Hetz C, Manque PA, Woehlbier U. Network approach identifies Pacer as an autophagy protein involved in ALS pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:14. [PMID: 30917850 PMCID: PMC6437924 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial fatal motoneuron disease without a cure. Ten percent of ALS cases can be pointed to a clear genetic cause, while the remaining 90% is classified as sporadic. Our study was aimed to uncover new connections within the ALS network through a bioinformatic approach, by which we identified C13orf18, recently named Pacer, as a new component of the autophagic machinery and potentially involved in ALS pathogenesis. METHODS Initially, we identified Pacer using a network-based bioinformatic analysis. Expression of Pacer was then investigated in vivo using spinal cord tissue from two ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and TDP43A315T) and sporadic ALS patients. Mechanistic studies were performed in cell culture using the mouse motoneuron cell line NSC34. Loss of function of Pacer was achieved by knockdown using short-hairpin constructs. The effect of Pacer repression was investigated in the context of autophagy, SOD1 aggregation, and neuronal death. RESULTS Using an unbiased network-based approach, we integrated all available ALS data to identify new functional interactions involved in ALS pathogenesis. We found that Pacer associates to an ALS-specific subnetwork composed of components of the autophagy pathway, one of the main cellular processes affected in the disease. Interestingly, we found that Pacer levels are significantly reduced in spinal cord tissue from sporadic ALS patients and in tissues from two ALS mouse models. In vitro, Pacer deficiency lead to impaired autophagy and accumulation of ALS-associated protein aggregates, which correlated with the induction of cell death. CONCLUSIONS This study, therefore, identifies Pacer as a new regulator of proteostasis associated with ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltran
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Nassif
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Vicencio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Arcos
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Labrador
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - B I Cortes
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Bergmann
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Espinoza
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile
| | - M F Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Matamala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bargsted
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Matus
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Zañartu 1482, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - D Rojas-Rivera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - P A Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - U Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile.
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134
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Klim JR, Williams LA, Limone F, Guerra San Juan I, Davis-Dusenbery BN, Mordes DA, Burberry A, Steinbaugh MJ, Gamage KK, Kirchner R, Moccia R, Cassel SH, Chen K, Wainger BJ, Woolf CJ, Eggan K. ALS-implicated protein TDP-43 sustains levels of STMN2, a mediator of motor neuron growth and repair. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:167-179. [PMID: 30643292 PMCID: PMC7153761 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The findings that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients almost universally display pathological mislocalization of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 and that mutations in its gene cause familial ALS have nominated altered RNA metabolism as a disease mechanism. However, the RNAs regulated by TDP-43 in motor neurons and their connection to neuropathy remain to be identified. Here we report transcripts whose abundances in human motor neurons are sensitive to TDP-43 depletion. Notably, expression of STMN2, which encodes a microtubule regulator, declined after TDP-43 knockdown and TDP-43 mislocalization as well as in patient-specific motor neurons and postmortem patient spinal cord. STMN2 loss upon reduced TDP-43 function was due to altered splicing, which is functionally important, as we show STMN2 is necessary for normal axonal outgrowth and regeneration. Notably, post-translational stabilization of STMN2 rescued neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration deficits induced by TDP-43 depletion. We propose that restoring STMN2 expression warrants examination as a therapeutic strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Klim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis A Williams
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Limone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irune Guerra San Juan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brandi N Davis-Dusenbery
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Seven Bridges Genomics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Mordes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kanchana K Gamage
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rob Moccia
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seth H Cassel
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kuchuan Chen
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Wainger
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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135
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Villalón E, Shababi M, Kline R, Lorson ZC, Florea KM, Lorson CL. Selective vulnerability in neuronal populations in nmd/SMARD1 mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:679-690. [PMID: 29272405 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease causing distal limb muscle atrophy that progresses proximally and is accompanied by diaphragmatic paralysis. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) alterations have been reported in muscles of SMARD1 model mice, known as nmd mice, with varying degrees of severity, suggesting that different muscles are specifically and selectively resistant or susceptible to denervation. To evaluate the extent of NMJ pathology in a broad range of muscles, a panel of axial and appendicular muscles were isolated and immunostained from nmd mice. These analyses revealed that selective distal appendage muscles were highly vulnerable to denervation. Susceptibility to pathology was not limited to NMJ alterations, but included defects in myelination within those neurons innervating susceptible muscles. Interestingly, end plate fragmentation was present within all muscles independent of the extent of NMJ alterations, suggesting that end plate fragmentation is an early hallmark of SMARD1 pathogenesis. Expressing the full-length IGHMBP2 cDNA using an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) significantly decreased all aspects of muscle and nerve disease pathology. These results shed new light onto the pathogenesis of SMARD1 by identifying specific motor units that are resistant and susceptible to neurodegeneration in an important model of SMARD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Monir Shababi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rachel Kline
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zachary C Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kyra M Florea
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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136
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Thams S, Lowry ER, Larraufie MH, Spiller KJ, Li H, Williams DJ, Hoang P, Jiang E, Williams LA, Sandoe J, Eggan K, Lieberam I, Kanning KC, Stockwell BR, Henderson CE, Wichterle H. A Stem Cell-Based Screening Platform Identifies Compounds that Desensitize Motor Neurons to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Mol Ther 2019; 27:87-101. [PMID: 30446391 PMCID: PMC6318783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease selectively targeting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The reasons for differential motor neuron susceptibility remain elusive. We developed a stem cell-based motor neuron assay to study cell-autonomous mechanisms causing motor neuron degeneration, with implications for ALS. A small-molecule screen identified cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) as a stressor to which stem cell-derived motor neurons were more sensitive than interneurons. CPA induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response. Furthermore, CPA resulted in an accelerated degeneration of motor neurons expressing human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) carrying the ALS-causing G93A mutation, compared to motor neurons expressing wild-type hSOD1. A secondary screen identified compounds that alleviated CPA-mediated motor neuron degeneration: three kinase inhibitors and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid derivative. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were validated in human stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying a mutated SOD1 allele (hSOD1A4V). Moreover, we found that the administration of TUDCA in an hSOD1G93A mouse model of ALS reduced muscle denervation. Jointly, these results provide insights into the mechanisms contributing to the preferential susceptibility of ALS motor neurons, and they demonstrate the utility of stem cell-derived motor neurons for the discovery of new neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Thams
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Emily Rhodes Lowry
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Larraufie
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Krista J Spiller
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Damian J Williams
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phuong Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elise Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luis A Williams
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jackson Sandoe
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kevin C Kanning
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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137
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Yanagi KS, Wu Z, Amaya J, Chapkis N, Duffy AM, Hajdarovic KH, Held A, Mathur AD, Russo K, Ryan VH, Steinert BL, Whitt JP, Fallon JR, Fawzi NL, Lipscombe D, Reenan RA, Wharton KA, Hart AC. Meta-analysis of Genetic Modifiers Reveals Candidate Dysregulated Pathways in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2019; 396:A3-A20. [PMID: 30594291 PMCID: PMC6549511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that has significant overlap with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations in specific genes have been identified that can cause and/or predispose patients to ALS. However, the clinical variability seen in ALS patients suggests that additional genes impact pathology, susceptibility, severity, and/or progression of the disease. To identify molecular pathways involved in ALS, we undertook a meta-analysis of published genetic modifiers both in patients and in model organisms, and undertook bioinformatic pathway analysis. From 72 published studies, we generated a list of 946 genes whose perturbation (1) impacted ALS in patient populations, (2) altered defects in laboratory models, or (3) modified defects caused by ALS gene ortholog loss of function. Herein, these are all called modifier genes. We found 727 modifier genes that encode proteins with human orthologs. Of these, 43 modifier genes were identified as modifiers of more than one ALS gene/model, consistent with the hypothesis that shared genes and pathways may underlie ALS. Further, we used a gene ontology-based bioinformatic analysis to identify pathways and associated genes that may be important in ALS. To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive survey of ALS modifier genes. This work suggests that shared molecular mechanisms may underlie pathology caused by different ALS disease genes. Surprisingly, few ALS modifier genes have been tested in more than one disease model. Understanding genes that modify ALS-associated defects will help to elucidate the molecular pathways that underlie ALS and provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Yanagi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Joshua Amaya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Natalie Chapkis
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Amanda M Duffy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Kaitlyn H Hajdarovic
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Aaron Held
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Arjun D Mathur
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Kathryn Russo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Veronica H Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Beatrice L Steinert
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Joshua P Whitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Justin R Fallon
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Nicolas L Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Diane Lipscombe
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Robert A Reenan
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Kristi A Wharton
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
| | - Anne C Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
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138
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Manuel M, Zytnicki D. Molecular and electrophysiological properties of mouse motoneuron and motor unit subtypes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 8:23-29. [PMID: 32551406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The field of motoneuron and motor unit physiology in mammals has deeply evolved the last decade thanks to the parallel development of mouse genetics and transcriptomic analysis and of in vivo mouse preparations that allow intracellular electrophysiological recordings of motoneurons. We review the efforts made to investigate the electrophysiological properties of the different functional subtypes of mouse motoneurons, to decipher the mosaic of molecular markers specifically expressed in each subtype, and to elucidate which of those factors drive the identity of motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Manuel
- Center for Neurophysics, Physiology and Pathology, Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR 8119, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Zytnicki
- Center for Neurophysics, Physiology and Pathology, Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR 8119, Paris, France
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139
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Spiller KJ, Khan T, Dominique MA, Restrepo CR, Cotton-Samuel D, Levitan M, Jafar-Nejad P, Zhang B, Soriano A, Rigo F, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Reduction of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) protects motor neurons from TDP-43-triggered death in rNLS8 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:133-140. [PMID: 30458231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies are needed for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One potential target is matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is expressed only by fast motor neurons (MNs) that are selectively vulnerable to various ALS-relevant triggers. Previous studies have shown that reduction of MMP-9 function delayed motor dysfunction in a mouse model of familial ALS. However, given that the majority of ALS cases are sporadic, we propose preclinical testing in a mouse model which may be more clinically translatable: rNLS8 mice. In rNLS8 mice, neurodegeneration is triggered by the major pathological hallmark of ALS, TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation. MMP-9 was targeted in 3 different ways in rNLS8 mice: by AAV9-mediated knockdown, using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technology, and by genetic modification. All 3 strategies preserved the motor unit during disease, as measured by MN counts, tibialis anterior (TA) muscle innervation, and physiological recordings from muscle. However, the strategies that reduced MMP-9 beyond the motor unit lead to premature deaths in a subset of rNLS8 mice. Therefore, selective targeting of MMP-9 in MNs could be beneficial in ALS, but side effects outside of the motor circuit may limit the most commonly used clinical targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista J Spiller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Tahiyana Khan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Myrna A Dominique
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clark R Restrepo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dejania Cotton-Samuel
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maya Levitan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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140
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Oxidative stress-modulating drugs have preferential anticancer effects - involving the regulation of apoptosis, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:109-117. [PMID: 30149066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To achieve preferential effects against cancer cells but less damage to normal cells is one of the main challenges of cancer research. In this review, we explore the roles and relationships of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage, ER stress, autophagy, metabolism, and migration of ROS-modulating anticancer drugs. Understanding preferential anticancer effects in more detail will improve chemotherapeutic approaches that are based on ROS-modulating drugs in cancer treatments.
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141
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Misawa H, Morisaki Y. [Motor neuron heterogeneity and selective vulnerability in ALS]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 152:64-69. [PMID: 30101862 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.152.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Different and selective vulnerability among motor neuron subtypes are a fundamental, but unexplained, feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): fast-fatigable (FF) motor neurons are the most vulnerable, and fast fatigue-resistant/slow (FR/S) motor neurons are relatively resistant. We identified that osteopontin (OPN) can serve as a marker of FR/S motor neurons, whereas matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) is expressed by FF motor neurons in mice. In SOD1G93A ALS model mice, as the disease progressed, OPN was secreted and accumulated as granular deposits in the extracellular matrix. We also detected OPN/MMP9 co-expressed motor neurons around the disease onset. These double positive motor neurons showed the expression of αvβ3 integrin (OPN receptor) and up-regulation of ER stress markers. We discovered that the double positive motor neurons are remodeled FR/S motor neurons, which compensated for FF motor neuron degeneration (the first wave of degeneration). Genetic ablation of OPN delayed the onset of disease, but later accelerated disease progression. This reflects two modes of OPN involvement in the pathogenesis of ALS: cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects on motor neuron vulnerability. Our study suggests that OPN expressed in FR/S motor neurons is involved in the second wave of motor neuron degeneration in ALS, and an OPN-αvβ3 integrin-MMP9 axis could be a potentially useful therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University
| | - Yuta Morisaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University
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142
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Jaiswal MK. Riluzole and edaravone: A tale of two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:733-748. [PMID: 30101496 DOI: 10.1002/med.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a multitude of experimental drugs have been shown to delay disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show efficacy in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I-III trials. Riluzole, a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor, is the only drug approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment with modest benefits on survival. Recently, an antioxidant drug, edaravone, developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma was found to be effective in halting ALS progression during early stages. The newly approved drug edaravone is a force multiplier for ALS treatment. This short report provides an overview of the two drugs that have been approved for ALS treatment and highlights an update on the timeline of drug development, how clinical trials were done, the outcome of these trials, primary endpoint, mechanism of actions, dosing information, administration, side effects, and storage procedures. Moreover, we also discussed the pressing issues and challenges of ALS clinical trials and drug developments as well as future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Center of Physiology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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143
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Gomes C, Cunha C, Nascimento F, Ribeiro JA, Vaz AR, Brites D. Cortical Neurotoxic Astrocytes with Early ALS Pathology and miR-146a Deficit Replicate Gliosis Markers of Symptomatic SOD1G93A Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2137-2158. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cerveró C, Blasco A, Tarabal O, Casanovas A, Piedrafita L, Navarro X, Esquerda JE, Calderó J. Glial Activation and Central Synapse Loss, but Not Motoneuron Degeneration, Are Prevented by the Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist PRE-084 in the Smn2B/- Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:577-597. [PMID: 29767748 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by the loss of α-motoneurons (MNs) with concomitant muscle denervation. MN excitability and vulnerability to disease are particularly regulated by cholinergic synaptic afferents (C-boutons), in which Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is concentrated. Alterations in Sig1R have been associated with MN degeneration. Here, we investigated whether a chronic treatment with the Sig1R agonist PRE-084 was able to exert beneficial effects on SMA. We used a model of intermediate SMA, the Smn2B/- mouse, in which we performed a detailed characterization of the histopathological changes that occur throughout the disease. We report that Smn2B/- mice exhibited qualitative differences in major alterations found in mouse models of severe SMA: Smn2B/- animals showed more prominent MN degeneration, early motor axon alterations, marked changes in sensory neurons, and later MN deafferentation that correlated with conspicuous reactive gliosis and altered neuroinflammatory M1/M2 microglial balance. PRE-084 attenuated reactive gliosis, mitigated M1/M2 imbalance, and prevented MN deafferentation in Smn2B/- mice. These effects were also observed in a severe SMA model, the SMNΔ7 mouse. However, the prevention of gliosis and MN deafferentation promoted by PRE-084 were not accompanied by any improvements in clinical outcome or other major pathological changes found in SMA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Cerveró
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Blasco
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep E Esquerda
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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145
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Izrael M, Slutsky SG, Admoni T, Cohen L, Granit A, Hasson A, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Krush Paker L, Kuperstein G, Lavon N, Yehezkel Ionescu S, Solmesky LJ, Zaguri R, Zhuravlev A, Volman E, Chebath J, Revel M. Safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes following intrathecal transplantation in SOD1 G93A and NSG animal models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29871694 PMCID: PMC5989413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron (MN) disease characterized by the loss of MNs in the central nervous system. As MNs die, patients progressively lose their ability to control voluntary movements, become paralyzed and eventually die from respiratory/deglutition failure. Despite the selective MN death in ALS, there is growing evidence that malfunctional astrocytes play a crucial role in disease progression. Thus, transplantation of healthy astrocytes may compensate for the diseased astrocytes. METHODS We developed a good manufacturing practice-grade protocol for generation of astrocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The first stage of our protocol is derivation of astrocyte progenitor cells (APCs) from hESCs. These APCs can be expanded in large quantities and stored frozen as cell banks. Further differentiation of the APCs yields an enriched population of astrocytes with more than 90% GFAP expression (hES-AS). hES-AS were injected intrathecally into hSOD1G93A transgenic mice and rats to evaluate their therapeutic potential. The safety and biodistribution of hES-AS were evaluated in a 9-month study conducted in immunodeficient NSG mice under good laboratory practice conditions. RESULTS In vitro, hES-AS possess the activities of functional healthy astrocytes, including glutamate uptake, promotion of axon outgrowth and protection of MNs from oxidative stress. A secretome analysis shows that these hES-AS also secrete several inhibitors of metalloproteases as well as a variety of neuroprotective factors (e.g. TIMP-1, TIMP-2, OPN, MIF and Midkine). Intrathecal injections of the hES-AS into transgenic hSOD1G93A mice and rats significantly delayed disease onset and improved motor performance compared to sham-injected animals. A safety study in immunodeficient mice showed that intrathecal transplantation of hES-AS is safe. Transplanted hES-AS attached to the meninges along the neuroaxis and survived for the entire duration of the study without formation of tumors or teratomas. Cell-injected mice gained similar body weight to the sham-injected group and did not exhibit clinical signs that could be related to the treatment. No differences from the vehicle control were observed in hematological parameters or blood chemistry. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the safety and potential therapeutic benefits of intrathecal injection of hES-AS for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Izrael
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shalom Guy Slutsky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Admoni
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Louisa Cohen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Granit
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Hasson
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lena Krush Paker
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Graciela Kuperstein
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Neta Lavon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shiran Yehezkel Ionescu
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Leonardo Javier Solmesky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Rachel Zaguri
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Alina Zhuravlev
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Volman
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Judith Chebath
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michel Revel
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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146
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miR126-5p Downregulation Facilitates Axon Degeneration and NMJ Disruption via a Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanism in ALS. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5478-5494. [PMID: 29773756 PMCID: PMC6001038 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3037-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration and disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are key events in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology. Although the disease's etiology is not fully understood, it is thought to involve a non-cell-autonomous mechanism and alterations in RNA metabolism. Here, we identified reduced levels of miR126-5p in presymptomatic ALS male mice models, and an increase in its targets: axon destabilizing Type 3 Semaphorins and their coreceptor Neuropilins. Using compartmentalized in vitro cocultures, we demonstrated that myocytes expressing diverse ALS-causing mutations promote axon degeneration and NMJ dysfunction, which were inhibited by applying Neuropilin1 blocking antibody. Finally, overexpressing miR126-5p is sufficient to transiently rescue axon degeneration and NMJ disruption both in vitro and in vivo Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying ALS pathology, in which alterations in miR126-5p facilitate a non-cell-autonomous mechanism of motor neuron degeneration in ALS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite some progress, currently no effective treatment is available for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We suggest a novel regulatory role for miR126-5p in ALS and demonstrate, for the first time, a mechanism by which alterations in miR126-5p contribute to axon degeneration and NMJ disruption observed in ALS. We show that miR126-5p is altered in ALS models and that it can modulate Sema3 and NRP protein expression. Furthermore, NRP1 elevations in motor neurons and muscle secretion of Sema3A contribute to axon degeneration and NMJ disruption in ALS. Finally, overexpressing miR126-5p is sufficient to transiently rescue NMJ disruption and axon degeneration both in vitro and in vivo.
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147
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal degenerative disorder of motor neurons that overlaps clinically with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Investigations of the 10% of ALS cases that are transmitted as dominant traits have revealed numerous gene mutations and variants that either cause these disorders or influence their clinical phenotype. The evolving understanding of the genetic architecture of ALS has illuminated broad themes in the molecular pathophysiology of both familial and sporadic ALS and FTD. These central themes encompass disturbances of protein homeostasis, alterations in the biology of RNA binding proteins, and defects in cytoskeletal dynamics, as well as numerous downstream pathophysiological events. Together, these findings from ALS genetics provide new insight into therapies that target genetically distinct subsets of ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
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148
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De Santis R, Garone MG, Pagani F, de Turris V, Di Angelantonio S, Rosa A. Direct conversion of human pluripotent stem cells into cranial motor neurons using a piggyBac vector. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:189-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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149
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Kelley KW, Ben Haim L, Schirmer L, Tyzack GE, Tolman M, Miller JG, Tsai HH, Chang SM, Molofsky AV, Yang Y, Patani R, Lakatos A, Ullian EM, Rowitch DH. Kir4.1-Dependent Astrocyte-Fast Motor Neuron Interactions Are Required for Peak Strength. Neuron 2018; 98:306-319.e7. [PMID: 29606582 PMCID: PMC5919779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diversified neurons are essential for sensorimotor function, but whether astrocytes become specialized to optimize circuit performance remains unclear. Large fast α-motor neurons (FαMNs) of spinal cord innervate fast-twitch muscles that generate peak strength. We report that ventral horn astrocytes express the inward-rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (a.k.a. Kcnj10) around MNs in a VGLUT1-dependent manner. Loss of astrocyte-encoded Kir4.1 selectively altered FαMN size and function and led to reduced peak strength. Overexpression of Kir4.1 in astrocytes was sufficient to increase MN size through activation of the PI3K/mTOR/pS6 pathway. Kir4.1 was downregulated cell autonomously in astrocytes derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with SOD1 mutation. However, astrocyte Kir4.1 was dispensable for FαMN survival even in the mutant SOD1 background. These findings show that astrocyte Kir4.1 is essential for maintenance of peak strength and suggest that Kir4.1 downregulation might uncouple symptoms of muscle weakness from MN cell death in diseases like ALS. Kir4.1 is upregulated in astrocytes around high-activity alpha motor neurons (MNs) Astrocyte Kir4.1 KO caused decreased peak strength without alpha MN loss ALS patient-derived astrocytes show cell-autonomous Kir4.1 downregulation Astrocyte Kir4.1 regulates MN size through PI3K/mTOR/pS6 activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Kelley
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giulia E Tyzack
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michaela Tolman
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John G Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hui-Hsin Tsai
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sandra M Chang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andras Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK.
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150
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Azpurua J, Mahoney RE, Eaton BA. Transcriptomics of aged Drosophila motor neurons reveals a matrix metalloproteinase that impairs motor function. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29411505 PMCID: PMC5847883 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is responsible for transforming nervous system signals into motor behavior and locomotion. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, an age‐dependent decline in motor function occurs, analogous to the decline experienced in mice, humans, and other mammals. The molecular and cellular underpinnings of this decline are still poorly understood. By specifically profiling the transcriptome of Drosophila motor neurons across age using custom microarrays, we found that the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (dMMP1) gene reproducibly increased in motor neurons in an age‐dependent manner. Modulation of physiological aging also altered the rate of dMMP1 expression, validating dMMP1 expression as a bona fide aging biomarker for motor neurons. Temporally controlled overexpression of dMMP1 specifically in motor neurons was sufficient to induce deficits in climbing behavior and cause a decrease in neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular synapses. These deficits were reversible if the dMMP1 expression was shut off again immediately after the onset of motor dysfunction. Additionally, repression of dMMP1 enzymatic activity via overexpression of a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases delayed the onset of age‐dependent motor dysfunction. MMPs are required for proper tissue architecture during development. Our results support the idea that matrix metalloproteinase 1 is acting as a downstream effector of antagonistic pleiotropy in motor neurons and is necessary for proper development, but deleterious when reactivated at an advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Azpurua
- Department of Anesthesiology; Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Rebekah E. Mahoney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; UTHSCSA; San Antonio TX USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies; UTHSCSA; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Benjamin A. Eaton
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; UTHSCSA; San Antonio TX USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies; UTHSCSA; San Antonio TX USA
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