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Ting HC, Chang CY, Lu KY, Chuang HM, Tsai SF, Huang MH, Liu CA, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. Targeting Cellular Stress Mechanisms and Metabolic Homeostasis by Chinese Herbal Drugs for Neuroprotection. Molecules 2018; 23:E259. [PMID: 29382106 PMCID: PMC6017457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced for centuries in East Asia. Herbs are used to maintain health and cure disease. Certain Chinese herbs are known to protect and improve the brain, memory, and nervous system. To apply ancient knowledge to modern science, some major natural therapeutic compounds in herbs were extracted and evaluated in recent decades. Emerging studies have shown that herbal compounds have neuroprotective effects or can ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. To understand the mechanisms of herbal compounds that protect against neurodegenerative diseases, we summarize studies that discovered neuroprotection by herbal compounds and compound-related mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease models. Those compounds discussed herein show neuroprotection through different mechanisms, such as cytokine regulation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, glucose metabolism, and synaptic function. The interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling pathways are inhibited by some compounds, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting neurons from cell death. As to autophagy regulation, herbal compounds show opposite regulatory effects in different neurodegenerative models. Herbal compounds that inhibit ER stress prevent neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there are compounds that protect against neuronal death by affecting glucose metabolism and synaptic function. Since the progression of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, and compound-related mechanisms for neuroprotection differ, therapeutic strategies may need to involve multiple compounds and consider the type and stage of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Ting
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Meng Chuang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Sahin Ozkartal C, Aricioglu F, Tuzun E, Kucukali Cİ. Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia in rats is coupled with the upregulation of inflammasome sensors: a possible involvement of NLRP1. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1426694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sahin Ozkartal
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medical Research, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem İsmail Kucukali
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medical Research, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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103
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Wang GQ, Li DD, Huang C, Lu DS, Zhang C, Zhou SY, Liu J, Zhang F. Icariin Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss and Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:441. [PMID: 29375304 PMCID: PMC5767257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized with a gradual loss of midbrain substantia nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons. An excessive evidence demonstrated that microglia-mediated inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, inhibition of neuroinflammation might possess a promising potential for PD treatment. Icariin (ICA), a single active component extracted from the Herba Epimedii, presents amounts of pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-aging. Recent studies show ICA produced neuroprotection against brain dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying ICA-exerted neuroprotection are fully illuminated. In the present study, two different neurotoxins of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat midbrain DA neuronal damage were applied to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ICA. In addition, primary rat midbrain neuron-glia co-cultures were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying ICA-mediated DA neuroprotection. In vitro data showed that ICA protected DA neurons from LPS/6-OHDA-induced DA neuronal damage and inhibited microglia activation and pro-inflammatory factors production via the suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation. In animal results, ICA significantly reduced microglia activation and significantly attenuated LPS/6-OHDA-induced DA neuronal loss and subsequent animal behavior changes. Together, ICA could protect DA neurons against LPS- and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. These actions might be closely associated with the inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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104
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Sun X, Deng X, Cai W, Li W, Shen Z, Jiang T, Huang J. Icariin inhibits LPS-induced cell inflammatory response by promoting GRα nuclear translocation and upregulating GRα expression. Life Sci 2018; 195:33-43. [PMID: 29317219 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid isolated from certain plant species in the genus Epimedium, especially Epimedium brevicornum. Previous studies indicated that ICA has certain regulatory effects on some inflammatory diseases, and that ICA regulates the activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and NF-κB. But the causal link between GR and NF-κB and other downstream pathways in effects of ICA remained elusive, therefore here we have investigated whether ICA could promote GR function, in turn, to regulate NF-κB and/or other factors to achieve its anti-inflammatory effect. MAIN METHODS Inflammatory cell models were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 and HeLa cell line. Observation of GRα nuclear translocation by confocal laser scanning microscopy. GRα and inflammatory cytokines expression was detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blotting and ELISA. Co-immunoprecipitation technique was used to detect the binding of GRα to downstream transcription factors. GRα activity was blocked by GRα antagonist RU486, and GR downstream transcription factors including NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3 were silenced by corresponding RNA interference. KEY FINDINGS In both inflammatory cell models, ICA decreased LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). While ICA up-regulated the amount of GRα and promoted its nucleus translocation. The increased GRα in the nucleus by ICA bound more NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3. Blockade GRα and silence of NF-κB, c-Jun, and Stat3 expression partially abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of ICA. SIGNIFICANCE Promoted GR function and the consequent inhibition of pro-inflammatory transcription factors contribute a main mechanism by which ICA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Sun
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Waijiao Cai
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziyin Shen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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105
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Wu Y, Wang L, Hu K, Yu C, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Shao A. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Depression After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:682. [PMID: 30618863 PMCID: PMC6304443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between depression and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is complicated. One of the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidities of hemorrhagic stroke is Post-ICH depression. Depression, as a neuropsychiatric symptom, also negatively impacts the outcome of ICH by enhancing morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, the ICH outcome can be improved by antidepressants such as the frequently-used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This review therefore presents the mechanisms of post-ICH depression, we grouped the mechanisms according to inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), apoptosis and autophagy, and explained them through their several associated signaling pathways. Inflammation is mainly related to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the NF-kB mediated signal pathway, the PPAR-γ-dependent pathway, as well as other signaling pathways. OS is associated to nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), the PI3K/Akt pathway and the MAPK/P38 pathway. Moreover, autophagy is associated with the mTOR signaling cascade and the NF-kB mediated signal pathway, while apoptosis is correlated with the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway, mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, caspase-independent pathways and others. Furthermore, we found that neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis experience interactions with one another. Additionally, it may provide several potential therapeutic targets for patients that might suffer from depression after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaimin Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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106
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Antidepressant Flavonoids and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5762172. [PMID: 29410733 PMCID: PMC5749298 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5762172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people around the world and causes poor quality of life, problem behaviors, and limitations in activities of daily living. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic options is of high interest and growth. Research on the relationship between depression and oxidative stress has shown important biochemical aspects in the development of this disease. Flavonoids are a class of natural products that exhibit several pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like activity, and affects various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Studies show the clinical potential of antioxidant flavonoids in treating depressive disorders and strongly suggest that these natural products are interesting prototype compounds in the study of new antidepressant drugs. So, this review will summarize the chemical and pharmacological perspectives related to the discovery of flavonoids with antidepressant activity. The mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed, including their actions on oxidative stress relating to depression.
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107
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Todorović N, Filipović D. The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of fluoxetine and clozapine in chronically isolated rats involve inhibition of hippocampal TNF-α. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Icariin Prevents IL-1 β-Induced Apoptosis in Human Nucleus Pulposus via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2198323. [PMID: 29259641 PMCID: PMC5702406 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2198323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the effect and possible mechanism of icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from the Chinese herb Epimedium sagittatum that was applied to IL-1β pretreated human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Methods Human NP cells were isolated from intervertebral discs of patients with scoliosis and lumbar spondylolisthesis. The cells were divided into five groups: A (blank control); B (20 ng/ml IL-1β); C (20 ng/ml IL-1β + 20 μM icariin); D (20 μM icariin + 20 ng/ml IL-1β + 25 μM LY294002); E (20 ng/ml IL-1β + 25 μM LY294002). For each of the five groups, the CCK8, apoptosis rates, ROS rates, and JC-1 rates were determined and an electron micrograph was performed. Different expression levels of apoptosis proteins and proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway were detected via western blot. Results We found that the damage effects on human nucleus pulposus cells from 20 ng/ml of IL-1β exposure were attenuated by icariin. When the PI3K/AKT pathway was blocked by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of this pathway, the protective effect of icariin was impaired. In summary, icariin might be a protective traditional Chinese medicine, which prevents inflammation-induced degeneration of intervertebral discs partly through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Huang C, Wang P, Xu X, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Hu W, Gao M, Wu Y, Ling Y, Zhao X, Qin Y, Yang R, Zhang W. The ketone body metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate induces an antidepression-associated ramification of microglia via HDACs inhibition-triggered Akt-small RhoGTPase activation. Glia 2017; 66:256-278. [PMID: 29058362 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct induction of macrophage ramification has been shown to promote an alternative (M2) polarization, suggesting that the ramified morphology may determine the function of immune cells. The ketone body metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) elevated in conditions including fasting and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) can reduce neuroinflammation. However, how exactly BHB impacts microglia remains unclear. We report that BHB as well as its producing stimuli fasting and KD induced obvious ramifications of murine microglia in basal and inflammatory conditions in a reversible manner, and these ramifications were accompanied with microglial profile toward M2 polarization and phagocytosis. The protein kinase B (Akt)-small RhoGTPase axis was found to mediate the effect of BHB on microglial shape change, as (i) BHB activated the microglial small RhoGTPase (Rac1, Cdc42) and Akt; (ii) Akt and Rac1-Cdc42 inhibition abolished the pro-ramification effect of BHB; (iii) Akt inhibition prevented the activation of Rac1-Cdc42 induced by BHB treatment. Incubation of microglia with other classical histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors, but not G protein-coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a) activators, also induced microglial ramification and Akt activation, suggesting that the BHB-induced ramification of microglia may be triggered by HDACs inhibition. Functionally, Akt inhibition was found to abrogate the effects of BHB on microglial polarization and phagocytosis. In neuroinflammatory models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), BHB prevented the microglial process retraction and depressive-like behaviors, and these effects were abolished by Akt inhibition. Our findings for the first time showed that BHB exerts anti-inflammatory actions via promotion of microglial ramification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Minhui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yibin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
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Kaufmann FN, Costa AP, Ghisleni G, Diaz AP, Rodrigues ALS, Peluffo H, Kaster MP. NLRP3 inflammasome-driven pathways in depression: Clinical and preclinical findings. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:367-383. [PMID: 28263786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, an intricate interaction between immune activation, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in brain circuits related to mood and behavior has been described. Despite extensive efforts, questions regarding when inflammation becomes detrimental or how we can target the immune system to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders remain unresolved. In this context, novel aspects of the neuroinflammatory process activated in response to stressful challenges have recently been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). The Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) is an intracellular multiprotein complex responsible for a number of innate immune processes associated with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Recent data have demonstrated that NLRP3 activation appears to bridge the gap between immune activation and metabolic danger signals or stress exposure, which are key factors in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss both preclinical and clinical evidence that links the assembly of the NLRP3 complex and the subsequent proteolysis and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in chronic stress models and patients with MDD. Importantly, we also focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex to improve stress resilience and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda N Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hugo Peluffo
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Lab., Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Dept. Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UDELAR, Uruguay
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Sun H, Su Q, Lin T, Zhang H, Zhang J, Dang S, Zhu Z. Antidepressant-like activity of icariin mediated by group I mGluRs in prenatally stressed offspring. Brain Dev 2017; 39:593-600. [PMID: 28395974 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to identify antidepressant-like activity of icariin in prenatally stressed male rats. METHODS The effects of icariin on PRS-induced depression were examined using sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) in male offspring, and measuring protein and mRNA expressions of group I mGluRs receptors and EAAT2 via western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assays. RESULTS The results indicated that prenatal restraint stress (PRS) resulted in several behavioral anomalies. Treatment with icariin relieved the elevated protein and mRNA levels of group I mGluR receptors as well as the diminished protein and mRNA levels of EAAT2 in the PRS male offspring. CONCLUSIONS Collectivity, the data support that icariin ameliorates PRS-induced depressive-like behavior via regulating expression of mGluR1, mGluR5 and EAAT2 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 86-710003, PR China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 86-710061, PR China
| | - Tianwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 86-710061, PR China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China
| | - Shaokang Dang
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 86-710061, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 86-710069, PR China.
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112
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Mangiferin inhibits hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome and exerts antidepressant effects in a chronic mild stress mice model. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:356-364. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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113
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Xia Z, Peng W, Cheng S, Zhong B, Sheng C, Zhang C, Gong W, Cheng S, Li J, Wang Z. Naoling decoction restores cognitive function by inhibiting the neuroinflammatory network in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42648-42663. [PMID: 28487495 PMCID: PMC5522095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously showed that Naoling decoction (NLD), a traditional Chinese medicine, was effective against AD, acting by inhibiting expression of IL-1β and IL-6. In the present study, we generated the rat model of AD by injecting Aβ1-42 peptide intracerebroventricularly and evaluated the dose-dependent effects of NLD treatment. The NLD-treated rats exhibited significant improvements in cognitive function as evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Golgi-Cox staining revealed that NLD treatment dose-dependently increased dendritic spines in the CA1 region, which were diminished in vehicle-treated rats. Further, NLD treatment normalized hippocampal Chromogranin A levels, which were elevated by Aβ1-42 induction. NLD also attenuated activation of microglia and astrocytes induced by Aβ1-42. Subsequently, NLD dose-dependently reduced levels TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the ASC-dependent inflammasome in the hippocampus. These findings reveal that NLD is a promising therapeutic agent that exerts inhibitory effects at multiple sites within the neuroinflammatory network induced in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shunhua Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bingwu Zhong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chenxia Sheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Neurology, Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuyang, Hunan 4103002, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jun Li
- Thyroid Tumour Internal Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Huang X, Liu X, Yu Y. Depression and Chronic Liver Diseases: Are There Shared Underlying Mechanisms? Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:134. [PMID: 28533742 PMCID: PMC5420567 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of depression is higher in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) than that in the general population. The mechanism described in previous studies mainly focused on inflammation and stress, which not only exists in CLD, but also emerges in common chronic diseases, leaving the specific mechanism unknown. This review was to summarize the prevalence and risk factors of depression in CLD including chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and to point out the possible underlying mechanism of this potential link. Clarifying the origins of this common comorbidity (depression and CLD) may provide more information to understand both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
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Martin V, Allaïli N, Euvrard M, Marday T, Riffaud A, Franc B, Mocaër E, Gabriel C, Fossati P, Lehericy S, Lanfumey L. Effect of agomelatine on memory deficits and hippocampal gene expression induced by chronic social defeat stress in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45907. [PMID: 28374847 PMCID: PMC5379201 DOI: 10.1038/srep45907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to induce not only anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes in mice but also cognitive impairments, for which the action of classical antidepressant compounds remains unsatisfactory. In this context, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) on anxiety-, social- and cognitive-related behaviors, as well as hippocampal Bdnf, synaptic plasticity markers (PSD-95, Synaptophysin, Spinophilin, Synapsin I and MAP-2), and epigenetic modifying enzymes (MYST2, HDAC2, HDAC6, MLL3, KDM5B, DNMT3B, GADD45B) gene expression in C57BL/6J mice. CSDS for 10 days provoked long-lasting anxious-like phenotype in the open field and episodic memory deficits in the novel object recognition test. While total Bdnf mRNA level was unchanged, Bdnf exon IV, MAP-2, HDAC2, HDAC6 and MLL3 gene expression was significantly decreased in the CSDS mouse hippocampus. In CSDS mice treated 3 weeks with 50 mg/kg/d agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatonergic receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist properties, the anxious-like phenotype was not reversed, but the treatment successfully prevented the cognitive impairments and hippocampal gene expression modifications. Altogether, these data evidenced that, in mice, agomelatine was effective in alleviating stress-induced altered cognitive functions, possibly through a mechanism involving BDNF signaling, synaptic plasticity and epigenetic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Najib Allaïli
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR- Inserm UMR1127- CNRS 7225, Institut Cerveau Moelle - ICM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Marine Euvrard
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tevrasamy Marday
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Armance Riffaud
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Franc
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Mocaër
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, IRIS, Suresnes, France
| | - Cecilia Gabriel
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, IRIS, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Fossati
- Social and Affective Neuroscience - SAN Laboratory - Inserm U 1127- CNRS UMR 7225- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle- ICM - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR- Inserm UMR1127- CNRS 7225, Institut Cerveau Moelle - ICM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Alcocer-Gómez E, Castejón-Vega B, Cordero MD. Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 108:127-162. [PMID: 28427559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a complex event that induces disturbances to physiological and psychological homeostasis, and it may have a detrimental impact on certain brain and physiological functions. In the last years, a dual role of the stress effect has been studied in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which can induce physiological symptoms after psychological stress exposition and vice versa. In this sense, inflammation has been proposed as an important starring. And in the same line, the inflammasome complex has emerged to give responses because of its role of stress sensor. The implication of the same complex, NLRP3 inflammasome, in different diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and metabolic diseases opens a door to develop new therapeutic perspectives.
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Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats. Behav Neurol 2017; 2017:5091027. [PMID: 28280289 PMCID: PMC5322660 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown that the anxiolytic effect of Selank is comparable to that of classical benzodiazepine drugs and that the basis of their mechanism of action may be similar. These data suggest that the presence of Selank may change the action of classical benzodiazepine drugs. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the anxiolytic activity of Selank and diazepam in rats both under conditions of unpredictable chronic mild stress and in its absence, after the individual and combined administration of these compounds using the elevated plus maze test. We found that, even in the absence of chronic stress, the administration of a course of test substances changed anxiety indicators toward their deterioration, but the changes after the administration of a course of Selank were less pronounced. In conditions of chronic stress, anxiety indicator values after the simultaneous use of diazepam and Selank did not differ from the respective values observed before chronic stress exposure. The data obtained indicate that the individual administration of Selank was the most effective in reducing elevated levels of anxiety, induced by the administration of a course of test substances, whereas the combination of diazepam with Selank was the most effective in reducing anxiety in unpredictable chronic mild stress conditions.
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EGb761 attenuates depressive-like behaviours induced by long-term light deprivation in C57BL/6J mice through inhibition of NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:350-357. [PMID: 28450797 PMCID: PMC5382876 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.63807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous investigation found that Ginkgo extract EGb761 could attenuate the depressive-like behaviours induced by a single injection of lipopolysaccharide in mice. However, it has not been investigated whether EGb761 is effective on depressive-like behaviours induced by long-term light deprivation and whether its effects are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway. In this study, three groups (vehicle group, EGb761 low-dose group, and EGb761 high-dose group) of C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to constant darkness for four weeks. The control mice remained on a 12 : 12 light-dark cycle. Depressive-like behaviours were evaluated by tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Spontaneous locomotor activity was evaluated by open field test (OFT). Levels of IL-6, IL-6 mRNA, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and phospho-IκBα were measured using Elisa, western blotting, or PCR assays. NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity was evaluated using Chemi Transcription Factor Assay Kit. Results showed long-term light deprivation prolonged the immobile time in TST and FST, shortened the latency to immobility in FST, reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in OFT, decreased sucrose preference in SPT, and increased levels of IL-6, IL-6 mRNA, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and phospho-IκBα in hippocampal tissue. EGb761 dose-dependently reversed the changes of the above parameters induced by long-term light deprivation, without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. We conclude that EGb761 could attenuate the depressive-like behaviours and inhibit the NF-κB-IL-6 signalling pathway in a light-deprivation-induced mouse model of depression.
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Fleshner M, Frank M, Maier SF. Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:36-45. [PMID: 27412959 PMCID: PMC5143484 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and other mood disorders remain difficult to effectively treat, and innovative interventions and therapeutic targets are needed. Psychological stressors and inappropriate inflammation increase the risk and severity of mood disorders; however, only recently have the importance of sterile inflammatory processes in this effect been revealed. This review will introduce the reader to pathogen vs sterile inflammation, inflammatory receptor-ligand interactions, microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and the more recent discovery of the role of the inflammasome in peripheral and central nervous system cytokine/chemokine inflammatory responses. The review will focus on current preclinical and clinical evidence that sterile inflammation and inflammasome-dependent signaling may contribute to mood disorders. By understanding these inflammatory signaling processes, new approaches for quieting chronic or inappropriate inflammatory states may be revealed and this could serve as novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Frank
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Neurobiology of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Major Depressive Disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:77-95. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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121
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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122
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Xu P, Wang KZ, Lu C, Dong LM, Le Zhai J, Liao YH, Aibai S, Yang Y, Liu XM. Antidepressant-like effects and cognitive enhancement of the total phenols extract of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats and its related mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:819-826. [PMID: 27623554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Depression induce distressed emotional state and cognitive deficits simultaneously, which both should be improved in the treatment. Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (HC) is a traditional herbal medicine in Eastern-Asia areas and the total phenols extract of HC (HCPE) contains the main active ingredients. It has been reported that HC has the emotional improvement effect. But the cognitive effect of HC was seldom researched. AIM OF THE STUDY We designed to evaluate the antidepressant and cognitive improvement effect of HCPE using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, and the potential mechanisms were explored by investigating the corticosterone (CORT), monoamine neurotansmitters, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS The depression rats were induced by CUMS procedures and treated with HCPE (10, 20, 40mg/kg/day, by gastric gavage). The antidepressant effect was evaluated by sucrose preference test, open field test and body weight, while the cognitive improvement was investigated using morris water maze test. Besides, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The serum CORT and BDNF in hippocampus were test using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The oxidative stress indicators in frontal cortex were also analyzed. RESULTS HCPE (40mg/kg) improved the emotion and cognition related behaviors in depression effectively. Moreover, HCPE increased the neurotransmitters concentration (5-HT, DA and NE) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex compared with CUMS rats. Meanwhile, the CUMS induced changes of serum corticosterone level and the hippocampus BDNF level were reversed. Besides, HCPE reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in the frontal cortex of model rats. CONCLUSION It suggested that HCPE could improve the depression-like emotional status and associated cognitive deficits in CUMS rats, which might be mediated by regulation of neurotransmitters and BDNF levels in brain, alleviation of corticosterone level as well as the alleviation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ke Zhu Wang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Ming Dong
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Le Zhai
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hong Liao
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Silafu Aibai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830049, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xin Min Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chandrasekhar Y, Ramya EM, Navya K, Phani Kumar G, Anilakumar KR. Antidepressant like effects of hydrolysable tannins of Terminalia catappa leaf extract via modulation of hippocampal plasticity and regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:414-425. [PMID: 28012396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia catappa L. belonging to Combretaceae family is a folk medicine, known for its multiple pharmacological properties, but the neuro-modulatory effect of TC against chronic mild stress was seldom explored. The present study was designed to elucidate potential antidepressant-like effect of Terminalia cattapa (leaf) hydro-alcoholic extract (TC) by using CMS model for a period of 7 weeks. Identification of hydrolysable tannins was done by using LC-MS. After the CMS exposure, mice groups were administered with imipramine (IMP, 10mg/kg, i.p.) and TC (25, 50 and 100mg/kg of TC, p.o.). Behavioural paradigms used for the study included forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). After behavioural tests, monoamine neurotransmitter, cortisol, AchE, oxidative stress levels and mRNA expression studies relevant to depression were assessed. TC supplementation significantly reversed CMS induced immobility time in FST and other behavioural paradigms. Moreover, TC administration significantly restored CMS induced changes in concentrations of hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA and NE) as well as levels of acetyl cholinesterase, cortisol, monoamine oxidases (MAO-A, MAO-B), BDNF, CREB, and p-CREB. It suggests that TC supplementation could supress stress induced depression by regulating monoamine neurotransmitters, CREB, BDNF, cortisol, AchE level as well as by amelioration of oxidative stress. Hence TC can be used as a complementary medicine against depression-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chandrasekhar
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
| | - E M Ramya
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Navya
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - G Phani Kumar
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
| | - K R Anilakumar
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
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Zhang L, Wang XZ, Li YS, Zhang L, Hao LR. Icariin ameliorates IgA nephropathy by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa b/Nlrp3 pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 7:54-63. [PMID: 28097088 PMCID: PMC5221456 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent form of glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by glomerular proliferation and renal inflammation. Icariin is a flavonoid from the Chinese herb Epimedium, and its anti‐inflammatory effect has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of icariin on the renal damage in IgAN rats and the mechanisms behind these effects. IgAN model was established in Sprague–Dawley rats by oral and intravenous immunization with bovine gamma‐globulin for 12 weeks, and rats were treated with icariin from 12 to 18 weeks. At the end of experimental period, kidneys, urine, and blood samples were collected for further analysis. Our results showed that icariin ameliorated the increase in the levels of proteinuria, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen without severe side effects. IgAN rats exhibited significantly increased IgA deposition, mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerular fibrosis, while icariin treatment markedly attenuated these alterations. Moreover, treatment with icariin also dramatically blocked nuclear factor kappa b (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in IgAN rats, leading to reduced downstream proinflammatory cytokines production. Mechanistically, we found that icariin treatment inhibited IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in IgAN rats. Our data demonstrate that icariin ameliorates renal damage in IgAN rats via inhibition of NF‐κB‐mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. These findings provide insight into an application of icariin for the treatment of IgAN disease, and represent a novel mechanism behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- 2nd Department of Nephrology The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xing-Zhi Wang
- 2nd Department of Nephrology The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yu-Shu Li
- 2nd Department of Nephrology The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 2nd Department of Nephrology The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Li-Rong Hao
- 2nd Department of Nephrology The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang Province China
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Xian YF, Fan D, Ip SP, Mao QQ, Lin ZX. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Isorhynchophylline in Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:678-685. [PMID: 27900600 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an oxindole alkaloid, has been identified as the main active ingredient responsible for the biological activities of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq) Miq ex Havil. (Rubiaceae). Previous studies in our laboratory have revealed that IRN possesses potent neuroprotective effects in different models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the antidepressant-like effects of IRN are remained unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of IRN. The antidepressant-like effects of IRN was determined by using animal models of depression including forced swimming and tail suspension tests. The acting mechanism was explored by determining the effect of IRN on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and the activities of monoamine oxidases. Intragastric administration of IRN at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 7 days caused a significant reduction of immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, while IRN did not stimulate locomotor activity in the open-field test. In addition, IRN treatment antagonized reserpine-induced ptosis and significantly enhanced the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of IRN are mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of monoamine oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Fan
- Shenzhen Wellsoon Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qiu Mao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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The neuroprotection of Sinomenine against ischemic stroke in mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome via AMPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:492-500. [PMID: 27769021 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in stroke-induced secondary brain injury. The NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in diverse inflammatory diseases, including cerebral ischemia, and is thus considered an effective therapeutic target. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotection of Sinomenine (SINO), a potent natural anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory molecule, against cerebral ischemia in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo and in an oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated astrocytes/microglia model in vitro. SINO administration intraperitoneally alleviated the cerebral infarction, brain edema, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficiency after MCAO induction. SINO also attenuated astrocytic and microglial activation in the ischemic hemisphere. NLRP3 inflammasome activation after MCAO and OGD induction, with the up-regulation of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cleaved caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, was significantly inhibited by SINO treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, SINO reversed the OGD-induced inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation in vitro. Further, the suppressive effect of SINO on NLRP3 inflammasomes was blocked by an AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. Our findings demonstrate that SINO exerts a neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes via the AMPK pathway, which also provides evidence of a novel treatment for clinical stroke therapy.
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127
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N, Magdy Y. Targeting Oxidative Stress, Cytokines and Serotonin Interactions Via Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase by Coenzyme Q10: Role in Suppressing Depressive Like Behavior in Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:277-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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128
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Metabolism profiles of icariin in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and in vitro enzymatic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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129
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Antidepressant-like effects and mechanisms of flavonoids and related analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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130
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Chen M, Wu J, Luo Q, Mo S, Lyu Y, Wei Y, Dong J. The Anticancer Properties of Herba Epimedii and Its Main Bioactive Componentsicariin and Icariside II. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090563. [PMID: 27649234 PMCID: PMC5037548 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines have been an important source of anticancer drugs and adjuvant agents to potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and improve the side effects of chemotherapy. HerbaEpimedii is one of most popular herbs used in China traditionally for the treatment of multiple diseases, including osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, hypertension and common inflammatory diseases. Studies show HerbaEpimedii also possesses anticancer activity. Flavonol glycosides icariin and icariside II are the main bioactive components of HerbaEpimedii. They have been found to possess anticancer activities against various human cancer cell lines in vitro and mouse tumor models in vivo via their effects on multiple biological pathways, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and a variety of signaling pathways including JAK2-STAT3, MAPK-ERK, and PI3k-Akt-mTOR. The review is aimed to provide an overview of the current research results supporting their therapeutic effects and to highlight the molecular targets and action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Shuming Mo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yubao Lyu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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131
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Du RH, Tan J, Sun XY, Lu M, Ding JH, Hu G. Fluoxetine Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Implication in Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw037. [PMID: 27207922 PMCID: PMC5043644 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may offer a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of depression. Fluoxetine, a widely used antidepressant, has been shown to have potential antiinflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. METHODS We used a chronic mild stress model and cultured primary macrophage/microglia to investigate the effects of fluoxetine on NLRP3 inflammasome and its underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We demonstrated that fluoxetine significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, subsequent caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1β secretion in both peripheral macrophages and central microglia. We further found that fluoxetine reduced reactive oxygen species production, attenuated the phosphorylation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, and inhibited the association of protein kinase with NLRP3. These data indicate that fluoxetine inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via downregulating reactive oxygen species-protein kinase-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Correspondingly, in vivo data showed that fluoxetine also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus and macrophages of chronic mild stress mice and alleviated chronic mild stress-induced depression-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that fluoxetine confers an antidepressant effect partly through inhibition of peripheral and central NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggest the potential clinical use of fluoxetine in NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory diseases such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu)
| | - Jun Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu)
| | - Xi-Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu)
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu)
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu)
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurogeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Drs Du, Tan, Sun, Lu, Ding, and Hu); Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China (Dr Hu).
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Antidepressant-Like and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of ZBD-2, a Novel Ligand for the Translocator Protein (18 kDa). Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:57-68. [PMID: 27544207 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role to mediate rapid anxiolytic efficacy in stress response and stress-related disorders by the production of neurosteroids. However, little is known about the ligand of TSPO on the anxiety-like and depressive behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in chronic unpredictable mild stress (UCMS) mice. In the present study, a novel ligand of TSPO, ZBD-2 [N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-benzyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl) acetamide] synthesized by our laboratory, was used to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ZBD-2 (3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated anxiety-like and depressive behaviors in the UCMS mice, which was blocked by TSPO antagonist PK11195 (3 mg/kg). Treatment of ZBD-2 reversed the decrease in biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) in the brain region of hippocampus in the UCMS mice. The decreases in TSPO, GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, GluA1, p-GluA1-Ser831, p-GluA1-Ser845, PSD-95, and GABAA-a2 were integrated with the increases of CaMKII and iNOS levels in the hippocampus of the UCMS mice. ZBD-2 significantly reversed the changes of above proteins. However, ZBD-2 or PK11195 treatment did not affect the levels of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors and the total levels of GAD67. Our study provides strong evidences that ZBD-2 has a therapeutic effect on chronic stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety through regulating the biogenic amine levels and the synaptic proteins in the hippocampus.
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133
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Icariin Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Autophagy via Bcl-2-Dependent Cross Talk between Apoptosis and Autophagy in PC12 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4343084. [PMID: 27610184 PMCID: PMC5004044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4343084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), an active component of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, exerts a variety of neuroprotective effects such as antiapoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying antiapoptosis of ICA in neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) are unclear. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein family plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy through Bcl-2-dependent cross talk. Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis by binding to Bax and inhibits autophagy by binding to Beclin-1 which is an autophagy related protein. In the present study, MTT result showed that ICA increased cell viability significantly in OGD/R treated PC12 cells (P < 0.01). Results of western blotting analysis showed that ICA increased Bcl-2 expression significantly and decreased expressions of Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3-II significantly in OGD/R treated PC12 cells (P < 0.01). These results suggest that ICA protects PC12 cells from OGD/R induced autophagy via Bcl-2-dependent cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy.
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Salehpour F, Rasta SH, Mohaddes G, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salarirad S. Therapeutic effects of 10-HzPulsed wave lasers in rat depression model: A comparison between near-infrared and red wavelengths. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:695-705. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Sima Salarirad
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
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135
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Wei K, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Wu X, Du Y, Sun J, Yi T, Dong J, Liu B. Icariin alters the expression of glucocorticoid receptor, FKBP5 and SGK1 in rat brains following exposure to chronic mild stress. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:337-44. [PMID: 27221032 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a flavonoid and a major constituent of Herba Epimedii, has been previously demonstrated to possess potential antidepressant-like effects. In the present study, we established a rat model of depression induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) in order to examine the effects of icariin treatment. The rats were allocated into the control group or one of the treatment groups [exposure to CMS plus oral administration of saline, icariin (20 or 40 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10mg/kg)]. We examined the therapeutic effects of icariin administration on depression‑like behaviors (with a sucrose preference test), on the mRNA and protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), as well as on the distribution of GR (in the cytoplasm and nucleus) in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex following exposure to CMS. Our results revealed that the oral administration of icariin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 35 consecutive days attenuated the development of depression-like behaviors induced by exposure to CMS. The increased mRNA expression of GR and SGK1 in the prefrontal cortex was reversed by icariin treatment. Moreover, the CMS-induced increases in the levels of cytosolic GR and SGK1 were partially restored by icariin administration in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, particularly in the hippocampus. Icariin also partially reversed the upregulated epxression of nuclear GR in the prefrontal cortex and that of FKBP5 in the hippocampus. On the whole, our findings indicate that icariin may have therapeutic applications as a potential antidepressant with multiple targets in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It exerts antidepressant-like effects by restoring the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is at least partially attributed to normalization of the distribution of GR, and decreases in the expression levels of FKBP5 and SGK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yizhe Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Sahin C, Albayrak O, Akdeniz TF, Akbulut Z, Yanikkaya Demirel G, Aricioglu F. Agmatine Reverses Sub-chronic Stress induced Nod-like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) Activation and Cytokine Response in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:367-75. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit; Faculty of Pharmacy; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozgur Albayrak
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tuğba F. Akdeniz
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Zeynep Akbulut
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit; Faculty of Pharmacy; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
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137
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Gong MJ, Han B, Wang SM, Liang SW, Zou ZJ. Icariin reverses corticosterone-induced depression-like behavior, decrease in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and metabolic network disturbances revealed by NMR-based metabonomics in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 123:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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138
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Yu XB, Dong RR, Wang H, Lin JR, An YQ, Du Y, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. Knockdown of hippocampal cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 prevents depressive behavior and neuroinflammation induced by chronic mild stress in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1739-49. [PMID: 26546369 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with depression-like symptoms and neuropsychological disturbances, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) was reported to be involved in neuroinflammation. The pathophysiological role of CysLT1R has been reported in several types of brain damage. However, the role of CysLT1R in depression remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of hippocampal CysLT1R downregulation on depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). RESULTS We firstly found that expression of hippocampal CysLT1R was gradually increased over CMS exposure, while 3 weeks treatment with fluoxetine reversed the increment of hippocampal CysLT1R expression. Hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown suppressed CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors as evidenced by decreases in immobility time in tail suspension test (TST), decreased latency to feed in novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, and by increase in the number of entries and decrease in time spent in the open arm in elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Increments of hippocampal NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by CMS were also prevented by hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown beforehand. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal CysLT1R participates in depression, and knockdown of hippocampal CysLT1R prevents CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation, suggesting that suppression of CysLT1R could prevent the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ben Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong-Rong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jing-Ran Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yun-Qi An
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Optimized Biotransformation of Icariin into Icariside II by β-Glucosidase from Trichoderma viride Using Central Composite Design Method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5936947. [PMID: 26981534 PMCID: PMC4769847 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5936947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A crude β-glucosidase has been produced from Trichoderma viride and used to explore a simple method to prepare icariside II from icariin. The crude enzyme has been studied by zymography method and used for hydrolysis of ICA. To achieve a high conversion rate of ICA, various factors have been studied including pH, reaction time, temperature, initial concentration of enzyme, and initial concentration of ICA through central composite design experiments. In the condition of the optimum hydrolysis parameters with pH 4.0, 41°C, 1.0 mg/mL ICA, and 9.8 U/mL crude β-glucosidase, the conversion rate of ICA reached 95.03% at 1 h. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test showed that ICA II performed inhibition effects on proliferation of A549 cell, while ICA has no cytotoxicity. It indicated that the hydrolysis transformation study of ICA is valuable for exploration of active new drugs.
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Xiao H, Wignall N, Brown ES. An open-label pilot study of icariin for co-morbid bipolar and alcohol use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 42:162-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hao X, Zhu X, Li P, Lv F, Min S. NMDA receptor antagonist enhances antidepressant efficacy and alleviates learning-memory function impairment induced by electroconvulsive shock with regulating glutamate receptors expression in hippocampus. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:819-827. [PMID: 26625094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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142
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Wei Z, Wang M, Hong M, Diao S, Liu A, Huang Y, Yu Q, Peng Z. Icariin exerts estrogen-like activity in ameliorating EAE via mediating estrogen receptor β, modulating HPA function and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1910-8. [PMID: 27186315 PMCID: PMC4859920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in EAE and multiple sclerosis (MS), but its clinical application is hindered due to side effects and risk of tumor. Phytoestrogen structurally or functionally mimics estrogen with fewer side effects than endogenous estrogen. Icariin (ICA), an active component of Epimedium extracts, demonstrates estrogen-like neuroprotective effects. However, it is unclear whether ICA is effective in EAE and what are the underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To determine the therapeutic effects of ICA in EAE and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 EAE mice were treated with Diethylstilbestrol, different dose of ICA and mid-dose ICA combined with ICI 182780. The clinical scores and serum Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were then analyzed. Western blot were performed to investigate the expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ in the cerebral white matter of EAE mice. RESULTS High dose ICA is equally effective in ameliorating neurological signs of EAE as estrogen. Estrogen and ICA has no effects on serum concentrations of IL-17 in EAE. While the CORT levels were decreased by ICA at mid or high doses, the expressions of GR, ERα and ERβ were up-regulated by estrogen or different doses of ICA in a dosedependent manner. Estrogen induced the elevation of ERα more markedly than ICA. In contrast, ICA at mid and high doses promoted ERβ more significantly than estrogen. CONCLUSION ICA exerts estrogen-like activity in ameliorating EAE via mediating ERβ, modulating HPA function and up-regulating the expression of GR in cerebral white matter. ICA may be a promising therapeutic option for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalGuangzhou 510317, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfan Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengpeng Diao
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Huang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Peng
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
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143
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Frank MG, Weber MD, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming: A liability factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 4:62-70. [PMID: 27981190 PMCID: PMC5146200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) have universally been considered to be anti-inflammatory, however in recent years, stress and GCs have been found to exert permissive effects (immunological priming) on neuroinflammatory processes. This phenomenon of priming is characterized by prior stress or GC exposure potentiating the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge. A considerable body of evidence is discussed here that supports this permissive effect of stress and GCs. In light of this evidence, a mechanism of neuroinflammatory priming is proposed involving a signal cascade in the brain involving danger-associated molecular patterns (HMGB-1) and inflammasomes (NLRP3), which results in an exaggerated or amplified neuroinflammatory response and subsequently, the amplification of the physiological and behavioral sequelae of this response (i.e. sickness). Finally, we explore the notion that stressor-induced sensitization of the neuroimmune microenvironment may predispose individuals to psychiatric disorders, in which exaggerated innate immune/inflammatory responses in the brain are now thought to play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael D Weber
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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144
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Cheng T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lu L, Ding Y, Zhao Y. Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of Icariin and Icariside II in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:21274-86. [PMID: 26633326 PMCID: PMC6332156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the pharmacokinetic properties of icariin (ICA) and icariside II (ICA II) following intragastric and intravenous administration in rats, a rapid and sensitive method by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ICA and ICA II in rat plasma. The quantification was performed by using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/z 677.1/531.1 for ICA, 515.1/369.1 for ICA II and 463.1/301.1 for diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IS). The assay showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.03–1032 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9983 and 0.9977. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 15%. The lower limit of quantification for both ICA and ICA II was 1.03 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery of ICA and ICA II was more than 86.2%. The LC-MS/MS method has been successfully used in the pharmacokinetic studies of ICA and ICA II in rats. The results indicated that 91.2% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after oral administration by rats, whereas only 0.4% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after intravenous administration. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ICA and ICA II after oral administration revealed that the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were 3.8 and 13.0 times higher, respectively, than those of ICA. However, after intravenous administration, the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were about only 12.1% and 4.2% of those of ICA. These results suggest that ICA and ICA II have distinct pharmacokinetic properties, and the insights obtained facilitate future pharmacological action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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145
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Kong L, Liu J, Wang J, Luo Q, Zhang H, Liu B, Xu F, Pang Q, Liu Y, Dong J. Icariin inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ induced inflammatory response via inhibition of the substance P and p38-MAPK signaling pathway in human keratinocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:401-407. [PMID: 26507164 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the etiology of atopic dermatitis. We demonstrated that Herba Epimedii has anti-inflammatory potential in an atopic dermatitis mouse model; however, limited research has been conducted on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of icariin, the major active ingredient in Herba Epimedii, in human keratinocytes. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential and mechanisms of icariin in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced inflammatory response in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by observing these cells in the presence or absence of icariin. We measured IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MCP-1 and GRO-α production by ELISA; IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) mRNA expression by real-time PCR; and P38-MAPK, P-ERK and P-JNK signaling expression by western blot in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells before and after icariin treatment. The expression of TNF-α-R1 and IFN-γ-R1 during the stimulation of the cell models was also evaluated before and after icariin treatment. We investigated the effect of icariin on these pro-inflammatory cytokines and detected whether this effect occurred via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways. We further specifically inhibited the activity of two kinases with 20μM SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor) and 50μM PD98059 (an ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor) to determine the roles of the two signal pathways involved in the inflammatory response. We found that icariin inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and MCP-1 production in a dose-dependent manner; meanwhile, the icariin treatment inhibited the gene expression of IL-8, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and TACR1 in HaCaT cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Icariin treatment resulted in a reduced expression of p-P38 and p-ERK signal activation induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ; however, only SB203580, the p38 alpha/beta inhibitor, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ in cultured HaCaT cells. The differential expression of TNF-α-R1 and IFN-γ-R1 was also observed after the stimulation of TNF-α/IFN-γ, which was significantly normalized after the icariin treatment. Collectively, we illustrated the anti-inflammatory property of icariin in human keratinocytes. These effects were mediated, at least partially, via the inhibition of substance P and the p38-MAPK signaling pathway, as well as by the regulation of the TNF-α-R1 and IFN-γ-R1 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Kong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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146
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Li B, Wang B, Chen M, Li G, Fang M, Zhai J. Expression and interaction of TNF-α and VEGF in chronic stress-induced depressive rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:863-868. [PMID: 26622406 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of depression increases annually but the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression and interaction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in chronic stress-induced depressive rats. A total of 20 adult healthy Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g) were randomly divided into the control and experimental depression groups. The depression model was established with a chronic stress method, and the success of model construction was assessed through weigh measurements and the sugar consumption and open-field tests. The expression of TNF-α and VEGF was detected using the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, the weight of the rats in the experimental group was found to be reduced (P<0.05). The open-field test showed significant differences in the horizontal and vertical motion of the rats between the two groups, and the rats in the experimental group exhibited a significantly reduced ability to adapt to a new environment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the rats in the experimental group to reward stimulation was decreased. The relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and VEGF in the hippocampus of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of VEGF and TNF-α was reduced in the experimental group. Neurons of the experimental group exhibited reduced immunohistochemical staining compared with neurons from the normal hippocampus in the control group. In conclusion, the present study investigated the association between the occurrence of depression and TNF-α and VEGF at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and animal behavior experiments. The results provide a fundamental basis for follow-up clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Fang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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147
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Wei Z, Deng X, Hong M, Su Q, Liu A, Huang Y, Yu Q, Peng Z. Icariin has synergistic effects with methylprednisolone to ameliorate EAE via modulating HPA function, promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20188-97. [PMID: 26884931 PMCID: PMC4723776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose methylprednisolone (MP) is a clinically recommended therapeutic regimen for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), whereas some dreadful complications induced by it remain inevitable. Studies implied that estrogens might play neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory roles in EAE and MS and promote glucocorticoid efficacy. Icariin (ICA), a primary active component of Epimedium extracts, also possesses neuroprotective and estrogen-like effects with less adverse complication than estrogen. However, rare study focuses ICA's effects on MS or EAE. OBJECTIVE Our purpose is to determine whether ICA has synergistic effects with MP in treating EAE and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 EAE mice were received different dose of ICA combined with MP and single MP treatment. Then, the clinical scores and serum Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Corticosterone (CORT), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) concentrations were analyzed. Western blot and Flow Cytometry were used to investigate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cell apoptosis. RESULTS ICA has cooperative effects with MP in decreasing serum IL-17 and CORT concentrations, up-regulating the expression of GR in cerebral white matter and attenuating the cell apoptosis in spinal cord, especially high-dose ICA combined with MP. CONCLUSION ICA has synergistic effects with MP to ameliorate EAE via modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function, promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. ICA could be considered as a promising therapeutic option for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of WuhanNo. 241 Peng Liuyang Road, Wuhan 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfan Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanxi Su
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Huang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Peng
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityNo. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
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