101
|
Goulin EH, Galdeano DM, Granato LM, Matsumura EE, Dalio RJD, Machado MA. RNA interference and CRISPR: Promising approaches to better understand and control citrus pathogens. Microbiol Res 2019; 226:1-9. [PMID: 31284938 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Citrus crops have great economic importance worldwide. However, citrus production faces many diseases caused by different pathogens, such as bacteria, oomycetes, fungi and viruses. To overcome important plant diseases in general, new technologies have been developed and applied to crop protection, including RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. RNAi has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for application in plant defence mechanisms against different pathogens as well as their respective vectors, and CRISPR/Cas system has become widely used in gene editing or reprogramming or knocking out any chosen DNA/RNA sequence. In this article, we provide an overview of the use of RNAi and CRISPR/Cas technologies in management strategies to control several plants diseases, and we discuss how these strategies can be potentially used against citrus pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Goulin
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 158, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Manzano Galdeano
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 158, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Moreira Granato
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 158, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 158, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Reference genes for gene expression studies by RT-qPCR in Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), the mite vector of citrus leprosis virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6536. [PMID: 31024022 PMCID: PMC6484001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a high-throughput method to analyze the transcriptional expression of genes. Currently, no reference genes have been described for evaluating gene expression in Brevipalpus yothersi, the false spider mite, a polyphagous that act as vector of the citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), an important citrus disease. This study aimed to identify the most stable reference genes in B. yothersi. The RT-qPCR expression data for selected genes were evaluated from three conditions: different developmental stages, plant hosts and acquisition of CiLV-C. To analyze the stability of the candidate reference genes we used ΔCq method, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Ubiq and GAPDH are best suited for normalizing gene expression data in viruliferous and non-viruliferous mites. Ubiq, EF1α and GAPDH are the most stable for different developmental stages. RPL13 and RPL32 are the best reference genes for approaches to B. yothersi in different host plants. Considering all the experimental conditions, Ubiq, EF1α, and GAPDH were the most stable genes. Here we developed an accurate and comprehensive RT-qPCR strategy for use in B. yothersi gene expression analysis. These results will improve the understanding of the biology of the false spider mites and their role as virus vectors.
Collapse
|
103
|
Chen JC, Gong YJ, Shi P, Wang ZH, Cao LJ, Wang P, Wei SJ. Field-evolved resistance and cross-resistance of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, to bifenazate, cyenopyrafen and SYP-9625. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 77:545-554. [PMID: 30997606 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The acaricide bifenazate acts as complex III inhibitor whereas cyenopyrafen and SYP-9625 act as complex II inhibitors. All these acaricides are commonly used to control two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. We examined field-evolved and laboratory-selected resistance of TSSM to these three acaricides and determined cross-resistance among them. Six field populations of TSSM showed low levels of resistance to bifenazate with resistance ratios ranging from 2.20 to 10.65 compared to a susceptible strain. SYP-9625, structurally similar to cyenopyrafen, showed slightly higher activity to TSSMs but significant cross-resistance in both field populations and a laboratory-selected strain by SYP-9625. However, low levels of resistance to these two chemicals were found in field populations even when used for short time periods. Cross-resistance was not found between bifenazate and Complex II inhibitors, cyenopyrafen and SYP-9625, in both field populations and the laboratory-selected strain. Field-evolved resistance of TSSM to the tested acaricides is still low and should be delayed by the implementation of resistance management practices. Cross-resistance between cyenopyrafen and SYP-9625 is obvious, so they should not be used together in resistance management strategies based on mode of action rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Pan Shi
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Dow AgroSciences (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Branch, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Schlachter CR, Daneshian L, Amaya J, Klapper V, Wybouw N, Borowski T, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic V, Grbic M, Makris TM, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional characterization of an intradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase from the polyphagous spider mite herbivore Tetranychus urticae Koch. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 107:19-30. [PMID: 30529144 PMCID: PMC6768081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome analyses of the polyphagous spider mite herbivore Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) revealed the presence of a set of 17 genes that code for secreted proteins belonging to the "intradiol dioxygenase-like" subgroup. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this novel enzyme family has been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In order to better understand the role of these proteins in T. urticae, we have structurally and functionally characterized one paralog (tetur07g02040). It was demonstrated that this protein is indeed an intradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase, as the enzyme is able to cleave catechol between two hydroxyl-groups using atmospheric dioxygen. The enzyme was characterized functionally and structurally. The active site of the T. urticae enzyme contains an Fe3+ cofactor that is coordinated by two histidine and two tyrosine residues, an arrangement that is similar to those observed in bacterial homologs. However, the active site is significantly more solvent exposed than in bacterial proteins. Moreover, the mite enzyme is monomeric, while almost all structurally characterized bacterial homologs form oligomeric assemblies. Tetur07g02040 is not only the first spider mite dioxygenase that has been characterized at the molecular level, but is also the first structurally characterized intradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase originating from a eukaryote.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Schlachter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jose Amaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vincent Klapper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Thomas M Makris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Zhu L, Zhang W, Li G, Sun QZ, Wang JJ, Smagghe G, Jiang HB. Molecular characterization of ecdysis triggering hormone and its receptor in citrus red mite (Panonychus citri). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
106
|
Li J, Liu S, Guo K, Qiao H, Xu R, Xu C, Chen J. A new method of gall mite management: application of artificial defoliation to control Aceria pallida. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6503. [PMID: 30863674 PMCID: PMC6404653 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial defoliant is widely applied to cotton to facilitate mechanical harvesting and successfully controls leaf diseases by blocking pathogen epidemical cycles; however, this technique is rarely used to control herbivores. Because many eriophyoid mites live and reproduce in galls, the control of these mites by pesticides is usually limited. However, the abscission of galled foliage is lethal to tiny mites with low mobility. Therefore, artificial defoliation should be effective in controlling gall mites. Here, the effects of defoliant on the control of the goji berry Lycium barbarum L. gall mite Aceria pallida Keifer were compared with those of pesticides under field conditions over 3 years. Our results showed that artificial defoliation enabled almost complete defoliation and timely refoliation. A. pallida galls fell off with the defoliation, and then regenerated foliage escaped from mite attack. After defoliant application, the densities of mite galls decreased by 84.1%, 80.3% and 80.3% compared with those found in the pesticide (undefoliated) treatment in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Artificial defoliation achieved much better control of gall mites than pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Lin T, You Y, Zeng ZH, Chen YX, Chi H, Xia JM, Zhao JW, Chen Y, Tian HJ, Wei H. Effects of spirodiclofen on life history traits and population growth of a spider mite predator Oligota flavicornis (Coleoptera: Staphyllinidae) based on the age-stage two-sex life table theory. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:639-647. [PMID: 30066468 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the compatibility between spirodiclofen and the predator Oligota flavicornis is an important aspect for the management of spider mites. RESULTS We used the age-stage, two-sex life table to assess the effects of spirodiclofen on the life history traits and population growth of O. flavicornis. At the maximum recommended concentration (60 mg a.i. L-1 ) and also at twice the maximum recommended dosage (120 mg a.i. L-1 ), the preadult stages of O. flavicornis were significantly lengthened, while the adult longevity and fecundity decreased significantly. The finite rate (λ), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and net reproduction rate (R0 ) decreased, while the mean generation time (T) was longer after both the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L-1 treatments than it was in the control and 30 mg a.i. L-1 treatments. Life expectancy and reproductive value were higher in the control and 30 mg a.i. L-1 treatment than in the 60 and 120 mg a.i. L-1 treatments; the two higher concentrations were detrimental to the development of O. flavicornis. CONCLUSION A proper combination of the O. flavicornis and spirodiclofen to control the spider mite, while avoiding the side effect of spirodiclofen, could be achieved based on the knowledge of life tables. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zeng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Jin-Mei Xia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hou-Jun Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Shi P, Cao L, Gong Y, Ma L, Song W, Chen J, Hoffmann AA, Wei S. Independently evolved and gene flow-accelerated pesticide resistance in two-spotted spider mites. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2206-2219. [PMID: 30847105 PMCID: PMC6392376 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pest species are often able to develop resistance to pesticides used to control them, depending on how rapidly resistance can emerge within a population or spread from another resistant population. We examined the evolution of bifenazate resistance in China in the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), one of the most resistant arthropods, by using bioassays, detection of mutations in the target cytb gene, and population genetic structure analysis using microsatellite markers. Bioassays showed variable levels of resistance to bifenazate. The cytb mutation G126S, which confers medium resistance in TSSM to bifenazate, had previously been detected prior to the application of bifenazate and was now widespread, suggesting likely resistance evolution from standing genetic variation. G126S was detected in geographically distant populations across different genetic clusters, pointing to the independent origin of this mutation in different TSSM populations. A novel A269V mutation linked to a low-level resistance was detected in two southern populations. Widespread resistance associated with a high frequency of the G126S allele was found in four populations from the Beijing area which were not genetically differentiated. In this case, a high level of gene flows likely accelerated the development of resistance within this local region, as well as into an outlying region distant from Beijing. These findings, therefore, suggest patterns consistent with both local evolution of pesticide resistance as well as an impact of migration, helping to inform resistance management strategies in TSSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shi
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ya‐Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shu‐Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Navia D, Novelli VM, Rombauts S, Freitas-Astúa J, Santos de Mendonça R, Nunes MA, Machado MA, Lin YC, Le P, Zhang Z, Grbić M, Wybouw N, Breeuwer JAJ, Van Leeuwen T, Van de Peer Y. Draft Genome Assembly of the False Spider Mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e01563-18. [PMID: 30746524 PMCID: PMC6368659 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01563-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The false spider mite Brevipalpus yothersi infests a broad host plant range and has become one of the most economically important species within the genus Brevipalpus. This phytophagous mite inflicts damage by both feeding on plants and transmitting plant viruses. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of the false spider mite, which is also the first plant virus mite vector to be sequenced. The ∼72 Mb genome (sequenced at 42× coverage) encodes ∼16,000 predicted protein-coding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Navia
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Valdenice M. Novelli
- Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC) Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil and Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Andreia Nunes
- Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC) Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC) Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes A. J. Breeuwer
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wei P, Li J, Liu X, Nan C, Shi L, Zhang Y, Li C, He L. Functional analysis of four upregulated carboxylesterase genes associated with fenpropathrin resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:252-261. [PMID: 29877064 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important in pesticide resistance. Four overexpressed CarE genes with inducible character were screened out in fenpropathrin-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus, but their functional roles remained to be further analyzed by RNAi and protein expression. RESULTS Feeding a single double-stranded (ds)RNA of each of four genes led to gene-specific downregulation of mRNA, decreased esterase activity and diminished resistance in T. cinnabarinus. More interestingly, feeding four dsRNAs simultaneously led to a more significant decrease in enzymatic activity and fold resistance than feeding a single dsRNA individually, suggesting that these CarE genes were involved in fenpropathrin-resistance and had cooperative roles. The gene CarE6 was regarded as the primary and representative candidate to be functionally expressed, because silencing of CarE6 led to the most significant decrease in resistance level. The activity of CarE6 protein was competitively inhibited by fenpropathrin. It could effectively decompose 41.7 ± 0.09% of fenpropathrin within 3 h, proving that CarE6 protein was capable of metabolizing fenpropathrin effectively in T. cinnabarinus. CONCLUSION The results confirm that four CarE genes are cooperatively involved in fenpropathrin resistance and the metabolic enzymes encoded by these overexpressed genes do indeed metabolize acaricide in resistant T. cinnabarinus in the evolution of acaricide resistance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Nan
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Shi
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanzhen Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Snoeck S, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T, Dermauw W. Transcriptomic Plasticity in the Arthropod Generalist Tetranychus urticae Upon Long-Term Acclimation to Different Host Plants. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:3865-3879. [PMID: 30333191 PMCID: PMC6288829 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is an important pest with an exceptionally broad host plant range. This generalist rapidly acclimatizes and adapts to a new host, hereby overcoming nutritional challenges and a novel pallet of constitutive and induced plant defenses. Although recent studies reveal that a broad transcriptomic response upon host plant transfer is associated with a generalist life style in arthropod herbivores, it remains uncertain to what extent these transcriptional changes are general stress responses or host-specific. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the transcriptomic changes that occur in a single T. urticae population upon long-term transfer from Phaseolus vulgaris to a similar, but chemically defended, host (cyanogenic Phaseolus lunatus) and to multiple economically important crops (Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, Solanum lycopersicum and Zea mays). These long-term host plant transfers were associated with distinct transcriptomic responses with only a limited overlap in both specificity and directionality, suggestive of a fine-tuned transcriptional plasticity. Nonetheless, analysis at the gene family level uncovered overlapping functional processes, recruiting genes from both well-known and newly discovered detoxification families. Of note, our analyses highlighted a possible detoxification role for Tetranychus-specific short-chain dehydrogenases and single PLAT domain proteins, and manual genome annotation showed that both families are expanded in T. urticae Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable adaptive potential for host plant use of generalist arthropods and set the stage for functional validation of important players in T. urticae detoxification of plant secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Snoeck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1012 Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Della Vechia JF, Ferreira MC, Andrade DJ. Interaction of spirodiclofen with insecticides for the control of Brevipalpus yothersi in citrus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2438-2443. [PMID: 29573135 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is of great importance in citriculture because it is a vector of the disease citrus leprosis. The frequency of application of a combination of pesticides has increased because of an increase in the occurrence of economically important pests of citrus. However, the combined effect of acaricide and other insecticides targeting B. yothersi is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of spirodiclofen and other insecticides on the control of B. yothersi. RESULTS Analysis using spirodiclofen alone resulted in 97.22% efficiency in the control of B. yothersi on day 7 after application. A combination of spirodiclofen with either phosmet or imidacloprid resulted in 55% and 59% efficiency, respectively. A reduction in the efficiency of mite control by up to 42% was observed when the mites were exposed to a combination of acaricide with other insecticides. CONCLUSIONS Application of a combination of spirodiclofen with phosmet or imidacloprid compromises the efficiency of acaricide in the control of B. yothersi. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo C Ferreira
- Department of Crop Protection, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Andrade
- Department of Crop Protection, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhu YX, Song YL, Hoffmann AA, Jin PY, Huo SM, Hong XY. A change in the bacterial community of spider mites decreases fecundity on multiple host plants. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00743. [PMID: 30311439 PMCID: PMC6562136 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts may influence the fitness of their herbivore hosts, but such effects have been poorly studied across most invertebrate groups. The spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, is a polyphagous agricultural pest harboring various bacterial symbionts whose function is largely unknown. Here, by using a high‐throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach, we characterized the bacterial diversity and community composition of spider mites fed on five host plants after communities were modified following tetracycline exposure. We demonstrated that spider mite bacterial diversity and community composition were significantly affected by host plants and antibiotics. In particular, the abundance of the maternally inherited endosymbionts Wolbachia and Spiroplasma significantly differed among spider mites that were reared on different plant species and were completely removed by antibiotics. There was an overall tendency for daily fecundity to be lower in the mites with reduced bacterial diversity following the antibiotic treatment. Our data suggest that host plants and antibiotics can shape spider mite bacterial communities and that bacterial symbionts improve mite performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Ling Song
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng-Yu Jin
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Mei Huo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Li XY, Wang YH, Yang J, Cui WY, He PJ, Munir S, He PF, Wu YX, He YQ. Acaricidal Activity of Cyclodipeptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 against Tetranychus urticae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10163-10168. [PMID: 30200767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the supernatant of the biocontrol strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 led to the isolation of eight acaricidal cyclodipeptides from the active fractions by column chromatography separation and HPLC purification. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified as cyclo-(Gly-l-Phe), 2, cyclo-(l-Phe- trans-4-OH-l-Pro), 3, cyclo-(Gly-l-Tyr), 4, cyclo-(l-Ala-l-Pro), 5, cyclo-(l-Pro- trans-4-OH-l-Pro), 6, cyclo-(Gly-l-Pro), 7, cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Pro), 8, and cyclo-(l-Tyr- trans-4-OH-l-Pro), 9. Those cyclodipeptides displayed significant acaricidal activities with LC50 values of 13.85-98.24 μM. Cyclo-(l-Tyr- trans-4-OH-l-Pro) (LC50 13.85 μM) was five times more effective than the positive control abamectin (LC50 72.06 μM). The results indicated that the hydroxyl group is an important component. This is the first report on the acaricidal capabilities of cyclodipeptides against Tetranychus urticae. The results revealed that the acaricidal activity of the biocontrol strain B. amyloliquefaciens W1 was dependent on its constituent cyclodipeptides, which have the potential to be safe and environmentally friendly acaricides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Li
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineer Research Center of Yunnan , Kunming 650217 , China
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Wen-Yan Cui
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Peng-Jie He
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Peng-Fei He
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineer Research Center of Yunnan , Kunming 650217 , China
| | - Yi-Xin Wu
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineer Research Center of Yunnan , Kunming 650217 , China
| | - Yue-Qiu He
- Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineer Research Center of Yunnan , Kunming 650217 , China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Buffon G, Blasi ÉADR, Rativa AGS, Lamb TI, Gastmann R, Adamski JM, Schwambach J, Ricachenevsky FK, Heringer AS, Silveira V, Lopes MCB, Sperotto RA. Unraveling Rice Tolerance Mechanisms Against Schizotetranychus oryzae Mite Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1341. [PMID: 30279693 PMCID: PMC6153315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the staple food for over half of the world's population. Infestation of Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes great losses in rice productivity. To search for rice genotypes that could better tolerate S. oryzae infestation, we evaluated morphological and production parameters in Brazilian cultivars, and identified two cultivars with contrasting responses. Leaf damage during infestation was similar for all cultivars. However, infestation in Puitá INTA-CL resulted in reduction in the number of seeds per plant, percentage of full seeds, weight of 1,000 seeds, and seed length, whereas infestation in IRGA 423 increased weight of 1,000 seeds and seed length. Reduction in seed weight per plant caused by infestation was clearly higher in Puitá INTA-CL (62%) compared to IRGA 423 (no reduction detected), thus Puitá INTA-CL was established as susceptible, and IRGA 423 as tolerant to S. oryzae infestation. Photosynthetic parameters were less affected by infestation in IRGA 423 than in Puitá INTA-CL, evidencing higher efficiency of energy absorption and use. S. oryzae infestation also caused accumulation of H2O2, decreased cell membrane integrity (indicative of cell death), and accelerated senescence in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL, while leaves of IRGA 423 presented higher levels of total phenolics compounds. We performed proteomics analysis of Puitá INTA-CL and IRGA 423 leaves after 7 days of infestation, and identified 60 differentially abundant proteins (28 more abundant in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL and 32 in IRGA 423). Proteins related to plant defense, such as jasmonate synthesis, and related to other mechanisms of tolerance such as oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and DNA structure maintenance, together with energy production and general metabolic processes, were more abundant in IRGA 423. We also detected higher levels of silicon (as amorphous silica cells) in leaves of infested IRGA 423 plants compared to Puitá INTA-CL, an element previously linked to plant defense, indicating that it could be involved in tolerance mechanisms. Taken together, our data show that IRGA 423 presents tolerance to S. oryzae infestation, and that multiple mechanisms might be employed by this cultivar. These findings could be used in biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to mite infestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Buffon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gastmann
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Janete Mariza Adamski
- Graduate Program in Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Agrobiology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelo Schuabb Heringer
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro” (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro” (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
- Integrative Biology Unit, Genomic and Proteomic Facility, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro” (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Blaazer CJH, Villacis-Perez EA, Chafi R, Van Leeuwen T, Kant MR, Schimmel BCJ. Why Do Herbivorous Mites Suppress Plant Defenses? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1057. [PMID: 30105039 PMCID: PMC6077234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous defensive traits that enable them to resist herbivores. In turn, this resistance has selected for herbivores that can cope with defenses by either avoiding, resisting or suppressing them. Several species of herbivorous mites, such as the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus evansi, were found to maximize their performance by suppressing inducible plant defenses. At first glimpse it seems obvious why such a trait will be favored by natural selection. However, defense suppression appeared to readily backfire since mites that do so also make their host plant more suitable for competitors and their offspring more attractive for natural enemies. This, together with the fact that spider mites are infamous for their ability to resist (plant) toxins directly, justifies the question as to why traits that allow mites to suppress defenses nonetheless seem to be relatively common? We argue that this trait may facilitate generalist herbivores, like T. urticae, to colonize new host species. While specific detoxification mechanisms may, on average, be suitable only on a narrow range of similar hosts, defense suppression may be more broadly effective, provided it operates by targeting conserved plant signaling components. If so, resistance and suppression may be under frequency-dependent selection and be maintained as a polymorphism in generalist mite populations. In that case, the defense suppression trait may be under rapid positive selection in subpopulations that have recently colonized a new host but may erode in relatively isolated populations in which host-specific detoxification mechanisms emerge. Although there is empirical evidence to support these scenarios, it contradicts the observation that several of the mite species found to suppress plant defenses actually are relatively specialized. We argue that in these cases buffering traits may enable such mites to mitigate the negative side effects of suppression in natural communities and thus shield this trait from natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Joséphine H. Blaazer
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ernesto A. Villacis-Perez
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rachid Chafi
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merijn R. Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernardus C. J. Schimmel
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Furutani S, Ihara M, Lees K, Buckingham SD, Partridge FA, David JA, Patel R, Warchal S, Mellor IR, Matsuda K, Sattelle DB. The fungal alkaloid Okaramine-B activates an L-glutamate-gated chloride channel from Ixodes scapularis, a tick vector of Lyme disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:350-360. [PMID: 29957333 PMCID: PMC6039357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel L-glutamate-gated anion channel (IscaGluCl1) has been cloned from the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, which transmits multiple pathogens including the agents of Lyme disease and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. When mRNA encoding IscaGluCl1 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we detected robust 50-400 nA currents in response to 100 μM L-glutamate. Responses to L-glutamate were concentration-dependent (pEC50 3.64 ± 0.11). Ibotenate was a partial agonist on IscaGluCl1. We detected no response to 100 μM aspartate, quisqualate, kainate, AMPA or NMDA. Ivermectin at 1 μM activated IscaGluCl1, whereas picrotoxinin (pIC50 6.20 ± 0.04) and the phenylpyrazole fipronil (pIC50 6.90 ± 0.04) showed concentration-dependent block of the L-glutamate response. The indole alkaloid okaramine B, isolated from fermentation products of Penicillium simplicissimum (strain AK40) grown on okara pulp, activated IscaGluCl1 in a concentration-dependent manner (pEC50 5.43 ± 0.43) and may serve as a candidate lead compound for the development of new acaricides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Furutani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Ihara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kristin Lees
- Neurosystems Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven D Buckingham
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Frederick A Partridge
- Neurosystems Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Jonathan A David
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haug, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Rohit Patel
- Neurosystems Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Scott Warchal
- Neurosystems Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - David B Sattelle
- Neurosystems Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Guo J, Li M, Liu Y, Wang F, Kong Z, Sun Y, Lu J, Jin N, Huang Y, Liu J, Francis F, Fan B. Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chiral Cyflumetofen in Apple. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051060. [PMID: 29724046 PMCID: PMC6099807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-performance convergence chromatography is an environmentally-friendly analytical method that uses dramatically reduced amounts of organic solvents. In addition, a robust and highly sensitive chiral separation method was developed for the novel chiral acaricide cyflumetofen by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, which shows that stereoisomer recoveries determined for various apple parts ranged from 78.3% to 119.9%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 14.0%. The half-lives of (−)-cyflumetofen and (+)-cyflumetofen obtained under 5-fold applied dosage equal to 22.13 and 22.23 days, respectively. For 1.5-fold applied dosage, the respective values were determined as 22.42 and 23.64 days, i.e., the degradation of (−)-cyflumetofen was insignificantly favored over that of its enantiomer. Importantly, cyflumetofen was unevenly distributed in apples, with its relative contents in apple peel, peduncle, and pomace equal to 50%, 22%, and 16%, respectively. The proposed method can be used to efficiently separate and quantify chiral pesticide with advantages of a shorter analysis time, greater sensitivity, and better environmental compatibility. Additionally, the consumption of apples with residue of cyflumetofen did not pose a health risk to the population if the cyflumetofen applied under satisfactory agricultural practices after the long-term dietary risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Minmin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nuo Jin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yatao Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Zhu YX, Song YL, Zhang YK, Hoffmann AA, Zhou JC, Sun JT, Hong XY. Incidence of Facultative Bacterial Endosymbionts in Spider Mites Associated with Local Environments and Host Plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02546-17. [PMID: 29330177 PMCID: PMC5835729 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02546-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider mites are frequently associated with multiple endosymbionts whose infection patterns often exhibit spatial and temporal variation. However, the association between endosymbiont prevalence and environmental factors remains unclear. Here, we surveyed endosymbionts in natural populations of the spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus, in China, screening 935 spider mites from 21 localities and 12 host plant species. Three facultative endosymbiont lineages, Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Spiroplasma, were detected at different infection frequencies (52.5%, 26.3%, and 8.6%, respectively). Multiple endosymbiont infections were observed in most local populations, and the incidence of individuals with the Wolbachia-Spiroplasma coinfection was higher than expected from the frequency of each infection within a population. Endosymbiont infection frequencies exhibited associations with environmental factors: Wolbachia infection rates increased at localities with higher annual mean temperatures, while Cardinium and Spiroplasma infection rates increased at localities from higher altitudes. Wolbachia was more common in mites from Lycopersicon esculentum and Glycine max compared to those from Zea mays This study highlights that host-endosymbiont interactions may be associated with environmental factors, including climate and other geographically linked factors, as well as the host's food plant.IMPORTANCE The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of endosymbiont distribution and the infection patterns in spider mites. The main findings are that multiple endosymbiont infections were more common than expected and that endosymbiont infection frequencies were associated with environmental factors. This work highlights that host-endosymbiont interactions need to be studied within an environmental and geographic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ling Song
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Kai Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Nakai K, Murata Y, Osakabe M. Effects of Low Temperature on Spider Mite Control by Intermittent Ultraviolet-B Irradiation for Practical Use in Greenhouse Strawberries. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:140-147. [PMID: 29186383 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to control spider mites is challenging as a key technology for integrated pest management (IPM) in greenhouse strawberries in Japan. To address this, concurrent use of phytoseiid mites and reduced UVB irradiance is desirable to ensure control effects in areas shaded from UVB radiation and to minimize the sunscald in winter, respectively. We designed experiments reproducing the UVB dose on the lower leaf surfaces in strawberry and evaluated the effects of intermittent UVB irradiation at midnight for practical application in the greenhouse and low temperature on the survival of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and damage to the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The midnight intermittent UVB irradiation effectively suppressed egg hatching and development of larvae of T. urticae, and the control effect was reinforced at 20°C (no eggs hatched at 0.13 kJ m-2 d-1) rather than, at 25°C (70.8% eggs hatched). In contrast, the hatchability of N. californicus eggs was unaffected by intermittent UVB irradiation at 0.27 kJ m-2 d-1 at 25°C and 20°C. However, residual effects of UVB irradiation to N. californicus eggs on survival of hatched larvae were seen, so that reducing the UVB dose is also advantageous for this phytoseiid mite. N. californicus showed a photoreactivation capacity, whereas their UVB tolerance was improved by prey species, suggesting the possibility of the improvement of phytoseiid mites by diet. The reduction of UVB dose and concurrent use of phytoseiid mites increase reliability of the UVB method in IPM strategies in strawberry greenhouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakai
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Murata
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Buffon G, Blasi ÉADR, Rativa AGS, Lamb TI, Gastmann R, Adamski JM, Schwambach J, Ricachenevsky FK, Heringer AS, Silveira V, Lopes MCB, Sperotto RA. Unraveling Rice Tolerance Mechanisms Against Schizotetranychus oryzae Mite Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30279693 DOI: 10.1101/281733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the staple food for over half of the world's population. Infestation of Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes great losses in rice productivity. To search for rice genotypes that could better tolerate S. oryzae infestation, we evaluated morphological and production parameters in Brazilian cultivars, and identified two cultivars with contrasting responses. Leaf damage during infestation was similar for all cultivars. However, infestation in Puitá INTA-CL resulted in reduction in the number of seeds per plant, percentage of full seeds, weight of 1,000 seeds, and seed length, whereas infestation in IRGA 423 increased weight of 1,000 seeds and seed length. Reduction in seed weight per plant caused by infestation was clearly higher in Puitá INTA-CL (62%) compared to IRGA 423 (no reduction detected), thus Puitá INTA-CL was established as susceptible, and IRGA 423 as tolerant to S. oryzae infestation. Photosynthetic parameters were less affected by infestation in IRGA 423 than in Puitá INTA-CL, evidencing higher efficiency of energy absorption and use. S. oryzae infestation also caused accumulation of H2O2, decreased cell membrane integrity (indicative of cell death), and accelerated senescence in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL, while leaves of IRGA 423 presented higher levels of total phenolics compounds. We performed proteomics analysis of Puitá INTA-CL and IRGA 423 leaves after 7 days of infestation, and identified 60 differentially abundant proteins (28 more abundant in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL and 32 in IRGA 423). Proteins related to plant defense, such as jasmonate synthesis, and related to other mechanisms of tolerance such as oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and DNA structure maintenance, together with energy production and general metabolic processes, were more abundant in IRGA 423. We also detected higher levels of silicon (as amorphous silica cells) in leaves of infested IRGA 423 plants compared to Puitá INTA-CL, an element previously linked to plant defense, indicating that it could be involved in tolerance mechanisms. Taken together, our data show that IRGA 423 presents tolerance to S. oryzae infestation, and that multiple mechanisms might be employed by this cultivar. These findings could be used in biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to mite infestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Buffon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gastmann
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Janete Mariza Adamski
- Graduate Program in Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Agrobiology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelo Schuabb Heringer
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
- Integrative Biology Unit, Genomic and Proteomic Facility, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Gyuris E, Szép E, Kontschán J, Hettyey A, Tóth Z. Efficiency against the Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and prey-age-related choice of three predatory mites. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2018. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.64.1.75.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
123
|
The effect of insecticide synergist treatment on genome-wide gene expression in a polyphagous pest. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13440. [PMID: 29044179 PMCID: PMC5647426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergists can counteract metabolic insecticide resistance by inhibiting detoxification enzymes or transporters. They are used in commercial formulations of insecticides, but are also frequently used in the elucidation of resistance mechanisms. However, the effect of synergists on genome-wide transcription in arthropods is poorly understood. In this study we used Illumina RNA-sequencing to investigate genome-wide transcriptional responses in an acaricide resistant strain of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae upon exposure to synergists such as S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), diethyl maleate (DEM), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and cyclosporin A (CsA). Exposure to PBO and DEF resulted in a broad transcriptional response and about one third of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases, was shared between both treatments, suggesting common transcriptional regulation. Moreover, both DEF and PBO induced genes that are strongly implicated in acaricide resistance in the respective strain. In contrast, CsA treatment mainly resulted in downregulation of Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) genes, while DEGs of the DEM treatment were not significantly enriched for any GO-terms.
Collapse
|
124
|
Amaral ACF, Ramos ADS, Pena MR, Ferreira JLP, Menezes JMS, Vasconcelos GJ, da Silva NM, Silva JRDA. Acaricidal activity of Derris floribunda essential oil and its main constituent. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
125
|
Schlachter CR, Klapper V, Wybouw N, Radford T, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic M, Chruszcz M. Structural Characterization of a Eukaryotic Cyanase from Tetranychus urticae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5453-5462. [PMID: 28613863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous agricultural pest and poses a high risk to global crop production as it is rapidly developing pesticide resistance. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis has revealed the presence of a remarkable cyanase gene in T. urticae and related mite species within the Acariformes lineage. Cyanase catalyzes the detoxification of cyanate and is potentially an attractive protein target for the development of new acaricides. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that within the Acariformes, the cyanase gene originates from a single horizontal gene transfer event, which precedes subsequent speciation. Our structural studies presented here compare and contrast prokaryotic cyanases to T. urticae cyanase, which all form homodecamers and have conserved active site residues, but display different surface areas between homodimers in the overall decameric structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R Schlachter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vincent Klapper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taylor Radford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University , Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- University of La Rioja , Logrono 26006, Spain
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Suzuki T, España MU, Nunes MA, Zhurov V, Dermauw W, Osakabe M, Van Leeuwen T, Grbic M, Grbic V. Protocols for the delivery of small molecules to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180658. [PMID: 28686745 PMCID: PMC5501582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a chelicerate herbivore with an extremely wide host range and an extraordinary ability to develop pesticide resistance. Due to its responsiveness to natural and synthetic xenobiotics, the spider mite is becoming a prime pest herbivore model for studies of the evolution of host range, plant-herbivore interactions and mechanisms of xenobiotic resistance. The spider mite genome has been sequenced and its transcriptional responses to developmental and various biotic and abiotic cues have been documented. However, to identify biological and evolutionary roles of T. urticae genes and proteins, it is necessary to develop methods for the efficient manipulation of mite gene function or protein activity. Here, we describe protocols developed for the delivery of small molecules into spider mites. Starting with mite maintenance and the preparation of the experimental mite populations of developmentally synchronized larvae and adults, we describe 3 methods for delivery of small molecules including artificial diet, leaf coating, and soaking. The presented results define critical steps in these methods and demonstrate that they can successfully deliver tracer dyes into mites. Described protocols provide guidelines for high-throughput setups for delivery of experimental compounds that could be used in reverse genetics platforms to modulate gene expression or protein activity, or for screens focused on discovery of new molecules for mite control. In addition, described protocols could be adapted for other Tetranychidae and related species of economic importance such as Varroa, dust and poultry mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maria Andreia Nunes
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Dou W, Xia WK, Niu JZ, Wang JJ. Abamectin treatment affects glutamate decarboxylase expression and induces higher GABA levels in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:229-244. [PMID: 28656486 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, is one of the most economically and globally destructive mite pests of citrus. Acaricide resistance has been a growing problem in controlling this pest. As the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in organisms, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized from the amino acid glutamate by the action of glutamate decarboxylases (GADs). In the present study, one novel GAD gene, PcGAD, was identified and characterized from P. citri. The opening reading frame of PcGAD contained 1548 nucleotides that encode 515 amino acids. The subsequent spatiotemporal expression pattern by RT-qPCR revealed that the expression levels of PcGAD were significantly higher in larvae than in adults. Challenging with various concentrations of abamectin resulted in the upregulation of PcGAD transcript levels. Furthermore, biochemical characterization indicated that changes in GAD activity coincided with its mRNA levels. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the GABA contents of P. citri increased upon abamectin treatment. The application of abamectin induces PcGAD expression and activates GAD activity, thereby resulting in an increase in GABA content in P. citri, which contributes to the adaptability of the mite to abamectin challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wen-Kai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Zhaotong City Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Zhaotong, 657000, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Osakabe M, Imamura T, Nakano R, Kamikawa S, Tadatsu M, Kunimoto Y, Doi M. Combination of restriction endonuclease digestion with the ΔΔCt method in real-time PCR to monitor etoxazole resistance allele frequency in the two-spotted spider mite. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 139:1-8. [PMID: 28595916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring resistance allele frequency at the early stage of resistance development is important for the successful acaricide resistance management. Etoxazole is a mite growth inhibitor to which resistance is conferred by an amino acid substitution in the chitin synthase 1 (CHS1; I1017F) in T. urticae. If the susceptible allele can be specifically digested by restriction endonuclease, the ΔΔCt method using real-time PCR for genomic DNA (RED-ΔΔCt method) may be available for monitoring the resistance allele frequency. We tested whether the etoxazole resistance allele frequency in a pooled sample was accurately measured by the RED-ΔΔCt method and validated whether the resistance variant frequency was correlated with etoxazole resistance phenotype in a bioassay. Finally, we performed a pilot test using field populations. Strong linearity of the measures by the RED-ΔΔCt method with practical resistance allele frequencies; resistance allele frequency in the range between 0.5% to at least 0.75% was strictly represented. The strong linear relationship between hatchability of haploid male eggs after the etoxazole treatments (phenotype) and resistance allele frequencies in their mothers provided direct evidence that I1017F is a primary resistance factor to etoxazole in the strains used for experiments. The pilot test revealed a significant correlation between egg hatchability (including both diploid female eggs and haploid male eggs) and estimators in field populations. Consequently, we concluded that the RED-ΔΔCt method is a powerful tool for monitoring a resistance allele in a pooled sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Imamura
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Nara 633-0046, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakano
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamikawa
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Nara 633-0046, Japan
| | - Misono Tadatsu
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kunimoto
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Nara 633-0046, Japan
| | - Makoto Doi
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Jeschke P. Latest generation of halogen-containing pesticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1053-1066. [PMID: 28145087 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is confronted with enormous challenges, from production of enough high-quality food to water use, environmental impacts and issues combined with a continually growing world population. Modern agricultural chemistry has to support farmers by providing innovative agrichemicals, used in applied agriculture. In this context, the introduction of halogen atoms into an active ingredient is still an important tool to modulate the properties of new crop protection compounds. Since 2010, around 96% of the launched products (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides/acaricides and nematicides) contain halogen atoms. The launched nematicides contain the largest number of halogen atoms, followed by insecticides/acaricides, herbicides and fungicides. In this context, fungicides and herbicides contain in most cases fluorine atoms, whereas nematicides and insecticides contain in most cases 'mixed' halogen atoms, for example chlorine and fluorine. This review gives an overview of the latest generation of halogen-containing pesticides launched over the past 6 years and describes current halogen-containing development candidates. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Research & Development, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Xie Y, Xu Y, Liu C, Guan A, Ban L, Ding F, Peng W. Intermediate derivatisation method in the discovery of new acaricide candidates: synthesis of N-substituted piperazine derivatives and their activity against phytophagous mites. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:945-952. [PMID: 27448629 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To discover and exploit novel acaricidal compounds, a series of novel N-substituted piperazine derivatives were designed and synthesised using a tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate as the starting material by intermediate derivatisation methods, and their acaricidal activities were evaluated. RESULTS Compounds 11 and 12 exhibited significant acaricidal activity against adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus in greenhouse tests. Compound 12, in particular, was found to be the best potential candidate acaricide and proved to be more active than the commercial positive controls spirodiclofen and pyridaben, with an LC50 of 0.8977 mg L-1 . Results concerning acaricidal activity against larvae and eggs of T. cinnabarinus indicated that compound 12 possessed equivalent larvicidal activity to spirodiclofen and higher larvicidal activity than pyridaben. Meanwhile, compound 12 showed less ovicidal activity than pyridaben, but higher activity than spirodiclofen. Furthermore, the results of the field trial demonstrated that compound 12 could effectively control Panonychus citri and P. ulmi with long-lasting persistence and rapid action. CONCLUSIONS The present work indicates that compound 12 could be a novel acaricide candidate for spider mite control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Changling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Aiying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanfeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Musa A, Međo I, Marić I, Marčić D. Acaricidal and sublethal effects of a Chenopodium-based biopesticide on the two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 71:211-226. [PMID: 28405838 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acaricidal and sublethal effects of the biopesticide Requiem®EC (containing an essential oil extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides) on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. The biopesticide was applied to bean leaves or leaf discs using a Potter spray tower. Acaricidal activity against eggs and immatures was evaluated in successive acute toxicity bioassays. Concentration-mortality data were subjected to probit analysis and the following LC50 values (ml/l) were calculated: 2.47 (eggs), 0.71 (larvae), 1.13 (protonymphs), 2.23 (female deutonymphs), and 6.02 (female teleiochrysalises). In adult bioassay, in which pre-ovipositional females were treated with a series of concentrations (0.31-10 ml/l), a run-off effect ranging 4-80% (after 24 h) and 8-93% (after 72 h) was observed. In two-choice bioassay, T. urticae females preferred the untreated halves of leaves over the halves treated with 1.25-10 ml/l biopesticide and they laid significantly more eggs on the untreated halves in the first 24 h and summed over 72 h. The indices of repellency and oviposition deterence ranged 11.2-77.3 and 14.8-87.9%, respectively. In age-stage two-sex life table bioassay, the females that hatched from eggs treated with 2.5 ml/l biopesticide and reached adulthood on treated leaf surface showed a significantly reduced the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.222), compared to the control (r = 0.317). The reduction of population growth was mainly due to a reduced preadult survival rate (0.42 ± 0.04) and extended juvenile developmental time (9.27 ± 0.11 days), compared to the control (0.93 ± 0.03 and 7.70 ± 0.06 days, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Musa
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31B, P.O. Box 163, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Irena Međo
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31B, P.O. Box 163, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Ivana Marić
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31B, P.O. Box 163, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Dejan Marčić
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31B, P.O. Box 163, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Pavlidi N, Khalighi M, Myridakis A, Dermauw W, Wybouw N, Tsakireli D, Stephanou EG, Labrou NE, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T. A glutathione-S-transferase (TuGSTd05) associated with acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae directly metabolizes the complex II inhibitor cyflumetofen. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 80:101-115. [PMID: 27932274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyflumetofen is a recently introduced acaricide with a novel mode of action, acting as an inhibitor of complex II of mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is activated by hydrolysis and the resulting de-esterified metabolite is a much stronger inhibitor. Cyflumetofen represents a great addition for the control of mite species including Tetranychus urticae, a major agricultural pest, which has the ability to develop resistance to most classes of pesticides rapidly. A resistant strain (Tu008R) was recently described and synergism experiments pointed towards the involvement of GSTs. Here, we conducted genome-wide gene expression analysis, comparing Tu008R with its parental susceptible strain, and identified the delta GST TuGSTd05 as the prime resistance-conferring candidate. Docking analysis suggests that both cyflumetofen and its de-esterified metabolite are potential substrates for conjugation by TuGSTd05. Several amino acids were identified that might be involved in the interaction, with Y107 and N103 possibly having an important role. To further investigate interaction as well as the role of Y107 and N103 in vitro, we recombinantly expressed and kinetically characterized the wild type TuGSTd05, TuGSTd05 Y107F and TuGSTd05 N103L mutants. While cyflumetofen was not found to act as a strong inhibitor, the de-esterified metabolite showed strong affinity for TuGSTd05 (IC50 = 4 μM), which could serve as a mechanism of rapid detoxification. Y107 and N103 might contribute to this interaction. HPLC-MS analysis provided solid indications that TuGSTd05 catalyzes the conjugation of ionized glutathione (GS-) to cyflumetofen and/or its de-esterified metabolite and the resulting metabolite and possible site of attack were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nena Pavlidi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mousaalreza Khalighi
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Tsakireli
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Euripides G Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, Athens, GR-11855, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, Athens, GR-11855, Greece.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Ilias A, Vassiliou VA, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A. Molecular diagnostics for detecting pyrethroid and abamectin resistance mutations in Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 135:9-14. [PMID: 28043338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin and pyrethroid resistance mutations (the G314D and the G326E in the glutamate gated chloride channels, and the F1538I in the voltage gated sodium channel) have been reported in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, one of the most devastating pests of protected and open field crops worldwide. We developed three TaqMan molecular diagnostic assays for monitoring the presence and frequency of these mutations in T. urticae field populations. The TaqMan assays were validated against known genotypes and subsequently used to monitor the frequency of the resistance mutations in eleven T. urticae populations from Greece and Cyprus, with variable history of avermectin and pyrethroids applications. The frequency of the F1538I pyrethroid resistance mutation largely varied among samples, with highest frequencies (75%-97%) detected in four populations derived from protected and open field crops from Crete and Peloponnesus, low frequencies in three populations (2.5%-11%) from Attiki, Cyprus and Crete and not detected in four populations from Crete, Peloponnesus and Cyprus. The frequency of the abamectin resistance mutations G314D and G326E also varied across populations (from 0 to 100%), showing fixation in two populations (>97.5% for the G314D and 100% for the G326E), originating from rose greenhouses from Greece, low frequencies in three populations (5%-12.5%) also originating from rose greenhouses (Crete, Peloponnesus and Cyprus) and not detected in six populations from protected and open field vegetable crops. The TaqMan diagnostics showed higher resolution in detecting specific alleles in low frequency, compared to massive quantitative sequencing approaches previously employed. They can be used, together with classical bioassays, to support evidence - based insecticide resistance management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aris Ilias
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DEMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Floriculture, Vegetable crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsagkarakou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - "DEMETER", NAGREF - Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical crops and Viticulture, Department of Viticulture, Floriculture, Vegetable crops and Plant Protection, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Yu H, Cheng Y, Xu M, Song Y, Luo Y, Li B. Synthesis, Acaricidal Activity, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrazolyl Acrylonitrile Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9586-9591. [PMID: 27976890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazolyl acrylonitrile derivatives was designed, targeting Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and synthesized. Their structures were identified by combination of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra. The structures of compounds 18 and 19 were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Extensive greenhouse bioassays indicated that compound 19 exhibits excellent acaricidal activity against all developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus, which is better than the commercialized compounds cyenopyrafen and spirodiclofen. It was shown that the acute toxicity of compounds 19 to mammals is quite low. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Song
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Ngoc PCT, Greenhalgh R, Dermauw W, Rombauts S, Bajda S, Zhurov V, Grbić M, Van de Peer Y, Van Leeuwen T, Rouzé P, Clark RM. Complex Evolutionary Dynamics of Massively Expanded Chemosensory Receptor Families in an Extreme Generalist Chelicerate Herbivore. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3323-3339. [PMID: 27797949 PMCID: PMC5203786 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While mechanisms to detoxify plant produced, anti-herbivore compounds have been associated with plant host use by herbivores, less is known about the role of chemosensory perception in their life histories. This is especially true for generalists, including chelicerate herbivores that evolved herbivory independently from the more studied insect lineages. To shed light on chemosensory perception in a generalist herbivore, we characterized the chemosensory receptors (CRs) of the chelicerate two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, an extreme generalist. Strikingly, T. urticae has more CRs than reported in any other arthropod to date. Including pseudogenes, 689 gustatory receptors were identified, as were 136 degenerin/Epithelial Na+ Channels (ENaCs) that have also been implicated as CRs in insects. The genomic distribution of T. urticae gustatory receptors indicates recurring bursts of lineage-specific proliferations, with the extent of receptor clusters reminiscent of those observed in the CR-rich genomes of vertebrates or C. elegans Although pseudogenization of many gustatory receptors within clusters suggests relaxed selection, a subset of receptors is expressed. Consistent with functions as CRs, the genomic distribution and expression of ENaCs in lineage-specific T. urticae expansions mirrors that observed for gustatory receptors. The expansion of ENaCs in T. urticae to > 3-fold that reported in other animals was unexpected, raising the possibility that ENaCs in T. urticae have been co-opted to fulfill a major role performed by unrelated CRs in other animals. More broadly, our findings suggest an elaborate role for chemosensory perception in generalist herbivores that are of key ecological and agricultural importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabina Bajda
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Rouzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah .,Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Jonckheere W, Dermauw W, Zhurov V, Wybouw N, Van den Bulcke J, Villarroel CA, Greenhalgh R, Grbić M, Schuurink RC, Tirry L, Baggerman G, Clark RM, Kant MR, Vanholme B, Menschaert G, Van Leeuwen T. The Salivary Protein Repertoire of the Polyphagous Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae: A Quest for Effectors. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3594-3613. [PMID: 27703040 PMCID: PMC5141274 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is an extremely polyphagous crop pest. Alongside an unparalleled detoxification potential for plant secondary metabolites, it has recently been shown that spider mites can attenuate or even suppress plant defenses. Salivary constituents, notably effectors, have been proposed to play an important role in manipulating plant defenses and might determine the outcome of plant-mite interactions. Here, the proteomic composition of saliva from T. urticae lines adapted to various host plants-bean, maize, soy, and tomato-was analyzed using a custom-developed feeding assay coupled with nano-LC tandem mass spectrometry. About 90 putative T. urticae salivary proteins were identified. Many are of unknown function, and in numerous cases belonging to multimembered gene families. RNAseq expression analysis revealed that many genes coding for these salivary proteins were highly expressed in the proterosoma, the mite body region that includes the salivary glands. A subset of genes encoding putative salivary proteins was selected for whole-mount in situ hybridization, and were found to be expressed in the anterior and dorsal podocephalic glands. Strikingly, host plant dependent expression was evident for putative salivary proteins, and was further studied in detail by micro-array based genome-wide expression profiling. This meta-analysis revealed for the first time the salivary protein repertoire of a phytophagous chelicerate. The availability of this salivary proteome will assist in unraveling the molecular interface between phytophagous mites and their host plants, and may ultimately facilitate the development of mite-resistant crops. Furthermore, the technique used in this study is a time- and resource-efficient method to examine the salivary protein composition of other small arthropods for which saliva or salivary glands cannot be isolated easily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Jonckheere
- From the ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- §Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- From the ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- ¶Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A5B7
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- §Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- ‖UGCT - Woodlab-UGent, Department of Forest and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Carlos A Villarroel
- **Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- ‡‡Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- §§Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 257 South 1400 East Utah 84112
| | - Mike Grbić
- ¶Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A5B7
- ¶¶Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, 26006 Logrono, Spain
| | - Rob C Schuurink
- **Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Tirry
- From the ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- ‖‖Center for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- §§Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 257 South 1400 East Utah 84112
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 257 South 1400 East Utah 84122
| | - Merijn R Kant
- ‡‡Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gerben Menschaert
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- From the ‡Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- §Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Sun D, Pang J, Zhou Z, Jiao B. Enantioselective environmental behavior and cytotoxicity of chiral acaricide cyflumetofen. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:167-173. [PMID: 27424059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective dissipation behavior of the new acaricide cyflumetofen (CYF) in citrus and soil, and its cytotoxicity to human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells was investigated for the first time. The results of degradation experiment showed that roughly similar half-lives of (-)-CYF and (+)-CYF were achieved in citrus (16.5 and 19.8 d) and soil (6.37 and 6.99 d), respectively. EF values varied from 0.50 to 0.42 in citrus and from 0.49 to 0.48 in soil, indicating that slightly enantioselective degradation happened during experiment period. Moreover, indexes of MTT, LDH, ROS, MDA, SOD, and CAT were used to evaluate enantioselective cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of CYF enantiomers to HepG2 cells. Dose- and structure form-dependent phenomenon was observed with toxicity orders of (-)-CYF > rac-CYF > (+)-CYF. Despite the similar environmental degradation behavior, the toxicities of CYF enantiomers showed great difference, suggesting that (+)-CYF might be developed as potential substitute of rac-CYF for safety consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Morales MA, Mendoza BM, Lavine LC, Lavine MD, Walsh DB, Zhu F. Selection of Reference Genes for Expression Studies of Xenobiotic Adaptation in Tetranychus urticae. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1129-39. [PMID: 27570487 PMCID: PMC4997057 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an extensively used, high-throughput method to analyze transcriptional expression of genes of interest. An appropriate normalization strategy with reliable reference genes is required for calculating gene expression across diverse experimental conditions. In this study, we aim to identify the most stable reference genes for expression studies of xenobiotic adaptation in Tetranychus urticae, an extremely polyphagous herbivore causing significant yield reduction of agriculture. We chose eight commonly used housekeeping genes as candidates. The qRT-PCR expression data for these genes were evaluated from seven populations: a susceptible and three acaricide resistant populations feeding on lima beans, and three other susceptible populations which had been shifted host from lima beans to three other plant species. The stability of the candidate reference genes was then assessed using four different algorithms (comparative ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). Additionally, we used an online web-based tool (RefFinder) to assign an overall final rank for each candidate gene. Our study found that CycA and Rp49 are best for investigating gene expression in acaricide susceptible and resistant populations. GAPDH, Rp49, and Rpl18 are best for host plant shift studies. And GAPDH and Rp49 were the most stable reference genes when investigating gene expression under changes in both experimental conditions. These results will facilitate research in revealing molecular mechanisms underlying the xenobiotic adaptation of this notorious agricultural pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariany Ashanty Morales
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | | | - Laura Corley Lavine
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mark Daniel Lavine
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Douglas Bruce Walsh
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Wu K, Hoy MA. The Glutathione-S-Transferase, Cytochrome P450 and Carboxyl/Cholinesterase Gene Superfamilies in Predatory Mite Metaseiulus occidentalis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160009. [PMID: 27467523 PMCID: PMC4965064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide-resistant populations of the predatory mite Metaseiulus (= Typhlodromus or Galendromus) occidentalis (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae) have been used in the biological control of pest mites such as phytophagous Tetranychus urticae. However, the pesticide resistance mechanisms in M. occidentalis remain largely unknown. In other arthropods, members of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP) and carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) gene superfamilies are involved in the diverse biological pathways such as the metabolism of xenobiotics (e.g. pesticides) in addition to hormonal and chemosensory processes. In the current study, we report the identification and initial characterization of 123 genes in the GST, CYP and CCE superfamilies in the recently sequenced M. occidentalis genome. The gene count represents a reduction of 35% compared to T. urticae. The distribution of genes in the GST and CCE superfamilies in M. occidentalis differs significantly from those of insects and resembles that of T. urticae. Specifically, we report the presence of the Mu class GSTs, and the J’ and J” clade CCEs that, within the Arthropoda, appear unique to Acari. Interestingly, the majority of CCEs in the J’ and J” clades contain a catalytic triad, suggesting that they are catalytically active. They likely represent two Acari-specific CCE clades that may participate in detoxification of xenobiotics. The current study of genes in these superfamilies provides preliminary insights into the potential molecular components that may be involved in pesticide metabolism as well as hormonal/chemosensory processes in the agriculturally important M. occidentalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marjorie A. Hoy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Goto SG. Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodism in the spider mite: comparisons with insects. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:969-984. [PMID: 27424162 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodism is an adaptive, seasonal timing system that enables organisms to coordinate their development and physiology to annual changes in the environment using day length (photoperiod) as a cue. This review summarizes our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underlying photoperiodism in spider mites. In particular, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is focussed, which has long been used as a model species for studying photoperiodism. Photoperiodism is established by several physiological modules, such as the photoreceptor, photoperiodic time measurement system, counter system, and endocrine effector. It is now clear that retinal photoreception through the ocelli is indispensable for the function of photoperiodism, at least in T. urticae. Visual pigment, which comprised opsin protein and a vitamin A-based pigment, is involved in photoreception. The physiological basis of the photoperiodic time measurement system is still under debate, and we have controversial evidence for the hourglass-based time measurement and the oscillator-based time measurement. Less attention has been centred on the counter system in insects and mites. Mite reproduction is possibly regulated by the ecdysteroid, ponasterone A. Prior physiological knowledge has laid the foundation for the next steps essential for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms driving photoperiodism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin G Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Villarroel CA, Jonckheere W, Alba JM, Glas JJ, Dermauw W, Haring MA, Van Leeuwen T, Schuurink RC, Kant MR. Salivary proteins of spider mites suppress defenses in Nicotiana benthamiana and promote mite reproduction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:119-31. [PMID: 26946468 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spider mites (Tetranychidae sp.) are widely occurring arthropod pests on cultivated plants. Feeding by the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae, a generalist herbivore, induces a defense response in plants that mainly depends on the phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (SA). On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), however, certain genotypes of T. urticae and the specialist species T. evansi were found to suppress these defenses. This phenomenon occurs downstream of phytohormone accumulation via an unknown mechanism. We investigated if spider mites possess effector-like proteins in their saliva that can account for this defense suppression. First we performed an in silico prediction of the T. urticae and the T. evansi secretomes, and subsequently generated a short list of candidate effectors based on additional selection criteria such as life stage-specific expression and salivary gland expression via whole mount in situ hybridization. We picked the top five most promising protein families and then expressed representatives in Nicotiana benthamiana using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transient expression assays to assess their effect on plant defenses. Four proteins from two families suppressed defenses downstream of the phytohormone SA. Furthermore, T. urticae performance on N. benthamiana improved in response to transient expression of three of these proteins and this improvement was similar to that of mites feeding on the tomato SA accumulation mutant nahG. Our results suggest that both generalist and specialist plant-eating mite species are sensitive to SA defenses but secrete proteins via their saliva to reduce the negative effects of these defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Villarroel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan M Alba
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J Glas
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel A Haring
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Synthetic approaches to the 2010–2014 new agrochemicals. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:317-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
143
|
Interactions between natural enemies: Effect of a predatory mite on transmission of the fungus Neozygites floridana in two-spotted spider mite populations. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 134:35-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
144
|
Khalighi M, Dermauw W, Wybouw N, Bajda S, Osakabe M, Tirry L, Van Leeuwen T. Molecular analysis of cyenopyrafen resistance in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:103-112. [PMID: 26118668 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyenopyrafen is a recently developed acaricide with a new mode of action as a complex II inhibitor. However, it was recently shown that cross-resistance to cyenopyrafen can occur in resistant field strains of Tetranychus urticae, which might be linked to the previous use of classical METI acaricides. Here, we selected for cyenopyrafen resistance and studied the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance. RESULTS Selection for cyenopyrafen resistance confers cross-resistance to the complex II inhibitor cyflumetofen, but also to pyridaben, a frequently used complex I inhibitor. Cyenopyrafen resistance is highly synergised by piperonyl butoxide, and a 15-fold higher P450 activity was detected in the resistant strain. Target-site resistance was not detected. Genome-wide gene expression data, followed by a meta-analysis of previously obtained gene expression data, revealed the overexpression specifically of CYP392A11 and CYP392A12. CONCLUSIONS Cyenopyrafen resistance is strongly linked to the overexpression of two P450s, which probably explains the observed cross-resistance. This information is highly valuable, as the novel complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen are in the process of worldwide registration. The role of both CYP392A11 and CYP392A12 should be further supported by functional expression, but they are very promising candidates as molecular diagnostic markers for monitoring cyenopyrafen susceptibility in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousaalreza Khalighi
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Bajda
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Luc Tirry
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bio-science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Van Leeuwen T, Dermauw W. The Molecular Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Resistance in Chelicerate Mites. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 61:475-98. [PMID: 26982444 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chelicerate mites diverged from other arthropod lineages more than 400 million years ago and subsequently developed specific and remarkable xenobiotic adaptations. The study of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, for which a high-quality Sanger-sequenced genome was first available, revealed expansions and radiations in all major detoxification gene families, including P450 monooxygenases, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Novel gene families that are not well studied in other arthropods, such as major facilitator family transporters and lipocalins, also reflect the evolution of xenobiotic adaptation. The acquisition of genes by horizontal gene transfer provided new routes to handle toxins, for example, the β-cyanoalanine synthase enzyme that metabolizes cyanide. The availability of genomic resources for other mite species has allowed researchers to study the lineage specificity of these gene family expansions and the distinct evolution of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in mites. Genome-based tools have been crucial in supporting the idiosyncrasies of mite detoxification and will further support the expanding field of mite-plant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; ,
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; ,
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Molecular mechanisms of Tetranychus urticae chemical adaptation in hop fields. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17090. [PMID: 26621458 PMCID: PMC4664861 DOI: 10.1038/srep17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a major pest that feeds on >1,100 plant species. Many perennial crops including hop (Humulus lupulus) are routinely plagued by T. urticae infestations. Hop is a specialty crop in Pacific Northwest states, where 99% of all U.S. hops are produced. To suppress T. urticae, growers often apply various acaricides. Unfortunately T. urticae has been documented to quickly develop resistance to these acaricides which directly cause control failures. Here, we investigated resistance ratios and distribution of multiple resistance-associated mutations in field collected T. urticae samples compared with a susceptible population. Our research revealed that a mutation in the cytochrome b gene (G126S) in 35% tested T. urticae populations and a mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (F1538I) in 66.7% populations may contribute resistance to bifenazate and bifenthrin, respectively. No mutations were detected in Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunits tested, suggesting target site insensitivity may not be important in our hop T. urticae resistance to abamectin. However, P450-mediated detoxification was observed and is a putative mechanism for abamectin resistance. Molecular mechanisms of T. urticae chemical adaptation in hopyards is imperative new information that will help growers develop effective and sustainable management strategies.
Collapse
|
147
|
Bajda S, Dermauw W, Greenhalgh R, Nauen R, Tirry L, Clark RM, Van Leeuwen T. Transcriptome profiling of a spirodiclofen susceptible and resistant strain of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi using strand-specific RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:974. [PMID: 26581334 PMCID: PMC4652392 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi, is among the most important mite pests in fruit orchards, where it is controlled primarily by acaricide application. However, the species rapidly develops pesticide resistance, and the elucidation of resistance mechanisms for P. ulmi has not kept pace with insects or with the closely related spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The main reason for this lack of knowledge has been the absence of genomic resources needed to investigate the molecular biology of resistance mechanisms. RESULTS Here, we provide a comprehensive strand-specific RNA-seq based transcriptome resource for P. ulmi derived from strains susceptible and resistant to the widely used acaricide spirodiclofen. From a de novo assembly of the P. ulmi transcriptome, we manually annotated detoxification enzyme families, target-sites of commonly used acaricides, and horizontally transferred genes implicated in plant-mite interactions and pesticide resistance. In a comparative analysis that incorporated sequences available for Panonychus citri, T. urticae, and insects, we identified radiations for detoxification gene families following the divergence of Panonychus and Tetranychus genera. Finally, we used the replicated RNA-seq data from the spirodiclofen susceptible and resistant strains to describe gene expression changes associated with resistance. A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, as well as multiple carboxylcholinesterases, were differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant strains, and provide a molecular entry point for understanding resistance to spirodiclofen, widely used to control P. ulmi populations. CONCLUSIONS The new genomic resources and data that we present in this study for P. ulmi will substantially facilitate molecular studies of underlying mechanisms involved in acaricide resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Bajda
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 9424, 1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 257 South 1400 East, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer CropScience AG, Research Pest Control, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 257 South 1400 East, UT, 84112, USA.,Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 257 South 1400 East, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 9424, 1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Kwon DH, Kang TJ, Kim YH, Lee SH. Phenotypic- and Genotypic-Resistance Detection for Adaptive Resistance Management in Tetranychus urticae Koch. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139934. [PMID: 26545209 PMCID: PMC4636269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid resistance detection is necessary for the adaptive management of acaricide-resistant populations of Tetranychus urticae. Detection of phenotypic and genotypic resistance was conducted by employing residual contact vial bioassay (RCV) and quantitative sequencing (QS) methods, respectively. RCV was useful for detecting the acaricide resistance levels of T. urticae, particularly for on-site resistance detection; however, it was only applicable for rapid-acting acaricides (12 out of 19 tested acaricides). QS was effective for determining the frequencies of resistance alleles on a population basis, which corresponded to 12 nonsynonymous point mutations associated with target-site resistance to five types of acaricides [organophosphates (monocrotophos, pirimiphos-methyl, dimethoate and chlorpyrifos), pyrethroids (fenpropathrin and bifenthrin), abamectin, bifenazate and etoxazole]. Most field-collected mites exhibited high levels of multiple resistance, as determined by RCV and QS data, suggesting the seriousness of their current acaricide resistance status in rose cultivation areas in Korea. The correlation analyses revealed moderate to high levels of positive relationships between the resistance allele frequencies and the actual resistance levels in only five of the acaricides evaluated, which limits the general application of allele frequency as a direct indicator for estimating actual resistance levels. Nevertheless, the resistance allele frequency data alone allowed for the evaluation of the genetic resistance potential and background of test mite populations. The combined use of RCV and QS provides basic information on resistance levels, which is essential for choosing appropriate acaricides for the management of resistant T. urticae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok Ho Kwon
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DHK); (SHL)
| | - Taek-Jun Kang
- Department of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Jeonju 565–852, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DHK); (SHL)
| |
Collapse
|