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Sub-proteome S-nitrosylation analysis in Brassica juncea hints at the regulation of Brassicaceae specific as well as other vital metabolic pathway(s) by nitric oxide and suggests post-translational modifications cross-talk. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:97-111. [PMID: 25175897 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress affects the normal physiology of the plants and results in crop loss. Brassica juncea is an oil yielding crop affected by abiotic stress. In future, over 30% yield loss by abiotic stress is predicted in India. Understanding the mechanism of plant response to stress would help in developing stress tolerant crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is now viewed as a remarkably important signaling molecule, involved in regulating stress responses. S-Nitrosylation is a NO based post-translational modification (PTM), linked with the regulation of many physiologically relevant targets. In the last decade, over 700 functionally varied S-nitrosylated proteins were identified, which suggested broad-spectrum regulation. To understand the physiological significance of S-nitrosylation, it was analyzed in cold stress. Functional categorization and validation of some of the B. juncea S-nitrosylated targets, suggested that NO produced during stress regulates cellular detoxification by modulating enzymes of ascorbate glutathione cycle, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glyoxalase I by S-nitrosylation in crude, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) depleted and apoplastic fractions. Interestingly, S-nitrosylation of enzymes associated with glucosinolate hydrolysis pathway, suggests a novel regulation of this Brassicaceae specific pathway by NO. Moreover, identification of enzymes of Glycolysis and Calvin cycle in crude and RuBisCO depleted fractions showed the regulation of metabolic as well as photosynthetic pathways by S-nitrosylation. S-Nitrosylation of cell wall modifying and proteolytic enzymes in the apoplast suggested differential and spatial regulation by S-nitrosylation. To have an overview of physiological role(s) of NO, collective information on NO based signaling (mainly by S-nitrosylation) is presented in this review.
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102
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Lipka E, Müller S. Nitrosative stress triggers microtubule reorganization in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4177-89. [PMID: 24803503 PMCID: PMC4112629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are essential components of the cytoskeleton and fulfil multiple cellular functions in developmental processes, readily responding to intrinsic and external cues. Nitric oxide signalling is well established in plants, and the MT cytoskeleton is one of its potential targets. To mimic low level nitrosative stress, growth medium was supplemented with 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), a nitrated form of the amino acid tyrosine, and concentration-dependent changes in root growth rate and a reduction in cell division frequencies in Arabidopsis thaliana were observed. In addition, it is reported that exposure to low NO2-Tyr concentrations was not detrimental to plant health and caused subtle and reversible defects. In contrast, growth defects caused by high NO2-Tyr concentrations could not be reversed. Live cell imaging of an MT reporter line revealed that treatment with a low concentration of NO2-Tyr correlated with disorganized cortical MT arrays and associated non-polar cell expansion in the elongation zone. NO2-Tyr treatment antagonized the effects of taxol and oryzalin, further supporting the association of NO2-Tyr with MTs. Furthermore, oblique division plane orientations were observed which were probably induced prior to cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lipka
- ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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103
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Mendes LW, Kuramae EE, Navarrete AA, van Veen JA, Tsai SM. Taxonomical and functional microbial community selection in soybean rhizosphere. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:1577-87. [PMID: 24553468 PMCID: PMC4817605 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the selection of the rhizospheric microbial community from the bulk soil reservoir under agricultural management of soybean in Amazon forest soils. We used a shotgun metagenomics approach to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversities of microbial communities in the bulk soil and in the rhizosphere of soybean plants and tested the validity of neutral and niche theories to explain the rhizosphere community assembly processes. Our results showed a clear selection at both taxonomic and functional levels operating in the assembly of the soybean rhizosphere community. The taxonomic analysis revealed that the rhizosphere community is a subset of the bulk soil community. Species abundance in rhizosphere fits the log-normal distribution model, which is an indicator of the occurrence of niche-based processes. In addition, the data indicate that the rhizosphere community is selected based on functional cores related to the metabolisms of nitrogen, iron, phosphorus and potassium, which are related to benefits to the plant, such as growth promotion and nutrition. The network analysis including bacterial groups and functions was less complex in rhizosphere, suggesting the specialization of some specific metabolic pathways. We conclude that the assembly of the microbial community in the rhizosphere is based on niche-based processes as a result of the selection power of the plant and other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Acácio A Navarrete
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A van Veen
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Siu M Tsai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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104
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Manai J, Gouia H, Corpas FJ. Redox and nitric oxide homeostasis are affected in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots under salinity-induced oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1028-35. [PMID: 24974329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and reduced glutathione (GSH) molecules play important roles in the redox homeostasis of plant cells. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants grown with 120mM NaCl, we studied the redox state of NADPH and GSH as well as ascorbate, nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) content and the activity of the principal enzymes involved in the metabolism of these molecules in roots. Salinity caused a significant reduction in growth parameters and an increase in oxidative parameters such as lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Salinity also led to an overall decrease in the content of these redox molecules and in the enzymatic activities of the main NADPH-generating dehydrogenases, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and catalase. However, NO content as well as gluthahione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity increased under salinity stress. These findings indicate that salinity drastically affects redox and NO homeostasis in tomato roots. In our view, these molecules, which show the interaction between ROS and RNS metabolisms, could be excellent parameters for evaluating the physiological conditions of plants under adverse stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Manai
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Gouia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
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105
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Kim DY, Hong MJ, Seo YW. Role of wheat trHb in nitric oxide scavenging. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5931-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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106
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Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Luque F, Leyva-Pérez MO, Leterrier M, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Differential transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq of GSNO-responsive genes between Arabidopsis roots and leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1080-95. [PMID: 24599390 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide-derived molecule that can regulate protein function by a post-translational modification designated S-nitrosylation. GSNO has also been detected in different plant organs under physiological and stress conditions, and it can also modulate gene expression. Thirty-day-old Arabidopsis plants were grown under hydroponic conditions, and exogenous 1 mM GSNO was applied to the root systems for 3 h. Differential gene expression analyses were carried out both in roots and in leaves by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 3,263 genes were identified as being modulated by GSNO. Most of the genes identified were associated with the mechanism of protection against stress situations, many of these having previously been identified as target genes of GSNO by array-based methods. However, new genes were identified, such as that for methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) in leaves or different miscellaneous RNA (miscRNA) genes in Arabidopsis roots. As a result, 1,945 GSNO-responsive genes expressed differently in leaves and roots were identified, and 114 of these corresponded exclusively to one of these organs. In summary, it is demonstrated that RNA-seq extends our knowledge of GSNO as a signaling molecule which differentially modulates gene expression in roots and leaves under non-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Luque
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María O Leyva-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Marina Leterrier
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signalling in Nitric Oxide, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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107
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Yu M, Lamattina L, Spoel SH, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide function in plant biology: a redox cue in deconvolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1142-1156. [PMID: 24611485 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous, redox-active small molecule, is gradually becoming established as a central regulator of growth, development, immunity and environmental interactions in plants. A major route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is S-nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). This chemical transformation is rapidly emerging as a prototypic, redox-based post-translational modification integral to the life of plants. Here we review the myriad roles of NO and SNOs in plant biology and, where known, the molecular mechanisms underpining their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CC 12457600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
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108
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Peroxisomal plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein is imported by peroxisomal targeting signal type 2 (PTS2) in a process that depends on the cytosolic receptor PEX7 and calmodulin. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2049-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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109
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Sun C, Lu L, Liu L, Liu W, Yu Y, Liu X, Hu Y, Jin C, Lin X. Nitrate reductase-mediated early nitric oxide burst alleviates oxidative damage induced by aluminum through enhancement of antioxidant defenses in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1240-1250. [PMID: 24237306 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
• Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in the physiological processes of plants. The role of NO release in the tolerance strategies of roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under aluminum (Al) stress was investigated using two genotypes with different Al resistances. • An early NO burst at 3 h was observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864, whereas the Al-sensitive genotype Yang-5 showed no NO accumulation at 3 h but an extremely high NO concentration after 12 h. Stimulating NO production at 3 h in the root tips of Yang-5 with the NO donor relieved Al-induced root inhibition and callose production, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation, while elimination of the early NO burst by NO scavenger aggravated root inhibition in Jian-864. • Synthesis of early NO in roots of Jian-864 was mediated through nitrate reductase (NR) but not through NO synthase. Elevated antioxidant enzyme activities were induced by Al stress in both wheat genotypes and significantly enhanced by NO donor, but suppressed by NO scavenger or NR inhibitor. • These results suggest that an NR-mediated early NO burst plays an important role in Al resistance of wheat through modulating enhanced antioxidant defense to adapt to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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110
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León J, Castillo MC, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Mir R. Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:907-21. [PMID: 24371253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extensive support for abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in the complex regulatory networks controlling stress responses and development in plants contrasts with the relatively recent role assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Because treatment with exogenous ABA leads to enhanced production of NO, it has been widely considered that NO participates downstream of ABA in controlling processes such as stomata movement, seed dormancy, and germination. However, data on leaf senescence and responses to stress suggest that the functional interaction between ABA and NO is more complex than previously thought, including not only cooperation but also antagonism. The functional relationship is probably determined by several factors including the time- and place-dependent pattern of accumulation of both molecules, the threshold levels, and the regulatory factors important for perception. These factors will determine the actions exerted by each regulator. Here, several examples of well-documented functional interactions between NO and ABA are analysed in light of the most recent reported data on seed dormancy and germination, stomata movements, leaf senescence, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Plant Development and Hormone Action, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
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111
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Shahid M, Pourrut B, Dumat C, Nadeem M, Aslam M, Pinelli E. Heavy-metal-induced reactive oxygen species: phytotoxicity and physicochemical changes in plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 232:1-44. [PMID: 24984833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06746-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the industrial revolution, anthropogenic activities have enhanced there distribution of many toxic heavy metals from the earth's crust to different environmental compartments. Environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals is increasing worldwide, and poses a rising threat to both the environment and to human health.Plants are exposed to heavy metals from various sources: mining and refining of ores, fertilizer and pesticide applications, battery chemicals, disposal of solid wastes(including sewage sludge), irrigation with wastewater, vehicular exhaust emissions and adjacent industrial activity.Heavy metals induce various morphological, physiological, and biochemical dysfunctions in plants, either directly or indirectly, and cause various damaging effects. The most frequently documented and earliest consequence of heavy metal toxicity in plants cells is the overproduction of ROS. Unlike redox-active metals such as iron and copper, heavy metals (e.g, Pb, Cd, Ni, AI, Mn and Zn) cannot generate ROS directly by participating in biological redox reactions such as Haber Weiss/Fenton reactions. However, these metals induce ROS generation via different indirect mechanisms, such as stimulating the activity of NADPH oxidases, displacing essential cations from specific binding sites of enzymes and inhibiting enzymatic activities from their affinity for -SH groups on the enzyme.Under normal conditions, ROS play several essential roles in regulating the expression of different genes. Reactive oxygen species control numerous processes like the cell cycle, plant growth, abiotic stress responses, systemic signalling, programmed cell death, pathogen defence and development. Enhanced generation of these species from heavy metal toxicity deteriorates the intrinsic antioxidant defense system of cells, and causes oxidative stress. Cells with oxidative stress display various chemical,biological and physiological toxic symptoms as a result of the interaction between ROS and biomolecules. Heavy-metal-induced ROS cause lipid peroxidation, membrane dismantling and damage to DNA, protein and carbohydrates. Plants have very well-organized defense systems, consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation processes. The primary defense mechanism for heavy metal detoxification is the reduced absorption of these metals into plants or their sequestration in root cells.Secondary heavy metal tolerance mechanisms include activation of antioxidant enzymes and the binding of heavy metals by phytochelatins, glutathione and amino acids. These defense systems work in combination to manage the cascades of oxidative stress and to defend plant cells from the toxic effects of ROS.In this review, we summarized the biochemiCal processes involved in the over production of ROS as an aftermath to heavy metal exposure. We also described the ROS scavenging process that is associated with the antioxidant defense machinery.Despite considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of ROS overproduction and scavenging, we still lack in-depth studies on the parameters associated with heavy metal exclusion and tolerance capacity of plants. For example, data about the role of glutathione-glutaredoxin-thioredoxin system in ROS detoxification in plant cells are scarce. Moreover, how ROS mediate glutathionylation (redox signalling)is still not completely understood. Similarly, induction of glutathione and phytochelatins under oxidative stress is very well reported, but it is still unexplained that some studied compounds are not involved in the detoxification mechanisms. Moreover,although the role of metal transporters and gene expression is well established for a few metals and plants, much more research is needed. Eventually, when results for more metals and plants are available, the mechanism of the biochemical and genetic basis of heavy metal detoxification in plants will be better understood. Moreover, by using recently developed genetic and biotechnological tools it may be possible to produce plants that have traits desirable for imparting heavy metal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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112
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Monreal JA, Arias-Baldrich C, Tossi V, Feria AB, Rubio-Casal A, García-Mata C, Lamattina L, García-Mauriño S. Nitric oxide regulation of leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-kinase activity: implication in sorghum responses to salinity. PLANTA 2013; 238:859-69. [PMID: 23913013 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that mediates many plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Interestingly, salinity increases NO production selectively in mesophyll cells of sorghum leaves, where photosynthetic C₄ phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C₄ PEPCase) is located. PEPCase is regulated by a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-kinase (PEPCase-k), which levels are greatly enhanced by salinity in sorghum. This work investigated whether NO is involved in this effect. NO donors (SNP, SNAP), the inhibitor of NO synthesis NNA, and the NO scavenger cPTIO were used for long- and short-term treatments. Long-term treatments had multifaceted consequences on both PPCK gene expression and PEPCase-k activity, and they also decreased photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters and plant growth. Nonetheless, it could be observed that SNP increased PEPCase-k activity, resembling salinity effect. Short-term treatments with NO donors, which did not change photosynthetic gas-exchange parameters and PPCK gene expression, increased PEPCase-k activity both in illuminated leaves and in leaves kept at dark. At least in part, these effects were independent on protein synthesis. PEPCase-k activity was not decreased by short-term treatment with cycloheximide in NaCl-treated plants; on the contrary, it was decreased by cPTIO. In summary, NO donors mimicked salt effect on PEPCase-k activity, and scavenging of NO abolished it. Collectively, these results indicate that NO is involved in the complex control of PEPCase-k activity, and it may mediate some of the plant responses to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012, Seville, Spain
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113
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Sadeghi M, Dehghan S, Fischer R, Wenzel U, Vilcinskas A, Kavousi HR, Rahnamaeian M. Isolation and characterization of isochorismate synthase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase during salinity stress, wounding, and salicylic acid treatment in Carthamus tinctorius. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e27335. [PMID: 24309561 PMCID: PMC4091385 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a prominent signaling molecule during biotic and abiotic stresses in plants biosynthesized via cinnamate and isochorismate pathways. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and isochorismate synthase (ICS) are the main enzymes in phenylpropanoid and isochorismate pathways, respectively. To investigate the actual roles of these genes in resistance mechanism to environmental stresses, here, the coding sequences of these enzymes in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), as an oilseed industrial medicinal plant, were partially isolated and their expression profiles during salinity stress, wounding, and salicylic acid treatment were monitored. As a result, safflower ICS (CtICS) and C4H (CtC4H) were induced in early time points after wounding (3-6 h). Upon salinity stress, CtICS and CtC4H were highly expressed for the periods of 6-24 h and 3-6 h after treatment, respectively. It seems evident that ICS expression level is SA concentration dependent as if safflower treatment with 1 mM SA could induce ICS much stronger than that with 0.1 mM, while C4H is less likely to be so. Based on phylogenetic analysis, safflower ICS has maximum similarity to its ortholog in Vitis vinifera up to 69%, while C4H shows the highest similarity to its ortholog in Echinacea angustifolia up to 96%. Overall, the isolated genes of CtICS and CtC4H in safflower could be considered in plant breeding programs for salinity tolerance as well as for pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sadeghi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology; college of agriculture; shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Dehghan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology; college of agriculture; shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman, Iran
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Department of Bioresources; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and applied ecology (IMe); Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research; Interdisciplinary Research center (IFZ); Justus Liebig University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and applied ecology (IMe); Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Phytopathology and applied Zoology; Interdisciplinary Research center (IFZ); Justus Liebig University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Kavousi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology; college of agriculture; shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Department of Bioresources; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and applied ecology (IMe); Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Phytopathology and applied Zoology; Interdisciplinary Research center (IFZ); Justus Liebig University of Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence to: Mohammad Rahnamaeian,
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Kocsy G, Tari I, Vanková R, Zechmann B, Gulyás Z, Poór P, Galiba G. Redox control of plant growth and development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 211:77-91. [PMID: 23987814 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox changes determined by genetic and environmental factors display well-organized interactions in the control of plant growth and development. Diurnal and seasonal changes in the environmental conditions are important for the normal course of these physiological processes and, similarly to their mild irregular alterations, for stress adaptation. However, fast or large-scale environmental changes may lead to damage or death of sensitive plants. The spatial and temporal redox changes influence growth and development due to the reprogramming of metabolism. In this process reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants are involved as components of signalling networks. The control of growth, development and flowering by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants in interaction with hormones at organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular level will be discussed in the present review. Unsolved problems of the field, among others the need for identification of new components and interactions in the redox regulatory network at various organization levels using systems biology approaches will be also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár, Hungary.
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115
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Chen JB, Zhang HX, Guo XF, Wang H, Zhang HS. Novel B,O-chelated fluorescent probe for nitric oxide imaging in Raw 264.7 macrophages and onion tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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116
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Frendo P, Matamoros MA, Alloing G, Becana M. Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:376. [PMID: 24133498 PMCID: PMC3783977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nitrogen poor soils legumes establish a symbiotic interaction with rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. These are unique plant organs where bacteria differentiate into bacteroids, which express the nitrogenase enzyme complex that reduces atmospheric N 2 to ammonia. Nodule metabolism requires a tight control of the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) so that they can perform useful signaling roles while avoiding nitro-oxidative damage. In nodules a thiol-dependent regulatory network that senses, transmits and responds to redox changes is starting to be elucidated. A combination of enzymatic, immunological, pharmacological and molecular analyses has allowed us to conclude that glutathione and its legume-specific homolog, homoglutathione, are abundant in meristematic and infected cells, that their spatio-temporally distribution is correlated with the corresponding (homo)glutathione synthetase activities, and that they are crucial for nodule development and function. Glutathione is at high concentrations in the bacteroids and at moderate amounts in the mitochondria, cytosol and nuclei. Less information is available on other components of the network. The expression of multiple isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins and NADPH-thioredoxin reductases has been detected in nodule cells using antibodies and proteomics. Peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins are essential to regulate and in some cases to detoxify RONS in nodules. Further research is necessary to clarify the regulation of the expression and activity of thiol redox-active proteins in response to abiotic, biotic and developmental cues, their interactions with downstream targets by disulfide-exchange reactions, and their participation in signaling cascades. The availability of mutants and transgenic lines will be crucial to facilitate systematic investigations into the function of the various proteins in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frendo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1355Nice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 7254Nice, France
- Pierre Frendo and Manuel A. Matamoros have contributed equally to this review.
| | - Manuel A. Matamoros
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
- Pierre Frendo and Manuel A. Matamoros have contributed equally to this review.
| | - Geneviève Alloing
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1355Nice, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherches 7254Nice, France
| | - Manuel Becana
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Becana, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail:
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117
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Arc E, Galland M, Godin B, Cueff G, Rajjou L. Nitric oxide implication in the control of seed dormancy and germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:346. [PMID: 24065970 PMCID: PMC3777103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Germination ability is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals with both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent dormancy-releasing agent in many species, including Arabidopsis, and has been suggested to behave as an endogenous regulator of this physiological blockage. Distinct reports have also highlighted a positive impact of NO on seed germination under sub-optimal conditions. However, its molecular mode of action in the context of seed biology remains poorly documented. This review aims to focus on the implications of this radical in the control of seed dormancy and germination. The consequences of NO chemistry on the investigations on both its signaling and its targets in seeds are discussed. NO-dependent protein post-translational modifications are proposed as a key mechanism underlying NO signaling during early seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Arc
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of BotanyInnsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Erwann Arc and Loïc Rajjou, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, Route de Saint Cyr (RD10) - Bât 2, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France e-mail: ;
| | - Marc Galland
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Béatrice Godin
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, VersaillesFrance
- AgroParisTech, UFR de Physiologie végétaleParis, France
- *Correspondence: Erwann Arc and Loïc Rajjou, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences”, Route de Saint Cyr (RD10) - Bât 2, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France e-mail: ;
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118
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitro-oxidative stress vs oxidative or nitrosative stress in higher plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:633-5. [PMID: 23763656 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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119
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Catalá M, Gasulla F, Pradas Del Real AE, García-Breijo F, Reig-Armiñana J, Barreno E. The organic air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide interferes with NO antioxidant role in rehydrating lichen. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:277-284. [PMID: 23707950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants effects on lichens have not been addressed. Rehydration is critical for lichens, a burst of free radicals involving NO occurs. Repeated dehydrations with organic pollutants could increase oxidative damage. Our aim is to learn the effects of cumene hydroperoxide (CP) during lichen rehydration using Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., its photobiont Trebouxia spp. and Asterochloris erici. Confocal imaging shows intracellular ROS and NO production within myco and phycobionts, being the chloroplast the main source of free radicals. CP increases ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation and reduces chlorophyll autofluorescence, although photosynthesis remains unaffected. Concomitant NO inhibition provokes a generalized increase of ROS and a decrease in photosynthesis. Our results suggest that CP induces a compensatory hormetic response in Ramalina farinacea that could reduce the lichen's antioxidant resources after repeated desiccation-rehydration cycles. NO is important in the protection from CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalá
- Biología Celular, Dept Biología y Geología, ESCET, Dptal 1, 241, ESCET-Campus de Móstoles, c/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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120
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Feigl G, Kumar D, Lehotai N, Tugyi N, Molnár A, Ordög A, Szepesi A, Gémes K, Laskay G, Erdei L, Kolbert Z. Physiological and morphological responses of the root system of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to copper stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:179-89. [PMID: 23755862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement for growth and development, but in excess it can cause toxicity in plants. In this comparative study, the uptake and accumulation of Cu as well as the morphological and physiological responses of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) roots to Cu treatment were investigated. The possible involvement of redox active molecules (reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide) and modification in cell wall structure associated with Cu-induced morphological responses were also studied. In short- and long-term treatments, B. juncea suffered more pronounced growth inhibition as compared with B. napus. In addition to the shortening of primary and lateral roots, the number and the density of the laterals were also decreased by Cu. Exposure to copper induced nitric oxide generation in the root tips and this event proved to be dependent on the duration of the exposure and on the plant species. In short- and long-term treatments, Indian mustard showed more significant activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and oxidation of ascorbate (AsA) than B. napus. Moreover, H2O2-dependent lignification was also observed in the Cu-exposed plants. In longer term, significant AsA accumulation and callose deposition were observed, reflecting serious oxidative stress in B. juncea. Based on the morphological and physiological results, we conclude that rapeseed tolerates Cu excess better than Indian mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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121
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Keunen E, Peshev D, Vangronsveld J, Van Den Ende W, Cuypers A. Plant sugars are crucial players in the oxidative challenge during abiotic stress: extending the traditional concept. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1242-55. [PMID: 23305614 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants suffering from abiotic stress are commonly facing an enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with damaging as well as signalling effects at organellar and cellular levels. The outcome of an environmental challenge highly depends on the delicate balance between ROS production and scavenging by both enzymatic and metabolic antioxidants. However, this traditional classification is in need of renewal and reform, as it is becoming increasingly clear that soluble sugars such as disaccharides, raffinose family oligosaccharides and fructans--next to their associated metabolic enzymes--are strongly related to stress-induced ROS accumulation in plants. Therefore, this review aims at extending the current concept of antioxidants functioning during abiotic stress, with special focus on the emanate role of sugars as true ROS scavengers. Examples are given based on their cellular location, as different organelles seem to exploit distinct mechanisms. Moreover, the vacuole comes into the picture as important player in the ROS signalling network of plants. Elucidating the interplay between the mechanisms controlling ROS signalling during abiotic stress will facilitate the development of strategies to enhance crop tolerance to stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Keunen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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122
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Hypoxic survival requires a 2-on-2 hemoglobin in a process involving nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10854-9. [PMID: 23754374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302592110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobins are recognized today as a diverse family of proteins present in all kingdoms of life and performing multiple reactions beyond O2 chemistry. The physiological roles of most hemoglobins remain elusive. Here, we show that a 2-on-2 ("truncated") hemoglobin, termed THB8, is required for hypoxic growth and the expression of anaerobic genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THB8 is 1 of 12 2-on-2 hemoglobins in this species. It belongs to a subclass within the 2-on-2 hemoglobin class I family whose members feature a remarkable variety of domain arrangements and lengths. Posttranscriptional silencing of the THB8 gene results in the mis-regulation of several genes and a growth defect under hypoxic conditions. The latter is intensified in the presence of an NO scavenger, which also impairs growth of wild-type cells. As recombinant THB8 furthermore reacts with NO, the results of this study indicate that THB8 is part of an NO-dependent signaling pathway.
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123
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A central role for thiols in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7405-32. [PMID: 23549272 PMCID: PMC3645693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress poses major problems to agriculture and increasing efforts are being made to understand plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms and to develop new tools that underpin successful agriculture. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant stress tolerance are not fully understood, and the data available is incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Here, we review the significance of protein and non-protein thiol compounds in relation to plant tolerance of abiotic stress. First, the roles of the amino acids cysteine and methionine, are discussed, followed by an extensive discussion of the low-molecular-weight tripeptide, thiol glutathione, which plays a central part in plant stress response and oxidative signalling and of glutathione-related enzymes, including those involved in the biosynthesis of non-protein thiol compounds. Special attention is given to the glutathione redox state, to phytochelatins and to the role of glutathione in the regulation of the cell cycle. The protein thiol section focuses on glutaredoxins and thioredoxins, proteins with oxidoreductase activity, which are involved in protein glutathionylation. The review concludes with a brief overview of and future perspectives for the involvement of plant thiols in abiotic stress tolerance.
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124
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Gupta DK, Huang HG, Corpas FJ. Lead tolerance in plants: strategies for phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2150-61. [PMID: 23338995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is naturally occurring element whose distribution in the environment occurs because of its extensive use in paints, petrol, explosives, sludge, and industrial wastes. In plants, Pb uptake and translocation occurs, causing toxic effects resulting in decrease of biomass production. Commonly plants may prevent the toxic effect of heavy metals by induction of various celular mechanisms such as adsorption to the cell wall, compartmentation in vacuoles, enhancement of the active efflux, or induction of higher levels of metal chelates like a protein complex (metallothioneins and phytochelatins), organic (citrates), and inorganic (sulphides) complexes. Phyotochelains (PC) are synthesized from glutathione (GSH) and such synthesis is due to transpeptidation of γ-glutamyl cysteinyl dipeptides from GSH by the action of a constitutively present enzyme, PC synthase. Phytochelatin binds to Pb ions leading to sequestration of Pb ions in plants and thus serves as an important component of the detoxification mechanism in plants. At cellular level, Pb induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of imbalanced ROS production and ROS scavenging processes by imposing oxidative stress. ROS include superoxide radical (O2(.-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical ((·)OH), which are necessary for the correct functioning of plants; however, in excess they caused damage to biomolecules, such as membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids among others. To limit the detrimental impact of Pb, efficient strategies like phytoremediation are required. In this review, it will discuss recent advancement and potential application of plants for lead removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Cellular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda No. 1, Granada 18008, Spain.
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125
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Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside alleviates arsenic-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings by enhancing antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:584-96. [PMID: 23430410 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible regulatory role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating oxidative stress in wheat seedlings exposed to arsenic (As). Seedlings were treated with NO donor (0.25 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and As (0.25 and 0.5 mM Na2HAsO4·7H2O) separately and/or in combination and grown for 72 h. Relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content were decreased by As treatment but proline (Pro) content was increased. The ascorbate (AsA) content was decreased significantly with increased As concentration. The imposition of As caused marked increase in the MDA and H2O2 content. The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) significantly increased with an increase in the level of As (both 0.25 and 0.5 mM), while the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased at higher concentration (0.5 mM). The ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities consistently increased with an increase in the As concentration, while glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased only at 0.25 mM. The monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and catalase (CAT) activities were not changed upon exposure to As. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glyoxalase I (Gly I) decreased at any levels of As, while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities decreased only upon 0.5 mM As. Exogenous NO alone had little influence on the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components compared to the control seedlings. These inhibitory effects of As were markedly recovered by supplementation with SNP; that is, the treatment with SNP increased the RWC, chl and Pro contents; AsA and GSH contents and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as the activities of MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II in the seedlings subjected to As stress. These results suggest that the exogenous application of NO rendered the plants more tolerant to As-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
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126
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Signorelli S, Corpas FJ, Borsani O, Barroso JB, Monza J. Water stress induces a differential and spatially distributed nitro-oxidative stress response in roots and leaves of Lotus japonicus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 201-202:137-46. [PMID: 23352412 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most severe problems for plant growth and productivity. Using the legume Lotus japonicus exposed to water stress, a comparative analysis of key components in metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS, respectively) were made. After water stress treatment plants accumulated proline 23 and 10-fold in roots and leaves respectively, compared with well-watered plants. Significant changes in metabolism of RNS and ROS were observed, with an increase in both protein tyrosine nitration and lipid peroxidation, which indicate that water stress induces a nitro-oxidative stress. In roots, ·NO content was increased and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity was reduced by 23%, wherein a specific protein nitration pattern was observed. As part of this response, activity of NADPH-generating dehydrogenases was also affected in roots resulting in an increase of the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio. Our results suggest that in comparison with leaves, roots are significantly affected by water stress inducing an increase in proline and NO content which could highlight multiple functions for these metabolites in water stress adaptation, recovery and signaling. Thus, it is proposed that water stress generates a spatial distribution of nitro-oxidative stress with the oxidative stress component being higher in leaves whereas the nitrosative stress component is higher in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay
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127
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Matamoros MA, Fernández-García N, Wienkoop S, Loscos J, Saiz A, Becana M. Mitochondria are an early target of oxidative modifications in senescing legume nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013. [PMID: 23206179 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodule senescence is a poorly understood process involving a decrease in N(2) fixation and an increase in proteolytic activity. Some physiological changes during nodule aging have been reported, but scarce information is available at the subcellular level. Biochemical, immunological and proteomic approaches were used to provide insight into the effects of aging on the mitochondria and cytosol of nodule host cells. In the mitochondria, the oxidative modification of lipids and proteins was associated with a marked decline in glutathione, a reduced capacity to regenerate ascorbate, and upregulation of alternative oxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase. In the cytosol, there were consistent reductions in the protein concentrations of carbon metabolism enzymes, inhibition of protein synthesis and increase in serine proteinase activity, disorganization of cytoskeleton, and a sharp reduction of cytosolic proteins, but no detectable accumulation of oxidized molecules. We conclude that nodule mitochondria are an early target of oxidative modifications and a likely source of redox signals. Alternative oxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase may play important roles in controlling ROS concentrations and the redox state of mitochondria. The finding that specific methionine residues of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoform are sulfoxidized suggests a regulatory role of this enzyme in senescing nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández-García
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Apartado 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge Loscos
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Saiz
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sánchez-Calvo B, Barroso JB, Corpas FJ. Hypothesis: Nitro-fatty acids play a role in plant metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 199-200:1-6. [PMID: 23265313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The free radical molecule nitric oxide (NO) is involved in a wide range of plant functions such as growth, senescence, fruit ripening, and responses to adverse environmental conditions. NO and NO-derived molecules peroxynitrite and S-nitrosoglutathione are reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can directly or indirectly interact with a broad spectrum of biomolecules that affect their biological functions. Plant NO research has focused on post-translational modifications in proteins, mainly S-nitrosylation and nitration. There are other potential target biomolecules in plants that have not been studied, which have been studied in animal systems, such as lipids. Nitro-fatty acids (NO(2)-FAs) are involved in pleiotropic activities in animal systems, including modulation of macrophage activation, prevention of leukocyte and platelet activation, and promotion of blood vessel relaxation. NO(2)-FAs are therefore novel mediators in NO signaling pathways and metabolism. This review will focus on these molecules and will highlight their potential in relation to the physiology of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEZ), Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, Palma JM, del Río LA. Peroxisomes as cell generators of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) signal molecules. Subcell Biochem 2013; 69:283-98. [PMID: 23821154 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a gaseous free radical with a wide range of direct and indirect actions in plant cells. However, the enzymatic sources of NO and its subcellular localization in plants are still under debate. Among the different subcellular compartments where NO has been found to be produced, peroxisomes are the best characterized since in these organelles it has been demonstrated the presence of NO and it has been biochemically characterized a L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity. This chapter summarizes the present knowledge of the NO metabolism and its derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plant peroxisomes and how this gaseous free radical is involved in natural senescence, and is released to the cytosol under salinity stress conditions acting as a signal molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080, Granada, Spain,
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130
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Sun A, Nie S, Xing D. Nitric oxide-mediated maintenance of redox homeostasis contributes to NPR1-dependent plant innate immunity triggered by lipopolysaccharides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1081-96. [PMID: 22926319 PMCID: PMC3461531 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.201798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The perception of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by plant cells can lead to nitric oxide (NO) production and defense gene induction. However, the signaling cascades underlying these cellular responses have not yet been resolved. This work investigated the biosynthetic origin of NO and the role of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) to gain insight into the mechanism involved in LPS-induced resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of inhibitors and mutants showed that LPS-induced NO synthesis was mainly mediated by an arginine-utilizing source of NO generation. Furthermore, LPS-induced NO caused transcript accumulation of alternative oxidase genes and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, which enhanced antioxidant capacity and modulated redox state. We also analyzed the subcellular localization of NPR1 to identify the mechanism for protein-modulated plant innate immunity triggered by LPS. LPS-activated defense responses, including callose deposition and defense-related gene expression, were found to be regulated through an NPR1-dependent pathway. In summary, a significant NO synthesis induced by LPS contributes to the LPS-induced defense responses by up-regulation of defense genes and modulation of cellular redox state. Moreover, NPR1 plays an important role in LPS-triggered plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Da Xing
- Corresponding author; e-mail
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131
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Piterková J, Luhová L, Hofman J, Turečková V, Novák O, Petřivalský M, Fellner M. Nitric oxide is involved in light-specific responses of tomato during germination under normal and osmotic stress conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:767-76. [PMID: 22782244 PMCID: PMC3423800 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the signalling and regulation of plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The photoperiod-sensitive mutant 7B-1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) showing abscisic acid (ABA) overproduction and blue light (BL)-specific tolerance to osmotic stress represents a valuable model to study the interaction between light, hormones and stress signalling. The role of NO as a regulator of seed germination and ABA-dependent responses to osmotic stress was explored in wild-type and 7B-1 tomato under white light (WL) and BL. METHODS Germination data were obtained from the incubation of seeds on germinating media of different composition. Histochemical analysis of NO production in germinating seeds was performed by fluorescence microscopy using a cell-permeable NO probe, and endogenous ABA was analysed by mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione stimulated seed germination, whereas the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) had an inhibitory effect. Under WL in both genotypes, PTIO strongly suppressed germination stimulated by fluridone, an ABA inhibitor. The stimulatory effect of the NO donor was also observed under osmotic stress for 7B-1 seeds under WL and BL. Seed germination inhibited by osmotic stress was restored by fluridone under WL, but less so under BL, in both genotypes. This effect of fluridone was further modulated by the NO donor and NO scavenger, but only to a minor extent. Fluorescence microscopy using the cell-permeable NO probe DAF-FM DA (4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate) revealed a higher level of NO in stressed 7B-1 compared with wild-type seeds. CONCLUSIONS As well as defective BL signalling, the differential NO-dependent responses of the 7B-1 mutant are probably associated with its high endogenous ABA concentration and related impact on hormonal cross-talk in germinating seeds. These data confirm that light-controlled seed germination and stress responses include NO-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Piterková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Martin Fellner
- Group of Molecular Physiology, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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132
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Astier J, Kulik A, Koen E, Besson-Bard A, Bourque S, Jeandroz S, Lamotte O, Wendehenne D. Protein S-nitrosylation: what's going on in plants? Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1101-10. [PMID: 22750205 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is now recognized as a key regulator of plant physiological processes. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO exerts its biological functions has been the subject of extensive research. Several components of the signaling pathways relaying NO effects in plants, including second messengers, protein kinases, phytohormones, and target genes, have been characterized. In addition, there is now compelling experimental evidence that NO partly operates through posttranslational modification of proteins, notably via S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Recently, proteome-wide scale analyses led to the identification of numerous protein candidates for S-nitrosylation in plants. Subsequent biochemical and in silico structural studies revealed certain mechanisms through which S-nitrosylation impacts their functions. Furthermore, first insights into the physiological relevance of S-nitrosylation, particularly in controlling plant immune responses, have been recently reported. Collectively, these discoveries greatly extend our knowledge of NO functions and of the molecular processes inherent to signal transduction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéremy Astier
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France
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133
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Liao WB, Huang GB, Yu JH, Zhang ML. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide alleviate drought stress in marigold explants and promote its adventitious root development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:6-15. [PMID: 22771430 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulates plant growth and development. In this study, we examined the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on adventitious rooting in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under drought stress. The results showed that the promoting effect of NO or H(2)O(2) on rooting under drought stress was dose-dependent, with a maximal biological response at 10 μM NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or 600 μM H(2)O(2). Results also indicated that endogenous NO and H(2)O(2) may play crucial roles in rooting under drought conditions, and H(2)O(2) may be involved in rooting promoted by NO under drought stress. NO or H(2)O(2) treatment attenuated the destruction of mesophyll cells ultrastructure by drought stress. Similarly, NO or H(2)O(2) increased leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, ΦPS II and qP), and hypocotyls soluble carbohydrate and protein content, while decreasing starch content. Results suggest that the protection of mesophyll cells ultrastructure by NO or H(2)O(2) under drought conditions improves the photosynthetic performance of leaves and alleviates the negative effects of drought on carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation in explants, thereby adventitious rooting being promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Biao Liao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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134
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Deckert J, Rucińska-Sobkowiak R, Gzyl J, Pawlak-Sprada S, Abramowski D, Jelonek T, Gwóźdź EA. Nitric oxide implication in cadmium-induced programmed cell death in roots and signaling response of yellow lupine plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:124-34. [PMID: 22819859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of events leading to the programmed cell death (PCD) induced by heavy metals in plants is still the object of extensive investigation. In this study we showed that roots of 3-day old yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) seedlings exposed to cadmium (Cd, 89μM CdCl(2)) resulted in PCD starting from 24h of stress duration, which was evidenced by TUNEL-positive reaction. Cd-induced PCD was preceded by a relatively early burst of nitric oxide (NO) localized mainly in the root tips. Above changes were accompanied by the NADPH-oxidase-dependent superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)) production. However, the concomitant high level of both NO and O(2)(·-) at the 24th h of Cd exposure did not provoke an enhanced peroxynitrite formation. The treatment with the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor and NO-scavenger significantly reduced O(2)(·-) and NO production, respectively, as well as diminished the pool of cells undergoing PCD. The obtained data indicate that boosted NO and O(2)(·-) production is required for Cd-induced PCD in lupine roots. Moreover, we found that in roots of 14-day old lupine plants the NO-dependent Cd-induced PCD was correlated with the enhanced level of the post-stress signals in leaves, including distal NO cross-talk with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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135
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Rasul S, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Study of oligogalacturonides-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production provokes new questioning about the origin of NO biosynthesis in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1031-3. [PMID: 22827951 PMCID: PMC3474673 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the production and function of nitric oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs as well as whole plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs). Using genetic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, we provided evidence that OGs induced a Nitrate Reductase (NR)-dependent NO production together with an increased NR activity and NR transcripts accumulation. In addition, NO production was sensitive to the mammalian NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, L-NAME impaired OG-induced NR activity and did not further affect the remaining OG-induced NO production in the nia1nia2 mutant. These data suggest that the L-arginine and NR pathways, co-involved in NO production, do not work independently. Taking account these new data, we propose scenarios to explain NO production in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Rasul
- AgroSup; UMR 1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne; UMR1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- AgroSup; UMR 1347 Agroécologie; Dijon, France
- ERL CNRS 6300; BP 86510; Dijon, France
- Correspondence to: Sylvain Jeandroz,
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136
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Rasul S, Dubreuil-Maurizi C, Lamotte O, Koen E, Poinssot B, Alcaraz G, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Nitric oxide production mediates oligogalacturonide-triggered immunity and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1483-99. [PMID: 22394204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development to environmental adaptation. In this study, we investigated the production and/or function of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf discs and plants elicited by oligogalacturonides (OGs) and challenged with Botrytis cinerea. We provided evidence that OGs triggered a fast and long lasting NO production which was Ca(2+) dependent and involved nitrate reductase (NR). Accordingly, OGs triggered an increase of both NR activity and transcript accumulation. NO production was also sensitive to the mammalian NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Intriguingly, we showed that L-NAME affected NO production by interfering with NR activity, thus questioning the mechanisms of how this compound impairs NO synthesis in plants. We further demonstrated that NO modulates RBOHD-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and participates in the regulation of OG-responsive genes such as anionic peroxidase (PER4) and a β-1,3-glucanase. Mutant plants impaired in PER4 and β-1,3-glucanase, as well as Col-0 plants treated with the NO scavenger cPTIO, were more susceptible to B. cinerea. Taken together, our investigation deciphers part of the mechanisms linking NO production, NO-induced effects and basal resistance to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rasul
- AgroSup, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, Dijon, France
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137
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Leterrier M, Airaki M, Palma JM, Chaki M, Barroso JB, Corpas FJ. Arsenic triggers the nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) metabolism in Arabidopsis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 166:136-43. [PMID: 22504427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by arsenic constitutes a problem in many countries, and its accumulation in food crops may pose health complications for humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved at various levels in the mechanism of responding to environmental stress in higher plants. Using Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to different arsenate concentrations, physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed to determine the status of ROS and RNS metabolisms. Arsenate provoked a significant reduction in growth parameters and an increase in lipid oxidation. These changes were accompanied by an alteration in antioxidative enzymes and the nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, with a significant increase in NO content, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and protein tyrosine nitration as well as a concomitant reduction in glutathione and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) content. Our results indicate that 500 μM arsenate (AsV) causes nitro-oxidative stress in Arabidopsis, being the glutathione reductase and the GSNOR activities clearly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leterrier
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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138
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Leterrier M, Barroso JB, Valderrama R, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis roots contributes in the mechanism of defence against the nitro-oxidative stress induced by salinity. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:694740. [PMID: 22649311 PMCID: PMC3354597 DOI: 10.1100/2012/694740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH regeneration appears to be essential in the mechanism of plant defence against oxidative stress. Plants contain several NADPH-generating dehydrogenases including isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and malic enzyme (ME). In Arabidopsis seedlings grown under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) the analysis of physiological parameters, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and content of superoxide radical (O2 ∙−), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) indicates a process of nitro-oxidative stress induced by NaCl. Among the analysed NADPH-generating dehydrogenases under salinity conditions, the NADP-ICDH showed the maximum activity mainly attributable to the root NADP-ICDH. Thus, these data provide new insights on the relevance of the NADP-ICDH which could be considered as a second barrier in the mechanism of response against the nitro-oxidative stress generated by salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leterrier
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
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139
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Shi HT, Li RJ, Cai W, Liu W, Fu ZW, Lu YT. In vivo role of nitric oxide in plant response to abiotic and biotic stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:437-9. [PMID: 22499209 PMCID: PMC3443929 DOI: 10.4161/psb.19219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator in many physiological events, especially in response to abiotic and biotic stress. However, the roles of NO were mostly derived from pharmacological studies or the mutants impaired NO synthesis unspecifically. In our recent study, we highlighted a novel strategy by expressing the rat neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in Arabidopsis to explore the in vivo role of NO. Our results suggested that plants were able to perform well in the constitutive presence of nNOS, and provided a new class of plant experimental system with specific in vivo NO release. Furthermore, our findings also confirmed that the in vivo NO is essential for most of environmental abiotic stresses and disease resistance against pathogen infection. Proper level of NO may be necessary and beneficial, not only in plant response to the environmental abiotic stress, but also to biotic stress.
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140
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Chaki M, Valderrama R, Fernández-Ocaña AM, Carreras A, Gómez-Rodríguez MV, López-Jaramillo J, Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Luque F, Leterrier M, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. High temperature triggers the metabolism of S-nitrosothiols in sunflower mediating a process of nitrosative stress which provokes the inhibition of ferredoxin-NADP reductase by tyrosine nitration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1803-18. [PMID: 21676000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) is considered a major abiotic stress that negatively affects both vegetative and reproductive growth. Whereas the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is well established under HT, less is known about the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings exposed to HT, NO content as well as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and expression were down-regulated with the simultaneous accumulation of total S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) including S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). However, the content of tyrosine nitration (NO(2) -Tyr) studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and by confocal laser scanning microscope was induced. Nitroproteome analysis under HT showed that this stress induced the protein expression of 13 tyrosine-nitrated proteins. Among the induced proteins, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) was selected to evaluate the effect of nitration on its activity after heat stress and in vitro conditions using 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (peroxynitrite donor) as the nitrating agent, the FNR activity being inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that HT augments SNOs, which appear to mediate protein tyrosine nitration, inhibiting FNR, which is involved in the photosynthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chaki
- Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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141
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Airaki M, Sánchez-Moreno L, Leterrier M, Barroso JB, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Detection and quantification of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant organs by LC-ES/MS. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:2006-15. [PMID: 21965607 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the major, soluble, low molecular weight antioxidants, as well as the major non-protein thiol in plant cells. However, the relevance of this molecule could be even greater considering that it can react with nitric oxide (NO) to generate S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) which is considered to function as a mobile reservoir of NO bioactivity in plants. Although this NO-derived molecule has an increased physiological and phytopathological relevance in plants cells, its identification and quantification in plant tissues have not be reported so far. Using liquid chromatography-electrospray/mass spectrometry (LC-ES/MS), a method was set up to detect and quantify simultaneously GSNO as well reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) in different pepper plant organs including roots, stems and leaves, and in Arabidopsis leaves. The analysis of NO and GSNO reductase (GSNOR) activity in these pepper organs showed that the content of GSNO was directly related to the content of NO in each organ and oppositely related to the GSNOR activity. This approach opens up new analytical possibilities to understand the relevance of GSNO in plant cells under physiological and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Airaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Sistemas Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain
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