101
|
Ye L, Sun Y, Jiang Z, Wang G. L-Serine, an Endogenous Amino Acid, Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Disease and Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:726665. [PMID: 34552468 PMCID: PMC8450333 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.726665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) lesions are major causes of human death and disability worldwide, and they cause different extents of motor and sensory dysfunction in patients. Thus, it is crucial to develop new effective neuroprotective drugs and approaches targeted to the heterogeneous nature of CNS injury and disease. L-serine is an indispensable neurotrophic factor and a precursor for neurotransmitters. Although L-serine is a native amino acid supplement, its metabolic products have been shown to be essential not only for cell proliferation but also for neuronal development and specific functions in the brain. Growing evidence has suggested that L-serine regulates the release of several cytokines in the brain under some neuropathological conditions to recover cognitive function, improve cerebral blood flow, inhibit inflammation, promote remyelination and exert other neuroprotective effects on neurological injury. L-serine has also been used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, psychosis, and Alzheimer’s Disease as well as other neurological diseases. Furthermore, the dosing of animals with L-serine and human clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effects of L-serine generally support the safety of L-serine. The high significance of this review lies in its emphasis on the therapeutic potential of using L-serine as a general treatment for numerous CNS diseases and injuries. Because L-serine performs a broad spectrum of functions, it may be clinically used as an effective neuroprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ye
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yechao Sun
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhenglin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Lipid Self-Assemblies under the Atomic Force Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810085. [PMID: 34576248 PMCID: PMC8467407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid model membranes are important tools in the study of biophysical processes such as lipid self-assembly and lipid–lipid interactions in cell membranes. The use of model systems to adequate and modulate complexity helps in the understanding of many events that occur in cellular membranes, that exhibit a wide variety of components, including lipids of different subfamilies (e.g., phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols…), in addition to proteins and sugars. The capacity of lipids to segregate by themselves into different phases at the nanoscale (nanodomains) is an intriguing feature that is yet to be fully characterized in vivo due to the proposed transient nature of these domains in living systems. Model lipid membranes, instead, have the advantage of (usually) greater phase stability, together with the possibility of fully controlling the system lipid composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to detect the presence of meso- and nanodomains in a lipid membrane. It also allows the direct quantification of nanomechanical resistance in each phase present. In this review, we explore the main kinds of lipid assemblies used as model membranes and describe AFM experiments on model membranes. In addition, we discuss how these assemblies have extended our knowledge of membrane biophysics over the last two decades, particularly in issues related to the variability of different model membranes and the impact of supports/cytoskeleton on lipid behavior, such as segregated domain size or bilayer leaflet uncoupling.
Collapse
|
103
|
Tiwari A, Singh A, Verma S, Stephenson S, Bhowmick T, Sangwan VS. Mini Review: Current Trends and Understanding of Exosome Therapeutic Potential in Corneal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684712. [PMID: 34489693 PMCID: PMC8417240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted by most cell types. They are nanosized EVs ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The membrane-enclosed bodies originate by the process of endocytosis and mainly comprise DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids. Exosomes not only act as cell-to-cell communication signaling mediators but also have the potential to act as biomarkers for clinical application and as a promising carrier for drug delivery. Unfortunately, the purification methods for exosomes remain an obstacle. While most of the exosome researches are mainly focused on cancer, there are limited studies highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, specifically cornea-associated pathologies. Here, we summarize a brief description of exosome biogenesis, roles of exosomes and exosome-based therapies in corneal pathologies, and exosome bioengineering for tissue-specific therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tiwari
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Singh
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Verma
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarah Stephenson
- Pandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India.,Department of Surgery/Division of Transplant Surgery, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tuhin Bhowmick
- Pandorum Technologies Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Ke W, Afonin KA. Exosomes as natural delivery carriers for programmable therapeutic nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113835. [PMID: 34144087 PMCID: PMC8440450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in nanotechnology and therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), various nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have demonstrated great promise in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the full realization of NANPs' potential necessitates the development of a safe, efficient, biocompatible, stable, tissue-specific, and non-immunogenic delivery system. Exosomes, the smallest extracellular vesicles and an endogenous source of nanocarriers, offer these advantages while avoiding complications associated with manufactured agents. The lipid membranes of exosomes surround a hydrophilic core, allowing for the simultaneous incorporation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins. Additional capabilities for post-isolation exosome surface modifications with imaging agents, targeting ligands, and covalent linkages also pave the way for their diverse biomedical applications. This review focuses on exosomes: their biogenesis, intracellular trafficking, transportation capacities, and applications with emphasis on the delivery of TNAs and programmable NANPs. We also highlight some of the current challenges and discuss opportunities related to the development of therapeutic exosome-based formulations and their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Barron K, Ogretmen B, Krupenko N. Ceramide synthase 6 mediates sex-specific metabolic response to dietary folic acid in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108832. [PMID: 34358645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid-fortified foods and multi-vitamin supplements containing folic acid (FA) are widely used around the world, but the exact mechanisms/metabolic effects of FA are not precisely identified. We have demonstrated that Ceramide Synthase 6 (CerS6) and C16:0-ceramide mediate response to folate stress in cultured cells. Here we investigated the dietary FA effects on mouse liver metabolome, with a specific focus on sphingolipids, CerS6 and C16:0-ceramide. Wild-type and CerS6-/- mice were fed FA-deficient, control, or FA over-supplemented diets for 4 weeks. After dietary treatment, liver concentrations of ceramides, sphingomyelins and hexosylceramides were measured by LC-MS/MS and complemented by untargeted metabolomic characterization of mouse livers. Our study shows that alterations in dietary FA elicit multiple sphingolipid responses mediated by CerS6 in mouse livers. Folic acid-deficient diet elevated C14:0-, C18:0- and C20:0- but not C16:0-ceramide in WT male and female mice. Additionally, FA over-supplementation increased multiple sphingomyelin species, including total sphingomyelins, in both sexes. Of note, concentrations of C14:0- and C16:0-ceramides and hexosylceramides were significantly higher in female livers than in male. The latter were increased by FD diet, with no difference between sexes in total pools of these sphingolipid classes. Untargeted liver metabolomic analysis concurred with the targeted measurements and showed broad effects of dietary FA and CerS6 status on multiple lipid classes including sex-specific effects on phosphatidylethanolamines and diacylglycerols. Our study demonstrates that both dietary FA and CerS6 status exhibit pleiotropic and sex-dependent effects on liver metabolism, including hepatic sphingolipids, diacylglycerols, long chain fatty acids, and phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keri Barron
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Natalia Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina,; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Deshpande D, Gupta SK, Sarma AS, Ranganath P, Jain S JMN, Sheth J, Mistri M, Gupta N, Kabra M, Phadke SR, Girisha KM, Dua Puri R, Aggarwal S, Datar C, Mandal K, Tilak P, Muranjan M, Bijarnia-Mahay S, Rama Devi A R, Tayade NB, Ranjan A, Dalal AB. Functional characterization of novel variants in SMPD1 in Indian patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1336-1350. [PMID: 34273913 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variations in SMPD1 lead to acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), that is, Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type A and B (NPA, NPB), which is a recessive lysosomal storage disease. The knowledge of variant spectrum in Indian patients is crucial for early and accurate NPD diagnosis and genetic counseling of families. In this study, we recruited 40 unrelated pediatric patients manifesting symptoms of ASMD and subnormal ASM enzyme activity. Variations in SMPD1 were studied using Sanger sequencing for all exons, followed by interpretation of variants based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics & Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) criteria. We identified 18 previously unreported variants and 21 known variants, including missense, nonsense, deletions, duplications, and splice site variations with disease-causing potential. Eight missense variants were functionally characterized using in silico molecular dynamic simulation and in vitro transient transfection in HEK293T cells, followed by ASM enzyme assay, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence studies. All the variants showed reduced ASM activity in transfected cells confirming their disease-causing potential. The study provides data for efficient prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with NPD type A and B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Deshpande
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Computational and Functional Genomics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Asodu Sandeep Sarma
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jamal Md Nurul Jain S
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Mistri
- Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Aggarwal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chaitanya Datar
- Bharati Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preetha Tilak
- Division of Human Genetics, St. John's National Academy of Health, Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamta Muranjan
- Genetic Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Naresh B Tayade
- Life Care Hospital, Amravati, India.,Dr. Panjabarao Deshmukh Medical College Amravati, India
| | - Akash Ranjan
- Laboratory of Computational and Functional Genomics, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashwin B Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Barrett L, Dai L, Wang S, Qin Z. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and extracellular vesicles. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3294-3299. [PMID: 33415746 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) represents the etiological agent for several human malignancies, including Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), which develop mainly in immunocompromised patients. KSHV has established many strategies to hijack and thwart the host's immune responses, including through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs represent a significant mode of intercellular communication as they carry a variety of molecules that can be delivered from cell-to-cell. EVs are now recognized as one of the major players in immune system development and function during both innate and adaptive immune responses. In the current mini-review, we summarize recent findings on how KSHV utilizes EVs to create favorable environments for viral spread and persistence while evading immune responses. We also discuss the limitations and unanswered questions in this field and the potential areas for related immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Barrett
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Liu L, Yang C, Qiu T, Shen X, Liu B, Qi X, Song G. Hydrogen alleviates acute lung injury induced by limb ischaemia/reperfusion in mice. Life Sci 2021; 279:119659. [PMID: 34052293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Limb ischaemia/reperfusion (LIR) occurs in various clinical conditions including critical limb ischaemia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and traumatic arterial injury. Reperfusion of the acutely ischemic limb can lead to a systemic inflammation response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, further resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Molecular hydrogen exhibits therapeutic activity for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Our study investigated the possible therapeutic effects of hydrogen and its mechanism of action in a LIR-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Limb ischaemia/-reperfusion model was established in mice. The hydrogen-saturated saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Autophagy-related molecules were evaluated by western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by assay kits. Quantification of ceramides in lung was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. KEY FINDINGS Molecular hydrogen exhibited a protective effect on the LIR-induced ALI model. Hydrogen decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues. Additionally, hydrogen activated Nrf2 signalling in lung tissues. Hydrogen could inhibit the upregulation of autophagy in the present rodent model. Furthermore, ceramide was accumulated in lung tissues because of LIR; however, hydrogen altered the accumulation status. SIGNIFICANCE Molecular hydrogen was found to be therapeutically effective in the LIR-induced ALI model; the mechanisms of action included modulation of antioxidation and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Taian City central Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian 271000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271000, China
| | - Tingting Qiu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271000, China
| | - Boyan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guohua Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Different Lipid Signature in Fibroblasts of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051239. [PMID: 34069977 PMCID: PMC8157847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAOD) are a group of diseases affecting the degradation of long-chain fatty acids. In order to investigate the disease specific alterations of the cellular lipidome, we performed undirected lipidomics in fibroblasts from patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. We demonstrate a deep remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipins. The aberrant phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and the increased content of plasmalogens and of lysophospholipids support the theory of an inflammatory phenotype in lc-FAOD. Moreover, we describe increased ratios of sphingomyelin/ceramide and sphingomyelin/hexosylceramide in LCHAD deficiency which may contribute to the neuropathic phenotype of LCHADD/mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency.
Collapse
|
110
|
Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Infanger D, Teav T, Wagner J, Knaier R, Colledge F, Streese L, Königstein K, Hinrichs T, Hanssen H, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Metabolic View on Human Healthspan: A Lipidome-Wide Association Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050287. [PMID: 33946321 PMCID: PMC8146132 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As ageing is a major risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases, extending healthspan has become a medical and societal necessity. Precise lipid phenotyping that captures metabolic individuality could support healthspan extension strategies. This study applied ‘omic-scale lipid profiling to characterise sex-specific age-related differences in the serum lipidome composition of healthy humans. A subset of the COmPLETE-Health study, composed of 73 young (25.2 ± 2.6 years, 43% female) and 77 aged (73.5 ± 2.3 years, 48% female) clinically healthy individuals, was investigated, using an untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. Compared to their younger counterparts, aged females and males exhibited significant higher levels in 138 and 107 lipid species representing 15 and 13 distinct subclasses, respectively. Percentage of difference ranged from 5.8% to 61.7% (females) and from 5.3% to 46.0% (males), with sphingolipid and glycerophophospholipid species displaying the greatest amplitudes. Remarkably, specific sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid species, previously described as cardiometabolically favourable, were found elevated in aged individuals. Furthermore, specific ether-glycerophospholipid and lyso-glycerophosphocholine species displayed higher levels in aged females only, revealing a more favourable lipidome evolution in females. Altogether, age determined the circulating lipidome composition, while lipid species analysis revealed additional findings that were not observed at the subclass level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) refer to vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular space. EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication via delivery of functional biomolecules between host and recipient cells. EVs can be categorised based on their mode of biogenesis and secretion and include apoptotic bodies, ectosomes or shedding microvesicles and exosomes among others. EVs have gained immense interest in recent years owing to their implications in pathophysiological conditions. Indeed, EVs have been proven useful in clinical applications as potential drug delivery vehicles and as source of diagnostic biomarkers. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the clinical benefits, the processes involved in the biogenesis of EVs are poorly understood. Hence, it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular machineries that ultimately govern the biogenesis and secretion of EVs. This chapter discusses the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of various subtypes of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ishara Atukorala
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Song JH, Kim GT, Park KH, Park WJ, Park TS. Bioactive Sphingolipids as Major Regulators of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:373-383. [PMID: 33903284 PMCID: PMC8255146 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaque in the main arteries. It is an inflammatory condition involving the accumulation of macrophages and various lipids (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, ceramide, S1P). Moreover, endothelial cells, macrophages, leukocytes, and smooth muscle cells are the major players in the atherogenic process. Sphingolipids are now emerging as important regulators in various pathophysiological processes, including the atherogenic process. Various sphingolipids exist, such as the ceramides, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingomyelin, and hundreds of glycosphingolipids. Among these, ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and S1P play important roles in the atherogenic processes. The atherosclerotic plaque consists of higher amounts of ceramide, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelin. The inhibition of the de novo ceramide biosynthesis reduces the development of atherosclerosis. S1P regulates atherogenesis via binding to the S1P receptor (S1PR). Among the five S1PRs (S1PR1-5), S1PR1 and S1PR3 mainly exert anti-atherosclerotic properties. This review mainly focuses on the effects of ceramide and S1P via the S1PR in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it discusses the recent findings and potential therapeutic implications in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Park
- Department of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Jeyaraj M, Kim JH. Palladium Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulation Enhance the Biogenesis and Release of Exosome in Human Leukemia Monocytic Cells (THP-1). Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2849-2877. [PMID: 33883895 PMCID: PMC8055296 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s305269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are endosome-derived nano-sized vesicles that have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and play significant roles in various diseases. However, their applications are rigorously restricted by the limited secretion competence of cells. Therefore, strategies to enhance the production and functions of exosomes are warranted. Studies have shown that nanomaterials can significantly enhance the effects of cells and exosomes in intercellular communication; however, how palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) enhance exosome release in human leukemia monocytic cells (THP-1) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to address the effect of PdNPs on exosome biogenesis and release in THP-1 cells. Methods Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and ExoQuickTM and characterized by dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis system, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, EXOCETTM assay, and fluorescence polarization. The expression levels of exosome markers were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results PdNP treatment enhanced the biogenesis and release of exosomes by inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and immunomodulation. The exosomes were spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 50–80 nm. Exosome production was confirmed via total protein concentration, exosome counts, acetylcholinesterase activity, and neutral sphingomyelinase activity. The expression levels of TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 were significantly higher in PdNP-treated cells than in control cells. Further, cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly higher in exosomes isolated from PdNP-treated THP-1 cells than in those isolated from control cells. THP-1 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine or GW4869 showed significant decreases in PdNP-induced exosome biogenesis and release. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that PdNPs stimulate exosome biogenesis and release and simultaneously increase the levels of cytokines and chemokines by modulating various physiological processes. Our findings suggest a reasonable approach to improve the production of exosomes for various therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muniyandi Jeyaraj
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Kurian TK, Banik S, Gopal D, Chakrabarti S, Mazumder N. Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:249-266. [PMID: 33492613 PMCID: PMC7940341 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talitha Keren Kurian
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Dharshini Gopal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Shweta Chakrabarti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Xiao L, Hareendran S, Loh YP. Function of exosomes in neurological disorders and brain tumors. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 2:55-79. [PMID: 34368812 PMCID: PMC8341051 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from different cell types including those in the nervous system, and are enriched in a variety of bioactive molecules such as RNAs, proteins and lipids. Numerous studies have indicated that exosomes play a critical role in many physiological and pathological activities by facilitating intercellular communication and modulating cells' responses to external environments. Particularly in the central nervous system, exosomes have been implicated to play a role in many neurological disorders such as abnormal neuronal development, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, mental disorders, stroke, brain injury and brain cancer. Since exosomes recapitulate the characteristics of the parental cells and have the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, their cargo can serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and clinical assessment of disease treatment. In this review, we describe the latest findings and current knowledge of the roles exosomes play in various neurological disorders and brain cancer, as well as their application as promising biomarkers. The potential use of exosomes to deliver therapeutic molecules to treat diseases of the central nervous system is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sangeetha Hareendran
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Guan Z, Liu Y, Liu C, Wang H, Feng J, Yang G. Staphylococcus aureus β-Hemolysin Up-Regulates the Expression of IFN-γ by Human CD56 bright NK Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:658141. [PMID: 33854984 PMCID: PMC8039520 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.658141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is produced upon stimulation with S. aureus and may play a detrimental role during infection. However, whether hemolysins play a role in the mechanism of IFN-γ production has not been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that Hlb, one of the major hemolysins of S. aureus, upregulated IFN-γ production by CD56bright NK cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further investigation showed that Hlb increased calcium influx and induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Either blocking calcium or specifically inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 decreased the production of IFN-γ induced by Hlb. Moreover, we found that this process was dependent on the sphingomyelinase activity of Hlb. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of IFN-γ production in NK cells induced by Hlb, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchun Guan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghua Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Kim JL, Mestre B, Shin SH, Futerman AH. Ceramide synthases: Reflections on the impact of Dr. Lina M. Obeid. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109958. [PMID: 33607256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a family of lipids that are critical to cell function and survival. Much of the recent work done on sphingolipids has been performed by a closely-knit family of sphingolipid researchers, which including our colleague, Dr. Lina Obeid, who recently passed away. We now briefly review where the sphingolipid field stands today, focusing in particular on areas of sphingolipid research to which Dr. Obeid made valued contributions. These include the 'many-worlds' view of ceramides and the role of a key enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, namely the ceramide synthases (CerS). The CerS contain a number of functional domains and also interact with a number of other proteins in lipid metabolic pathways, fulfilling Dr. Obeid's prophecy that ceramides, and the enzymes that generate ceramides, form the critical hub of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Beatriz Mestre
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
D'Aprile C, Prioni S, Mauri L, Prinetti A, Grassi S. Lipid rafts as platforms for sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and signalling. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109929. [PMID: 33493577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous segregation of cholesterol and sphingolipids as a liquid-ordered phase leads to their clustering in selected membrane areas, the lipid rafts. These specialized membrane domains enriched in gangliosides, sphingomyelin, cholesterol and selected proteins involved in signal transduction, organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating cell homeostasis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate, an important biologically active mediator, is involved in several signal transduction processes regulating a plethora of cell functions and, not only several of its downstream effectors tend to localize in lipid rafts, some of the enzymes involved in its pathway, of receptors involved in its signalling and its transporters have been often found in these membrane microdomains. Considering this, in this review we address what is currently known regarding the relationship between sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and signalling and plasma membrane lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Aprile
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Claus RA, Graeler MH. Sphingolipidomics in Translational Sepsis Research-Biomedical Considerations and Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616578. [PMID: 33553212 PMCID: PMC7854573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific Background: Sphingolipids are a highly diverse group of lipids with respect to physicochemical properties controlling either structure, distribution, or function, all of them regulating cellular response in health and disease. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is an analytical technique characterizing ionized molecules or fragments thereof by mass-to-charge ratios, which has been prosperingly developed for rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative identification of lipid species. Parallel to best performance of in-depth chromatographical separation of lipid classes, preconditions of precise quantitation of unique molecular species by preprocessing of biological samples have to be fulfilled. As a consequence, “lipid profiles” across model systems and human individuals, esp. complex (clinical) samples, have become eminent over the last couple of years due to sensitivity, specificity, and discriminatory capability. Therefore, it is significance to consider the entire experimental strategy from sample collection and preparation, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. Areas Covered: In this review, we outline considerations with clinical (i.e., human) samples with special emphasis on sample handling, specific physicochemical properties, target measurements, and resulting profiling of sphingolipids in biomedicine and translational research to maximize sensitivity and specificity as well as to provide robust and reproducible results. A brief commentary is also provided regarding new insights of “clinical sphingolipidomics” in translational sepsis research. Expert Opinion: The role of mass spectrometry of sphingolipids and related species (“sphingolipidomics”) to investigate cellular and compartment-specific response to stress, e.g., in generalized infection and sepsis, is on the rise and the ability to integrate multiple datasets from diverse classes of biomolecules by mass spectrometry measurements and metabolomics will be crucial to fostering our understanding of human health as well as response to disease and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Graeler
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Care & Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Liu J, Li J, Yang K, Leng J, Li W, Yang W, Huo X, Yu Z, Cw Ma R, Hu G, Fang Z, Yang X. Ceramides and their interactive effects with trimethylamine-N-oxide metabolites on risk of gestational diabetes: A nested case-control study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108606. [PMID: 33310119 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore associations between ceramides in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); and interactions between ceramides and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolites for GDM. METHODS We organized a 1:1 nested case-control study (n = 486) from a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Conditional logistic regression and additive interaction were performed to examine relationships between ceramides and TMAO metabolites for GDM. We defined trimethylamine (TMA) conversion ratio (TMAR) as TMA/its precursors and TMAO conversion ratio (TMAOR) as TMAO/TMA. Copresence of high TMAR and low TMAOR indicated TMA accumulation status. RESULTS High ceramides 18:0 (per SD), 18:1 (per SD) and low ceramide 24:0 (≤ 3.60 nmol/mL) were associated with increased GDM risk (OR: 1.69, 1.72 & 3.59, respectively). High TMA enhanced the OR of low ceramide 24:0 for GDM from 1.53 (95%CI: 0.88-2.66) to 10.3 (2.83-37.5), high TMAR enhanced it from 1.31 (0.67-2.56) to 24.3 (6.57-89.5) and TMA accumulation enhanced it from 1.42 (0.72-2.77) to 25.5 (6.80-95.7), with all additive interactions being significant. However, the interactions between high ceramide 18 and TMAO metabolites were not significant. CONCLUSIONS High ceramides 18:0, 18:1 and low ceramide 24:0 in early pregnancy were associated with increased GDM risk. Notably, TMA accumulation greatly amplified the risk-promoting effect of low ceramide 24:0 for GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax 15000, Canada
| | - Ronald Cw Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Ventura AE, Santos TCB, Marquês JT, de Almeida RFM, Silva LC. Biophysical Analysis of Lipid Domains by Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2187:223-245. [PMID: 32770510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0814-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of the structure and dynamics of membrane domains in vivo is a challenging task. However, major advances could be achieved through the application of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques coupled with the use of model membranes, where the relations between lipid composition and the type, amount and properties of the domains present can be quantitatively studied.This chapter provides protocols to study membrane organization and visualize membrane domains by fluorescence microscopy both in artificial membrane and living cell models of Gaucher Disease (GD ). We describe a bottom-up multiprobe methodology, which enables understanding how the specific lipid interactions established by glucosylceramide, the lipid that accumulates in GD , affect the biophysical properties of model and cell membranes, focusing on its ability to influence the formation, properties and organization of lipid raft domains. In this context, we address the preparation of (1) raft-mimicking giant unilamellar vesicles labeled with a combination of fluorophores that allow for the visualization and comprehensive characterization of those membrane domains and (2) human fibroblasts exhibiting GD phenotype to assess the biophysical properties of biological membrane in living cells using fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Ventura
- Research Institute for medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CQFM-IN and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia C B Santos
- Research Institute for medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CQFM-IN and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim T Marquês
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química Estrutural, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química Estrutural, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Research Institute for medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Lam BWS, Yam TYA, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Ong WY, Herr DR. The noncanonical chronicles: Emerging roles of sphingolipid structural variants. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109890. [PMID: 33359087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) are structurally diverse and represent one of the most quantitatively abundant classes of lipids in mammalian cells. In addition to their structural roles, many SP species are known to be bioactive mediators of essential cellular processes. Historically, studies have focused on SP species that contain the canonical 18‑carbon, mono-unsaturated sphingoid backbone. However, increasingly sensitive analytical technologies, driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have facilitated the identification of previously under-appreciated, molecularly distinct SP species. Many of these less abundant species contain noncanonical backbones. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have identified clinical associations between these noncanonical SPs and disease, suggesting that there is functional significance to the alteration of SP backbone structure. For example, associations have been found between SP chain length and cardiovascular disease, pain, diabetes, and dementia. This review will provide an overview of the processes that are known to regulate noncanonical SP accumulation, describe the clinical correlations reported for these molecules, and review the experimental evidence for the potential functional implications of their dysregulation. It is likely that further scrutiny of noncanonical SPs may provide new insight into pathophysiological processes, serve as useful biomarkers for disease, and lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Wang L, Tran A, Lee J, Belsham DD. Palmitate differentially regulates Spexin, and its receptors Galr2 and Galr3, in GnRH neurons through mechanisms involving PKC, MAPKs, and TLR4. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110991. [PMID: 32841709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The function of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron is critical to maintain reproductive function and a significant decrease in GnRH can lead to disorders affecting fertility, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Spexin (SPX) is a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide that exerts inhibitory effects on reproduction and feeding by acting through galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and galanin receptor 3 (GALR3). Fatty acids can act as nutritional signals that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and elevated levels of circulating saturated fatty acids associated with high fat diet (HFD)-feeding have been shown to induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hormonal resistance in the hypothalamus, as well as alter neuropeptide expression. We previously demonstrated that palmitate, the most common saturated fatty acid in a HFD, elevates the expression of Spx, Galr2 and Galr3 mRNA in a model of appetite-regulating neuropeptide Y hypothalamic neurons. Here, we found that Spx, Galr2 and Galr3 mRNA were also significantly induced by palmitate in a model of reproductive GnRH neurons, mHypoA-GnRH/GFP. As a follow-up to our previous report, we examined the molecular pathways by which Spx and galanin receptor mRNA was regulated in this cell line. Furthermore, we performed inhibitor studies, which revealed that the effect of palmitate on Spx and Galr3 mRNA involved activation of the innate immune receptor TLR4, and we detected differential regulation of the three genes by the protein kinases PKC, JNK, ERK, and p38. However, the intracellular metabolism of palmitate to ceramide did not appear to be involved in the palmitate-mediated gene regulation. Overall, this suggests that SPX may play a role in reproduction at the level of the hypothalamus and the pathways by which Spx, Galr2 and Galr3 are altered by fatty acids could provide insight into the mechanisms underlying reproductive dysfunction in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy Tran
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliette Lee
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Associations between plasma ceramides and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
125
|
Bouscary A, Quessada C, René F, Spedding M, Turner BJ, Henriques A, Ngo ST, Loeffler JP. Sphingolipids metabolism alteration in the central nervous system: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:82-91. [PMID: 33160824 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are complex lipids. They play a structural role in neurons, but are also involved in regulating cellular communication, and neuronal differentiation and maturation. There is increasing evidence to suggest that dysregulated metabolism of sphingolipids is linked to neurodegenerative processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease and Gaucher's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of sphingolipids in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. We describe the implications of altered metabolism of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases, with a primary focus on ALS. Finally, we provide an update of potential treatments that could be used to target the metabolism of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bouscary
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Spedding
- Spedding Research Solutions SAS, 6 rue Ampere, 78650 Le Vesinet, France
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, Brisbane city, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute Building 79, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Deb A, Gupta S, Mazumder PB. Exosomes: A new horizon in modern medicine. Life Sci 2020; 264:118623. [PMID: 33096118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles belonging to endocytic origin. These vesicles carry different biological cargo that play numerous physiological roles and is also indicative of different diseased state. Exosomes are considered as promising tools for therapeutic drug delivery, owing to their intrinsic features like stability, biocompatibility and a capacity of stealth. A clearer understanding of the composition, biogenesis and biology of exosomes can provide us with better insights into the pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles of these extracellular vesicles. In this review we have summarize existing literature regarding the production, efficacy, action mechanism, and potential therapeutic roles of exosomes in the contexts of various diseases such as cancer, renal disease, neurological disorders, cardio-vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and some of the auto-immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Deb
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
| | - P B Mazumder
- Natural Product & Biomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Field BC, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. The Role of Ceramides in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Regulation of Ceramides by Adipokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:569250. [PMID: 33133017 PMCID: PMC7564167 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.569250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is intertwined with the pathophysiology of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recently, one particular lipid class has been shown to influence the development and sustainment of these diseases: ceramides. As a subtype of sphingolipids, these species are particularly central to many sphingolipid pathways. Increased levels of ceramides are known to correlate with impaired cardiovascular and metabolic health. Furthermore, the interaction between ceramides and adipokines, most notably adiponectin and leptin, appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Adiponectin appears to counteract the detrimental effects of elevated ceramides, largely through activation of the ceramidase activity of its receptors. Elevated ceramides appear to worsen leptin resistance, which is an important phenomenon in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. Field
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Ventura A, Varela A, Dingjan T, Santos T, Fedorov A, Futerman A, Prieto M, Silva L. Lipid domain formation and membrane shaping by C24-ceramide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
129
|
You Q, Peng Q, Yu Z, Jin H, Zhang J, Sun W, Huang Y. Plasma lipidomic analysis of sphingolipids in patients with large artery atherosclerosis cerebrovascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201519. [PMID: 32830858 PMCID: PMC7502657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids mainly consist of ceramides (Cer), sphingomyelins (SM) and glycosphingolipids. Sphingolipids are related with coronary heart disease and metabolic disease, but there're few studies about cerebrovascular disease. The purpose was to detect sphingolipids in plasma of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) cerebrovascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) to explore the similarities and differences of pathogenesis of the two subtypes. METHODS 20 patients with LAA cerebrovascular disease, 20 patients with age-related CSVD, 10 patients with Fabry disease and 14 controls were enrolled from October 2017 to January 2019. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to determine sphingolipids. Univariate combined with multivariate analysis was used for comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine sensitivities and specificities. RESULTS 276 sphingolipids were detected, including 39 Cer, 3 ceramide phosphates, 72 glycosphingolipids and 162 SM. (1) Cer (d36:3), Cer (d34:2), Cer (d38:6), Cer (d36:4) and Cer (d16:0/18:1) were increased in LAA; SM (d34:1), Cer (d34:2), Cer (d36:4), Cer (d16:0/18:1), Cer (d38:6), Cer (d36:3) and Cer (d32:0) were increased in age-related CSVD. (2) Cer (d36:4) and SM (d34:1) were increased in age-related CSVD compared with LAA. (3) Total trihexosyl ceramides were increased in Fabry group compared with control (P<0.05); SM (d34:1) was increased in Fabry group. CONCLUSIONS Ceramides are increased in both LAA and age-related CSVD, which may be related to similar risk factors and pathophysiological process of arteriosclerosis; SM is increased in both age-related CSVD and Fabry disease, suggesting that increased SM may be associated with CSVD. Glycosphingolipids, trihexosylceramides in particular, are increased in Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian You
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Zemou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital 100034, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197055. [PMID: 32992741 PMCID: PMC7582726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, considered as cell debris or garbage bags, have been later characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The constituents and the rate of exosomes formation differ in different pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes are also observed and studied in different parts of the eye, like the retina, cornea, aqueous, and vitreous humor. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes. The role of exosomes in eye cancers, especially retinoblastoma (RB), is not well explored, although few studies point towards their presence. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that constitutes 3% of cases of cancer in children. Diagnosis of RB may require invasive procedures, which might lead to the spread of the disease to other parts. Due to this reason, better ways of diagnosis are being explored. Studies on the exosomes in RB tumors and serum might help designing better diagnostic approaches for RB. In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the same targets in the proteins identified in RB tumor exosomes. Overall this review provides the up-to-date progress in the area of eye exosome research, with an emphasis on RB.
Collapse
|
131
|
González-Ramírez EJ, García-Arribas AB, Sot J, Goñi FM, Alonso A. C24:0 and C24:1 sphingolipids in cholesterol-containing, five- and six-component lipid membranes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14085. [PMID: 32839481 PMCID: PMC7445262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biophysical properties of sphingolipids containing lignoceric (C24:0) or nervonic (C24:1) fatty acyl residues have been studied in multicomponent lipid bilayers containing cholesterol (Chol), by means of confocal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy. Lipid membranes composed of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were prepared, with the addition of different combinations of ceramides (C24:0 and/or C24:1) and sphingomyelins (C24:0 and/or C24:1). Results point to C24:0 sphingolipids, namely lignoceroyl sphingomyelin (lSM) and lignoceroyl ceramide (lCer), having higher membrane rigidifying properties than their C24:1 homologues (nervonoyl SM, nSM, or nervonoyl Cer, nCer), although with a similar strong capacity to induce segregated gel phases. In the case of the lSM-lCer multicomponent system, the segregated phases have a peculiar fibrillar or fern-like morphology. Moreover, the combination of C24:0 and C24:1 sphingolipids generates interesting events, such as a generalized bilayer dynamism/instability of supported planar bilayers. In some cases, these sphingolipids give rise to exothermic curves in thermograms. These peculiar features were not present in previous studies of C24:1 combined with C16:0 sphingolipids. Conclusions of our study point to nSM as a key factor governing the relative distribution of ceramides when both lCer and nCer are present. The data indicate that lCer could be easier to accommodate in multicomponent bilayers than its C16:0 counterpart. These results are relevant for events of membrane platform formation, in the context of sphingolipid-based signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aritz B García-Arribas
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Liessi N, Pesce E, Braccia C, Bertozzi SM, Giraudo A, Bandiera T, Pedemonte N, Armirotti A. Distinctive lipid signatures of bronchial epithelial cells associated with cystic fibrosis drugs, including Trikafta. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138722. [PMID: 32673287 PMCID: PMC7455125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of drugs have been approved for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). Among them, newly released Trikafta, a combination of 3 drugs (VX-661/VX-445/VX-770), holds great promise to radically improve the quality of life for a large portion of patients with CF carrying 1 copy of F508del, the most frequent CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation. Currently available disease-modifying CF drugs work by rescuing the function of the mutated CFTR anion channel. Recent research has shown that membrane lipids, and the cell lipidome in general, play a significant role in the mechanism of CFTR-defective trafficking and, on the other hand, its rescue. In this paper, by using untargeted lipidomics on CFBE41o- cells, we identified distinctive changes in the bronchial epithelial cell lipidome associated with treatment with Trikafta and other CF drugs. Particularly interesting was the reduction of levels of ceramide, a known molecular player in the induction of apoptosis, which appeared to be associated with a decrease in the susceptibility of cells to undergo apoptosis. This evidence could account for additional beneficial roles of the triple combination of drugs on CF phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Liessi
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pesce
- L'Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Genetica Medica, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Clarissa Braccia
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- L'Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Genetica Medica, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Tran TT, Tran PH. Lead Compounds in the Context of Extracellular Vesicle Research. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E716. [PMID: 32751565 PMCID: PMC7463631 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as exosomes, have been flourishing in the last decade with several achievements, from advancing biochemical knowledge to use in biomedical applications. Physiological changes of sEVs due to the variety of cargos they carry undoubtedly leave an impression that affects the understanding of the mechanism underlying disease and the development of sEV-based shuttles used for treatments and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Indeed, the remarkable properties of sEVs are based on their nature, which helps shield them from recognition by the immune system, protects their payload from biochemical degradation, and contributes to their ability to translocate and convey information between cells and their inherent ability to target disease sites such as tumors that is valid for sEVs derived from cancer cells. However, their transport, biogenesis, and secretion mechanisms are still not thoroughly clear, and many ongoing investigations seek to determine how these processes occur. On the other hand, lead compounds have been playing critical roles in the drug discovery process and have been recently employed in studies of the biogenesis and secretion of sEVs as external agents, affecting sEV release and serving as drug payloads in sEV drug delivery systems. This article gives readers an overview of the roles of lead compounds in these two research areas of sEVs, the rising star in studies of nanoscale medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao T.D. Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
- The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for innovation in Physical and Mental health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Santos TCB, Vaz A, Ventura AE, M Saied E, Arenz C, Fedorov A, Prieto M, Silva LC. Canonical and 1-Deoxy(methyl) Sphingoid Bases: Tackling the Effect of the Lipid Structure on Membrane Biophysical Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6007-6016. [PMID: 32369370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the canonical sphingoid backbone of sphingolipids (SLs), atypical long-chain bases (LCBs) lack C1-OH (1-deoxy-LCBs) or C1-CH2OH (1-deoxymethyl-LCBs). In addition, when unsaturated, they present a cis-double bond instead of the canonical Δ4-5 trans-double bond. These atypical LCBs are directly correlated with the development and progression of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 and diabetes type II through yet unknown mechanisms. Changes in membrane properties have been linked to the biological actions of SLs. However, little is known about the influence of the LCB structure, particularly 1-deoxy(methyl)-LCB, on lipid-lipid interactions and their effect on membrane properties. To address this question, we used complementary fluorescence-based methodologies to study membrane model systems containing POPC and the different LCBs of interest. Our results show that 1-deoxymethyl-LCBs have the highest ability to reduce the fluidity of the membrane, while the intermolecular interactions of 1-deoxy-LCBs were found to be weaker, leading to the formation of less-ordered domains compared to their canonical counterparts-sphinganine and sphingosine. Furthermore, while the presence of a trans-double bond at the Δ4-5 position of the LCB increased the fluidity of the membrane compared to a saturated LCB, a cis-double bond completely disrupted the ability of the LCB to segregate into ordered domains. In conclusion, even small changes on the structure of the LCB, as seen in 1-deoxy(methyl)-LCBs, strongly affects lipid-lipid interactions and membrane fluidity. These results provide evidence that altered balance between species with different LCBs affect membrane properties and may contribute to the pathobiological role of these lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania C B Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Vaz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana E Ventura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Aleksander Fedorov
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Wong HL, Poon SHL, Bu Y, Lo ACY, Jhanji V, Chan YK, Shih KC. A Systematic Review on Cornea Epithelial-Stromal Homeostasis. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:178-191. [PMID: 32474566 DOI: 10.1159/000509030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review aims to summarise the role of different cells, genes, proteins and lipid in regulating cornea epithelial-stromal homeostasis. METHODS We performed an Entrez PubMed literature search using keywords "human," "cornea," "epithelial," "stromal," "homeostasis," "fibrosis response," and "pathogenesis" on 24th of September 2019, resulting in 35 papers, of which 18 were chosen after filtering for "English language" and "published within 10 years" as well as curation for relevance by the authors. RESULTS The 18 selected papers showed that corneal epithelial cells, fibroblasts and telocytes, together with genes such as Klf4, Pax6 and Id found in the cells, play important roles in achieving homeostasis to maintain corneal integrity and transparency. Proteins classified as pro-fibrotic ligands and anti-fibrotic ligands are responsible for regulating cornea stromal fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition, thus regulators of scar formation during wound healing. Anti-inflammatory ligands and wound repairing ligands are critical in eliciting protective inflammation and promoting epithelial healing, respectively. Protein receptors located on cellular membrane play a role in maintaining intercellular connections as well as corneal hydration. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These studies prompt development of novel therapeutic strategies such as tear drops or ointments that target certain proteins to maintain corneal homeostasis. However, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to prove the effectiveness of exogenous administration of molecules in improving healing outcome. Hence, future investigations of the molecular pathways highlighted in this review will reveal novel therapeutic tools such as gene or cell therapy to treat corneal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lam Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Hiu Ling Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yashan Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Mignard V, Dubois N, Lanoé D, Joalland MP, Oliver L, Pecqueur C, Heymann D, Paris F, Vallette FM, Lalier L. Sphingolipid distribution at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) upon induction of apoptosis. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1025-1037. [PMID: 32350079 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels and composition of sphingolipids and related metabolites are altered in aging and in common disorders such as diabetes and cancers, as well as in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. Changes in sphingolipids have been implicated as being an essential step in mitochondria-driven cell death. However, little is known about the precise sphingolipid composition and modulation in mitochondria or related organelles. Here, we used LC-MS/MS to analyze the presence of key components of the ceramide metabolic pathway in vivo and in vitro in purified ER, mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), and mitochondria. Specifically, we analyzed the sphingolipids in the three pathways that generate ceramide: sphinganine in the de novo ceramide pathway, SM in the breakdown pathway, and sphingosine in the salvage pathway. We observed sphingolipid profiles in mouse liver, mouse brain, and a human glioma cell line (U251). We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative changes of these sphingolipids during staurosporine-induced apoptosis in U251 cells. Ceramide (especially C16-ceramide) levels increased during early apoptosis possibly through a conversion from mitochondrial sphinganine and SM, but sphingosine and lactosyl- and glycosyl-ceramide levels were unaffected. We also found that ceramide generation is enhanced in mitochondria when SM levels are decreased in the MAM. This decrease was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase activity in MAM. We conclude that meaningful sphingolipid modifications occur in MAM, the mitochondria, and the ER during the early steps of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mignard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Nolwenn Dubois
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Didier Lanoé
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Joalland
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France. mailto:
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Lisenn Lalier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
The Swing of Lipids at Peroxisomes and Endolysosomes in T Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082859. [PMID: 32325900 PMCID: PMC7215844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse (IS) is a well-known intercellular communication platform, organized at the interphase between the antigen presenting cell (APC) and the T cell. After T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, signaling from plasma membrane proteins and lipids is amplified by molecules and downstream pathways for full synapse formation and maintenance. This secondary signaling event relies on intracellular reorganization at the IS, involving the cytoskeleton and components of the secretory/recycling machinery, such as the Golgi apparatus and the endolysosomal system (ELS). T cell activation triggers a metabolic reprogramming that involves the synthesis of lipids, which act as signaling mediators, and an increase of mitochondrial activity. Then, this mitochondrial activity results in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may lead to cytotoxicity. The regulation of ROS levels requires the concerted action of mitochondria and peroxisomes. In this review, we analyze this reprogramming and the signaling implications of endolysosomal, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and lipidic systems in T cell activation.
Collapse
|
138
|
Mantovani A, Lunardi G, Bonapace S, Dugo C, Altomari A, Molon G, Conti A, Bovo C, Laaksonen R, Byrne CD, Bonnet F, Targher G. Association between increased plasma ceramides and chronic kidney disease in patients with and without ischemic heart disease. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101152. [PMID: 32283179 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Plasma levels of certain ceramides are increased in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many risk factors for IHD are also risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is currently uncertain whether plasma ceramide levels are increased in patients with CKD. METHODS We measured six previously identified high-risk plasma ceramide concentrations [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)] in 415 middle-aged individuals who attended our clinical Cardiology and Diabetes services over a period of 9 months. RESULTS A total of 97 patients had CKD (defined as e-GFRCKD-EPI<60ml/min/1.73m2 and/or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio≥30mg/g), 117 had established IHD and 242 had type 2 diabetes. Patients with CKD had significantly (P=0.005 or less) higher levels of plasma Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) compared to those without CKD. The presence of CKD remained significantly associated with higher levels of plasma ceramides (standardized beta coefficients ranging from 0.124 to 0.227, P<0.001) even after adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, prior IHD, plasma LDL-cholesterol, hs-C-reactive protein levels and use of any lipid-lowering medications. Notably, more advanced stages of CKD and abnormal albuminuria were both associated (independently of each other) with increased levels of plasma ceramides. These results were consistent in all subgroups considered, including patients with and without established IHD or those with and without diabetes. CONCLUSION Increased levels of plasma ceramides are associated with CKD independently of pre-existing IHD, diabetes and other established cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - G Lunardi
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, "IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - S Bonapace
- Division of Cardiology, "IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - C Dugo
- Division of Cardiology, "IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - A Altomari
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - G Molon
- Division of Cardiology, "IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - A Conti
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, "IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - C Bovo
- Medical Direction, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - C D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - F Bonnet
- University Hospital of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - G Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Xu J, Xue C. Sphingolipids in food and their critical roles in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:462-491. [PMID: 32208869 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1736510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are ubiquitous structural components of cell membranes and are essential for cell functions under physiological conditions or during disease progression. Abundant evidence supports that SLs and their metabolites, including ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (So), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are signaling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes and human health. However, there are limited reviews on the emerging roles of exogenous dietary SLs in human health. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitous presence of dietary SLs, highlighting their structures and contents in foodstuffs, particularly in sea foods. The digestion and metabolism of dietary SLs is also discussed. Focus is given to the roles of SLs in both the etiology and prevention of diseases, including bacterial infection, cancers, neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases, skin integrity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We propose that dietary SLs represent a "functional" constituent as emerging strategies for improving human health. Gaps in research that could be of future interest are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Elevated plasma ceramide levels in post-menopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:73-88. [PMID: 30620722 PMCID: PMC6339790 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circulating ceramide levels are abnormally elevated in age-dependent pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the potential impact of age on plasma ceramide levels has not yet been systematically examined. In the present study, we quantified a focused panel of plasma ceramides and dihydroceramides in a cohort of 164 subjects (84 women) 19 to 80 years of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between age and ceramide (d18:1/24:0) (β (SE) = 5.67 (2.38); p = .0198) and ceramide (d18:1/24:1) (β (SE) = 2.88 (.61); p < .0001) in women, and between age and ceramide (d18:1/24:1) in men (β (SE) = 1.86 (.77); p = .0179). In women of all ages, but not men, plasma ceramide (d18:1/24:1) was negatively correlated with plasma estradiol (r = -0.294; p = .007). Finally, in vitro experiments in human cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors showed that incubation with estradiol (10 nM, 24 h) significantly decreased ceramide accumulation. Together, the results suggest that aging is associated with an increase in circulating ceramide levels, which in post-menopausal women is at least partially associated with lower estradiol levels.
Collapse
|
141
|
Hadas Y, Vincek AS, Youssef E, Żak MM, Chepurko E, Sultana N, Sharkar MTK, Guo N, Komargodski R, Kurian AA, Kaur K, Magadum A, Fargnoli A, Katz MG, Hossain N, Kenigsberg E, Dubois NC, Schadt E, Hajjar R, Eliyahu E, Zangi L. Altering Sphingolipid Metabolism Attenuates Cell Death and Inflammatory Response After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2020; 141:916-930. [PMID: 31992066 PMCID: PMC7135928 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids have recently emerged as a biomarker of recurrence and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). The increased ceramide levels in mammalian heart tissues during acute MI, as demonstrated by several groups, is associated with higher cell death rates in the left ventricle and deteriorated cardiac function. Ceramidase, the only enzyme known to hydrolyze proapoptotic ceramide, generates sphingosine, which is then phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to produce the prosurvival molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate. We hypothesized that Acid Ceramidase (AC) overexpression would counteract the negative effects of elevated ceramide and promote cell survival, thereby providing cardioprotection after MI. METHODS We performed transcriptomic, sphingolipid, and protein analyses to evaluate sphingolipid metabolism and signaling post-MI. We investigated the effect of altering ceramide metabolism through a loss (chemical inhibitors) or gain (modified mRNA [modRNA]) of AC function post hypoxia or MI. RESULTS We found that several genes involved in de novo ceramide synthesis were upregulated and that ceramide (C16, C20, C20:1, and C24) levels had significantly increased 24 hours after MI. AC inhibition after hypoxia or MI resulted in reduced AC activity and increased cell death. By contrast, enhancing AC activity via AC modRNA treatment increased cell survival after hypoxia or MI. AC modRNA-treated mice had significantly better heart function, longer survival, and smaller scar size than control mice 28 days post-MI. We attributed the improvement in heart function post-MI after AC modRNA delivery to decreased ceramide levels, lower cell death rates, and changes in the composition of the immune cell population in the left ventricle manifested by lowered abundance of proinflammatory detrimental neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that transiently altering sphingolipid metabolism through AC overexpression is sufficient and necessary to induce cardioprotection post-MI, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of AC modRNA in ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Hadas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam S. Vincek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elias Youssef
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena M. Żak
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Tofael Kabir Sharkar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ningning Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rinat Komargodski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia Hossain
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole C. Dubois
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Multiscale Biology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Phospholamban Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Efrat Eliyahu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Multiscale Biology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Barron KA, Jeffries KA, Krupenko NI. Sphingolipids and the link between alcohol and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109058. [PMID: 32171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence underscores alcohol consumption as a strong risk factor for multiple cancer types, with liver cancer being most commonly associated with alcohol intake. While mechanisms linking alcohol consumption to malignant tumor development are not fully understood, the likely players in ethanol-induced carcinogenesis are genotoxic stress caused by formation of acetaldehyde, increased oxidative stress, and altered nutrient metabolism, including the impairment of methyl transfer reactions. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are another potential link between ethanol and cancer development. In particular, ceramides are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis and are known to function as important regulators of malignant transformation as well as tumor progression. However, to date, the cross-talk between ceramides and alcohol in cancer disease is largely an open question and only limited data are available on this subject. Most studies linking ceramide to cancer considered liver steatosis as the underlying mechanism, which is not surprising taking into consideration that ceramide pathways are an integral part of the overall lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the latest studies pointing to ceramide as an important mediator of cancer-promoting effects of chronic alcohol consumption and underscores the necessity of understanding the role of sphingolipids and lipid signaling in response to alcohol in order to prevent and/or successfully manage diseases caused by alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Morita Y, Kurano M, Sakai E, Nishikawa T, Nishikawa M, Sawabe M, Aoki J, Yatomi Y. Analysis of urinary sphingolipids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:441-449. [PMID: 31580528 PMCID: PMC7078086 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine, are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; however, the modulation of urinary sphingolipids in diabetic nephropathy has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to develop a simultaneous measurement system for urinary sphingolipids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to elucidate the modulation of urinary sphingolipids in diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a simultaneous measurement system for the urinary sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and six ceramide species (Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/18:0, Cer d18:1/18:1, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0), and we examined the urinary sphingolipids in 64 type 2 diabetes patients and 15 control participants. RESULTS The established measurement system for the urinary sphingolipids showed good precision for Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0. We observed that the urinary levels of Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/18:0, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0 were elevated in patients with stage 3 of diabetic nephropathy, and were correlated with urinary biomarkers, such as albumin and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and sediment score. CONCLUSIONS Our method is useful for the measurement of ceramide in urine specimens, and urinary ceramides might be associated with the pathological condition of diabetic nephropathy, such as renal tubular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Morita
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku UniversityMiyagiJapan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Fugio LB, Coeli-Lacchini FB, Leopoldino AM. Sphingolipids and Mitochondrial Dynamic. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030581. [PMID: 32121501 PMCID: PMC7140523 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, sphingolipids have been related to several biological functions such as immune system regulation, cell survival, and proliferation. Recently, it has been reported that sphingolipids could be biomarkers in cancer and in other human disorders such as metabolic diseases. This is evidenced by the biological complexity of the sphingolipids associated with cell type-specific signaling and diverse sphingolipids molecules. As mitochondria dynamics have serious implications in homeostasis, in the present review, we focused on the relationship between sphingolipids, mainly ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and mitochondrial dynamics directed by fission, fusion, and mitophagy. There is evidence that the balances of ceramides (C18 and C16) and S1P, as well as the location of specific ceramide synthases in mitochondria, have roles in mitophagy and fission with an impact on cell fate and metabolism. However, signaling pathways controlling the sphingolipids metabolism and their location in mitochondria need to be better understood in order to propose new interventions and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
145
|
Ceramide synthase 2 knockdown suppresses trophozoite growth, migration, in vitro encystment and excystment of Entamoeba invadens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
146
|
Alatibi KI, Wehbe Z, Spiekerkoetter U, Tucci S. Sex-specific perturbation of complex lipids in response to medium-chain fatty acids in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. FEBS J 2020; 287:3511-3525. [PMID: 31971349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) is the most common defect of long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. The recommended treatment includes the application of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs). However, long-term treatment of VLCAD-/- mice resulted in the development of a sex-specific metabolic syndrome due to the selective activation of the ERK/mTORc1 signalling in females and ERK/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway in males. In order to investigate a subsequent sex-specific effect of MCT on the lipid composition of the cellular membranes, we performed lipidomic analysis, SILAC-based quantitative proteomics and gene expression in fibroblasts from WT and VLCAD-/- mice of both sexes. Treatment with octanoate (C8) affected the composition of complex lipids resulting in a sex-specific signature of the molecular profile. The content of ceramides and sphingomyelins in particular differed significantly under control conditions and increased markedly in cells from mutant female mice but remained unchanged in cells from mutant males. Moreover, we observed a specific upregulation of biosynthesis of plasmalogens only in male mice, whereas in females C8 led to the accumulation of higher concentration of phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines. Our data on membrane lipids in VLCAD after supplementation with C8 provide evidence of a sex-specific lipid perturbation. We hypothesize a likely C8-induced pro-inflammatory response contributing to the development of a severe metabolic syndrome in female VLCAD-/- mice on long-term MCT supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled I Alatibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Wehbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Walker ME, Xanthakis V, Moore LL, Vasan RS, Jacques PF. Cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with higher concentrations of circulating ceramides in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:420-428. [PMID: 31826243 PMCID: PMC6997085 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Limited data exist on how habitual dietary intake of foods that can alter hepatic lipid metabolism may influence circulating ceramide concentrations. OBJECTIVES We investigated the cross-sectional association of cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with concentrations of 3 circulating ceramides and ceramide ratios. METHODS We examined participants from the Framingham Heart Study's Offspring Cohort who had 3 ceramides measured (n = 1561, mean age 66 y, 59% women). SSB consumption was measured 4 times over ∼14 y. Participants were categorized by cumulative SSB intake as nonconsumers (0 to <1 SSB serving/mo) and occasional (1 SSB serving/mo to <1 serving/wk), frequent (1 SSB serving/wk to <1 serving/d), and daily (≥1 SSB serving/d) consumers. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate cumulative SSB consumption (independent variable) to blood concentrations of ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) and ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0). RESULTS In adjusted models, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides (Ptrend < 0.05). Compared with nonconsumers, daily consumers had 0.01 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.002, 0.017 µg/mL) and 0.06 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.018, 0.092 µg/mL) higher mean concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides, respectively. Results were consistent when modeling continuous cumulative SSB consumption per 1 serving/d. We observed effect modification by diabetes status in the relation between cumulative SSB consumption and concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide (Pinteraction = 0.014). In a stratified analysis, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide only in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes (Ptrend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study raises the possibility that higher concentrations of distinct ceramide species, previously associated with adverse metabolic health, may be one mechanism by which SSB consumption contributes to higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lynn L Moore
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to PFJ (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Palmitic acid damages gut epithelium integrity and initiates inflammatory cytokine production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
149
|
Curcumin stimulates exosome/microvesicle release in an in vitro model of intracellular lipid accumulation by increasing ceramide synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158638. [PMID: 31988047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been shown to reduce intracellular lipid accumulation in mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick type C. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells in response to changes in intracellular ceramide composition. Curcumin can induce exosome/microvesicle release in cellular models of lipid deposition; however, the mechanism by which curcumin stimulates this release is unknown. In a model of lipid trafficking impairment in C6 glia cells, we show that curcumin stimulated ceramide synthesis by increasing the intracellular concentration of ceramide-dihydroceramide. Ceramide overload increased exosome/microvesicle secretion 10-fold, thereby reducing the concentration of lipids in the endolysosomal compartment. These effects were blocked by inhibitors of serine palmitoyltransferase (myriocin) and ceramide synthase (fumonisin B1). It is concluded that the decrease in intracellular lipid deposition induced by curcumin is mediated by increased ceramide synthesis and exosome/microvesicle release. This action may represent an additional health benefit of curcumin.
Collapse
|
150
|
Ceramides and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:176-185. [PMID: 32067904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent cohort studies evaluated the association between some previously identified high-risk ceramides [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)] and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adult population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the magnitude of such associations. METHODS We searched publication databases using appropriate keywords to identify cohort studies (published up to July 30, 2019), in which association between previously identified high-risk ceramides and major adverse cardiovascular events was reported. Data from eligible studies were extracted and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. RESULTS Seven cohort studies with aggregate data on 29,818 individuals (2736 new cases of cardiovascular events over a median follow-up of 6 years) were included. Higher plasma levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0) (random effects hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.32, I2 = 88%), Cer(d18:1/18:0) (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.27, I2 = 68%), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27, I2 = 83%) were associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Conversely, no association with plasma levels of Cer(d18:1/22:0) (HR 1.14 95% CI 0.88-1.47, I2 = 88%) and Cer(d18:1/24:0) (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.89-1.05, I2 = 73%) was found. Subgroup analyses did not substantially modify the findings. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) were associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, whereas plasma levels of Cer(d18:1/22:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:0) were not. Additional research is required to elucidate the different role of ceramides on pathways involved in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|