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Salman D, Beaney T, E Robb C, de Jager Loots CA, Giannakopoulou P, Udeh-Momoh CT, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Majeed A, Middleton LT, McGregor AH. Impact of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity levels of adults aged 50-92 years: a baseline survey of the CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050680. [PMID: 34433606 PMCID: PMC8390149 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical inactivity is more common in older adults, is associated with social isolation and loneliness and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. We examined the effect of social restrictions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK (lockdown), on physical activity (PA) levels of older adults and the social predictors of any change. DESIGN Baseline analysis of a survey-based prospective cohort study. SETTING Adults enrolled in the Cognitive Health in Ageing Register for Investigational and Observational Trials cohort from general practitioner practices in North West London were invited to participate from April to July 2020. PARTICIPANTS 6219 cognitively healthy adults aged 50-92 years completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported PA before and after the introduction of lockdown, as measured by metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes. Associations of PA with demographic, lifestyle and social factors, mood and frailty. RESULTS Mean PA was significantly lower following the introduction of lockdown from 3519 to 3185 MET min/week (p<0.001). After adjustment for confounders and prelockdown PA, lower levels of PA after the introduction of lockdown were found in those who were over 85 years old (640 (95% CI 246 to 1034) MET min/week less); were divorced or single (240 (95% CI 120 to 360) MET min/week less); living alone (277 (95% CI 152 to 402) MET min/week less); reported feeling lonely often (306 (95% CI 60 to 552) MET min/week less); and showed symptoms of depression (1007 (95% CI 612 to 1401) MET min/week less) compared with those aged 50-64 years, married, cohabiting and not reporting loneliness or depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Markers of social isolation, loneliness and depression were associated with lower PA following the introduction of lockdown in the UK. Targeted interventions to increase PA in these groups should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salman
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MSk Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine E Robb
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Celeste A de Jager Loots
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Parthenia Giannakopoulou
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lefkos T Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alison H McGregor
- MSk Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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102
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Schuch FB, Werneck AO, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Teychene M, Lotufo PA, Benseñor I, Brunoni AR. Cross-sectional associations of leisure and transport related physical activity with depression and anxiety. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:228-234. [PMID: 34118641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence supports the notion that the physical activity (PA) domain (leisure-time or transport), and the amount of time spent in PA, influence the association of PA with depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, no study evaluated the associations of different volumes of leisure-time PA (LTPA) and transport PA (TPA) with prevalent depression, anxiety, and co-occurring depression and anxiety (D&A) disorders. AIM To investigate the associations between different volumes of LTPA and TPA with prevalent depression, anxiety, and D&A. METHODS Cross-sectional study using baseline data of the ELSA-Brasil cohort. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long-form was used to assess PA levels in each domain. The Clinical Interview Scheduled Revised (CIS-R) was used to diagnose prevalent depressive, anxiety, and D&A disorders. Logistic regressions, adjusting for confounding factors, were employed. Results are expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 14,381 adults (54.5% female, 67.5% aged 45-64 years) were assessed. Time spent in LTPA was associated with a lower prevalence of depression in low, and high volumes (60-89min/weekaOR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.29-0.76, p = 0.002, >300min/weekaOR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.31-0.59, p < 0.001). High volumes of LTPA were associated with a lower prevalence D&A (270-299min/weekaOR = 0.55, 95%CI 0.38-0.79, p = 0.001; >300 minutesaOR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.54-0.74, p < 0.001). Low (60-89min/weekaOR = 0.56,95%CI = 0.40-0.79, p = 0.001) volumes of TPA were associated with lower prevalence of depression. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and self-reported PA. Lack of assessment of sedentary behaviour or occupational PA. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the importance of contextual factors in the association between PA and mental health, particularly at higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Teychene
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Departmento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da USP & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Benseñor
- Departmento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da USP & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R Brunoni
- Departmento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da USP & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Brazil
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103
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Implementation of an Expanded Decision-Making Technique to Comment on Sweden Readiness for Digital Tourism. SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/systems9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tourism provides many advantages for Sweden and the whole world, as well as its travelers. Since almost all types of tourism are currently in crisis as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, information and communication technology is expected to play a role, not only during the crisis but also in the post-COVID-19 era. Thus, with no expectations from types of tourism, Sweden needs to broaden its digital tours. As a result, this letter aims to classify the transition readiness of industry clusters for this digitalization move. An extended version of the TOPSIS technique was formulated and validated, plus a new framework for measuring digitalization readiness for this purpose. Lastly, analysis of the collected data proves that business tourism could lead the change, though adventure and rural tourism are at the farthest point from being considered ready to change.
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104
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Moreira-Neto A, Martins B, Miliatto A, Nucci MP, Silva-Batista C. Can remotely supervised exercise positively affect self-reported depressive symptoms and physical activity levels during social distancing? Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113969. [PMID: 33975172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the self-reported depressive symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among participants who performed self- nonexercising (NE), guided exercise (SGE), remotely supervised exercise (RSE), and face-to-face supervised exercise (FFE) during social distancing. Three hundred and forty-four individuals (≥18 years and 67% women) answered a self-reported online survey that included questions related to the physical exercise practice (e.g., supervised and remote) during social distancing and questions about perceptions of depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Rated [MADRS-S] scores) and metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (METs min•wk-1) of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA, and total PA scores (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) before and during social distancing. The RSE group (n=45) showed higher METs of vigorous-intensity PA than the SGE (n=146) and NE (n=109) groups. The RSE and FFE (n=44) groups showed higher METs of the total PA scores than the SGE and NE groups. The NE group showed higher MADRS-S scores than the other groups. Lower MADRS-S scores depend on the exercise practice and higher METs of vigorous-intensity PA depend on the supervised exercise practice. Thus, telehealth interventions can be implemented during the pandemic to enhance vigorous PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Moreira-Neto
- Neuroimagem Funcional - Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce Martins
- Neuroimagem Funcional - Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo, Brazil
| | - Angelo Miliatto
- Neuroimagem Funcional - Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- Neuroimagem Funcional - Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- Neuroimagem Funcional - Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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105
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Physical Activity among Adults Residing in 11 Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137056. [PMID: 34280992 PMCID: PMC8297220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, physical activity (PA) behaviors were altered worldwide due to public health measures such as “lockdown.” This study described PA among adults residing in 11 countries during COVID-19 lockdown and examined factors associated with PA engagement. We conducted a cross-sectional anonymous survey among adults (≥18 years old) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, Malaysia, North Macedonia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Of 11,775 participants, 63.7% were female and 52.8% were 18–34 years old. More than 40% of participants were insufficiently active (43.9%) and reported a decrease in their PA during lockdown (44.8%). Statistically significant differences were observed in (1) proportions of participants being insufficiently active, (2) level of PA, and (3) decrease in PA across the 11 countries. More stringent governmental policy responses were associated with greater likelihood of being insufficiently active during lockdown (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.45). Higher depression or anxiety scores were associated with greater likelihood of decreased level of PA during lockdown.We found substantial reductions in PA levels during COVID-19 lockdown across countries. Country-specific PA promotion interventions are needed during this and similar global emergencies.
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106
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Mayen Huerta C, Utomo A. Evaluating the association between urban green spaces and subjective well-being in Mexico city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Place 2021; 70:102606. [PMID: 34139612 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the association between the frequency of use of urban green spaces (UGS) and the subjective well-being (SWB) of Mexico City's residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey (N = 1954) regarding individuals' perceptions and use of UGS and their SWB, evaluated through the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale. Multilevel mixed-effects regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the frequency of UGS use and SWB, including individual and municipal level characteristics as covariates. Our results suggest that respondents who used UGS once or more per week during the pandemic reported higher SWB scores (8.7%) than those with zero visits. These findings have public policy implications that could enhance the role of UGS in urban environments during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mayen Huerta
- The University of Melbourne, School of Geography, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Level 1/221 Bouverie St, Carlton VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Ariane Utomo
- The University of Melbourne, School of Geography, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Level 1/221 Bouverie St, Carlton VIC, 3053, Australia
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107
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The impact of sitting time and physical activity on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 18:179-191. [PMID: 34127931 PMCID: PMC8190724 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and sitting time on adults’ mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and wellbeing) and the influence of mediators and confounders. Methods An online survey was disseminated in the UK between May and June 2020. A total of 284 participants (33.5 ± 12.4 years) self-reported their PA, sitting time and mental health through validated questionnaires. Results Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that being of younger age, female, on a lower income, with one or more comorbid health conditions, with a previous diagnosis of mood disorder and increased sitting time independently correlated with higher depression scores (F (13,219) = 12.31, p < 0.001), and explained 42% of the variance. Similar results were found for wellbeing where socio-demographic, health outcomes and sitting time influenced the subjective wellbeing (F (14,218) = 5.77, p < 0.001, 27% variance), although only socio-demographic and health outcomes contributed to the variation in anxiety score (F (13,219) = 7.84, p < 0.001, 32% variance). PA did not explain variation when sitting time was taken into account in any of the models. Combined analysis revealed that participants with lower sedentary time (< 8 h) and with both low or moderate and high PA presented a significantly lower depression score [low PA: (B = −2.7, 95% CI −4.88, −0.52); moderate and high PA (B = −2.7, −4.88, −0.52)]. Conclusion Sitting time was strongly associated with adverse mental health during COVID-19 lockdown and should be considered in future public health recommendations.
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108
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Eyler AA, Schmidt L, Kepper M, Mazzucca S, Gilbert A, Beck A. Parent Perceptions of Changes in Child Physical Activity During COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders. Front Public Health 2021; 9:637151. [PMID: 34164363 PMCID: PMC8215440 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.637151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore parent perceptions of changes in child physical activity during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The research team used social media, relevant organizations, and neighborhood groups to distribute the survey link in May and June of 2020. Subjects: A convenience sample of parents of children aged 5-12. Measures: Survey to assess parental perceptions of changes in children's physical activity before and during stay-at-home orders, and environmental and social barriers to physical activity. Analysis: Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate comparisons, and multinomial-logistic regression models with covariates of environmental factors, social factors, and frequency of factors as barriers on association with perceived physical activity change. Results: Data from 245 parents were analyzed. A majority (63.7%) of parents reported a decrease in children's physical activity during stay-at-home orders. More parents indicated social barriers (e.g., lack of access to playmates) than environmental barriers (e.g., lack of access to neighborhood play spaces) to children's physical activity. In multivariate analyses, the odds of parents reporting decreased physical activity was greater for those reporting lack of playmates (OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.99-11.17) and lack of adult supervision (OR = 11.82; 95% CI: 2.48-56.28) as barriers. No environmental barriers were significantly associated with decreased children's physical activity. Conclusion: The unique aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic provide a natural experiment for developing social and environmental strategies to improve children's overall physical activity. Assessing parental perceptions is a way to inform these future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Eyler
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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109
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Schuch FB, Bulzing RA, Meyer J, López-Sánchez GF, Grabovac I, Willeit P, Vancampfort D, Caperchione CM, Sadarangani KP, Werneck AO, Ward PB, Tully M, Smith L. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior changes in self-isolating adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a cross-sectional survey exploring correlates. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 18:155-163. [PMID: 34108999 PMCID: PMC8179086 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic imposed major changes on daily-life routine worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantified the changes on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) and its correlates in Brazilians. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the changes (pre versus during pandemic) in time spent in MVPA and SB in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (ii) to explore correlates. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective, self-report online web survey, evaluating the time spent in MVPA and SB pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic in self-isolating people in Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical measures, and time in self-isolation were also obtained. Changes in MVPA and SB and their correlates were explored using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Models were adjusted for covariates. Results A total of 877 participants (72.7% women, 53.7% young adults [18-34 years]) were included. Overall, participants reported a 59.7% reduction (95% CI 35.6-82.2) in time spent on MVPA during the pandemic, equivalent to 64.28 (95% CI 36.06-83.33) minutes per day. Time spent in SB increased 42.0% (95% CI 31.7-52.5), corresponding to an increase of 152.3 (95% CI 111.9-192.7) minutes per day. Greater reductions in MVPA and increases in SB were seen in younger adults, those not married, those employed, and those with a self-reported previous diagnosis of a mental disorder. Conclusions People in self-isolation significantly reduced MVPA levels and increased SB. Public health strategies are needed to mitigate the impact of self-isolation on MVPA and SB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11332-021-00788-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 51 (CEFD), sala 1025, Santa Maria, RS CEP: 07105-900 Brazil
| | - Rugero A. Bulzing
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 51 (CEFD), sala 1025, Santa Maria, RS CEP: 07105-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina M. Caperchione
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, 8370057 Santiago, Chile
| | - André O. Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip B. Ward
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Mark Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT UK
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Different Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Exercise Indexes and Mood States Based on Sport Types, Exercise Dependency and Individual Characteristics. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060438. [PMID: 34073668 PMCID: PMC8225020 DOI: 10.3390/children8060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise indexes have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its related restrictions among athletes. In the present study, we investigated the exercise frequency and intensity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also current exercise dependency and mood state among non-contact individual, contact individual, and team sports athletes. A total of 1353 athletes from non-contact individual sports athletes (NCISA), contact individual sports athletes (CISA) and team sport athletes (TSA) participated; 45.4% of them were females that completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current exercise patterns, exercise dependency and mood states. NCISA had less exercise frequency than CISA, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and NCISA had less exercise frequency than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding exercise intensity, CISA had higher scores than NCISA and TSA before the COVID-19 pandemic, and CISA had more exercise intensity than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequency and intensity were reduced from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three groups, except for TSA intensity. In addition, positive and negative mood states were correlated with exercise dependency. CISA were more discouraged and vigorous than NCISA and TSA, respectively. For NCISA, CISA, and TSA, ordinal regressions separately showed that adherence to quarantine and exercise dependency were better predictors of exercise indexes. Finally, exercise dependency subscales were different among sports, but it was not in exercise dependency itself. Although the decrease in exercise indexes was noticeable, there was no consistent pattern of change in exercise behavior in all sports. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, negative moods were predominant among all athletes. The results discussed are based on exercise nonparticipating, sport type, and affect regulation hypothesis.
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111
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Abstract
Background: The primary objective worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been controlling disease transmission. However, lockdown measures used to mitigate transmission have affected human behavior and altered lifestyles, with a likely impact on chronic non-communicable diseases. More than a year into the pandemic, substantial peer-reviewed literature has emerged on altered lifestyles following the varying lockdown measures imposed globally to control the virus spread. We explored the impact of lockdown measures on six lifestyle factors, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social connectedness, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or other harmful substances. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed and the World Health Organization’s global literature database on COVID-19 and retrieved 649 relevant articles for the narrative review. A critical interpretative synthesis of the articles was performed. Results: Most of the articles included in the review identified the negative effect of lockdown measures on each of the lifestyle factors in many parts of the world. Encouraging lifestyle trends were also highlighted in a few articles. Such trends can positively influence the outcome of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to better understand the negative impact of strict lockdown measures on lifestyles. At the same time, it helps us identify and initiate positive behavioral changes, which, if consolidated, could improve chronic disease outcomes. It is up to governments, communities, and healthcare/academic entities to derive benefit from lessons learned from the pandemic, with the ultimate objective of better educating and promoting healthy lifestyles among communities.
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112
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Furtado GE, Letieri RV, Caldo-Silva A, Sardão VA, Teixeira AM, de Barros MP, Vieira RP, Bachi ALL. Sustaining efficient immune functions with regular physical exercise in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13485. [PMID: 33393082 PMCID: PMC7883243 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) appearance in Wuhan, China, did rise the new virus disease (COVID-19), which spread globally in a short time, leading the World Health Organization to declare a new global pandemic. To contain and mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, specific public health procedures were implemented in virtually all countries, with a significant impact on society, making it difficult to keep the regular practice of physical activity. It is widely accepted that an active lifestyle contributes to the improvement of general health and preservation of cardiovascular, respiratory, osteo-muscular and immune system capacities. The positive effects of regular physical activity on the immune system have emerged as a pivotal trigger of general health, underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on multiple physiological systems. Accordingly, recent studies have already pointed out the negative impact of physical inactivity caused by the social isolation imposed by the public sanitary authorities due to COVID-19. Nevertheless, there are still no current narrative reviews evaluating the real impact of COVID-19 on active lifestyle or even discussing the possible beneficial effects of exercise-promoted immune upgrade against the severity or progression of COVID-19. Based on the consensus in the scientific literature, in this review, we discuss how an exercise adherence could adequately improve immune responses in times of the 'COVID-19 Era and beyond'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal.,N2i - Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,University of Coimbra-Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Rubens Vinícius Letieri
- Post-doctoral Researcher, Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Research Nucleus in Physical Education (NIMEF), Physical Education Department, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantinópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Caldo-Silva
- University of Coimbra-Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), UC_Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Multidisciplinary Research Nucleus in Physical Education (NIMEF), Physical Education Department, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantinópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), UC_Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Santos, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, University Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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113
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Silva DRPD, Werneck AO, Malta DC, Souza Júnior PRBD, Azevedo LO, Barros MBDA, Szwarcwald CL. Changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic: a survey with 39,693 Brazilian adults. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00221920. [PMID: 33950077 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00221920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors according to correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian adults. A national retrospective online survey was conducted with 39,693 Brazilian adults. Physical activity (weekly frequency and daily duration; cut-off point of 150 minutes/week), TV-viewing time and computer/tablet use (daily duration; cut-off point of 4 hours/day) before and during the pandemic period were reported. Sex, age group, schooling level, skin color, per capita income, country region, working status during the quarantine, and adherence to the quarantine were the correlates. Descriptive statistics were used. The prevalence of physical inactivity, high TV-viewing time and computer/tablet use increased, respectively, 26%, 266%, and 38% during the pandemic. While increases in physical inactivity and computer/tablet were more widespread, higher increases in the prevalence of high TV viewing tiem were observed among younger adults (660%), with higher schooling level (437%) and those who were at home office (331%). The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors increased in all population sub-groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Otávio Azevedo
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Celia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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114
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Min SK, Son WH, Choi BH, Lee HJ, Ahn CY, Yoo J, Park S, Lee JW, Jee YS. Psychophysical condition of adolescents in coronavirus disease 2019. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:112-119. [PMID: 34012937 PMCID: PMC8103185 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142198.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of depression and levels of physical fitness in high school students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. One hundred fifty participants were divided into four groups according to the number of days that they felt depressed due to the COVID-19 during the last 7 days: no-depression group (NDG, n=17), some-depression group (SDG, n=32), occasional-depression group (ODG, n=81), and most-depression group (MDG, n=20). Shuttle run for endurance capacity and standing long jump for muscle power were selected to estimate the states of type I and type II muscle fibers, respectively. This study found that the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of MDG was significantly higher than those of other three groups. In addition, ODG and MDG showed the lowest interest in their school studies compared with other groups. Endurance capacity showed a significant difference among groups, whereas muscle power showed no significant difference among groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that higher levels of depression reflect a greater lack of interest in life and academics. Furthermore, lower endurance capacity appears to be associated with more severe levels of depression. This highlights the importance of maintaining type I muscle fibers through regular aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Min
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Wook-Hyung Son
- Department of Physical Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Lee
- Department of Public Administration, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Chang-Young Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Dong University, Yangju, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Yoo
- Department of Physical Education, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
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115
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Wolf S, Seiffer B, Zeibig JM, Welkerling J, Brokmeier L, Atrott B, Ehring T, Schuch FB. Is Physical Activity Associated with Less Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Rapid Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:1771-1783. [PMID: 33886101 PMCID: PMC8060908 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the entire world population. During the first spread, most governments have implemented quarantine and strict social distancing procedures. Similar measures during recent pandemics resulted in an increase in post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression symptoms. The development of novel interventions to mitigate the mental health burden are of utmost importance. OBJECTIVE In this rapid review, we aimed to provide a systematic overview of the literature with regard to associations between physical activity (PA) and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. DATA SOURCE We searched major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) and preprint servers (MedRxiv, SportRxiv, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar), for relevant papers up to 25/07/2020. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included observational studies with cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. To qualify for inclusion in the review, studies must have tested the association of PA with depression or anxiety, using linear or logistic regressions. Depression and anxiety must have been assessed using validated rating scales. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Effect sizes were represented by fully adjusted standardized betas and odds ratios (OR) alongside 95% confidence intervals (CI). In case standardized effects could not be obtained, unstandardized effects were presented and indicated. RESULTS We identified a total of 21 observational studies (4 longitudinal, 1 cross-sectional with retrospective analysis, and 16 cross-sectional), including information of 42,293 (age 6-70 years, median female = 68%) participants from five continents. The early evidence suggests that people who performed PA on a regular basis with higher volume and frequency and kept the PA routines stable, showed less symptoms of depression and anxiety. For instance, those reporting a higher total time spent in moderate to vigorous PA had 12-32% lower chances of presenting depressive symptoms and 15-34% of presenting anxiety. CONCLUSION Performing PA during Covid-19 is associated with less depression and anxiety. To maintain PA routines during Covid-19, specific volitional and motivational skills might be paramount to overcome Covid-19 specific barriers. Particularly, web-based technologies could be an accessible way to increase motivation and volition for PA and maintain daily PA routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Education & Health Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Britta Seiffer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Education & Health Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johanna-Marie Zeibig
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Education & Health Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Welkerling
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Education & Health Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Brokmeier
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beatrice Atrott
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Education & Health Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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116
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Althumiri NA, Basyouni MH, BinDhim NF. Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Mental Health Disorders in Saudi Arabian Adults: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e25438. [PMID: 33851932 PMCID: PMC8082387 DOI: 10.2196/25438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between physical activity and mental health, especially the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), has received increasing attention in recent years. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between fulfilling the World Health Organization (WHO) global recommendations on physical activity and the risk and symptoms of MDD and GAD in the Saudi population. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data from a large nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June and July 2020. In this study, a proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain an equal distribution of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. The main mental health screening tool used for the risk of MDD was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Risk of GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants self-reported whether they fulfill the WHO global recommendations on (1) moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MIPA) and (2) vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VIPA). The results were then analyzed based on the following two categories: fulfilling the WHO global recommendations or not. RESULTS The data analysis included 8333 participants recruited in the main study between June and July 2020. The response rate was 81.45% (8333/10,231). Of them, 50.3% (4192/8333) were female, and the mean age was 36.5 years, with a median age of 36 years and a range from 18 to 90 years. The average total PHQ-9 score was 5.61, and the average total GAD-7 score was 4.18. For men, the average total PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with fulfilling recommendations for MIPA; however, there were no associations for VIPA in both sexes. Fulfilling the WHO's recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer depressive symptoms in six of the nine items in the PHQ-9. Moreover, fulfilling recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer anxiety symptoms in six of the seven items in the GAD-7. However, fulfilling recommendations for VIPA was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in one of the PHQ-9 items ("Thoughts that you would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting yourself in some way;" P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that fulfilling guidelines on MIPA is associated with less overall risk of MDD and GAD in males and fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms generally in a nonclinical population. In the general population, an increase in MIPA may improve well-being and general mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mada H Basyouni
- Sharik Association For Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F BinDhim
- Sharik Association For Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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117
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Green J, Huberty J, Puzia M, Stecher C. The Effect of Meditation and Physical Activity on the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19-Related Stress and Attention to News Among Mobile App Users in the United States: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e28479. [PMID: 33788698 PMCID: PMC8045775 DOI: 10.2196/28479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared an international public health emergency, and it may have long-lasting effects on people's mental health. There is a need to identify effective health behaviors to mitigate the negative mental health impact of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the regional differences in mental health and COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress, in light of the state-level prevalence of COVID-19 cases; (2) estimate the associations between mental health and COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress and health behavior engagement (ie, physical activity, mindfulness meditation); and (3) explore the mediating effect of health behavior engagement on the associations between mental health and COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was distributed to a sample of US adult paying subscribers to the Calm app (data were collected from April 22 to June 3, 2020). The survey assessed COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress; health behavior engagement; and mental health (ie, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety and depression). Statistical analyses were performed using R software. Differences in COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress and mental health by location were assessed using t tests and chi-square tests. Logistic and ordinary least squares models were used to regress mental health and health behavior on COVID-19-related worry, attention to news, and stress; moreover, causal mediation analysis was used to estimate the significance of the mediation effects. RESULTS The median age of the respondents (N=8392) was 47 years (SD 13.8). Participants in the Mid-Atlantic region (New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) reported higher levels of stress, more severe depression symptoms, greater worry about COVID-19, paying more attention to COVID-19-related news, and more stress related to social distancing recommendations than participants living in other regions. The association between worry about COVID-19 and perceived stress was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (P<.001), strength of meditation habit (P<.001), and stopping meditation (P=.046). The association between worry about COVID-19 and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (P<.001) and strength of meditation habit (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe the mental health impact of COVID-19 and outline how continued participation in health behaviors such as physical activity and mindfulness meditation reduce worsening of mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These data have important implications for public health agencies and health organizations to promote the maintenance of health habits to reduce the residual mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Green
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jennifer Huberty
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Megan Puzia
- Behavioral Research and Analytics, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chad Stecher
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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118
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Effects of Home Confinement on the Intensity of Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Team Handball According to Country, Gender, Competition Level, and Playing Position: A Worldwide Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084050. [PMID: 33921377 PMCID: PMC8069346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of home confinement on physical activity (PA) in Team Handball during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 1359 handball players participated (age: 23 ± 6 years). Participants from Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa answered an online version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) considering “before” and “during” confinement. COVID-19 home confinement has had a negative effect on PA (vigorous, moderate, walking, and overall). The largest decrease was in the sum parameter “all PA” (MET (metabolic equivalent of task)-min/week, ηp2 = 0.903; min/week, ηp2 = 0.861). Daily sitting time increased from 2.7 to 5.0 h per weekday (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.669). For gender, continent, country, level of handball league, and playing position, no significant differences (group and interaction effects) were observed. The largest change in PA behavior was in walking (minutes per day: ηp2 = 0.755), with males displaying the greatest decrease (from 62 ± 11 to 30 ± 14 min per weekday; d = 2.67). In terms of magnitude, difference between genders was greatest for sitting time (difference in d = 1.20). In conclusion, while COVID-19 measures were essential to preserve public health, PA was compromised and sedentary behavior increased because of these public health measures regardless of gender, playing position, and competition level.
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119
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Zieff G, Bates LC, Kerr ZY, Moore JB, Hanson ED, Battaglini C, Stoner L. Targeting sedentary behavior as a feasible health strategy during COVID-19. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:826-831. [PMID: 33118596 PMCID: PMC7665775 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior is associated with poor physical and mental health. Targeting sedentary behavior is a simple strategy that may help counter physical and mental health concerns associated with COVID-19-related social restrictions. Of course, traditional strategies such as achieving optimal exercise and physical activity levels are also important and should be recommended. However, even under normal circumstances, the difficulty in promoting lasting exercise habits at multiple levels (e.g. individual, environment, policy) are well documented, and chances of maintaining or improving these factors is now even lower. Thus, relative to other lifestyle behaviors - sedentary behavior may be more amenable to change. Moreover, reducing sedentary behavior may be less susceptible to influence from factors associated with health disparities such as age, race, and socio-economic status compared to exercise or physical activity. Sedentary behavior is a feasible health strategy that should be targeted during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren C Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin B Moore
- Implementation Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudio Battaglini
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
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120
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Chambonniere C, Lambert C, Tardieu M, Fillon A, Genin P, Larras B, Melsens P, Baker JS, Pereira B, Tremblay A, Thivel D, Duclos M. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior of Elderly Populations during Confinement: Results from the FRENCH COVID-19 ONAPS Survey. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:401-413. [PMID: 33827390 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1908750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A national confinement was imposed in France in March 2020 during 55 days to prevent the spread of the virus and protect vulnerable people such as older individuals. This study aimed to describe the movement behaviors, and their determinants, of elderly people (≥ 65 years) during the confinement.Methods: An online survey was conducted from April 1st, 2020 to May 6th, 2020 by the National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors. This study compared the level of physical activity (PA), sitting and screen time before and during the confinement and identified the impact of initial PA, sedentary profiles of the participants and housing conditions.Results: 1,178 people were included in this study. Reaching PA recommendations before lock-down was associated with the change in PA level during lock-down (p < .001). Besides, geographic location was associated with the change in PA, sitting time and screen time during lock-down (respectively p = .03, p = .02, p = .02).Conclusion: This study confirm the negative impact of confinement on senior movement behaviors, whether or not they met with public health recommendations prior to the pandemic. The housing conditions of older people must be also taken into future public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chambonniere
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inrae, Umr Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tardieu
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Fillon
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Genin
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Larras
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Melsens
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - B Pereira
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Tremblay
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City. Canada
| | - D Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Duclos
- Inrae, Umr Clermont-Ferrand, France.,National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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121
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Hermassi S, Sellami M, Salman A, Al-Mohannadi AS, Bouhafs EG, Hayes LD, Schwesig R. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Satisfaction with Life in Qatar: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3093. [PMID: 33802891 PMCID: PMC8002716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of home confinement on physical activity (PA) and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak in Qatar. A total of 1144 subjects participated (male: n = 588; female: n = 556; age: 33.1 ± 11.1 years; mass: 76.1 ± 16.4 kg; height: 1.70 ± 0.11 m; body mass index (BMI): 26.1 ± 4.44 kg/m2). Online survey questions considered "before" and "during" confinement. Confinement reduced all PA intensities (ηp2 = 0.27-0.67, p < 0.001) and increased daily sitting time from 3.57 ± 1.47 to 6.32 ± 1.33 h per weekday (ηp2 = 0.67, p < 0.001). The largest reduction was detected for the sum parameter all physical activity (minutes per week, ηp2 = 0.67, p < 0.001; MET (metabolic equivalent of task)-minutes/week, ηp2 = 0.69, p < 0.001). Life satisfaction decreased, with the score for "I am satisfied with my life" (ηp2 = 0.76, p < 0.001) decreasing from 28.1 ± 4.81 to 14.2 ± 6.41 arbitrary units (AU). Concerning life satisfaction, the largest change was detected for the statement "the conditions of my life are excellent" (dmale = 7.93). For all parameters, time effects were indicative of large negative effects in both genders. In terms of magnitude, the difference between gender was greatest for the parameter "the conditions of my life are excellent" (difference between groups, d = 4.84). In conclusion, COVID-19 confinement decreased PA, increased sitting time, and decreased life satisfaction in Qatar. These precautionary findings explicate the risk of psychosocial impairment and the potential physical harm of reducing physical activity during early COVID-19 confinement in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Abdulla S. Al-Mohannadi
- World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar;
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
| | - El Ghali Bouhafs
- Department of Sports Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK;
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
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Teran-Escobar C, Forestier C, Ginoux C, Isoard-Gautheur S, Sarrazin P, Clavel A, Chalabaev A. Individual, Sociodemographic, and Environmental Factors Related to Physical Activity During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643109. [PMID: 33796051 PMCID: PMC8008147 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research has shown important between-individual variations in physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objectives: The objectives of this is study are to examine the individual, sociodemographic, and environmental factors related to PA during the spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in France and to explore the mediating and moderating role of intention and self-efficacy toward PA in the relationships between sociodemographic/environmental variables and PA. Design: In this cross-sectional study, participants living in France (N = 386) completed an online survey between March 30 and April 10, 2020. Method: Minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous PA during the lockdown; usual physical activity before the lockdown; and psychological (e.g., intention, self-efficacy, and autonomous and controlled motivation), sociodemographic (gender, age, and number of children), and environmental (habitat surface area and type of housing) factors were measured in the survey. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the role of these predictors on PA. Intention and self-efficacy were also examined as moderators and mediators of the association between sociodemographic/environmental factors and PA. Results: Usual physical activity before the COVID-19 lockdown, intention toward PA, habitat surface area, and controlled motivation significantly predicted PA during the lockdown. No mediating effects of intention or self-efficacy were found. Intention significantly moderated the association between gender and PA and the association between part-time work and PA. Conclusions: PA during the COVID-19 lockdown was mainly predicted by individual factors and notably usual PA. These results highlight the important role of habits in a highly changing context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Teran-Escobar
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire PACTE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyril Forestier
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Clément Ginoux
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Anna Clavel
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Aïna Chalabaev
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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De la Fuente CI, Guadagnin EC, Kunzler MR, Carpes FP. Programming course for health science as a strategy to engage students during the coronavirus pandemic. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2021; 45:53-58. [PMID: 33464193 PMCID: PMC8083174 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00183.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Programming is an important skill for different areas of knowledge. While in the past, programming skills were much more related to fields of computer sciences and engineering, today, professionals from different areas benefit from the ability to write codes for different applications. Furthermore, programming stimulates logical thinking, which impacts other personal abilities. Health science students have limited exposure to programming during their studies. Aware of this and considering the prolonged time in social distancing in Brazil due to the SARS-COV2 pandemic in 2020, we organized an outreach course dedicated to teaching introductory concepts of programming for health science students. The activity was developed fully online using the Zoom web conference agent, lasting 12 wk (8 synchronous classes, 15 synchronous hours in total), and attended by 27 undergraduate and graduate students from two different universities. A collaborative problem-based learning and group-learning methodology were developed through asynchronous homework and mainly online synchronous activities. In this article, we describe our approach and provide some suggestions for replicating the course in other universities. We observed that the activities of the outreach course improved programming skills and confidence for most of the students. More importantly, it piqued their interest enough to motivate them to continue to practice writing and testing their programs. We concluded that an outreach course dedicated to programming promoted improvements in programming skills in health science students. Furthermore, the program was an opportunity to keep the students active in science while working from their homes during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I De la Fuente
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Felipe P Carpes
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Sato K, Sakata R, Murayama C, Yamaguchi M, Matsuoka Y, Kondo N. Changes in work and life patterns associated with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study of health app ( CALO mama) users. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:632-637. [PMID: 33619124 PMCID: PMC7907629 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people refrained from going out, started working from home (WFH), and suspended work or lost their jobs. This study examines how such pandemic-related changes in work and life patterns were associated with depressive symptoms. Methods An online survey among participants who use a health app called CALO mama was conducted from 30 April to 8 May 2020 in Japan. Participants consisted of 2846 users (1150 men (mean age=50.3) and 1696 women (mean age=43.0)) who were working prior to the government declaration of a state of emergency (7 April 2020). Their daily steps from 1 January to 13 May 2020 recorded by an accelerometer in their mobile devices were linked to their responses. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Two-Question Screen. Results On average, participants took 1143.8 (95% CI −1557.3 to −730.2) fewer weekday steps during the declaration period (from 7 April to 13 May). Depressive symptoms were positively associated with female gender (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.87), decreased weekday steps (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45) and increased working hours (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.26). Conversely, starting WFH was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99). Conclusions Decreased weekday steps during the declaration period were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms, but WFH may mitigate the risk in the short term. Further studies on the longitudinal effects of WFH on health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan .,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Mai Yamaguchi
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuoka
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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dos Santos IK, de Medeiros RCDSC, de Medeiros JA, de Almeida-Neto PF, de Sena DCS, Cobucci RN, Oliveira RS, Cabral BGDAT, Dantas PMS. Active Video Games for Improving Mental Health and Physical Fitness-An Alternative for Children and Adolescents during Social Isolation: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041641. [PMID: 33572159 PMCID: PMC7915633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of active video games (AVGs) on mental health, physical fitness and body composition of children and adolescents. A search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed; MEDLINE (by Ovid); SportDiscus, Cochrane library systematic reviews (CENTRAL) and EMBASE with no language restrictions during October 2020. Reviews on the use of AVGs were included in the study. We use the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) scale to analyze the methodological quality of the studies. Seventeen systematic reviews and meta-analyzes were included on the effects of AVGs with 30 to 4728 children and adolescents of both sexes with ages ranging from 6 to 19 years. In five studies, the population was overweight or obese. Regarding the quality, 12 studies were of moderate quality, two had high quality, two had low quality and one showed very low quality. The analyzed data indicate that the use of AVGs with a frequency of 1 to 3 times a week with durations of between 10 and 90 min per day shows positive effects on mental health and physical functioning. There was moderate quality evidence that AVGs can result in benefits for self-esteem, increased energy expenditure, physical activity and reduced body mass index in children and adolescents who used AVGs in the home environment. Further research is needed on this tool to help in the process of social isolation and consequently in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Kelly dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (I.K.d.S.); (R.C.d.S.C.d.M.); (J.A.d.M.)
| | | | - Jason Azevedo de Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (I.K.d.S.); (R.C.d.S.C.d.M.); (J.A.d.M.)
| | - Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (P.F.d.A.-N.); (D.C.S.d.S.)
| | - Dianne Cristina Souza de Sena
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (P.F.d.A.-N.); (D.C.S.d.S.)
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Potiguar University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physical Activity, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | | | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (I.K.d.S.); (R.C.d.S.C.d.M.); (J.A.d.M.)
- Department of Physical Activity, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-84-3215-3450
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Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, Shin J, Barnett Y, Butler L, McDermott D, Schuch F, Smith L. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000960. [PMID: 34192010 PMCID: PMC7852071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In March 2020, several countries banned unnecessary outdoor activities during COVID-19, commonly called 'lockdowns. These lockdowns have the potential to impact associated levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Given the numerous health outcomes associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour, the aim of this review was to summarise literature that investigated differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour before vs during the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Electronic databases were searched from November 2019 to October 2020 using terms and synonyms relating to physical activity, sedentary behaviour and COVID-19. The coprimary outcomes were changes in physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour captured via device-based measures or self-report tools. Risk of bias was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Sixty six articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review (total n=86 981). Changes in physical activity were reported in 64 studies, with the majority of studies reporting decreases in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviours during their respective lockdowns across several populations, including children and patients with a variety of medical conditions. CONCLUSION Given the numerous physical and mental benefits of increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behaviour, public health strategies should include the creation and implementation of interventions that promote safe physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour should other lockdowns occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stockwell
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Trott
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Jae Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daragh McDermott
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felipe Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Khosravi M. COVID-19 quarantine: Two-way interaction between physical activity and mental health. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 30:9509. [PMID: 33520149 PMCID: PMC7844403 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that physical activity significantly reduces the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection by strengthening the immune system. Also, regular physical activity can reduce the risks of developing physical and mental health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stress, anxiety, depression, etc. However, the two-way interaction between physical activity and psychological symptoms has not been well addressed yet. This paper is intended to examine various dimensions of this interaction and its effects on mental health at the time of COVID-19 quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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128
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Zuo Y, Ma Y, Zhang M, Wu X, Ren Z. The impact of sharing physical activity experience on social network sites on residents' social connectedness:a cross-sectional survey during COVID-19 social quarantine. Global Health 2021; 17:10. [PMID: 33430894 PMCID: PMC7797884 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During isolation, sharing physical activity experiences on social network sites (SNS) can enhance individual social connectedness. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between sharing physical activity experiences on SNS, positive self-presentation, positive feedback, and social connectedness during isolation. METHODS Based on the Physical Activity Experience Sharing Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, Positive Self-Presentation Scale, and Online Positive Feedback Scale, we collected 460 questionnaires online from across 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. We used multiple linear regression models to investigate the relationship between variables, and used bootstrapping to test for mediation.. RESULTS During isolation, sharing physical activity experiences was positively associated with social connectedness (b = 0.308, p < 0.001), as well as with positive self-presentation(b = 0.956, p < 0.001)and positive feedback(b = 0.421, p < 0.001). In addition,we found that positive self-presentation showed a significant positive impact on positive feedback (b = 0.563, p < 0.001), and that positive self-presentation(b = 0.331, p < 0.001) and positive feedback(b = 0.311, p < 0.001) were positively associated with social connectedness. Finally, we found an effect on sharing physical activity experiences indirectly through positive self-presentation (b = 0.316, 95% CI: [0.180, 0.463]),and positive feedback (b = 0.131, 95% CI: [0.063, 0.207]) and that the mediation chain between the two also had a significant impact on social connectedness (b = 0.167, 95% CI: [0.088, 0.251]). CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, sharing physical activity experiences on SNS can create a positive, healthy, and energetic personal image, gain recognition from others, and establish new interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518053 China
| | - Yudan Ma
- Shanwei Polytechnic, Shanwei, 516600 China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518053 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Physical education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- Department of Physical education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
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129
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Examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions, physical activity, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Place 2021; 67:102505. [PMID: 33454564 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how neighborhood conditions changed and how neighborhood conditions were associated with physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among Americans. The major outcomes were stratified by the neighborhood's poverty and regression models were used to assess the associations between neighborhood conditions and their change during the pandemic and the outcomes of physical activity and mental health. The results show that low-poverty neighborhoods had more health-promoting neighborhood conditions before the outbreak and more positive changes during the outbreak. Health-promoting neighborhood conditions were associated with higher physical activity and moderate physical activity and lack of negative neighborhood conditions such as crime/violence and traffic were associated with a lower risk of mental health problems including loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Mental health problems were also significantly associated with the COVID-19 infection and death and household income level. Our findings suggest that it is plausible that the disparities of physical activity and mental health by neighborhood exacerbate due to the pandemic and people who living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods bear increasingly disproportionate burden.
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130
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Feter N, Caputo EL, Doring IR, Leite JS, Cassuriaga J, Reichert FF, da Silva MC, Coombes JS, Rombaldi AJ. Sharp increase in depression and anxiety among Brazilian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the PAMPA cohort. Public Health 2021; 190:101-107. [PMID: 33387848 PMCID: PMC7773543 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms before and during the pandemic and identify factors associated with aggravated mental health symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We identified the proportion of normal, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of depression and anxiety before and during the social distancing restrictions in adults from southern Brazil. An online, self-administered questionnaire was delivered for residents within the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS Most of the participants (n = 2314) aged between 31 and 59 years (54.2%), were women (76.6%), White (90.6%) with a university degree (66.6%). Moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and anxiety were reported in 3.9% and 4.5% of participants, respectively, before COVID-19. During the pandemic (June-July, 2020), these proportions increased to 29.1% (6.6-fold increase) and 37.8% (7.4-fold increase), respectively. Higher rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed among women, those aged 18-30 years, diagnosed with chronic disease and participants who had their income negatively affected by social restrictions. Remaining active or becoming physically active during social distancing restrictions reduced the probability of aggravated mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS Depressive and anxiety symptoms had a 6.6- and 7.4-fold increase since the COVID-19 pandemic. Public policies such as physical activity promotion and strategies to reduce the economic strain caused by this pandemic are urgently needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia; Neuroscience and Physical Activity Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - E L Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; Neuroscience and Physical Activity Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - I R Doring
- GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J S Leite
- Neuroscience and Physical Activity Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Cassuriaga
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; Neuroscience and Physical Activity Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F F Reichert
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M C da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - A J Rombaldi
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; GEEAF - Physical Activity Epidemiology Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil; Neuroscience and Physical Activity Research Group, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, 96055630, Pelotas, Brazil
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Cao LB, Hao Q, Liu Y, Sun Q, Wu B, Chen L, Yan L. Anxiety Level During the Second Localized COVID-19 Pandemic Among Quarantined Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:647483. [PMID: 34366908 PMCID: PMC8339465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility usually causes mental health problems for patients and unfavorable emotions such as anxiety and depression can have an adverse effect on women's normal pregnancy. We aimed to compare the anxiety level between infertile female patients in quarantined and non-quarantined areas during the second wave of COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 759 infertile women were included in this cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool. Participants were divided into the quarantined group (QG) and non-quarantined group (Non-QG). Independent sample T-test and chi-square test were performed to examine the difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the average STAI score of the two groups of infertile women, but responses to the emotional state showed that women in the QG had a higher tendency to be anxious. Participants in QG spent more time paying attention to the dynamics of the epidemic every day, and their sleep (p < 0.01) and mood conditions were worse (p < 0.01) than in the Non-QG. The family relationship of QG is more tense than non-QG. Through the research on the infertility treatment information of the overall research population, it is found the average STAI-State (STAI-S) (p = 0.031) score and STAI-Trait (STAI-T) (p = 0.005) score of women who were infertile for more than 3 years were significantly higher than those of women with <2 years. The STAI-T score of infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) was higher than that of non-IVF women (p = 0.007), but no significant difference was observed with the STAI-S score. To conclude, although the second wave of quarantine during COVID-19 epidemic did not significantly increase anxiety in infertile women, it did lead to an increase in other negative emotions and worse family relationships. Patients with long-term infertility treatment and those who have had IVF are more anxious subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Bao Cao
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianjie Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zhaozhuang, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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de Souza KC, Mendes TB, Gomes THS, da Silva AA, Nali LHDS, Bachi ALL, Rossi FE, Gil S, França CN, Neves LM. Medical Students Show Lower Physical Activity Levels and Higher Anxiety Than Physical Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:804967. [PMID: 34975598 PMCID: PMC8716913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.804967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the time in physical activity (PA) [light (LPA), moderate and vigorous (MVPA)] and sedentary behavior (SB) (weekdays, weekends, or both) between Medical (MED) and Physical Education (PE) students who underwent remote classes imposed by the COVID-19. In addition, we compared symptoms of depression and anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study (272 MED and 95 PE students). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Beck Inventory (Anxiety, Depression), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality were used to assess PA and SB, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of sleep, respectively. The data are presented as median and interquartile intervals 25-75. Results: We observed statistically significant differences between MED and PE students for MVPA [MED: 165 min per week (0-360) vs. PE: 420 min per week (180-670), p < 0.001], SB Total [MED: 10 h per day (8-12) vs. PE: 7 h per day (5-10), p < 0.001)], and anxiety symptoms [MED: 13 points (5-23) vs. PE: six points (2-16), p < 0.001)]. Conclusion: Together, our findings indicate that MED students spent less time in MVPA and more time in SB than PE students. MED students also presented worse mental health in the pandemic situation imposed by the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabricio Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Professor at Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gil
- Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Physical inactivity and elevated TV-viewing reported changes during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with mental health: A survey with 43,995 Brazilian adults. J Psychosom Res 2021; 140:110292. [PMID: 33227555 PMCID: PMC7654295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the associations of physical activity and TV-viewing reported changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine with mental health among Brazilian adults with and without depression. METHODS Data of 43,995 Brazilian adults from a cross-sectional, nationwide behavior research were used. Participants reported the frequency on loneliness, sadness (feel sad, crestfallen or depressed) and anxiety (feel worried, anxious or nervous) feelings during the pandemic period. Frequency and duration of physical activity as well as duration of TV-viewing before and during the pandemic period were also reported. We created four categories of reported changes in physical activity (1-consistently active, 2-become active, 3-become inactive or 4-consistently inactive) and TV-viewing (1-consistently high, 2-become low, 3-become high or 4-consistently high). Participants also reported previous diagnoses of depression [yes (PD) or no (nPD). Logistic regression models separating people with and without depression were created. RESULTS Compared to consistently active participants, to become inactive during the pandemic was associated with a higher odds for loneliness [nPD:OR:1.32 (95%CI,1.02-1.70); PD:2.22 (1.21-4.06)], sadness [nPD:1.34 (1.01-1.77); PD:2.88 (1.54-5.36)], and anxiety [nPD:1.71 (1.30-2.25); PD:2.55 (1.20-5.42)]. Also, people with depression and consistently physically inactive presented higher odds for loneliness and sadness. Compared to consistently low TV-viewing, participants that become with high TV-viewing showed higher odds for loneliness [nPD:1.59 (1.37-1.86)], sadness [nPD:1.68 (1.44-1.96); PD:1.61 (1.21 to 2.15)] and anxiety [nPD:1.73 (1.48-2.02); PD:1.58 (1.12-2.23)]. CONCLUSIONS Reported increases in physical inactivity and TV-viewing during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with poorer mental health indicators. People with depression and consistently physically inactivity were more likely to present loneliness and sadness.
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Lu C, Chi X, Liang K, Chen ST, Huang L, Guo T, Jiao C, Yu Q, Veronese N, Soares FC, Grabovac I, Yeung A, Zou L. Moving More and Sitting Less as Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors are Protective Factors for Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1223-1233. [PMID: 33364864 PMCID: PMC7751784 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s284103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate associations of physical activity time (PAT) and sitting time (ST) independently and jointly with insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents in the context of COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 965 adolescents (mean age = 15.26, SD = 0.46) was conducted in May 2020. PAT, ST and the symptoms of insomnia, depression and anxiety were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scales, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale via an online survey platform. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between COVID-19-related fear, PAT, ST and combinations of PAT and ST with insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS COVID-19-related fear was associated with higher odds of insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms. PAT was associated with lower odds of insomnia and depressive symptoms, while ST was associated with higher odds of these three symptoms. After combining PAT and ST, the group with both low PAT and high ST was set as the referent. For insomnia, groups with low ST reported significantly lower odds of symptoms. For depression, groups with high PAT and/or low ST reported lower odds of symptoms. Regarding anxiety, only the group with both high PAT and low ST reported lower odds of symptoms. Generally, group with both high PAT and low ST reported lower odds of the three symptoms than the referent. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related fear was a risk factor for developing insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Fortunately, moving more and sitting less were good for sleep and mental health in Chinese adolescents during the pandemic. Educators should help adolescents to be more physically active in their daily life in the primary prevention of adolescent insomnia, depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Lu
- The Greater Bay Area Institute of Educational Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Chi
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne8001, Australia
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Guo
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Jiao
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Wien1090, Austria
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, People’s Republic of China
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135
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Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jiménez MG, González-González CS, Muñoz-Violant S, Rodríguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, Guerra-Balic M. Psychological Health and Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9419. [PMID: 33334073 PMCID: PMC7765528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been devastating in all senses, particularly psychologically. Physical activity (PA) is known to aid psychological well-being, and it is worth investigating whether PA has been a coping strategy during this pandemic. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the extent to which engaging in PA during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts psychological health in the adult population. The literature was searched in all databases from the EBSCOhost Research Database-MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, between others-published between 1 January 2019 and 15 July 2020. From 180 articles found, 15 were eligible. The reviewed articles showed an association between mental health distress-e.g., stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social isolation, psychological distress-and PA. This research concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures caused psychological distress. Those studies that analyzed PA showed that, during quarantine, adults increased their sedentary time and reduced their PA levels, showing controversial psychological outcomes. This review discusses whether PA is an effective strategy to face the COVID-19 pandemic psychological effects contributing to a further putative increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Muñoz-Violant
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Manuel José Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oriol Sansano-Nadal
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Spain FPCEE-Blanquerna, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (O.S.-N.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Spain FPCEE-Blanquerna, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (O.S.-N.); (M.G.-B.)
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136
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Anyan F, Hjemdal O, Ernstsen L, Havnen A. Change in Physical Activity During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown in Norway: The Buffering Effect of Resilience on Mental Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:598481. [PMID: 33384645 PMCID: PMC7770128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imposition of lockdown restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was sudden and unprecedented and dramatically changed the life of many people, as they were confined to their homes with reduced movement and access to fitness training facilities. Studies have reported significant associations between physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and common mental health problems. This study investigated relations between participants' reports of change in physical activity (PA; i.e., Reduced PA, Unchanged PA, or Increased PA) and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Norway in the time period from March 12, 2020 to June 15, 2020. The relations between age and gender and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms as well as how different levels of resilience influenced the relation between changes in PA and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms were also investigated. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants (N = 1,314; females = 31%) were members of an endurance sports organization aged between 18 and 81 years (M = 49 years; SD = 11.50 years). Participants completed the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and reported their changes in PA after lockdown restrictions were implemented on March 12, 2020. Regression analysis, independent samples t-test, and two-way multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Reduced PA was associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depression symptoms. Younger participants in Reduced PA and Unchanged PA subgroups scored significantly higher on levels of anxiety symptoms and significantly higher on depression symptoms in Unchanged PA subgroup. Females in Unchanged PA and Increased PA subgroups scored significantly higher on levels of anxiety symptoms, whereas no gender differences were found for depression symptoms. The main and interaction effects of change in PA and resilience were significantly associated with depression symptoms. For anxiety symptoms, only the main effect of resilience, but not PA, and the interaction effect were significant. Results further showed that resilience was an important factor that influenced the levels of change in PA. High levels of resilience were associated with lower anxiety and depression symptoms in Reduced, Unchanged, and Increased PA subgroups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Promoting PA while boosting resilience factors such as confidence in own ability and drawing on the social support of even reduced social networks or connections while under lockdown can protect against common mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Anyan
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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137
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Janssen X, Fleming L, Kirk A, Rollins L, Young D, Grealy M, MacDonald B, Flowers P, Williams L. Changes in Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep across the COVID-19 National Lockdown Period in Scotland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9362. [PMID: 33327556 PMCID: PMC7765067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and concomitant restrictions (i.e., lockdown) on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sitting, sleep) in a purposive sample of people (n = 3230) reporting change recruited online. Participants' self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), walking, sitting and sleep prior to lockdown (T1), during the first national lockdown (T2) and as restrictions initially started to ease (T3). For each 24-hour movement behavior, category-shifts are reported (positive, negative or did not change), as well as the percentage of participants recording positive/negative changes across clusters of behaviors and the percentage of participants recording improvement or maintenance of change across time. From T1 to T2 walking decreased, whereas MVPA, sitting and sleep increased, from T2 to T3 levels returned to pre-lockdown for all but MVPA. Participants who changed one behavior positively were more likely to report a positive change in another and 50% of those who reported positive changes from T1 to T2 maintained or improved further when restrictions started to ease. The current study showed that a large proportion of the sample reported positive changes, most notably those displaying initially poor levels of each behavior. These findings will inform salutogenic intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Leanne Fleming
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lesley Rollins
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - David Young
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XH, UK;
| | - Madeleine Grealy
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Bradley MacDonald
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lynn Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
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138
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da Silva JM, Verlengia R, de Oliveira JJ, Ribeiro AGSV, Barbosa CGR, Stotzer US, Crisp AH. Associations between sociodemographic factors and physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults with chronic diseases during COVID-19 pandemic. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:216-220. [PMID: 34189486 PMCID: PMC7676317 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) may be affecting the physical activity (PA) level in much of the population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (SB) among adults with chronic diseases and their associations with sociodemographic factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 249 participants (age: 18–91 years; 61.4% female) with chronic conditions and attended the Family Health Strategy program in a small town in Brazil. Data were collected between 2020-07–13 and 2020-07-24 by face-to-face interviews. Self-reported PA, sitting time, chronic diseases, medication use, sociodemographic data, and self-isolation adherence were obtained by questionnaire. During this specific time point of the COVID-19 pandemic, 71.5% of participants did not meet the PA recommendations (≥500 METs-min/week), and the prevalence of SB risk (≥4 h sitting) was 62.7%. Adjusted logistic regression indicated that male participants (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89 [95% CI 1.02–3.53]), living alone (OR: 2.92 [95% CI 1.03–8.30]) or in a two-person household (OR: 2.32 [95% CI 1.16–4.63]), and those who reported sometimes performing self-isolation (OR: 3.07 [95% CI 1.47–6.40]) were more likely to meet the minimum PA recommendations. Current smokers had a lower odds (OR: 0.36 [95% CI 0.14–0.95]) of meeting the PA recommendations. Older participants (OR: 2.18 [95% CI 1.06–4.50]) and those who had multimorbidity (OR: 1.92 [95% CI 1.07–3.44]) were more likely to have a higher degree of SB. There is an urgent need to mitigate physical inactivity and SB, and public health interventions must take into account sociodemographic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marinho da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rozangela Verlengia
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Jonas de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, University Centre of Itajubá (FEPI), Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Gabriela Reis Barbosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of São Lourenço (UNISEPE), São Lourenço, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Uliana Sbeguen Stotzer
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Harley Crisp
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Rodovia do Açúcar, Km 156 (SP-308), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13.423-170, Brazil.
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139
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Epidemiología del autocuidado más allá de lo individual y lo sanitario. BIOMÉDICA 2020; 40:73-76. [PMID: 33152190 PMCID: PMC7676844 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
En medio de la crisis pandémica a nivel global, la preocupación internacional ha girado en torno a la adopción de medidas de control y prevención orientadas a la reducción de la velocidad de propagación del virus en espera de que se disponga de una medida sanitaria radical como la vacuna. El esfuerzo gubernamental y social ha tenido un gran impacto en diversos sectores de la sociedad y las consecuencias han superado el ámbito sanitario. En este ensayo se discute su alcance en el sentido de la apropiación de las medidas de control del riesgo y se propone el método epidemiológico como una alternativa que va más allá de la cuantificación de los riesgos y la atribución de responsabilidades. Por último, se plantea la necesidad de fomentar procesos de socialización de la información que ayuden a la comprensión de las consecuencias de los actos individuales y favorezcan la superación de la expectativa de control pandémico únicamente basada en el uso de medidas coercitivas.
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140
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Amid Confinement: The BKSQ-COVID-19 Project. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1757-1764. [PMID: 33061709 PMCID: PMC7526007 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s268320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has compelled implementing confinement measure across the globe. These measures can potentially lead to many changes in lifestyle. However, no studies examined the effect of COVID-19-induced confinement on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). METHODS During April and May of 2020, the current study surveyed changes in PA and SB induced by COVID-19 confinement. RESULTS The participants of the study were 1844. Among the participants who were regularly involved in PA, the majority (41.8-42.2%) of the participants reported a "decrease" (p<0.05) in walking, jogging, and sports while the majority (46.3-53.1%) reported a "no change" (p<0.05) in swimming, cycling, and weight lifting. With regard to the SB, most of the participants reported an "increase" in watching TV (72.3%), using electronics (82.7%), and logging to social media (81.9%). Additionally, gender, job type, obesity, and being worried to contract the disease were associated (p<0.05) with changes in PA. On the other hand, age, gender, obesity, job type and income were related (p<0.05) to changes in SB. CONCLUSION Results of the current study might enhance knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle, particularly PA and SB. Subsequently, it can also be used to establish strategies to enhance engagement in activities during the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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