101
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Li X, Li M, Xu L, Liu C, Zhao W, Cheng C, He N. Allometry and Distribution of Nitrogen in Natural Plant Communities of the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845813. [PMID: 35360321 PMCID: PMC8963499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important element for most terrestrial ecosystems; its variation among different plant organs, and allocation mechanisms are the basis for the structural stability and functional optimization of natural plant communities. The nature of spatial variations of N and its allocation mechanisms in plants in the Tibetan Plateau-known as the world's third pole-have not been reported on a large scale. In this study, we consistently investigated the N content in different organs of plants in 1564 natural community plots in Tibet Plateau, using a standard spatial-grid sampling setup. On average, the N content was estimated to be 19.21, 4.12, 1.14, and 10.86 mg g-1 in the leaf, branch, trunk, and root, respectively, with small spatial variations. Among organs in communities, leaves were the most active, and had the highest N content, independent of the spatial location; as for vegetation type, communities dominated by herbaceous plants had higher N content than those dominated by woody plants. Furthermore, the allocation of N among different plant organs was allometric, and not significantly influenced by vegetation types and environmental factors; the homeostasis of N was also not affected much by the environment, and varied among the plant organs. In addition, the N allocation strategy within Tibet Plateau for different plant organs was observed to be consistent with that in China. Our findings systematically explore for the first time, the spatial variations in N and allometric mechanisms in natural plant communities in Tibet Plateau and establish a spatial-parameters database to optimize N cycle models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxu Li,
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzong Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Cheng
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Nianpeng He,
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102
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Rabideau‐Childers R, Angier KIW, Dean BZM, Blumstein M, Darling WS, Kennedy‐Yoon A, Ziemke CH, Perez‐Martinez CA, Wu D, Ye W, Yekwayo I, Kimuyu DM, Martins DJ, Pierce NE. Evidence of nutrient translocation in response to smoke exposure by the East African ant acacia, Vachellia drepanolobium. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8244. [PMID: 35126997 PMCID: PMC8794709 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire is a major selective force on arid grassland communities, favoring traits such as the smoke-induced seed germination response seen in a wide variety of plant species. However, little is known about the relevance of smoke as a cue for plants beyond the seedling stage.We exposed a fire-adapted savanna tree, Vachellia (=Acacia) drepanolobium, to smoke and compared nutrient concentrations in leaf and root tissues to unexposed controls. Experiments were performed on three age cohorts: 2-year-old, 9-month-old, and 3-month-old plants.For the 2-year-old plants exposed to smoke, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were lower in the leaves and higher in the roots than controls. Less pronounced trends were found for boron and magnesium.In contrast, smoke-exposed 3-month-old plants had lower root nitrogen concentrations than controls. No significant differences were found in the 9-month-old plants, and no significant shifts in other nutrient concentrations were observed between plant tissues for any of the three age cohorts. Synthesis: Our findings are consistent with smoke-induced translocation of nutrients from leaves to roots in 2-year-old V. drepanolobium. This could represent a novel form of fire adaptation, with variation over the course of plant development. The translocation differences between age cohorts highlight the need to investigate smoke response in older plants of other species. Accounting for this adaptation could better inform our understanding of savanna community structure and nutrient flows under fire regimes altered by anthropogenic land use and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rabideau‐Childers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katherine I. W. Angier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brendan Z. M. Dean
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan Blumstein
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Walker S. Darling
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Annina Kennedy‐Yoon
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Clayton H. Ziemke
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christian A. Perez‐Martinez
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Donghao Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Inam Yekwayo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaMbombelaSouth Africa
| | - Duncan M. Kimuyu
- Department of Natural ResourcesKaratina UniversityKaratinaKenya
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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103
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Conchillo LB, Haro R, Benito B. K+ Nutrition Exchange in the Serendipita-Arabidopsis Symbiosis: Study of the Fungal K+ Transporters Involved. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.789371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the root-colonizing endosymbiotic fungus Serendipita indica improves plant growth. The beneficial effects have been observed when plants are growing in optimal conditions or under nutritionally deficient soils (e.g., phosphate poor soil) or exposed to stressful environmental conditions such as drought or salinity. However, until now its role in the nutrition of other plant essential macronutrient, such as K+, has not been fully clarified. Here, we study the role of the fungus in the K+ nutrition of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, during growth under K+ limiting conditions. As a first step, we studied the high-affinity K+ uptake of the plant and fungus when growing separately and in symbiosis. In the search for putative fungal actors involved in K+ nutrition, we also have cloned and functionally characterized the K+ transporters of S. indica SiHAK1, SiTRK1, SiTRK2, and SiTOK1, among which it has been shown that SiHAK1 is the main transporter involved in the K+ uptake in the high affinity range of concentrations. In addition, a gene expression study of these transporters and other candidates that could participate in the K+ homeostasis of the fungus has been carried out. The results indicated that, contrary to what happens with P nutrition, S. indica seems not to improve neither the growth nor the plant K+ reserves during K+ starvation. Instead, this nutritionally restrictive condition favored fungal colonization, suggesting that the fungus obtains the greatest benefit in K+ supply during symbiosis.
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104
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Urwat U, Ahmad SM, Masi A, Ganai NA, Murtaza I, Khan I, Zargar SM. Fe and Zn stress induced gene expression analysis unraveled mechanisms of mineral homeostasis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:24026. [PMID: 34912040 PMCID: PMC8674274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) stress significantly affects fundamental metabolic and physiological processes in plants that results in reduction of plant growth and development. In the present study, common bean variety; Shalimar French Bean-1 (SFB-1) was used as an experimental material. Four different MGRL media i.e. normal MGRL medium (Control), media without Fe (0-Fe), media without Zn (0-Zn) and media with excess Zn (300-Zn) were used for growing seeds of SFB-1 under in vitro condition for three weeks under optimum conditions. Three week old shoot and root tissues were harvested from the plants grown in these four different in vitro conditions and were, subjected to Fe and Zn estimation. Further, extraction of total RNA for differential gene expression of ten candidate genes selected based on our in silico investigation and their classification, phylogeny and expression pattern was unraveled. Expression analysis of three candidate genes (OPT3, NRAMP2 and NRAMP3) in roots revealed possible cross talk among Fe/Zn stress that was further confirmed by observing less accumulation of Fe in roots under both these conditions. However, we observed, higher accumulation of Fe in shoots under 0-Fe condition compared to control that suggests precise sensing for priority based compartmentalization and partitioning leading to higher accumulation of Fe in shoots. Furthermore, the expression analysis of IRT1, FRO1 and Ferritin 1 genes under Fe/Zn stress suggested their role in uptake/transport and signaling of Fe and Zn, whereas the expression of ZIP2, NRAMP1, HA2 and GLP1 genes were highly responsive to Zn in Phaseolus vulgaris. The identified genes highly responsive to Fe and Zn stress condition can be potential candidates for overcoming mineral stress in dicot crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uneeb Urwat
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama Campus, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nazir Ahmad Ganai
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama Campus, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Imtiyaz Murtaza
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Divisions of Basic Sciences, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama Campus, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Imran Khan
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Statistics, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama Campus, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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105
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Bento TS, Moffett MB, Centeno DC, Scrocco APD, Fox A, Palmer AG. Biomass allocation in response to accession recognition in Arabidopsis thaliana depends on nutrient availability and plant age. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:2004025. [PMID: 35057709 PMCID: PMC9208805 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms have evolved to identify and respond to differences in genetic relatedness between conspecifics, allowing them to select between competitive and facilitative strategies to improve fitness. Due to their sessile nature, plants frequently draw from the same pool of nutrients, and the ability to limit competition between closely related conspecifics would be advantageous. Studies with Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed that plants can detect variations at the accession level and alter their root system architecture (RSA) in response, presumably for regulating nutrient uptake. The phenotypic impact of this accession-recognition on the RSA is influenced by nutrient availability, underscoring the importance of plant-plant recognition in their growth and fitness. Thus far, these observations have been limited to short-term studies (<21 days) of only the RSA of this model angiosperm. Here we exploit nutrient-mediated regulation of accession-recognition to observe how this plant-plant recognition phenomenon influences growth from germination to flowering in A. thaliana. Our work identifies root and shoot traits that are affected by nutrient-mediated accession recognition. By coupling phenotypic assays to mass spectrometry-based studies of primary metabolite distribution, we provide preliminary insight into the biochemical underpinnings of the changes observed during these plant-plant responses. Most notably that late-stage changes in sucrose metabolism in members of the same accession drove early flowering. This work underscores the need to evaluate accession-recognition under the context of nutrient availability and consider responses throughout the plant's life, not simply at the earliest stages of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiara S. Bento
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Mark B. Moffett
- Department of Aerospace, Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Danilo C. Centeno
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas, Universidade Federal Do Abc, São Bernardo Do Campo, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula D. Scrocco
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Fisiologia E Bioquímica de Plantas, Avenida Miguel Stéfano, Brazil
| | - Austin Fox
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew G. Palmer
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
- Aldrin Space Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
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106
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Decoupling of P from C, N, and K Elements in Cucumber Leaves Caused by Nutrient Imbalance under a Greenhouse Continuous Cropping System. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient information regarding the stoichiometric variation and coupling status of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves of nutrient-enriched greenhouse agroecosystems with increasing planting time. Therefore, we assessed the variation in elemental stoichiometry ratios in soil and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves, and the coupling status of elemental utilization in the leaves under continuous cropping systems using natural (only soil; i.e., control soil, CO) and artificial (soil + straw + chicken + urea; i.e., straw mixture soil, ST) soil via monitoring studies for 11 years in a solar greenhouse. Soil organic C, total N, and total P concentrations increased by 63.4%, 72.7%, and 144.3% in the CO, respectively, after 11 years of cultivation (compared to the first year), and by 18.1%, 24.3%, and 117.7% in the ST under continuous cropping conditions, respectively. Total K concentrations remained unchanged in both soils. Moreover, the availability of these soil elements increased to different degrees in both soils after 11 years of planting. Additionally, the leaf P concentration increased by 9.8% in the CO, while leaf N and K concentrations did not change, suggesting decoupling of P utilization from that of N and K in leaves under a continuous cropping system. These findings suggest that imbalanced soil nutrients under continuous cropping conditions results in decoupling of P from N and K in the utilization of leaf nutrients.
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107
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March‐Salas M, van Kleunen M, Fitze PS. Effects of intrinsic precipitation‐predictability on root traits, allocation strategies and the selective regimes acting on them. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí March‐Salas
- Goethe Univ. Frankfurt, Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Dept of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Dept of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Inst. Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC) Jaca Spain
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou China
| | - Patrick S. Fitze
- Dept of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Dept of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Inst. Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC) Jaca Spain
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108
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Kocourková D, Kroumanová K, Podmanická T, Daněk M, Martinec J. Phospholipase Dα1 Acts as a Negative Regulator of High Mg 2+-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770794. [PMID: 34899793 PMCID: PMC8656112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a macronutrient involved in essential cellular processes. Its deficiency or excess is a stress factor for plants, seriously affecting their growth and development and therefore, its accurate regulation is essential. Recently, we discovered that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) activity is vital in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions in Arabidopsis roots. This study shows that PLDα1 acts as a negative regulator of high-Mg2+-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The level of phosphatidic acid produced by PLDα1 and the amount of PLDα1 in the leaves increase in plants treated with high Mg2+. A knockout mutant of PLDα1 (pldα1-1), exhibits premature leaf senescence under high-Mg2+ conditions. In pldα1-1 plants, higher accumulation of abscisic and jasmonic acid (JA) and impaired magnesium, potassium and phosphate homeostasis were observed under high-Mg2+ conditions. High Mg2+ also led to an increase of starch and proline content in Arabidopsis plants. While the starch content was higher in pldα1-1 plants, proline content was significantly lower in pldα1-1 compared with wild type plants. Our results show that PLDα1 is essential for Arabidopsis plants to cope with the pleiotropic effects of high-Mg2+ stress and delay the leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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109
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Chen G, Li Y, Jin C, Wang J, Wang L, Wu J. Physiological and Morphological Responses of Hydroponically Grown Pear Rootstock Under Phosphorus Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:696045. [PMID: 34858445 PMCID: PMC8631779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of fruit trees, playing an important role in photosynthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and enzyme activity regulation. The plasticity of plant phenotypic has been investigated in diverse species under conditions of P-deficiency or P-excess. Based on these researches, P level fluctuations in different species result in different characteristics of the response. Nevertheless, little is known about the response of pear seedling rootstock (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) to the changing of P levels. To explore the effects of different levels of P on the growth of pear seedling rootstock, we performed the hydroponic assays to determine and analyze the biological indexes including growth parameters, photosynthetic rate, root and shoot morphological traits, and concentrations of macro- and micronutrients. The results show that either deficiency or excess of P inhibited the growth and development of pear seedling rootstock. Root growth (down 44.8%), photosynthetic rate (down 59.8%), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity (down 44.4%) were inhibited under the P-deficiency conditions (0mM), compared with normal P conditions (1mM). On the other hand, dark green leaves, suppression of root elongation (down 18.8%), and photosynthetic rate (down 25%) were observed under regimes of excessive P, compared with normal P conditions (1mM). Furthermore, the root concentration of not only P, but also those of other mineral nutrients were affected by either P treatment. In brief, these results indicated that a careful choice of P fertilizer supply is crucial to ensuring normal growth and development of pear seedling rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Cong Jin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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110
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Olivera-Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martinez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M, Calero-Hurtado A, Barreto RF, Peña K. Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects? PLANTA 2021; 254:104. [PMID: 34686920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought alone and drought plus warming will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions of Stylosanthes capitata, while warming will be advantageous only under well-watered condition for the next decades. Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies that investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2 °C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant organ. In general, we found that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration were greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2 °C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera-Viciedo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martinez
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Calero-Hurtado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Kolima Peña
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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111
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Li D, Liu J, Zong J, Guo H, Li J, Wang J, Wang H, Li L, Chen J. Integration of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the mechanism of resistance to low nitrogen supply in wild bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:480. [PMID: 34674655 PMCID: PMC8532362 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that significantly affects turf quality. Commercial cultivars of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) require large amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer. Wild bermudagrass germplasm from natural habitats with poor nutrition and diverse N distributions is an important source for low-N-tolerant cultivated bermudagrass breeding. However, the mechanisms underlying the differences in N utilization among wild germplasm resources of bermudagrass are not clear. RESULTS To clarify the low N tolerance mechanism in wild bermudagrass germplasm, the growth, physiology, metabolome and transcriptome of two wild accessions, C291 (low-N-tolerant) and C716 (low-N-sensitive), were investigated. The results showed that root growth was less inhibited in low-N-tolerant C291 than in low-N-sensitive C716 under low N conditions; the root dry weight, soluble protein content and free amino acid content of C291 did not differ from those of the control, while those of C716 were significantly decreased. Down-regulation of N acquisition, primary N assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis was less pronounced in C291 than in C716 under low N conditions; glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway were also down-regulated, accompanied by a decrease in the biosynthesis of amino acids; strikingly, processes such as translation, biosynthesis of the structural constituent of ribosome, and the expression of individual aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes, most of genes associated with ribosomes related to protein synthesis were all up-regulated in C291, but down-regulated in C716. CONCLUSIONS Overall, low-N-tolerant wild bermudagrass tolerated low N nutrition by reducing N primary assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis, while promoting the root protein synthesis process and thereby maintaining root N status and normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junqin Zong
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Azevedo RP, Alves NM, Costa IA, Domingues MIS, Bandória NDA, de Figueiredo UJ, de Medeiros FHV, Silva BM, Cardoso PG. Endophytic Fungi Assures Tropical Forage Grass Growth by Water Stress Tolerances. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:4060-4071. [PMID: 34636936 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forage plants is the base of beef and dairy cattle production. While water stress limits agricultural production worldwide, endophytic fungi can play a beneficial role for plants, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of the endophytic fungi Paraconiothyrium estuarinum (CML 3695, CML 3696, CML 3699) and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides (CML 3697, CML 3698) on agronomic characteristics of two forage species, Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich) Stapf. cv. Marandu and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. BRS Mombaça, under different available water capacities. The treatments simulated a long drought period (LDH) equivalent to 10% of the available water capacity (AWC) and simulated 7 (7 DH) and 14 days of drought (14 DH) without water supply. The grasses were evaluated for length and dry weight of shoots and roots. All treatments reached humidity below the permanent wilting point (PWP) and the highest variation in soil moisture was observed at 14 DH, for both grass species. The endophytic fungi promoted an average 15% increase in shoot length (SL) for B. brizantha and an increase of 34% for SL, 266% for Dry Shoot Mass (SDM), and 340% for Dry Root Mass (RDM) for M. maximus treated with P. estuarinum (CML 3699) at 7 DH. Paraconiothyrium estuarinum (CML 3699) guaranteed the highest tolerance to water deficit and sustainable growth performance to both tested grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Passaglia Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Natálie Martins Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Araújo Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Montoani Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
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113
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Distinct responses of frond and root to increasing nutrient availability in a floating clonal plant. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258253. [PMID: 34634063 PMCID: PMC8504747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on responses of aquatic clonal plants to resource availability is largely based on studies manipulating limited resource levels, which may have failed to capture the “big picture” for aquatic clonal plants in response to resource availability. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew the floating clonal plant Spirodela polyrhiza under ten nutrient levels (i.e., 1/64×, 1/32×, 1/16×, 1/8×, 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8×full-strength Hoagland solution) and examined their responses in terms of clonal growth, morphology and biomass allocations. The responses of total biomass and number of ramets to nutrient availability were unimodal. A similar pattern was found for frond mass, frond length and frond width, even though area per frond and specific frond area fluctuated greatly in response to nutrient availability. In contrast, the responses of root mass and root length to nutrient availability were U-shaped. Moreover, S. polyrhiza invested more to roots under lower nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that nutrient availability may have distinct influences on roots and fronds of the aquatic clonal plant S. polyrhiza, resulting in a great influence on the whole S. polyrhiza population.
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114
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Xu J, Wang X, Zhu H, Yu F. Maize Genotypes With Different Zinc Efficiency in Response to Low Zinc Stress and Heterogeneous Zinc Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736658. [PMID: 34691112 PMCID: PMC8531504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All over the world, a common problem in the soil is the low content of available zinc (Zn), which is unevenly distributed and difficult to move. However, information on the foraging strategies of roots in response to heterogeneous Zn supply is still very limited. Few studies have analyzed the adaptability of maize inbred lines with different Zn efficiencies to different low Zn stress time lengths in maize. This study analyzed the effects of different time lengths of low Zn stress on various related traits in different inbred lines. In addition, morphological plasticity of roots and the response of Zn-related important gene iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) were studied via simulating the heterogeneity of Zn nutrition in the soil. In this report, when Zn deficiency stress duration was extended (from 14 to 21 days), under Zn-deficient supply (0.5 μM), Zn efficiency (ZE) based on shoot dry weight of Wu312 displayed no significant difference, and ZE for Ye478 was increased by 92.9%. Under longer-term Zn deficiency, shoot, and root dry weights of Ye478 were 6.5 and 2.1-fold higher than those of Wu312, respectively. Uneven Zn supply strongly inhibited the development of some root traits in the -Zn region. Difference in shoot dry weights between Wu312 and Ye478 was larger in T1 (1.97 times) than in T2 (1.53 times). Under heterogeneous condition of Zn supply, both the -Zn region and the +Zn region upregulated the expressions of ZmZIP3, ZmZIP4, ZmZIP5, ZmZIP7, and ZmZIP8 in the roots of two inbred lines. These results indicate that extended time length of low-Zn stress will enlarge the difference of multiple physiological traits, especially biomass, between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines. There were significant genotypic differences of root morphology in response to heterogeneous Zn supply. Compared with split-supply with +Zn/+Zn, the difference of above-ground biomass between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines under split-supply with -Zn/+Zn was higher. Under the condition of heterogeneous Zn supply, several ZmZIP genes may play important roles in tolerance to low Zn stress, which can provide a basis for further functional characterization.
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115
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Kaur G, Shukla V, Meena V, Kumar A, Tyagi D, Singh J, Kandoth PK, Mantri S, Rouached H, Pandey AK. Physiological and molecular responses to combinatorial iron and phosphate deficiencies in hexaploid wheat seedlings. Genomics 2021; 113:3935-3950. [PMID: 34606916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are the essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. However, the molecular interaction of the Fe and P pathways in crops remained largely obscure. In this study, we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of hexaploid wheat response to single (Fe, P) and its combinatorial deficiencies. Our data showed that inhibition of the primary root growth occurs in response to Fe deficiency; however, growth was rescued when combinatorial deficiencies occurred. Analysis of RNAseq revealed that distinct molecular rearrangements during combined deficiencies with predominance for genes related to metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis primarily include genes for UDP-glycosyltransferase, cytochrome-P450s, and glutathione metabolism. Interestingly, the Fe-responsive cis-regulatory elements in the roots in Fe stress conditions were enriched compared to the combined stress. Our metabolome data also revealed the accumulation of distinct metabolites such as amino-isobutyric acid, arabinonic acid, and aconitic acid in the combined stress environment. Overall, these results are essential in developing new strategies to improve the resilience of crops in limited nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Deepshikha Tyagi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Punjab, India
| | - Pramod Kaitheri Kandoth
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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116
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Sun T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wei Q, Zhou B. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the response mechanism of apple to different phosphorus stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:639-650. [PMID: 34481154 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important element in numerous metabolic reactions and signalling pathways, but the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, physiological, transcriptome and metabolite analyses of apple leaves and roots were compared under different P conditions. The results showed that different P stresses influenced phenotypic characteristics, soil plant analytical development (SPAD) values and the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins in apple seedlings. The contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and purple acid phosphatase (PAP) were also affected by different P stresses. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to characterize the influence of different P stresses on apple seedlings. Compared with control apple plants, there were 1246 and 1183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots under the low-P treatment and 60 and 1030 DEGs in leaves and roots under the high-P treatment, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that apple trees might change their responses to metabolic processes, cell proliferation, regulation of biological processes, reactive oxygen species metabolic processes and flavonoid metabolic processes under P stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis further indicated that DEGs act on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The metabolome analysis revealed that the levels of most amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids and flavonoids in roots treated with low-P stress were higher than those in roots of apple seedlings under control growth conditions. Apple seedlings regulate the flavonoid pathway to respond to different phosphorus environments. The results provide a framework for understanding the metabolic processes underlying different P responses and provide a foundation for improving the utilization efficiency of P in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Minji Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China.
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He Q, Xiang S, Wang W, Shu Y, Li Z, Wang S, Chen L, Yang X, Zhao T. Transcriptomic and photosynthetic responses to grafting of the Nod1 gene in nodulated and non-nodulated soybeans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab209. [PMID: 34544123 PMCID: PMC8496209 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia to convert N2 into ammonia, and the nodulation status can affect plant development including photosynthesis. However, the relationship between nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis during carbon and nitrogen metabolism remains unclear. This study was undertaken to unravel regulation of nodulation and photosynthesis using a spontaneous nonnodulated soybean mutant by grafting. The results of inheritance and gene mapping showed that the nonnodulated mutant was controlled by a recessive gene overlapped with the reported rj1 locus, and might be a new rj1 allele with 1 bp deletion in the fourth exon in comparison to the sequence of normal nodulation plants. According to grafting results, soybean nodulation is obviously determined by the roots, not the seedlings. Moreover, nitrogen content along with related metabolic enzyme activity, and photosynthetic capacity were enhanced by nonnodulated scions grafted with nodulated roots. Contrary results were obtained for nodulated scions grafted with nonnodulated roots. A total of 853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and 1874 in the roots were identified by transcriptome analyses of the grafting treatments. We identified 285 differential gene ontology (GO) terms and 57 differential pathway terms identified in the leaves, while 856 differential GO terms and 207 differential pathway terms in the roots. Twenty DEGs interacting at translation level were selected, and the results of transcriptome analyses were verified by q-PCR. These findings indicated that the nodulation-related Nod allelic gene increases the nitrogen content of nonnodulated plants, which affects the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, leading to changes in hormone levels and further regulation of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan He
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Soybean Research Institute/National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/Ministry of Agriculture/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shihua Xiang
- Zigong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Wubin Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/Ministry of Agriculture/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Songhua Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute/National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/Ministry of Agriculture/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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118
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Nowak K, Giertych MJ, Pers-Kamczyc E, Thomas PA, Iszkuło G. Rich but not poor conditions determine sex-specific differences in growth rate of juvenile dioecious plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:947-962. [PMID: 33860903 PMCID: PMC8364908 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Causes of secondary sexual dimorphism (SSD) in dioecious plants are very poorly understood, especially in woody plants. SSD is shown mainly in mature plants, but little is known about whether secondary sexual dimorphism can occur in juveniles. It is also assumed that stress conditions intensify differences between the sexes due to the uneven reproductive effort. Therefore, the following research hypotheses were tested: (1) secondary sexual dimorphism will be visible in juveniles; (2) unfavourable soil conditions are the cause of more pronounced differences between the sexes. Rooted shoots of the common yew (Taxus baccata L.) and common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), previously harvested from parental individuals of known sex were used in the study. During two growing seasons vegetation periods and four times a year, comprehensive morphological features of whole plants were measured. Some SSD traits were visible in the analysed juveniles. Contrary to expectations, differences were more pronounced in the fertilized treatment. Both species reacted to fertilization in different ways. Female yew had a clearly higher total plant mass, root mass, and mean root area when fertilized, whereas male juniper had a higher root mass when fertilized. Differences between the sexes independent of the fertilization treatment were seen, which can be interpreted as sexual adaptations to a continued reproduction. Female yews and male junipers made better use of fertile habitats. Our study showed that SSD may be innate, and sexual compensatory mechanisms could generate uneven growth and development of both sexes. Because the SSD pattern was rather different in both species, it was confirmed that SSD is connected with the specific life histories of specific species rather than a universal strategy of dioecious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nowak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Marian J Giertych
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | | | - Grzegorz Iszkuło
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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119
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Réthoré E, Jing L, Ali N, Yvin JC, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA. K Deprivation Modulates the Primary Metabolites and Increases Putrescine Concentration in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681895. [PMID: 34484256 PMCID: PMC8409508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and is involved in different physiological and biochemical functions in plants. Brassica napus needs higher amount of nutrients like nitrogen (N), K, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and boron (B) than cereal crops. Previous studies in B. napus are mainly focused on the role of N and S or combined deficiencies. Hence, little is known about the response of B. napus to K deficiency. Here, a physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis led us to investigate the response of hydroponically grown B. napus plants to K deficiency. The results showed that B. napus was highly sensitive to the lack of K. The lower uptake and translocation of K induced BnaHAK5 expression and significantly declined the growth of B. napus after 14 days of K starvation. The lower availability of K was associated with a decrease in the concentration of both S and N and modulated the genes involved in their uptake and transport. In addition, the lack of K induced an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration which led partially to the accumulation of positive charge. Moreover, a decrease in the level of arginine as a positively charged amino acid was observed which was correlated with a substantial increase in the polyamine, putrescine (Put). Furthermore, K deficiency induced the expression of BnaNCED3 as a key gene in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway which was associated with an increase in the levels of ABA. Our findings provided a better understanding of the response of B. napus to K starvation and will be useful for considering the importance of K nutrition in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Lun Jing
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
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120
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Singh NRR, Sarma SS, Rao TN, Pant H, Srikanth VVSS, Kumar R. Cryo-milled nano-DAP for enhanced growth of monocot and dicot plants. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4834-4842. [PMID: 36134311 PMCID: PMC9418578 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting macronutrient that regulates plant growth and development based on the bioavailability of its inorganic form, i.e., orthophosphate (Pi). P plays a critical role in cell development, and it is a key component of ATP, DNA, lipids, and cell signaling machinery. Without the exogenous application of P fertilizers, the yield of crops will not meet the ever-growing demand in today's world. However, due to the non-renewable nature of natural P reserves and simultaneous rapid human population growth, food crops must be ultimately produced more than ever by using a lower P fertilizer input. Hence, the strategy of preparing nano-fertilizers was conceptualized and demonstrated with great success. For example, nano-diammonium phosphate (n-DAP) performed far better than the commercial granular DAP (c-DAP). However, nano-fertilizers, including n-DAP, cannot be produced on a large scale using the available processing methods. Herein, a novel processing strategy, namely cryo-milling, is demonstrated to prepare n-DAP on a kg-scale without altering DAP's bonding structure. Cryo-milling involves milling at liquid N2 temperatures and therefore helps in brittle fracture of coarser DAP particles into n-DAP particles. Cryo-milled n-DAP, with particle size ∼5000 times smaller but specific surface area ∼14 000 times greater than that of c-DAP, enhanced the growth of monocot (wheat) and dicot (tomato) plants due to improved bioavailability of Pi even for a far lower input than c-DAP. Phenotypic observations such as higher leaf biomass, longer shoots, shorter roots, and less anthocyanin pigmentation manifested the extraordinary efficacy of cryo-milled n-DAP for 75% lower input than c-DAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naorem Ronald Reagan Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad - 500046 Telangana India
| | - Sreedhara Sudhakara Sarma
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) Hyderabad - 500005 Telangana India
| | - Tata Narsinga Rao
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) Hyderabad - 500005 Telangana India
| | - Harita Pant
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad - 500046 Telangana India
| | | | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad - 500046 Telangana India
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Li H, Li J, Zhang X, Shi T, Chai X, Hou P, Wang Y. Mesophyll conductance, photoprotective process and optimal N partitioning are essential to the maintenance of photosynthesis at N deficient condition in a wheat yellow-green mutant (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153469. [PMID: 34252704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency is the inhibition on CO2 assimilation regulated by light energy absorption, transport and conversion, as well as N allocation. In this study, a yellow-green wheat mutant (Jimai5265yg) and its wild type (Jimai5265, WT) were compared between 0 mM N (N0) and 14 mM N (N14) treatments using hydroponic experiments. The mutant exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (An) than WT despite low chlorophyll (Chl) content in non-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic advantages of the mutant were maintained under N deficient condition. The quantitative analysis of limitations to photosynthesis revealed that CO2 diffusion associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) was the dominant limitation. Relative easiness to gain CO2 in the chloroplast contributed to the higher An of Jimai5265yg. N deficiency induced the photoinhibition of PSII, but the cyclic electron transport and photochemical activity of PSI was higher in Jimai5265yg compared to Jimai5265, which was a protective mechanism to avoid photodamage. Because of the sharp drop of An, N deficient seedlings had much lower photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). However, N deficiency increased the relative content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) and decreased the relative content of storage N (Nstore). The range of change in N partitioning induced by N deficiency was smaller for Jimai5265yg compared to WT. The less insensitive to N deficiency for the mutant in terms of photosynthetic property and N partitioning suggested that gm, cyclic electron transport around PSI and more optimal N partitioning pattern is necessary to sustain photosynthesis under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peijia Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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122
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van Duijnen R, Uther H, Härdtle W, Temperton VM, Kumar A. Timing matters: Distinct effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application timing on root system architecture responses. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:194-205. [PMID: 37283701 PMCID: PMC10168076 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aims Although different plant foraging responses to the two macronutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are well researched, the effect of timing of fertilizer application on root system architecture (RSA) remains largely unknown. We, therefore, aimed to understand how RSA of Hordeum vulgare L. responds to timing of N and P application. Methods Plants were grown in rhizoboxes for 38 days in nutrient-poor soil and watered with nutrient solution, lacking either N or P, with the absent nutrient applied once either 2/3/4 weeks after sowing. Positive controls were continuously receiving N and P and a negative control receiving both N and P only after 3 weeks. We tracked root growth over time, measured plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Results Late N application strongly reduced total root biomass and visible root length compared with continuous NP and late P application. Root mass fractions (total root biomass/total plant biomass) remained similar over all treatments, but relative allocation (% of total root biomass) was higher in lower depth with late N application. Shoot P concentrations remained relatively stable, but the plants receiving P later had higher N concentrations. Conclusions Late N application had overall more negative effects on early plant growth compared with late P. We propose that future studies under field conditions should try to disentangle the effect of timing from the nutrient availability on RSA responses and hence ultimately plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard van Duijnen
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Hannah Uther
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of EcologyFaculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University LüneburgLüneburgGermany
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Zhang B, Yuan Y, Shu L, Grosholz E, Guo Y, Hastings A, Cuda JP, Zhang J, Zhai L, Qiu J. Scaling up experimental stress responses of grass invasion to predictions of continental-level range suitability. Ecology 2021; 102:e03417. [PMID: 34043815 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the biological invasion is driven by environmental factors will improve model prediction and advance early detection, especially in the context of accelerating anthropogenic ecological changes. Although a large body of studies has examined how favorable environments promote biological invasions, a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of invasive species response to unfavorable/stressful conditions is still developing. Grass invasion has been problematic across the globe; in particular, C4 grass invaders, with high drought tolerance, adaptations to high temperatures, and high water use efficiency, could become more severe. Here, we conducted a rigorous microcosm experiment, with one of the most damaging invasive C4 grass, cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), to explore how cogongrass responds to soil water and nutrient stress. We further integrated the results of the microcosm study with a species distribution model to (1) corroborate greenhouse results with field observations and (2) validate the robustness of our findings at subcontinental scales. Both the microcosm experiments and species distribution model agreed that soil water stress had a stronger impact on cogongrass than the nutrient one. New vegetative growth of cogongrass continued to be inhibited by the prior water stress. The significant water effect on cogongrass total biomass was supported by the finding that both allometric and biochemical traits of cogongrass did not show significant responses to the changes in water treatment. Different to the conventional wisdom that nutrient enrichment plays a bigger role in facilitating biological invasions, this study highlighted the possibility that water conditions may have a more substantial effect on some aggressive invaders. Therefore, an important implication of this study on biological conservation is that field managers might take advantage of the negative effect of global drought on some invasive species to increase the efficiency of their controlling efforts because invasive species may become more vulnerable under drought effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, 008C Agriculture Hall, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yingdan Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, No. 88, Daxue South Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China
| | - Lele Shu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Guansu, 730000, China
| | - Edwin Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
| | - James P Cuda
- Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, 008C Agriculture Hall, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Jiangxiao Qiu
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
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Santos EF, Pongrac P, Reis AR, Rabêlo FHS, Azevedo RA, White PJ, Lavres J. Unravelling homeostasis effects of phosphorus and zinc nutrition by leaf photochemistry and metabolic adjustment in cotton plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13746. [PMID: 34215834 PMCID: PMC8253838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) uptake and its physiological use in plants are interconnected and are tightly controlled. However, there is still conflicting information about the interactions of these two nutrients, thus a better understanding of nutritional homeostasis is needed. The objective of this work was to evaluate responses of photosynthesis parameters, P-Zn nutritional homeostasis and antioxidant metabolism to variation in the P × Zn supply of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plants were grown in pots and watered with nutrient solution containing combinations of P and Zn supply. An excess of either P or Zn limited plant growth, reduced photosynthesis-related parameters, and antioxidant scavenging enzymes. Phosphorus uptake favoured photochemical dissipation of energy decreasing oxidative stress, notably on Zn-well-nourished plants. On the other hand, excessive P uptake reduces Zn-shoot concentration and decreasing carbonic anhydrase activity. Adequate Zn supply facilitated adaptation responses to P deficiency, upregulating acid phosphatase activity, whereas Zn and P excess were alleviated by increasing P and Zn supply, respectively. Collectively, the results showed that inter ionic effects of P and Zn uptake affected light use and CO2 assimilation rate on photosynthesis, activation of antioxidant metabolism, acid phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase activities, and plant growth-related responses to different extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13416-000, Brazil.
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Kumar S, Chugh C, Seem K, Kumar S, Vinod KK, Mohapatra T. Characterization of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes reveals the Pi-efficient schema for phosphate starvation tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:282. [PMID: 34154533 PMCID: PMC8215752 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P), being one of the essential components of nucleic acids, cell membranes and enzymes, indispensable for diverse cellular processes like photosynthesis/carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, redox homeostasis and signaling. Crop yield is severely affected due to Phosphate (Pi) deficiency; and to cope with Pi-deficiency, plants have evolved several strategies. Some rice genotypes are compatible with low Pi availability, whereas others are sensitive to Pi deficiency. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for low Pi tolerance remains largely unexplored. RESULT Several studies were carried out to understand Pi-deficiency responses in rice at seedling stage, but few of them targeted molecular aspects/responses of Pi-starvation at the advanced stage of growth. To delineate the molecular mechanisms for low Pi tolerance, a pair of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes [viz. Pusa-44 (Pi-deficiency sensitive) and its near isogenic line (NIL-23, Pi-deficiency tolerant) harboring Phosphorus uptake 1 (Pup1) QTL from an aus landrace Kasalath] were used. Comparative morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses confirmed some of the well-known findings. Transcriptome analysis of shoot and root tissues from 45-day-old rice plants grown hydroponically under P-sufficient (16 ppm Pi) or P-starved (0 ppm Pi) medium revealed that Pi-starvation stress causes global transcriptional reprogramming affecting several transcription factors, signaling pathways and other regulatory genes. We could identify several significantly up-regulated genes in roots of NIL-23 under Pi-starvation which might be responsible for the Pi starvation tolerance. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant role of certain phosphatases, transporters, transcription factors, carbohydrate metabolism, hormone-signaling, and epigenetic processes in improving P-starvation stress tolerance in NIL-23. CONCLUSION We report the important candidate mechanisms for Pi acquisition/solubilization, recycling, remobilization/transport, sensing/signalling, genetic/epigenetic regulation, and cell wall structural changes to be responsible for P-starvation tolerance in NIL-23. The study provides some of the novel information useful for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India.
| | - Chetna Chugh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India
| | - Karishma Seem
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , 110012, India
| | | | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Luo A, Zhou C, Chen J. The Associated With Carbon Conversion Rate and Source-Sink Enzyme Activity in Tomato Fruit Subjected to Water Stress and Potassium Application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681145. [PMID: 34220901 PMCID: PMC8245005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon metabolism in higher plants is a basic physiological metabolism, and carbon allocation and conversion require the activity of various enzymes in metabolic processes that alter the content and overall composition of sugars in the sink organ. However, it is not known how various enzymes affect carbon metabolism when tomato plants are subjected to water stress or treated with potassium. Although the process of carbon metabolism is very complex, we used the carbon conversion rate to compare and analyze the enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism and find out which carbon conversion rate are the most important. Results showed that water stress and potassium increased carbon import flux in the fruit, which was beneficial to carbon accumulation. Water deficit increased the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and starch phosphorylase (SP) and decreased the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in the source. Water stress increased the activity of acid invertase (AI), SuSy and SP but decreased the activity of AGPase in the sink. Potassium modified the balance of enzymes active in sugar and starch metabolism by increasing the activity of AI, SuSy, SPS and SP and significantly decreasing the activity of AGPase, resulting in increase of hexose. Canonical correlational analysis revealed that the carbon conversion rate was mainly affected by the relative rate of conversion of sucrose to fructose and glucose [p1(t)] and glucose to starch [p5m(t)]. SuSy and AGPase had the greatest effect on enzyme activity in the fruit; respectively regulated p 1(t) and p 5m(t).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Luo
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenni Zhou
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau (Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University), Ministry of Education, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Vázquez-Glaría A, Eichler-Löbermann B, Loiret FG, Ortega E, Kavka M. Root-System Architectures of Two Cuban Rice Cultivars with Salt Stress at Early Development Stages. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061194. [PMID: 34208354 PMCID: PMC8231243 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a critical problem for rice production and is also often associated with phosphors (P) deficiency. Plant hormones, like brassinosteroids, were shown to play a role in plant responses to different stresses and are also expected to mitigate salt stress. The aim of this study was to compare shoot growth and root architecture traits of two rice cultivars (INCA LP-5 and Perla de Cuba) during early plant development in response to salt, P limitation and a brassinosteroid. Seeds were placed in (I) paper rolls for 7 days and (II) mini-rhizotrons for 21 days without or with salt (50 mM NaCl), without or with 24-epibrassinolide (10−6 M) pre-treatment, and with two levels of P (10 or 1 ppm). The root system of LP-5 was larger in size and extent, while the roots of Perla were growing denser. Salt affected mainly the size- and extent-related root characteristics and explained about 70% of the variance. The effect of P was more pronounced without salt treatment. In Perla, P supply reduced the salt effect on root growth. The brassinosteroid had hardly any effect on the development of the plants in both experiments. Due to the high dependence on experimental factors, root length and related traits can be recommended for selecting young rice cultivars regarding salt stress and P deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenna Vázquez-Glaría
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Dpto. Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida de la Universidad s/n entre Ronda y G, CP Habana 10400, Cuba; (A.V.-G.); (F.G.L.); (E.O.)
| | - Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
- Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - F. G. Loiret
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Dpto. Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida de la Universidad s/n entre Ronda y G, CP Habana 10400, Cuba; (A.V.-G.); (F.G.L.); (E.O.)
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Dpto. Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida de la Universidad s/n entre Ronda y G, CP Habana 10400, Cuba; (A.V.-G.); (F.G.L.); (E.O.)
| | - Mareike Kavka
- Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Arabidopsis Restricts Sugar Loss to a Colonizing Trichoderma harzianum Strain by Downregulating SWEET11 and -12 and Upregulation of SUC1 and SWEET2 in the Roots. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061246. [PMID: 34201292 PMCID: PMC8227074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) availability has a strong influence on the symbiotic interaction between Arabidopsis and a recently described root-colonizing beneficial Trichoderma harzianum strain. When transferred to media with insoluble Ca3(PO4)2 as a sole Pi source, Arabidopsis seedlings died after 10 days. Trichoderma grew on the medium containing Ca3(PO4)2 and the fungus did colonize in roots, stems, and shoots of the host. The efficiency of the photosynthetic electron transport of the colonized seedlings grown on Ca3(PO4)2 medium was reduced and the seedlings died earlier, indicating that the fungus exerts an additional stress to the plant. Interestingly, the fungus initially alleviated the Pi starvation response and did not activate defense responses against the hyphal propagation. However, in colonized roots, the sucrose transporter genes SWEET11 and -12 were strongly down-regulated, restricting the unloading of sucrose from the phloem parenchyma cells to the apoplast. Simultaneously, up-regulation of SUC1 promoted sucrose uptake from the apoplast into the parenchyma cells and of SWEET2 sequestration of sucrose in the vacuole of the root cells. We propose that the fungus tries to escape from the Ca3(PO4)2 medium and colonizes the entire host. To prevent excessive sugar consumption by the propagating hyphae, the host restricts sugar availability in its apoplastic root space by downregulating sugar transporter genes for phloem unloading, and by upregulating transporter genes which maintain the sugar in the root cells.
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Teixeira GCM, Prado RDM, Oliveira KS, Buchelt AC, Rocha AMS, Santos MDS. Nutritional deficiency in scarlet eggplant limits its growth by modifying the absorption and use efficiency of macronutrients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252866. [PMID: 34086839 PMCID: PMC8177653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity damages caused by nutritional deficiency in growing plants can vary with nutrients. The effects caused by nutrient omission in the plant nutritional efficiency in relation to the absorption and use of the missing nutrient, and the reasons why these damages reflect in other nutrients have not yet been reported in the culture of scarlet eggplant. A better understanding of the nutritional mechanisms involved may clarify why certain nutrients cause greater limitations than other during plants growth. Thus, this study was designed with the aim of evaluating the damages caused by macronutrients deficiency in the culture of scarlet eggplant in the accumulation of these nutrients, nutritional deficiency, plants growth and in visual symptoms. The experiment was carried out in a controlled environment where plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of supplying a complete Hoagland and Arnon solution (CS), and other nutrient solutions with individual omissions of nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), potassium (-K), calcium (-Ca), magnesium (-Mg) and sulphur (-S). When a nutrient deficiency arose, nutritional analyses, growth and visual symptoms were analyzed. The omissions of N, S and K in the nutrient solution resulted in lower accumulation of all macronutrients in both the above and below ground biomass. Individual omissions resulted in nutritional imbalances with reflexes in the absorption efficiencies and use of the missing nutrient, as well as of other nutrients, revealing that the metabolism involves multiple nutritional interactions. Losses of nutritional efficiencies of macronutrients caused detrimental effects on plants growth, with reduced height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and biomass production in above ground and below ground. From the losses in production in above ground biomass, the order of macronutrients limitation was N, S, K, Ca, Mg, and P, with reductions of 99, 96, 94, 76, 51 and 46%, respectively, in comparison to plants cultivated in CS. The most limiting nutrients were N, S, and K, seen that its deficiencies affected the metabolism of all other nutrients. This study demonstrates the importance of an adequate nutritional management of N, S, and K in the cultivation of scarlet eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Silva Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Buchelt
- Department of Agronomy, Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle de Souza Santos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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130
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Liu D. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1065-1090. [PMID: 33710755 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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131
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Zhao Z, Zhang W, Liu Y, Li S, Yao W, Sun X, Li S, Ma L, Sun J, Yang Q, Li Y, Yang G, Wang ZY, Cong L. De novo hydroponics system efficiency for the cuttings of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1413-1421. [PMID: 34220046 PMCID: PMC8212189 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The legume plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely cultivated perennial forage due to its high protein content, palatability, and strong adaptability to diverse agro-ecological zones. Alfalfa is a self-incompatible cross-pollinated autotetraploid species with tetrasomic inheritance. Therefore, maintaining excellent traits through seed reproduction is a prime challenge in alfalfa. However, the cutting propagation technology could enable consistent multiplication of quality plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. The current study aimed to develop a simple, cost-effective, reproducible, and efficient hydroponic cutting method to preserve alfalfa plants and for molecular research. In this study, alfalfa landrace 'Wudi' was grown in hydroponics for 30 days and used as source material for cuttings. The top, middle and bottom sections of its stem were used as cuttings. The rooting rate, root length, and stem height of the different stem sections were compared to determine the best segment for alfalfa propagation in four nutrient treatments (HM, HM + 1/500H, HM + 1/1000H and d HM + 1/2000H). After 21 days of culture, the rooting rates of all the three stem types under four cutting nutrient solutions were above 78%. The rooting rate of the middle and bottom parts in HM + 1/1000 H and HM + 1/2000 H nutrient solutions reached more than 93%, with a higher health survey score (> 4.70). In conclusion, this study developed a de novo cutting propagation method that can be used to conserve and propagate germplasm in breeding programs and research. This method is a new report on the cutting propagation of alfalfa by hydroponics, which could supplement the existing cutting propagation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Wu Yao
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Lichao Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Qingdao Empyrean Intelligent Agriculture Group Co, Ltd, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Lili Cong
- College of Grassland Science, Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
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132
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Jia Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Ye X, Lai N, Huang Z, Yang L, Li Y, Chen LS, Guo J. Differences in morphological and physiological features of citrus seedlings are related to Mg transport from the parent to branch organs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 34044762 PMCID: PMC8157678 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that magnesium (Mg) remobilization in citrus plants is regulated by Mg supply and contributes to differences in the growth of the parent and branch organs. Citrus seedlings were grown in sand under Mg deficient (0 mmol Mg2+ L-1, -Mg) and Mg sufficient (2 mmol Mg2+ L-1, + Mg) conditions. The effects on biomass, Mg uptake and transport, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as related morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated in different organs. RESULTS Mg deficiency significantly decreased plant biomass, with a decrease in total plant biomass of 39.6%, and a greater than twofold decrease in the branch organs compared with that of the parent organs. Reduced photosynthesis capacity was caused by a decreased in pigment levels and photosynthetic electron transport chain disruption, thus affecting non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and plant growth. However, the adaptive responses of branch leaves to Mg deficiency were greater than those in parent leaves. Mg deficiency inhibited plant Mg uptake but enhanced Mg remobilization from parent to branch organs, thus changing related growth variables and physiological parameters, including protein synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, in the principal components analysis, these variations were highly clustered in both the upper and lower parent leaves, but highly separated in branch leaves under the different Mg conditions. CONCLUSIONS Mg deficiency inhibits the growth of the parent and branch organs of citrus plants, with high Mg mobility contributing to differences in physiological metabolism. These findings suggest that Mg management should be optimized for sustainable citrus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ningwei Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zengrong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lintong Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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133
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Shibasaki K, Takebayashi A, Makita N, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Kawai M, Hachiya T, Sakakibara H. Nitrogen Nutrition Promotes Rhizome Bud Outgrowth via Regulation of Cytokinin Biosynthesis Genes and an Oryza longistaminata Ortholog of FINE CULM 1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670101. [PMID: 33995465 PMCID: PMC8120282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice, can propagate vegetatively via rhizome formation and, thereby, expand its territory through horizontal growth of branched rhizomes. The structural features of rhizomes are similar to those of aerial stems; however, the physiological roles of the two organs are different. Nitrogen nutrition is presumed to be linked to the vegetative propagation activity of rhizomes, but the regulation of rhizome growth in response to nitrogen nutrition and the underlying biological processes have not been well characterized. In this study, we analyzed rhizome axillary bud growth in response to nitrogen nutrition and examined the involvement of cytokinin-mediated regulation in the promotion of bud outgrowth in O. longistaminata. Our results showed that nitrogen nutrition sufficiency promoted rhizome bud outgrowth to form secondary rhizomes. In early stages of the response to nitrogen application, glutamine accumulated rapidly, two cytokinin biosynthesis genes, isopentenyltransferase, and CYP735A, were up-regulated with accompanying cytokinin accumulation, and expression of an ortholog of FINE CULM1, a negative regulator of axillary bud outgrowth, was severely repressed in rhizomes. These results suggest that, despite differences in physiological roles of these organs, the nitrogen-dependent outgrowth of rhizome axillary buds in O. longistaminata is regulated by a mechanism similar to that of shoot axillary buds in O. sativa. Our findings provide a clue for understanding how branched rhizome growth is regulated to enhance nutrient acquisition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nobue Makita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Misato Kawai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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134
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Aluko OO, Li C, Wang Q, Liu H. Sucrose Utilization for Improved Crop Yields: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4704. [PMID: 33946791 PMCID: PMC8124652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon converted to sucrose is vital for plant growth. Sucrose acts as a signaling molecule and a primary energy source that coordinates the source and sink development. Alteration in source-sink balance halts the physiological and developmental processes of plants, since plant growth is mostly triggered when the primary assimilates in the source leaf balance with the metabolic needs of the heterotrophic sinks. To measure up with the sink organ's metabolic needs, the improvement of photosynthetic carbon to synthesis sucrose, its remobilization, and utilization at the sink level becomes imperative. However, environmental cues that influence sucrose balance within these plant organs, limiting positive yield prospects, have also been a rising issue over the past few decades. Thus, this review discusses strategies to improve photosynthetic carbon assimilation, the pathways actively involved in the transport of sucrose from source to sink organs, and their utilization at the sink organ. We further emphasize the impact of various environmental cues on sucrose transport and utilization, and the strategic yield improvement approaches under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.O.A.); (C.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.O.A.); (C.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.O.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.O.A.); (C.L.)
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135
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Ma X, Li H, Zhang J, Shen J. Spatiotemporal Pattern of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Soils Cultivated With Maize Sensing to Phosphorus-Rich Patches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650436. [PMID: 33927739 PMCID: PMC8076754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acid phosphatase (APase) secretion by roots allows plants to mobilize organic phosphorus (P) in low P soils. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil APase activity in response to P-rich patches remain unclear. METHODS Here, we grew maize in rhizoboxes with two contrasting soil types and different localized P supplies. In situ soil zymography was applied to examine the spatial-temporal variation of APase activity. RESULTS We found P-rich patches can induce the secretion of APase from roots, indicating that even mineral P fertilizers were localized apply, mobilization of soil organic P by roots can also be enhanced; APase hotspot areas and APase activities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of the same rhizobox showed opposite diurnal rhythms across the whole soil profile. The APase hotspot area was 10-140% larger at noon than at midnight in the rhizosphere, which is consistent with the diurnal rhythm of photosynthesis. In contrast, in bulk soil, the area was 18-200% larger at midnight than at noon, which led to spatiotemporal niche differentiation with regard to the utilization of soil organic P; this alleviated competition between plants and soil microorganisms. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that APase secretion of roots was plastic in P-rich patches and showed an opposite diurnal rhythm with soil microorganisms in bulk soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resource (IMAU), Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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136
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Rosa-Martínez E, Adalid AM, Alvarado LE, Burguet R, García-Martínez MD, Pereira-Dias L, Casanova C, Soler E, Figàs MR, Plazas M, Prohens J, Soler S. Variation for Composition and Quality in a Collection of the Resilient Mediterranean 'de penjar' Long Shelf-Life Tomato Under High and Low N Fertilization Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633957. [PMID: 33897723 PMCID: PMC8058473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 'de penjar' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a group of local varieties from the Spanish Mediterranean region carrying the alc mutation, which provides long shelf-life. Their evolution under low-input management practices has led to the selection of resilient genotypes to adverse conditions. Here we present the first evaluation on nutritional fruit composition of a collection of 44 varieties of 'de penjar' tomato under two N fertilization levels, provided by doses of manure equivalent to 162 kg N ha-1 in the high N treatment and 49 kg N ha-1 in the low N treatment. Twenty-seven fruit composition and quality traits, as well as plant yield and SPAD value, were evaluated. A large variation was observed, with lycopene being the composition trait with the highest relative range of variation (over 4-fold) under both N treatments, and significant differences among varieties were detected for all traits. While yield and most quality traits were not affected by the reduction in N fertilization, fruits from the low N treatment had, on average, higher values for hue (5.9%) and lower for fructose (-11.5%), glucose (-15.8%), and total sweetness index (-12.9%). In addition, lycopene and β-carotene presented a strongly significant genotype × N input interaction. Local varieties had higher values than commercial varieties for traits related to the ratio of sweetness to acidity and for vitamin C, which reinforces the appreciation for their organoleptic and nutritional quality. Highest-yielding varieties under both conditions displayed wide variation in the composition and quality profiles, which may allow the selection of specific ideotypes with high quality under low N conditions. These results revealed the potential of 'de penjar' varieties as a genetic resource in breeding for low N inputs and improving the organoleptic and nutritional tomato fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M. Adalid
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis E. Alvarado
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Resurrección Burguet
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María R. Figàs
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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137
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Zhang Y, Liao B, Xin K, Sheng N. Allometric equations for liana species Derris trifoliata and the relationship between inflorescence generation and stem diameter. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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138
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Wang S, van Dijk J, de Boer HJ, Wassen MJ. Source and sink activity of Holcus lanatus in response to absolute and relative supply of nitrogen and phosphorus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:493-502. [PMID: 33453753 DOI: 10.1071/fp20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrients influence photosynthesis and tissue formation; a shift from nitrogen (N)-limited to phosphorus (P)-limited growth induced by high N deposition may change plant growth in terms of physiology and morphology. This experiment showed that absolute and relative N and P supply affected net photosynthesis (source activity) and biomass formation (sink activity), and the relationship between source and sink activities of Holcus lanatus L. under various nutrient treatments. H. lanatus was grown at three N:P ratios (5, 15, 45) with two absolute supply levels of N and P. Between N:P 5 at low level and N:P 45 at high level, and between N:P 45 at low level and N:P 5 at high level, there was a nine-fold difference in N and P supply. Maximum light-saturated net photosynthesis rate (Amax), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, and shoot and root biomass were determined during and after the growth process. Amax was minimal at N:P 5 and increased only with increasing absolute N supply. Neither SLA nor leaf area were affected by N:P; increasing absolute P supply significantly increased leaf area. Shoot and root biomass were minimal at N:P 45 and increased dramatically with increasing absolute P supply. Plant biomass was not correlated with Amax. Our results highlight that H. lanatus growth is predominantly controlled by P supply and to a lesser extent by N, whereas net photosynthesis exerted no apparent control on growth under these sink-limited growth conditions. Our findings contribute to understanding of plant growth under sink-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiong Wang
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jerry van Dijk
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
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139
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Warth B, Marohn C, Asch F. Improved simulation of plant-animal interactions in African savannas with the extended land use change model LUCIA. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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140
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Gomes AL, Revermann R, Meller P, Gonçalves FMP, Aidar MPM, Lages F, Finckh M. Functional traits and symbiotic associations of geoxyles and trees explain the dominance of detarioid legumes in miombo ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:510-520. [PMID: 33411968 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The miombo region in Africa is covered by a mosaic of woodlands and geoxylic grasslands and is subject to disturbances such as fires, frost and drought, and low nutrient availability. The dominance of Fabaceae Detarioideae species in miombo ecosystems is remarkable but little understood. We therefore compared plant functional traits (PFTs) of common woody species of the Angolan plateau, grouped by life form (trees, geoxyles), lineage (Fabaceae: Detarioideae, non-Detarioideae) and symbiont association (ectomycorrhiza, rhizobia). PFTs reflect group-specific adaptations to prevalent environmental conditions. To analyse the impact of environmental drivers, we selected PFTs reflecting ecophysiological aspects of leaf morphology, nutrient content and water transport. Traits were measured following standardized protocols. We found differences in key PFTs between trees and geoxyles reflecting both life form-specific adaptations to environmental conditions and lineage-specific strategies to cope with environmental stresses. We interpret higher leaf thickness and higher wood density of geoxyles as responses to harsher open environments. Fabaceae in general and ectomycorrhizal species showed better nutrient status. Symbiotic associations of detarioid legumes with ectomycorrhiza show specific advantages for phosphorous uptake as compared to Rhizobia-associated Fabaceae and to non-Fabaceae and thus may be crucial for the stunning dominance of Detarioideae in miombo landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amândio L Gomes
- Faculty of Sciences, Agostinho Neto University, Av. 4 de Fevereiro 71, Luanda, CP 815, Angola
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Rasmus Revermann
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Spatial Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 10005, Namibia
| | - Paulina Meller
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Francisco M P Gonçalves
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Herbarium of Lubango, ISCED Huíla, Sarmento Rodrigues str., Lubango, CP 230, Angola
| | - Marcos P M Aidar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, CP 3005, CEP 01061-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lages
- Department of Natural Sciences, Herbarium of Lubango, ISCED Huíla, Sarmento Rodrigues str., Lubango, CP 230, Angola
| | - Manfred Finckh
- Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
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Insights into role of STP13 in sugar driven signaling that leads to decrease in photosynthesis in dicot legume crop model (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Fe and Zn stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2527-2531. [PMID: 33783682 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mineral (Fe/Zn) stress significantly affects fundamental metabolic and physiological responses in plants that results in reduction of plant growth and development. Deficiency of these micronutrients leads to inhibition of photosynthesis by having impact on various crucial biological processes like protein synthesis, primary and secondary metabolism and carbohydrate partitioning between source and sink tissues. In the present study, common bean variety Shalimar French Bean-1 (SFB-1) plants were used as an experimental material and were grown under in vitro condition on four different MGRL media i.e. normal MGRL medium (Control), MGRL without Fe (0-Fe), MGRL without Zinc (0-Zn) and MGRL with excess Zn (300-Zn) for 21 days under optimum conditions. Shoot and root tissues from all the treatments were harvested and further subjected to estimation of total chlorophyll, total sugar and extraction of total RNA for differential gene expression of sugar transporter 13 (STP13). We observed significant decrease in total chlorophyll content in samples harvested from mineral stress plants. However, the concentration of total sugar and fold expression of STP13 gene was significantly higher in shoots of Fe/Zn stressed and in roots of 300-Zn plants. We observed higher accumulation of sugar under stress condition that correlated with high expression of sugar transporter 13 (STP 13). Further, we observed decrease in the chlorophyll content under stress conditions. Based on these findings, we propose the role of sugar driven signaling in decreasing photosynthesis in case of common bean. The decrease in photosynthesis is confirmed by observing significant decrease in chlorophyll content in stressed plants.
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142
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Clausing S, Pena R, Song B, Müller K, Mayer-Gruner P, Marhan S, Grafe M, Schulz S, Krüger J, Lang F, Schloter M, Kandeler E, Polle A. Carbohydrate depletion in roots impedes phosphorus nutrition in young forest trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2611-2624. [PMID: 33128821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances cause the deterioration of tree health in European forests, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of decreasing root carbohydrate reserves for phosphorus (P) mobilisation and uptake by forest trees. In P-rich and P-poor beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, naturally grown, young trees were girdled and used to determine root, ectomycorrhizal and microbial activities related to P mobilisation in the organic layer and mineral topsoil in comparison with those in nongirdled trees. After girdling, root carbohydrate reserves decreased. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities linking carbon and P metabolism increased. Root and ectomycorrhizal phosphatase activities and the abundances of bacterial genes catalysing major steps in P turnover increased, but soil enzymes involved in P mobilisation were unaffected. The physiological responses to girdling were stronger in P-poor than in P-rich forests. P uptake was decreased after girdling. The soluble and total P concentrations in roots were stable, but fine root biomass declined after girdling. Our results support that carbohydrate depletion results in reduced P uptake, enhanced internal P remobilisation and root biomass trade-off to compensate for the P shortage. As reductions in root biomass render trees more susceptible to drought, our results link tree deterioration with disturbances in the P supply as a consequence of decreased belowground carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Clausing
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Bin Song
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Karolin Müller
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Paula Mayer-Gruner
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Martin Grafe
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jaane Krüger
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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143
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Meng X, Chen WW, Wang YY, Huang ZR, Ye X, Chen LS, Yang LT. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246944. [PMID: 33596244 PMCID: PMC7888624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and production. However, little is known about the effects of P deficiency on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic apparatus performance and antioxidant metabolism in citrus. Seedlings of 'sour pummelo' (Citrus grandis) were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM (Control) or 0 mM (P deficiency) KH2PO4 until saturated every other day for 16 weeks. P deficiency significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of leaves and stems, and increased the root/shoot ratio in C. grandis but did not affect the DW of roots. The decreased DW of leaves and stems might be induced by the decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents and CO2 assimilation in P deficient seedlings. P deficiency heterogeneously affected the nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots. The analysis of Chl a fluorescence transients showed that P deficiency impaired electron transport from the donor side of photosystem II (PSII) to the end acceptor side of PSI, which showed a greater impact on the performance of the donor side of PSII than that of the acceptor side of PSII and photosystem I (PSI). P deficiency increased the contents of ascorbate (ASC), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves. In contrast, P deficiency increased the ASC content, reduced the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but did not increase H2O2 production, anthocyanins and MDA content in roots. Taking these results together, we conclude that P deficiency affects nutrient absorption and lowers photosynthetic performance, leading to ROS production, which might be a crucial cause of the inhibited growth of C. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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144
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Chaudhry AH, Nayab S, Hussain SB, Ali M, Pan Z. Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1819. [PMID: 33673043 PMCID: PMC7917752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shafa Nayab
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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145
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Hirte J, Walder F, Hess J, Büchi L, Colombi T, van der Heijden MG, Mayer J. Enhanced root carbon allocation through organic farming is restricted to topsoils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143551. [PMID: 33190899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soils store significant amounts of carbon (C) and thus can play a critical role for mitigating climate change. Crop roots represent the main C source in agricultural soils and are particularly important for long-term C storage in agroecosystems. To evaluate the potential of different farming systems to contribute to soil C sequestration and thus climate change mitigation, it is of great importance to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing root C allocation and distribution. So far, it is still unclear how root C allocation varies among farming systems and whether the choice of management practices can help to enhance root C inputs. In this study, we compared root C allocation in three main arable farming systems, namely organic, no-till, and conventional farming. We assessed root biomass, vertical root distribution to 0.75 m soil depth, and root-shoot ratios in 24 winter wheat fields. We further evaluated the relative importance of the farming system compared to site conditions and quantified the contribution of individual management practices and pedoclimatic drivers. Farming system explained one third of the variation in topsoil root biomass and root-shoot ratios, both being strongly positively related to weed biomass and soil organic C content and negatively to mineral nitrogen fertilization intensity. Root C allocation was significantly higher in organic farming as illustrated by an increase in root biomass (+40%) and root-shoot ratios (+60%) compared to conventional farming. By contrast, the overall impact of no-till was low. The importance of pedoclimatic conditions increased substantially with soil depth and deep root biomass was largely controlled by precipitation and soil texture, while the impact of management was close to zero. Our findings highlight the potential of organic farming in promoting root C inputs to topsoils and thereby contributing to soil organic matter build-up and improved soil quality in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hirte
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Walder
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hess
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Büchi
- Agroscope, Plant Production Systems, Route de Duillier 50, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland; University of Greenwich, Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, UK-ME4 4TB Chatham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tino Colombi
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel G van der Heijden
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zürich, Department for Plant and Microbial Biology, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Utrecht University, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland
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146
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Chu LC, Offenborn JN, Steinhorst L, Wu XN, Xi L, Li Z, Jacquot A, Lejay L, Kudla J, Schulze WX. Plasma membrane calcineurin B-like calcium-ion sensor proteins function in regulating primary root growth and nitrate uptake by affecting global phosphorylation patterns and microdomain protein distribution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2223-2237. [PMID: 33098106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The collective function of calcineurin B-like (CBL) calcium ion (Ca2+ ) sensors and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) in decoding plasma-membrane-initiated Ca2+ signals to convey developmental and adaptive responses to fluctuating nitrate availability remained to be determined. Here, we generated a cbl-quintuple mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana devoid of these Ca2+ sensors at the plasma membrane and performed comparative phenotyping, nitrate flux determination, phosphoproteome analyses, and studies of membrane domain protein distribution in response to low and high nitrate availability. We observed that CBL proteins exert multifaceted regulation of primary and lateral root growth and nitrate fluxes. Accordingly, we found that loss of plasma membrane Ca2+ sensor function simultaneously affected protein phosphorylation of numerous membrane proteins, including several nitrate transporters, proton pumps, and aquaporins, as well as their distribution within plasma membrane microdomains, and identified a specific phosphorylation and domain distribution pattern during distinct phases of low and high nitrate responses. Collectively, these analyses reveal a central and coordinative function of CBL-CIPK-mediated signaling in conveying plant adaptation to fluctuating nitrate availability and identify a crucial role of Ca2+ signaling in regulating the composition and dynamics of plasma membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Cui Chu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Aurore Jacquot
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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147
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Li Y, Hou L, Yang L, Yue M. Transgenerational effect alters the interspecific competition between two dominant species in a temperate steppe. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1175-1186. [PMID: 33598122 PMCID: PMC7863671 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key aims of global change studies is to predict more accurately how plant community composition responds to future environmental changes. Although interspecific relationship is one of the most important forces structuring plant communities, it remains a challenge to integrate long-term consequences at the plant community level. As an increasing number of studies have shown that maternal environment affects offspring phenotypic plasticity as a response to global environment change through transgenerational effects, we speculated that the transgenerational effect would influence offspring competitive relationships. We conducted a 10-year field experiment and a greenhouse experiment in a temperate grassland in an Inner Mongolian grassland to examine the effects of maternal and immediate nitrogen addition (N) and increased precipitation (Pr) on offspring growth and the interspecific relationship between the two dominant species, Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida. According to our results, Stipa kryloii suppressed A. frigida growth and population development when they grew in mixture, although immediate N and Pr stimulated S. kryloii and A. frigida growth simultaneously. Maternal N and Pr declined S. krylovii dominance and decreased A. frigida competitive suppression to some extent. The transgenerational effect should further facilitate the coexistence of the two species under scenarios of increased nitrogen input and precipitation. If we predicted these species' interspecific relationships based only on immediate environmental effects, we would overestimate S. krylovii's competitive advantage and population development, and underestimate competitive outcome and population development of A. frigida. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transgenerational effect of maternal environment on offspring interspecific competition must be considered when evaluating population dynamics and community composition under the global change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi ProvinceInstitute of Botany of Shaanxi ProvinceXi’anChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical ResourcesXi’anChina
| | - Longyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Yue
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi ProvinceInstitute of Botany of Shaanxi ProvinceXi’anChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical ResourcesXi’anChina
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaNorthwest UniversityXi’anChina
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148
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Weinert CH, Sonntag F, Egert B, Pawelzik E, Kulling SE, Smit I. The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:89-99. [PMID: 33348242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrient potassium (K) has vital physiological functions in plants and its availability can strongly impact quality of crops like tomato. The impact of K nutrition on conventional tomato fruit quality parameters has been described several times, but detailed investigations on the effect of K supply on the fruit metabolite profile are still rare. To fill this gap, we investigated the influence of K fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruits. For this purpose, an outdoor pot experiment with three different cocktail tomato cultivars was performed. A fertilization regimen with five K levels was applied, ranging from deficiency to sufficient supply. Fruit samples were analyzed by untargeted GC×GC-MS to cover the primary metabolite profile as well as some secondary metabolites. As verified using ICP-OES, fruit K content was highly proportional to the supplied amount of K. At the metabolite profile level, the most prominent and cultivar-independent effect of increased K fertilization was the rise of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Further effects were more cultivar-specific, for example an increase of the mobile nitrogen pool (e.g. amines like putrescine and amides like asparagine), changes in the profile of minor sugars (especially disaccharides) as well as higher levels of some secondary metabolites. Pronounced response patterns were mainly observed in the cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine that were recently characterized as higher yielding, demanding a stronger consideration of cultivar differences in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H Weinert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Frederike Sonntag
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elke Pawelzik
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Inga Smit
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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149
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Wang W, Zou J, White PJ, Ding G, Li Y, Xu F, Shi L. Identification of QTLs associated with potassium use efficiency and underlying candidate genes by whole-genome resequencing of two parental lines in Brassica napus. Genomics 2021; 113:755-768. [PMID: 33516850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breeding crops that acquire and/or utilize potassium (K) more effectively could reduce the use of K fertilizers. Sixteen traits affecting K use efficiency (KUE) at the seedling stage were investigated in a B. napus double haploid population grown at an optimal K supply (OK) and a low K supply (LK) in a hydroponic culture system. In total, 50 and 62 QTLs associated with these traits were identified at OK and LK, respectively. A total of 25 orthologues of 23 Arabidopsis genes regulating K transport were identified in the confidence intervals of nine QTLs impacting shoot dry weight at LK, and 22 of these showed variations in coding sequences and/or exhibited significant differences in mRNA abundances in roots at LK between the two parental lines. This study provided insights to the genetic basis of KUE in B. napus, which will accelerate the breeding of K-efficient rapeseed cultivars by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Philip J White
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yalin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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150
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Widagdo FRA, Dong L, Li F. Biomass Functions and Carbon Content Variabilities of Natural and Planted Pinus koraiensis in Northeast China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020201. [PMID: 33494503 PMCID: PMC7910931 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The population of natural Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in northeast China has sharply declined due to massive utilization for its high-quality timber, while this is vice versa for Korean pine plantations after various intensive afforestation schemes applied by China’s central authority. Hence, more comprehensive models are needed to appropriately understand the allometric relationship variations between the two origins. In this study, we destructively sampled Pinus koraiensis from several natural and plantation sites in northeast China to investigate the origin’s effect on biomass equations. Nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression with weighted functions was used to present the additivity property and homogenize the model residuals in our two newly developed origin-free (population average) and origin-based (dummy variable) biomass functions. Variations in biomass allocations, carbon content, and root-to-shoot ratio between the samples obtained from plantations and natural stands were also investigated. The results showed that (1) involving the origin’s effect in dummy variable models brought significant improvement in model performances compared to the population average models; (2) incorporating tree total height (H) as an additional predictor to diameter at breast height (D) consistently increase the models’ accuracy compared to using D only as of the sole predictors for both model systems; (3) stems accounted for the highest partitioning proportions and foliage had the highest carbon content among all biomass components; (4) the root-to-shoot ratio ranged from 0.18–0.35, with plantations (0.28 ± 0.04) had slightly higher average value (±SD) compared to natural forests (0.25 ± 0.03). Our origin-based models can deliver more accurate individual tree biomass estimations for Pinus koraiensis, particularly for the National Forest Inventory of China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihu Dong
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (F.L.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-1751 (L.D.); +86-451-8219-0609 (F.L.)
| | - Fengri Li
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (F.L.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-1751 (L.D.); +86-451-8219-0609 (F.L.)
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