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TET2 and CSMD1 genes affect SBP response to hydrochlorothiazide in never-treated essential hypertensives. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1301-9. [PMID: 25695618 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazide diuretics have been recommended as a first-line antihypertensive treatment, although the choice of 'the right drug in the individual essential hypertensive patient' remains still empirical. Essential hypertension is a complex, polygenic disease derived from the interaction of patient's genetic background with the environment. Pharmacogenomics could be a useful tool to pinpoint gene variants involved in antihypertensive drug response, thus optimizing therapeutic advantages and minimizing side effects. METHODS AND RESULTS We looked for variants associated with blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide over an 8-week follow-up by means of a genome-wide association analysis in two Italian cohorts of never-treated essential hypertensive patients: 343 samples from Sardinia and 142 from Milan. TET2 and CSMD1 as plausible candidate genes to affect SBP response to hydrochlorothiazide were identified. The specificity of our findings for hydrochlorothiazide was confirmed in an independent cohort of essential hypertensive patients treated with losartan. Our best findings were also tested for replication in four independent hypertensive samples of European Ancestry, such as GENetics of drug RESponsiveness in essential hypertension, Genetic Epidemiology of Responses to Antihypertensives, NORdic DILtiazem intervention, Pharmacogenomics Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses, and Campania Salute Network-StayOnDiur. We validated a polymorphism in CSMD1 and UGGT2. CONCLUSION This exploratory study reports two plausible loci associated with SBP response to hydrochlorothiazide: TET2, an aldosterone-responsive mediator of αENaC gene transcription; and CSMD1, previously described as associated with hypertension in a case-control study.
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Hariri H, Ugrankar R, Liu Y, Henne WM. Inter-organelle ER-endolysosomal contact sites in metabolism and disease across evolution. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1156278. [PMID: 27489577 PMCID: PMC4951168 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1156278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their initial observation, contact sites formed between different organelles have transitioned from ignored curiosities to recognized centers for the exchange of metabolites and lipids. Contact formed between the ER and endomembrane system (eg. the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes) is of particular biomedical interest, as it governs aspects of lipid metabolism, organelle identity, and cell signaling. Here, we review the field of ER-endolysosomal communication from the perspective of three model systems: budding yeast, the fruit fly D. melanogaster, and mammals. From this broad perspective, inter-organelle communication displays a consistent role in metabolic regulation that was differentially tuned during the development of complex metazoan life. We also examine the current state of understanding of lipid exchange between organelles, and discuss molecular mechanisms by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rupali Ugrankar
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
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103
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Lesage S, Drouet V, Majounie E, Deramecourt V, Jacoupy M, Nicolas A, Cormier-Dequaire F, Hassoun S, Pujol C, Ciura S, Erpapazoglou Z, Usenko T, Maurage CA, Sahbatou M, Liebau S, Ding J, Bilgic B, Emre M, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Guven G, Tison F, Tranchant C, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Krack P, Leutenegger AL, Nalls M, Hernandez D, Heutink P, Gibbs J, Hardy J, Wood N, Gasser T, Durr A, Deleuze JF, Tazir M, Destée A, Lohmann E, Kabashi E, Singleton A, Corti O, Brice A, Lesage S, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Agid Y, Anheim M, Bonnet AM, Borg M, Broussolle E, Damier P, Destée A, Dürr A, Durif F, Krack P, Klebe S, Lohmann E, Martinez M, Pollak P, Rascol O, Tranchant C, Vérin M, Viallet F, Brice A, Lesage S, Majounie E, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol J, Nalls M, Hernandez D, Gibbs J, Dürr A, Arepalli S, Barker R, Ben-Shlomo Y, Berg D, Bettella F, Bhatia K, de Bie R, Biffi A, Bloem B, Bochdanovits Z, Bonin M, Lesage S, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Agid Y, Anheim M, Bonnet AM, Borg M, Broussolle E, Damier P, Destée A, Dürr A, Durif F, Krack P, Klebe S, Lohmann E, Martinez M, Pollak P, Rascol O, Tranchant C, Vérin M, Bras J, Brockmann K, Brooks J, Burn D, Charlesworth G, Chen H, Chinnery P, Chong S, Clarke C, Cookson M, Counsell C, Damier P, Dartigues JF, Deloukas P, Deuschl G, Dexter D, van Dijk K, Dillman A, Dong J, Durif F, Edkins S, Escott-Price V, Evans J, Foltynie T, Gao J, Gardner M, Goate A, Gray E, Guerreiro R, Harris C, van Hilten J, Hofman A, Hollenbeck A, Holmans P, Holton J, Hu M, Huang X, Huber H, Hudson G, Hunt S, Huttenlocher J, Illig T, Jónsson P, Kilarski L, Jansen I, Lambert JC, Langford C, Lees A, Lichtner P, Limousin P, Lopez G, Lorenz D, Lubbe S, Lungu C, Martinez M, Mätzler W, McNeill A, Moorby C, Moore M, Morrison K, Mudanohwo E, O’Sullivan S, Owen M, Pearson J, Perlmutter J, Pétursson H, Plagnol V, Pollak P, Post B, Potter S, Ravina B, Revesz T, Riess O, Rivadeneira F, Rizzu P, Ryten M, Saad M, Simón-Sánchez J, Sawcer S, Schapira A, Scheffer H, Schulte C, Sharma M, Shaw K, Sheerin UM, Shoulson I, Shulman J, Sidransky E, Spencer C, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Stockton J, Strange A, Talbot K, Tanner C, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria A, Trabzuni D, Traynor B, Uitterlinden A, Velseboer D, Walker R, van de Warrenburg B, Wickremaratchi M, Williams-Gray C, Winder-Rhodes S, Wurster I, Williams N, Morris H, Heutink P, Hardy J, Wood N, Gasser T, Singleton A, Brice A. Loss of VPS13C Function in Autosomal-Recessive Parkinsonism Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:500-513. [PMID: 26942284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The genetic causes of approximately 50% of autosomal-recessive early-onset forms of Parkinson disease (PD) remain to be elucidated. Homozygozity mapping and exome sequencing in 62 isolated individuals with early-onset parkinsonism and confirmed consanguinity followed by data mining in the exomes of 1,348 PD-affected individuals identified, in three isolated subjects, homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13C (VPS13C). VPS13C mutations are associated with a distinct form of early-onset parkinsonism characterized by rapid and severe disease progression and early cognitive decline; the pathological features were striking and reminiscent of diffuse Lewy body disease. In cell models, VPS13C partly localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Silencing of VPS13C was associated with lower mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fragmentation, increased respiration rates, exacerbated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and transcriptional upregulation of PARK2 in response to mitochondrial damage. This work suggests that loss of function of VPS13C is a cause of autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism with a distinctive phenotype of rapid and severe progression.
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Benninger F, Afawi Z, Korczyn AD, Oliver KL, Pendziwiat M, Nakamura M, Sano A, Helbig I, Berkovic SF, Blatt I. Seizures as presenting and prominent symptom in chorea-acanthocytosis with c.2343delVPS13Agene mutation. Epilepsia 2016; 57:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology; Rabin Medical Center; Beilinson Hospital; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Amos D. Korczyn
- Department of Neurology; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Karen L. Oliver
- Department of Medicine; Epilepsy Research Centre; University of Melbourne; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics; University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein; Christian Albrechts University; Kiel Germany
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Sakuragaoka Kagoshima Japan
| | - Akira Sano
- Department of Psychiatry; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Sakuragaoka Kagoshima Japan
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics; University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein; Christian Albrechts University; Kiel Germany
- Division of Neurology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadephia Pennsylvania U.S.A
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre; Department of Medicine; Austin Health; The University of Melbourne; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Ilan Blatt
- Department of Neurology; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
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105
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Lang AB, John Peter AT, Walter P, Kornmann B. ER-mitochondrial junctions can be bypassed by dominant mutations in the endosomal protein Vps13. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:883-90. [PMID: 26370498 PMCID: PMC4576869 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substitutions in Vps13 suppress all measured phenotypic consequences of ERMES deficiency, and Vps13 dynamically localizes to vacuole–mitochondria and to vacuole–nucleus contact sites depending on growth conditions, suggesting that ERMES function can be bypassed by the activity of other contact sites, and that contact sites establish a growth condition–regulated organelle network. The endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex tethers the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. It is thought to facilitate interorganelle lipid exchange and influence mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Despite this important role, ERMES is not found in metazoans. Here, we identified single amino acid substitutions in Vps13 (vacuolar protein sorting 13), a large universally conserved eukaryotic protein, which suppress all measured phenotypic consequences of ERMES deficiency. Combined loss of VPS13 and ERMES is lethal, indicating that Vps13 and ERMES function in redundant pathways. Vps13 dynamically localizes to vacuole–mitochondria and to vacuole–nucleus contact sites depending on growth conditions, suggesting that ERMES function can be bypassed by the activity of other contact sites, and that contact sites establish a growth condition–regulated organelle network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Benoît Kornmann
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biochemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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106
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Pickering NK, Auvray B, Dodds KG, McEwan JC. Genomic prediction and genome-wide association study for dagginess and host internal parasite resistance in New Zealand sheep. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:958. [PMID: 26576677 PMCID: PMC4650926 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dagginess (faecal soiling of the perineum region) and host nematode parasite resistance are important animal welfare traits in New Zealand sheep. Genomic prediction (GP) estimates the genetic merit, as a molecular breeding value (mBV), for each trait based on many SNPs. The additional information the mBV provides (as determined by its accuracy) has led to its incorporation into breeding schemes. Some GP methods give SNP effects, which provide additional information to identify genome-wide associations (GWAS) for a trait of interest. Here we report results from a GP and GWAS study for dagginess and host nematode parasite resistance in a New Zealand sheep industry resource. Results Genomic prediction analysis was performed using 50K SNP chip data and parent average-removed, de-regressed BVs for five traits, from a resource of 8705 pedigree recorded animals. The five traits were dag score at three and eight months (DAG3, DAG8) and nematode faecal egg count in summer (FEC1), autumn (FEC2) and as an adult (AFEC). The resource consisted of Romney, Coopworth, Perendale, Texel and various breed crosses (designated: CompRCP, CompRCPT and CompCRP). The pure breeds, apart from Texel, plus CompRCP were used to develop the GP. The resulting SNP effects were used to identify genetic regions associated with dagginess and parasite resistance. Accuracies of the weighted correlation between mBV and true BV ranged between −0.07 (Texel) and 0.56 (Coopworth) for DAG3 and DAG8. For FEC1, FEC2 and AFEC accuracies ranged between −0.22 (CompRCPT) and 0.69 (Coopworth). The weighted average individual accuracy (calculated from theory) ranges were 0.13 (Texel) to 0.52 (Coopworth) and 0.11 (Texel) to 0.55 (Coopworth) respectively, for dagginess and parasite traits. There was one SNP for DAG8 that reached Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 1 × 10−6) on OAR15, the same two SNPs for each of the parasite traits (OAR26) and none for DAG3. A notable peak was also observed on OAR7 for all the parasite traits, however, it did not reach the Bonferroni significance threshold. Conclusions This study presents the first results of a GWAS on dagginess and faecal egg count traits in New Zealand sheep. The results suggest that there are quantitative trait loci on OAR 15 for dagginess and on OAR26 and seven for faecal egg count. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2148-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Pickering
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Puddle Alley, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand. .,Focus Genetics Ltd, PO Box 12075, Ahuriri, Napier, 4144, New Zealand.
| | - Benoit Auvray
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Puddle Alley, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand. .,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9058, New Zealand.
| | - Ken G Dodds
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Puddle Alley, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand.
| | - John C McEwan
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Puddle Alley, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand.
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107
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Li Z, Blissard G. The vacuolar protein sorting genes in insects: A comparative genome view. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 62:211-225. [PMID: 25486452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, regulated vesicular trafficking is critical for directing protein transport and for recycling and degradation of membrane lipids and proteins. Through carefully regulated transport vesicles, the endomembrane system performs a large and important array of dynamic cellular functions while maintaining the integrity of the cellular membrane system. Genetic studies in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified approximately 50 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle trafficking, and most of these genes are also characterized in mammals. The VPS proteins form distinct functional complexes, which include complexes known as ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III. Little is known about the orthologs of VPS proteins in insects. Here, with the newly annotated Manduca sexta genome, we carried out genomic comparative analysis of VPS proteins in yeast, humans, and 13 sequenced insect genomes representing the Orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. Amino acid sequence alignments and domain/motif structure analyses reveal that most of the components of ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III are evolutionarily conserved across yeast, insects, and humans. However, in contrast to the VPS gene expansions observed in the human genome, only four VPS genes (VPS13, VPS16, VPS33, and VPS37) were expanded in the six insect Orders. Additionally, VPS2 was expanded only in species from Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. These studies provide a baseline for understanding the evolution of vesicular trafficking across yeast, insect, and human genomes, and also provide a basis for further addressing specific functional roles of VPS proteins in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gary Blissard
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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108
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Muñoz-Braceras S, Calvo R, Escalante R. TipC and the chorea-acanthocytosis protein VPS13A regulate autophagy inDictyosteliumand human HeLa cells. Autophagy 2015; 11:918-27. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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109
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Walker RH. Untangling the Thorns: Advances in the Neuroacanthocytosis Syndromes. J Mov Disord 2015; 8:41-54. [PMID: 26090076 PMCID: PMC4460540 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been significant advances in neuroacanthocytosis (NA) syndromes in the past 20 years, however, confusion still exists regarding the precise nature of these disorders and the correct nomenclature. This article seeks to clarify these issues and to summarise the recent literature in the field. The four key NA syndromes are described here-chorea-acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome, Huntington's disease-like 2, and pantothenate kinase- associated neurodegeneration. In the first two, acanthocytosis is a frequent, although not invariable, finding; in the second two, it occurs in approximately 10% of patients. Degeneration affecting the basal ganglia is the key neuropathologic finding, thus the clinical presentations can be remarkably similar. The characteristic phenotype comprises a variety of movement disorders, including chorea, dystonia, and parkinsonism, and also psychiatric and cognitive symptoms attributable to basal ganglia dysfunction. The age of onset, inheritance patterns, and ethnic background differ in each condition, providing diagnostic clues. Other investigations, including routine blood testing and neuroimaging can be informative. Genetic diagnosis, if available, provides a definitive diagnosis, and is important for genetic counseling, and hopefully molecular therapies in the future. In this article I provide a historical perspective on each NA syndrome. The first 3 disorders, chorea-acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome, Huntington's disease-like 2, are discussed in detail, with a comprehensive review of the literature to date for each, while pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is presented in summary, as this disorder has recently been reviewed in this journal. Therapy for all of these diseases is, at present, purely symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H. Walker
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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110
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Park JS, Halegoua S, Kishida S, Neiman AM. A conserved function in phosphatidylinositol metabolism for mammalian Vps13 family proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124836. [PMID: 25915401 PMCID: PMC4411106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vps13 protein family is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. In humans, mutations in the gene encoding the family member VPS13A lead to the neurodegenerative disorder chorea-acanthocytosis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is just a single version of VPS13, thereby simplifying the task of unraveling its molecular function(s). While VPS13 was originally identified in yeast by its role in vacuolar sorting, recent studies have revealed a completely different function for VPS13 in sporulation, where VPS13 regulates phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) levels in the prospore membrane. This discovery raises the possibility that the disease phenotype associated with vps13A mutants in humans is due to misregulation of PtdIns(4)P in membranes. To determine whether VPS13A affects PtdIns(4)P in membranes from mammalian neuronal cells, phosphatidylinositol phosphate pools were compared in PC12 tissue culture cells in the absence or presence of VPS13A. Consistent with the yeast results, the localization of PtdIns(4)P is specifically altered in VPS13A knockdown cells while other phosphatidylinositol phosphates appear unaffected. In addition, VPS13A is necessary to prevent the premature degeneration of neurites that develop in response to Nerve Growth Factor. The regulation of PtdIns(4)P is therefore a conserved function of the Vps13 family and may play a role in the maintenance of neuronal processes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794–5215, United States of America
| | - Simon Halegoua
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794–5230, United States of America
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890–8544, Japan
| | - Aaron M. Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794–5215, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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111
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Nakada TA, Boyd JH, Russell JA, Aguirre-Hernández R, Wilkinson MD, Thair SA, Nakada E, McConechy MK, Fjell CD, Walley KR. VPS13D Gene Variant Is Associated with Altered IL-6 Production and Mortality in Septic Shock. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:545-53. [PMID: 25896417 DOI: 10.1159/000381265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations contribute to septic shock mortality. To discover a novel locus, we performed in vitro genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and further tested the result in a cohort of septic shock patients. METHODS Two in vitro GWAS using a quantitative trait locus analysis of stimulated IL-6 production in lymphoblastoid cells from 60 individuals of European ancestry were performed. VPS13D rs6685273 was genotyped in European ancestry patients (n = 498). The VPS13D gene was silenced in vitro. RESULTS Two GWAS using lymphoblastoid cells identified the locus of VPS13D rs6685273 that was significant in the same direction in both GWAS. The VPS13D rs6685273 C allele was associated with increased IL-6 production. Patients with septic shock who had the VPS13D rs6685273 CC genotype had an increased 28-day mortality (p = 0.023) and more organ failure (p < 0.05) compared to the CT/TT genotypes. VPS13D in vitro gene silencing in the HeLa cell line increased IL-6 production. Furthermore, the rs6685273 genotype was associated with differential VPS13D splice variant expression. CONCLUSIONS The VPS13D rs6685273 C allele was associated with increased IL-6 production in vitro. The patients with the VPS13D rs6685273 CC genotype had increased 28-day mortality and increased organ failure. VPS13D appears to regulate IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Nakada
- Critical Care Research Laboratories, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Abnormal red cell features associated with hereditary neurodegenerative disorders: the neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. Curr Opin Hematol 2015; 21:201-9. [PMID: 24626044 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the generation of thorny red blood cells (RBCs), known as acanthocytes, in patients with neuroacanthocytosis, a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative hereditary disorders that include chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) and McLeod syndrome (MLS). RECENT FINDINGS Although molecular defects associated with neuroacanthocytosis have been identified recently, their pathophysiology and the related RBC abnormalities are largely unknown. Studies in ChAc RBCs have shown an altered association between the cytoskeleton and the integral membrane protein compartment in the absence of major changes in RBC membrane composition. In ChAc RBCs, abnormal Lyn kinase activation in a Syk-independent fashion has been reported recently, resulting in increased band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and perturbation of the stability of the multiprotein band 3-based complexes bridging the membrane to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. Similarly, in MLS, the absence of XK-protein, which is associated with the spectrin-actin-4.1 junctional complex, is associated with an abnormal membrane protein phosphorylation state, with destabilization of the membrane skeletal network resulting in generation of acanthocytes. SUMMARY A novel mechanism in generation of acanthocytes involving abnormal Lyn activation, identified in ChAc, expands the acanthocytosis phenomenon toward protein-protein interactions, controlled by phosphorylation-related abnormal signaling.
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113
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Genetics of Huntington Disease (HD), HD-Like Disorders, and Other Choreiform Disorders. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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114
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Seifert W, Kühnisch J, Maritzen T, Lommatzsch S, Hennies HC, Bachmann S, Horn D, Haucke V. Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3349-58. [PMID: 25492866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.608174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal microcephaly, intellectual disability, and progressive retinal dystrophy are major features of autosomal recessive Cohen syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the gene COH1 (VPS13B). We have recently identified COH1 as a Golgi-enriched scaffold protein that contributes to the structural maintenance and function of the Golgi complex. Here, we show that association of COH1 with the Golgi complex depends on the small GTPase RAB6. RNAi-mediated knockdown of RAB6A/A' prevents the localization of COH1 to the Golgi complex. Expression of the constitutively inactive RAB6_T27N mutant led to an increased solubilization of COH1 from lipid membrane preparations. Co-IP experiments confirmed the physical interaction of COH1 with RAB6 that preferentially occurred with the constitutively active RAB6_Q72L mutants. Depletion of COH1 in primary neurons negatively interfered with neurite outgrowth, indicating a causal link between the integrity of the Golgi complex and axonal outgrowth. We conclude that COH1 is a RAB6 effector protein and that reduced brain size in Cohen syndrome patients likely results from impaired COH1 function at the Golgi complex, causing decreased neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Seifert
- From the Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Jirko Kühnisch
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, FG Development and Disease, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lommatzsch
- From the Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Hennies
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, and the Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- From the Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Prokudin I, Li D, He S, Guo Y, Goodwin L, Wilson M, Rose L, Tian L, Chen Y, Liang J, Keating B, Xu X, Jamieson RV, Hakonarson H. Value of whole exome sequencing for syndromic retinal dystrophy diagnosis in young patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 43:132-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Prokudin
- Eye and Developmental Genetics Research Group; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Eye Genetics Group; Children's Medical Research Institute; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sijie He
- BGI-Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
- BGI Education Center; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen China
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Linda Goodwin
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Nepean Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Loreto Rose
- Ophthalmology Department; Macquarie University Hospital; Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | - Brendan Keating
- Division of Human Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics; The Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Eye and Developmental Genetics Research Group; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Eye Genetics Group; Children's Medical Research Institute; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Save Sight Institute; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Disciplines of Paediatrics and Child Health and Genetic Medicine; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics; The Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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Madrigal I, Alvarez-Mora MI, Karlberg O, Rodríguez-Revenga L, Elurbe DM, Rabionet R, Mur A, Pie J, Ballesta F, Sauer S, Syvänen AC, Milà M. Efficient application of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of rare genetic syndromes. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:1099-103. [PMID: 25271213 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The causes of intellectual disability, which affects 1%-3% of the general population, are highly heterogeneous and the genetic defect remains unknown in around 40% of patients. The application of next-generation sequencing is changing the nature of biomedical diagnosis. This technology has quickly become the method of choice for searching for pathogenic mutations in rare uncharacterised genetic diseases. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was applied to a series of families affected with intellectual disability in order to identify variants underlying disease phenotypes. RESULTS We present data of three families in which we identified the disease-causing mutations and which benefited from receiving a clinical diagnosis: Cornelia de Lange, Cohen syndrome and Dent-2 disease. The genetic heterogeneity and the variability in clinical presentation of these disorders could explain why these patients are difficult to diagnose. CONCLUSIONS The accessibility to next-generation sequencing allows clinicians to save much time and cost in identifying the aetiology of rare diseases. The presented cases are excellent examples that demonstrate the efficacy of next-generation sequencing in rare disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Madrigal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Alvarez-Mora
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olof Karlberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Revenga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dei M Elurbe
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Mur
- Paediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Paediatrics and Obstetrics Department, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology-Physiology, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisca Ballesta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Milà
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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117
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Duplomb L, Duvet S, Picot D, Jego G, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Marle N, Gigot N, Aral B, Carmignac V, Thevenon J, Lopez E, Rivière JB, Klein A, Philippe C, Droin N, Blair E, Girodon F, Donadieu J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Delva L, Michalski JC, Solary E, Faivre L, Foulquier F, Thauvin-Robinet C. Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2391-9. [PMID: 24334764 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. RNA interference against VPS13B confirmed these glycosylation defects. Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duplomb
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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118
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Gueneau L, Duplomb L, Sarda P, Hamel C, Aral B, Chehadeh SE, Gigot N, St-Onge J, Callier P, Thevenon J, Huet F, Carmignac V, Droin N, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Congenital neutropenia with retinopathy, a new phenotype without intellectual deficiency or obesity secondary toVPS13Bmutations. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:522-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gueneau
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Pierre Sarda
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve; CHU Montpellier France
| | - Christian Hamel
- Centre de référence Affections Sensorielles Génétiques; Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; CHU Montpellier France
- Département de génétique et thérapie des cécités rétiniennes; INSERM U583 - Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier; France
| | - Bernard Aral
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Nadège Gigot
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Patrick Callier
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Frédéric Huet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR 1009; Integrated Research Cancer Institute Villejuif (IRCIV), Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
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SPO71 encodes a developmental stage-specific partner for Vps13 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2013; 12:1530-7. [PMID: 24036347 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00239-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The creation of haploid gametes in yeast, termed spores, requires the de novo formation of membranes within the cytoplasm. These membranes, called prospore membranes, enclose the daughter nuclei generated by meiosis. Proper growth and closure of prospore membranes require the highly conserved Vps13 protein. Mutation of SPO71, a meiosis-specific gene first identified as defective in spore formation, was found to display defects in membrane morphogenesis very similar to those seen in vps13Δ cells. Specifically, prospore membranes are smaller than in the wild type, they fail to close, and membrane vesicles are present within the prospore membrane lumen. As in vps13Δ cells, the levels of phophatidylinositol-4-phosphate are reduced in the prospore membranes of spo71Δ cells. SPO71 is required for the translocation of Vps13 from the endosome to the prospore membrane, and ectopic expression of SPO71 in vegetative cells results in mislocalization of Vps13. Finally, the two proteins can be coprecipitated from sporulating cells. We propose that Spo71 is a sporulation-specific partner for Vps13 and that they act in concert to regulate prospore membrane morphogenesis.
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120
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Koizumi K, Gallagher KL. Identification of SHRUBBY, a SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW interacting protein that controls root growth and radial patterning. Development 2013; 140:1292-300. [PMID: 23444357 DOI: 10.1242/dev.090761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The timing and extent of cell division is particularly important for the growth and development of multicellular organisms. Roots of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have been widely studied as a paradigm for organ development in plants. In the Arabidopsis root, the plant-specific GRAS family transcription factors SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are key regulators of root growth and of the asymmetric cell divisions that separate the ground tissue into two separate layers: the endodermis and cortex. To elucidate the role of SHR in root development, we identified 17 SHR-interacting proteins. Among those isolated was At5g24740, which we named SHRUBBY (SHBY). SHBY is a vacuolar sorting protein with similarity to the gene responsible for Cohen syndrome in humans. Hypomorphic alleles of shby caused poor root growth, decreased meristematic activity and defects in radial patterning that are characterized by an increase in the number of cell divisions in the ground tissue that lead to extra cells in the cortex and endodermis, as well as additional cell layers. Analysis of genetic and molecular markers indicates that SHBY acts in a pathway that partially overlaps with SHR, SCR, PLETHORA1 and PLETHORA2 (PLT1 and PLT2). The shby-1 root phenotype was partially phenocopied by treatment of wild-type roots with the proteosome inhibitor MG132 or the gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC). Our results indicate that SHBY controls root growth downstream of GA in part through the regulation of SHR and SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Koizumi
- 121 Carolyn Lynch Laboratories, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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121
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Smith KN, Halfyard SJ, Yaskowiak ES, Shultz KL, Beamer WG, Dorward AM. Fine map of the Gct1 spontaneous ovarian granulosa cell tumor locus. Mamm Genome 2012. [PMID: 23179634 PMCID: PMC3560948 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous development of juvenile-onset, ovarian granulosa cell (GC) tumors in the SWR/Bm (SWR) inbred mouse strain is a model for juvenile-type GC tumors that appear in infants and young girls. GC tumor susceptibility is supported by multiple Granulosa cell tumor (Gct) loci, but the Gct1 locus on Chr 4 derived from SWR strain background is fundamental for GC tumor development and uniquely responsive to the androgenic precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). To resolve the location of Gct1 independently from other susceptibility loci, Gct1 was isolated in a congenic strain that replaces the distal segment of Chr 4 in SWR mice with a 47 × 10(6)-bp genomic segment from the Castaneus/Ei (CAST) strain. SWR females homozygous for the CAST donor segment were confirmed to be resistant to DHEA- and testosterone-induced GC tumorigenesis, indicating successful exchange of CAST alleles (Gct1 ( CA )) for SWR alleles (Gct1 ( SW )) at this tumor susceptibility locus. A series of nested, overlapping, congenic sublines was created to fine-map Gct1 based on GC tumor susceptibility under the influence of pubertal DHEA treatment. Twelve informative lines have resolved the Gct1 locus to a 1.31 × 10(6)-bp interval on mouse Chr 4, a region orthologous to human Chr 1p36.22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N. Smith
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Sarah J. Halfyard
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Edward S. Yaskowiak
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | | | | | - Ann M. Dorward
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
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Prohaska R, Sibon OC, Rudnicki DD, Danek A, Hayflick SJ, Verhaag EM, Jan J V, Margolis RL, Walker RH. Brain, blood, and iron: perspectives on the roles of erythrocytes and iron in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:607-24. [PMID: 22426390 PMCID: PMC3352961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms "neuroacanthocytosis" (NA) and "neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation" (NBIA) both refer to groups of genetically heterogeneous disorders, classified together due to similarities of their phenotypic or pathological findings. Even collectively, the disorders that comprise these sets are exceedingly rare and challenging to study. The NBIA disorders are defined by their appearance on brain magnetic resonance imaging, with iron deposition in the basal ganglia. Clinical features vary, but most include a movement disorder. New causative genes are being rapidly identified; however, the mechanisms by which mutations cause iron accumulation and neurodegeneration are not well understood. NA syndromes are also characterized by a progressive movement disorder, accompanied by cognitive and psychiatric features, resulting from mutations in a number of genes whose roles are also basically unknown. An overlapping feature of the two groups, NBIA and NA, is the occurrence of acanthocytes, spiky red cells with a poorly-understood membrane dysfunction. In this review we summarise recent developments in this field, specifically insights into cellular mechanisms and from animal models. Cell membrane research may shed light upon the significance of the erythrocyte abnormality, and upon possible connections between the two sets of disorders. Shared pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to progress in the understanding of other types of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Prohaska
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ody C.M. Sibon
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dobrila D. Rudnicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan J. Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Esther M. Verhaag
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vonk Jan J
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Russell L. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth H. Walker
- Departments of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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123
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Park JS, Neiman AM. VPS13 regulates membrane morphogenesis during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3004-11. [PMID: 22442115 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary disorders chorea acanthocytosis and Cohen syndrome are caused by mutations in different members of a family of genes that are orthologs of yeast VPS13. In vegetatively growing yeast, VPS13 is involved in the delivery of proteins to the vacuole. During sporulation, VPS13 is important for formation of the prospore membrane that encapsulates the daughter nuclei to give rise to spores. We report that VPS13 is required for multiple aspects of prospore membrane morphogenesis. VPS13 (1) promotes expansion of the prospore membrane through regulation of phosphatidylinositol phosphates, which in turn activate the phospholipase D, Spo14; (2) is required for a late step in cytokinesis that gives rise to spores; and (3) regulates a membrane-bending activity that generates intralumenal vesicles. These results demonstrate that Vps13 plays a broader role in membrane biology than previously known, which could have important implications for the functions of VPS13 orthologs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA
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124
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Hayashi T, Kishida M, Nishizawa Y, Iijima M, Koriyama C, Nakamura M, Sano A, Kishida S. Subcellular localization and putative role of VPS13A/chorein in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:511-6. [PMID: 22366033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene encoding chorein. Although a deficiency in chorein function leads to apoptosis of striatal neurons in ChAc model mouse, its detailed subcellular localization and physiological role remain unclear. In this study, we produced two anti-chorein polyclonal antibodies and examined the intracellular localization of endogenous chorein in neuronal cells. Immunocytochemically, chorein was observed in the termini of extended neurites and partially colocalized with synaptotagmin I in differentiated PC12 cells. Subcellular localization analysis by sucrose density gradient fractionation showed that chorein and synaptotagmin I were located in dense-core vesicles (DCVs), which contain dopamine. In addition, PC12 cells stably expressing carboxyterminal fragment of chorein increased K(+)-induced dopamine release. Taken together, these results suggest that chorein is involved in exocytosis of DCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
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125
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Walker RH. Update on the Non-Huntington's Disease Choreas with Comments on the Current Nomenclature. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2012; 2:tre-02-49-211-1. [PMID: 23440598 PMCID: PMC3570038 DOI: 10.7916/d89p30cs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CHOREA CAN BE CAUSED BY A MULTITUDE OF ETIOLOGIES: neurodegenerative, pharmacological, structural, metabolic, and others. In absence of other apparent causes, exclusion of Huntington's disease is often a first step in the diagnostic process. There are a number of neurodegenerative disorders whose genetic etiology has been identified in the past decade. Molecular diagnosis has enabled genetic identification of disorder subtypes which were previously grouped together, such as the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders and the neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, as well as identification of phenotypic outliers for recognized disorders. Correct molecular diagnosis is essential for genetic counseling and, hopefully, ultimately genetic therapies. In addition, there has recently been recognition of other disorders which can mimic neurodegenerative disorders, including paraneoplastic and prion disorders. This article focuses upon recent developments in the field but is not intended to provide an exhaustive review of all causes of chorea, which is available elsewhere. I also discuss the nomenclature of these disorders which has become somewhat unwieldy, but may ultimately be refined by association with the causative gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H. Walker
- Departments of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Mikitova V, Levine TP. Analysis of the key elements of FFAT-like motifs identifies new proteins that potentially bind VAP on the ER, including two AKAPs and FAPP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30455. [PMID: 22276202 PMCID: PMC3261905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two phenylalanines (FF) in an acidic tract (FFAT)-motifs were originally described as having seven elements: an acidic flanking region followed by 6 residues (EFFDA–E). Such motifs are found in several lipid transfer protein (LTP) families, and they interact with a protein on the cytosolic face of the ER called vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP). Mutation of which causes ER stress and motor neuron disease, making it important to determine which proteins bind VAP. Among other proteins that bind VAP, some contain FFAT-like motifs that are missing one or more of the seven elements. Defining how much variation is tolerated in FFAT-like motifs is a preliminary step prior to the identification of the full range of VAP interactors. Results We used a quantifiable in vivo system that measured ER targeting in a reporter yeast strain that over-expressed VAP to study the effect of substituting different elements of FFAT-like motifs in turn. By defining FFAT-like motifs more widely than before, we found them in novel proteins the functions of which had not previously been directly linked to the ER, including: two PKA anchoring proteins, AKAP220 and AKAP110; a family of plant LTPs; and the glycolipid LTP phosphatidylinositol-four-phosphate adaptor-protein-2 (FAPP-2). Conclusion All of the seven essential elements of a FFAT motif tolerate variation, and weak targeting to the ER via VAP is still detected if two elements are substituted. In addition to the strong FFAT motifs already known, there are additional proteins with weaker FFAT-like motifs, which might be functionally important VAP interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mikitova
- Department of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P. Levine
- Department of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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An CH, Kim YR, Kim HS, Kim SS, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Frameshift mutations of vacuolar protein sorting genes in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Whole-exome sequencing uncovers frequent GNAS mutations in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Sci Rep 2011; 1:161. [PMID: 22355676 PMCID: PMC3240977 DOI: 10.1038/srep00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a common pancreatic cystic neoplasm that
is often invasive and metastatic, resulting in a poor prognosis. Few molecular alterations
unique to IPMN are known. We performed whole-exome sequencing for a primary IPMN tissue,
which uncovered somatic mutations in KCNF1, DYNC1H1, PGCP, STAB1, PTPRM, PRPF8, RNASE3,
SPHKAP, MLXIPL, VPS13C, PRCC, GNAS, KRAS, RBM10, RNF43, DOCK2, and CENPF. We
further analyzed GNAS mutations in archival cases of 118 IPMNs and 32 pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs), which revealed that 48 (40.7%) of the 118 IPMNs but none of
the 32 PDAs harbored GNAS mutations. G-protein alpha-subunit encoded by GNAS
and its downstream targets, phosphorylated substrates of protein kinase A, were evidently
expressed in IPMN; the latter was associated with neoplastic grade. These results indicate
that GNAS mutations are common and specific for IPMN, and activation of G-protein
signaling appears to play a pivotal role in IPMN.
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Seifert W, Kühnisch J, Maritzen T, Horn D, Haucke V, Hennies HC. Cohen syndrome-associated protein, COH1, is a novel, giant Golgi matrix protein required for Golgi integrity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37665-75. [PMID: 21865173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene COH1, also known as VPS13B, lead to autosomal recessive Cohen syndrome. However, the cellular distribution and function of the encoded protein COH1 (3997 amino acids), which lacks functional homologies to other mammalian proteins, have remained enigmatic. We show here that COH1 is a peripheral Golgi membrane protein that strongly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130. Consistent with its subcellular localization, COH1 depletion using RNAi causes fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon into ministacks. Disruption of Golgi organization observed in fibroblasts from Cohen syndrome patients suggests that Golgi dysfunction contributes to Cohen syndrome pathology. In conclusion, our findings establish COH1 as a Golgi-associated matrix protein required for Golgi integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Seifert
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Universität zu Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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Vacuolar protein sorting protein 13A, TtVPS13A, localizes to the tetrahymena thermophila phagosome membrane and is required for efficient phagocytosis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 10:1207-18. [PMID: 21764909 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05089-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 13 (VPS13) proteins have been studied in a number of organisms, and mutations in VPS13 genes have been implicated in two human genetic disorders, but the function of these proteins is poorly understood. The TtVPS13A protein was previously identified in a mass spectrometry analysis of the Tetrahymena thermophila phagosome proteome (M. E. Jacobs et al., Eukaryot. Cell 5:1990-2000, 2006), suggesting that it is involved in phagocytosis. In this study, we analyzed the structure of the macronuclear TtVPS13A gene, which was found to be composed of 17 exons spanning 12.5 kb and was predicted to encode a protein of 3,475 amino acids (aa). A strain expressing a TtVPS13A-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was constructed, and the protein was found to associate with the phagosome membrane during the entire cycle of phagocytosis. In addition, Tetrahymena cells with a TtVPS13A knockout mutation displayed impaired phagocytosis. Specifically, they grew slowly under conditions where phagocytosis is essential, they formed few phagosomes, and the digestion of phagosomal contents was delayed compared to wild-type cells. Overall, these results provide evidence that the TtVPS13A protein is required for efficient phagocytosis.
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Windholz J, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Dittrich K, Blüher S, Kiess W, Stumvoll M, Körner A. Effects of genetic variants in ADCY5, GIPR, GCKR and VPS13C on early impairment of glucose and insulin metabolism in children. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22101. [PMID: 21789219 PMCID: PMC3137620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent genome-wide association studies identified novel candidate genes for fasting and 2 h blood glucose and insulin levels in adults. We investigated the role of four of these loci (ADCY5, GIPR, GCKR and VPS13C) in early impairment of glucose and insulin metabolism in children. Research Design and Methods We genotyped four variants (rs2877716; rs1260326; rs10423928; rs17271305) in 638 Caucasian children with detailed metabolic testing including an oGTT and assessed associations with measures of glucose and insulin metabolism (including fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and insulin sensitivity/secretion indices) by linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI-SDS and pubertal stage. Results The major allele (C) of rs2877716 (ADCY5) was nominally associated with decreased fasting plasma insulin (P = 0.008), peak insulin (P = 0.009) and increased QUICKI (P = 0.016) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.013). rs17271305 (VPS13C) was nominally associated with 2 h blood glucose (P = 0.009), but not with any of the insulin or insulin sensitivity parameters. We found no association of the GIPR and GCKR variants with parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism. None of the variants correlated with anthropometric traits such as height, WHR or BMI-SDS, which excluded potential underlying associations with obesity. Conclusions Our data on obese children indicate effects of genetic variation within ADCY5 in early impairment of insulin metabolism and VPS13C in early impairment of blood glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Windholz
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Dittrich
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Blüher
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Shearman JR, Wilton AN. A canine model of Cohen syndrome: Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:258. [PMID: 21605373 PMCID: PMC3128065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a common autosomal recessive neutropenia in Border collie dogs. RESULTS We used a candidate gene approach and linkage analysis to show that the causative gene for TNS is VPS13B. We chose VPS13B as a candidate because of similarities in clinical signs between TNS and Cohen syndrome, in human, such as neutropenia and a typical facial dysmorphism. Linkage analysis using microsatellites close to VPS13B showed positive linkage of the region to TNS. We sequenced each of the 63 exons of VPS13B in affected and control dogs and found that the causative mutation in Border collies is a 4 bp deletion in exon 19 of the largest transcript that results in premature truncation of the protein. Cohen syndrome patients present with mental retardation in 99% of cases, but learning disabilities featured in less than half of TNS affected dogs. It has been implied that loss of the alternate transcript of VPS13B in the human brain utilising an alternate exon, 28, may cause mental retardation. Mice cannot be used to test this hypothesis as they do not express the alternate exon. We show that dogs do express alternate transcripts in the brain utilising an alternate exon homologous to human exon 28. CONCLUSION Dogs can be used as a model organism to explore the function of the alternately spliced transcript of VPS13B in the brain. TNS in Border collies is the first animal model for Cohen syndrome and can be used to study the disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Shearman
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Alan N Wilton
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Gene expression profiles of colonic mucosa in healthy young adult and senior dogs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12882. [PMID: 20877568 PMCID: PMC2943922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported the effects of age and diet on nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and large intestinal fermentation patterns in healthy young adult and senior dogs. However, a genome-wide molecular analysis of colonic mucosa as a function of age and diet has not yet been performed in dogs. Methodology/Principal Findings Colonic mucosa samples were collected from six senior (12-year old) and six young adult (1-year old) female beagles fed one of two diets (animal protein-based vs. plant protein-based) for 12 months. Total RNA in colonic mucosa was extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip® Canine Genome Arrays. Results indicated that the majority of gene expression changes were due to age (212 genes) rather than diet (66 genes). In particular, the colonic mucosa of senior dogs had increased expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, inflammation, stress response, and cellular metabolism, whereas the expression of genes associated with apoptosis and defensive mechanisms were decreased in senior vs. young adult dogs. No consistent diet-induced alterations in gene expression existed in both age groups, with the effects of diet being more pronounced in senior dogs than in young adult dogs. Conclusion Our results provide molecular insight pertaining to the aged canine colon and its predisposition to dysfunction and disease. Therefore, our data may aid in future research pertaining to age-associated gastrointestinal physiological changes and highlight potential targets for dietary intervention to limit their progression.
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Waite A, Somer M, O'Driscoll M, Millen K, Manson FDC, Chandler KE. Cerebellar hypoplasia and Cohen syndrome: A confirmed association. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2390-3. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Otto GP, Razi M, Morvan J, Stenner F, Tooze SA. A novel syntaxin 6-interacting protein, SHIP164, regulates syntaxin 6-dependent sorting from early endosomes. Traffic 2010; 11:688-705. [PMID: 20163565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is dependent on the function of SNAREs and their alpha-helical SNARE motifs that form SNARE complexes. The Habc domains at the N-termini of some SNAREs can interact with their associated SNARE motif, Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins, tethering proteins or adaptor proteins, suggesting that they play an important regulatory function. We screened for proteins that interact with the Habc domain of Syntaxin 6, and isolated an uncharacterized 164-kDa protein that we named SHIP164. SHIP164 is part of a large (approximately 700 kDa) complex, and interacts with components of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) tethering complex. Depletion of GARP subunits or overexpression of Syntaxin 6 results in a redistribution of soluble SHIP164 to endosomal structures. Co-overexpression of Syntaxin 6 and SHIP164 produced excessive tubulation of endosomes, and perturbed the transport of cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and transferrin receptor. Thus,we propose that SHIP164 functions in trafficking through the early/recycling endosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant P Otto
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
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136
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Koriyama H, Nakagami H, Katsuya T, Sugimoto K, Yamashita H, Takami Y, Maeda S, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Nakamura Y, Ogihara T, Rakugi H, Kaneda Y, Morishita R. Identification of evidence suggestive of an association with peripheral arterial disease at the OSBPL10 locus by genome-wide investigation in the Japanese population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1054-62. [PMID: 20610895 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. However, little is known about the genetic basis of PAD. To elucidate this, we performed a two-staged genome-wide association study in Japanese individuals. METHODS We initially tested 222,285 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After the first screening in a panel of 195 PAD cases and 1,358 controls, 2,696 SNPs (1.2%) were further genotyped in the second screening using another panel of 699 PAD cases and 1540 controls. In both screenings, controls were subjects affected with some diseases other than PAD. RESULTS When analyzed in the combined panel, the strongest signal of PAD association was observed at rs1902341 in the intron of OSBPL10 (p=4.7E-7 for trend test; OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.18-1.46). Also, PAD was modestly associated at several other loci such as rs2554503 in CSMD1 (p=5.7E-5; OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.51) or rs235243 in VSP13D (p=0.04; OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.37). CONCLUSION Our genome-wide exploration identified suggestive evidence of PAD association at the OSBPL10 locus. Because the association has not reached a genome-wide significant level, further replication study is warranted for verification in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koriyama
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
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High frequency of COH1 intragenic deletions and duplications detected by MLPA in patients with Cohen syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:1133-40. [PMID: 20461111 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is a rare, clinically variable autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mental retardation, postnatal microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, ocular abnormalities and intermittent neutropenia. Mutations in the COH1 gene have been found in patients from different ethnic origins. However, a high percentage of patients have only one or no mutated allele. To investigate whether COH1 copy number changes account for missed mutations, we used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to test a group of 14 patients with Cohen syndrome. This analysis has allowed us to identify multi-exonic deletions in 11 alleles and duplications in 4 alleles. Considering our previous study, COH1 copy number variations represent 42% of total mutated alleles. To our knowledge, COH1 intragenic duplications have never been reported in Cohen syndrome. The three duplications encompassed exons 4-13, 20-30 and 57-60, respectively. Interestingly, four deletions showed the same exon coverage (exons 6-16) with respect to a deletion recently reported in a large Greek consanguineous family. Haplotype analysis suggested a possible founder effect in the Mediterranean basin. The use of MLPA was therefore crucial in identifying mutated alleles undetected by traditional techniques and in defining the extent of the deletions/duplications. Given the high percentage of identified copy number variations, we suggest that this technique could be used as the initial screening method for molecular diagnosis of Cohen syndrome.
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Deng FY, Zhao LJ, Pei YF, Sha BY, Liu XG, Yan H, Wang L, Yang TL, Recker RR, Papasian CJ, Deng HW. Genome-wide copy number variation association study suggested VPS13B gene for osteoporosis in Caucasians. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:579-87. [PMID: 19680589 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporotic fracture (OF) is a serious outcome of osteoporosis. Important risk factors for OF include reduced bone mineral density and unstable bone structure. This genome-wide copy number variation association study suggested VPS13B gene for osteoporosis in Caucasians. INTRODUCTION Bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral neck cross-sectional geometric parameters (FNCSGPs) are under strong genetic control. DNA copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic diversity for human diseases. This study aims to identify CNVs associated with BMD and FNCSGPs. METHODS Genome-wide CNV association analyses were conducted in 1,000 unrelated Caucasian subjects for BMD at the spine, hip, femoral neck, and for three FNCSGPs -cortical thickness (CT), cross-section area (CSA), and buckling ratio (BR). BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). CT, CSA, and BR were estimated using DEXA measurements. Affymetrix 500K arrays and copy number analysis tool was used to identify CNVs. RESULTS A CNV in VPS13B gene was significantly associated with spine, hip and FN BMDs, and CT, CSA, and BR (p < 0.05). Compared to subjects with two copies of the CNV, carriers of one copy had an average of 14.6%, 12.4%, and 13.6% higher spine, hip, and FN BMD, 20.0% thicker CT, 10.6% larger CSA, and 12.4% lower BR. Thus, a decrease of the CNV consistently produced stronger bone, thereby reducing osteoporotic fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS VPS13B gene, via affecting BMD and FNCSGPs, is a novel osteoporosis risk gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-Y Deng
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Saxena R, Hivert MF, Langenberg C, Tanaka T, Pankow JS, Vollenweider P, Lyssenko V, Bouatia-Naji N, Dupuis J, Jackson AU, Kao WHL, Li M, Glazer NL, Manning AK, Luan J, Stringham HM, Prokopenko I, Johnson T, Grarup N, Boesgaard TW, Lecoeur C, Shrader P, O'Connell J, Ingelsson E, Couper DJ, Rice K, Song K, Andreasen CH, Dina C, Köttgen A, Le Bacquer O, Pattou F, Taneera J, Steinthorsdottir V, Rybin D, Ardlie K, Sampson M, Qi L, van Hoek M, Weedon MN, Aulchenko YS, Voight BF, Grallert H, Balkau B, Bergman RN, Bielinski SJ, Bonnefond A, Bonnycastle LL, Borch-Johnsen K, Böttcher Y, Brunner E, Buchanan TA, Bumpstead SJ, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Charpentier G, Chen YDI, Chines PS, Collins FS, Cornelis M, J Crawford G, Delplanque J, Doney A, Egan JM, Erdos MR, Firmann M, Forouhi NG, Fox CS, Goodarzi MO, Graessler J, Hingorani A, Isomaa B, Jørgensen T, Kivimaki M, Kovacs P, Krohn K, Kumari M, Lauritzen T, Lévy-Marchal C, Mayor V, McAteer JB, Meyre D, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Morken MA, Narisu N, Palmer CNA, Pakyz R, Pascoe L, Payne F, Pearson D, Rathmann W, Sandbaek A, Sayer AA, Scott LJ, Sharp SJ, Sijbrands E, Singleton A, Siscovick DS, Smith NL, Sparsø T, Swift AJ, Syddall H, Thorleifsson G, Tönjes A, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Valle TT, Waeber G, Walley A, Waterworth DM, Zeggini E, Zhao JH, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Hu FB, Morris AD, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Nilsson P, Syvänen AC, Shuldiner AR, Walker M, Bornstein SR, Schwarz P, Williams GH, Nathan DM, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Cooper C, Marmot M, Ferrucci L, Mooser V, Stumvoll M, Loos RJF, Altshuler D, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Boerwinkle E, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Florez JC, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Sladek R, Froguel P, Meigs JB, Groop L, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM. Genetic variation in GIPR influences the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge. Nat Genet 2010; 42:142-8. [PMID: 20081857 PMCID: PMC2922003 DOI: 10.1038/ng.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose levels 2 h after an oral glucose challenge are a clinical measure of glucose tolerance used in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We report a meta-analysis of nine genome-wide association studies (n = 15,234 nondiabetic individuals) and a follow-up of 29 independent loci (n = 6,958-30,620). We identify variants at the GIPR locus associated with 2-h glucose level (rs10423928, beta (s.e.m.) = 0.09 (0.01) mmol/l per A allele, P = 2.0 x 10(-15)). The GIPR A-allele carriers also showed decreased insulin secretion (n = 22,492; insulinogenic index, P = 1.0 x 10(-17); ratio of insulin to glucose area under the curve, P = 1.3 x 10(-16)) and diminished incretin effect (n = 804; P = 4.3 x 10(-4)). We also identified variants at ADCY5 (rs2877716, P = 4.2 x 10(-16)), VPS13C (rs17271305, P = 4.1 x 10(-8)), GCKR (rs1260326, P = 7.1 x 10(-11)) and TCF7L2 (rs7903146, P = 4.2 x 10(-10)) associated with 2-h glucose. Of the three newly implicated loci (GIPR, ADCY5 and VPS13C), only ADCY5 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in collaborating studies (n = 35,869 cases, 89,798 controls, OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.09-1.15, P = 4.8 x 10(-18)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Beales PL. Obesity in Single Gene Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 94:125-57. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rezaei N, Moazzami K, Aghamohammadi A, Klein C. Neutropenia and Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28:335-66. [DOI: 10.1080/08830180902995645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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142
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Katzaki E, Pescucci C, Uliana V, Papa FT, Ariani F, Meloni I, Priolo M, Selicorni A, Milani D, Fischetto R, Celle ME, Grasso R, Dallapiccola B, Brancati F, Bordignon M, Tenconi R, Federico A, Mari F, Renieri A, Longo I. Clinical and molecular characterization of Italian patients affected by Cohen syndrome. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:1011-1017. [PMID: 17990063 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with variability in the clinical manifestations, characterized by developmental delay, visual disability, facial dysmorphisms and intermittent neutropenia. We described a cohort of 10 patients affected by Cohen syndrome from nine Italian families ranging from 5 to 52 years at assessment. Characteristic age related facial changes were well documented. Visual anomalies, namely retinopathy and myopia, were present in 9/10 patients (retinopathy in 9/10 and myopia in 8/10). Truncal obesity has been described in all patients older than 6 years (8/8). DNA samples from all patients were analyzed for mutations in COH1 by DHPLC. We detected 15 COH1 alterations most of them were truncating mutations, only one being a missense change. Partial gene deletions have been found in two families. Most mutations were private. Two were already reported in the literature just once. A single base deletion leading to p.T3708fs3769, never reported before, was found in three apparently unrelated families deriving from a restricted area of the Veneto's lowland, between Padova town and Tagliamento river, in heterozygous state. Given the geographical conformation of this region, which is neither geographically or culturally isolated, a recent origin of the mutation could be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Katzaki
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Pescucci
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Tiziana Papa
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meloni
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Medical Genetics Hospital of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Fischetto
- U.O. Metabolic Disease-Medical Genetics, P.O.Giovanni XXIII-A.O.U. Policlinico Consorziale, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Celle
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- IRCCS CSS, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Bordignon
- Clinical Genetics and Epidemiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Clinical Genetics and Epidemiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Neurological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Longo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, V. Le Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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143
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Saiki S, Sakai K, Murata KY, Saiki M, Nakanishi M, Kitagawa Y, Kaito M, Gondo Y, Kumamoto T, Matsui M, Hattori N, Hirose G. Primary skeletal muscle involvement in chorea-acanthocytosis. Mov Disord 2007; 22:848-52. [PMID: 17345646 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a hereditary disease characterized by involuntary movements and amyotrophy with elevation of serum creatine kinase. Although skeletal muscle involvement in ChAc has been suggested, the mechanism remains unclear. To investigate chorein abnormalities of the skeletal muscles of ChAc patients with an apparently heterozygous VPS13A mutation compared with those of other hereditary choreic diseases, we performed histological and immunohistochemical studies of the skeletal muscles from 3 ChAc, 1 Huntington's disease (HD), 1 McLeod syndrome (MLS), and 1 normal control (NC) with 2 originally generated anti-chorein antibodies. Chorein immunoreactivities in HD, MLS, and NC were found linearly along the sarcolemma and appeared as speckles in the sarcoplasma, but those in ChAc were uneven and discontinuous along the sarcolemmas and increased in the sarcoplasma especially in type I fibers. This histological observation suggests chorein abnormalities of skeletal muscles might be associated with primary involvement of skeletal muscles in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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144
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Olkkonen VM, Ikonen E. When intracellular logistics fails--genetic defects in membrane trafficking. J Cell Sci 2007; 119:5031-45. [PMID: 17158910 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of human genetic disorders shown to be due to defects in membrane trafficking has greatly increased during the past five years. Defects have been identified in components involved in sorting of cargo into transport carriers, vesicle budding and scission, movement of vesicles along cytoskeletal tracks, as well as in vesicle tethering, docking and fusion at the target membrane. The nervous system is extremely sensitive to such disturbances of the membrane trafficking machinery, and the majority of these disorders display neurological defects--particularly diseases affecting the motility of transport carriers along cytoskeletal tracks. In several disorders, defects in a component that represents a fundamental part of the trafficking machinery fail to cause global transport defects but result in symptoms limited to specific cell types and transport events; this apparently reflects the redundancy of the transport apparatus. In groups of closely related diseases such as Hermansky-Pudlak and Griscelli syndromes, identification of the underlying gene defects has revealed groups of genes in which mutations lead to similar phenotypic consequences. New functionally linked trafficking components and regulatory mechanisms have thus been discovered. Studies of the gene defects in trafficking disorders therefore not only open avenues for new therapeutic approaches but also significantly contribute to our knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms of intracellular membrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Biomedicum, POBox 104, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
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145
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Mizuno E, Nakamura M, Agemura A, Kusumoto A, Ichiba M, Kurano Y, Muroya S, Sano A. Brain-specific transcript variants of 5′ and 3′ ends of mouse VPS13A and VPS13C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 353:902-7. [PMID: 17196930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13A (VPS13A) gene are responsible for chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). We previously determined the full-length sequence and exon-intron structure of mouse VPS13A and generated a ChAc model mouse by using the gene targeting technique. In the process, we found diverse 5' and 3' transcript variants. Since ChAc is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, the mouse model should be useful for investigation of ChAc molecular pathogenesis, and the model's brain specific variants of VPS13A will be indispensable in these investigations. In the present study, we investigated mouse VPS13A transcript variants. We found brain-specific variants of mouse VPS13A, which may be involved in the brain-specific pathology of ChAc. In addition, we identified for the first time mouse VPS13C cDNA sequences and brain-specific variants of VPS13C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mizuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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146
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Jacobs ME, DeSouza LV, Samaranayake H, Pearlman RE, Siu KWM, Klobutcher LA. The Tetrahymena thermophila phagosome proteome. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 5:1990-2000. [PMID: 17012537 PMCID: PMC1694822 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00195-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, phagocytosis occurs mainly in specialized cells of the immune system and serves as a primary defense against invading pathogens, but it also plays a role in clearing apoptotic cells and in tissue remodeling during development. In contrast, unicellular eukaryotes, such as the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, employ phagocytosis to ingest and degrade other microorganisms to meet their nutritional needs. To learn more about the protein components of the multistep process of phagocytosis, we carried out an analysis of the Tetrahymena phagosome proteome. Tetrahymena cells were fed polystyrene beads, which allowed for the efficient purification of phagosomes. The protein composition of purified phagosomes was then analyzed by multidimensional separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 453 peptides were identified that resulted in the identification of 73 putative phagosome proteins. Twenty-eight of the proteins have been implicated in phagocytosis in other organisms, indicating that key aspects of phagocytosis were conserved during evolution. Other identified proteins have not previously been associated with phagocytosis, including some of unknown function. Live-cell confocal fluorescence imaging of Tetrahymena strains expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged versions of four of the identified phagosome proteins provided evidence that at least three of the proteins (including two with unknown functions) are associated with phagosomes, indicating that the bulk of the proteins identified in the analyses are indeed phagosome associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Jacobs
- Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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147
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Gold MM, Shifteh K, Bello JA, Lipton M, Kaufman DM, Brown AD. Chorea-acanthocytosis: A Mimicker of Huntington Disease Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neurologist 2006; 12:327-9. [PMID: 17122731 DOI: 10.1097/01.nrl.0000245817.18773.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroacanthocytosis consists of a group of rare heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders associated with acanthocytosis. Chorea-acanthocytosis, a variety of neuroacanthocytosis, is an autosomal recessive condition with clinical and radiologic features similar to Huntington disease. Although difficult, distinguishing between these entities is crucial as the implications for genetic counseling are significant. REVIEW SUMMARY We report the case of a 33-year-old female who presented to our institution with a 3-year history of chorea. The patient's prominent orofacial symptoms and the presence of acanthocytes on peripheral blood smear led to the correct diagnosis of chorea-acanthocytosis. CONCLUSIONS The significant similarities between chorea-acanthocytosis and Huntington disease at the clinical and radiologic levels can lead to an initial misdiagnosis. Clinical clues suggestive of chorea-acanthocytosis include prominent orofacial dyskinesias, often causing dysarthria and dysphagia. Acanthocytosis, when present on peripheral blood smear, can confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem M Gold
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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148
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Walker RH, Danek A, Dobson-Stone C, Guerrini R, Jung HH, Lafontaine AL, Rampoldi L, Tison F, Andermann E. Developments in neuroacanthocytosis: Expanding the spectrum of choreatic syndromes. Mov Disord 2006; 21:1794-805. [PMID: 16958034 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As with other neurodegenerative disorders, research into the group of diseases known under the umbrella term of "neuroacanthocytosis" has greatly benefited from the identification of causative genes. The distinct and unifying aspect of these disorders is the presence of thorny deformations of circulating erythrocytes. This may be due to abnormal properties of red cell membranes, which could lead to insights into mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Research approaches in this field, in addition to examining functions and protein interactions of the affected proteins with particular respect to neurons, have also drawn upon the expertise of hematologists and red cell membrane biologists. In this article, recent developments in the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10468, USA.
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149
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Seifert W, Holder-Espinasse M, Spranger S, Hoeltzenbein M, Rossier E, Dollfus H, Lacombe D, Verloes A, Chrzanowska KH, Maegawa GHB, Chitayat D, Kotzot D, Huhle D, Meinecke P, Albrecht B, Mathijssen I, Leheup B, Raile K, Hennies HC, Horn D. Mutational spectrum of COH1 and clinical heterogeneity in Cohen syndrome. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e22. [PMID: 16648375 PMCID: PMC2564527 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.039867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with variability in the clinical manifestations, characterised by mental retardation, postnatal microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, pigmentary retinopathy, myopia, and intermittent neutropenia. Mutations in the gene COH1 have been found in an ethnically diverse series of patients. Brief clinical descriptions of 24 patients with CS are provided. The patients were from 16 families of different ethnic backgrounds and between 2.5 and 60 years of age at assessment. DNA samples from all patients were analysed for mutations in COH1 by direct sequencing. Splice site mutations were characterised using reverse transcriptase PCR analysis from total RNA samples. In this series, we detected 25 different COH1 mutations; 19 of these were novel, including 9 nonsense mutations, 8 frameshift mutations, 4 verified splice site mutations, 3 larger in frame deletions, and 1 missense mutation. We observed marked variability of developmental and growth parameters. The typical facial gestalt was seen in 23/24 patients. Early onset progressive myopia was present in all the patients older than 5 years. Widespread pigmentary retinopathy was found in 12/14 patients assessed over 5 years of age. We present evidence for extended allelic heterogeneity of CS, with the vast majority of mutations leading to premature termination codons in COH1. Our data confirm the broad clinical spectrum of CS with some patients lacking even the characteristic facial gestalt and pigmentary retinopathy at school age.
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150
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Dobson-Stone C, Velayos-Baeza A, Jansen A, Andermann F, Dubeau F, Robert F, Summers A, Lang AE, Chouinard S, Danek A, Andermann E, Monaco AP. Identification of a VPS13A founder mutation in French Canadian families with chorea-acanthocytosis. Neurogenetics 2005; 6:151-8. [PMID: 15918062 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-005-0220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13A cause chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. VPS13A is located in a tail-to-tail arrangement with GNA14 on chromosome 9q21. ChAc shows substantial allelic heterogeneity, with no single VPS13A mutation causing the majority of cases. We examined 11 patients in four French Canadian ChAc pedigrees for mutations in VPS13A. Affected members of three families were homozygous for a 37-kb deletion of the four terminal exons of VPS13A (EX70_EX73del). This deletion also encompasses the two terminal exons of GNA14. Two affected females in family 4 were homozygous for the splicing mutation 4242+1G>T. Remarkably, the affected males in this highly consanguineous pedigree were compound heterozygotes for EX70_EX73del and 4242+1G>T. PCR analysis of the deletion breakpoint junction revealed that an additional patient with French Canadian ancestry was heterozygous for the EX70_EX73del allele. The identification of a common 9q21 haplotype associated with EX70_EX73del in at least four apparently unrelated ChAc families implies that ChAc shows a founder effect in French Canadians, and that routine testing for EX70_EX73del in suspected ChAc cases may therefore be worthwhile in this population. The deletion breakpoint PCR described here will enable rapid identification of both homozygous and heterozygous carriers of EX70_EX73del.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dobson-Stone
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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